Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT về Chất lượng không khí

QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON AIR QUALITY

Foreword

QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT is developed by the Pollution Control Department, submitted by the Department of Science and Technology and Department of Legislation for approval; appraised by the Ministry of Science and Technology and promulgated together with the Circular No. 01/2023/TT-BTNMT dated March 13, 2023 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment.

QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT supersedes QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT and QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT.

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON AIR QUALITY

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

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1.1.1. This Regulation provides for maximum permissible limits of basic parameters and toxic parameters in ambient air.

1.1.2. This Regulation is applied to monitor and assess quality of ambient air.

1.1.3. This Regulation does not apply to indoor air.

1.2. Regulated entities

This Regulation applies to environment authorities, organizations, residential communities, households and individuals whose activities involve air quality within Vietnam’s territory.

1.3. Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the terms below shall be construed as follows:

1.3.1. “basic parameters” refer to those used to carry out periodic, automatic and continuous monitoring in order to monitor air quality, including SO2 (sulfur dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), O3 (ozone), TSP (total suspended particles), PM10, PM2.5.

1.3.2. “toxic parameters” refer to inorganic or organic compounds that are harmful to human health and the environment, and selected for monitoring according to objectives of a monitoring program.

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1.3.3. “PM10” refers to particles of which the aerodynamic diameter is ≤ 10 µm.

1.3.3. “PM2.5” refers to particles of which the aerodynamic diameter is ≤ 2.5 µm.

1.3.6. “01-hour average” refers to the average of the values measured over an hour.

1.3.7. “8-hour average” refers to the average of the values measured over 8 hours.

1.3.8. “24-hour average” refers to the average of the values measured over 24 hours.

1.3.8. “annual average” refers to the average of the values measured over a year.

1.3.10. “standard cubic meter of gas” (Nm³) refers to the cubic meter of gas at a temperature of 25ºC and an absolute pressure of 760 mm of mercury.

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Maximum permissible limits of basic parameters in ambient air are specified in Table 1.

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Unit: μg/Nm³

No.

Parameter

1-hour average

8-hour average

24-hour average

Annual average

1

SO₂

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-

125

50

2

CO

30.000

10.000

-

-

...

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...

NO₂

200

-

100

40

4

O₃

200

120

...

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...

-

5

Total suspended particles (TSP)

300

-

200

100

6

PM₁₀

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...

-

100

50

7

PM_2,5

-

-

50

45^(*)

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Notes:

- (-): N/A

- (*): Concentration value, applicable from January 01, 2026.

2.2. Maximum permissible limits of toxic parameters in ambient air are specified in Table 2.

Table 2: Maximum permissible limits of toxic parameters in ambient air

Unit: μg/Nm³

No.

Parameter

Averaging time

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Inorganic compounds

1

Lead (Plumbum) (Pb) and its compounds (expressed as Lead)

24 hours

1,5

2

Arsenic (Plumbum) (Pb) and its compounds (expressed as As)

1 hour

0,03

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Arsenic Trihydride (AsH₃)

1 hour

0,3

4

Hydrochloride (HCl)

24 hours

60

5

Nitric Acid (HNO₃)

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400

24 hours

150

6

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)

1 hour

300

24 hours

50

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Respirable crystalline Silicon Oxide (SiO₂)

1 hour

150

24 hours

50

8

Serpentine white asbestos

24 hours

1 fiber/m³

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Cadmium (Cd) and its compounds (expressed as Cd)

1 hour

0,4

8 hours

0,2

10

Chlorine (Cl₂)

1 hour

100

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30

11

Chromium (6+) (Cr⁶⁺) and its compounds

1 hour

0,007

24 hours

0,003

12

Hydrogen fluoride (HF)

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20

24 hours

5

13

Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)

1 hour

10

14

Manganese and its compounds (expressed as MnO₂)

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10

24 hours

8

15

Nickel (Ni) and its compounds (expressed as Ni)

24 hours

1

16

Mercury (Hydrargyrum) (Hg) and its compounds (expressed as Hg)

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0,3

17

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

24 hours

10

Organic compounds

18

Acrolein (CH2=CHCHO)

1 hour

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19

Acrylonitrile (CH2=CHCN)

24 hours

45

20

Aniline (C6H5NH2)

1 hour

50

24 hours

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21

Benzene (C6H6)

1 hour

22

22

Benzidine (NH2C6H4C6H4NH2)

1 hour

Not detected

23

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24 hours

16

24

Total Hydrocarbon (CxHy)

1 hour

5000

24 hours

1500

25

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...

1 hour

20

26

Naphthalene (C10H8)

8 hours

500

24 hours

120

27

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...

1 hour

10

28

Tetrachloethylene (C2Cl4)

24 hours

100

29

Vinyl chloride (CICH=CH2)

24 hours

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Compounds causing unpleasant odors

30

Ammonia (NH3)

1 hour

200

31

Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)

1 hour

45

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Propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH)

8 hours

300

33

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

1 hour

42

34

Mercaptan expressed as Methyl Mercaptan (CH3SH)

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50

24 hours

20

35

Styrene (C6H5CH=CH2)

24 hours

260

36

Toluene (C6H5CH3)

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500

37

Xylene (C6H4(CH3)2)

1 hour

1000

3. DETERMINATION METHODS

3.1. Monitoring methods intended for determining concentrations of basic and toxic parameters in ambient air are specified under Table 3 or environmental monitoring techniques promulgated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

Table 3. Methods for monitoring parameters in ambient air

No.

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Monitoring method, standard code

1

SO₂

TCVN 5971:1995;

TCVN 7726:2007;

MASA 704A;

MASA 704B;

NIOSH 6004

2

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TCVN 5972:1995;

TCVN 7725:2007;

MASA 128;

OSHA ID-209;

OSHA ID 210;

ASTM D 3162

3

NO₂

TCVN 6137:2009;

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ASTM D1607

4

O₃

TCVN 6157:1996;

TCVN 7171:2002

5

Total suspended particles (TSP)

TCVN 5067:1995;

TCVN 9469:2012 (ISO 10473:2010);

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ASTM D 4096 -17

6

PM₁₀

40 CFR part 50 Method appendix J;

AS/NZS 3580.9.7:2009;

AS/NZS 3580.9.6:2003;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-2.1 (high volume)

7

PM_2.5

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AS/NZS 3580.9.7:2009

8

Lead (Plumbum) (Pb)

TCVN 6152:1996;

NIOSH Method 7300;

NIOSH Method 7301;

NIOSH Method 7302;

NIOSH Method 7303;

NIOSH Method 7082;

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ASTM D4185-96;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.2;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.3;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.4;

ISO 9855:1993;

ISO 8518:2001

9

Arsenic (As)

NIOSH 7300;

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US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.3;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.4

10

Arsenic Trihydride (AsH₃)

NIOSH method 6001

11

Hydrochloride (HCl)

NIOSH Method 7907

12

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NIOSH method 7907

13

Acid Sulfuric (H₂SO₄)

NIOSH Method 7908

14

Respirable crystalline Silicon Oxide (SiO₂)

TCVN 8945:2011

15

Serpentine white asbestos

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16

Cadmium (Cd)

ASTM D4185-96;

NIOSH Method 7048;

NIOSH 7300;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.2;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.3;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.4;

ISO 11174:1996

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Chlorine (Cl₂)

MASA 202

18

Chromi (6+) (Cr⁶⁺)

NIOSH Method 7600;

OSHA Method ID 215;

ASTM D 6832

19

Hydrogen fluoride (HF)

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MASA 205;

MASA 203F;

NIOSH Method 7906

20

Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)

NIOSH Method 6017;

NIOSH Method 6010D

21

Manganese (Mn)

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NIOSH 7300;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.2;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.3;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.4

22

Nickel (Ni)

ASTM D4185-96;

NIOSH 7 Method 300;

US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.2;

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US EPA Compendium Method IO-3.4

23

Mercury (Hydrargyrum) (Hg)

ISO 17733:2015;

NIOSH Method 6009;

OSHA Method ID 140

24

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

ISO 17091:2013;

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25

Acrolein (CH2=CHCHO)

NIOSH method 2501

26

Acrylonitrile (CH2=CHCN)

NIOSH method 1604

27

Aniline (C6H5NH2)

NIOSH method 2002

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Benzene (C6H6)

TCVN 12247-1:2018;

ASTM D 3686-95;

ISO 16017-1:2000;

US EPA Method TO-17;

MASA 834;

NIOSH Method 1501;

ASTM D 3686-95;

ISO 16017-1:2000;

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29

Benzidine (NH2C6H4C6H4NH2)

NIOSH method 5509

30

Chloroform (CHCl3)

NIOSH method 1003

31

Total Hydrocarbon (CxHy)

NIOSH method 1500

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Formaldehyde (HCHO)

NIOSH Method 2541;

NIOSH Method 3500;

OSHA Method 52;

US EPA Compendium Method TO-11A

33

Naphtalene (C10H8)

OSHA Method 35;

NIOSH method 1501

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Phenol (C6H5OH)

NIOSH Method 3502;

OSHA Method 32;

NIOSH 2546

35

Tetrachloethylene (C2Cl4)

US.EPA Method TO-17;

NIOSH Method 1003

36

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US EPA Method TO-17;

NIOSH Method 1007

37

Ammonia (NH3)

TCVN 5293:1995;

MASA 401

38

Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)

NIOSH Method 2538

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Propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH)

OSHA method PV2293

40

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

MASA 701

41

Mercaptan expressed as Methyl Mercaptan (CH3SH)

TCVN 10026:2020 (ASTM D2913-14);

ASTM D2913 - 96(2007);

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42

Styrene (C6H5CH=CH2)

TCVN 12247-1:2018;

ASTM D 3686-95;

ISO 16017-1:2000;

US EPA Method TO-17;

MASA 834;

NIOSH Method 1501;

ASTM D 3686-95

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Toluene (C6H5CH3)

TCVN 12247-1:2018;

ISO 16017-1:2000;

US EPA Method TO-17;

MASA 834;

NIOSH Method 1501;

ASTM D 3686-95

44

Xylene (C6H4(CH3)2)

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ASTM D 3686-95;

ISO 16017-1:2000;

US EPA Method TO-17;

MASA 834;

NIOSH Method 1501

3.2. In addition to the monitoring methods specified in 3.1, the monitoring results from automatic and continuous air quality monitoring equipment that meets technical specifications as prescribed by law are acceptable.

4. REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

4.1. Periodic or automatic and continuous monitoring of air quality and use of monitoring results for directly providing and disclosing information about environmental quality to the community must be performed by organizations that meet the requirements and conditions for environmental monitoring capacity according to the provisions of law.

4.2. Periodic monitoring of air quality shall be carried out according to monitoring goals to choose appropriate parameters to be monitored.

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5.1. Environment authorities shall provide guidance on, inspect and supervise the implementation of this Regulation.

5.2. In the cases where any of the documents referred to in this Regulation is amended or replaced, the newest one shall apply.