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MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION OF
VIETNAM
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SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No. 06/2024/TT-BXD
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Hanoi, August 1, 2024
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CIRCULAR
PROMULGATING QCVN 10:2024/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON CONSTRUCTIONS ACCESSIBILITY
Pursuant to the Law on Technical Regulations and Standards
dated June 29, 2006;
Pursuant to Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 1, 2007
of the Government of Vietnam elaborating the Law on Technical Regulations and
Standards and Decree No. 78/2018/ND-CP dated May 16, 2018 of the Government of
Vietnam on amendments to Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP;
Pursuant to Decree No. 52/2022/ND-CP dated August 8, 2022 of
the Government of Vietnam on functions, tasks, entitlements, and organizational
structure of the Ministry of Construction of Vietnam;
At the request of the Director of the Department of Science,
Technology, and Environment;
The Minister of Construction of Vietnam hereby promulgates
the Circular promulgating QCVN 10:2024/BXD National Technical Regulation on
Constructions Accessibility.
Article 1. Scope
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Article 2. Entry into force
1. This Circular comes into force as of February 1, 2025.
2. Circular No. 21/2014/TT-BXD dated December 29, 2014 of the Minister of
Construction of Vietnam shall be annulled./.
PP. MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Bui Xuan Dung
QCVN 10:2024/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON
CONSTRUCTIONS ACCESSIBILITY Appendix
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1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
1.2 Regulated entities
1.3 Reference documents
1.4 Interpretation of terms
2 TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
2.1 Parking lots and bus stops
2.2 Roads and paths for access to facilities
2.3 Doors
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2.5 Public spaces within facilities
2.6 Emergency exits
2.7 Roads and sidewalks
2.8 Detectable warning signs
2.9 Signage
3 IMPLEMENTATION
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
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QCVN 10:2024/BXD is compiled by the National Institute of
Architecture (Ministry of Construction of Vietnam), proposed by the Department
of Science, Technology, and Environment, appraised by the Ministry of Science
and Technology of Vietnam, and promulgated by the Ministry of Construction of
Vietnam together with Circular No. 06/2024/TT-BXD dated August 1, 2024 of the
Minister of Construction of Vietnam.
QCVN 10:2024/BXD replaces QCVN 10:2014/BXD enclosed with
Circular No. 21/2014/TT-BXD dated December 29, 2014 of the Minister of
Construction of Vietnam.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON
CONSTRUCTIONS ACCESSIBILITY
1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This Regulation provides for compulsory technical requirements when
constructing or renovating construction facilities to ensure accessibility for people
with access difficulties.
NOTE: Solutions must be found to support people with access difficulties
for heritage facilities that must be preserved and existing facilities that are
ineligible for renovation.
1.1.2 Construction facilities must ensure accessibility for people with access
difficulties, including:
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b) Public facilities:
- Education, training, and research facilities;
- Headquarters and offices;
- Health facilities;
- Sports facilities;
- Cultural facilities;
- Trade and service facilities.
c) Urban technical infrastructure facilities:
- Urban traffic facilities: terminals, wharves, bus stations, roads, sidewalks,
pedestrian underpasses, and pedestrian overpasses;
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1.2. Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to organizations and individuals involved
in the investment, construction, management, and use of the facilities specified
in 1.1.2.
1.3 Reference documents
The following reference documents are necessary for the
application of this regulation. Where any reference document is amended or
replaced, comply with its new edition.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD, National Technical Regulation on
Construction Planning;
QCVN 03:2022/BXD, National Technical Regulation on
Classifications of Buildings and Structures for Design;
QCVN 06:2022/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Fire
Safety of Buildings and Constructions.
1.4 Interpretation of terms
For the purpose of this Regulation, the following terms
shall be construed as follows:
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People with access difficulties
Elderly people with declining physical functions, people
temporarily facing mobility difficulties, and people with disabilities.
NOTE: People with disabilities mentioned in this regulation
include those with mobility impairments, hearing or speech impairments, and
visual impairments.
1.4.2
Elderly people with declining physical functions
People aged 60 years and above who experience age-related
decline in mobility, hearing, or vision.
1.4.3
People temporarily facing mobility difficulties
Pregnant women, people pushing strollers with young
children, patients, and people with temporary injuries that limit their
mobility.
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People with disabilities
People with impairments in one or more body parts or
declining physical functions, resulting in difficulties in working, living, or
studying.
1.4.5
Mobility impairments
Reduction of loss of movement ability of the head, neck,
limbs, or torso, causing limited mobility.
People with mobility impairments using wheelchairs,
crutches, braces, orthopedic shoes, canes, or walking frames to move.
1.4.6
Hearing and speech impairments
Reduction or loss of the ability to speak, hear, or both,
including the inability to produce clear sounds or sentences, causing
difficulty in verbal communication.
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1.4.7
Visual impairments
Reduction or loss of the ability to see and perceive light,
colors, images, or objects under normal lighting and environmental conditions.
Visual impairments can vary in severity, from total
blindness (inability to distinguish light from dark) to limited peripheral or
central vision, severe nearsightedness, color blindness, or sensitivity to
bright light.
1.4.8
Access
People with difficulties in using houses, public facilities,
vehicles, information technology, culture, sports, tourism services, and other
services for community integration.
1.4.9
Accessible construction facilities
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1.4.10
Roads for access to facilities
Roads and paths leading to the facilities.
1.4.11
Entrance to facilities
Entryway providing access to the facilities.
1.4.12
Detectable warning signs
Standardized surface indicators placed on pedestrian walkways
or other structural components to alert people with disabilities of potential
hazards or changes on the walkway.
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2.1 Parking lots and bus stops
2.1.1 Public parking lots and parking lots of buildings must include parking
places dedicated to people with access difficulties. The number of parking
spaces shall comply with Table 1.
Table 1 – Number of parking spaces
for people with access difficulties in parking lots
Unit: space
Total number of parking spaces
Minimum number of spaces for
people with access difficulties
More than 5 to 50
1
From 51 to 100
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From 101 to 150
3
From 151 to 200
4
Over 200
5 + 1 space for every additional
100 vehicles
NOTE:
1) The area of the parking space includes internal roads
in the garage/parking lot in compliance with QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2) If the parking lot has no more than 5 spaces, it is
unnecessary to include parking spaces for people with access difficulties.
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- At least 1200 mm for a parking space for automobiles with under 24
seats; (see Figure 1a)
- At least 2500 mm for a parking space for automobiles with more than 24
seats. (see Figure 1b)
2.1.2 The location of parking spaces for people with access difficulties must
be arranged near the entrances to the facilities. For public parking lots, the
parking spaces for people with access difficulties must be near pedestrian walkways.
2.1.3 At a bus stop with elevation changes, there must be a ramp or slope with
tactile tiles or markings in contrasting colors to help people with access
difficulties access traffic vehicles (see Figure 2).
2.1.4 At a bus stop, there must be seats dedicated to people with access
difficulties and spaces dedicated to wheelchair users (see Figure 3).
2.1.5 An area dedicated to people with access difficulties must have signage
or detectable warning signs prescribed in international conventions.
a) Parking space for an automobile
with under 24 seats
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Figure 1 – Illustration of parking
spaces for people with disabilities
Figure 2 – Illustration of bus stops
Unit: mm
Figure 3 – Illustration of a waiting
area for people with access difficulties at a bus stop
2.2 Roads and paths for access to facilities
2.2.1 Within specific premises, a facility, or a construction item, there must
be at least one accessible road or path for access to the facility with signage
and detectable warning signs.
2.2.2 Accessible roads and paths must be flat and non-slip and have ramps
where there are elevation changes.
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- Incline: not steeper than 1/12;
- Clear width of the ramp: at least 1200 mm;
- Ramp length: no more than 9000 mm; if it exceeds 9000 mm, landings must
be arranged;
- Landing length: at least 1400 mm;
- At
the start and end of the ramp, there must be a space with a minimum dimension
of 1400 mm x 1400 mm to allow wheelchair maneuverability;
- Ramp surface must be hard, even, and non-slip.
Figure 4 – Illustration of the
minimum dimension of an accessible ramp
2.2.4 Continuous handrails must be arranged on both sides of a ramp. If one
side of the ramp has an open drop, a safety curb or barrier must be arranged at
the base of the handrail (see Figures 5 and 6).
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- At the start and end of the ramp, handrails must be extended by at least
300 mm (see Figure 5). The distance between the handrail and the wall must be
at least 40 mm (see Figure 7).
LEGEND:
1. Clear space in front of entrance (minimum dimension of 1400 x 1400
mm);
2. Facility entrance;
3. Extended handrail at the start and end of ramp;
4. Handrail at 900 mm height;
5. Handrail at 700 mm height;
6. Ramp with maximum incline of 1/12 and minimum clear width of 1200 mm;
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8. Step at facility entrance;
9. Tactile tile.
Figure 5 – Illustration of
accessible ramp, step, railing, and handrail at a facility entrance
Figure 6 – Various type of handrails
with safety curbs or barriers
Figure 7 – Illustration of handrails
assisting people with access difficulties
2.2.5 For an entrance with steps, comply with the following regulations:
- Step height: no more than 150 mm;
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- Open risers and nosings are not allowed;
- If there are more than 3 steps, handrails must be installed on both
sides according to 2.2.4. (see Figure 5).
2.2.6 Door thresholds and revolving doors are not allowed at entrances (with
doors) for people with access difficulties.
2.2.7 Entrances must have signage, audio announcement systems, and tactile
tiles to guide people to elevators and services for people with access
difficulties.
2.2.8 For facilities requiring preservation or facilities with entrances that fail
to ensure accessibility and eligibility for arranging ramps, arrange mobile
support devices (mobile lifts or ramps) (see Figure 8).
Unit: mm
Figure 8 - Lift for supporting
people with mobility difficulties
2.3 Doors
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2.3.2 The clear space in front of and behind doors must be at least 1400 mm x
1400 mm.
2.4 Elevators
2.4.1 The clear dimension of the elevator door when open must be at least 900
mm. The clear dimension of the elevator cabin floor must be at least 1100 mm x
1400 mm.
2.4.2 The waiting area in front of the elevator door must be at least 1400 mm
x 1400 mm and flat with no steps or elevation changes.
2.4.3 Elevator doors must be equipped with automatic opening and closing
devices, with an opening time of more than 20 seconds, to ensure the safety of
people with access difficulties. Handrails must be installed inside the
elevator according to 2.2.4.
2.4.4 The elevator control panel must be installed at a height of no more than
1200 mm and no less than 900 mm from the floor to the center of the highest
control button. Control buttons must have characters in contrasting colors,
tactile indicators, and Braille lettering.
2.4.5 Floor number indicators inside and outside the elevator must be visible
(via lighting systems) or include an audio announcement system
2.5 Public spaces within facilities
2.5.1 Reception/service areas
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2.5.1.2 At least one reception/service area must be dedicated to people with
access difficulties, corresponding to one service type. Signage using specific
symbols and icons or audio announcement systems must be arranged according to
international conventions.
2.5.1.3 Reception/service counters/desks must include legroom beneath to allow
wheelchair access. The dimensions of the reception/service counters/desks must
comply with the following regulations (see Figure 9):
- Height from finished floor/ground to desk/counter: no more than 800 mm;
- Clear height of legroom: at least 650 mm;
- Depth of legroom: at least 450 mm.
Unit: mm
Figure 9 – Illustration of the dimension
of a desk/counter for people with access difficulties
2.5.2 Seating
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2.5.2.2 Wheelchair-accessible seating must be near the entrance, ensuring
convenient access and emergency exit upon incidents (see Figure 10).
2.5.2.3 The minimum clear space for a wheelchair-accessible seat is 900 mm x
1200 mm. (see Figure 10)
2.5.2.4 The minimum wheel chair spaces must comply with Table 2.
Table 2 - Number of wheelchair
spaces
Unit: Seat
Seating capacity
Minimum number of wheelchair
spaces
1. Under 30
1
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2
3. From 51 to 100
3
4. From 101 to 300
5
5. From 301 to 600
6
6. Over 600
6 + 1 for every additional 200
spaces
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Figure 10 – Illustration of the
dimensions and locations of wheelchair-accessible seating
2.5.3 Examination and patient care rooms in medical
examination and treatment establishments
2.5.3.1 Regulations on the mandatory number of accessible examination and
patient care rooms in medical examination and treatment establishments:
- Hospitals, medical centers, and general clinics: 10% of total rooms;
- Orthopedic and rehabilitation centers: 100% of rooms;
- Nursing centers: 50% of rooms.
2.5.3.2 Each examination or patient care room must have a clear space of at
least 1400 mm x 1400 mm for wheelchair maneuverability.
2.5.3.3 Handrails must be arranged along corridors and walkways to examination
and patient care rooms. Handrail height must comply with 2.2.4.
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2.5.4.1 Hotels and motels with less than 100 rooms must have at least 5% of the
rooms accessible. Those with more than 100 rooms must have 1 additional
accessible room for every additional 50 rooms.
NOTE: Where the 5% is less than 1 room, at least 1
accessible room must be provided.
2.5.4.2 Each bedroom dedicated to wheelchair users must have a clear space of
at least 1400 mm x 1400 mm on one side of the bed for wheelchair
maneuverability.
2.5.4.3 For facilities
without elevators, accessible rooms must be arranged on the ground floor (first
floor).
2.5.5 Restrooms
2.5.5.1 Each public facility must have at least 1 accessible restroom,
accounting for at least 5% of the total number of restrooms.
NOTE: Accessible restrooms are dedicated to all people
specified in 1.1.1, regardless of gender.
2.5.5.2 A shared restroom must have at least 1 accessible urinal in every 6
urinals. Accessible toilet rooms/stalls must be arranged when the restroom does
not have sufficient space according to this regulation.
2.5.5.3 Baby changing areas must be appropriately arranged to avoid obstructing
the use of other areas (for restrooms with baby changing areas).
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Unit: mm
Figure 11 – Illustration of the
space of an accessible area where the toilet is installed
2.5.5.5 The clear width of the restroom door must be at least 800 mm and comply
with the following regulations:
- Outward-opening doors must not obstruct emergency exits;
- Inward-opening doors must not obstruct the mandatory space of the area
where the toilet is installed (see Figure 12).
Figure 12 – Illustration of an
inward-opening door of an accessible toilet room
2.5.5.6 The installation height of sanitary fixtures for people with access
difficulties, from the finished floor/ground, must comply with the following
regulations:
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- Urinal: no higher than 400 mm (see Figure 13b);
- Washbasin: no higher than 750 mm (see Figure 13c).
Figure 13 – Illustration of the
installation height of sanitary fixtures for people with access difficulties
2.5.5.7 The installation height of handrails in the vicinity of the toilet must
be no higher than 900 mm from the finished floor/ground (for horizontal
handrails). In the case of vertical handrails, the lowest point must be no
higher than 950 mm (see Figure 14a).
- Urinal area: the lowest point of the handrail must be no higher than 800
mm (see Figure 14b).
a) Handrail in the vicinity of the
toilet
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Figure 14 – Illustration of the
height of the handrail installed in an accessible toilet room
2.5.5.8 The floor service of restrooms must be non-slip.
2.5.5.9 Accessible toilet rooms must be equipped with emergency alarm systems to
assist people with access difficulties upon incidents. The emergency call button
must be installed at a height no higher than 400 mm from the finished
floor/ground.
2.5.5.10 Accessible restrooms must have signage and audio announcement
systems according to international conventions.
2.6 Emergency exits
2.6.1 Alarm systems
2.6.1.1 Alarm systems for notifying and directing users to rescue waiting areas
and emergency exits must include audio and visual indicators with flashing
lights for use in emergencies.
2.6.1.2 Alarm systems must be arranged in areas such as living rooms, meeting
rooms, auditoriums, corridors, lobbies, hallways, and other public use spaces.
2.6.1.3 If loudspeakers are used for announcements, the sound intensity must
exceed the minimum noise level by at least +5 dB. The sound level of the
emergency alarm must exceed the minimum ambient noise level by at least +15 dB,
up to 120 dB.
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2.6.2.1 Safe zones for people with access difficulties must be arranged in
compliance with QCVN 06:2022/BXD. Safe zones must be directly associated with
emergency staircases and have signage and two-way communication systems with
visual and audio components.
2.6.2.2 Escape routes leading to emergency staircases must comply with QCVN
06:2022/BXD.
2.7 Roads and sidewalks
2.7.1 At intersections with different elevations, such as crosswalks and
sidewalk ramps, sloped pathways must be constructed according to 2.2.3 (see
Figure 15).
2.7.2 At intersections between pedestrian walkways and carriageways,
crosswalks, or entrances to facilities, tactile warning tiles must be installed.
Crosswalks must have no elevation changes (see Figure 16).
2.7.3 Street utilities such as bus stops, benches, electric poles, light
poles, bollards, signs, public phones, mailboxes, ATMS, flower beds, green
trees, and public trash bins must not obstruct people with access difficulties
and be indicated with tactile tiles and contrasting colors for visibility to
those with visual impairments.
Unit: mm
Figure 15 – Illustration of sidewalk
ramps
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Unit: mm
Figure 16 – Illustration of a
crosswalk
Unit: mm
Figure 17 – Illustration of the safe
installation dimensions of an obstacle on a walkway for people with visual
impairments
2.7.5 For green trees planted along walkways, warning solutions must be
provided for people with visual impairments by changing the surface
materials around the planting area or constructing raised edges of at least 100
mm in height or protective railings around tree pits.
2.7.6 The outer edge of pedestrian walkways and pathways around ponds or lakes
in parks must have warning signs or raised edges of at least 150 mm in height to
ensure the safety of people with visual impairments (see Figure 18b).
Unit: mm
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a) Tree planting specifications on
pedestrian walkways
b) Raised warning edges for people
with visual impairments
Figure 18 – Illustration of safety
warnings for people with visual impairments on pedestrian walkways
2.7.7 For construction sites in progress (construction, renovation, or repair)
adjacent to pedestrian walkways, protective barriers with a height from 1000 mm
to 1200 mm must be securely installed to withstand impact and be well-lit at
night. Scaffolding and protective measures must not endanger people with visual
impairments.
2.7.8 For overpasses and underpasses with pedestrian walkways with 3 or more
steps, comply with the following regulations (see Figure 19):
- Step height must not exceed 150 mm, and tread depth must be at least 300
mm;
- A segment has up to 18 steps. Where there are more steps, landings must
be arranged;
- Landing width must be at least 1400 mm;
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Unit: mm
Figure 19 – Illustration of steps at
a pedestrian underpass/overpass
2.7.9 Entrance and exit points of overpasses and underpasses with pedestrian
walkways must have ramps according to 2.2.3 in case of a sudden change in
elevation.
2.7.10 The surface of pedestrian walkways on overpasses and underpasses must be
non-slip.
2.7.11 Tactile tiles and markings in contrasting colors must be installed at
the start and end of overpasses and ramps in underpasses for people with visual
impairments.
2.7.12 Traffic signals
and signage with audio cues or Braille indicators must be installed at
intersections of roads for traffic vehicles, underpass entrances, and overpass
access points to help people with visual impairments cross the street.
2.8 Detectable warning signs
2.8.1 Detectable warning signs include tactile tiles or markings in contrasting
colors.
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- Pedestrian
crossing warning tactile tiles must be placed at intersections between walkways
and carriageways;
- Hazard
warning tactile tiles must be placed at the start and end of staircases, ramps,
near obstacles, or at pedestrian crossings;
- Directional tactile tiles must be used to direct people with visual
impairments toward reception counters, ticket counters, tick control gates, and
ATMS and to help them avoid obstacles in areas lacking information or
indicators;
- Attention
indicator tactile tiles must be placed in front of phone booths, mailboxes,
reception counters, ticket counters, information boards (with Braille lettering
or audio), ATMs, restrooms, waiting rooms, and facility entrances.
2.9 Signage
2.9.1 Text and signs on conventional symbols must contrast with the background
colors. Glossy and highly reflective materials must not be used to prevent
glare that hinders readability.
2.9.2 Signage or detectable warning signs must use signs, symbols, and Braille
lettering in conformity with international conventions (see Appendix A).
3 IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Transitional provisions
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3.1.2 Investment projects with approved investment guidelines or feasibility
research reports approved by construction authorities or submitted to
construction authorities before this regulation comes into force may continue
to comply with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
3.1.3 For feasibility research reports with appraisal results for several
facilities of the projects before this regulation comes into force, when
investors apply for appraisal for the remaining facilities of the projects
after this regulation comes into force, they may choose to continue to comply
with QCVN 10:2014/BXD or this regulation.
3.2 The Ministry of Construction of Vietnam shall provide and disseminate
the guidelines for applying this regulation to relevant entities.
3.3 Central and local construction authorities shall inspect compliance with
this regulation in the preparation, appraisal, approval, and management of the
construction of houses and facilities in their areas according to the law.
3.4 Any difficulty arising during the implementation of this regulation
shall be promptly submitted to the Department of Science, Technology, and
Environment – Ministry of Construction of Vietnam for guidance and handling.
APPENDIX A
Conventional symbols for supporting
people with access difficulties
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APPENDIX B
Technical characteristics of tactile
tiles for people with visual impairments
B.1 Warning tactile tiles
Unit: mm
Figure B.1 – Pedestrian crossing
warning tactile tiles
- Pedestrian crossing warning tactile tiles (see Figure B.1) are used to
alert people with visual impairments at intersections without elevation
differences between pedestrian walkways and carriageways, at ramps leading to
carriageways from pedestrian walkways, and at locations where carriageways are
raised to the elevation of walkways.
Unit: mm
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- Hazard warning tactile tiles (see Figure B.2) are used to warn people
with visual impairments of hazards ahead, such as the start and end of
staircases, elevation changes, pedestrian walkways alongside carriageways, and
elevated railway platforms.
B.2 Platform edge warning tactile tiles
Unit: mm
Figure B.3 - Platform edge warning
tactile tiles for on-street light rapid transit (LRT) platforms
- Platform edge warning tactile tiles for on-street LRT platforms (see
Figure B.3) are used to warn people with visual impairments of the edge of
on-street LRT platforms (stations with railways on the street where pedestrians
can walk across or along the railways without restrictions, limitation, or
protective barriers).
Unit: mm
Figure B.4 - Platform edge warning
tactile tiles for railway and subway platforms
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B.3 Directional tactile tiles
Unit: mm
Figure B.5 – Directional tactile
tiles for people with visual impairments
- Directional
tactile tiles are used to guide people with visual impairments (see Figure B.5)
through obstacles in areas where there is no other navigational information,
such as road edges, corridors, and others.
- Such
tiles are also used to direct people with visual impairments to ticket areas,
ticket control gates, ATMs, and others.
B.4 Attention indicator tactile tiles
Figure B.6 – Location and size of
attention indicator tactile tiles
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- The surface of attention indicator tactile tiles must use raised patterns
like those on pedestrian crossing warning tactile tiles.