QCVN
10:2024/BXD
NATIONAL
TECHNICAL REGULATION ON CONSTRUCTIONS ACCESSIBILITY Appendix
Foreword
1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
1.2 Regulated entities
1.3 Reference documents
1.4 Interpretation of terms
2 TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
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2.2 Roads and paths for access to facilities
2.3 Doors
2.4 Elevators
2.5 Public spaces within facilities
2.6 Emergency exits
2.7 Roads and sidewalks
2.8 Detectable warning signs
2.9 Signage
3 IMPLEMENTATION
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APPENDIX B
Foreword
QCVN 10:2024/BXD is compiled by the National
Institute of Architecture (Ministry of Construction of Vietnam), proposed by
the Department of Science, Technology, and Environment, appraised by the
Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, and promulgated by the Ministry
of Construction of Vietnam together with Circular No. 06/2024/TT-BXD dated
August 1, 2024 of the Minister of Construction of Vietnam.
QCVN 10:2024/BXD replaces QCVN 10:2014/BXD
enclosed with Circular No. 21/2014/TT-BXD dated December 29, 2014 of the Minister
of Construction of Vietnam.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
REGULATION ON CONSTRUCTIONS ACCESSIBILITY
1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
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NOTE: Solutions must be found to support people
with access difficulties for heritage facilities that must be preserved and
existing facilities that are ineligible for renovation.
1.1.2 Construction facilities must ensure
accessibility for people with access difficulties, including:
a) Apartment buildings;
b) Public facilities:
- Education, training, and research facilities;
- Headquarters and offices;
- Health facilities;
- Sports facilities;
- Cultural facilities;
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c) Urban technical infrastructure facilities:
- Urban traffic facilities: terminals, wharves,
bus stations, roads, sidewalks, pedestrian underpasses, and pedestrian
overpasses;
- Other urban technical infrastructure facilities
and utility facilities (funeral homes, cemeteries, public toilets, parks, bus
stops, ATMs, and public internet access points).
1.2. Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to organizations and
individuals involved in the investment, construction, management, and use of the
facilities specified in 1.1.2.
1.3 Reference documents
The following reference documents are necessary
for the application of this regulation. Where any reference document is amended
or replaced, comply with its new edition.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD, National Technical
Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN 03:2022/BXD, National Technical
Regulation on Classifications of Buildings and Structures for Design;
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1.4 Interpretation of
terms
For the purpose of this Regulation, the
following terms shall be construed as follows:
1.4.1
People with access difficulties
Elderly people with declining physical
functions, people temporarily facing mobility difficulties, and people with
disabilities.
NOTE: People with disabilities mentioned in
this regulation include those with mobility impairments, hearing or speech
impairments, and visual impairments.
1.4.2
Elderly people with declining physical
functions
People aged 60 years and above who experience
age-related decline in mobility, hearing, or vision.
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People temporarily facing mobility difficulties
Pregnant women, people pushing strollers with
young children, patients, and people with temporary injuries that limit their
mobility.
1.4.4
People with disabilities
People with impairments in one or more body
parts or declining physical functions, resulting in difficulties in working,
living, or studying.
1.4.5
Mobility impairments
Reduction of loss of movement ability of the
head, neck, limbs, or torso, causing limited mobility.
People with mobility impairments using
wheelchairs, crutches, braces, orthopedic shoes, canes, or walking frames to
move.
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Hearing and speech impairments
Reduction or loss of the ability to speak,
hear, or both, including the inability to produce clear sounds or sentences,
causing difficulty in verbal communication.
Hearing impairments can vary in severity, from
complete deafness to partial hearing loss (limited frequency range or
occasional hearing difficulty).
1.4.7
Visual impairments
Reduction or loss of the ability to see and
perceive light, colors, images, or objects under normal lighting and
environmental conditions.
Visual impairments can vary in severity, from
total blindness (inability to distinguish light from dark) to limited
peripheral or central vision, severe nearsightedness, color blindness, or
sensitivity to bright light.
1.4.8
Access
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1.4.9
Accessible construction facilities
Architectural environment created for people
with access difficulties to enter and use the functional spaces within the facilities.
1.4.10
Roads for access to facilities
Roads and paths leading to the facilities.
1.4.11
Entrance to facilities
Entryway providing access to the facilities.
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Detectable warning signs
Standardized surface indicators placed on
pedestrian walkways or other structural components to alert people with
disabilities of potential hazards or changes on the walkway.
2
TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
2.1 Parking lots and
bus stops
2.1.1 Public parking lots and parking lots of
buildings must include parking places dedicated to people with access
difficulties. The number of parking spaces shall comply with Table 1.
Table 1 – Number of
parking spaces for people with access difficulties in parking lots
Unit: space
Total number of
parking spaces
Minimum number of
spaces for people with access difficulties
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1
From 51 to 100
2
From 101 to 150
3
From 151 to 200
4
Over 200
5 + 1 space for every
additional 100 vehicles
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1) The area of the parking space includes
internal roads in the garage/parking lot in compliance with QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2) If the parking lot has no more than 5
spaces, it is unnecessary to include parking spaces for people with access
difficulties.
3) An access aisle must be placed on either
side of the automobile parking space for people with access difficulties. The
width of the aisle shall be:
- At least 1200 mm for a parking space for
automobiles with under 24 seats; (see Figure 1a)
- At least 2500 mm for a parking space for automobiles
with more than 24 seats. (see Figure 1b)
2.1.2 The location of parking spaces for people with
access difficulties must be arranged near the entrances to the facilities. For
public parking lots, the parking spaces for people with access difficulties
must be near pedestrian walkways.
2.1.3 At a bus stop with elevation changes, there
must be a ramp or slope with tactile tiles or markings in contrasting colors to
help people with access difficulties access traffic vehicles (see Figure 2).
2.1.4 At a bus stop, there must be seats dedicated to
people with access difficulties and spaces dedicated to wheelchair users (see
Figure 3).
2.1.5 An area dedicated to people with access
difficulties must have signage or detectable warning signs prescribed in
international conventions.
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a) Parking space for
an automobile with under 24 seats
b) Parking space for
an automobile with more than 24 seats
Figure 1 – Illustration
of parking spaces for people with disabilities
Figure 2 – Illustration
of bus stops
Unit: mm
Figure 3 – Illustration
of a waiting area for people with access difficulties at a bus stop
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2.2.1 Within specific premises, a facility, or a
construction item, there must be at least one accessible road or path for
access to the facility with signage and detectable warning signs.
2.2.2 Accessible roads and paths must be flat and
non-slip and have ramps where there are elevation changes.
2.2.3 When designing a ramp, comply with the following
regulations (see Figure 4):
- Incline: not steeper than 1/12;
- Clear width of the ramp: at least 1200 mm;
- Ramp length: no more than 9000 mm; if it
exceeds 9000 mm, landings must be arranged;
- Landing length: at least 1400 mm;
- At the start and end of the ramp, there must be
a space with a minimum dimension of 1400 mm x 1400 mm to allow wheelchair
maneuverability;
- Ramp surface must be hard, even, and non-slip.
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Figure 4 – Illustration
of the minimum dimension of an accessible ramp
2.2.4 Continuous handrails must be arranged on both
sides of a ramp. If one side of the ramp has an open drop, a safety curb or
barrier must be arranged at the base of the handrail (see Figures 5 and 6).
-Handrails must be installed at a height of 900
mm above the finished floor/ground. If dual handrails are arranged, the lower
one must be at a height of 700 mm above the finished floor/ground.
- At the start and end of the ramp, handrails
must be extended by at least 300 mm (see Figure 5). The distance between the handrail
and the wall must be at least 40 mm (see Figure 7).
LEGEND:
1. Clear space in front of entrance (minimum
dimension of 1400 x 1400 mm);
2. Facility entrance;
3. Extended handrail at the start and end of
ramp;
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5. Handrail at 700 mm height;
6. Ramp with maximum incline of 1/12 and minimum
clear width of 1200 mm;
7. Safety curb;
8. Step at facility entrance;
9. Tactile tile.
Figure 5 – Illustration
of accessible ramp, step, railing, and handrail at a facility entrance
Figure 6 – Various type
of handrails with safety curbs or barriers
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2.2.5 For an entrance with steps, comply with the
following regulations:
- Step height: no more than 150 mm;
- Tread depth: at least 300 mm;
- Open risers and nosings are not allowed;
- If there are more than 3 steps, handrails must
be installed on both sides according to 2.2.4. (see Figure 5).
2.2.6 Door thresholds and revolving doors are not
allowed at entrances (with doors) for people with access difficulties.
2.2.7 Entrances must have signage, audio announcement
systems, and tactile tiles to guide people to elevators and services for people
with access difficulties.
2.2.8 For facilities requiring preservation or
facilities with entrances that fail to ensure accessibility and eligibility for
arranging ramps, arrange mobile support devices (mobile lifts or ramps) (see
Figure 8).
Unit: mm
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Figure 8 - Lift for
supporting people with mobility difficulties
2.3 Doors
2.3.1 The clear width of doors of entrances to
facilities must be at least 900 mm. For doors of entrances to functional rooms
within facilities, the clear width must be at least 800 mm.
2.3.2 The clear space in front of and behind doors
must be at least 1400 mm x 1400 mm.
2.4 Elevators
2.4.1 The clear dimension of the elevator door when
open must be at least 900 mm. The clear dimension of the elevator cabin floor
must be at least 1100 mm x 1400 mm.
2.4.2 The waiting area in front of the elevator door
must be at least 1400 mm x 1400 mm and flat with no steps or elevation changes.
2.4.3 Elevator doors must be equipped with automatic
opening and closing devices, with an opening time of more than 20 seconds, to
ensure the safety of people with access difficulties. Handrails must be
installed inside the elevator according to 2.2.4.
2.4.4 The elevator control panel must be installed at
a height of no more than 1200 mm and no less than 900 mm from the floor to the
center of the highest control button. Control buttons must have characters in
contrasting colors, tactile indicators, and Braille lettering.
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2.5 Public spaces
within facilities
2.5.1 Reception/service areas
2.5.1.1 Waiting areas, registration/payment counters,
sales counters, currency exchange booths, ATMS, public phones, recreational
areas, dining services, or work surfaces in public facilities must be
accessible.
2.5.1.2 At least one reception/service area must be
dedicated to people with access difficulties, corresponding to one service
type. Signage using specific symbols and icons or audio announcement systems
must be arranged according to international conventions.
2.5.1.3 Reception/service counters/desks must include
legroom beneath to allow wheelchair access. The dimensions of the
reception/service counters/desks must comply with the following regulations
(see Figure 9):
- Height from finished floor/ground to desk/counter:
no more than 800 mm;
- Clear height of legroom: at least 650 mm;
- Depth of legroom: at least 450 mm.
Unit: mm
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Figure 9 – Illustration
of the dimension of a desk/counter for people with access difficulties
2.5.2 Seating
2.5.2.1 Facilities with auditoriums, classrooms,
meeting rooms, waiting rooms, shops, and stadiums must have wheelchair-accessible
seating (see Figure 9).
2.5.2.2 Wheelchair-accessible seating must be near the
entrance, ensuring convenient access and emergency exit upon incidents (see
Figure 10).
2.5.2.3 The minimum clear space for a
wheelchair-accessible seat is 900 mm x 1200 mm. (see Figure 10)
2.5.2.4 The minimum wheel chair spaces must comply with
Table 2.
Table 2 - Number of wheelchair
spaces
Unit: Seat
Seating capacity
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1. Under 30
1
2. From 31 to 50
2
3. From 51 to 100
3
4. From 101 to 300
5
5. From 301 to 600
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6. Over 600
6 + 1 for every
additional 200 spaces
Đơn vị tính: mm
Figure 10 –
Illustration of the dimensions and locations of wheelchair-accessible seating
2.5.3 Examination and patient care rooms in
medical examination and treatment establishments
2.5.3.1 Regulations on the mandatory number of accessible
examination and patient care rooms in medical examination and treatment
establishments:
- Hospitals, medical centers, and general
clinics: 10% of total rooms;
- Orthopedic and rehabilitation centers: 100% of
rooms;
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2.5.3.2 Each examination or patient care room must have
a clear space of at least 1400 mm x 1400 mm for wheelchair maneuverability.
2.5.3.3 Handrails must be arranged along corridors and
walkways to examination and patient care rooms. Handrail height must comply
with 2.2.4.
2.5.4 Rooms in hotels and motels
2.5.4.1 Hotels and motels with less than 100 rooms
must have at least 5% of the rooms accessible. Those with more than 100 rooms
must have 1 additional accessible room for every additional 50 rooms.
NOTE: Where the 5% is less than 1 room, at
least 1 accessible room must be provided.
2.5.4.2 Each bedroom dedicated to wheelchair users
must have a clear space of at least 1400 mm x 1400 mm on one side of the bed
for wheelchair maneuverability.
2.5.4.3 For facilities without elevators, accessible rooms
must be arranged on the ground floor (first floor).
2.5.5 Restrooms
2.5.5.1 Each public facility must have at least 1
accessible restroom, accounting for at least 5% of the total number of
restrooms.
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2.5.5.2 A shared restroom must have at least 1
accessible urinal in every 6 urinals. Accessible toilet rooms/stalls must be
arranged when the restroom does not have sufficient space according to this
regulation.
2.5.5.3 Baby changing areas must be appropriately
arranged to avoid obstructing the use of other areas (for restrooms with baby
changing areas).
2.5.5.4 Within accessible toilet rooms/stalls, the area
where the toilet is installed must have a clear space of at least 1400 mm x
1400 mm for wheelchair maneuverability (see Figure 11).
Unit: mm
Figure 11 –
Illustration of the space of an accessible area where the toilet is installed
2.5.5.5 The clear width of the restroom door must be at
least 800 mm and comply with the following regulations:
- Outward-opening doors must not obstruct
emergency exits;
- Inward-opening doors must not obstruct the
mandatory space of the area where the toilet is installed (see Figure 12).
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Figure 12 –
Illustration of an inward-opening door of an accessible toilet room
2.5.5.6 The installation height of sanitary fixtures
for people with access difficulties, from the finished floor/ground, must
comply with the following regulations:
- Toilet: no higher than 450 mm (see Figure 13a);
- Urinal: no higher than 400 mm (see Figure 13b);
- Washbasin: no higher than 750 mm (see Figure
13c).
Figure 13 –
Illustration of the installation height of sanitary fixtures for people with
access difficulties
2.5.5.7 The installation height of handrails in the vicinity
of the toilet must be no higher than 900 mm from the finished floor/ground (for
horizontal handrails). In the case of vertical handrails, the lowest point must
be no higher than 950 mm (see Figure 14a).
- Urinal area: the lowest point of the handrail
must be no higher than 800 mm (see Figure 14b).
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a) Handrail in the
vicinity of the toilet
b) Handrail in the
urinal area
Figure 14 –
Illustration of the height of the handrail installed in an accessible toilet
room
2.5.5.8 The floor service of restrooms must be
non-slip.
2.5.5.9 Accessible toilet rooms must be equipped with
emergency alarm systems to assist people with access difficulties upon
incidents. The emergency call button must be installed at a height no higher
than 400 mm from the finished floor/ground.
2.5.5.10 Accessible restrooms must have signage
and audio announcement systems according to international conventions.
2.6 Emergency exits
2.6.1 Alarm systems
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2.6.1.2 Alarm systems must be arranged in areas such as
living rooms, meeting rooms, auditoriums, corridors, lobbies, hallways, and
other public use spaces.
2.6.1.3 If loudspeakers are used for announcements, the
sound intensity must exceed the minimum noise level by at least +5 dB. The
sound level of the emergency alarm must exceed the minimum ambient noise level
by at least +15 dB, up to 120 dB.
2.6.2 Escape routes
2.6.2.1 Safe zones for people with access difficulties
must be arranged in compliance with QCVN 06:2022/BXD. Safe zones must be
directly associated with emergency staircases and have signage and two-way
communication systems with visual and audio components.
2.6.2.2 Escape routes leading to emergency staircases
must comply with QCVN 06:2022/BXD.
2.7 Roads and sidewalks
2.7.1 At intersections with different elevations,
such as crosswalks and sidewalk ramps, sloped pathways must be constructed
according to 2.2.3 (see Figure 15).
2.7.2 At intersections between pedestrian walkways
and carriageways, crosswalks, or entrances to facilities, tactile warning tiles
must be installed. Crosswalks must have no elevation changes (see Figure 16).
2.7.3 Street utilities such as bus stops, benches,
electric poles, light poles, bollards, signs, public phones, mailboxes, ATMS,
flower beds, green trees, and public trash bins must not obstruct people with
access difficulties and be indicated with tactile tiles and contrasting colors
for visibility to those with visual impairments.
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Figure 15 –
Illustration of sidewalk ramps
2.7.4 Freestanding obstacles such as advertisement
boards, mailboxes, and public phones must be arranged outside pedestrian
walkways. The bottom edge must be above the ground by up to 600 mm, the maximum
protrusion must be 100 mm, and the clear height on the walkway must be 2000 mm
to avoid collision with people with visual impairments (see Figure 17).
Unit: mm
Figure 16 –
Illustration of a crosswalk
Unit: mm
Figure 17 –
Illustration of the safe installation dimensions of an obstacle on a walkway
for people with visual impairments
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2.7.6 The outer edge of pedestrian walkways and
pathways around ponds or lakes in parks must have warning signs or raised edges
of at least 150 mm in height to ensure the safety of people with visual
impairments (see Figure 18b).
Unit: mm
a) Tree planting specifications
on pedestrian walkways
b) Raised warning
edges for people with visual impairments
Figure 18 –
Illustration of safety warnings for people with visual impairments on
pedestrian walkways
2.7.7 For construction sites in progress
(construction, renovation, or repair) adjacent to pedestrian walkways,
protective barriers with a height from 1000 mm to 1200 mm must be securely
installed to withstand impact and be well-lit at night. Scaffolding and
protective measures must not endanger people with visual impairments.
2.7.8 For overpasses and underpasses with pedestrian
walkways with 3 or more steps, comply with the following regulations (see
Figure 19):
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- A segment has up to 18 steps. Where there are
more steps, landings must be arranged;
- Landing width must be at least 1400 mm;
- Both sides of the steps must have handrails
according to 2.2.4.
Unit: mm
Figure 19 –
Illustration of steps at a pedestrian underpass/overpass
2.7.9 Entrance and exit points of overpasses and
underpasses with pedestrian walkways must have ramps according to 2.2.3 in case
of a sudden change in elevation.
2.7.10 The surface of pedestrian walkways on
overpasses and underpasses must be non-slip.
2.7.11 Tactile tiles and markings in contrasting
colors must be installed at the start and end of overpasses and ramps in
underpasses for people with visual impairments.
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2.8 Detectable warning
signs
2.8.1 Detectable warning signs include tactile tiles
or markings in contrasting colors.
2.8.2 Installation locations of tactile tiles must
comply with the following regulations:
- Pedestrian crossing warning tactile tiles must
be placed at intersections between walkways and carriageways;
- Hazard warning tactile tiles must be placed at
the start and end of staircases, ramps, near obstacles, or at pedestrian
crossings;
- Directional tactile tiles must be used to
direct people with visual impairments toward reception counters, ticket
counters, tick control gates, and ATMS and to help them avoid obstacles in
areas lacking information or indicators;
- Attention indicator tactile tiles must be
placed in front of phone booths, mailboxes, reception counters, ticket
counters, information boards (with Braille lettering or audio), ATMs,
restrooms, waiting rooms, and facility entrances.
2.9 Signage
2.9.1 Text and signs on conventional symbols must
contrast with the background colors. Glossy and highly reflective materials
must not be used to prevent glare that hinders readability.
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3
IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Transitional provisions
3.1.1 Investment projects with approved investment
guidelines or feasibility research reports submitted to construction
authorities for appraisal after this regulation comes into force must comply
with this regulation.
3.1.2 Investment projects with approved investment
guidelines or feasibility research reports approved by construction
authorities or submitted to construction authorities before this regulation
comes into force may continue to comply with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
3.1.3 For feasibility research reports with appraisal
results for several facilities of the projects before this regulation comes
into force, when investors apply for appraisal for the remaining facilities of
the projects after this regulation comes into force, they may choose to
continue to comply with QCVN 10:2014/BXD or this regulation.
3.2 The Ministry of Construction of Vietnam shall
provide and disseminate the guidelines for applying this regulation to relevant
entities.
3.3 Central and local construction authorities
shall inspect compliance with this regulation in the preparation, appraisal,
approval, and management of the construction of houses and facilities in their
areas according to the law.
3.4 Any difficulty arising during the
implementation of this regulation shall be promptly submitted to the Department
of Science, Technology, and Environment – Ministry of Construction of Vietnam
for guidance and handling.
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Conventional
symbols for supporting people with access difficulties
APPENDIX
B
Technical
characteristics of tactile tiles for people with visual impairments
B.1 Warning tactile tiles
Unit: mm
Figure B.1 – Pedestrian
crossing warning tactile tiles
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Unit: mm
Figure B.2 – Hazard
warning tactile tiles
- Hazard warning tactile tiles (see Figure B.2)
are used to warn people with visual impairments of hazards ahead, such as the
start and end of staircases, elevation changes, pedestrian walkways alongside
carriageways, and elevated railway platforms.
B.2 Platform edge warning tactile tiles
Unit: mm
Figure B.3 - Platform
edge warning tactile tiles for on-street light rapid transit (LRT) platforms
- Platform edge warning tactile tiles for
on-street LRT platforms (see Figure B.3) are used to warn people with visual
impairments of the edge of on-street LRT platforms (stations with railways on
the street where pedestrians can walk across or along the railways without
restrictions, limitation, or protective barriers).
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Figure B.4 - Platform
edge warning tactile tiles for railway and subway platforms
- Platform edge warning tactile tiles for railway
and subway platforms (see Figure B.4) are used to warn people with visual
impairments of the edge of the railway and subway platforms.
B.3 Directional tactile tiles
Unit: mm
Figure B.5 –
Directional tactile tiles for people with visual impairments
- Directional tactile tiles are used to guide
people with visual impairments (see Figure B.5) through obstacles in areas
where there is no other navigational information, such as road edges,
corridors, and others.
- Such tiles are also used to direct people with
visual impairments to ticket areas, ticket control gates, ATMs, and others.
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Figure B.6 – Location
and size of attention indicator tactile tiles
- Attention indicator tactile tiles (see Figure
B.6) are used to notify people with visual impairments of the locations of
public utilities. Such tiles are placed in front of phone booths, mailboxes,
reception counters, information boards (with Braille lettering or audio),
automatic payment machines, ATMS, restrooms, waiting areas, ticket counters,
and facility entrances.
- The surface of attention indicator tactile
tiles must use raised patterns like those on pedestrian crossing warning
tactile tiles.