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THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT
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THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No. 45/2025/TT-BNNMT
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Hanoi, August 06, 2025
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CIRCULAR
PROMULGATING NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON
WASTE INCINERATOR
Pursuant to the Law on
Standards and Technical Regulations dated June 29, 2006 and the Law on
amendments to some Articles of the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations
dated June 14, 2025;
Pursuant to the Law on
Environmental Protection dated November 17, 2020;
Pursuant to the
Government’s Decree No. 08/2022/ND-CP dated January 10, 2022 on elaboration of
several Articles of the Law on Environmental Protection and the Government’s
Decree No. 05/2025/ND-CP dated January 06, 2025 on amendments to certain Articles
of the Government’s Decree No. 08/2022/ND-CP dated January 10, 2022 on
elaboration of several Articles of the Law on Environmental Protection;
Pursuant to the
Government’s Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 01, 2007 elaborating some
Articles of the Law Standards and Technical Regulations and Government’s Decree
No. 78/2018/ND-CP dated May 16, 2018 dated May 16, 2018 on amendments to some
Articles of the Government’s Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 01, 2007
elaborating some Articles of the Law Standards and Technical Regulations;
Pursuant to the
Government’s Decree No. 35/2025/ND-CP dated February 25, 2025 defining the
functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of
Agriculture and Environment;
At the request of the
Director General of Vietnam Environment Agency, the Director General of the
Department of Science and Technology;
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Article 1. Promulgated together
with this Circular is National technical regulation on waste incinerator (QCVN
30:2025/BNNMT).
Article 2. Effect
1. This Circular comes
into force from February 09, 2026.
2. The Circular No.
27/2012/TT-BTNMT dated December 28, 2021 of the Minister of Natural Resources
and Environment prescribing National technical
regulations on environment and Circular No. 03/2016/TT-BTNMT dated March
10, 2016 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment promulgating
National technical regulations on environment shall cease to have effect from
the effective date of this Circular, except the case specified in Article 3 of
this Circular.
Article 3. Transitional
clauses
1. If an establishment
that has been put into operation or ongoing investment project (including
investment project which has been issued with the decision on approval of
result of environmental impact assessment report appraisal or of which a
sufficient and valid application for appraisal of environmental impact assessment
report and issuance of environmental license has been received by the competent
authority before the effective date of this Circular) has a medical waste
incinerator, industrial waste incinerator or domestic solid waste incinerator,
it may continue to apply the technical regulations and regulations on operation
and supervision laid down in corresponding national technical regulations:
National technical regulation on medical waste incinerator (QCVN
02:2012/BTNMT), National technical regulation on industrial waste incinerator
(QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT), National technical
regulation on domestic solid waste incinerator(QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT) until
December 31, 2031.
2. The establishment
that has been put into operation or ongoing investment project specified in clause
1 of this Article shall apply the permissible limits of pollution parameters in
waste incinerator flue gas as prescribed in Circular No. 45/2024/TT-BTNMT dated
December 30, 2024 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment
promulgating the National technical regulation on industrial emission.
3. Any project or
establishment issued by the competent authority with the environmental license
or component environmental license that covers the treatment of hazardous waste
that contains organic halogen compounds with the symbol “NH” (on the
List of hazardous waste, industrial waste subject to control and normal
industrial solid waste promulgated together with Circular No. 02/2022/TT-BTNMT
dated January 10, 2022 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment elaborating
a number of Articles of the Law on Environmental Protection) in waste
incinerators before the effective date of this Circular may continue to treat
such waste until the expiry of the environmental license or component
environmental license.
Article 4. Roadmap for
application
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2. As of January 01,
2032, the entities specified in clause 1 Article 3 of this Circular shall
comply with the requirements specified under QCVN 30:2025/BNNMT.
3. Establishments that
have been put into operation and ongoing investment projects are encouraged to
apply the regulations set out under QCVN 30:2025/BNNMT from the effective date
of this Circular.
Article 5. Organizing
implementation
1. Ministries,
ministerial agencies, People’s Committees at all levels, Departments of
Agriculture and Environment of provinces and central-affiliated cities, and
organizations and individuals concerned are responsible for the implementation
of this Circular.
2. Difficulties that
arise during the implementation of this Circular should be promptly reported in
writing to the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment for consideration and
resolution./.
PP. THE MINISTER
THE DEPUTY MINISTER
Le Cong Thanh
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NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON WASTE
INCINERATOR
Foreword
QCVN 30:2025/BNNMT is prepared by Vietnam
Environment Agency, submitted by the Department of Science and Technology for
approval; appraised by the Ministry of Science and Technology and promulgated together
with the Circular No. 45/2025/TT-BNNMT dated August 06, 2025 of the Minister of
Agriculture and Environment.
QCVN 30:2025/BNNMT supersedes the following
technical regulations:
- QCVN 02:2012/BTNMT -
National technical regulation on medical waste incinerator.
- QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT -
National technical regulation on industrial waste incinerator.
- QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT
- National technical regulation on domestic solid waste incinerator.
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1. GENERAL
1.1. Scope
1.1.1. This Regulation
provides for technical requirements for waste incinerators.
1.1.2. This Regulation
does not provide for co-processing of waste in cement kilns and waste treatment by gasification.
1.2. Regulated entities
This Regulation applies
to state agencies; organizations and individuals involved in the design,
construction, installation and use of waste incinerators within the territory
of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
1.3. Definitions
For the purposes of this
document, the terms below shall be construed as follows:
1.3.1. “waste
incinerator” refers to a system, work or piece of equipment which is used
for treatment of waste by burning and equipped with flue gas treatment system,
including domestic solid waste incinerator and medical waste incinerator.
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1.3.2.1. “primary
combustion chamber” means a space where heat is used to convert waste
into gaseous and solid products (ash, slag, dust);
1.3.2.2. “secondary
combustion chamber” means a space where combustible and toxic
components of gas streams leaving the primary combustion chamber are combusted
at high temperature.
1.3.3. “gas residence
time” means the length of time that the gas stream moves from
the entry point to the exit point of the secondary combustion chamber at the
temperature prescribed in the Table 1 of this Regulation.
1.3.4. “ash or slag”
refers to residual solid materials from the waste combustion process in the
primary combustion chamber.
1.3.5. “fly ash”
means a solid waste obtained from the flue gas treatment system.
1.3.6. “Loss on
Ignition (LOI))” means the percentage of mass of ash or slag lost after
being ignited at a high temperature in the presence of excess oxygen.
1.3.7. “incinerator capacity” means
the handling ability of a waste incinerator, is calculated by the maximum mass
of waste that the incinerator can process under stable operating condition and
expressed in unit of time. The incinerator capacity is expressed in kg/hour, tonne/hour,
tonne/day, or kg/day.
1.3.8. “NH”
means the abbreviation for hazardous waste on the List of hazardous waste,
industrial waste subject to control and normal industrial solid waste promulgated
together with Circular No. 02/2022/TT-BTNMT dated January 10, 2022 of the
Minister of Natural Resources and Environment elaborating a number of Articles
of the Law on Environmental Protection.
2. TECHNICAL REGULATIONS
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2.1.1. General requirements
for waste incinerators
2.1.1.1. Waste must be
combusted according to the principle of multiple-level combustion and there
must be at least a primary combustion chamber and secondary combustion chamber.
2.1.1.2. At least 01
(one) auxiliary burner must be installed in each combustion to be used during
start-up or shutdown of the incinerator and the temperature in the combustion
chambers must meet the values specified in Table 1 of this Regulation; the
auxiliary burner must be equipped with an automatic ignition function that
activates when the temperature in the combustion chamber falls below the values
specified in Table 1 of this Regulation..
2.1.1.3. Pressure in the
incinerator must be lower than external pressure (also known as negative
pressure) to prevent flue gas in the incinerator from
escaping into the air through the waste feeding door.
2.1.1.4. The flue gas
temperature must be decreased to make sure that the temperature of the flue gas
stream immediately after the cooling and heat recovery stage meets the values
specified in Table 1 of this Regulation.
2.1.1.5. There must be a
flue gas treatment system comprising the following main stages: cooling; dust
removal; handling of hazardous components in flue gas (especially dioxins and
furans). The above-mentioned stages may be designed and installed separately in
individual piece of equipment or combined in one or more pieces of equipment. For
a waste incinerator with combined energy recovery (electricity generation or
other purposes), the flue gas treatment system must include an adsorption stage
using activated carbon (or other adsorbents with equivalent or superior
properties).
2.1.1.6. Temperature meter
and indicator must be installed in the primary combustion chamber (if any),
secondary combustion chamber and in the position immediately after the cooling
and heat recovery stage.
2.1.1.7. Equipment or an
observation window (with a minimum diameter or dimension of 05 cm per side)
must be installed to facilitate the observation and monitoring of the combustion
chamber inside, and must be designed in such a manner as to prevent the
dispersion of ash during ash removal.
2.1.1.8. In cases where gaseous
waste is burned (e.g., refrigerants removed from refrigerating equipment and
air conditioning equipment), equipment must be installed to directly feed gas
into the combustion chamber and measures should be in place to prevent the
possibility of flue gas leak.
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2.1.1.10. It is not
allowed to use the air outside the incinerator to dilute the flue gas from
the exit point of the secondary combustion chamber (except for special cases,
but the point where the outside air is used must be behind the dust or flue gas
monitoring point).
2.1.1.11. The height and
structure of the waste incinerator’s flue gas stack must be such as to disperse
flue gas into the air. The height of the waste incinerator’s tack shall be
determined during the appraisal of the environmental impact assessment report
and the issuance of the environmental license.
2.1.2. Specific
requirements for waste incinerators
2.1.2.1. An incinerator
must meet basic specifications provided in Table 1 of this Regulation.
Table 1. Basic specifications of a waste
incinerator
No.
Specifications
Unit
Required value
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(2)
(3)
(4)
1
Capacity
1.1
Industrial
waste incinerator
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≥ 500
1.2
Domestic
solid waste incinerator
kg/hour
≥ 500
1.3
Medical
waste incinerator
kg/hour
≥ 200
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Primary
combustion chamber temperature
2.1
Industrial
waste incinerator
°C
≥ 400
2.2
Domestic
solid waste incinerator
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≥ 400
2.3
Medical
waste incinerator
°C
≥ 400
3
Secondary
combustion chamber temperature
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Domestic
solid waste incinerator
°C
≥ 850
3.2
Industrial
waste incinerator
3.2.1
Combustion
of normal industrial solid waste
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≥ 850
3.2.2
Combustion
of hazardous waste in a case other than that specified in 3.2.3 of this
Table, not including waste specified in 2.2.1 of this Regulation
°C
≥ 1.050
3.2.3
Combustion
of hazardous waste that contains organic halogen compounds with the symbol
“NH”; not including waste specified in 2.2.1 of this Regulation
°C
≥ 1.100
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Medical
waste incinerator
°C
≥ 1.050
4
Residence
time of gas in secondary combustion chamber
second
≥ 2
5
Temperature
of flue gas stream immediately after the cooling and heat recovery stage
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≤ 300
6
Flue
gas temperature measured on the stack body
°C
≤ 180
7
LOI of
ash and slag (not applicable to waste co-processing)
%
≤ 10
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2.1.2.3. In case a
boiler is used to co-process normal industrial solid waste, its temperature
must be the same as that of the secondary combustion chamber of the normal industrial
solid waste incinerator specified in Table 1 of this Regulation.
2.1.2.4. Mechanical
equipment must be assembled to intake, mix and blend waste in the primary
combustion chamber (except special technologies) and a mechanical system
for removing ash and slag must be installed to ensure that the waste
incinerator operates continuously without interruption (except for medical
waste incinerators).
2.1.2.5. Technical
measures must be in place to promptly reduce the temperature when the
temperature in the combustion chambers increases suddenly or abnormally or are
involved in an incident.
2.1.2.6. In waste
storage, pre-treatment and feeding areas of a waste incinerator, there must be
equipment and measures to collect, treat and prevent the dispersion of odors. For
an incinerator with a capacity of 100 tonne/day or more, there must be a closed
warehouse for storing domestic solid waste, facilitating the collection and
treatment of odors and leachate generated.
2.1.2.7. For
incinerators located in mountainous areas, border areas, islands, remote and
isolated areas, ethnic minority areas, extremely disadvantaged areas and at
facilities classified as state secrets concerning national security and defense
in accordance with law, the regulation on capacity specified in Table 1 of this
Regulation is not required to be complied with.
2.2. Requirements for type
of waste to be treated in each type of waste incinerator
2.2.1. The following
types of waste must not be burned: radioactive waste; waste hydraulic oil
containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), and insulating or heat
transmission oils containing PCBs (waste code: 17 01 01 and 17 03 01); expired,
leftover, or waste agricultural chemicals containing organic halogen compounds
(waste code: 14 01 07); hazardous waste containing mercury, lead, or cadmium with
the symbol “NH”.
2.2.2. Waste must be
closely controlled before being fed into the waste incinerator so as not to
influence its normal operation. Requirements for type of waste to be treated in
each type of waste incinerator:
2.2.2.1. Domestic solid
waste incinerators and industrial waste incinerators specified in this
Regulation may incinerate domestic solid waste and normal industrial solid
waste either separately or together.
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2.2.2.3. Domestic solid
waste incinerators, industrial waste incinerators and medical waste
incinerators may incinerate hazardous waste prescribed in 3.2.2 in Table 1 of
this Regulation provided that the temperature in their secondary combustion
chamber is greater than or equal to 1050 °C.
2.2.2.3. Domestic solid
waste incinerators, industrial waste incinerators and medical waste
incinerators may incinerate hazardous waste prescribed in 3.2.3 in Table 1 of
this Regulation provided that the temperature in their secondary combustion
chamber is greater than or equal to 1.100 °C.
2.3. Requirements for
operation of waste incinerators
2.3.1. During its normal
operation, a waste incinerator must operate in accordance with the operating
procedure specified in 2.3.2 of this Regulation and meet the basic
specifications set out in Table 1 of this Regulation.
2.3.2. A procedure for
safe operation of waste incinerator must be established and complied with. The
procedure shall comprise at least the following steps and details:
2.3.2.1. A waste
incinerator must be started according to the following steps:
a) Step 1: Start the flue
gas treatment system.
b) Step 2: Start and
heat all combustion chambers at their corresponding temperature prescribed in
Table 1 of this Regulation. For an industrial waste incinerator, only feed some
types of non-hazardous waste with high heating value (like biomass waste) to
replace or add traditional fuel after traditional fuel is used to heat the
combustion chambers.
c) Step 3: Feed waste
into the waste incinerator; gradually increase the weight of waste until design
capacity is reached. Do not operate the waste incinerator beyond its capacity.
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- Temperature in the
secondary combustion chamber is lower than the temperature prescribed in Table
1 of this Regulation.
- The results of
automatic and continuous dust and flue gas monitoring (if installation is
required according to regulations) exceed those specified under the National
technical regulation on industrial emission.
- The flue gas treatment
system is not working or experiences an abnormal incident in any stage of the
flue gas treatment system.
2.3.2.2. Operation of a
waste incinerator must end according to the following steps:
a) Step 1: Stop feeding
waste.
b) Step 2: The combustion supporting system is started to ensure that the
remaining waste is completely combusted and to maintain the corresponding
temperature in the combustion chambers as specified in Table 1 of this
Regulation.
c) Step 3: When waste is
completely combusted, stop the combustion supporting system.
d) Step 4: Stop the flue
gas treatment system.
2.3.3. A log of operation of waste
incinerator should be kept and record at least the following information by
operation shift: Time of operation and name of operator; type and quantity of
waste fed; temperature at locations where temperature meter and indicator are
installed; unusual phenomena and incidents (if any), causes and remedies. The
operation log must be written in Vietnamese and retained for at least 02 (two)
years.
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3. DETERMINATION METHODS
3.1. The volume of the
primary combustion chamber (if any), secondary combustion chamber, capacity,
and gas residence time of the waste incinerator are calculated according to the
formula specified in the Appendix to this Regulation or according to the
explanatory note and calculation of the organization or individual designing,
constructing, and installing the waste incinerator.
3.2. Primary combustion chamber,
secondary combustion chamber, location of temperature meter (of primary and
secondary combustion chambers) and gas residence time are calculated, explained
and proven using technical specifications. The temperature meter of the primary
combustion chamber is installed in the middle of the primary combustion zone; the
temperature meter of the secondary combustion chamber must be installed in the
final position of the secondary combustion chamber.
3.3. LOI of ash and slag
shall be determined by ASTM D7348-21 or BS EN 15935:2021.
3.4. Temperature in the
primary combustion chamber (if any), temperature in the secondary combustion
chamber and in the position immediately after the cooling and heat recovery
stage shall be measured using temperature meter and indicator.
4. MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS
4.1. The permissible
limits of pollution parameters in flue gas of a waste incinerator must meet the
requirements set out under QCVN 19:2024/BTNMT - National technical regulation
on industrial emission (promulgated together with Circular No. 45/2024/TT-BTNMT
dated December 30, 2024 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment
promulgating the National technical regulation on industrial emission);
permissible limits of pollution parameters in flue gas of a boiler for
co-processing of normal industrial solid waste must meet the same requirements
as those for a waste incinerator. Secondary waste generated (ash, slag, fly
ash, sludge and other wastes) must be managed in accordance with regulations on waste management.
4.2. The gas mixture obtained from the waste gasification process
(including: gasification, pyrolysis, plasma and similar technology), if combusted,
the limits of the pollution parameters in flue gas after combustion are the
same as those applicable to flue gas of a waste incinerator, unless it has been
treated and cleaned and the limits of the pollution parameters in flue gas
after combustion are equivalent to the limits of the pollution parameters
generated when burning natural gas.
4.3. The temperature
meter and indicator at the outlet gas position of the primary combustion
chamber (if any) and the secondary combustion chamber and the position
immediately after the cooling and heat recovery stages must be periodically
inspected and calibrated as per the law on measurement at least once a year.
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4.5. The monitoring and
analysis of LOI shall be carried out by an organization granted the Certificate
of eligibility to provide environmental monitoring services or Certificate of
registration of testing services as prescribed by law.
4.6. An investment
project that has a new and specific technology or piece of equipment for waste
incineration whose basic technical specifications are different from those
specified in or are not specified in Table 1 of this Regulation shall apply the
waste incinerator regulations of the European Union or one of the countries in
the Group of Seven (G7) or apply the best available techniques according to the
guidance of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment.
4.7. A waste incinerator
is put into operation only after the project or establishment has been granted
an environmental license in accordance with the law on environmental
protection.
5. RESPONSIBILITIES OF
ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS
5.1. The investment
project or establish owner which has a waste incinerator shall make calculation
and provide explanation to prove their ability to meet the requirements set
forth in 2.1 of this Regulation in their application for appraisal of
environmental impact assessment report and application for issuance, adjustment
or re-issuance of environmental license.
5.1. The owner of the
investment project or establishment that has a waste incinerator as specified
in 2.1.2.2 and 4.6 of this Regulations shall make calculation and provide
explanation to prove their ability to meet the requirements in their application
for appraisal of environmental impact assessment report and application for
issuance, adjustment or re-issuance of environmental license.
5.3. Organizations and
individuals shall make calculation, provide explanation and proof as specified
in 2.1 of this Regulation using technical specifications in their documents and
as-built drawings themselves and take responsibility as prescribed by law.
5.4. Every owner of the
investment project or establishment that has a waste incinerator shall operate
their waste incinerator as specified in 2.3 of this Regulation and be
responsible for ensuring that treated flue gas of the waste incinerator meets
the requirements set out under QCVN 19:2024/BTNMT - National technical regulation
on industrial emission.
6. ORGANIZING
IMPLEMENTATION
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6.2. In the cases where any
of the documents and regulations referred to in this document is amended or
replaced, the newest one shall apply./.
APPENDIX
GUIDANCE ON CALCULATION
OF VALUES OF CERTAIN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF WASTE INCINERATORS
1. Calculation of volume
of primary combustion chamber (if any)
Volume of the primary
combustion chamber is calculated by adopting the following formula:
Where:
- Vsc: Volume
of the primary combustion chamber (m3);
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- Q: Low heating value
of waste (kcal/kg), where:
+ The heating value of
domestic waste classified as waste of 30% moisture content shall be 1,200
kcal/kg - 1,700 kcal/kg);
+ The heating value of
industrial waste shall be 2,800 kcal/kg - 4,000 kcal/kg;
- q: Volumetric heat
density of combustion chamber (kcal/m3h), where:
+ The volumetric heat
density of the combustion chamber of a continuously operated domestic waste
incinerator shall be at least 100,000 kcal/m3h;
+ The volumetric heat
density of industrial waste shall be 150,000 kcal/m3h.
2. Calculation of volume
of secondary combustion chamber
Volume of the secondary
combustion chamber is calculated by adopting the following formula:
Vtc = ttk x Q
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- Vtc: Volume
of the secondary combustion chamber (m3);
- ttk: Design
gas residence time (≥ 2s);
- Q: The volumetric air flow
in the secondary combustion chamber (m3/s).
3. Calculation of actual
capacity of waste incinerator
Actual capacity of a
waste incinerator may be different from its design capacity and change depending
on characteristics of each type of waste fed into the waste incinerator. Actual
design is calculated by adopting the following formula:
3.1. In case of
availability of heating value of waste
In case of availability
of heating value of waste, actual capacity (S) of the waste incinerator shall
be calculated by adopting the following formula:
Where:
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- Vsc: Volume
of the primary combustion chamber (m3);
- q: Volumetric heat
density of combustion chamber (kcal/m3h);
- Q: Actual (low)
heating value of each type of waste (kcal/kg).
3.2. Calculation based
on operating status of waste incinerator
Amount of waste fed into
the waste incinerator shall be supervised and adjusted until the waste
incinerator operates stably and meet the specifications prescribed in Table 1
and Table 2 of this Regulation and waste is completely combusted in the waste
incinerator over a specific length of time (e.g. 24 hours) which is sufficient
to obtain a reliable result.
4. Calculation of actual
gas residence time
In case of
unavailability of measurement method with high accuracy such as measurement of
moving time of materials (particulate matters) indicated in the secondary
combustion chamber, actual gas residence time of waste incinerator shall be
calculated by adopting the following formula:
Where:
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- Vtc: Actual
volume of the secondary combustion chamber (m3);
- Q: The volumetric air
flow in the secondary combustion chamber (m3/s). Q may be calculated based on
the flow of the exhaust fan behind the secondary
combustion chamber or extrapolated based on the flow of the flue gas measured
at the sampling porthole on the stack (if actually measured).