MINISTRY OF
HEALTH
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|
SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No. 4782/QD-BYT
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Hanoi,
November 18, 2020
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DECISION
PROMULGATING CRITERIA FRAMEWORK FOR EPIDEMIC RISK ASSESSMENT
MINISTER OF HEALTH
Pursuant to the Law on Prevention and Control
of Infectious Diseases dated November 21, 2007;
Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No.
75/2017/ND-CP dated June 20, 2017 on functions, duties, powers and
organizational structure of the Ministry of Health;
Pursuant to Plan No. 1103/KH-BYT dated
17/7/2020 by the Ministry of Health on development of criteria framework for
epidemic risk assessment;
At the request of the General Director of
Health Environment Management Agency, Ministry of Health,
HEREBY DECIDES:
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Article 2. The criteria framework for epidemic risk assessment shall
provide the basis for formulation of risk assessment criteria for each infectious
disease.
Article 3. General Department of Preventive Medicine shall take charge
and cooperate with Health Environment Management Agency, regulatory
bodies/institutes/schools affiliated to the Ministry of Health and relevant
units and organizations in formulating risk assessment criteria for some common
and dangerous infectious diseases.
Article 4. This Decision takes effect from the date on which it is
signed.
Article 5. Head of Office of the Ministry of Health, General Director
of Health Environment Management Agency, General Director of General Department
of Preventive Medicine; heads of affiliates of the Ministry of Health; heads of
Institutes of Hygiene and Epidemiology and Pasteur Institutes; Directors of
Departments of Health; heads of health units of other Ministries and central
authorities; and heads of relevant units shall implement this Decision./.
P.P. THE
MINISTER
THE DEPUTY MINISTER
Do Xuan Tuyen
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(Promulgated
together with Decision No. 4782/QD-BYT dated November 18, 2020 by Ministry of
Health)
I. Criteria framework for
assessment
No.
Name of
criterion
Definition
Measuring
method
Data source
Remark
I
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I.A
Prevalence among
humans
1
Average number of cases per 100.000 people in
the past 1 year or 5 years.
Number of active cases in the past 1 year or 5
years per 100.000 people living in the commune.
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- Infectious disease surveillance data
reported according to Circular No. 54/2015/TT-BYT.
- Annual medical statistics.
- Health station.
- Other surveillance data sources (if any).
The health station of the commune shall
collect data according to Circular No. 54/2015/TT-BYT from the district-level
healthcare establishment.
2
Number of reported cases or detected carriers
in the past 1 year or 3 years or 5 years in the commune.
(Applicable to very rare diseases such as
diphtheria, whose prevalence is under 0,01/100.000 people).
Number of reported cases or detected carriers
in the past 1 year or 3 years or 5 years in the commune.
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- Infectious disease surveillance data
reported according to Circular No. 54/2015/TT-BYT.
- Annual medical statistics.
- Health station.
- Other surveillance data sources (if any).
Select a 1-year/3-year/5-year time frame as
appropriate to each disease’s characteristics.
3
Number of reported cases or detected carriers
in the past 1-5 years in adjacent areas.
(Applicable to very rare diseases (such as
diphtheria) or diseases recently brought to Vietnam (such as COVID-19)).
Number of reported cases or detected carriers
in the past 1-5 years in adjacent areas. (adjacent communes of
the same district, a different district or a different province that are
adjacent to, have regular contact with or are involved in economic, cultural,
religious, ethnic, etc. exchange with the commune in question).
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- Infectious disease surveillance data
reported according to Circular No. 54/2015/TT-BYT.
- Annual medical statistics.
- Health station.
- Other surveillance data sources (if any).
As it is difficult to obtain full information
on number of cases in other communes, this criterion is only applicable to
rare diseases (such as diphtheria) or diseases recently brought to Vietnam
(such as COVID-19).
4
Does an epidemic break out in the commune on
an annual basis?
An epidemic breaks out in the commune on an
annual basis or every 2-5 years.
Yes/No
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- Local surveillance data (if any).
- May be based off local epidemic reports.
- The criteria for each disease shall provide
for number of cases constituting an epidemic.
5
Change to pathogens (number of subtypes,
genotypes, mutation of hereditary characteristics, etc.)
Distribution of genotypes, subtypes, pathogen
mutations related to transmission potential and virulence.
Yes/No; Existing subtype(s)
- Surveillance data.
- Data from research units.
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I.B
Prevalence in
animals and the environment
6
Is the disease prevalent in animals in the
commune?
The disease is found in animals in the commune
in the past 5 years.
Yes/No
Data from regular surveillance, focused
surveillance and research by the district-level veterinary medicine
authority.
If the commune has no veterinary official,
collect data from the district-level agriculture authority.
7
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Ratio of vaccinated animals to total number of
animals in the commune reported.
(Number of vaccinated animals/ total number of
animals in the commune at the time of data collection) x 100%.
Data reported by the district-level veterinary
medicine authority.
8
Are the pathogens present in the locality?
Presence of pathogens in the soil, water,
food, feces, wastewater, etc. in the past 5 years.
Yes/No
Data from annual surveillance, focused
surveillance and research by veterinary medicine authorities.
- Healthcare
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Herd immunity
9
Vaccination coverage
- Vaccination coverage >=90%
- Vaccination coverage 70- <90%
- Vaccination coverage 50% - < 70%
- Vaccination coverage less than 50%
- Vaccination coverage of a village being less
than 30%
Vaccination coverage is the percentage of
at-risk people who live in the commune and have received enough doses.
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- Data from vaccination reports (Expanded
Program on Immunization, vaccination paid out of pocket and vaccination for
epidemic prevention).
10
An epidemic in the commune in the past 1-2
years infected many and resulted in high herd immunity.
An epidemic in the commune in the past 1-2
years infected many and resulted in high herd immunity.
Yes/No; Infection rate; Serology testing.
Annual surveillance data and data on serology
testing from research units.
I.D
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11
Indicators for vector presence and density.
Presence and density of vectors such as
mosquitoes, fleas and other vectors.
Formulas for calculation of presence and
density of each disease’s vectors.
Surveillance data of the locality or a higher
level authority.
Example for dengue fever: percentage of houses
infested with Aedes larvae and/or pupae; percentage of
water-holding containers infested with Aedes larvae or pupae;
12
Other risk factors (contact with poultry,
animal husbandry, consumption of raw blood pudding, fish salads and tap
water, containing rain water in jars, etc.).
People’s behaviors and factors increasing the
infection risk.
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Surveillance data or local reports.
Behaviors and customs of local people. Choose
this criterion if it is suitable for the disease.
II
Natural features and
socio - economic characteristics
II.A
Climate features
1
Average monthly rainfall (mm).
Average monthly rainfall (mm) in the locality.
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Hydrometeorology station of the province/city
and other data sources.
Some infectious diseases are related to
climate and weather conditions. Collect average data of the province/city
from the hydrometeorology station through the province’s CDC.
2
Average monthly temperature (oC)
Average monthly temperature (oC) in
the locality.
Average monthly temperature (oC).
Hydrometeorology station of the province/city
and other data sources.
3
Number of heat waves in a year.
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Number of waves.
Hydrometeorology station of the province/city
and other data sources.
4
Number of days with rainfall greater than
100mm in a year.
Number of days with great rainfall (measurable
rainfall >100mm/24h) recorded in a year.
Number of days.
Hydrometeorology station of the province/city
and other data sources.
5
Natural and manmade disasters occurring in the
commune last year.
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Yes/No; Number of times; Intensity; Affected
areas;
Department of Agriculture and Rural
Development (provincial steering committee for natural disaster prevention,
search and rescue), hydrometeorology station of the province/city and other
data sources.
II.B
Geographical
features and urbanization level
6
- Class I city
- Class II city
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- Class IV city
- Class V city
- Rural area
- Mountainous area
- Class I city
- Class II city
- Class III city
- Class IV city
- Class V city
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- Mountainous area
According to the Government’s regulations.
Urbanization level and city class are related
to the outbreak of some infectious diseases such as dengue fever.
II.C
Socio-economic
characteristics
7
Population density of the commune.
Population density of the commune expressed as
people/km2.
Total population of the commune/ land area of
the commune in km2.
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8
Poverty rate
Percentage of poor households in the commune
assessed according to regulations in Clause 1 Article 2 of Circular No.
17/2016/TT-BLDTBXH.
(Total number of poor households / total
number of households in the commune) x 100%.
The People’s Committee of the commune and
other sources.
9
Main jobs of people living in the commune
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Main jobs of people living in the commune:
employeeOfficial/Public
Agriculture
Aquaculture
Forestry
productionCrop
Service
Tourism
processingFood
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The People’s Committee of the commune and
other sources.
Some infectious diseases are related to
occupational characteristics. E.g., crop production is linked to dengue
fever.
II.D
Hygiene practice and
habits facilitating disease development
10
Knowledge, attitude and practice concerning
epidemic prevention of people living in the commune.
Knowledge, attitude and practice concerning
epidemic prevention of people living in the commune (based on qualitative or
quantitative survey by health officials).
Employ linear numeric scale or 3, 4 or 5-point
scale for qualitative assessment.
Quick survey of 100 target respondents/
households or qualitative assessment by local health officials.
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11
Percentage of households using clean water
Percentage of households using water
satisfying the Ministry of Health’s or local regulations.
(Number of households using qualified water/
Total number of households in the commune) x 100
- The People’s Committee of the commune
- Health station and other sources.
12
Percentage of households using latrines
meeting hygienic conditions.
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(Number of households using qualified
latrines/ Total number of households in the commune) x 100%
- The People’s Committee of the commune
- Health station and other sources.
13
Proportion of people washing their hands with
soap and clean water frequently and properly
Proportion of people washing their hands with
soap and clean water frequently and properly when necessary (before eating,
after using the toilet and before food preparation)
Number of people washing their hands with soap
and clean water frequently and properly when necessary (before eating, after
using the toilet and before food preparation)/ total number of survey
respondents
Health station shall conduct a quick survey
with a random sample of at least 100 people in the commune.
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14
Proportion of people frequently wearing face
masks.
Proportion of people frequently wearing face
masks in public.
Number of people frequently wearing face masks
in public/ total number of survey respondents
Health station shall conduct a quick survey
with a random sample of at least 100 people in the commune.
II.DD
Business conditions
and mass gathering
15
Border checkpoints, airports, seaports
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Yes/No
According to local information
Criteria concerning business conditions and
mass gathering are usually crucial for emerging infectious diseases the
vaccines for which are not yet available such as COVID-19.
Border crossing points
According to existing regulations.
Yes/No
According to local information
Tourist attractions
According to existing regulations.
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According to local information
Large spiritual centers and ranked monuments,
etc.
According to existing regulations.
Yes/No
According to local information
Industrial parks, universities, colleges,
wholesale markets
According to existing regulations.
Yes/No
According to local information
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According to existing regulations.
Yes/No
According to local information
Other crowded places
According to existing regulations.
Yes/No
According to local information
III
Capacity for
requirement satisfaction and direction of local government
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Have a steering committee for prevention and
control of human infectious disease outbreaks
Decision on establishment of a steering
committee for prevention and control of human infectious disease outbreaks
Yes, regular operation (once a month)
Yes, irregular operation No
Provided by the People’s Committee of the
commune.
2
Have a commune-level epidemic prevention and
control plan
Approved plan
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Have a plan but perform only some tasks
Have no plan/have an unlaunched plan
Provided by the People’s Committee of the
commune.
3
Participation in epidemic prevention and
control of local government, regulatory bodies and mass organizations
(veterinary authority, farmers’ union, women’s union, veterans association,
association of the elderly, youth union, village head, etc.)
Participation of local government, regulatory
bodies and mass organizations in epidemic prevention and control
Local government and at least 2 regulatory
bodies cooperate with the healthcare sector and perform satisfactorily.
Local government and 0-1 regulatory body
cooperate with the healthcare sector/perform unsatisfactorily.
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Provided by the People’s Committee of the
commune.
4
A proactive epidemic prevention program/
project is being launched in the commune.
There is a program/ project for proactive
prevention of the disease in question.
Yes/No
Health station and other sources.
5
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Capacity for surveillance at border
checkpoints, in healthcare facilities and in communities; capacity for
sampling for pathogen testing; capacity for epidemic hotspot investigation
and handling; capacity for vector surveillance and identification, etc.
- There are sufficient trained and qualified
officials and/or support from provincial CDC.
-There are sufficient officials but they are
not qualified due to lack of adequate training.
-There are insufficient officials, these
officials have not received adequate training, there is no support from
provincial CDC.
Reports, surveillance data and other sources
Assess sufficiency of officials for epidemic
hotspot surveillance and handling based on the disease, characteristics of
the locality and qualitative assessment of local officials.
6
Is there training in infection prevention and
control in healthcare facilities?
Provision of training in measures for
infection prevention and control in healthcare facilities to officials
(according to Circular No. 16/2019/TT-BYT and Decision No. 468/QD-BYT by the
Ministry of Health)
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- Inadequate training
- No training
Reports, surveillance data and other sources
7
Is there risk and epidemic prevention
communication?
Are there adequate communication media,
documents, human resources and funding for risk and epidemic prevention
communication?
- There are adequate equipment, documents,
human resources and funding (high radio network coverage, village healthcare
workers/ collaborators establish communication directly, via text
messages, etc. with >60% households).
- Equipment, documents, human resources and
funding are inadequate; coverage of radio network/ direct communication at
households is low (approximately 30-60%).
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Reports, surveillance data and other sources
8
Funding for epidemic prevention and control of
the locality
Funding is allocated for epidemic prevention
and control on an annual and ad hoc basis.
- Sufficient funding is solely allocated for
proactive epidemic prevention and control.
- Funding for main activities of epidemic
prevention and control is available but proposed for approval only upon
epidemic occurrence.
- No funding is available.
The People’s Committee of the commune and
other sources.
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9
Access to healthcare facilities
Distance from the furthest village of the
commune to the nearest healthcare facility (health station, hospital, health
center)
<3 km
3-15 km
>15 km
Health station
According to Decision No. 4667/QD-BYT dated
7/11/2014 by the Ministry of Health
10
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Number of doctors per 10.000 people
Number of doctors per 10.000 people
Health station
11
Number of health officials of health station
per 10.000 people
Number of health officials of health station
per 10.000 people
Number of health officials of health station
per 10.000 people
Health station
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II. Guidance on application
of criteria framework for epidemic risk assessment
1. The criteria framework shall serve as the
basis for the specific criteria of each infectious disease, which are developed
by selecting the criteria that are important, distinctive and influential in
the outbreak of an epidemic.
2. Criteria of the criteria framework may be
elaborated to facilitate development of specific criteria for each disease.
3. When formulating specific criteria for each
disease, identify the main criteria that are decisive to the development and
transmission of that disease.
4. The criteria for each disease shall consist
of a main criteria group and a related criteria group.
- The main criteria group comprises of the most
important criteria that directly influence the outbreak of an epidemic.
Depending of the characteristics of each disease, these indicators shall be
selected from the criteria concerning epidemiological characteristics of the
criteria framework.
- The related criteria group is composed of the
criteria that directly and fundamentally influence the outbreak of an epidemic
and determine the risk level of each locality.
5. The criteria framework does not include
scoring. Scoring shall be added to the criteria for each specific disease.
- The scores of both criteria groups shall not
cancel each other out; the score of the main criteria group shall account for
at least 70/100 of total score.
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- The scoring rubrics shall be formulated based
on the level of importance and direct influence that each criterion has in the
outbreak of an epidemic and require expert opinions as well as empirical and
surveillance and research-based evidence.
6. There are 3 levels of risk determined based
on scoring:
- High risk
- At risk
- Low risk
7. Criteria users include steering committees
for epidemic prevention and control/ people’s healthcare committees at district
and commune levels.
8. Scope:
- Districts and communes.
- Annual or ad hoc assessment of epidemic risk
in districts and communes.