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MINISTRY
OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independent - Freedom – Happiness
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No.:
47/2011/TT-BNNPTNT
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Hanoi,
June 29, 2011
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CIRCULAR
GUIDING IMPLEMENTATION FOR PILOT AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE IN
FARMING, LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY, AQUACULTURE UNDER THE DECISION NO.315/QD-TTG
DATED MARCH 01, 2011 BY THE PRIME MINISTER
Pursuant to the Decree No.01/2008/ND-CP
dated January 03, 2008 of the Government regulating functions, duties, powers
and organizational structure of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development;
the Decree No.75/2009/ND-CP dated September 10, 2009 of the Government amending
Article 3 of the Decree No.01/2008/ND-CP dated January 03, 2008;
Pursuant to the Decision
No.315/QD-TTg dated March 01, 2011 by the Prime Minister on the implementation
of pilot agricultural insurance of the phase from 2011 to 2013;
The Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development guides the implementation of pilot agricultural insurance
in farming, livestock husbandry, aquaculture under the Decision No.315/QD-TTg
dated March 01, 2011 of the Prime Minister as follows:
Chapter 1.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1. Scope of governing and application subjects
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This Circular
guides the provisions at Clause 5, Article 1 of the Decision No.315/QD-TTg
dated March 01, 2011 by the Prime Minister on the criteria, scale of production
and manufacturing processes; regulates types of natural disasters, epidemic
diseases and determines the extent of damage to the rice; breeding cattle
(meat, plowing, reproduction) and dairy cows; pigs (meat, sows, boars);
chickens, ducks (laying, meat), aquaculture (cat fish, shrimp, white shrimp)
which were selected to participate in the implementation of pilot agricultural
insurance in the period of 2011-2013 in 20 provinces and cities directly under
the Central Government ( hereinafter referred to as provinces).
2. Subjects
of application
a) The
subjects who are supported insurance pilot:
Households of
farmers, fishermen, ranchers, cooperative team, cooperatives, enterprises and
other organizations and individuals producing agriculture, fisheries
(hereinafter referred to as producers) participating in pilot agricultural
insurance of the phase of 2011 - 2013 under clause 2, Article 1 of the Decision
No.315/QD-TTg dated March 01, 2011 by the Prime Minister.
b) The
objects to be covered and areas piloting insurance:
- To implement
insurance for the rice in Nam Dinh, Thai Binh and Nghe An, Ha Tinh and Binh
Thuan, An Giang, Dong Thap;
- To
implement insurance for livestock husbandry: Pigs (meat, sows, boars) in Hanoi,
Vinh Phuc and Hai Phong, Bac Ninh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong,
Dong Nai; Chicken (Meat, laying) in Bac Ninh, Hai Phong, Vinh Phuc, Dong Nai;
Duck (meat, laying) in Bac Ninh, Hai Phong, Dong Nai; bull, cow (meat, plowing,
reproduction) in Vinh Phuc, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Binh Dinh, Dong Nai; Dairy cow
in Hanoi, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong, Dong Nai; buffalo (meat, plowing,
reproduction) in Vinh Phuc, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An;
- To
implement insurance for aquaculture: Cat fish in Ben Tre, Tra Vinh; shrimp
(Penaeus monodon), shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Ben Tre, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau,
Soc Trang.
Article 2. Principles for selection of areas to implement and
conditions to support pilot agricultural insurance
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a) Each
province shall select locations of insurance pilot with scale of manufacturing
representatively for the insured objects of the locality;
b) The rural
districts and communes that were selected must ensure representation and
reasonableness in the regions; facilitate the preliminary review, summing up,
evaluation, monitoring, drawing experience, and expansion;
c) Ensuring
the principles the majority covering the few;
d) In
accordance with the policy of development of agriculture, farmers, rural areas
of the State.
2. Conditions
to be supported pilot of insurance
a) To comply
with Clause 4, Article 1 of the Decision No.315/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister;
b) Subjects
participating in insurance are required to apply for voluntary insurance,
commit to participate in insurance pilot; conduct the process of cultivation, livestock
husbandry, aquaculture, epidemic prevention as prescribed in this Circular or
the processes of the Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development approved
by the provincial-level People's Committee.
Chapter 2.
SPECIFIC PROVISIONS
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1. The types
of natural disasters: Hurricane, floods, drought, heavy cold weather, frost, salinity,
and tsunamis.
2. The types
of epidemics
a) For the
rice: Rice grassy stunt strain 2 disease,, twisted
leaves, black stripe dwarf; pests epidemic;
b) For
buffalo, bull: foot and mouth disease;
c) For pigs:
blue ear, foot and mouth disease;
d) For the
chicken, duck: bird flu;
đ) For cat
fish: liver and kidney pus disease;
e) For shrimp
(Penaeus monodon): white spot virus, yellow head disease, liver and pancreas
necrosis and atrophy disease;
g) For shrimp
(Litopenaeus vannamei): white spot virus, yellow head disease, Taura syndrome
disease, liver and pancreas necrosis and atrophy disease.
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Chairmen of
provincial-level People's Committees shall make decision on announcement and
certify the types of natural disasters, epidemics occurred in the localities
under clause 1, 2 and 3 of this Circular.
4.
Responsibilities of participants in insurance pilot: Upon the occurrence of
damages caused by natural disasters, epidemics, the producers must notify the
commune-level local authorities to organize the certification of damage and at
the same time coordinate with the concerned parties to limit losses and conduct
procedures for settlement of compensation as prescribed.
5. The level
of damage to be covered
a) Under the
influence of types of natural disasters, epidemic diseases specified in clauses
1, 2 and 3 of this Circular, makes yield of the harvested rice of the region be
lower than 75% (<75%) of the average yield per production season in 03
latest years; livestock husbandry be lost at 20%; aqua-farming products be lost
at 30% or more (by economic value), it shall be covered.
Chairmen of
provincial-level People's Committees confirm the extent of damage in the
localities for used as a basis for settlement of compensation under the terms
of the insurance contracts approved by the Finance Ministry.
b) For the
rice, breeding animals, aquaculture products insured pilot which were treated,
cared by veterinary agencies, plant protection agencies or producers shall be
paid for drugs, treatment wages, but not more than 20% of insured value.
Article 4. Regulations on the criteria of scale, production
processes for the rice
1. The
criteria and scale, locations of rice production
a) The scale
and location of rice production: Each province is selected 03 rural districts;
scale of coverage of the entire rural district for locations specialized in
rice production (the area of arable land at least 05 hectares or more) in the
main season of the rice production: East - Spring, Season, Summer – Autumn.
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2. Rice
production processes: comply with provisions in Appendix 1 attached to this
Circular or processes of the Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development
approved by the Provincial-level People's Committees.
Article 5. Regulations of criteria of scale, production
processes for livestock husbandry
1. The
criteria and scale of the breeding areas: Each province is selected 03 rural
districts, each rural district is selected 03 communes; scale of insurance is
the entire commune.
2. For
breeding buffalo, bull (meat, plowing, reproduction) and dairy cows.
a) The
farming scale: The households raising buffalo, bull in the form of captivity or
controlled grazing (not applicable to buffalo, bull roamed freely) with from 01
buffalo/bull or more.
b) Raising
process: Applicable to provisions in Appendix II issued together with this
Circular.
c) The time
to calculate insurance:
- For
buffalo, bull (meat, plowing): from 06 months of age or more, irrespective of
sex, normal health, without congenital malformations;
- For buffalo,
bull (reproduction), dairy cow: calculated from 12 months of age or more with
explicit sexuality, ensuring the breeding standards.
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a) Livestock
husbandry scale: the breeding households having number of pigs from 02
pigs/batch or more, sows from 01 sow or more; boars from 01 boar or more.
b) Raising
process: Applicable to provisions in Appendix III issued together with this
Circular.
c) The time
to calculate insurance:
- Raising
pigs for meat: Time covered is maximum 150 days (the exotic pigs calculated as
from they are 50 days old to be raised till 200 days old when slaughtered;
hybrid pigs calculated as from they are 60 days old to be raised till 210 days
old when slaughtered);
- Raising
sows: Time covered is a maximum period of 180 days (from when sows mated are
pregnant until piglets are weaned);
- Raising
boars: time starting to be covered is from 8 months old for domestic pigs and
10 months old for exotic and hybrid pigs. Time starting to calculate insurance
is not more than 34 months for sperm exploited boars used in artificial
insemination and 28 months for direct inseminating boars.
4. Raising
chickens, ducks (meat, laying)
a) Livestock
husbandry scale: The total herd has from 200 chickens/ducks or more for
chickens, ducks used as meat and from 100 chickens/ducks with chickens, ducks
laying eggs.
b) Raising
process: Applicable to provisions in Appendix IV issued together with this
Circular.
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- Raising
chickens and ducks as meat: From 01 to 50 days for industrial chickens, ducks;
01-70 days for chickens, ducks of twofold purposes and 01-150 days for native
chickens, ducks;
- Raising
chickens and ducks laying eggs: From 01-365 days for laying hens and 700 days
for laying ducks.
Article 6. Regulations on criteria of scale, production
processes for aquaculture (cat fish, shrimp (Penaeus monodon), shrimp
(Litopenaeus vannamei).
1. Criteria
for selecting farming areas, farms
a) The scale
and areas of the breeding: Each province is selected 03 rural districts, each
rural district is selected 03 communes; each commune is selected raising areas;
scale of insurance is the entire commune.
b) Conditions
for breeding facilities, breeding areas:
- The
intensive cat fish farming area must have an area of 05 hectares or more;
- The
intensive shrimp (Penaeus monodon), shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming area
must have an area of 05 hectares or more; semi-intensive area must have an area
of 10 ha, improved extensive farming area must have an area of 15 hectares or
more;
- The
catfish, shrimp (Penaeus monodon), shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming area
must be ensured to have traffic road; irrigation system basically meeting the
production requirements.
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a) For
intensive catfish farming: Applicable to Appendix V, issued together with this
Circular.
b) For shrimp
(Penaeus monodon): Applicable to provisions in Appendix VI (intensive farming),
Appendix VII (semi-intensive farming), and Appendix VIII (improved extensive
farming) issued together with this Circular.
c) For
intensive farming, semi-intensive farming of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei):
Applicable to provisions in Appendix IX, issued together with this Circular.
Chapter 3.
ORGANIZATION OF
IMPLEMENTATION
Article 7. Responsibilities of the agencies
1.
Responsibilities of the Departments and the Directorate of Fisheries
a) Department
of Economic Cooperation and Rural Development shall:
- Preside over
and coordinate with other concerned departments and the Directorate of
Fisheries to organize the implementation of the tasks under the scope of
responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development at the
Decision No.315/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister;
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- Quarterly
synthesize, make reports of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
on the implementation of pilot agricultural insurance, and send to the Finance
Ministry.
b) The other
concerned Departments and the Directorate of Fisheries shall:
Direct, guide
and inspect, monitor and evaluate the implementation of pilot agricultural
insurance within the scope of the assignment and submit quarterly reports to
the Department for Economic Cooperation and Rural Development.
2.
Responsibilities of the provincial-level People's Committees
a) To direct
and organize the implementation of agricultural insurance pilot;
b) To disclose
and certify types of natural disasters, epidemics occurred in the specific
areas of the localities;
c) To direct
the provincial Bureau of Statistics to announce the actual yield after each
crop, rice prices of the latest crop and economic value of livestock husbandry,
aquaculture for use as a basis for charging and settling an insurance claim;
d) To direct
the Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development, Departments of Finance,
People's Committees at all levels in the areas covered, the subjects participating
in agricultural insurance pilot, the relevant agencies to implement following
the guidance and the manufacturing processes specified in this Circular;
đ) To
examine, supervise and evaluate the pilot implementation of agricultural
insurance in the localities;
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3.
Responsibilities of Insurers
a) To
implement pilot agricultural insurance under the scope and application subjects
defined in Article 1 of this Circular;
b) To
coordinate with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of
Finance and People's Committees at all levels in the provinces participating in
the insurance pilot for better service of participants in pilot agricultural
insurance in accordance with regulations;
c) Quarterly
to report the performance result and propose measures to implement and send to
the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and
provincial People's Committees where pilot agricultural insurance is made.
Article 8. Effect
This Circular
takes effect from July 01, 2011.
In the course
of implementation if any problems arise, the People's Committees at all levels
and producers participating in the pilot agricultural insurance report to the
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Finance and the
Insurers implementing the pilot agricultural insurance for researching and
supplementing accordingly.
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FOR
MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Ho Xung Hung
APPENDIX I
RICE CULTIVATION PROCESS PARTICIPATED IN PILOT
INSURANCE
(Issued together with the Circular No.47/2011/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 29, 2011
of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
A. SUBJECTS AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION
This
procedure shall specify the order, content and technical requirements for rice
cultivation applied to the provinces (Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, An Giang, Dong Thap,
Binh Thuan) participating in the pilot agriculture insurance.
B. CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION
I. PROVINCES OF NAM DINH, THAI BINH
A. Winter
– Spring crop
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Landmark time
of safely flowering rice from 01/5 to 15/5 is used as a basis to calculate the
time of sowing varieties suitable for each variety and each rice season.
General direction is a neat arrangement at each period, in each locality, each
period, focusing on sowing rice seed in about 07-10 days, in particular:
- Period of
early spring sowing from 15 to 20/11, Spring of the main crop sowing from day 5
to the day of 15/12, transplanting from 20/01 until 10/02.
- Late spring
period concentrated to sow rice seed after cold spell from 20/01 until 10/02.
Focus on transplanting rice after commencement of spring on 10/02 to 25/02,
ending transplanting of spring rice prior to 28/02.
Sowing rice
seed: from 10/02 till 15/02;
* Orientation
of cultivating rice varieties:
Each locality
selects from 3-4 major rice varieties and 1-2 additional rice varieties to
facilitate the production of goods, and reducing pressure on crop, pests, and
prices. Several major rice varieties for the cultivation periods as follows:
- Periods of
Early Spring, Mid Spring use the varieties: VN10, Xi23, X21, Huong Com, DS1 ...
- Late Spring
period focuses on 2 groups of varieties:
+ Group of
high yield, average quality: Khang Dan 18, Q5, TBR1, TBR36, DB5, DB6, DT37, Khang
dan dot bien, Nhi Uu 838, Nhi Uu 86B, Nhi Uu 69, Phu Uu No. 1, VL20 , VL24,
TH3-4, HYT83, HYT100, Thuc Hung 6, Van Quang 14, B-TE1, D.uu 527, D.uu 725,
Syn.6, Thien uu 1025, ...
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b)
Transplanting density: depending on the characteristics of rice varieties and
soil type to transplant with the appropriate density:
- The hybrid
rice variety: transplant density 35-40 clusters/m2, transplant 1-2
units of rice seedling/cluster.
- The very
short pure rice varieties: transplant about 50 clusters/m2; few-day varieties:
transplant 45-50 clusters/m2; many-day and medium-day varieties:
transplant about 40-45 clusters/m2, transplant 2-3 units of rice
seedling/cluster.
c)
Fertilizer: quantity of fertilizer is depended on the different varieties and
soil.
- The quantity
of fertilizer per ha:
+ Cattle
manure: 8-10 tons (or 500 to 600 kg of organic microrganism fertilizer);
+ Urea nitrogenous fertilizer: 200-300 kg;
+
Superphosphate: 500-600 kg;
+ Potassium
chloride: 160-200 kg;
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- Method to
fertilize:
+ For the
few-day varieties
• Basal
fertilizing: full cattle manure + phosphate + 40% nitrogen + 30% potassium;
• Top
dressing as rice taken green roots: 50% nitrogen + 30% potassium;
(Note:
fertilizing nitrogen if the weather is warm in the spring season).
• Pre-earing
pressing fertilizing: 10% nitrogen + 40% potassium.
+ For the
medium and many-day varieties:
• Basal
fertilizing before transplanting: full cattle manure, phosphate + 40% nitrogen;
• Top
dressing as rice take green roots: 40% nitrogen + 50% potassium;
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d) The water
level: When transplanting rice, let water level be shallow to help the
manipulations to be convenient, regular; then, drain slightly (to 2 - 3 cm of
water away from field surface) for rice to breed strongly. When transplanting
“ma day xuc”, “ma san”, needs to adjust water accordingly. When rice’s breeding
is finished, drain water to the parched field, then lead water into the field
at normal level for the rice to flower, and transmit dry matter in grains. When
rice is ripe, drain off water for rice trees to be hard, not being fallen.
đ) Weeding:
Herbicide use for clearing weeds as guided or weeding grass and stirring mud 1-2 times, combined with fertilizer.
e) The pests
need to be prevented: Thrips always damaging at the stage of rice seedling and
tender rice; leaf rolling insect (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenee), Brown planthopper
at the stage of rice’s development as a girl, mother-stalk and starting the
flowering; shilver leaf, sheath blight, blast, bacterial striped spots
appearing at the stage of mother-stalk, flowering; schoenobius at the stage of
flowering ... should be monitored regularly for pest control in time.
2. Crops
a) Season:
- Early
season: sowing on 10/6 - 20/6 with pure rice varieties: Khang Dan 18, Q5, BC15,
QR1, HT1, Bac Thom 7, Viet huong chiem, Nam Dinh 1, Nam Dinh 5, Nep 87, Nep 97,
Nep IRi352 and some varieties of local specialties;
The hybrid
rice varieties: Phu uu No.1, Nam Duong 99, N. uu 69, HYT100, TH3-3, Viet lai
20, TX111, CNR02, Thien Uu 1025, TH3-3;
- Middle
season: sowing on 15/6 - 25/6 with rice varieties: X21, Xi23, VN10, NX30, Bac
uu 903 KBL, BTE-1 ...; QR1, Viet huong chiem, Khang Dan 18, Nam Dinh 1, TX111,
Phu uu 1, CNR02, Nam Duong 99, N.uu 69, HYT100, Thien uu 1025, Nep N87, N97,
TH3-3, BC15, TBR1 (Q5), Bac Thom No.7;
- Late
season: sowing on 25/5 - 5/6; transplanting: on 25/6 - 5/7 with rice varieties:
Nep Bac, Nep Cai Hoa Vang, Du, Tam Thom of all types ...
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- The hybrid
rice varieties: transplant density 40 clusters/m2, transplant 1-2
units of rice seedling/cluster;
- The very
short pure rice varieties: transplant about 50 clusters/m2; few-day
varieties: transplant 45-50 clusters/m2; many-day and medium-day
varieties: transplant about 40-45 clusters/m2, transplant 2-3 units
of rice seedling/cluster;
- Sowing
directly 40-50 kg rice seeds/ha;
c)
Fertilizer: quantity of fertilizer is depended on the different varieties and
soil
- The amount
of fertilizer for one ha:
+ Cattle
manure: 8-10 tons (or 500 to 600 kg of organic microrganism fertilizer);
+ Urea nitrogenous fertilizer: 200-250 kg;
+
Superphosphate: 450 - 500 kg;
+ Potassium
chloride: 160 - 220kg.
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- Method to
fertilize:
+ For the
few-day varieties
• Basal
fertilizing: full cattle manure + phosphate + 40% nitrogen + 30% potassium;
• Top
dressing as rice taken green roots: 50% nitrogen + 30% potassium;
(Note:
fertilizing nitrogen if the weather is warm in the spring season).
• Pre-earing
pressing fertilizing: 10% nitrogen + 40% potassium.
+ For the
medium and many-day varieties:
• Basal
fertilizing before transplanting: full cattle manure, phosphate + 40% nitrogen;
• Top
dressing as rice taken green roots: 40% nitrogen + 50% potassium;
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d) The water
level: When transplanting rice, adjust water properly to help the manipulations
to be convenient; adjust water level to 2 - 3 cm for rice to breed strongly at the
stage of rice’s branches breeding. When rice’s breeding is finished, drain
water to the parched field, then lead water into the field at normal level for
the rice to flower, and transmit dry matter in grains. When rice is ripe, drain
off water for rice trees to be hard, not being fallen.
đ) Weeding:
Herbicide use for clearing weeds as guided or weeding grass and stirring mud 1-2 times, combined with fertilizer.
e) The pests
need to be prevented: Thrips always damaging at the stage of rice seedling and
tender rice; leaf rolling insect (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenee), Brown
planthopper at the stage of rice’s development as a girl, mother-stalk and
starting the flowering; shilver leaf, sheath blight, blast, bacterial striped
spots appearing at the stage of mother-stalk, flowering; schoenobius at the
stage of flowering ... should be monitored regularly for pest control in time.
II. NGHE AN, HA TINH PROVINCES
1. Winter –
Spring
a) Season:
Based on the
growth duration of each variety to determine sowing time, so make sure that
rice’s flowering is focused on 25/4 - 05/5; each period is concentrated to
cultivate for 5 days, namely:
- Early
Spring: Can be sown from 25/12 of previous year to the day of 05/01 of next
year.
- Spring of
the main crop may be sown from 10 - 25/01 each year.
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The
arrangement of the variety structure will be based on test results, trial
production and recognition of new seeds every year; to use a number of top
varieties in the short-term as follows:
- Early
Spring: Using the varieties AC5, BT-E1, BC15;
- Spring of
the main crop: Using the varieties: Khai Phong No.1, Nhi Uu 986, Thien nguyen
uu 9, Kim uu 725, Nhi Uu 725, Syn6, Nghi huong 2308, Bio.404, Duong Quang 18,
N.uu 69, PHB71, Nam Duong 99, Khai phong No. 7, Q.uu 6, Q.uu 1, Huong thom No.
1, Bac thom No. 7; Vat tu-NA1, Nep 352, Nep 97, Nep 87;
b)
Transplanting density: Depending on the characteristics of the varieties, soil
type, level of culture intensive to transplant an appropriate density, namely:-
The areas applied the culture intensive technique for improved rice (SRI) are
transplanted with a density of 25-30 clusters/ m2, 1-2 units of rice
seedling/cluster.
- The areas
are not applied improved intensive technique:
+ The hybrid
rice varieties: transplant density 40 clusters/m2, transplant 1-2
units of rice seedling/cluster;
+ The very
short pure rice varieties: transplant about 50 clusters/m2; few-day
varieties: transplant 45-50 clusters/m2; many-day and medium-day
varieties: transplant about 40-45 clusters/m2, transplant 2-3 units
of rice seedling/cluster.
c)
Fertilizer:
- The
quantity of fertilizer per ha:
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+ Urea nitrogenous fertilizer: 200-250 kg;
+
Superphosphate: 500-600 kg;
+ Potassium
chloride: 160-200 kg;
(Low field
bases need to be fertilized additionally 400 - 500kg lime/ha)
- Method to
fertilize:
+ For the
few-day varieties
• Basal
fertilizing: full cattle manure + phosphate + 40% nitrogen + 30% potassium;
• Top
dressing as rices take green roots: 50% nitrogen + 30% potassium;
• Pre-earing
pressing fertilizing: 10% nitrogen + 40% potassium.
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• Basal fertilizing
before transplanting: full cattle manure, phosphate + 40% nitrogen;
• Top
dressing as rice taken green roots: 40% nitrogen + 50% potassium;
• Pre-earing
pressing fertilizing: 20% nitrogen + 50% potassium.
d) The water
level: When transplanting rice, adjust water properly to help the manipulations
to be convenient; adjust water level to 2 - 3 cm for rice to breed strongly at
the stage of rice’s branches breeding. When rice’s breeding is finished, drain
water to the parched field, then lead water into the field at normal level for
the rice to flower, and transmit dry matter in grains. When rice is ripe, drain
off water for rice trees to be hard, not being fallen.
đ) Weeding:
Herbicide use for clearing weeds as guided or weeding grass and stirring mud 1-2 times, combined with fertilizer.
e) The pests
need to be prevented: Thrips always damaging at the stage of rice seedling and
tender rice; leaf rolling insect (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenee), Brown
planthopper at the stage of rice’s development as a girl, mother-stalk and
starting the flowering; shilver leaf, sheath blight, blast, bacterial striped
spots appearring at the stage of mother-stalk, flowering; schoenobius at the
stage of flowering ... should be monitored regularly for pest control in time.
2. Summer -
Fall crop
a) Season:
- Summer –
Fall season:
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+ The flood
running Summer – Fall region: Harvest prior to 05/9;
+ The
intensive farming Summer – Fall region: Harvest not later than the day of 15/9.
- Season
Crop: Ensure the harvest duration as follows:
+ Early
Season: Harvest in September;
+ Main crop
season: Finish the transplanting before 10/8.
b) Take care,
fertilization and pest control are similar to the season in the northern
provinces (Nam Dinh, Thai Binh).
III. AN GIANG, DONG THAP PROVINCES
An Giang and
Dong Thap have some similarities in terms of rice production. This process is
most applicable to both provinces.
1. Season
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b) Summer –
Fall season: starting from 20/03 to 10/5;
c) Fall –
Winter season: starting from 25/6 to 30/8.
2. Land
preparation
The field
surface must be leveled flatly, made drains and cleaned up the weeds before
sowing, transplanting.
a) The Winter
– Spring season: After the Summer – Fall rice season is harvested completely in
the 2-season land, the land is plowed until the water recedes, then it is
lifted, leveled; and for the 3-seasons land, carry out to prepare soil similar
to the Summer – Fall season after Fall – East rice is harvested.
b) The Summer
- Fall season: After Winter – Spring rice season is harvested, plough the soil
loose before sowing (minimum plowing depth is 20 cm) and dry soil for at least
2 weeks.
c) The Fall –
Winter season: After the Summer - Fall rice season is harvested in the 3-season
land, soil preparation measure is similar to the Summer – Fall season.
3. Seeds
preparation
a) Seed
selection: Select the rice varieties in the list recommended by the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development from time to time and with white rice quality
meeting high quality requirement by the prescribed standards.
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- It is
arranged by an order from high to low rates of rice varieties often used as
follows: IR 50404, OM 4218, OM 2514, OM 2517, JASMINE 85, OM 5472, OM 4900,
OMCS 2000, VD 20, VND 95-20 and Nep;
b) Quality of
seeds: rice varieties must have high uniformity, not mixed with weeds, grass
and other varieties of rice.
4. Sowing
density
Depending on
variety, season, field surface flatness and drainage capabilities of each field
plot to determine seeding density, appropriate seeding density is from 80kg -
120kg/ha. It should sow by row seeding tool in the places where conditions
permit.
5. Soak of
seeds and seed treatment
Seeds are
soaked directly into the saline solution of 15% concentration within 15-30
minutes, then pick up the imperfect grains floating above, the remaining
sinking part shall be taken out to wash and soak with clean water for 48 hours,
keep carefully for 24 hours until the seeds germinate. Then proceed to sow with
row seeding tool.
6.
Fertilizer
a) Principles
of fertilization for rice: to fertilize by the plant needs at time of growth
(rise seeding, tillering, rice flowers); fertilize the correct dosage; not to
fertilize in excess of nitrogen. Fertilization period for rice can be divided
into 3 main batches: Batch 1: from 7-10 days after sowing, Batch 2: from 18-22
days after sowing, Batch 3: from 40-45 days after sowing.
* Note:
depending on growing conditions, season, time of growth of rice variety being
cultivated to reduce the time of fertilization.
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Types
of soil
Quantity
of pure fertilizer need to be fertilized (Kg/ha)
Nitrogen
(N)
Phosphate
(P2O5)
Potassium
(K2O)
DX
HT
DX
HT
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HT
Alluvial
soil along the river
90
- 100
75
- 90
40
- 50
50
- 60
30
- 50
30
- 50
Slightly
alum soil
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70
- 80
40
- 60
50
- 60
30
- 50
30
- 50
Medium alum
soil
60
- 80
60
40
- 60
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30
- 50
30
- 50
* Note:
DX: Winter - Spring, HT: Summer – Fall
Particularly
for land cultivated 3 seasons in many years, it could be added 20% of total
amount of nitrogen, and should be added organic fertilizer for soil
improvement.
Use the leaf
color reference sheets to control the excess of nitrogen in the last 2 batches
of fertilization.
b) The time
and dose of fertilizer:
- Basal
fertilizing: before sowing. Acidic soil should be fertilized Van Dien
fused phosphate (16% of P2O5) from 100-400 kg/ha
depending on the acidity of the soil, to lower acidity right from the
beginning, the roots will grow better;
-
Fertilization for the first time: 7 - 10 days after seeding (NSS), fertilize
according to the following table, depending on season and soil type.
Types
of soil
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Urea
DAP
KCl
DX
HT
DX
HT
DX
HT
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40
- 45
30
- 35
45
- 55
55
- 65
20
- 30
20
- 30
Slightly
alum soil
35
- 45
25
- 30
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55
- 65
20
- 30
20
- 30
Medium alum
soil
25
- 30
15
- 20
45
- 65
65
- 87
20
- 30
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* Note:
thrips often cause harm at the first period of fertilization, so it must flood
the field with water for 1 - 3cm before fertilizing.
-
Fertilization for the 2nd time: from 18-22 days after sowing in the following
table
Types
of soil
Quantity
of fertilizer required to be used (Kg/ha)
Urea
DAP
DX
HT
DX
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Alluvial
soil along the river
80
- 90
60
- 73
45
- 55
55
- 65
Slightly
alum soil
70
- 80
55
- 65
45
- 65
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Medium alum
soil
50
- 65
30
- 40
45
- 65
65
- 87
(Note:
fertilize the field like clothing amendment in bad places to adjust the
uniformity of the paddy field)
For low-density
sowing fields or where seed sprouted badly, using growth stimulants to spray
immediately after fertilization to increase the number of effective buds.
* Note:
borers, worms, rice leaf folder, blast, Banded disease at this stage.
-
Fertilization for the third times: 40-45 days after sowing in the following
table:
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Quantity
of fertilizer required to be used (Kg/ha)
Urea
Potassium
DX
HT
DX
HT
Alluvial
soil along the river
40
- 45
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30
- 55
30
- 55
Slightly
alum soil
35
- 45
25
- 30
30
- 55
30
- 55
Medium alum
soil
25
- 30
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30
- 55
30
- 55
(Note: it
should observe rice flowers to fertilize for the paddy fields to develop
better)
After
fertilization is made, then retain water until rice are waxy (from 60-70 days
after sowing) because at this stage if the fields are lack of water or dry,
rice will be vulnerable to be flat.
* Note:
blast, yellow leaf, Banded disease, flat grain, sheath blight, Brown planthopper.
-
Fertilization for Fall – Winter season can apply the formula similar to the one
recommended for doing in the Summer – Fall season.
Particularly
for three-season land cultivated many years, it could add 20% of total
nitrogen, and should add organic fertilization for soil improvement.
Depending on
variety and soil conditions of each specific region, it can be changed the
amount of fertilizer for suitableness to achieve the highest efficiency and can
be used super phosphate, other compound fertilizers such as 20-20-15 , 16-16-8,
... to fertilize rice, but it is required to ensure the right amount of pure
fertilizer;
If soil is
catch alum (the fields have pH <5), it should take measures of irrigation to
get rid of alum, reduce alum and add fertilizers to help lower alum such as
lime (200 - 400kg/ha) prior to soil preparation, or fused phosphate (Long
Thanh, Van Dien phosphates 100 - 400kg/ha).
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a) Water
Management:
- Lead water
into the field 5 days after sowing, water level should be average (cover the
rice roots) to help the field to hold moisture well or water level is about 2 -
3 cm. It should observe golden snails (pomacea canaliculata) in field;
- From 7-10
days after sowing, continue to lead water into the field with water level of 5
- 7 cm;
- 28 days
after sowing, start to dry off the field for the first time (if the rice rows’
leaves are adjacent to each other);
- From 35-49
days after sowing, lead water into the field, keep the water at level of
5 cm (preparing to fertilize for the third batch), after fertilization is made,
let water naturally recede, until 15 cm below ground surface, then pump water
into the field at highest level of 5cm;
- From 80-85
days after sowing, start to dry off the field for rice to be raped and for
harvest by reaping machine and the paddy harvesting machine.
Note:
Depending on the time of growth of rice to adjust the time of irrigation, not
to let rice be flooded throughout the crop.
b)
Transplanting: when rice are about 15-20 days old, to transplant additional
rice at the places where rice was dead; trim the rice at the places where the
density is too thick.
c) Removal:
Regularly remove the trees other than rice and weedy rice, the removal stage
must be made completely 15 days before the harvest.
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On the basis
of the uniform application of measures, such as careful soil preparation, the
flat field, sowing according to the seasonal calendar, use of seeds with high
uniformity, sparse seeding, reasonable, balanced fertilizing and good water
management to help the rice healthy with thin canopy, thus, it is not favorable
conditions for pest development, so it should not need to use pesticide and
only use herbicide, except for rice leaf blight, blast, Banded disease as a
major.
a) Weeds:
Prepare soil carefully and level the field, keep it flood in the early stage to
control weeds. Use of drugs of pre or post-germination must be followed the
recommended dosage on the label and the field must be warm enough; it should
alternate herbicides with different active ingredients to reduce the resistance
of weeds.
b) Golden
snails (Pomacea canaliculata): Measures of most economic efficiency is to
collect Golden snails (Pomacea canaliculata) before sowing seed, lead water to
attract them to the sunken places for catching and controlling. If after
sowing, paddy fields still have Golden snails (Pomacea canaliculata) with high
density, then use chemicals.
c) Brown
planthopper: Manage Brown planthopper by the manual instructing the prevention
and fighting against Brown planthopper, dwarf yellow disease, twisted leaf
dwarf of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. It should not use
Pyrethroids to kill Brown planthopper because it is easy to make resistance and
fire pests. It is encourages to use biological products derived from Bacillus
thuringiensis and Beauveria fungus, Metarhizium, ...
* Note:
Not to use pesticide derived from Acetamiprid to prevent pests from rice’s
flowering stage.
d) Small leaf
rolling insect (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenee): Applying the method of
integrated pest management IPM (main principles: the healthy rice plant,
protection of natural enemies, regularly farm visiting, the farmers becoming
experts) and not to use drugs in first 40 days after sowing because the Rice at
this time is capable of resilience. Use chemicals by 4 rights (right time,
right medication, right dosage, right way).
đ) Disease:
- Blast
(blast in rice): based on variety characteristics (infected variety) and weather
conditions which are convenient for damaging leaf blight’s development (fogs
and cold weather at night), it must pump water into the field and use chemicals
to treat.
To prevent
rice flowers’ neck blast, it should be sprayed chemicals for prevention before
and after the rice flowers... because when the rice is got this disease, in
addition to reduction of productivity, it shall cause the significant reduction
of the quality of rice as milled like increase of percentage of broken rice and
rice chalkiness.
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- Sanitation
of field for cleaning grasses and the residues of the previous season.
- Plowing and
exposure of soil to help profitable microorganisms’ development to kill germs.
- Water
source in the small irrigation canals with water hyacinth, sclerotia should be
paid attention when it is led into the fields, when this source of water is
used, it should use the net to prevent sclerotia from the fields.
- Yellow
leaf: Because the sowing of seeds is made with appropriate seeding density and
fertilizer is used reasonably, so it should not need to use chemicals to treat
leaf yellow disease. In case yellow leaf disease arising in the early ripening
stage is detected to have more than 30% of leaves with disease signal, it can
be sprayed chemicals with Benomyl active element.
- Rice leaf
blight: The disease spreads by way of seeds. To manage disease, mainly using
resistant varieties combined with seed treatment as recommended. Avoid
fertilizing in excess of nitrogen in the field detected symptoms of disease. If
the disease grows in rainy condition, it should be treated with special
medications under instructed dose.
- Flat seeds:
In the Summer – Fall season, if the rice flowers in the storm conditions, it
may spray chemicals for prevention for 7-10 days before and after flowering
with chemicals that prevent flat seeds disease.
* Note:
The spraying of plant protection chemicals need to be applied by 4 rights
(right chemicals, right time, right dosage, right way).
IV. Binh Thuan Province
1. Seasons
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b) Summer –
Fall season: starting from 15/3 to 30/6;
c) Crops:
starting from 15/8 to 30/9.
2. Soil
preparation
The field
surface must be leveled flatly, made drains, and cleaned up the weeds before
the sowing, transplanting is made.
3. Variety
preparation
- Use
certified seeds;
- The main
rice varieties: ML 202, ML 214, ML 48, IR 59606, OM 4900.
4. Seeding
density
Depending on
variety, season, surface flatness of field surface and drainage capability of
the field plot to determine seeding density, appropriate seeding density is
from 150kg - 200kg/ha.
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Seeds are
soaked with clean water for 48 hours, keep carefully for 24 hours until the
seeds germinate. Then proceed to sow freely or with row seeding tool
6.
Fertilizers
- Principles
of fertilization for rice: to fertilize by the plant needs at time of growth (rise
seeding, tillering, rice flowers); fertilize the correct dosage; not to
fertilize in excess of nitrogen. Fertilization period for rice can be divided
into 3 main batches: Batch 1: from 7-10 days after sowing, Batch 2: from 18-22
days after sowing, Batch 3: from 40-45 days after sowing:
Particularly
for land cultivated 3 seasons in many years, it could be added 20% of total
amount of nitrogen, and should be added organic fertilizer for soil
improvement.
Use the leaf
color reference sheets to control the excess of nitrogen in the last 2 batches
of fertilization.
Depending on
the characteristics of cultivated area, the different soil types, different
rice varieties, to publicize the use of fertilizers as follows:
- The amount
of fertilizer per ha:
+ Nitrogen
(N): 90-100 N
+ Phosphate
(P2O5): 30-40 P2O5
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Particularly
for the varieties with growth time of more than 100 days and land cultivated 3
seasons in many years, it could be added 20% of total amount of nitrogen.
- Method to
fertilize:
+ Basal
fertilizing: Before sowing. Lime shall be fertilized after the first soil
preparation. Depending on the acidity of the soil, to increase or decrease the
amount of lime applied accordingly. Alum land is applied basal fertilization of
phosphate fertilizer from 100-400 kg/ha depending on the acidity of the soil,
to lower acidity from the beginning, for the roots to grow better.
+ Top
dressing: 03 main batches of top dressing are divided as follows:
Batch 1: When
the rice is 2-3 leaves (after sowing about 7-12 days) or after transplanting
about 5 days to faster rice seedling’s development, for rice seeding to early
tiller, with 30% nitrogen, 100% of phosphate if using single phosphate
fertilizer, 50% of phosphate if using DAP and 50% of potassium.
Batch 2: Top
dressing for the second time is made when rice is 18-22 days. Use 40% of total
amount of nitrogen and 50% of remaining phosphate if using DAP.
Batch 3: Top
dressing for the third time is made before the rice flowers about 15-20 days.
Use the amount of remaining nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. At this stage,
it needs to observe the rice’s top (length of 0.5 - 1 cm) to determine the time
of fertilization and leaves’ color to determine the amount of fertilizer.
7. Water
management
Depending on
the time of growth of rice to adjust the time of irrigation, not to let rice be
flooded throughout the crop; keep the water level in the field about 05 - 10cm.
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- Prevent
weeds from the beginning of rice season with chemicals of pre- or
post-germination, depending on the status and condition of the field’s water
management.
- Golden
snails: dig drains, catch Golden snails before sowing; if density of golden
snails is high, then use the chemicals in the allowed list for the eradication,
it should pay attention to comply with Rule of 4 rights (right chemicals, right
time, right dosage, right way).
- Rice leaf
folder: rice at the period of within 40 days after sowing (or rice at the
period of after 40 days after sowing but the density is under 10 folders/ m2)
shall be no need treatment with chemicals.
- Brown
planthopper: The most important solution is to select time for the sowing so
that it can avoid planthoppers’ migration waves in the period of rice’s 20 days
after sowing; therefore it needs to closely monitor the quantity of
planthoppers to jump into the lights for the sowing; the most safety to sow
rice is the time after the peak batch of planthoppers to jump into the lights;
after sowing if planthoppers are also scattered, then use water to shield, if
this measure is taken well, it will be no need to use pesticide to spray for
rice of less than 1 month old. When rice is more than 1 month old, if the
density of planthoppers is more than 3 planthoppers/branch, then use chemicals
by the rule of four rights (right chemicals, right time, right dosage, and
right way). At period of rice’s 40 days after sowing, take advantage the
field’s moisture to promote prevention of planthoppers by using biological or
natural chemicals (useful disease sources available on the field) to create a
balanced ecosystem and help to control density of planthoppers in a sustainable
way.
APPENDIX II
PROCESS OF LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY OF BUFFALO, BULL,
AND MILKING COW SUBJECT TO PILOT INSURANCE
(Issued together with Circular No.47/2011/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 29, 2011 of
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
1.
Subjects and scope of application
This
procedure shall specify the order, content and technical requirements in
breeding buffalo, bull, milking cow (meat, plowing, reproduction), applied to
the provinces and cities directly under the Central Government participating in
pilot agricultural insurance.
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a) Breeds:
- Including
breeds of buffalo, bull, milking cow on the list of permitted livestock
husbandry and the Ordinance on Domestic Animals No.16/2004/PL-UBTVQH11, dated
March 24, 2004 of the National Assembly Standing Committee;
- Breeds from
livestock husbandry facilities, areas free from epidemics, having quarantine
certificates of veterinary agencies and isolated and observed for at least 21
days for infectious diseases at risk of outbreaking into epidemic nest;
- For newly
purchased cattle, the livestock husbandry facilities must report to the
competent local veterinary agencies.
b) Breeding
facilities:
- Breeding
facilities must be ensured to locate at the high places, cool in summer and
warm in winter, avoided crossing rain, blowing wind; away from the rivers and
streams where flooding frequently happens and at risk of flood, flash floods,
fires and explosions which have been warned. Environmental hygiene and disease
prevention must be made;
- Breeding
facilities must be ensured to prevent contamination of communities around the
area of animal husbandry;
- Area: From
3 - 4 m2/animal;
- If the
facilities raise cow for milk, they must allocate enough space to milk or
allocate separate milking area, breeding facilities must be clean, easy to
clean and sanitize.
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- Animal
feed: Food must be ensured production needs, growth and development for each
breed, object, purpose of animal husbandry; with green feed, dried feed or
silage stored in winter. Not to use prohibited substances to mix into feed
under current regulations.
* Rations for
calves:
Days
old
Rations
(kg/day)
Pure
milk
Mixed
animal feed
Hay
Silage
10
- 30
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30
- 80
3
0.4
0.2
- 0.7
80
- 160
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
1.0
0.2
- 0.7
4
160
- 180
1.5
0.2
- 0.7
5
- 10
* Rations for
buffalo, bull, cow (meat, plowing, reproduction):
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Rations
(kg/day)
Mixed
animal feed
Hay
Silage
100
- 175
1.2
1
- 1.5
10
- 16
175
- 320
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2
20
- 30
230
- 260
2.0
3
20
- 30
260
- 290
3.5
4
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320
- 350
5.0
5
35
* Rations for
pregnant buffalo, cow, milking cow:
Subjects
Rations
(kg/day)
Mixed
animal feed
Hay
(fermented)
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Pregnant buffalo, cow
3
- 4
4
- 5
30
- 40
Milking cow
4
- 5
4
- 5
40
- 50
- Water:
Provide adequate clean drinking water to meet the needs of growth and
development of cattle.
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d) Veterinary
sanitation
-
Periodically disinfect, sterilize ambient stables, clean stables regularly,
raising tool;
- Completely
vaccinate in accordance with provisions on animal health;
- The time of
vaccination: 2 periodic batches (spring and fall); periodically supplemented
injection; irregular injection decided by local veterinarians;
- Dose: As
instructed by the manufacturer.
APPENDIX III
PROCESS OF LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY OF PIGS SUBJECT TO PILOT
INSURANCE
(Issued together with Circular No.47/2011/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 29, 2011 of
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
A.
SUBJECTS AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION
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B.
CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION
I. PIG FOR
MEAT
1.
Selection of breeds
- Origin:
breeds must be produced in the prestigious facilities, free from the pandemics;
- Appearance
and constitution: breeds must have healthy, active, agile and balanced
appearance (non-deformity, non-disability);
Breeding pigs
bought from outside are required to have the quarantine certificates in
accordance with provisions of veterinary offices; raising to monitor for at
least 21 days;
2. Care
a) Breeding
facilities:
- Breeding
facilities must be isolated with housing, cooking stoves, or other facilities for
living of farming households; it must have biological safety location,
distances for concentrated animal husbandry, farms;
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- Stables
must be roofed to shield the sun and avoid leaking from rain water, to be warm
in winter;
- Stable
floor and walls around the stable must be ensured to be easy to implement
hygiene, disinfection, and sterilization.
b) Feed and
drinking water:
- Provide
adequate hygiene feed for pigs by the growing stages;
- The feed
rate/pig/day (recommendation for application):
Weight
of live bodies
Weight
of mixed feed/pig/day
Exotic
breeding pigs
Hybrid
breeding pigs (domestic x exotic)
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0.7
-0.9 kg
0.6
– 0.8 kg
From 30 -
60 kg
1.0
– 1.7 kg
0.9
– 1.6 kg
More than
60 kg
1.8
– 2.2 kg
1.7
– 2.0 kg
Note:
If using a mixture of availably processed feed, feeding level shall be followed
recommendation by the manufacturer.
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+ From the
starting date of raising till it is 30 kg/pig: to feed four meals/day;
+ Pigs about
31-65 kg/pig: to feed 3 meals/day;
+ Pigs of
more than 66 kg/pig: to feed 2 meals/day;
+ Provide
sufficient clean water by demands of pigs.
c) Veterinary
hygiene:
- Every day,
collect solid waste, clean pig troughs, drinking troughs and the stable floor;
Periodically
sprinkle lime powder or spray disinfectants around the barns, livestock areas
once a week when there is no epidemic; frequently comply with recommendations
of the manufacturers of the sanitizers when epidemic diseases outbreak;
- After each
litter of pigs was sold out or after pigs were transferred to another place,
the barns must be conducted sanitation, disinfection; to be empty for at least
7 days for raising another herd or litter of pigs;
- Implement
full vaccination according to the process of the Veterinary offices.
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- No to breed
free ranging pigs;
- To perform
the same in, and the same out in animal husbandry;
- Pigs at age
put into breeding for meat is not less than 50 days old for exotic breeding
pigs and 60 days old for hybrid breeding pigs;
- Pigs at age
slaughtered for meat are not more than 200 days old for exotic breeding pigs
and 210 days old for hybrid breeding pigs.
II. SOWS
1. Breed
selection
- Origin:
breeds must be produced in the prestigious facilities, free from the pandemics;
- Appearance
and constitution: breeds must have healthy, active, agile and balanced appearance
(non-deformity, non-disability);
- Breeding
sows bought from outside are required to have the quarantine certificates in
accordance with provisions of veterinary offices; raising to monitor for at
least 21 days.
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a) Breeding
facilities:
- Breeding
facilities must be isolated with housing, cooking stoves, or other facilities
for living of farming households; it must have biological safety location,
distances for concentrated animal husbandry, farms;
- Areas of
stables must be ensured enough space for the sows to eat, sleep and well
exercise;
- Stables
must be roofed to shield the sun and avoid leaking from rain water, to be warm
in winter;
- Stable
floor and walls around the stable must be ensured to be easy to implement
hygiene, disinfection and sterilization.
b) Feed and
drinking water:
- Provide
adequate hygiene feed for sows, piglets in the periods;
- With regard
to hybrid type from exotic x domestic sows:
Weight
of sows
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Fast
feed (kg/day)
Number
of meals/day
1.
Reserve sows:
From 21 -
40 kg
1.0
– 1.3
3
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From 41 kg
- coupling
1.4
– 1.5
3
2
2.
Pregnant sows:
Pregnant of
period 1 (85 days)
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3-4
2
Pregnant of
period 2 (30 days)
1.4
– 1.7
3-4
2
3.
Dropping date of sows:
0.0
– 0.5
2
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First 3
days after dropping
1-2
1
3-4
From the
forth dropping day onwards (depending on number of raised piglets)
2.5
– 5.0
2
3-4
- For exotic
breeding sows:
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Fine
feed (kg/day)
Number
of meals/day
1.
Reserve sows:
From: 20-25 kg
1,0
– 1.2
3
26-30 kg
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3
31-40 kg
1.4
– 1.6
3
41-45 kg
1.7
– 1.8
2
46 -
50kg
1.9
– 2.0 kg
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51-65 kg
2.1
– 2.2
2
66-80 kg
2.1
– 2.2
2
81-90 kg
2.2
– 2.3
2
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Pregnant of
period 1 (85 days)
2.0
– 2.5
2
Pregnant of
period 1 (30 days)
2.5
– 3.0
2
3. Dropping
date of sows:
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First 3
days after dropping
1.0
– 2.0
3-4
From the
forth dropping day onwards (depending on number of raised piglets)
2.5
– 5.0
3-4
- Provide
sufficient clean water by demands of sows and piglets.
c) Veterinary
hygiene:
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Periodically
sprinkle lime powder or spray disinfectants around the barns, livestock areas
once a week when there is no epidemic; frequently comply with recommendations
of the manufacturers of the sanitizers when epidemic diseases outbreak;
- After each
litter of sows was sold out or after pigs were transferred to another place,
the barns must be conducted sanitation, disinfection; to be empty for at least
7 days for raising another herd or litter of sows;
- Implement
full vaccination according to the process of the Veterinary offices.
d)
Management and exploitation:
- No to breed
free ranging sows;
- To perform
the same in, and the same out in animal husbandry;
- Piglets at
age weaned are not more than 30 days old after being dropped for exotic
breeding sows and not more than 65 days old after being dropped for domestic or
hybrid breeding sows;
III. BOARS
1. Breed
selection
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- Appearance
and constitution: breeds must have healthy, active, agile and balanced
appearance (non-deformity, non-disability);
- Breeding
boars bought from outside are required to have the quarantine certificates in
accordance with provisions of veterinary offices; raising to monitor for at
least 21 days.
2. Care
a) Care
- Breeding
facilities:
- Breeding
facilities must be isolated with housing, cooking stoves, or other facilities for
living of farming households; it must have biological safety location,
distances for concentrated animal husbandry, farms;
- Areas of
stables must be ensured enough space for the boars to eat, sleep and well
exercise;
- Stables
must be roofed to shield the sun and avoid leaking from rain water, to be warm
in winter;
- Stable
floor and walls around the stable must be ensured to be easy to implement
hygiene, disinfection and sterilization.
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- Provide adequate
hygiene feed for boars by the growing stages, for exploitation and use. Feed
amount is from 2.0 to 2.3 kg of compound feed/boar/day.
- After each
time of exploiting sperm, feed boars additionally 0.2 to 0.3 kg bean sprouts or
1-2 eggs;
- Provide adequate
clean water by demand of the boars.
c) Veterinary
hygiene:
- Every day,
collect solid waste, clean boar troughs, drinking troughs and the stable floor;
Periodically
sprinkle lime powder or spray disinfectants around the barns, livestock areas
once a week when there is no epidemic; frequently comply with recommendations
of the manufacturers of the sanitizers when epidemic diseases outbreak;
- After boars
were transferred to another place, the barns must be conducted sanitation,
disinfection; to be empty for at least 7 days for raising another boar;
- Implement
full vaccination according to the process of the Veterinary offices.
d) Management
and exploitation:
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- Breeding
boars are used for coupling directly not more than three times/week. Age of
boar began for coupling directly is no less than eight months old for domestic
boars, ten months old for exotic boar and use age is not more than three years.
APPENDIX IV
PROCESS OF LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY OF CHICKENS, DUCKS
SUBJECT TO PILOT INSURANCE
(Issued together with Circular No.47/2011/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 29, 2011 of
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
A.
SUBJECTS AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION
This
procedure shall specify the order, content and technical requirements in
breeding chickens, ducks (laying, meat), applied to the provinces and cities
directly under the Central Government participating in pilot agricultural
insurance.
B.
CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION
I. PROCESS
OF RAISING CHICKENS
A. The
process of raising chickens
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Breeds must
be healthy, have clearly-known origin, be quarantined, free from the epidemic
areas.
b) Care of
chicks:
In the first
week, chicks are kept in the circle enclosure. Enclosure is made of compressed
weaved bamboo or trellis. Each enclosure contains from 300 – 500 chicks. It
must be lined by trimming of 10cm thick in the enclosure. Right in the middle
of the enclosure, there must be heating tool by gas. Chicks are heated
constantly in the first week with heating temperature reduced gradually from 330C
to 300C. Humidity is from 60-70%. Lighting must be conducted all day
and night. The feed is the one for chick care, is contained in the square trays
made of toile, and dietary is freedom. Water is contained in gallons trough. If
the cold season comes, it must use warm water. Supplement vitamins to
strengthen the resistance of chickens according to veterinary sector process.
c) Raising
chickens for meat:
After 1 week
of age, the chicks are let out of the enclosure and raised in the stables. The
stable floor is lined with trimming or rice husk of 10cm thick. Enclose the
corners of stable for chicken to avoid being dead by compressed weaved bamboo,
continue heating chicks until they are 21 days old. If cold winter comes, it
needs to heat additionally chickens until they are 28 days old, and then keep
stable’s temperature stably at 22 - 250C. Quit gallons trough; fit
automatic breast drinking troughs. Remove chick feeding trays, use round trough
P50 for meat chickens. Use a mixture feed for meat chickens or mixed feed with
corn, bran, rice, broken rice of prestigious animal feed production
establishments. Use these types depending on the stages and the manufacturer's
instructions.
d) Prevention
of epidemics:
Implement
full vaccination according to provisions of veterinary sector. Regular inspect
and weed out sick chickens. Always check, keep the stable floors dry, if they
are wet, change other pad layers. Feeding, drinking troughs must be replaced
daily, cleaned and dried before put into use. Implement isolation, not to let
people or animals be in or out the breeding area; not to use the same raising
instruments between the raising stables. Actively kill rat, birds, insects in
the breeding area. Regular make cleaning, disinfection, sterilization of the
environment, breeding facilities, farming tools. Implement biosafety, the same
in, and the same out in animal husbandry; be empty stable at least 21 days
between each rearing litter. If it was epidemic before, empty stables at least
3 months.
2. The
process of breeding hens
a) Breed
selection:
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b) Breeding
technique:
Preservation
hens preparing for laying the first time (5%) are chosen for breeding for
laying eggs. The industrial hens are often raised in industrial stables. The
stables usually have 3 boxes, each stable contains 3 hens, and can be piled
into many stable layers. Under the feeding, drinking troughs is the stand to
collect eggs. It must have padding layer under the stable floor, usually
sprinkle lime powder to dry falling stools. Feed: is the one exclusively used
for hens, and can be used mixed feed for directly feeding or type of
concentrated feed mixed with corn, broken rice, rice, paddy .... The quality
and quantity of feed depend on the formula for each type, laying stage. In
particular, crude nitrogen: 15-17%, ME: 2,700-2,800 kcal/kg, the ration is from
110 gr - 120 gr/hen/day.
For the
breeds with a twofold purpose, hybrids can be raised in floor stables or floor
stables combined with floor grazing. Density is from 3 -4 hens/m2.
Layout the laying litters. Line the stable with padding layer by rice husk,
shavings.
Lighting:
hens need more light. When hens began to lay, it needs to enhance the lighting
period, an additional 15 minutes per day until reaching 14h/day and stabilize
until the end of culture. Lighting intensity: 5W/m2.
c) Epidemic
disease prevention:
Implement
full vaccination according to provisions of veterinary sector; regular make
hygiene, antitoxic, disinfection of feeding, drinking troughs, farming
facilities, livestock equipment. Daily monitor flocks of hens, weed out the
sick hens, if signs of disease are detected, it should immediately notify the
veterinary officers and immediately take preventive measures.
II.
PROCESS OF RAISING DUCKS
1. The
process of breeding ducks for meat
a) Selection
of breeds:
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b) Raising
ducklings:
In the first
week, ducklings are kept in the circle enclosure. Enclosure is made of compressed
weaved bamboo or trellis. Each enclosure contains from 200 – 300 ducklings. It
must be lined by pad in the enclosure. Right in the middle of the enclosure,
there must be heating tool by gas. Ducking is heated constantly in two first
weeks with heating temperature reduced gradually from 320C to 280C.
Humidity is from 60-70%. Lighting must be conducted 24/24. The feed is the one
for duckling care, is contained in the square trays made of toile, and dietary
is freedom. Water is contained in gallons trough. If the cold season comes, it
must use warm water.
c) Raising
ducks for meat:
After 1 week
of age, the ducklings are let out of the enclosure; continued to heat until
they are 14 days old; keep stable’s temperature stably at 22 - 250C;
dietary is freedom. For captive ducks for meat, it can be used mixed feed for
directly feeding or type of concentrated feed mixed with corn, bran, rice,
broken rice…Use these types depending on the stages. For grazing ducks,
depending on the rate of collecting natural food to distribute additional
feed; feed twice: one before grazing and one for late afternoon when ducks are
brought to stables, including rude nitrogen: 20 - 21%; ME: 2,800 – 3,000
kcal/kg.
Farming
facilities need ventilation projected with natural light to kill bacteria. Its
floor surface is hard for easy cleaning. It can be raised completely captive in
the stables, and can be combined with grazing (after 1 week of age) for the
hybrid ducks, native ducks. Drinking troughs are the gallon one used for the first
week and the long troughs used for the stages from 2 - 7 - 8 weeks old to be
fitted in middle of stables. Feeding troughs are the toile, steel or concrete
one installed or constructed at two sides of the stables.
d) Prevention
of epidemic disease:
Implement
full vaccination according to provisions of veterinary sector; regular make
hygiene, antitoxic, disinfection of feeding, drinking troughs, farming
facilities, livestock equipment. Daily monitor flocks of ducks, weed out the
sick one, if signs of disease are detected, it should immediately notify the
veterinary officers and immediately take preventive measures.
2. The
process of breeding laying ducks
a) Selection
of breeds:
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b) Breeding
technique:
Exotic ducks
should be raised in complete captivity, but it should combine with the places
having water source, density of three ducks/m2. Lighting is
conducted all day and night with intensity of 5 W/m2. Domestic ducks
and ducks of twofold purpose are raised mainly as grazing, but it is still
required to have stables to manage, feed and collect eggs. It needs to layout
the laying nests, feeding troughs, drinking troughs in the stables, and the
padding layer changed usually to avoid humidity. Eggs laying ducks raised in
complete captivity can be eaten mixed feed for directly feeding or type of
concentrated feed mixed with corn, bran, rice, broken rice…Use these types
depending on the stages. For grazing ducks, depending on the rate of collecting
natural food to distribute additional feed; feed twice: one before
grazing and one for late afternoon when ducks are brought to stables, including
rude protein: 17 - 18%; ME: 2,700 – 2,800 kcal/kg. Feeding rate is 130 -
150gr/duck/day.
Dry farming
without water for ducks to swim is required to double drinking water compared
with normal needs and it is needed to change water regularly to ensure that it
is always clean. Drinking troughs are arranged in the playground to avoid
getting stables wet, not to place too far away from the places ducks eat. When
drinking troughs are placed outside the stables in summer, it is required to
cover them, avoid ducks drinking hot water.
Daily inspect
the situation of ducks flock such as weight, laying rate, feed collection....
Weed out the one to be illness, poor eating; clean up troughs, sweep away the
leftovers, foul, mold feeds; add more litter, especially laying nest. Limit the
strong impact of light, sound and other unusual effects. If the phenomenon of
biting each other of ducks, it should rebalance the ration, stretch breeding
density, add more vegetables, cut beak; collect eggs in the morning from 6-7
o’clock.
c) Epidemic
disease prevention:
Implement
full vaccination according to provisions of veterinary sector; regular make
hygiene, antitoxic, disinfection of feeding, drinking troughs, farming
facilities, livestock equipment. Daily monitor flocks of ducks, weed out the
sick one, if signs of disease are detected, it should immediately notify the
veterinary officers and immediately take preventive measures.
APPENDIX V
TECHNOLOGY PROCESS OF INTENSIVE FARMING OF CATFISH
SUBJECT TO PILOT INSURANCE
(Issued together with Circular No.47/2011/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 29, 2011 of Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development)
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This
procedure shall specify the order, content and technical requirements in
intensive farming of catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878), in
ponds, applied to the farms in the provinces and cities directly under the
Central Government participating in pilot agricultural insurance.
2.
Conditions of application
a) Pond
conditions:
- Pond has an
area of 1,000 m2 or more; water depth from 3m or more;
- Pond must have
separate water supply and sewage drainage, pond banks are required firmly, not
being leaked, not being overflow upon raining season.
b) The pond
water environment in the process of breeding must be ensured to meet the
following criteria:
- Appropriate
water temperature from 26 to 300C;
- Proper pH:
7 to 8.5;
- Dissolved
oxygen content more than 3mg/lit;
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No.
Criteria
Unit
Optimal
level
Permitted
extension
Note
1
BOD5
mg/l
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<
30
2
NH3
mg/l
≤
0.1
≤
0.3
More toxic as pH and heat are
high
3
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mg/l
≤
0.02
≤
0.05
More toxic as pH is down
4
pH
7.0
÷ 8.5
7
÷ 9
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5
DO
mg/l
≥
3.0
≥
2.0
6
Alkali
mg
CaCO3/l
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60
÷ 180
3.
Contents of catfish intensive farming process in the pond
a)
Preparation of ponds:
- Drain the
pond, remove all trash fishes, the fierce fishes, clean up the grass around the
banks, fill all cavities, fix the erosion, landslide, check water supply and
sewage drainage;
- Dredge
bottom sediments, spread lime powder in bottom and pond banks with an amount of
lime around 7 - 10kg/100 m2; expose pond bottom from 1 to 2 days;
- Supply
water into the pond through the filtering net to prevent harms for the breeding
fish. When the pond water level is at a prescribed depth of about 3m, let
breeding fishes out into the pond.
b) Let
breeding fishes out into the pond:
- The quality
of breeding fishes: Breeding catfish for being commercial products must meet
quality requirements in accordance with provisions of sector standards 28TCN
170:2001 (Freshwater Fishes – Breeding Fish of species: Tai Tuong, Catfish and
Basa – Requirements on technique) or by the current regulations of the state,
certified breed quality by the State agency. Breeding Catfish is required to
have the quarantine certificate of the competent agency;
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- Breeding
density: from 20 to 40 catfishes/m2.
c)
Management, care:
- Feed:
mixture feed in the form of pellet processed industry (industrial feed)
supplied by the plants manufacturing animal feed. Feed must be on the list of
feed which are allowed to circulate in Vietnam issued by the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development.
+
Requirements on quality of feed in the breeding stages: assurance of quality
and hygiene, safety for breeding catfish must comply with the provisions of
Sector Standard 28TCN 176:2002 or under the current regulations of the state.
+ Method of
feeding:
Every day,
feed fishes 2-4 times, with the industrial feed ration under the guidance of
the manufacturer;
When feeding,
the feed must be brought down to the pond gradually for the entire fishes in
the pond to be edible; and feed to be used up, not causing waste and
environmental pollution.
- Pond
Management:
+ Daily, pay
attention to monitor the operation of the fishes, feed utilization levels, weather
conditions to adjust the amount of feed for reasonableness and effectiveness.
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+ When
detecting fish’s floating phenomenon different from the normality, it must
quickly determine the cause for taking timely measures.
+ Daily,
change water for the pond, about 25-30% of pond water volume. It can combine
the pond aeration if it has conditions and use biological products to treat and
stabilize pond environment.
+ Fishes
inspection: Once every month, inspect the fishes. During the inspection, catch
randomly about 25-30 individuals to determine the volume, assess the growth of
fishes and find the illness status of fishes in the pond for taking treatment
measures.
- Prevention
and treatment for fishes:
+ Regular
monitor, check pond water environment to ensure pond water to be clean. If the
water environment is detected to be bad, fishes are detected to poorly eat, or
illness occurs, must take timely treatment measures.
+ When the
fishes show signs of illness, it should notify the technician or fisheries
veterinary management agencies of locality for determining the type of disease
and guiding treatment. The use of veterinary drugs, biological products,
microorganisms, and chemicals to prevent disease for fishes shall comply with
the manufacturer's instructions and regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development. It must have a diary to record fully changes in disease
and use of veterinary drugs, biological products, microorganisms, and
chemicals, method of treatment, treatment outcomes.
d) Harvest:
- When the
fishes have reached commercial product quality and depending on the
requirements of the market, it can carry the harvest for the entire fishes in
the pond;
-
Establishments of breeding catfish must stop using antibiotics, chemicals
before harvesting fishes under the manufacturer's instructions.
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APPENDIX VI
TECHNOLOGY PROCESS OF INTENSIVE FARMING OF SHRIMP
(PENAEUS MONODON) SUBJECT TO PILOT INSURANCE
(Issued together with Circular No.47/2011/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 29, 2011 of
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
1.
Subjects and scope of application
This
procedure shall specify the order, content and technical requirements for
intensive shrimp (Penaeus monodon, Fabricus 1798), applied to farms in the
provinces and cities directly under the Central Government to participate in
pilot agricultural insurance.
This
procedure shall specify the order, content and technical requirements for
intensive farming of shrimp (Penaeus monodon, Fabricus 1798), applied to the
farms in the provinces and cities directly under the Central Government
participating in pilot agricultural insurance.
2.
Conditions of application
a) Pond
conditions:
- Pond has an
area of 2,000 m2 or more; water depth from 1.2m or more;
- Pond must
have separate water supply and sewage drainage, pond banks are required firmly,
not being leaked. Pond bottom must be reinforced waterproof, flat base, steep
tilt toward the drains.
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No.
Criteria
Unit
Optimal
level
Permitted
extension
1
BOD5
mg/l
≤
20
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2
NH3
mg/l
≤
0.1
<
0.3
3
H2S
mg/l
≤
0.03
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4
NO2
mg/l
≤
0.25
<
0.35
5
pH
7.5
÷ 8.5
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7
÷ 9, fluctuation in day not exceeding 0.5
6
Temperature
0C
20
÷ 30
18
- 33
7
Saltness
‰
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5
÷ 35
8
Dissolved oxygen (DO)
mg/l
≥
4
≥
3.5
9
Clarity
cm
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20
÷ 50
10
Alkali
mg/l
80
÷ 120
60
÷ 180
3.
Contents of process of shrimp intensive farming
a) Pond preparation:
Before each season of shrimp, it must prepare ponds according to the following
contents:
- Drain the
water in ponds, dredge, plow, lime, dry pond;
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+ Sprinkle
lime on the pond bottom and inside of the pond banks. The amount of lime powder
used depends on soil’s pH, refer to the following table:
Table:
The amount of lime to remove the acidity of pond used for breeding shrimp
pH
of soil in bottom, pond banks
Amount
of lime (kg/ha)
5.1
– 5.5
800
- 1000
5.6
– 6.0
500
- 800
6.1
– 6.5
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6.6
– 7.0
100
- 200
+ Keep dry
pond in about 7-10 days;
+ Get the deposited
water from the containing pond into the breeding pond through filtering net
with mesh size 2a = 5 mm; water level of 1.5 m or more;
+ For the old
pond: lime an amount of 100-200 kg/ha;
+ Removal of extraneous
matter: Use some types of chemicals killing extraneous matter permitted for
circulation in Vietnam and use according to directions on labels;
+
Fertilization creating natural feed culture: 7 days prior to stocking breeding
shrimps, use inorganic fertilizers to fertilize the pond. Use additional
biological products, or artificial algae to create water color and culture
beneficial bacteria in the pond;
After 7 days,
if breeding shrimps have not been dropped, it must re-conduct the measure
fertilizing to create natural feed for the pond;
+ Drugs,
substances of treatment and improvement of the environment used must be the one
included in the list of those permitted for circulation in Vietnam and as
directed by the manufacturer.
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- Time to
raise per season: 3-4 months (from PL 15);
- The number
of breeding seasons per year: 1-2 seasons;
- Stocking
season: In compliance with farming seasonal calendar of each locality;
- Breeding
shrimp must be ensured quality by Vietnam standards and current regulations of
the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; it must have quarantine
certificates of specialized management agencies. Breeding shrimps must be
bought from the facilities which have been issued certificates of achieving
quality standard;
- Stocking
density: more than 20 shrimps/m2;
- Regulated
size of breeds: PL15;
- Stocking
method: stock at dawn or dusk, when pond water’s temperature is low in day.
Avoid stocking shrimps when it is hot; water temperature is high or when it is
raining. It needs to soak breed bag in the breeding pond for about 10-15
minutes before stocking shrimp into the pond.
c) Care:
Feeding
shrimps: use industrial pellet feed processed domestically or imported feed for
feeding shrimp. Quality of feed must be ensured to have the total nitrogen
content from 30 to 40%. Feed and its additives must be on the list of feed
which are allowed to circulate in Vietnam.
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Table: The
time of feeding shrimps and amount of feed of each time in day
Time
in day
Percentage
% feeding compared with total weight of feed per
6
o’clock
20
10
o’clock
10
16
o’clock
20
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25
23
o’clock
25
- The amount
of feed based on age and weight of shrimp raised in pond are under the
manufacturer's instructions.
- Method of
feeding: When feeding shrimp, it must spread evenly throughout the pond
surface. Each feeding, it needs to check the status of shrimp’s feed use to
adjust feed intake accordingly for the next time. Method to check and adjust as
follows:
+ Each ha of
shrimp breeding pond is placed from 6 to 8 trays (floor of feeding) around the
pond. Area of each floor of feeding is about 0.4 to 0.8m2. After
spreading feed evenly throughout the pond surface, retain from 2-4% of the
amount of feed which has just fed shrimp to spread in the floor of feeding;
about 1-3 hours later, re-inspect the floor of feeding to decide on the
increase or decrease of the amount of feed for the next time;
+ When
finding the shrimp to be molt, reduce 20-30% of amount of feed for the next
time;
+ When
finding the shrimps to get feed poorly, pond water to be unclear or on the hot
sunny days, water temperature is high, reduce the amount of feed for shrimp;
+ In the cool
days, it can increase the amount of feed for shrimp.
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- Treatment
of water to supply to the breeding pond: During the pond preparation and before
stocking breeding shrimp, it must take water into sedimentation containing
ponds for biological treatment. If water is contaminated, it must be handled by
chlorine treatment with a concentration of about 30 ppm for 12 hours or fomol
with a concentration of 30ppm or chemicals on the list of permitted circulation
in Vietnam. Not to get water into the pond in the rainy, storm days.
- Get water
into the breeding pond: Regular maintain the water pond depth of 1.5 m or more.
- Supplement water
for the breeding pond: On the hot days, water temperature and salinity increase
highly, it must timely to add new water treated to stabilize the temperature
and salinity for shrimp breeding ponds. Amount of newly added water each time
is about 10-15% by volume of pond water.
- Change
water for the breeding pond:
+ When the
pond water is contaminated or shrimps are ill or shrimps are difficult to
moult, it must carry out withdrawal of pond bottom water layer of about 10-15%
of volume of pond water to replace with new water treated for the pond;
+ When the
pond water salinity exceeds 30%, it must add fresh water to reduce salinity
below 30%.
- Check the
quality of pond water:
+ Daily
monitor the indicators of dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, depth, clarity and
color of pond water;
+
Periodically, monitor the indicators of environmental factors of the pond water
such as BOD, NH3-N, H2S, NO2-N to adjust to suit the raised shrimp.
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- Every day,
check the pond banks, culverts, ditches, detect and promptly handle leaks,
hollows, landslides;
- Regularly
clean trash nets, water filter, floor of feeding, remove trash and dirt, algae
around the pond, banks, pond corners, manholes, water fan.
- Always
ensure content of dissolved oxygen in water more than 4 mg/liter according to
the breeding technical requirements by the following measures:
+ Each pond
should have an air compressor to blow air from the pond bottom to increase
volume of dissolved oxygen and evenly distribute water oxygen;
+ Each pond
should put at least two water fans to increase volume of dissolved oxygen and
produce flow for the waste collection into the middle of pond bottom;
+ Time and
mode of operation of the above machinery depend on the amount of oxygen
dissolved in water, density and size of shrimp. In general, the number of hours
of operation is increased from a few hours each day in the first month of
culture to 14-16 hours per day when approaching harvest time. On the days of
bad weather, it can operate the machines continuously all day; in the course of
use, regularly check the system of water fans; aeration machine to repair,
adjust promptly the damages;
- Once every
10 days, sample breeding shrimp (30 shrimps/sample) to check the growth rate.
In the first two months, it is sampled with hooves, from third month onwards,
it is sampled with casting-net;
- Regularly
check ponds, if trash fishes are detected, it must be handled timely by use of
chemicals killing miscellaneous matters.
e) Management
of shrimp health:
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- Once every
10 days, sample one time to observe supplementation, the color of shrimp body,
the feed in the stomach, intestines, gills, liver, pancreas;
- When
finding the shrimps to have abnormal or pathological signs, must clearly
identify the reasons for handling.
g) Harvest:
- Use
casting-net to catch sampling to check medium volume and the expression of
shrimp diseases. If the shrimps have reached an average size of more than
25g/individual, then conduct the harvest;
- The shrimp
farms must stop using antibiotics, chemicals before the shrimp harvest as
directed by the manufacturer.
APPENDIX VII
TECHNOLOGY PROCESS OF SEMI-INTENSIVE FARMING OF
SHRIMP (PENAEUS MONODON) SUBJECT TO PILOT INSURANCE
(Issued together with Circular No.47/2011/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 29, 2011 of
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
1.
Subjects and scope of application
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2.
Conditions of application
a) Pond
conditions:
- Pond has an
area of 1,000 m2 or more; water depth from 1.2m or more;
- Pond must have
separate water supply and sewage drainage, pond banks are required firmly, not
being leaked. Pond bottom must be reinforced waterproof, flat base, steep tilt
toward the drains (or use pumper to pump water in and out).
b) The pond
water environment in the process of breeding shrimp must be ensured to meet the
following criteria:
Table:
Indicators of water quality in the pond environment
No.
Criteria
Unit
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Permitted
extension
1
BOD5
mg/l
≤
20
<
30
2
NH3
mg/l
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<
0.3
3
H2S
mg/l
≤
0.03
<
0.05
4
NO2
mg/l
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<
0.35
5
pH
7.5
÷ 8.5
8.0
÷ 8.3
7
÷ 9, fluctuation in day not exceeding 0.5
6
Temperature
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20
¸ 30
18
÷ 33
7
Saltness
‰
10
¸ 25
5
÷ 35
8
Dissolved oxygen (DO)
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≥
4
≥
3.5
9
Clarity
cm
30
÷ 35
20
÷ 50
10
Alkali
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80
÷ 120
60
÷ 180
3. The
contents of the process (see process of intensive farming shrimp (Penaeus
monodon) of pilot application of agricultural insurance)
a)
Preparation of pond:
Before each
shrimp season, it must prepare ponds according to the following contents:
- Drain water
in pond, dredge, plow, lime, dry pond;
- For new
ponds and pond construction in the acidic, alkaline, acidic removal prior to
adoption by the following measures:
+ Sprinkle
lime are present in the pond and the pond. The amount of lime used depending on
soil pH, refer to the following table:
Table: The
amount of lime to remove the acidity of pond
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+ Sprinkle
lime on the pond bottom and inside of the pond banks. The amount of lime powder
used depends on soil’s pH, refer to the following table:
Table: The
amount of lime to remove the acidity of pond used for breeding shrimp
pH
of soil in bottom, pond banks
Amount
of lime (kg/ha)
5.1
– 5.5
800
- 1000
5.6
– 6.0
500
- 800
6.1
– 6.5
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6.6
– 7.0
100
- 200
+ Keep dry
pond in about 7-10 days;
+ Get the
deposited water from the containing pond into the breeding pond through
filtering net with mesh size 2a = 5 mm; water level of 1.5 m or more;
+ For the old
pond: lime an amount of 100-200 kg/ha;
+ Removal of
extraneous matter: Use some types of chemicals killing extraneous matter
permitted for circulation in Vietnam and use according to directions on labels;
+
Fertilization creating natural feed culture: 7 days prior to stocking breeding
shrimps, use inorganic fertilizers to fertilize the pond. Use additional
biological products, or artificial algae to create water color and culture
beneficial bacteria in the pond;
After 7 days,
if breeding shrimps have not been stocked, it must re-conduct the measure
fertilizing to create natural feed for the pond;
+ Drugs,
substances of treatment and improvement of the environment used must be the one
included in the list of those permitted for circulation in Vietnam and as
directed by the manufacturer
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- Time to
raise per season: 3-4 months (from PL 15);
- The number
of breeding seasons per year: 1-2 seasons;
- Stocking
season: In compliance with farming seasonal calendar of each locality;
- Breeding
shrimp must be ensured quality by Vietnam standards and current regulations of
the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; it must have quarantine
certificates of specialized management agencies. Breeding shrimps must be
bought from the facilities which have been issued certificates of achieving
quality standard;
- Stocking
density: less than 20 shrimps/m2;
- Regulated
size of breeds: PL15;
- Stocking
method: stock at dawn or dusk, when pond water’s temperature is low in day.
Avoid stocking shrimps when it is hot; water temperature is high or when it is
raining. It needs to soak breed bag in the breeding pond for about 10-15
minutes before stocking shrimp into the pond.
c) Care:
Feeding
shrimps: use industrial pellet feed processed domestically or imported feed for
feeding shrimp. Quality of feed must be ensured to have the total nitrogen
content from 30 to 40%. Feed and its additives must be on the list of feed
which are allowed to circulate in Vietnam.
...
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Table: The
time of feeding shrimps and amount of feed of each time in day
Time
in day
Percentage
% feeding compared with total weight of feed per
6
o’clock
20
10
o’clock
10
16
o’clock
20
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
25
23
o’clock
25
- The amount
of feed is based on age and weight of shrimp in ponds under the manufacturer's
instructions;
- Method of
feeding: When feeding shrimp, it must spread evenly throughout the pond surface.
Each feeding, it needs to check the status of shrimp’s feed use to adjust feed
intake accordingly for the next time. Method to check and adjust as follows:
+ Each ha of
shrimp breeding pond is placed from 6 to 8 trays (floor of feeding) around the
pond. Area of each floor of feeding is about 0.4 to 0.8m2. After
spreading feed evenly throughout the pond surface, retain from 2-4% of the
amount of feed which has just fed shrimp to spread in the floor of feeding;
about 1-3 hours later, re-inspect the floor of feeding to decide on the
increase or decrease of the amount of feed for the next time;
+ When
finding the shrimp to be molt, reduce 20-30% of amount of feed for the next
time;
+ When
finding the shrimps to get feed poorly, pond water to be unclear or on the hot
sunny days, water temperature is high, reduce the amount of feed for shrimp;
+ In the cool
days, it can increase the amount of feed for shrimp.
...
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
- Treatment
of water to supply to the breeding pond: During the pond preparation and before
stocking breeding shrimp, it must take water into sedimentation containing
ponds for biological treatment. If water is contaminated, it must be handled by
chlorine treatment with a concentration of about 30 ppm for 12 hours or fomol
with a concentration of 30ppm or chemicals on the list of permitted circulation
in Vietnam. Not to get water into the pond in the rainy, storm days.
- Get water
into the breeding pond: Regular maintain the water pond depth of 1.5 m or more.
- Supplement
water for the breeding pond: On the hot days, water temperature and salinity
increase highly, it must timely to add new water treated to stabilize the
temperature and salinity for shrimp breeding ponds. Amount of newly added water
each time is about 10-15% by volume of pond water.
- Change
water for the breeding pond:
+ When the
pond water is contaminated or shrimps are ill or shrimps are difficult to
moult, it must carry out withdrawal of pond bottom water layer of about 10-15%
of volume of pond water to replace with new water treated for the pond;
+ When the
pond water salinity exceeds 30%, it must add fresh water to reduce salinity
below 30%.
- Check the
quality of pond water:
+ Daily
monitor the indicators of dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, depth, clarity and
color of pond water;
+
Periodically, monitor the indicators of environmental factors of the pond water
such as BOD, NH3-N, H2S, NO2-N to adjust to suit the raised shrimp.
...
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
- Every day,
check the pond banks, culverts, ditches, detect and promptly handle leaks,
hollows, landslides;
- Regularly
clean trash nets, water filter, floor of feeding, remove trash and dirt, algae
around the pond, banks, pond corners, manholes, water fan.
- Always
ensure content of dissolved oxygen in water more than 4 mg/liter according to
the breeding technical requirements by the following measures:
+ Each pond
should have an air compressor to blow air from the pond bottom to increase
volume of dissolved oxygen and evenly distribute water oxygen;
+ Each pond
should put at least two water fans to increase volume of dissolved oxygen and
produce flow for the waste collection into the middle of pond bottom;
+ Time and
mode of operation of the above machinery depend on the amount of oxygen
dissolved in water, density and size of shrimp. In general, the number of hours
of operation is increased from a few hours each day in the first month of
culture to 14-16 hours per day when approaching harvest time. On the days of
bad weather, it can operate the machines continuously all day;
In the course
of use, regularly checks the system of water fans, aeration machine to repair,
adjust promptly the damages;
- Once every
10 days, sample breeding shrimp (30 shrimps/sample) to check the growth rate.
In the first two months, it is sampled with hooves, from third month onwards,
it is sampled with casting-net;
- Regularly
check ponds, if trash fishes are detected, it must be handled timely by use of
chemicals killing miscellaneous matters.
...
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- Regularly
observe shrimp activity, especially at night in order to promptly detect
abnormalities in the pond;
- Once every
10 days, sample one time to observe supplementation, the color of shrimp body,
the feed in the stomach, intestines, gills, liver, pancreas;
- When
finding the shrimps to have abnormal or pathological signs, must clearly
identify the reasons for handling.
g) Harvest:
- Use casting-net
to catch sampling to check medium volume and the expression of shrimp diseases.
If the shrimps have reached an average size of more than 25g/individual, then
conduct the harvest;
- The shrimp
farms must stop using antibiotics, chemicals before the shrimp harvest as
directed by the manufacturer.
APPENDIX VIII
TECHNOLOGY PROCESS OF IMPROVING EXTENSIVE FARMING
OF SHRIMP (PENAEUS MONODON) SUBJECT TO PILOT INSURANCE
(Issued together with Circular No.47/2011/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 29, 2011 of
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
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This
procedure shall specify the order, content and technical requirements for
improving extensive farming of shrimp (Penaeus monodon, Fabricus 1798), applied
to the farms in the provinces and cities directly under the Central Government
participating in pilot agricultural insurance.
2.
Conditions of application
- Pond has an
area of 7,000 m2 or more; water depth of 1.2 m or more; The ponds
having area of more than 1 ha will be required to have from 1/3 to 1/2 pond’s
area reached a depth of at least 1.2m. Pond banks must be firmly; not be leaked
to keep the water and prevent the spread of disease if the environment of the
breeding area is not good.
3. The
process of improving extensive farming of shrimp (Penaeus monodon)
a)
Preparation of ponds:
- Dredge the
pond bottom mud layer about 20cm deep to avoid dredging too deep because the
salt-water lands have potential acid layer away the ground surface only about
50cm. Repair pond banks, clean grasses, trash and dirt;
- Lime:
Depending on the pH of the soil to fertilize appropriate amount of lime;
- Dry the
pond bottom.
b) Water
treatment:
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c) Removal of
trash fishes:
The case by
case basis, if there are many fierce fishes in the pond, kill them by the
following forms: Use chemicals as directed by the manufacturer or kill them by
such means as: fishing, spreading a net ... It should keep the fishes eating
natural food, eating selectively, not eating shrimp to clean water and have
extra income.
d) Selection
of breeds:
Choose the
uninfected, healthy breeds which have been supplied by the prestigious
producing farms that have been grant certificate of qualification. It should
stock PL12-PL15-sized shrimps. Shrimp breeds must be granted certificate of
quarantine by the competent authority. Method of selection of breeds is as
follows:
- Methods of
sense organs: Healthy breeding shrimps shall have bright color, no uninjured,
same sizes, agile; slender, long, spreading fan-shaped tail, closed V-shaped
beard when swimming. It can assess health of shrimps by using water basin to
stock shrimp in, rotate water, healthy shrimp will cling to the basin wall,
swim upstream; and weak shrimp will be primarily collected in the middle of the
basin, when tap into the basin wall, healthy shrimp will respond quickly by
flip jump, in addition, it can check with "shock" salinity.
- Method of
causing shock by salinity: Take 100 breeding shrimps and stock into the glass
of water (a half of the water taken from the breeds farms and a half to be
fresh water) and wait for 45 minutes - 1 hour. If shrimps are died under-5
shrimps, that breed can be chosen for stocking.
đ) Stocking
and training of breeds:
- Training of
breeds: pure method (salinity, pH, temperature ....): Stock all shrimps and
water of the shrimp bag into a plastic barrel of 60 liters, then take water of
the shrimp breeding pond to pour into the plastic barrel containing shrimp
breeding (5 minutes pour 1 liter), or use water bag to hang on the barrel mouth
for water to flow gradually into the barrel. Until the barrel is filled with
water, then it can proceed to stock shrimps into the pond.
- Stocking
breeds: It should stock shrimp in a wind-swept place, stock at dawn or dusk
(not stocking when it is heavy rain). Stocking density is from 8-10 shrimps/ m2.
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Because of
extensive farming form, so it is difficult to manage factors such as alkalinity,
dissolved oxygen, temperature, NH3 and H2S toxic gas ... so we can only manage
factors such as pH, water clarity and color.
Pond water is
good conditions for micro-organisme and algae to grow, so depending on which
algae dominates, it will make the water color be different and also affect
shrimps:
-
Yellow-brown water: Mainly caused by Tao Khue (Diatomeae), this algae is a good
type of feed for shrimp;
- Pale blue
water: caused by green algae, this is also a good type of feed for shrimp;
- Dark blue
water: caused by deep blue algae, this algae is not good for shrimp’s growth
(growth retardation) and causes the phenomenon of blue shrimp (treatment by
replacing 30-50% of water in the pond);
- Dark brown
water: caused by Tao giap (dinoflagellata). This algae can cause environmental
contamination, be very harmful to the shrimps. (Discharge water in, out
constantly to clean up the environment combined with the use of racket to pick
up the Lap Lap in the pond);
- Yellow
water: caused by yellow algae, causing malnutrition to environment, so shrimp
shall be slow to grow and survival rate is low. (Handling by replacing 30-50%
of water in pond and lime CaCO3 with a dose of 15-20 kg/1,000 m3
water);
- Clear water
or water with rusty yellow: formed by alkaline soil so pH is very low. Algae is
less developed, shrimps are lack of feed, slow to grow and survival rate is
low;
To stabilize
the water quality in shrimp pond, it needs to pay attention to water intake, do
not get water into the pond when water of the channel (river) is too dirty, to
discharge surface water in pond and lime CaCO3 of 15 - 20kg/1,000 m2
on pond banks at the times of heavy rain. It is better to use lime of CaCO3
with a dose of 15 - 20kg/1,000 m3 after the end of harvest to kill
miscellaneous matters, disinfect, stimulate algae growth and to avoid the
shrimp’ being shocked by the pH change.
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Because
shrimps are raised under form of improving extensive farming, so the shrimp
density is less than 10 shrimps/m2, not using industrial feed, its
major feed source is natural feed (algae and micro-phytoplankton) which is
available in shrimp ponds. To complement feed for raised shrimps, leaves can be
added into pond such as Mangrove leaves, “Mam” leaves (with the highest
nitrogen content), “Da”, “Gia”, weeds, vines .... Because bacteria decompose
these leaves into good feed for shrimps, and this is also the source of green
manure to improve the color of pond water and enable the beneficial algae
growth and development. It can periodically use biological products under the
manufacturer's instructions.
h) Epidemic
management: This is one of the very difficult tasks in the process of improving
extensive farming of shrimps, because shrimps are raised in a wide area, so it
could not be based on treatment with drugs and chemicals, but can only control
epidemics through the inputs. A few notes for farmers to be able to limit the
epidemics during the shrimp farming process:
- Repair pond
according to proper technique;
- Select and
stock the good breeds which have been quarantined;
- Apply the
method of taking and discharging water through the sewer (referred to in
section 1) to clean water;
- In the case
shrimps got trouble, the water level in the pond must be lowered down to one
third for a period from 15-30 days, at the same time use the manual method
(pick up the shrimp got disease) in order to avoid spread of disease.
i) Harvest of
shrimps: After shrimps are about 4-5 months old, it can harvest them.
* Note:
During the shrimp farming, not to use drugs, chemicals, antibiotics which are
in the banned list (the Circular No.15/2009/TT-BNNPTNT). If feed, drugs,
biologic products, products of treatment and improvement of the environment are
used in shrimp farming, they must be the one included in the list of those
permitted for circulation in Vietnam.
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TECHNOLOGY PROCESS OF INTENSIVE FARMING OF SHRIMP
(LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI) SUBJECT TO PILOT INSURANCE
(Issued together with Circular No.47/2011/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 29, 2011 of
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
1.
Subjects and scope of application
This
procedure shall specify the order, content and technical requirements for
intensive farming of shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei), applied to the farms in the
provinces and cities directly under the Central Government participating in
pilot agricultural insurance.
2.
Conditions of application
- Water
supplied from sea water, not polluted;
- Fence with
net around the pond for avoiding intermediate host species causing disease such
as crabs and mall crabs, snakes ...
- Pond area
is from 1,000 m2 or more, the water level reaches 1.4 m or more;
- Pond must
have separate inlet and outlet culverts and made sure not being leaked. Inlet
culvert must have a water filter to remove trash, pest and waste lawn into the
pond when supplying the water into pond (or use pumper to pump water into or
out the pond);
- Raising
infrastructure must meet production requirements.
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a)
Preparation of pond:
- Pond
repair:
+ Dredge
sediments, plow pond bottom, lime with an appropriate amount. Repair pond
banks, check sewers system, the channels system of water supply and drainage.
Reinforce pond banks firmly, not being leaked, osmotic;
+ Dry pond
bottom 3-4 days for sterilizing pond bottom;
+ Get water
in pond through the filter, reaching 1.4 m or more.
- Water
treatment:
+ Water
disinfection: it can use one of the types of chemicals such as iodine
compounds, potassium permanganate... with an amount as instructed by the
manufacturer;
+ If the pond
raised sick shrimps at the previous season, so it should make water
disinfection by chlorine with concentration of 20 ppm.
- Add
beneficial bacteria to create water color:
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+ Creation of
water color should be done in the warm weather. NPK fertilizer is often used
(type 20-20 -0) with urea in a 1:1 ratio for an amount of 1-2 kg/1,000 m3
in 2-3 days;
+ Time to
create watercolor is about 4-5 days, when the color of water in the pond is
good, then stock breeding shrimps. Good water color is brown or green of
premature banana leaves, clarity degree is from 30cm to 40cm;
+ It should
check pH, alkalinity ... to control these factors in the suitable range for
shrimp farming.
-
Physical-chemical indicators of pond water are required to achieve before
stocking breeding shrimps:
No.
Criteria
Unit
Optimal
level
Permitted
extension
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BOD5
mg/l
≤
20
<
30
2
NH3
mg/l
≤
0,1
<
0,3
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H2S
mg/l
≤
0.03
<
0.05
4
NO2
mg/l
≤
0.25
<
0.35
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pH
7.5
÷ 8.5
8.0
÷ 8.3
7
÷ 9, fluctuation in day not exceeding 0.5
6
Temperature
0C
20
÷ 30
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7
Saltness
‰
10
÷ 25
5
÷ 35
8
Dissolved
oxygen (DO)
mg/l
≥
4
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9
Clarity
cm
30
÷ 35
20
÷ 50
10
Alkali
mg/l
80
÷ 120
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b) Stocking
breeds:
- Selection
of breeding shrimp:
+ Origin:
PL12 white legs breeding shrimp must be produced from broodstock of quality
assurance in accordance with provisions, with a clear origin and quarantine certificates
by competent agencies.
Breeding
shrimps for farming must be ensured quality by standards of Vietnam and the
current regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
+ Criteria of
sense organs:
The operating
status: shrimps swim by herd, upstream run continuously around the tank or
basin, well reflect upon the impact of sudden loud noise or light;
- Appearance:
complete auxiliary parts, the rectangular belly internode; balance head and
body, no defects; tail opened V-shaped when swimming;
Color:
natural color of the species.
Body length:
body length is more than 9mm, shrimps have the same size, and different ratio
is not more than 10%.
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+ Stock
shrimps into the pond when the pond water has been created color well for
enough natural feed for shrimps. Before shrimps are stocked, it needs to check
the environmental factors such as pH, alkalinity, salinity ... between the
breeding farms and ponds. If there is a difference, it must be adjusted
appropriately to avoid causing shock to the breeding herd;
+ Stock at
dawn or dusk, when pond water’s temperature is low in day. Avoid stocking
shrimps when it is hot; water temperature is high or when it is raining. It
needs to soak breed bag in the breeding pond for about 10-15 minutes before
stocking shrimp into the pond:
+ Stocking
season: Compliance with seasonal calendar of each locality;
+ Stocking
densities: more than 60 shrimps/ m2.
c) Care,
Management:
+ Feed and
feed supplements must be the one included in the list of those permitted for
circulation in Vietnam;
+ Feeding
(number of times to feed, amount of feeding, method of feeding) is in
compliance with instruction of the manufacturer;
+ Regularly
monitor the use of shrimp feed to adjust properly to avoid causing waste and
feed excess polluting the water in the pond.
- Management
of ponds environment: Regular monitor water color changes, changes of
environmental indicators, shrimp health to take measures of timely handling.
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+ The water
level in the pond should be maintained at lowest level as 1.4 m;
+
Periodically, supplement probiotics to limit environmental pollution;
+ Raise the
water level to achieve maximum level for temperature stability;
+ When getting
the water in, it needs to consult environmental monitoring information provided
by the agency of local fisheries management.
* Note:
During the shrimp farming, not to use drugs, chemicals, antibiotics which are
in the banned list (the Circular No.15/2009/TT-BNNPTNT). If feed, drugs,
biologic products, products of treatment and improvement of the environment are
used in shrimp farming, they must be the one included in the list of those
permitted for circulation in Vietnam.
d) Harvest
- The farms
raising shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) must stop using antibiotics, chemicals
before harvest of shrimp occurs as directed by the manufacturer.
- When the
shrimps reach the size of 70-100 shrimps/kg, it should conduct the harvest.
Before proceeding the harvest, it needs to monitor molting cycle, limit state
of shrimp’s soft shell at the above period./.