Luật Tòa án chuyên biệt tại Trung tâm tài chính quốc tế 2025 số 150/2025/QH15

LAW

THE SPECIALIZED COURT AT INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CENTERS

Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam amended by the Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;

The National Assembly promulgates Law on the Specialized Court at International Financial Centers

Chapter I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope

This Law provides for duties, powers; organizational structure, jurisdiction, procedural procedures; enforcement of judgments and decisions; judges, court clerks, representatives of the parties; and assurance of operations conducted by the Specialized Court at International Financial Centers (hereinafter referred to as “the Specialized Court”).

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This Law applies to the Specialized Court, Members of the members of the International Financial Centers, investors, agencies, organizations, and individuals relevant to resolving cases falling under the jurisdiction of the Specialized Court.

Article 3. Principles of organization and operations of the Specialized Court

1. Be independent within their jurisdiction.

2. Judges shall adjudicate independently and solely comply with the laws.

3. Ensure equality before the law and Courts.

4. Affirm first-instance and appellate procedures.

5. Conduct trials in a public manner, except for the case of closed trials in accordance with this Law.

6. Resolve cases in an equal, public, impartial, objective, and quick, and effective manner.

7. Exercise oral arguments in trial.

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9. Ensure the parties’ autonomy.

Article 4. Interpretation of terms

For the purposes of this Law, the terms below shall be construed as follows:

1. The Specialized Court at the International Financial Centers is a court within the system of the People's Courts organized and operating in accordance with the provisions of this Law and has the jurisdiction to adjudicate and settle cases at the International Financial Centers.

2. Proceeding rules of the Specialized Court refer to the regulations issued by the Supreme People's Court to resolve cases at the Specialized Court (hereinafter referred to as “Proceeding rules”).

3. Judge refers to the Judge of the Specialized Court appointed according to the provisions of this Law.

4. Court clerk refers to the Court clerk of the Specialized Court appointed according to the provisions of this Law.

5. Parties include plaintiff (statement of claimer, applicant), the defendant (respondent), and third parties.

6. Case management conference (CMC) refers to a meeting organized by the Judge between the parties to discuss issues related to the progress and process of case resolution, provide guidelines to ensure a quick, equal, and effective resolution of the case

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1. In cases where there are different provisions on the same matter between this Law and other laws or resolutions of the National Assembly, provisions of this Law shall apply.

In case there are different legislative documents providing different provisions on the same issue, legislative documents elaborating this Law shall apply.

2. In cases where laws or resolutions of the National Assembly promulgated after the effective date of this Law contain specific and superior provisions, those provisions shall apply.

3. In cases where international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a member contain provisions that differ from the provisions of this Law, the provisions of the international treaty shall apply.

Article 6. Application of laws to resolve cases at the Specialized Court

1. Procedural laws applying to resolve cases at the Specialized Court shall comply with this Law and Proceeding rules to ensure flexibility and simplification.

2. The application of substantive laws to resolve cases at the Specialized Court is as follows:

a) Vietnamese laws, foreign laws, international commercial practices shall apply as agreed by the parties in cases where at least one party is a foreign individual/organization, except for the case specified in point c of this Clause.

If the parties do not agree on the applicable law, or if they agree but do not specify the applicable law, the law of the country having the closest connection to the case shall apply;

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c) Laws of the country where real estate is located shall apply in cases related to ownership rights, other rights of real estate, leasing real estate, or using real estate as collateral.

3. Foreign laws, international commercial practices shall not apply in cases where the consequences of application are contrary to the public order of Vietnam.

4. The Supreme People's Court shall elaborate this Article.

Chapter II

ORGANIZATION OF THE COURT

Article 7. Organization of the Specialized Court

1. The Specialized Court shall be established in Ho Chi Minh City.

2. The organizational structure of the Specialized Court includes:

a) Court of First Instance;

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c) Assistance apparatuses.

3. The Specialized Court consists of a Chief Judge, Vice Chief Judges, Presidents and Vice Presidents of tribunals, Judges, Clerks, other civil servants and employees.

4. The Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court shall decide on the establishment, and determine the duties and powers of the assistance apparatuses of the Specialized Court.

5. The Specialized Court uses a seal bearing the National Emblem.

Article 8. Powers of the Specialized Court

1. Exercise the jurisdiction of the Court as stipulated in Article 13 of this Law.

2. The Court complies with this Law and Proceeding rules to resolve cases, including:

a) Issue decisions on case management, decisions on applying emergency measures, suspending or terminating settlement of the case, and enforcing decisions;

b) Encourage negotiation, mediation, or other alternative dispute resolution methods;

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d) Handle acts that obstruct the legal proceedings.

3. Resolve recommendations, complaints and denunciation related to personnel and operation of the Specialized Court.

4. Develop and apply precedents.

5. Fulfill tasks and powers regarding the enforcement of judgments.

6. Perform other tasks and powers specified in this Law and Proceeding rules.

Article 9. Chief Judge, Vice Chief Judge of the Specialized Court

1. The appointment, discharge, removal of the Chief Judge/Vice Chief Judge of the Specialized Court:

a) The Chief Judge/Vice Chief Judge of the Specialized Court shall be appointed, discharged, or removed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court;

b) The term of office of the Chief Judge/Vice Chief Judge of the Specialized Court is 5 years from the date of appointment;

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2. Duties and powers of the Chief Judge of the Specialized Court include:

a) Organize trial and resolution of cases of the Specialized Court; take responsibility for ensuring that the Court is independent within their jurisdiction and the Judges shall adjudicate independently and solely in accordance with the laws;

b) Issue decisions and conduct procedural procedures in accordance with this Law and Proceeding rules;

c) Perform tasks and powers in personnel organization according to the devolution of the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court;

d) Propose foreigners, Vietnamese citizens as Judges at the Specialized Court;

dd) Perform administrative management, take responsibility, and report the Specialized Court’s operations to the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court;

e) Propose to the competent authority on issues relevant to the organization and operation of the Specialized Court;

g) Issue regulations; provide guidance for proceeding persons, representatives of the parties engaging in proceedings at the Specialized Court;

h) Organize the trial and resolution of cases on electronic environment;

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k) Perform other tasks and powers specified in this Law, Proceeding rules, and other relevant laws.

3. Duties and powers of the Vice Chief Judge of the Specialized Court include:

a) Perform tasks and powers as assigned by the Chief Judge of the Specialized Court;

b) Hold accountable under laws and to the Chief Judge of the Specialized Court for the performance of assigned tasks and powers;

c) Perform other tasks and powers specified in Proceeding rules and other relevant laws.

Article 10. Judges

1. The Judge includes:

a) Foreign individuals appointed as Judges in accordance with Clause 2 of this Article;

b) Vietnamese citizens appointed as Judges in accordance with Clause 3 of this Article;

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a) He/she is a current or former Judge overseas; lawyer/expert who possess good reputation and ethics, suitable professional qualifications, and knowledge in investment and business laws;

b) He/she possess at least 10 years of experience in adjudication activities and settlement of cases related to investment and business activities;

c) He/she is proficient in English for adjudication activities and settlement of cases at the Specialized Court;

d) He/she is under 75 years of age and has good health to fulfill the assigned tasks.

3. The Judge who is a Vietnamese citizen must meet the following standards and requirements:

a) In the case of appointing a judge who is a civil servant, lawyer, arbitrator, university lecturer, scientist, or expert, he/she must have a good reputation and ethics, appropriate professional knowledge and knowledge in investment and business laws; have at least 10 years of experience participating in adjudication and resolution of cases related to investment and business activities; is proficient in English for adjudication activities and settlement of cases at the Specialized Court; is under 75 years of age and has good health to fulfill the assigned tasks; 

b) In the case of appointing a judge who is a People's Court judge as prescribed by the Law on Organization of People's Courts, he/she must have an appropriate professional knowledge and knowledge in investment and business laws

4. Judges are appointed by the President of Vietnam at the request of the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court. The office term of the Judge is 5 years from the date of appointment.

Judges shall not act as legal representatives or lawyers in the Specialized Court. Judges shall fulfill their duties and powers as prescribed in this Law and Proceeding Rules; comply with Code of Conduct for Judges of the Specialized Court issued by the Supreme People's Court.

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The working regime, management, supervision, and responsibilities of the Judges specified in clause 2 and point a Clause 3 of this Article shall be determined by the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court.

6. The Judges specified in point b Clause 3 of this Article who are civil servants in the Court shall retire in accordance with Law on Cadres and Civil Servants.

7. Judges may be discharged for health reasons, retirement, relief from duty, end of term without reappointment, transfer to other duties, failure to fulfill duties, personal wishes, or other reasons.

8. A judge may be removed from office if he/she is imposed an effective sentence by court, commits violations concerning ethical qualities, or engages in misconduct and is no longer fit to hold the position of Judge.

9. At the request of duty, a Judge specified in point b of clause 3 of this Article may be seconded by the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court to adjudicate cases at the People's Court; in this case, the Judge shall fulfill his/her duties and powers in accordance with Law on the Organization of People's Courts.

10. The Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court shall elaborate the procedures, requirements for appointment, discharge, removal of Judges; and decide on the number of Judges.

Article 11. Protection of Judges

1. Judges are respected with dignity, credibility, and are protected according to the law when performing official duties or for official reasons, and when necessary.

2. Judges are immune from liability when carrying out their duties and powers in accordance with this Law and Proceeding Rules, except for the case where there is evidence that the Judge has committed a serious intentional violation of the law.

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1. The Clerk is recruited and appointed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court, including:

a) Foreigners in accordance with Clause 2 of this Article;

b) Vietnamese citizens in accordance with Clause 3 of this Article;

2. The Clerk who is a foreigner must meet the following standards and requirements:

a) He/she has a good ethics and suitable professional knowledge;

b) He/she has at least 3 years of experience in investment and business legal fields;

c) He/she is proficient in English to perform tasks at the Specialized Court;

d) He/she is under 60 years of age and has good health to fulfill the assigned tasks.

3. The Clerk who is a Vietnamese citizen must meet the following standards and requirements:

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b) In cases where he/she is civil servant in the Court, he/she must have appropriate professional knowledge; have at least 3 years of experience in investment and business legal fields; be proficient in English to perform tasks at the Specialized Court;

4. The Clerk has the following duties and powers:

a) Perform clerk duties during trials and meetings;

b) Perform judicial administrative tasks;

c) Perform other tasks and powers specified in this Law, Proceeding rules, and as assigned by the Chief Justice of the Specialized Court.

5. The Court Clerk specified in Clause 2 and point a Article 2 of this Article, who is not a civil servant, shall work under a contract. The working regime, management, supervision, and responsibilities of Court Clerks specified in clause 2 and point a Clause 3 of this Article shall be determined by the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court.

6. The Court Clerk specified in point b Clause 3 of this Article, who is a civil servant in the Court, shall retire in accordance with Law on Cadres and Civil Servants.

7. The recruitment, appointment, discharge, and removal of the Court Clerk shall be decided by the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court.

Chapter III

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Section 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 13. Jurisdiction of the Specialized Court

1. The Specialized Court has jurisdiction to resolve the following cases, except for cases related to public interests, state interests:

a) Cases related to investment, business between members of the International Financial Centers or between members of the International Financial Centers and non-member organizations or individuals of the International Financial Centers;

b) Requests for recognition and enforcement of judgments, decisions of foreign courts, awards of foreign arbitrators in Vietnam, resolving disputes between members of the International Financial Centers or between members of the International Financial Centers and non-member organizations or individuals of the International Financial Centers;

c) Requests related to arbitration disputes between members of the International Financial Centers or between members of the International Financial Centers and non-member organizations or individuals of the International Financial Centers;

d) Other cases related to investment, business activities at the International Financial Centers where at least one party is a member of the International Financial Centers as stipulated by the Supreme People's Court.

2. The Court of First Instance of the Specialized Court shall have the jurisdiction to adjudicate, resolve cases according to the first-instance procedures specified in Clause 1 of this Article.

3. The Court of Appeal of the Specialized Court shall have the adjudicate, resolve cases according to the appellate procedures of cases where the judgment, decision of the Court of First Instance of the Specialized Court is appealed as stipulated by this Law.

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5. The Supreme People's Court shall elaborate this Article.

Article 14. Spoken and written languages used before the Specialized Court

Spoken and written languages used before the Specialized Court shall be English or English accompanied by a Vietnamese translation. Judgments, decisions of the Court are issued in English or English accompanied by a Vietnamese translation.

Article 15. Participants in first-instance trials, appellate trials

1. The first-instance trial is conducted by 01 Judge. Regarding a complicated case, upon the request of the parties, the Chief Justice of the Specialized Court shall decide to conduct the first-instance trial by 03 Judges.  The appellate trial is conducted by 03 Judges.

2. A Judge who has adjudicated a case according to the first-instance procedure shall not be assigned to adjudicate the same case according to the appellate procedure.

3. The refusal, replacement of Judges, Court Clerks shall comply with the Proceeding Rules.

Article 16. Adjudication and resolution of cases on electronic environment

1. The initiation and processing of the lawsuit; service and notification of procedural documents; payment of fees, court costs, and other procedural costs; submission of materials and evidence; meetings, trials and other procedural procedures shall be carried out in the electronic environment during the adjudication and resolution of cases at the Specialized Court.

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3. The Supreme People's Court shall establish an electronic Specialized Court for adjudication and resolution of cases.

Article 17. Issuance, services, and notification of procedural documents

The issuance, services, and notification of lawsuits, materials, and other procedural documents shall comply with the Proceeding Rules.

Article 18. Prescriptive period for initiating a lawsuit/requesting case resolution at the Specialized Court

Unless otherwise prescribed by law or agreed upon by the parties, the prescriptive period for initiating a lawsuit/requesting case resolution at the Specialized Court is determined as follows:

1. For cases specified in points a and b Clause 1 Article 13 of this Law, the prescriptive period for initiating a lawsuit/requesting case resolution is 6 years from the date on which the event occurs;

2. For cases specified in point c Clause 1 Article 13 of this Law, the prescriptive period shall comply with laws on commercial arbitration.

Article 19. Representative

1. The representatives of the parties participating in a trial at the Specialized Court include:

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b) Foreign lawyers with a valid practicing certificate issued by the competent authority/person of the foreign country;

c) Legal representative(s);

d) Authorized representative。

2. The representatives specified in clause 1 of this Article are legal representatives of parties participating in the trial at the Specialized Court.

3. Legal entities that initiate a lawsuit or are sued according to this Law must be represented by a lawyer, except where the Proceeding Rules have different provisions.

4. The participation in trial of representatives, their rights and obligations shall be carried out in accordance with this Law and Proceeding Rules.

Article 20. Costs of proceedings at the Specialized Court

1. Costs of proceedings include court fees and charges, reasonable fees for lawyers, and other costs to resolve the case as decided by the Court.

2. The requesting party must make an advance payment for costs of proceedings to ensure the costs for resolving the case according to the Court's decision.

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4. The procedures, advance payment, and obligations to bear costs of proceedings shall comply with Proceeding Rules.

5. Levels of costs of proceedings; collection, payment, management, and use of costs of proceedings shall comply with regulations of the Supreme People's Court, after consultation with the Ministry of Finance.

Section 2. CASE RESOLUTION PROCEDURES AT THE SPECIALIZED COURT

Article 21. Lawsuit initiation and issuance of statement of claim

1. Entities have the right to initiate a lawsuit at the Specialized Court to request protection of their lawful rights and interests.

2. Content, form of a statement of claim and accompanying documents; procedures for issuing the statement of claim; procedures and conditions for considering the statement of claim shall comply with Proceeding Rules. The statement of claim and accompanying documents shall be served to the defendant in accordance with regulations.

3. The proceeding procedures commences when the Court issues the statement of claim.

Article 22. Counterclaim of the defendant, request of third parties

1. The defendant has the right to make a counterclaim against the plaintiff or a third party.

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3. The procedures for counterclaim of the defendant, request of third parties shall comply with the Proceeding Rules.

Article 23. Issuance of case resolution decisions

1. Upon the plaintiff's request, the Court shall consider and issue a default judgment when the defendant has received the statement of claim and accompanying documents but fails to respond in writing or send their feedback within the specified time, except for reasonable reasons.

2. Upon the request of one party or multiple parties, the Court may issue an immediate judgment at any stage of the proceedings when the following conditions are met:

a) The plaintiff fails to prove their claim or the defendant fails to refute the plaintiff's claim;

b) there is no reason or convincing evidence to resolve the case at the trial.

3. Except for the cases specified in Clause 1 and Clause 2 of this Article, the Court may issue other decisions to resolve the case in accordance with Proceeding Rules.

4. Conditions and procedures for considering applications for issuance of case resolution decisions shall comply with this Law and Proceeding Rules.

5. The review of case resolution decisions shall comply with the Proceeding Rules.

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1. After the defendant has sent their opinion on the statement of claim in writing, the Judge may organize a meeting for case management. The participants in the meeting include:

a) The Judge presiding the meeting;

b) The parties or their representatives;

c) Others if deemed necessary by the Court.

2. The content of the meeting includes:

a) Identification of the issues and scope of the dispute;

b) The possibilities for negotiation and mediation to resolve the dispute;

c) Disclosure, exchange of documents, evidence; exchange of expert evidence (if necessary);

d) Procedure and deadlines for the implementation of procedural steps;

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e) Other relevant contents.

3. Based on the opinions of the parties, the Judge shall consider and decide on the cases specified in Clause 2 of this Article. The case management decision shall record the agreed and disagreed contents of the parties and the decision of the Judge.  The case management decision shall bind the parties. During implementation, upon request of one or multiple parties, the Judge may consider amending, supplementing the case management decision.

If one or multiple parties fail to comply with the case management decision as specified in this Article, the Judge shall resolve the case in accordance with the Proceeding Rules.

Article 25. Disclosure, presentation, submission of materials and evidence

1. The parties have the obligation to disclose, present, and submit all materials, evidence under their management, possession, except where the Proceeding Rules have different provisions.

2. Materials, evidence presented, submitted by a party to the Court must be sent to the other parties. If a party fails to send materials, evidence to the other parties, such materials, evidence shall not be used by the Court as a basis for resolving the case, except where the Proceeding Rules have different provisions.

3. Upon the request of one or multiple parties, the Court shall consider and decide on requesting agencies, organizations, individuals to provide materials, evidence.

4. The disclosure, presentation, submission of materials, evidence shall comply with the Proceeding Rules.

Article 26. Expert evidence

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2. The appointment of experts; provision and submission of expert reports and accompanying materials; use of expert evidence; responsibilities of the expert and other relevant issues shall comply with the Proceeding Rules.

Article 27. Application of emergency measures

1. Disputing parties shall have the right to request the Court to apply the emergency measures during the proceeding procedures or before the commencement of the proceeding procedures.

The Court's decision to apply emergency measures shall be kept confidential until it is announced.

2. The jurisdiction, procedures, conditions for application, modification, and revocation of emergency measures shall comply with the Proceeding Rules.

Article 28. Emergency measures

1. Seizure of disputed property.

2. Prohibition of the transfer of property right over the property in dispute.

3. Sale of property, goods at risk of damage.

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5. Freezing, seizure, management of property of the obligated person; inspection, sampling, conducting experiments on the property.

6. Prohibition of changing the status of the disputed property.

7. Allowing access to real estate under the ownership/management of a disputing party.

8. Necessary measures to protect evidence, witnesses; inspection, seizure of materials, evidence at risk of destruction.

9. Advance payment for compensation, debt repayment and proceeding costs.

10. Submission of relevant documents, materials, evidence related to the case by the parties, agencies, organizations, and individuals.

11. Prohibition or enforcement of certain acts.

12. Suspension of exit for the obligated person.

13. Suspension of bidding and activities related to bidding.

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15. Other emergency measures as prescribed in the Proceeding Rules or deemed necessary by the Court to resolve the case.

Article 29. Negotiation, mediation

1. During the case resolution process, the Court shall encourage, facilitate the parties to negotiate and mediate. When it is possible to negotiate and mediate, the Court shall allow the parties to negotiate and mediate.

2. In the case of reaching an agreement through negotiation and mediation on the resolution of the case, the Judge shall consider and decide to recognize the agreement of the parties or acknowledges the results of mediation upon request of the parties, except where provided otherwise by law. The decision to recognize the results of mediation shall immediately come into force.

Article 30. Suspension/termination of case proceedings

The suspension/termination of case proceedings; procedures, processes, legal consequences of suspension/termination of case proceedings shall comply with the Proceeding Rules.

Article 31. Preparation before trial

1. The Court may convene a meeting before the trial to ensure the organization of the trial.

2. The preparation of proceeding documents, responsibilities, deadlines for submitting documents, and other related issues shall comply with the Proceeding Rules.

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Article 32. First-instance trial

1. The Court tries publicly. In cases where it is required to preserved state secrets, national traditions and customs; protect minors; protect professional secrets, business secrets, personal privacy as requested by the parties, the Court may conduct a closed trial.

2. The Judge shall conduct the trial in an equal, public, and quick, and effective manner. To be specific:

a) Managing the order of proceedings and presentation time;

b) Identifying the issues and scope of the dispute;

c) Conducting the trial; managing questioning, interrogation between the parties, representatives;

d) Managing the witness presentation and expert witness arguments;

dd) Providing and receiving new materials and evidence;

e) Questioning the parties, witnesses, expert witnesses (if necessary).

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4. After the conclusion of the proceedings, the Judge may pronounce its judgments immediately or announce the time and place to pronounce its judgments. If the Judge shall not pronounce its judgments, the time and place of issuing the judgment or decision shall be notified.

5. The Judge shall issue the judgment on behalf of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

6. The Supreme People's Court shall provide guidance on the trial management content, issuance of judgments or decisions in the Proceeding Rules.

Article 33. Validity of first-instance judgments/decisions

1. The first-instance judgment/decision of the Specialized Court, which is not appealed, has legal validity.

2. The first-instance judgment/decision of the Specialized Court may be appealed by the parties. The validity of the first-instance judgment/decision which is appealed shall comply with the Proceeding Rules.

3. The first-instance judgment/decision of the Specialized Court is appealed; the case will be adjudicated and resolved according to Article 35 and Article 36 of this Law and the Proceeding Rules.

Article 34. Right to appeal

1. Parties, representatives of parties, other individuals relevant to the judgment/decision of the Specialized Court have the right to appeal the first-instance judgment/decision, decision to resolve the case; decision for suspending case resolution, decision for suspending case resolution issued by the First-instance court of the Specialized Court to request the Appellate Court of the Specialized Court to re-adjudicate through appellate procedures.

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3. The appellant must provide the other parties with a copy of the appeal, additional materials and evidence which have been enclosed with the appeal.

Article 35. Appellate procedures

1. The appeal shall be considered and accepted in accordance with the Proceeding Rules.

2. If the conditions for consideration and resolution are met through appellate procedures, the Chief Judge of the Specialized Court shall establish an adjudication panel consisting of 03 Judges to adjudicate and resolve the case and assign a Judge to preside over the trial.

3. The Appellate Court has the jurisdiction to uphold, amend, annul, and other jurisdiction over the judgment/decision of the First-instance court.

4. The appellate judgment/decision is final and shall not be further appealed through cassation or reopening procedures.

5. The Supreme People's Court shall elaborate this Article in the Proceeding Rules.

Article 36. Procedures for resolving requests

The resolution of requests specified in points b and c Clause 1 Article 13 of this Law shall comply with corresponding provisions of this Law and the Proceeding Rules.

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Article 37. Jurisdiction to issue decisions on the enforcement of judgment/decision of the Specialized Court

The Specialized Court has the Jurisdiction to issue decisions on the enforcement of judgment/decision which has come into force as follows:

1. Judgment/decision of the First-instance court;

2. Judgment/decision of the Appellate court;

Article 38. Decision and organization of the enforcement of judgment/decision of the Specialized Court

1. Within a period of 6 years from the date on which the judgment/decision comes into force, the party to be enforced or the party obligated to enforce the judgment has the right to request the Specialized Court to issue a decision on the enforcement of the judgment.

If the deadline for fulfilling obligations is determined in the judgment/decision, the 6-year period shall be counted from such deadline.

For a periodic enforcement judgment/decision, the 6-year period shall apply to each period, counted from the deadline.

The Specialized Court shall enforce immediately for decisions to apply, amend, or revoke emergency measures and other measures as per the Proceeding Rules.

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3. During the consideration and issuance of judgment enforcement decisions or judgment enforcement, the Judge enforcing the judgment may issue one or multiple decisions to ensure the judgment enforcement. To be specific:

a) Freezing accounts or assets;

b) Seizure of assets and papers; inspection, seizure of materials and evidence at risk of destruction, assets at risk of dispersal;

c) Suspension of transactions, registrations/transfer of ownership, use or modification of the status of assets;

d) Exit ban;

dd) Prohibition or enforcement of certain acts.

e) Other decisions according to this Law and guiding documents for enforcement.

4. During the judgment enforcement, unless otherwise stipulated by law, the Judge enforcing the judgment may issue one or multiple decisions to apply the following enforcement measures:

a) Deduction of funds from accounts; collection of funds, handling of negotiable instruments;

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c) Exploitation of assets;

d) Seizure, handling of assets, including assets held by a third party;

dd) Transfer of property, objects, documents;

e) Compelling or prohibiting the performance of certain tasks;

e) Other measures as prescribed by this Law and guiding documents for judgment enforcement.

5. Decisions on judgment enforcement, notices, summonses, and other documents relevant to enforcement shall be sent to relevant agencies, organizations, individuals, and third parties with rights and obligations to perform according to the content of those documents.

6. Appeals, complaints and jurisdiction and procedures for resolving appeals, complaints regarding decisions on judgment enforcement shall be carried out according to the Proceeding Rules.

7. The Government of Vietnam, the Supreme People's Court shall elaborate this Article.

Article 39. Responsibilities of agencies, organizations, and individuals in enforcement of judgments/decisions of the Specialized Court

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2. If any opposition or obstruction arises during the enforcement of the judgment/decision, the Court shall request the police force to cooperate in ensure order and safety in accordance with regulations.

Chapter IV

ASSURANCE OF OPERATIONS OF THE SPECIALIZED COURT

Article 40. Remuneration, salaries, allowances, and other welfares

1. The State shall provide incentives regarding remuneration, salaries, allowances, and other welfares for Judges, Court Clerks, other civil servants, and employees at the Specialized Court.

2. Remuneration, salaries, allowances, and other welfares for entities specified in Clause 1 of this Article shall not be lower than those applicable to cadres, civil servants, public employees, and employees in the Executive body or the Supervisory body of the International Financial Centers and shall comply with regulations of the Supreme People's Court, after consultation with the Government.

3. Judges specified in Clause 2 and point a Clause 3 Article 10 of this Law shall receive remuneration and other welfares for the cases assigned to adjudicate and resolve. Court Clerks specified in Clause 2 and point a Clause 3 Article 12 of this Law shall receive remuneration and other welfares according to the contract.

4. Judges specified in point b Clause 3 Article 10 of this Law, Court Clerks specified in point b Clause 2 Article 12 of this Law shall receive salaries, allowances, and other welfares as prescribed in Clause 2 of this Article.

Article 41. Training and retraining mechanisms 

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Article 42. Operational funding, infrastructure

1. The State shall invest in infrastructure; ensure funding and operating conditions of the Specialized Court.

2. Local budgets and the International Financial Centers shall provide financial assistance to invest in head office, infrastructure, welfares, and other operations of the Specialized Court.

3. Revenues of court fees and charges at the Specialized Court shall be submitted into the state budget for payment of remuneration, salaries, allowances, and other welfares for Judges, Court Clerks, other civil servants, and employees at the Specialized Court.

Chapter V

IMPLEMENTATION CLAUSES

Article 43. Amendment, supplement to relevant Laws

Clause 2 Article 62 of the Law on the Organization of People's Courts No. 34/2024/QH15, amended and supplemented by the Law No. 81/2025/QH15, shall be annulled.

Article 44. Effect

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2. The Government and the Supreme People's Court shall, within their duties and powers, organize the implementation of this Law; promulgate guiding documents and guidelines for the implementation of certain Articles in this Law and other contents to ensure the organization and operation of the Specialized Court.

This Law is approved by the 15th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam during its 10th meeting session on December 11, 2025.

PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY




Tran Thanh Man