LAW

On civil status

Pursuant to Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam amended by Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;

The National Assembly hereby promulgates the Law on Civil Status.

Chapter I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope

This Law provides for civil status; civil registration; civil status database and state management of civil status.

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For the purposes of this Law, the terms below shall be construed as follows:

1. “Civil status” means events and information determining an individual’s personal history from birth to death as prescribed in Article 4 of this Law.

2. “Civil registration” means the act by which a competent regulatory authority certifies, records and updates an individual’s vital events and information in the civil register and the civil status database.

3. “Civil registration authority” means a commune-level People’s Committee; a diplomatic mission (embassy) or consular mission (general consulate or consulate) of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam abroad (hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Representative mission”).

4. “Civil status management authority” means a central civil status authority and a local civil status authority.

5. “Civil status database” means a collection of electronic civil status data of individuals that is arranged and organized for access, exploitation, sharing, management and updating by electronic means on a continuous basis.

6. “Civil register” means a physical civil register and an electronic civil register, which are permanently archived for certifying, recording or updating vital events and information prescribed in Article 4 of this Law.

7. “Vital records” mean legal documents issued by competent regulatory authorities in the course of processing administrative procedures in the field of civil status, including Birth Certificates, Marriage Certificates, Death Certificates and written civil status confirmations.

8. “Birth Certificate” means the first vital record issued by a civil registration authority upon registration of an individual’s birth; the contents of a Birth Certificate include the basic information prescribed in Clause 4 of Article 15 of this Law.

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10. “Death Certificate” means a vital record issued by a civil registration authority upon registration of an individual’s death; the contents of a Death Certificate include the basic information prescribed in Clause 4 of Article 20 of this Law.

11. “Civil status confirmation” means a vital record issued by a competent regulatory authority to certify a vital event or information of an individual that has been registered, except for the cases prescribed in Clauses 8, 9, and 10 of this Article.

12. “Civil status officer” means a person performing civil status work at a commune-level People’s Committee; a person assigned to perform civil status work at a provincial civil status authority; or a diplomatic official or consular official assigned to perform civil status work at a Representative mission.

Article 3. Principles of civil registration, access to and sharing of civil status data

1. Respect and ensure the personal rights of individuals.

2. Ensure that all vital events of an individual are fully, promptly, truthfully, objectively, and accurately registered. Where the conditions for civil registration prescribed by law are not satisfied, the head of the civil registration authority shall refuse registration in writing and clearly state the reasons therefor.

3. Process civil registration within 24 hours from the time the complete and valid application is received where the law on civil status does not prescribe a time limit for processing such registration.

4. Ensure that each vital event or item of vital information of an individual is registered only once by a competent civil registration authority of Viet Nam, except for re-registration of marriage. A civil registration authority shall ensure that an individual’s vital events and information are not registered more than once.

5. Ensure the publicity and transparency of civil registration procedures.

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7. Require civil registration authorities to proactively access electronic data and retrieve information from relevant databases, to the extent supported by such databases. Do not require the submission, presentation, or uploading of documents included in an application, except where the information cannot be accessed or the information accessed is incomplete or inaccurate.

8. Ensure that the collection, processing, storage, sharing and access to civil status data are safe and confidential, are carried out for proper purposes, and comply with laws on data and personal data protection.

Article 4. Contents of civil registration

1. Certify the following events and information:

a) Birth registration;

b) Marriage registration;

c) Guardianship and supervision of guardianship;

d) Parental recognition;

dd) Changes to vital information;

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g) Death registration.

2. Update the civil register and civil status database based on legally effective judgments or decisions of the Courts, decisions or vital records issued by competent regulatory authorities, or certifications concerning the following changes in an individual’s information:

a) Civil status and nationality information;

b) Determination of parentage;

c) Re-determination of sex;

d) Adoption and termination of adoption;

dd) Divorce, annulment of an illegal marriage, and recognition of marriage;

e) Recognition of guardianship;

g) Declaration or annulment of a decision declaring a person missing, dead, or declaring a person to be incapacitated, to have limited legal capacity, or to have difficulty in perceiving and controlling his or her acts.

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4. Certify or record in the civil register other vital events and information as prescribed by law.

Article 5. Rights and obligations of individuals regarding civil registration

1. Vietnamese citizens, persons of Vietnamese descent whose nationality has not been determined and who are residing in Vietnam, stateless persons, and foreigners shall have the rights and obligations to register civil status in accordance with this Law, unless otherwise provided by a treaty to which the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam is a party.

2. Vietnamese citizens shall be responsible for carrying out procedures for recording in the civil register vital events and information that have been settled by competent foreign authorities.

3. Incapacitated minors and adults, and persons having difficulty in perceiving and controlling their acts shall carry out civil registration through their lawful representatives.

Article 6. State policies on civil registration and management

1. The State shall adopt comprehensive policies and measures and enable individuals to exercise their rights and perform their obligations regarding civil registration.

2. The State shall ensure funding and material facilities and invest in digital transformation and the development of information technology for civil registration and management.

3. The State shall prioritize human resource development, ensure the stability of job positions, provide training and refresher training, enhance capacity, and adopt appropriate remuneration policies for civil status officers in order to improve the professionalism, stability, and quality of civil registration and management.

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1. The Government shall exercise unified state management of civil status nationwide.

2. The Ministry of Justice shall act as the focal agency assisting the Government in exercising unified state management of civil status.

3. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall be responsible for exercising state management of civil status at Representative missions. <0}

4. The Supreme People’s Court shall be responsible for updating and sharing information on changes in an individual’s civil status with the civil status database and cooperating in the performance of other tasks related to civil status work.

5. Relevant ministries and central authorities shall be responsible for ensuring the connection to and sharing of data under their respective management with the civil status database in accordance with law; ensuring information security and safety in the civil status database; and cooperating in the performance of other tasks related to civil status work.

6. The People’s Committees at all levels shall perform state management of civil status in their administrative divisions as prescribed.

Article 8. Power to receive civil registrations

1. The Commune-level People's Committees shall register the vital events and information specified in Article 4 of this Law, regardless of the place of residence of the individual whose vital events and information are registered.

2. The Chairperson of a commune-level People's Committee shall have the power to sign vital records. Based on the actual circumstances of the commune, the Chairperson of the commune-level People's Committee may authorize another person to sign vital records in accordance with regulations, except for the following vital records:

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b) Marriage Certificates;

c) Vital records in cases of civil registration involving foreign elements.

3. Representative missions shall register the vital events and information specified in Article 4 of this Law for Vietnamese citizens residing abroad.

4. Civil registration authorities and civil status management authorities that retain physical civil registers shall update the physical civil registers with changes to an individual's information specified in Clause 2 of Article 4 of this Law.

Article 9. Legal validity of vital records, vital information, and electronic vital data

1. Vital records and vital information recorded in civil registers and the civil status database shall serve as a basis for adjusting information in other documents, dossiers and databases of an individual.

2. Birth information shall be the original vital information of an individual. All information in an individual's other dossiers, documents and databases concerning his or her surname, middle name and given name; date of birth; place of birth; sex; ethnicity; nationality; personal identification number (PIN); place of origin; and parent-child relationships shall conform to that person's birth information.

Where information in an individual's other dossiers, documents, or databases does not correspond to his or her birth information, the head of the agency or organization managing the dossiers or databases or issuing the documents shall proactively cooperate with the civil registration authority or civil status management authority in verifying and adjusting such information, ensuring its accuracy.

3. Electronic vital data shall comprise electronic versions of vital records and data in the civil status database that satisfy the requirements of the law on electronic transactions and shall have the same legal validity as physical vital records when administrative procedures and other transactions are carried out.

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1. A person requesting civil registration may choose to submit an application online, send an application through postal services, or submit an application in person to the competent civil registration authority or civil status management authority.

2. Results of birth registration, marriage registration, and death registration procedures shall be provided in both paper and electronic forms.

Results of other civil registration procedures shall be provided in electronic form; results shall be provided in paper form only at the request of the person registering the vital event.

3. A person registering a vital event may choose to receive the result in paper form through postal services or in person at the civil registration authority or civil status management authority, except that, in the case of marriage registration, the Marriage Certificate shall be received in person at the civil registration authority.

Article 11. Consular legalization, Vietnamese translation of documents issued by foreign competent authorities, and notarization or certification

1. Documents issued, notarized or certified by competent foreign authorities for use in civil registration in Vietnam shall be consularly legalized, except where consular legalization is exempted under a treaty to which the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam is a party or as prescribed by law.

2. Documents in a foreign language used for civil registration in Vietnam shall be translated into Vietnamese, and the translator's signature shall be certified in accordance with law.

3. Documents issued, notarized or certified by competent authorities of neighboring countries in border areas shall be exempt from consular legalization when used for civil registration in border areas.

Article 12. Civil registration fees and charges

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2. An agency, organization or individual that accesses or uses the civil status database shall pay fees in accordance with the law on fees and charges.

Article 13. Prohibited acts

1. Providing false information or documents; making or using forged documents; or using another person's documents for civil registration.

2. Threatening, coercing or obstructing the exercise of the rights or performance of the obligations relating to civil registration.

3. Abusing one's position or powers to cause inconvenience or delay civil registration; refusing to carry out civil registration without a legitimate reason; or unlawfully interfering with civil registration activities.

4. Making false declarations or giving false testimony for civil registration purposes.

5. Forging or unlawfully altering vital records, or falsifying their contents.

6. Giving bribes, bribing or offering, promising or providing material or non-material benefits in order to obtain civil registration.

7. Taking advantage of civil registration or evading civil registration obligations for profit-making purposes, to benefit from the State's preferential policies, or to obtain illicit gains in any form.

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9. Accessing, altering, deleting, destroying, disseminating or otherwise unlawfully carrying out activities involving the processing of data in civil registers or the civil status database; taking advantage of data processing or data administration to exploit, share, purchase, sell, exchange or appropriate personal data, or intentionally disclosing or losing personal data in civil registers or the civil status database; using another person's personal data, or allowing another person to use one's own personal data, to commit an act contrary to law.

Article 14. Handling of violations in civil registration and civil status management

An agency, organization or individual that commits a violation of the law on civil status shall, depending on the nature and seriousness of the violation, be subject to administrative penalties, disciplinary action or criminal prosecution in accordance with law.

Vital records or the contents of civil registration that have been issued, registered or certified as a result of a violation of the law on civil status shall be corrected, remedied or revoked and annulled.

Chapter II

CIVIL REGISTRATION

Section 1. CIVIL REGISTRATION AT THE COMMUNE-LEVEL PEOPLE'S COMMITTEES

Article 15. Birth registration

1. The Commune-level People's Committees shall carry out birth registration for the following cases:

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b) Children born abroad who have not had their births registered, reside in Viet Nam, and have at least one parent who is a Vietnamese citizen;

c) Vietnamese citizens, overseas Vietnamese, and persons of Vietnamese descent whose nationality has not been determined who are residing in Viet Nam, were born in Viet Nam, have not had their births registered, and have dossiers or documents issued or certified by competent Vietnamese authorities.

2. At the option of the person requesting birth registration, the commune-level People's Committee shall proactively carry out birth registration for a child when data from a health facility are automatically connected to and shared with the electronic civil registration and civil status management system, provided that all of the following conditions are satisfied:

a) The child was born at a health facility;

b) The person requesting birth registration has provided all information required for birth registration in accordance with regulations.

3. Where a child born in Vietnam has not had his/her birth registered in accordance with Clause 2 of this Article, within 60 days from the date of the child's birth, the father or mother shall be responsible for registering the child's birth; where the father and mother are unable to register the child's birth, the paternal grandfather, paternal grandmother, maternal grandfather, maternal grandmother, biological brother, biological sister, paternal uncle, paternal younger or older brother of the father, maternal uncle, paternal aunt, maternal aunt, or the individual or organization caring for the child shall be responsible for registering the child's birth.

4. The contents of birth registration include:

a) Information of the person whose birth is registered: Surname; middle name (if any); given name; sex; date of birth; PIN; place of birth; place of origin; ethnicity; nationality.

The determination of the surname, middle name (if any), given name, ethnicity and nationality of the person whose birth is registered shall comply with the law on civil matters and the law on Vietnamese nationality.

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b) Information of the father and mother of the person whose birth is registered: surname; middle name (if any); given name; date of birth; PIN (if any); ethnicity; nationality; place of residence. Where the father or mother of the person whose birth is registered has not been determined, the corresponding information on the father or mother shall be left blank.

Article 16. Marriage registration

1. The Commune-level People's Committees shall carry out marriage registration in the following cases:

a) Marriage registration between Vietnamese citizens residing in Viet Nam;

b) Marriage registration between a Vietnamese citizen residing in Viet Nam and a foreigner, a Vietnamese citizen residing abroad, or a person of Vietnamese descent whose nationality has not been determined who is residing in Viet Nam;

c) Marriage registration for a person of Vietnamese descent whose nationality has not been determined who is residing in Viet Nam, or a foreigner permanently residing in Viet Nam.

2. The contents of marriage registration include:

a) Surname; middle name (if any); given name; date of birth; ethnicity; nationality; place of residence; PIN; and information on documents proving the personal identity of the man and woman;

b) Date of marriage registration; date of establishment of the marital relationship.

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Article 17. Registration of guardianship, termination of guardianship, change of guardianship, supervision of guardianship, and termination of supervision of guardianship

1. Commune-level People's Committees shall carry out registration of guardianship, termination of guardianship and change of guardianship in the following cases:

a) Between Vietnamese citizens residing in Viet Nam;

b) Between a Vietnamese citizen residing in Viet Nam and a foreigner residing in Viet Nam;

c) Between a Vietnamese citizen residing in Viet Nam and a person of Vietnamese descent whose nationality has not been determined who is residing in Viet Nam;

d) Between persons of Vietnamese descent whose nationality has not been determined who are residing in Viet Nam;

dd) Between a juridical person and a Vietnamese citizen residing in Viet Nam, a foreigner residing in Viet Nam, or a person of Vietnamese descent whose nationality has not been determined who is residing in Viet Nam.

2. Commune-level People's Committees shall carry out registration of supervision of guardianship and termination of supervision of guardianship in relation to the management of the ward's property.

3. The contents of registration of guardianship and supervision of guardianship include:

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b) Information of the guardian and supervisor of guardianship: surname; middle name (if any); given name; date of birth; sex; ethnicity; nationality; place of residence; and information on documents proving personal identity.

4. The guardian shall be present at the civil registration authority to sign the guardianship register.

Article 18. Registration of parental recognition

1. Between Vietnamese citizens, where at least one party resides in Viet Nam;

2. Between a Vietnamese citizen and a foreigner, where at least one party resides in Viet Nam;

3. Between a Vietnamese citizen and a person of Vietnamese descent whose nationality has not been determined who is residing in Viet Nam;

4. Between persons of Vietnamese descent whose nationality has not been determined who are residing in Viet Nam;

5. Between a person of Vietnamese descent whose nationality has not been determined who are residing in Vietnam and a foreigner;

6. Between foreigners, where at least one party has permanent residence in Vietnam;

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1. A change to vital information means the recording by a competent civil registration authority of a change in an individual's personal information where there is a legitimate reason and the conditions prescribed by this Law, the law on civil matters and other relevant laws are satisfied.

2. Changes to vital information include:

a) Changing the surname, middle name or given name of an individual in the birth registration information where the grounds and conditions prescribed by the law on civil matters are fully satisfied;

b) Changing the place of origin in the birth registration information of an adult at his or her request, or in the birth registration information of a minor child at the request of the biological father or biological mother;

c) Changing information on the father, mother, ethnicity or place of origin in an individual's birth registration information upon his or her adoption or after the termination of the adoption;

d) Re-determining ethnicity in accordance with the law on civil matters; re-determining the ethnicity of an abandoned child after the biological father or biological mother has been identified;

dd) Correcting registered vital information due to an error or information that does not reflect the actual circumstances;

e) Adding missing vital information to the original vital records, physical civil registers, or the civil status database;

g) Adjusting an individual's registered vital information because the individual or his or her parent, spouse or husband has had his or her vital information changed;

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3. The Commune-level People's Committees shall carry out changes to vital information in the following cases:

a) Registering changes to vital information for Vietnamese citizens whose vital events were registered in Viet Nam, and Vietnamese citizens residing abroad whose vital events were registered in Viet Nam, where the original vital records are retained or information is available in the physical civil registers or the civil status database;

b) Registering changes to vital information specified in Points b, c, dd, e and g of Clause 2 of this Article for foreigners and persons of Vietnamese descent whose nationality has not been determined who are residing in Viet Nam and whose vital events were registered with a competent Vietnamese authority, where the original vital records are retained or information is available in the physical civil registers or the civil status database.

Article 20. Death registration

1. The Commune-level People's Committees shall carry out death registration in the following cases:

a) An individual dies in Viet Nam;

b) A Vietnamese citizen dies abroad, and his or her body, remains or ashes have been brought to Viet Nam but the death has not been registered with a Representative mission or a competent foreign authority.

2. The People's Committee of the commune of the deceased person's last residence shall be responsible for proactively carrying out death registration when data from a health facility are automatically connected to and shared with the electronic civil registration and civil status management system, provided that all of the following conditions are satisfied:

a) The individual died at a health facility;

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3. Where an individual dies in Viet Nam and has not had his or her death registered in accordance with Clause 2 of this Article, within 15 days from the date of the individual's death, the spouse, child, father, mother or other relative of the deceased as prescribed by the law on marriage and family shall be responsible for registering the death; where the deceased has no relatives, a representative of the relevant agency, organization or individual shall be responsible for registering the death.

4. The contents of death registration include:

a) Information of the person whose death is registered: surname; middle name (if any); given name; date of birth; sex; PIN or information on documents proving personal identity; ethnicity; nationality; last place of residence (if any);

b) Information on the death: time of death; place of death; cause of death; and document proving the occurrence of the death (if any).

Article 21. Entry in civil registers of vital events and information of Vietnamese citizens settled by competent foreign authorities

1. The following vital events and information of Vietnamese citizens that have been registered or certified by competent foreign authorities and are not contrary to the laws of Viet Nam shall be entered in civil registers:

a) The birth of a Vietnamese citizen;

b) The birth of a child whose father or mother is a Vietnamese citizen and whose other parent is a foreign citizen, where the father and mother have agreed to choose Vietnamese nationality at the time of entry of the child's birth in the civil register in accordance with the law on Vietnamese nationality;

c) Marriage; death; guardianship; determination of parentage; adoption; and changes to vital information;

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2. The Commune-level People's Committees shall enter the vital events and information specified in Clause 1 of this Article in civil registers upon receipt of valid documents issued or certified by competent foreign authorities.

Section 2. CIVIL REGISTRATION AT REPRESENTATIVE MISSIONS

Article 22. Civil registration for Vietnamese citizens residing abroad

1. A Representative mission shall have the power to register the vital events and information specified in Article 4 of this Law for Vietnamese citizens residing abroad, provided that such registration is not contrary to the laws of the host country or a treaty to which the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam is a party.

2. The Minister of Foreign Affairs shall provide guidance on civil registration and civil status management at Representative missions.

Article 23. Civil registration officers at representative missions

1. A Representative mission shall assign diplomatic officers or consular officers to carry out civil registration for Vietnamese citizens residing abroad.

2. Diplomatic officers and consular officers must receive refresher training in professional competence in civil registration before performing civil registration duties.

Chapter III

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Article 24. Establishment and management of the civil status database

1. The civil status database is a national database established in a centralized and unified manner from the central to local levels and managed by the Ministry of Justice.

2. The establishment of the civil status database must ensure its expansion, upgrading and development and its connection and sharing with other databases; ensure the right of agencies, organizations and individuals to access and use information in accordance with law; and ensure the complete retention of an individual's vital information throughout the collection, updating and adjustment of such information in the database.

3. The civil status database shall be secured and protected in terms of information security and safety and personal data protection; only competent agencies, organizations and individuals may access and use the database in accordance with law.

Article 25. Information in the Civil status database

1. Information in the civil status database includes scanned or photocopied pages of paper civil registers and corresponding vital records in respect of vital information that has been digitized, standardized and collected in accordance with regulations, as well as an individual's vital information established and updated upon civil registration, comprising the following fields:

a) Surname, middle name and given name;

b) Date of birth

c) Place of birth;

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dd) PIN;

e) Ethnicity;

g) Nationality;

h) Place of origin;

j) Place of residence;

k) Information on documents providing personal identity (type, number, issuing authority and date of issue);

l) Time of death, place of death and cause of death, in the case of death registration;

m) Information on changes in personal status (missing, dead, incapacitated or having limited capacity, or having difficulty in perceiving and controlling one's acts);

n) Surname, middle name, given name, date of birth, PIN, ethnicity, nationality, place of residence, and information on documents proving personal identity (type, number, issuing authority and date of issue) of the father, mother, spouse, husband, guardian, ward, supervisor of guardianship, and person requesting civil registration;

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2. The information in the civil status database specified in Clause 1 of this Article shall be established from the following sources:

a) An individual's registered vital information and electronic vital records;

b) Vital information digitized and standardized from physical civil registers;

c) Vital information collected from validly issued vital records;

d) Information connected to and shared from national databases and other specialized databases;

dd) Vital information shared, converted and standardized from civil status software systems previously established.

3. The information in the civil status database, physical civil registers and vital records must be consistent with one another. An individual has the right to request a competent authority to adjust vital information where an error is discovered in the registered information.

Where information in the civil status database differs from information in the physical civil registers, it shall be adjusted to conform to the physical civil registers.

Where information in vital records is inconsistent with information in the civil status database or physical civil registers, it shall be adjusted to conform to the civil status database and physical civil registers, except where it is determined that the data contains an error or has not yet been updated.

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1. An individual may access his or her information in the civil status database.

2. A competent regulatory authority may access information in the civil status database within their competence.

3. An agency, organization or individual not specified in Clause 1 or Clause 2 of this Article may access information in the civil status database only with the consent of the individual who is the subject of the information to be accessed, unless otherwise provided by law.

In the case of access to information of a minor, a person who is incapacitated, or a person who has difficulty in perceiving and controlling his or her acts, such access must be consented to by his or her legal representative.

In the case of access to information of a person declared missing or a deceased person, such access must be consented to by the person's spouse or adult child; where there is no such person, access to the information must be consented to by the father or mother of the person declared missing or the deceased person.

4. A person who is incapacitated, a person who has difficulty in perceiving and controlling his or her acts, or a person under 15 years of age shall access his or her information through his or her legal representative.

5. Access to information in the civil status database must ensure the protection of personal data in accordance with the law on personal data protection.

Article 27. Protection of the civil status database

Civil status database authorities, civil registration authorities and civil status management authorities shall, within their jurisdiction, have the following responsibilities:

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2. Protecting personal data and the security of civil status information on computer networks; ensuring the security and safety of information stored in the database; and preventing and combating unauthorized access to or use of the civil status database, or acts causing damage thereto.

Chapter IV

IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS

1. Physical civil registers established before the effective date of this Law shall serve as a basis for proving an individual's vital events and information, for searching for information and issuing vital records, and shall be updated in accordance with Clause 4 of Article 8 of this Law.

2. Vital records issued to individuals in accordance with the law on civil status before the effective date of this Law shall remain valid for use.

Article 29. Entry in force

1. This Law shall take effect on March 01, 2027. Proactive birth registration and death registration shall be carried out according to the roadmap prescribed by the Government, ensuring uniform implementation nationwide no later than January 01, 2031.

2. Law No. 60/2014/QH13 on Civil Status shall cease to have effect from the effective date of this Law.

3. Where another law or resolution of the National Assembly contains provisions on civil status or civil registration that differ from those of this Law, the provisions of this Law shall apply.

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a) Reviewing and consolidating the contingent of civil status officers; prescribing the conditions and standards applicable to civil status officers to ensure the performance of the duties and exercise of the powers assigned under this Law;

b) Elaborating Articles 7, 8, 9 and 10, Clause 3 of Article 11, Article 14, and Articles 15 to 27 of this Law;

c) Updating, collecting and cleansing historical civil status data and civil status data previously digitized; prescribing the methods and procedures for accessing and using information in the civil status database for the issuance of copies of vital records, certification of vital information, certification of marital status, and re-registration of marriage;

d) Providing specific measures for organizing and guiding the implementation of this Law.

Article 30. Transitional provisions

Civil registration applications received before the effective date of this Law that have not yet been fully processed shall continue to be processed in accordance with the law on civil status in effect at the time of receipt.

This Law was passed on April 23, 2026, by the XVIth National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 1st session.

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