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MINISTRY OF
CONSTRUCTION OF VIETNAM
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No.
15/2023/TT-BXD
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Hanoi, December
29, 2023
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CIRCULAR
ISSUING THE QCVN 07:2023/BXD ON NATIONAL TECHNICAL
REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM
Pursuant to the Law on Technical
Regulations and Standards dated June 29, 2006;
Pursuant to No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated
August 01, 2007 of the Government elaborating the implementation of the Law on
Technical Regulations and Standards and Decree No. 78/2018/ND-CP dated May 16,
2018 of the Government on amendment to the Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP;
Pursuant to Decree No. 52/2022/ND-CP
dated August 8, 2022 of the Government on functions, tasks, powers, and
organizational structures of Ministry of Construction;
At request of Director of Science
Technology and Environment Department and Director of Technical Infrastructure
Agency,
The Minister of Construction
promulgates Circular on National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure
System.
Article 1. The QCVN
07:2023/BXD National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure System is
attached hereto.
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Article 3. Ministries,
ministerial agencies, Governmental agencies, People’s Committees of provinces
and central-affiliated cities, and relevant organizations, individuals are
responsible for the implementation of this Circular./.
PP. MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Nguyen Tuong Van
QCVN 07:2023/BXD
NATIONAL
TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM
QCVN
07-1:2023/BXD
WATER
SUPPLY WORKS
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SEWERAGE,
DRAINAGE WORKS
QCVN
07-3:2023/BXD
TRENCH
AND TUNNEL WORKS
QCVN
07-4:2023/BXD
URBAN
TRANSPORTATION WORKS
QCVN
07-5:2023/BXD
ELECTRICITY
SUPPLY WORKS
QCVN
07-6:2023/BXD
PETROLEUM
AND GAS SUPPLY WORKS
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LIGHTING
WORKS
QCVN
07-8:2023/BXD
TELECOMMUNICATION
WORKS
QCVN
07-9:2023/BXD
SOLID
WASTE COLLECTION, TREATMENT WORKS AND PUBLIC TOILET
QCVN
07-10:2023/BXD
CEMETERY,
CREMATORY AND FUNERAL HOME
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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QCVN 07-1:2023/BXD,
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - WATER SUPPLY
WORKS
QCVN 07-2:2023/BXD,
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - SEWERAGE,
DRAINAGE WORKS
QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD,
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - TRENCH AND
TUNNEL WORKS
QCVN 07-4:2023/BXD,
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - URBAN
TRANSPORTATION WORKS
QCVN 07-5:2023/BXD,
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - ELECTRICITY
SUPPLY WORKS
QCVN 07-6:2023/BXD, NATIONAL
TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - PETROLEUM AND GAS
SUPPLY WORKS
QCVN 07-7:2023/BXD,
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - LIGHTING
WORKS
QCVN 07-8:2023/BXD,
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM -
TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS
QCVN 07-9:2023/BXD,
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS - SOLID WASTE
COLLECTION, TREATMENT WORKS AND PUBLIC TOILET
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Foreword
The QCVN
07:2023/BXD is compiled by Vietnam Association of Civil Engineering Environment
with professional cooperation of Technical Infrastructure Agency, proposed by
Technical Science and Environment Agency, appraised by Ministry of Science and
Technology, and promulgated by the Ministry of Construction under Circular No.
15/2023/TT-BXD dated December 29, 2023.
The QCVN 07:2023/BXD
replaces the QCVN 07:2016/BXD attached under Circular No. 01/2016/TT-BXD dated
February 1, 2016 of the Minister of Construction.
QCVN 07-1:2023/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON
TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - WATER SUPPLY WORKS
1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
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1.1.2 This
Regulation applies to:
- Surface water,
groundwater extraction works;
- Water treatment
plants for water from water extraction works to clean water pump stations;
- Pipeline
network and booster pump stations, auxiliary works on the network.
1.2 Regulated
entities
This Regulation
applies to all organizations and individuals engaging in operations related to
investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of water supply works.
1.3 Reference
documents
Reference
documents below are integral to the application of this Regulation. If
reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
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QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT,
National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater;
QCVN
50:2013/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Thresholds for
Sludges from Water Treatment Process;
QCVN
08-MT:2023/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality;
QCVN
09-MT:2023/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Groundwater Quality;
QCVN
01-1:2018/BYT, National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality.
1.4
Definitions
In the
Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Water supply
system
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1.4.2
Water
extraction works
Refer to works
for receiving water from sources to tanks or wells for transportation to
treatment plants. Where difference in water level is significant enough,
floating or rail-mounted water extraction works are allowed.
1.4.3
Raw water pump
station
Refers to works
for pumping water from water extraction works to water treatment stations.
1.4.4
Water
treatment station, water plant
Refer to a
combination of works for treating water in a manner satisfactory to clean water
quality.
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Clean water
tank
Refers to works
for regulating water intake and outtake, water reservation for water treatment
stations, water plants, and firefighting.
1.4.6
Clean water
pump station
Refers to works
for transporting clean water from clean water tanks to water supply network.
1.4.7
Water supply
network
Refers to a
network of pipelines carrying clean water from clean water pump stations to
point of consumption and consists of tier I network, tier II network, tier III
network, and related auxiliary works.
1.4.8
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Refer to pipes
carrying water from raw water pump stations to water treatment stations, water
plants.
1.4.9
Looped water
supply network
Refers to a water
supply network where water is delivered from two directions and the pipes form
a closed loop.
1.4.10
Tree-type
water supply network
Refers to a water
supply network where water is delivered from one direction and the pipes from a
branching shape.
1.4.11
Tier I supply
network (transmission network)
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1.4.12
Tier II supply
network (distribution network)
Refers to pipes regulating
flow rate of tier I supply pipelines, ensuring safe operation of water supply
system, and carrying water to users with great water consumption demand.
1.4.13
Tier III
supply network (service network)
Refer to pipes
carrying water from tier II pipelines and other water pipes to water users.
1.4.14
Subregional
meter
Refers to an
instrument for measuring amount of water intake and amount of water consumed in
a subregion.
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Regional meter
Refers to an
instrument for measuring amount of water intake and amount of water consumed in
a region.
1.4.16
Pressure
relief valve
Refers to a valve
for reducing pressure of tier II pipeline segments after the valve when
pressure in pipeline segments before the valve reaches 30 m of water gauge or
more.
1.4.17
Surge
anticipation valve
Refers to a valve
installed on booster pipes of pump stations and on pipeline network where
pressure build-up may lead to water collision in order to relieve pressure in
booster pipes.
1.4.18
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Refers to works
for regulating water flow rate and pressure, accommodating firefighting when
fire pumps have not been started, and reserving water for cleaning filter
tanks.
1.4.19
Booster pump
station
Refers to a pump
station for providing sufficient flow rate and pressure for network after it or
areas with varying elevations in order to reduce stress of main pump stations.
1.4.20
Inline booster
pump
Refers to a pump
installed onto pipeline to increase pressure of the network after the pump
without necessitating a tank before it.
1.4.21
Drain-based
water extraction works
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1.4.22
Frequency
converter
Refers to a
device for changing frequency in order to adjust revolution per minute of pumps
depending on flow rate and pressure on water supply network.
1.4.23
Lamella clarifier
Refers to a
device consisting of plates with varying shapes used to generate layered flow
in clarifiers in order to further improve characteristics of the clarifiers.
2 TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
2.1 General
requirements
2.1.1 Investment
in construction of water supply system must conform to planning approved by
competent authority and ensure reasonable, safe, and sustainable use of water
sources in climate change.
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2.1.3 Clean
water quality for domestic purposes must meet requirements under the QCVN
01-1:2018/BYT and local regulations.
2.1.4 Capacity
of water supply system shall be calculated in order to accommodate days with
peak water consumption in a year; domestic water calculation shall take into
account daily water demand variation coefficient; water for road washing, plant
watering, public structures, commercial and service purposes, special
structures, industrial activities, runoff, and water used by water treatment
stations, water plants shall conform to the QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.2 Water sources
2.2.1 Raw
water quality shall meet requirements under the QCVN 08-MT:2023/BTNMT and QCVN
09-MT:2023/BTNMT. This Regulation does not apply to other water sources such as
water affected by saltwater intrusion. Where a water source does not meet
requirements under the QCVN 08-MT:2023/BTNMT and QCVN 09-MT:2023/BTNMT and treatment
solutions have been taken to achieve post-treatment water quality defined under
2.1.3, this water source is allowed for use.
2.2.2 Measures
must be taken to ensure sanitary conditions of water sources; zoning measures
must be taken to protect hygiene, prevent contamination by domestic wastewater,
production wastewater, and other risks of contamination.
2.2.3 Water
sources from which water is provided for water treatment stations and water
plants must conform to planning relevant to the use of water sources and
approved by competent authority, ensure water source safety and security, be
capable of providing sufficient water for phases of water use planning, and be
capable of meeting water demand during dry seasons.
2.3 Water extraction
works
2.3.1 Surface water
extraction works
2.3.2.1 Surface
water extraction works must:
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- Be operated
safely, stably, sustainably and without affecting hydrograph of water sources
or waterway traffic;
- Take into
account rising sea level and saltwater intrusion in coastal areas, lowering
water level during dry seasons, and impacts of climate change.
2.3.1.2 In
respect of location, surface water extraction works must:
- Be located
upstream relative to water consumption areas according to approved planning. If
direction of flow cannot be determined or changes from time to time or water
sources suffer from saltwater intrusion, the collecting works shall be located
at appropriate positions in order to ensure technical and economic norms;
- Be located in
areas with good geology construction conditions where the works are protected
from other hydrograph events, river banks and beds are stable, less prone to
erosion and/or deposition and/or change in current, sufficient depth is always
provided even when water level is at the lowest, and the works are maintained
stable over long periods of time;
- Not be located
downstream and close to hydroelectricity plants. Minimum separation distance is
1 000 m.
2.3.1.3 Construction
of water extraction works must take into account sludge cleaning, drafting,
dredging, and garbage removal capabilities.
2.3.1.4 Water
intake:
- Water intake
process must not create surface swirl; the highest point of intake must be at
least 0,5 m away from the lowest water level;
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2.3.2 Groundwater
extraction wells
2.3.2.1 Groundwater
extraction wells must meet technical regulations, have stable flow rate,
quality, and water level decrease during extraction, and conform to groundwater
extraction laws.
2.3.2.2 Quantity
of primary wells shall be determined on the basis of extraction quantity,
supply availability of aquifers and permissible decrease in water level; quantity
of backup wells shall be determined on the basis of quantity of primary wells
and level of water supply safety.
2.3.2.3 Gaps
between casings, between casings and tubes shall be filled with clay or similar
materials in order to prevent intrusion of surface water thereby contaminating
the water sources.
2.3.2.4 Where
a well is unused, the well must be sealed by watertight materials so as to
prevent contamination of water sources. Where geological conditions are
favorable, water extraction via filter drains buried underground is allowed.
2.4 Pump station
2.4.1 General
requirements
2.4.1.1 Pump
stations must be designed in a manner that takes into account characteristics
of each type of pump station and facilitates renovation and expansion according
to planning.
2.4.1.2 Dimensions
of pump stations must be able to accommodate primary pumps, backup pumps, pumps
for washing filter tanks, blowers, control equipment, pipes, lifting equipment,
and installation, repair work.
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2.4.1.4 Placement of
suction pipes of pump stations
Suction pipes of
pumps shall be inclined towards the pumps and designed in a way that gas
buildup does not occur at any point in the suction pipes.
2.4.1.5 Placement of
booster pipes
Each pump station
shall consist of 2 general booster pipes of which 1 pipe is installed in
advance for the next phase. Where a pump station with total capacity below 10
000 m3/d or multiple pump stations supply water in the same network,
it is permissible to install just 1 booster pipe.
2.4.1.6 Machine
compartment must contain lifting equipment. The type of lifting equipment shall
be selected depending on weight of the largest pump group in the pump stations.
2.4.2 Well pump
station
2.4.2.1 Minimum
area of well pump station is 12 m2.
2.4.2.2 Roof
of the stations shall be fitted with openings for pipe removal.
2.4.2.3 Where
a station is built in an area prone to flood and/or inundation, elevation of
the floor on which machine compartment is located shall be at least 0,5 m above
the highest water level.
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2.4.2.5
Wells fitted with pumps shall be required as backup wells. Operation shall
alternate between backup wells and well groups.
2.4.3 Raw
water pump stations (for surface water extraction)
2.4.3.1 Design
of raw water pump stations shall adhere to operating mode of water treatment
stations and water plants.
2.4.3.2 Raw
water pump stations shall transmit raw water to water treatment stations, water
plants, including domestic water pumps and backup pumps. Where construction of
collecting works and integrated pump stations takes place in phases,
construction of collecting works and station facilities of two stages shall be
built in the first phase whereas equipment shall be built in appropriate stage.
2.4.4 Clean water
pump station
2.4.4.1 Pump
stations shall ensure safe and stable operation regardless of design; be
convenient for management, operation, maintenance, and repair; accommodate
equipment serving management purposes; be fitted with ventilation and lighting
systems; be fitted with machinery and equipment transport solutions; be fitted
with gutters, water collector pits, and pumps to drain leakage.
2.4.4.2 Clean
water pump stations may accommodate water pumps serving domestic purposes,
production purposes, fire pumps, water blowers and air blowers.
2.4.4.3 Each
pump group shall include backup pumps. If fire pumps and pumps serving domestic
purposes are of the same type, backup pumps shall be selected for both pump
groups.
2.4.4.4 Flow
rate of pumps serving domestic purposes shall be sufficient to provide water
for design areas in peak hours. Flow rate of fire pumps shall be sufficient to
provide water for domestic purposes and firefighting during peak hours.
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2.4.4.6 Clean
water pump stations of water supply stations and water plants of minimum
capacity of 10 000 m3/d are required to be fitted with frequency
converters. Control of frequency converters shall be automated depending on
actual pressure on the network, water entering the network, and water level in
tanks.
2.5 Water treatment
plans, water plants
2.5.1 General
requirements
2.5.1.1 Each
structure shall contain a minimum of 2 units in order to ensure working
conditions around the rock where each work of the station can be halted for
cleaning and/or repair. Where a station‘s capacity is less than 3 000 m3/day
and the station is allowed to be halted for specific hours for cleaning and/or
repair, it is permissible to build a single unit.
2.5.1.2 Water
treatment stations and water plants shall include water treatment system for
removing sludges from clarifiers, cleaning clarifiers, or discharging into
clarifiers while adhering to requirements under the QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT and
other environmental protection requirements.
2.5.2 Water treatment
technology
Treatment
technology of surface water and groundwater shall be selected depending on
compositions and characteristics of raw water, capacity of water treatment
stations, water plants, clean water quality requirements serving domestic,
production purposes, and other purposes as per the law in order to meet
effective, efficient energy use requirements.
2.5.3 Intake chamber,
aeration chamber
2.5.3.1 Raw
water intake and distribution chambers must be able to facilitate full
utilization of capacity according to approved projects.
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2.5.4 Flocculation
reactors
Water treatment
technology that utilizes coagulation chemicals, mixing tanks and reactors shall
be required. If water pipes are required from reactors to sedimentation tanks,
water velocity in the pipes shall not exceed 0,3 m/s.
2.5.5 Clarifier
2.5.5.1 Preliminary clarifiers,
preliminary sedimentation ponds
Preliminary clarifiers,
preliminary sedimentation ponds shall be required where the highest particle
density exceeds 1 000 mg/L. Where land area permits and the highest particle
density is less than 1 000 mg/L, clarifiers capable of storing large quantities
of water shall be built and provide water supply in case water sources are
incapable of providing water. The minimum duration of water retention is 1 day;
where land conditions permit a higher water retention period for the purpose of
water supply in case water sources are incapable of providing water, sludge
removal system for preliminary clarifiers and sludge dredging solutions for
preliminary sedimentation ponds shall be required.
2.5.5.2 Particle
density after clarifier
2.5.5.2.1 Particle
density of surface water after clarifiers shall not exceed 20 mg/L.
2.5.5.2.2 In
respect of groundwater treatment technology, where total particle density after
aeration exceeds 20 mg/L, contact clarifiers shall incorporate sedimentation
function. Contact clarifiers shall be designed on the basis that minimum
duration of water retention in the tanks is 90 minutes without the use of
coagulants. Where pH and alkalinity of water is high and effective
sedimentation solutions are employed or where Lamella clarifiers are used,
minimum duration of water retention is 60 minutes.
2.5.5.2.3 Clarifiers
of all types shall be fitted with sludge removal system that utilizes
hydrostatic pressure or pumps.
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2.5.5.3.1 Dissolved
gas flotation unit is allowed as an alternative for clarifiers if suspended
solid in water is insignificant in content, solid is fine in size, water has
high color quality, water contains algae, or economic and technical conditions
allow so.
2.5.5.3.2 A
system for surface collection shall be required and designed in a way that
quality of water transmitted to filters is not affected when the system is
operating.
2.5.6 Filter
2.5.6.1 Rapid gravity
filter
2.5.6.1.1 Rapid
gravity filter shall be calculated in order to facilitate 2 working modes, a
normal working mode and intensive working mode. Where number of filters in a
station is at most 20, 1 filter shall be expected to be temporarily suspended for
repair; where number of filters in a station exceeds 20, 2 filters shall be
expected to be simultaneously and temporarily suspended for repair.
2.5.6.1.2 A
system for cleaning sand filter of the tanks shall be design in a manner where
system specification allows sand in all positions to be cleaned without losses.
2.5.6.1.3 Dimensions
of pipes or gutters of filters shall be calculated so as to facilitate enhanced
working mode.
2.5.6.2 Membrane
filter
2.5.6.2.1 Membrane
filtration technology is allowed for the purpose of treatment of surface water,
groundwater, brackish water, desalination of seawater, and filtration of
purified water.
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2.5.7 Iron and
Manganese Removal
2.5.7.1 Contact
materials shall be allowed inside of tanks to remove Manganese where contact
materials do not harm human health and are allowed by inspecting bodies;
Manganese removal via chemicals is also allowed.
2.5.7.2 Iron removal
via simple aeration and filtration
Where total
content of iron in water is less than 6 mg/L, content of Fe2+
accounts for at least 80%, water sources are not contaminated by NH4+,
pH is greater than 7, and other conditions permit, simple aeration technology
and filtration technology via water distribution system on top of filters or
overflowing grates prior to the filters shall be allowed.
2.5.7.3 Aeration by
aeration tubes
It is permissible
to use aeration tubes for the purpose of Iron and Manganese removal as long as
no structures obstruct and/or affect the wind.
2.5.7.4 Aeration by
air blowers
2.5.7.4.1 Design
of air blowers shall incorporate calculation of thickness of contact materials;
contact materials that jam air blowers must not be used; system for cleaning
contact materials shall be required.
2.5.7.4.2 Air
blowers of appropriate capacity shall be selected to restrict the formation of
Fe(OH)3 residue in the air blowers.
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2.5.7.5.1 Filter
materials and contact materials used for the purpose of Arsenic treatment shall
not contain components that affect human health.
2.5.7.5.2 Filter
materials and Arsenic adsorbents shall, upon being discarded, shall be managed
and treated as hazardous wastes.
2.5.8 Sludge treatment
2.5.8.1 Sludge
of water treatment stations shall be collected, dried, reused or transported to
waste treatment facilities for treatment compliant with environmental hygiene
and safety as per the law. Sludge treatment of water treatment process shall
meet requirements under the QCVN 50:2013/BTNMT.
2.5.8.2 Sludge
treatment technology shall be simple, effective and ensure that treated water
is available for reuse; stations of minimum capacity of 5 000 m3/d
shall be included in the first works of primary treatment sequence of water
treatment stations, water plants.
2.5.9 Clean water
tank
2.5.9.1 Volume
of clean water tanks in treatment stations and water plants shall be sufficient
to regulate water entering the tanks and working modes of clean water pump
stations, water for 3 hours of firefighting in urban areas served by the tanks,
water used by the water supply station and water plants. Minimum tank volume
shall equal 20% of water plant's capacity. Where natural water is drafted for
firefighting, water reservation for firefighting shall not be calculated for
clean water tanks.
2.5.9.2 Tanks
shall contain partitions to create circular current with retention duration
greater than 30 minutes and with sufficient contact duration for sterilization
(except for tanks serving urban areas if Chlorine is not added to the tanks).
2.5.10 Water
sterilization
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2.5.10.2 Chemical
storage shall contain PPE, ventilation system, Chlorine leak detectors,
Chlorine neutralizers or absorption systems that utilize chemicals in case of
emergencies to ensure safety of operators, staff members of the stations, and
the locals.
2.5.11 Other
conditions
2.5.11.1 Internal
roads of a water supply station or water plant shall have minimum width of 3,5
m, be capable of supporting load of a vehicle transporting the heaviest
equipment in the station, and contain turning heads.
2.5.11.2 Power
supply of water supply stations and water plants shall be top priority power
supply; water supply stations and water plants of level 1 reliability shall be
outfitted with backup generators. Backup generators shall have sufficient power
to energize primary production works of water supply stations and water plants.
2.6 Water supply
network
2.6.1 Transmission
pipelines
2.6.1.1 Each
of the pipelines carrying raw water from collecting works to water plants and
pipelines carrying clean water from water plants to the beginning of
distribution network shall consist of 2 pipes with connectors so that if either
pipe is damaged, the system still manages to deliver 70% of calculated flow.
2.6.1.2 Materials
of transmission pipes shall have mechanical, chemical strength, be resistant to
stress and mechanical impact, and ensure that the pipes are not destroyed in
all working conditions.
2.6.1.3 Markers
of pipelines and safety corridors shall be required to avoid damage to the
pipes in case of road expansion or construction of other works.
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2.6.2.1 Water
supply network of new urban areas shall be placed in trench or tunnel works in
accordance with the QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD.
2.6.2.2 Water
supply pipe network of class III urban areas or higher shall be divided into 3
levels. Connection between pipes of end users and pipes of level I or level II
network shall be prohibited. Users of minimum usage of 500 m3/d are
allowed to be connected to level II network.
2.6.2.3 Water
supply network shall be of a looped type. Branch type network is only allowed
when:
- Manufacturing
facilities are allowed to suspend operation for repair;
- Water supply
network serves level V urban areas or residential areas when population is
below 3 000 people;
- Construction
phase dictates so prior to compete installment of looped network according to
planning.
2.6.2.4 Minimum
diameter of water supply network serving domestic purposes and outdoor
firefighting in urban areas shall be 100 mm.
2.6.2.5 Pipe
materials shall be able to resist pressure and mechanical force caused by
vehicles of massive load, inner coatings shall have sufficient mechanical and
chemical strength, shall not affect water quality, shall not affect human
health, and shall be authorized by health authority. Where pipes are installed
in corrosive ground or water, anti-corrosive measures must be applied to the
pipes.
2.6.2.6 Pressurized
gravity-flow pipes shall be outfitted with energy absorption devices or other
protective devices so that the pipes operate within permissible pressure limit.
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2.6.2.8 Depth
of underground pipe installation shall be determined by load applied at the top
of the pipe, pipe strength, ambient temperature, and other conditions and shall
not be less than 0,7 m from ground level where pipe diameter is less than or
equal to 300 mm or not be less than 1 m from ground level where pipe diameter
is greater than 300 mm. Pipe segments installed in poor soil conditions shall
be braced by supporting elements to prevent displacement and damage to
connectors.
NOTE: Minimum
depth of underground pipe installation may be reduced by 0,3 m if the pipes are
installed below sidewalks or technical measures are taken to protect the pipes.
2.6.2.9 Following
installation of each section of the network, pressure test shall be conducted
to examine airtightness of pipes and connectors where test pressure equals 1,5
times the working pressure of the pipes. Pressure test procedures shall adhere
to national standards on pressure test for water supply pipes following
installation.
2.6.3
Equipment serving safe water supply
2.6.3.1 Relief
valves and air intake valves shall be outfitted at the highest points of water
supply network.
2.6.3.2 Bottom
discharge valves shall be outfitted at the lowest points in each section of the
network.
2.6.3.3 Calculation
of hydraulic shock shall be required and where necessary, surge anticipation
valves shall be outfitted to pump stations and water supply network.
2.6.3.4 Monitoring
devices shall be installed in water treatment stations to monitor water quality
and on transmission, distribution pipes to monitor murkiness and residual
Chlorine where minimum capacity is 10 000 m3/d.
2.6.4 Network
zoning
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2.6.4.2 Each
sub-zone meter shall not serve more than 5 000 users or 8 000 users in case of
special urban areas and class I urban areas; each zone meter shall consist of
at least 3 sub-zones.
2.6.5 Pipes
crossing rivers, expressways, railways
2.6.5.1 Inverted
siphon pipe for water crossing:
- The minimum
number of siphons for water crossing shall be 2; siphon materials shall be
ductile, resistant to pressure and mechanical force;
- Depth measured
from river bed to the top of the siphons, when determined in accordance with
erosion of river basins and the greatest load of anchoring vessels on the water
shall not damage the siphons. Siphon bedding materials shall be gravels and
chippings with dimensions ranging from 20 mm to 40 mm; minimum bedding depth
shall be 0,5 m; anchorage shall be required to prevent flotation;
- Inspection
shafts on both sides of rivers and warning signs for watercrafts traversing the
rivers shall be required.
2.6.5.2 Pipes
crossing expressways and railways shall be placed in casings; inspection
shafts, valves, and expansion connectors shall be required on both sides of
pipe crossing.
2.6.6 Pressure
test, cleaning, disinfection of pipelines
2.6.6.1 Installed
pipelines shall undergo pressure test according to technical standards. Water
supply network shall, prior to use, shall be cleaned with clean water.
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2.6.7 Water
meter
2.6.7.1 Pipes
carrying water to location of use shall be outfitted with water meters; valves
shall be outfitted before the meters and the opening, closing of which shall
only be implemented by water network authority.
2.6.7.2 Water
meters shall be outfitted at clean water pump stations, connection between
water supply stations, and at the beginning of pipes of level II and level III
network.
2.6.7.3 Water
users shall be equipped with water meters. Meters of household shall have a
maximum diameter of 15 mm and minimum accuracy level of B; in case of villas
with swimming pools, meters of a diameter of 20 mm shall be allowed; Users with
minimum water usage of 10 m3/d shall choose meters depending on calculation and
water meters shall be inspected in accordance with metrology laws.
2.7
Maintenance
2.7.1 Water
supply works and work items shall be periodically maintained and/or replaced in
order to perform design functionalities.
2.7.2 Duration
of water cut in a year for pipeline and equipment repair, maintenance,
replacement shall not exceed 36 hours (except for bursting of transmission
pipes).
2.7.3 Duration
of water cut for pipe cleaning of each region in a network shall not exceed 8
hours.
3 ORGANIZING IMPLEMENTATION
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3.1.1 Investment
projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere
to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals
deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment
construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall
conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local
construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this
Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building
design and construction.
3.3 Ministry
of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on
application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise
during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical
Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
QCVN 07-2:2023/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM -
SEWERAGE, DRAINAGE WORKS
1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
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1.2 Regulated
entities
This Regulation
applies to organizations and individuals relevant to investment, construction,
renovation, and upgrade of rainwater, wastewater drainage works and wastewater
treatment works.
1.3 Reference
documents
Reference
documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If
reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN
05:2023/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality;
QCVN
50:2013/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Thresholds for
Sludges from Water Treatment Process.
1.4 Definitions
In the
Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
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Wastewater
Refers to water
with properties and characteristics altered by usage or human activities and
released into water drainage system or the environment.
1.4.2
Domestic
wastewater
Refers to
wastewater produced by human activities such as: eating, drinking, cleaning,
washing, personal hygiene, and similar activities.
1.4.3
Urban
wastewater
Refers to
wastewater created by various sources in urban areas.
1.4.4
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Refers a specific
location where rainwater and/or wastewater is collected to drainage system and
transported to wastewater treatment plants or released into receiving waters.
1.4.5
Drainage
system
Refers to
drainage network (pipes, sewers, channels, canals, detention basins, etc.),
drainage pump stations of rainwater and wastewater, wastewater treatment works,
and other auxiliary works serving collection, transmission, drainage of rainwater,
wastewater, flood prevention, and wastewater treatment. Drainage system shall
be divided into levels below:
- Combined
drainage system where wastewater and rainwater are collected in the same
system;
- Separate
drainage system where wastewater drainage system is separate from rainwater
drainage system;
- Semi-separate
drainage system where combined drainage system is outfitted with combined
sewers for separating and transmitting wastewater to treatment plants.
1.4.6
Rainwater
drainage system
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1.4.7
Wastewater drainage
system
Refers to a
network of sewers and pipes for wastewater collection and transmission,
wastewater pump stations, wastewater treatment plants, outlets; diversion
chambers and combined sewers (if any) and other auxiliary works serving
wastewater collection, drainage, and treatment.
1.4.8
Combined sewer
Refers to sewer
that collects and transports wastewater in absence of rainwater and parts of
rainwater mixed with wastewater in combined drainage system from difference
basins to pump stations and wastewater treatment plants.
1.4.9
Drainage
network
- Level 1 sewers
are primary sewers for collecting and carrying water from drainage basins to
wastewater treatment plants or releasing into receiving waters;
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- Level 3 sewers
are sewers for collecting and carrying rainwater and wastewater from households
to level 2 or level 1 sewers.
1.4.10
Receiving
waters of wastewater
Refers to regular
or periodic moving waters such as rivers, streams, channels, lakes, lagoons,
ocean, and aquifers.
1.4.11
Detention
basins
Refers to natural
or artificial bodies of water capable of receiving rainwater and regulating
drainage of water drainage system.
1.4.12
Greywater
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1.4.13
Reclaimed
water
Refers to
wastewater that has been treated to a certain extent and suitable for use in
various purposes.
1.4.14
Sludge
Refers to organic
or inorganic slurry dredged and collected from septic tanks, drainage network,
detention basins, drainage pump stations, and wastewater treatment plants.
1.4.15
Drainage
system connection
Refers to
connection of drainage sewers of households to drainage system.
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Aerobic
treatment of wastewater
Refers to
wastewater treatment process that utilizes microorganisms in the presence of
oxygen.
1.4.17
Anaerobic
treatment of wastewater
Refers to
wastewater treatment process that utilizes microorganisms in the absence of
oxygen.
1.4.18
Semi-aerobic
treatment of wastewater
Refers to
wastewater treatment process that utilizes microorganisms where the content of
dissolved oxygen in water is less than 0,5 mg/L.
1.4.19
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Refers to a
drainage mechanism that relies on gravity.
1.4.20
Mechanical or
pressure drainage
Refers to a
drainage mechanism that relies on pumps and pressurized pipelines.
1.4.21
Municipal
wastewater treatment station, plant
Refers to
facilities that are tasked with the treatment of wastewater of a basin, basins
or the entirety of wastewater of urban areas to meet environmental regulations
prior to releasing into receiving waters.
1.4.22
Mechanical
treatment of wastewater
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1.4.23
Biological and
biochemical treatment of wastewater
Refers to a
wastewater treatment process that utilizes microorganisms to decompose
contaminants and/or filth.
1.4.24
Chemical
treatment of wastewater
Refers to a
wastewater treatment process that utilizes chemicals. Filth shall react with
chemicals, solidify and sink to the bottom or form non-toxic soluble or
volatile gas and then be separated from water. Examples of chemical treatment
are coagulation, flocculation, neutralization, oxidation.
1.4.25
Physicochemical
treatment of wastewater
Refers to a
wastewater treatment process that utilizes physiochemical factors such as:
flotation, adsorption, absorption, extraction, distillation, etc.
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Onsite
wastewater treatment works
Refers to
treatment works located at households, grounds of apartment buildings, offices,
service and mercantile buildings, and other structures.
2 TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
2.1 General
requirements
2.1.1 Investment
and construction of drainage works shall conform to planning approved by
competent authority and take into account the impact of climate change and
rising sea level. Separate drainage system shall be required for new urban
complexes and urban areas.
2.1.2 Pipelines,
inspection shafts, and auxiliary works on drainage network shall meet technical
requirements below:
- They have rigid
and strong structure to withstand the effect of wastewater and the environment;
- They are
capable of carrying wastewater and rainwater regularly with minimum pressure
loss;
- Appropriate
technical measures are taken to prevent leak and groundwater infiltration;
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2.1.3
Detention basin
2.1.3.1 Detention
basins shall be built in accordance with approved planning.
2.1.3.2 Where
combined drainage system is regulated by detention basin, rainwater shall,
prior to entering detention basins, go through combined sewer overflows. Water
storage and regulation in detention basins shall be tasked with regulating
rainwater.
2.1.3.3 Appropriate
ration between area of detention basins over total area of drainage basins and
depth shall be required to prevent flooding and inundation. Examination and
collection of meteorology and hydrology parameters, determination of calculated
flow shall be done in accordance with sewer spill frequency and compliance with
regulations on detention basins under QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.1.3.4 Where
rain intensity and flow rate exceed calculated value in regard to selected
sewer spill frequency, appropriate measures for limiting, reducing inundation
and moving towards sustainable drainage model shall be required.
2.1.4 Connectors
for wastewater shall be required to connect household drainage to drainage
network. Connectors shall be easily accessibly at all time and facilitate
inspection, dredging, clearing, and repair.
2.2 Drainage
network
2.2.1 Flow
rate of rainwater and wastewater shall be determined in accordance with QCVN
01:2021/BXD.
2.2.2 Minimum
diameter of rainwater drainage pipes, sewers, combined sewers in dwelling units
shall be 300 mm; in the streets shall be 400 mm. Minimum diameter of wastewater
drainage pipes and sewers in residential units shall be 150 mm; in the streets
shall be 200 mm.
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2.2.3.1 Minimum
flow velocity in a drainage network shall be sufficient to avoid sedimentation.
2.2.3.2 Minimum
flow velocity in compressed sludge pressure pipes (fresh sludge, decomposed
sludge, activated sludge, etc.) shall be sufficient to avoid sedimentation.
2.2.3.3 Maximum
flow velocity in gutters of rainwater and production greywater allowed to be
released into receiving waters shall be sufficient to avoid failure, damage,
and erosion of gutters depending on gutter materials or type of gutter
reinforcement.
2.2.4 Minimum
slope
2.2.4.1 Minimum
slope of sewers shall be selected on the basis of minimum flow velocity
intended for each type of sewers and sewer dimensions.
2.2.4.2 Minimum
slope of street gutters shall be 0,3 %.
2.2.5 Fullness
of drainage pipes shall guarantee minimum space for ventilation and reserve for
situations where wastewater level exceeds the design threshold.
2.2.6 Minimum
installation depth (from the top of the pipes) shall be:
- In case of
areas not occupied by motor vehicles: 0,3 m;
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2.2.7 Where
pipes and drainage works travel through soil with poor conditions, appropriate
technical measures shall be taken to ensure that the pipes and works are stable
and not prone to depression, deformation.
2.2.8 Connectors
of pipes and socket sewers shall be in form of rubber washers whereas
connectors of smooth pipes shall be in form of belts. Such forms of connection
are only applicable to sewers whose diameter is equal to or smaller than 300
mm. Connection of pipes and sewers of PVC, uPVC, HDPE, and other materials
shall conform to manufacturers’ instructions.
2.2.9 Storm drain
2.2.9.1 Storm
drains shall be situated along streets and squares to drain all storm water.
2.2.9.2 Rainfall
frequency shall be calculated in accordance with QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.2.9.3 Pipes
connecting inspection shafts and storm drains shall not exceed 40 m in length.
diameter of the connecting pipes shall be determined depending on area of
rainwater collection in dwelling units and shall not be less than 300 mm.
2.2.9.4 Storm
drains shall contain sedimentation basins with minimum depth of 0,3 m and
inlets shall be outfitted with garbage grates.
2.2.9.5 In
respect of combined drainage system in dwelling units, storm drains shall be
outfitted in a way that prevents odor and allow uninterrupted flow.
2.2.9.6 In
respect of rainwater drainage network where difference in height between grade
plane of pipes is equal to or less than 0,5 m, pipe diameter is less than 1 500
mm and flow velocity does not exceed 4 m/s, connection in form of inspection
shafts shall be allowed. Where height difference in grade plane is greater than
0,5 m, backdrop manholes shall be required.
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2.2.10.1 In
respect of wastewater drainage network, inspection shafts shall be located:
- Where different
pipelines are connected;
- Where sewers
change direction, slope, or diameter;
- Spaces between
inspection shafts along straight pipe segments shall facilitate convenient
operation and vary depending on pipe dimensions and installation methods;
- Inspection
shafts that are connected to pipes of a minimum diameter of 700 mm may have
working platforms installed to one side of the drain. The platforms shall not
be les than 1 000 mm away from the opposite wall. Where inspection shafts
contain sewers of a minimum diameter of 2 000 m, working platforms may be
supported by outrigger beams; dimension of clear section of the drain shall not
be less than (2 000 x 2 000) mm.
2.2.10.2 Dimensions
of inspection shafts:
- Where a sewer's
diameter is equal to or less than 800 mm, circular inspection shafts have
diameter of 1 000 mm whereas square inspection shafts have dimensions of (1 000
x 1 000) mm;
- Where sewer’s
diameter is greater than 800 mm, inspection shafts shall be 1 200 mm in length
and 500 mm greater than pipe diameter in width;
- Shaft openings
shall be circular in shape where the smallest inner diameter is 600 mm; shaft
openings of square or rectangular in shape shall only be used in special
circumstances;
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2.2.10.3 Ladders
for traversal of the shaft shall be required for maintenance purposes where
depth of inspection shafts exceeds 1,2 m.
2.2.10.4 In
respect of areas where construction has complete, shaft opening shall be
located at street elevation. In respect of areas where trees are planted, shaft
opening shall be at least 100 mm above ground elevation; in respect of areas
where construction is not implemented, shaft opening shall be at least 200 mm
above ground elevation. Inspection shafts of rainwater drainage system shall
share a similar structure to those of wastewater. The bottom of inspection
shafts of rainwater drainage system shall include sedimentation basins. Sedimentation
basins shall be 0,3 m to 0,5 m in depth.
2.2.10.5 Anti-damp
solutions shall be applied to shaft walls and floor appropriately. Where bricks
are used as shaft construction materials, anti-damp layers shall be 0,5 m
higher than groundwater level.
2.2.10.6 Cover
of inspection shafts and backdrop manholes shall be made of materials and
structures that are capable of withstanding loads in a similar fashion as roads
or sidewalks.
2.2.11
Backdrop manholes and other wells
Backdrop manholes,
rainwater collection wells, cleaning shafts, inspection shafts, wastewater
outlets, rainwater outlets, and combined sewer overflows shall conform to
technical requirements of selected and applied technical standards.
2.2.12 Inverted
siphon pipes for water crossing
As a general
principle, water crossing is not implemented. Inverted siphon pipes shall only
be used where necessary, such as when crossing rivers of great depth. If this
is the case:
- A minimum of
two siphons shall be installed for maintenance purposes where one pipe is congested;
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- Flow velocity
of horizontal pipe segments shall be 20 % ÷ 30 % greater than that of upstream
pipes to prevent sedimentation;
- Inspection
shafts shall be located before and after these pipe segments. Inspection shafts
before the inverted siphons shall include sedimentation basins.
2.2.13
Wastewater and rainwater outlets, combined sewer overflows
2.2.13.1 Treated
wastewater outlets discharging into receiving waters:
- Positioning of
sewers and wastewater outlets shall be selected so that discharged wastewater
combines with receiving waters, does not cause bank erosion, and does not
affect scenery, environment, nearby structures, and waterway traffic in the
area;
- Structure of
sewers and outlets shall facilitate the most effective mixing of treated water
and receiving waters. Outlets shall not affect operation of nearby watercrafts,
geological and hydrographic conditions of receiving waters;
- Where treated
wastewater is discharged into lakes, the outlets shall be at least 0,2 m below
the lowest water level of the lakes.
2.2.13.2 Rainwater
sewers and outlets can be:
- An open type
where embankment is not implemented;
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NOTE: Where water
level of receiving waters is higher than that of sewers, backflow prevention
devices shall be installed in outlets.
2.2.13.3 Combined
sewer overflows of combined drainage system shall include sewer regulators.
Dimension and design of sewer regulators shall depend on flow rate of
discharged water and water level in sewers, receiving waters.
2.2.13.4 Gas
extraction in water drainage network
Wastewater
drainage network shall be outfitted with gas extraction solutions.
2.2.14
Wastewater pump stations and tanks
Schedule
1 - Pump station reliability
Reliability level
Operational characteristics of pump station
Level I
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Level II
Wastewater pumps
are allowed to be suspended for up to 6 hours
Level III
Wastewater pumps
are allowed to be suspended for up to 1 day
2.2.14.1 Depending
on level of reliability, positions, and functions, wastewater and sludge pump
stations shall be classified in accordance with Schedule 1.
2.2.14.2 Gate
valves shall be installed on pipes carrying wastewater to pump stations.
2.2.14.3 The
minimum number of pressure pipes in level I pump stations shall be 2. Where
emergency occurs and results in the suspension of one pipe, the other pipe
shall be able to work at 100% calculated capacity. In this situation, backup
pumps shall be used.
2.2.14.4 It
is permissible to install one pressure pipe in level II and level III pump
stations. Each pump must have a separate suction pipe.
2.2.14.5 In
respect of sludge pump stations, solutions for cleaning suctions and booster
pipes shall be required.
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2.2.14.7 Water
intake chambers shall be designed in a way that they prevent wastewater from
seeping into the ground; solutions for preventing corrosion of structures and
equipment shall be required.
2.2.14.8 Solutions
for ventilation and ensuring safety for tank, pump station operators shall be
required.
2.2.14.9 In
respect of high capacity pumps, installation of overhead lifting equipment
shall be taken into consideration for the purpose of installing the pumps.
2.2.15 Construction
of underground drainage pipes carrying wastewater to wastewater treatment
stations and treatment plants utilizing pipe jacking method shall conform to
separate regulations.
2.3 Wastewater
treatment works
2.3.1
Wastewater treatment stations, treatment plants
Equipment for
collecting odor and deodorizing or solutions for preventing odor and emission
from escaping to the environment shall be required and compliant with QCVN
05:2023/BTNMT.
2.3.2 Unit
work items in wastewater treatment stations, treatment plants
2.3.2.1 Garbage
grates shall be installed in all wastewater treatment stations regardless of
treatment capacity.
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2.3.2.3 Grease
collectors shall be required where grease content exceeds 100 mg/L.
2.3.2.4 Detention
basins shall be required to control flow rate and content of contaminants in
wastewater. Basin volume shall be determined by graphs illustrating flow rates
and graphs illustrating changes to contaminant contents in wastewater. Where
data is not available, data of other active similar stations and plants shall
be used as reference.
2.3.2.5 Preliminary
clarifiers are not required not be installed in wastewater treatment stations
and treatment plants where content of suspended matters of input wastewater is
less than 150 mg/L.
2.3.2.6 Above-ground
wastewater treatment works such as constructed wetlands may be located in areas
with sufficient hydrogeology conditions (particle compositions, elevation of
bottom of the works which must be at least 0,5 m above ground water level) and
must meet local hygiene requirements. In other situations, appropriate
technical solutions shall be required. Construction and operation of gravel
filter and filter trenches shall adhere to relevant regulations.
2.3.2.7 Biological
wastewater treatment works that utilize attached growth methods such as
biological filtration tanks or suspended growth of activated carbon such as
aerotanks, CAS, MBBR, SBR, AO, A2O, etc. may be used as secondary or tertiary
wastewater treatment.
2.3.2.8 Construction
and operation of works for biological treatment of wastewater shall depend on
components, characteristics, and capacity of wastewater. Contents of toxic
substances in wastewater shall be below the permissible threshold so as to
ensure normal operation of microorganisms in biological treatment works.
2.3.2.9 Secondary
clarifiers shall be installed in wastewater treatment stations and treatment
plants after biological or chemical treatment process. Where SBR technology is
used, secondary clarifiers shall be incorporated in the same structure.
2.3.2.10 Disinfectant
equipment and works shall be installed in wastewater treatment stations.
2.3.2.11 Sludge
gravity thickeners shall be located in wastewater treatment stations and
treatment plants that utilize sludge activated wastewater treatment (in CAS,
MBBR, SBR, AO, A2O, etc.). Where capacity of wastewater treatment stations and
treatment plants is below 1 000 m3/d, sludge gravity thickeners
shall not be required depending on technical and economic comparison results.
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2.3.2.13 Methane
fermenters:
- Methane
fermenters shall be considered as a solution for disposing biodegradable
organic sediments of domestic and manufacturing wastewater. It is permissible
to introduce grinded and biodegradable organic matters to methane fermenters
(garbage collected by grates, and wastes of organic origin);
- Fire prevention
and fire safety solutions for methane fermenters shall be required;
- Upon receiving
materials and wastes of organic origin from outside of wastewater treatment
plants, components, harmful substances, and size of grinded particles shall be
carefully taken into consideration and pre-treated where needed so as to not
affect treatment efficiency;
- Solutions for
strengthening fermentation process shall be required so as to effectively
utilize fermentation gas.
2.3.2.14 Sludge
drying or separating works and equipment:
- Sludge drying
surface shall not be located on natural soil; sludge liquid collecting pipes
shall be required and installed in a way that sludge liquid does not seep into
the ground;
- Drying process
shall utilize mechanical equipment so as to negate natural phenomena (heavy
rain, high humidity) or poor land conditions;
- Sludge
incinerators may be used for total decontamination and reduction of sludge
quantity as long as emission treatment is implemented in accordance with the
Law on Environmental Protection;
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NOTE. In order to
negate the effect of precipitation, drying grounds shall be outfitted with
roofs.
2.3.2.15 Gas
supply stations:
- Buildings of
gas supply stations may be outfitted with air filters, pumps for technical
water pump and aerotank drainage, activated sludge pumps, central control equipment,
distribution equipment, transformers, common rooms, and other auxiliary
equipment;
- Gas supply
stations shall be outfitted with fire safety and prevention equipment in
accordance with fire prevention and firefighting laws.
2.3.3 In
respect of new residential areas, residential clusters, new development areas
with low population density, it is necessary to adopt on-site or distributed
(non-centralized) wastewater treatment works (such as gravel filters, filter
trenches, constructed wetlands) on the basis of technical-economic advantages
over centralized wastewater treatment.
2.4
Maintenance
2.4.1 Water
drainage works and work items shall be periodically maintained and/or replaced
in order to perform design functionalities.
2.4.2 Construction
and operation of water drainage network and wastewater treatment network shall
adhere to occupational safety and fire safety laws; employees constructing and
operating water drainage network and wastewater treatment network shall be
adequately equipped with PPE.
3 ORGANIZING IMPLEMENTATION
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3.1.1 Investment
projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere
to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved;
individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment
construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall
conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local
construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this
Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building
design and construction.
3.3 Ministry
of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on
application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise
during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical
Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON
TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - TRENCH AND TUNNEL WORKS
1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
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1.2 Regulated
entities
This Regulation
applies to organizations and individuals relevant to investment in
construction, renovation, and operation of trench and tunnel works.
1.3 Reference
documents
Reference
documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If
reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN 02:2022/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Physical Natural and Climatic data for
Construction;
QCVN
33:2019/BTTTT, National Technical Regulation on Installation of outside
telecommunication cable network;
QCVN 01:2020/BCT,
National technical regulation on Electric safety.
1.4 Definitions
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1.4.1
Trench
Refers to an
underground line works with small dimensions for installations of cables,
wires, and ducts.
1.4.2
Manhole
Refers to a
vertical underground work within trench system for installation and connection
of wires, telecommunication cables, electric cables, public lighting cables,
water supply pipes, energy supply pipes (if any) and backup supply pipes.
1.4.3
Tunnel
Refers to an
underground line works with sufficiently large dimensions to allow humans to
perform installation, repair, and maintenance of equipment and pipelines.
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Technical
connection
Refers to
connection between wires, cables, underground pipes, trenches, and tunnels.
1.4.5
Underground
wires, cables, pipelines
Refers to water
supply pipes, energy supply pipes, water drainage pipes, electric wires,
communication wires constructed underground.
1.4.6
Emergency exit
Refers to works
that allow employees to exit from tunnels to ground level in case of
emergencies.
1.4.7
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Refers to a part
of tunnel that is outfitted with independent ventilation system and serves as
temporary refuge for employees in case of emergencies.
1.4.8
Control
station
Refers to works
built for installation of control system and control of operation of technical
equipment in tunnels.
2 TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
2.1 General
requirements
2.1.1 Trench
and tunnel works shall adhere to construction planning, urban planning, and
specialized planning approved by a competent authority.
2.1.2 Design
and construction of trench and tunnel works shall take into account effects of
natural conditions, useful life, climate change, and rising sea level. Including:
- Load-bearing
capability of construction elements;
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- No impact on
adjacent structures and other works which the trench and tunnel works intersect
with;
- Advanced
construction technologies (if any);
- Convenience and
effectiveness in construction and operation.
2.1.3 Materials
and design of trench and tunnel works shall meet requirements regarding
strength, fire safety, antidamping, and stability during useful life while
under the effect of load and natural conditions, and technical requirements
under selected and applied regulations.
2.1.4 Dimensions
of trench and tunnel works shall meet design functionalities, safety, and
convenience in operation and reserve for future growth.
2.1.5 Depth
and position of trench and tunnel works shall rely on technological, terrain,
geographic, and hydrographic geological conditions. It is also necessary to
take into account depth of technical infrastructure network and other works
which the trench, tunnel works intersect as well as construction methods and
load applied.
2.1.6 Connection
between underground technical infrastructures and other underground works shall
ensure safety and convenience in operation and ensure that connecting elements
meet technical requirements.
2.1.7 Fire
safety, water drainage, lighting, and ventilation systems in trench and tunnel
works shall facilitate convenient construction, repair, and maintenance.
2.1.8 Technical
solutions ensuring safety for trench and tunnel works shall be required in
areas where mining activities take place and areas prone to depression.
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2.1.10 Trench
and tunnel works shall be marked on the ground.
2.1.11 Geotechnical
- environmental monitoring, geological environment monitoring, trench and
tunnel work monitoring, monitoring of connecting works of underground technical
infrastructures, monitoring of adjacent works shall be implemented during
construction and operation of tunnel works.
2.2 Trench
2.2.1
Structure of trench
2.2.1.1 Trench
works consist of: manholes, brackets, and separate chambers (if any) for
installation of wires, cables, pipes.
2.2.1.2 Dimensions
and shapes of trenches shall meet demands (with 10% reservation) for
installation of wires, cables, pipes of all types and sizes and separation
distances between them in accordance with regulations applicable to specific
type of pipes situated in trenches.
2.2.1.3 Depth
of trenches shall be determined depending on:
- Load-bearing
capability of construction elements;
- Terrain,
hydrographic geology conditions, and rising sea level of local area;
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- Advanced
construction technologies (if any);
- Convenience and
effectiveness in construction and operation.
2.2.1.4 Where
trenches are situated below sidewalks and outside of carriageways, edges of
trenches shall not be less than 1,0 m away from building walls.
2.2.1.5 Trench
branches in residential areas may be located below carriageway. Horizontal
distance between trenches and urban underground technical infrastructures
outside of trench and tunnel works shall adhere to the QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.2.1.6 Layout
of trenches in residential areas shall anticipate construction process in
phases and expansion, repair thereof.
2.2.1.7 Depth
measured from the top of trenches to the surface of sidewalks shall not be less
than 0,3 m and to the surface of carriageways shall not be less than 0,7 m.
2.2.1.8 The
bottom of trenches shall have minimum slope of 0,1% to facilitate drainage.
2.2.1.9 Manholes
shall be located where trenches intersect, change direction, and travel on a
straight line where manholes shall be situated at most every 100 m.
2.2.2 Wires,
cables, and pipes in trenches
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2.2.2.2 Arrangement
and underground installation of wires, cables, and pipes shall be implemented
on the following basis:
- Connection to
general wires, cables, and pipes of urban areas must be guaranteed;
- Where
wires, cables, and pipes are placed together in trenches to subscribers,
regulations on common use of sewers and tanks in the area and other relevant
professional regulations must be adhered to;
- Positioning
of wires, cables, pipes and spacing thereof must be clearly defined so as to
prevent interference and maintain safety throughout operation in a manner
compliant with QCVN 01:2020/BCT, QCVN 33:2019/BTTTT, and relevant law
provisions;
- Horizontal
arrangement of wires, cables, and pipes must adhere to type-specific technical
requirements, facilitate operation, maintenance, and ensure fire safety. Separation
distance from pipes to the edge of trenches shall not be less than 0,05 m.
2.2.2.3 Wires,
cables, and pipes in trenches shall be placed on brackets or separate channels.
Supporting brackets of pipes and contact points between pipes and supporting
pads shall meet strength, stability, safety, and convenience requirements in
management and operation of the system.
2.2.2.4 Spacing,
dimensions, and quantity of brackets of electric pipes and cables shall conform
to design of each works and adhere to 2.2.1. Where electric wires and cables
with varying voltages are placed on the same brackets, these wires and cable
shall be physically separated or 0,05 m away from one another.
2.2.2.5 Wires,
cables, pipes, connections in trenches shall meet mechanical, physical,
chemical, electrical, anti-damping, anti-corrosive, and strength requirements.
2.2.2.6 Pipes,
lining materials, coating materials, accessories, and parts of pipes must
conform to use purposes and maximum operating pressure. Regulations of relevant
industries shall be adhered to.
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2.2.2.8 Minimum
vertical clearance between beams supporting wires, cables, and pipes in
trenches shall be:
- At least
0,15 m between the beams supporting communication lines; at least 0,2 m between
beams supporting communication lines to overhead beams supporting electric
lines;
- At least
0,15 m between beams supporting technical equipment lines to the top and bottom
of the trenches;
- At least
0,2 m from water supply pipes or other technical system and beams supporting
electric supply lines to the top and bottom of the trenches.
2.2.3 Manholes
2.2.3.1 Minimum
clearance of manholes in trench system shall be sufficient to facilitate
operation. Minimum length of manholes shall be 1,5 m where depth and width of
manholes shall be at least 10% greater than depth and width of trenches.
2.2.3.2 Manholes
shall be kept clear, dry, and convenient for access and operation.
2.2.3.3 Manhole
cover shall:
- Be on
the same elevation as finished surfaces of streets and sidewalks;‘
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- Be at least 0,2
m higher than elevation of areas where no construction activities take place;
- Be able
to withstand load under any circumstances;
- Be able
to prevent solid matters from falling in the manholes.
2.2.3.4 Areas
where water collection is positioned, a minimum of 2 submersible pumps shall be
required (where one pump acts as primary pump and the other acts as backup
pump).
2.2.3.5 Where
gravity drainage system is used from manholes or water intake along pipes or
channels, diameter of pipes or channels shall not be less than 0,2 m where
minimum slope from manholes or water intake to combined drainage system shall
be 0,5%.
2.3 Tunnel
2.3.1
Structure of tunnel
2.3.1.1 Tunnels
consist of: specialized rooms, refuge chambers, control stations, entry doors,
egress doors, water intake, structural elements for installation of lighting
fixtures, drainage, ventilation, communication, signaling, security, automatic
alarm equipment in case of emergencies.
2.3.1.2 Dimensions,
shapes, and structures of tunnels shall be determined on the following basis:
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- Ensure safety,
effectiveness, and convenience in operation, maintenance, and repair of wires,
cables, and pipes in tunnels;
- Reservation for
future expansion shall be made.
2.3.1.3 Minimum
clear height of tunnels shall be 1,9 m; minimum clear width of tunnels shall be
1,6 m. Minimum clear width and height of walkway in tunnels shall be 0,8 m and
1,8 m respectively.
2.3.1.4 The
bottom of tunnels shall have minimum longitudinal slope of 0,1% towards water
intake. Tunnels shall be kept dry at all time.
2.3.1.5 Each
refuge chamber in tunnels shall be outfitted with independent ventilation
equipment. Length of each refuge chamber and positioning of refuge chamber
shall be calculated on the basis of urban construction conditions, technical
solutions, and general planning.
2.3.1.6 Doors
shall be situated where tunnels intersect and at most every 500 m if tunnels
travel in a straight line where minimum clear length shall be 1,5 m and minimum
clear width shall be 1 m. Doors shall be accompanied by ladders leading to the
tunnels.
2.3.1.7 Doors
leading to and from tunnels shall be designed in a way that they can keep water
out of tunnels with flood data based on historical data of meteorology,
hydrology, hydrogeology, and rising sea level forecast.
2.3.1.8 Tunnels
shall be outfitted with signs indicating direction and egress.
2.3.2 Wires,
cables, pipes in tunnels
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2.3.2.2 Tunnels
may contain telecommunication, electricity, public lighting wires and cables,
water supply pipes, energy supply pipes, water drainage pipes (if any). Wires,
cables, and pipes contained in tunnels shall be marked as per applicable laws.
2.3.2.3 Arrangement
and installation of wires, cables, pipes in tunnels shall meet all requirements
below:
- Safety for
humans, installed structures, adjacent structures, and relevant infrastructure
system must be guaranteed;
- Connection
to general wires, cables, and pipes of urban areas must be guaranteed;
- Where wires,
cables, and pipes are placed together in tunnels to subscribers, regulations on
common use of sewers and tanks in the area and other relevant professional
regulations must be adhered to;
- Positioning
of wires, cables, pipes and horizontal spacing thereof must be clearly defined
so as to prevent interference and maintain safety throughout operation in a
manner compliant with QCVN 01:2020/BCT, QCVN 33:2019/BTTTT, and relevant law
provisions. Minimum clearance from pipes to walls of tunnels shall be 0,05 m.
2.3.2.4 Wires,
cables, and pipes in tunnels shall be placed on brackets or separate channels. Supporting
brackets of pipes and contact points between pipes and supporting pads shall
meet strength, stability, safety, and convenience requirements in management
and operation of the system.
2.3.2.5 Spacing,
dimensions, and quantity of brackets of electric pipes and cables shall conform
to design of each works and adhere to 2.3.1. Where electric wires and cables
with varying voltages are placed on the same brackets, these wires and cable
shall be physically separated or 0,05 m away from one another.
2.3.2.6 Wires,
cables, pipes, connections in tunnels shall meet mechanical, physical,
chemical, electrical, anti-damping, anti-corrosive, and strength requirements.
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2.3.2.8 Anti-interference
solutions shall be taken where communication wires are placed in the same
tunnel as electric wires.
2.3.2.9 Minimum
vertical clearance between beams supporting wires, cables, and pipes in tunnels
shall be:
- At least 0,15 m
between the beams supporting communication lines; at least 0,2 m between beams
supporting communication lines to overhead beams supporting electric lines;
- At least
0,15 m between beams supporting technical equipment lines to the top and bottom
of the trenches;
- At least 0,2 m
from water supply pipes or other technical system and beams supporting electric
supply lines to the top and bottom of the tunnels.
- At least 0,25 m
between beams supporting electric supply lines of a voltage of up to 35 kV.
2.3.2.10 Minimum
separation distance between optical cables and electric wires in tunnels shall
adhere to regulations on separation distance under QCVN 01:2020/BCT, QCVN
33:2019/BTTTT.
2.3.2.11 Pipes
made of combustible materials in tunnels shall be contained in separate
compartments.
2.3.2.12 Gas
pipes and pipes carrying combustible and flammable materials must not be placed
in the same space as cables in tunnels.
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2.3.3.1 Tunnels
should be placed along road strips and main roads when possible; tunnels may be
placed under sidewalks or carriageways.
2.3.3.2 Minimum
horizontal clearance from tunnels to urban underground infrastructures shall
adhere to QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.3.3.3 Depth
measured from ground elevation to the top of tunnels shall be sufficient so as
to withstand force imposed by adjacent structures and temporary load on the
ground and shall not be less than 0,7 m under all circumstances. Where tunnels
are deeper than foundation of buildings or foundation of adjacent technical
network, technical solutions shall be taken to ensure safety for these
structures.
2.3.3.4 Tunnels
shall not intersect other line-type works (metro lines, railways, carriageways,
tramways, etc.) at an angle lower than 60o. Separation distance
between the intersection to equipment of aforementioned works shall maintain
safety in operation.
2.3.3.5 Technical
system: lighting, ventilation, water supply, water drainage, electricity
supply, fire prevention and firefighting, egress, and operation control in
tunnels shall meet safety requirements, not cause accidents during structure
construction and operation, and adhere to selected and applied regulations.
2.3.3.6 Electricity
of tunnels shall be provided by two separate sources in a manner complaint with
QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.3.3.7 Other
appliances (street lighting, advertising works, mercantile works, etc.) shall
not be connected to electrical grid of tunnels.
2.3.3.8 Tunnels
shall be outfitted with gravity-flow water collection system which direct water
to water intakes at low positions in tunnels.
2.3.3.9 Where
separate pump stations of tunnels are used or water is pumped from water
intakes, a minimum of 2 submersible pumps (where one pump acts as primary pump
whereas the other acts as backup pump).
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2.3.3.11 Protection
from infiltration of saltwater, groundwater, and other liquid into tunnels
shall be implemented; anti-corrosive measures for tunnels shall be required.
2.3.3.12 Technical
solutions shall be implemented to ensure hygiene and safety for employees during
construction and operation.
2.3.4
Construction elements
2.3.4.1 Design
of tunnel elements shall take into account impact of load, natural factors
according to QCVN 02:2022/BXD and interaction of the works and surrounding
geological environment and adjacent works.
2.3.4.2 Solutions
for sealing gaps on exterior of tunnels and tunnel walls in order to meet
anti-damping requirements according selected and applied standards or approved
design tasks.
2.3.4.3 Where
tunnels are situated in areas prone to earthquakes, depression, or mining
activities, additional solutions for improving stability, preventing
depression, damping, and ensuring fire safety for tunnels and pipes therein
shall be required.
2.3.4.4 Where
tunnels cross submerged obstacles:
- Installation
depth of submerged tunnel segments shall take into account specific conditions
of each area and shall not be less than 0,5 m in all circumstances from design
grade plane of the river bed to the top of the tunnels; or not be less than 1 m
in navigation channels;
- Protective
coatings on top of tunnels shall be reinforced and protected against corrosive
effect of the flow;
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2.3.5
Ventilation
2.3.5.1 Ventilation
of tunnels (whether artificial or natural) shall take into account climate
change. Conditions regarding temperature and wind velocity in tunnels shall
adhere to applicable occupational safety and hygiene laws. Spacing and
dimensions of air outlets shall be calculated depending on cross-sectional area
of tunnels, specific local conditions to ensure safety for repair and
maintenance personnel in tunnels when ventilation equipment is turned on.
Spacing between air outlets in all circumstances shall not exceed 150 m,
cross-sectional area of air outlets shall not be less than 0,2 m. Solutions for
maintaining safety, security and preventing infiltration of rainwater into
tunnels shall be required.
2.3.5.2 System
for monitoring and examining content of carbon monoxide (CO), toxic gas.
combustible gas in areas where tunnels intersect underground gas pockets and
gas pipes.
2.3.6 Warning
signs
2.3.6.1 Equipment
system for issuing warnings regarding operation of energy supply sources and
contents of toxic gases in tunnels.
2.3.6.2 Automatic
fire alarm system shall be required in tunnels.
2.3.6.3 Security
or CCTV system shall be required in tunnels for the purpose of detecting
trespassers in tunnels.
2.3.6.4 Warning
information and signals shall be transmitted to control stations.
2.3.7 Fire
safety
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2.4
Maintenance
2.4.1 Trenches
and tunnels shall be periodically maintained or replaced throughout operation
so as to maintain design functionalities.
2.4.2 Trenches
and tunnels shall be maintained in accordance with construction maintenance
laws.
3 ORGANIZING IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Transition
clauses
3.1.1 Investment
projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere
to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved;
individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment
construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall
conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local
construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this
Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building
design and construction.
3.3 Ministry
of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on
application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise
during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical
Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
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QCVN 07-4:2023/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON
TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - URBAN TRANSPORTATION WORKS
1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
This Regulation
prescribes technical requirements and mandatory management requirements in
investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of urban transportation
works.
This Regulation
does not apply to transportation works such as municipal railway, sea ports,
inland waterway ports, airports.
1.2 Regulated
entities
This Regulation
applies to organizations and individuals relevant to investment, construction,
renovation, and upgrade of urban transportation works.
1.3 Reference
documents
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QCVN 01:2021/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN
07-2:2023/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure
System - Sewerage, Drainage Works;
QCVN
07-7:2023/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure
System - Lighting Works;
QCVN 10:2014/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Construction for Accessibility for persons
with disabilities.
1.4 Definitions
In the
Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Urban road
Refers to a road
within an administrative division of a city, town, commune and is determined
under urban planning approved by competent authority.
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Square
Refers to an
urban area with open space serving as an urban landscape and combination
between architectural works and traffic system; is accessed by roads, pathways
and surrounded by large-scale structures with varying functions.
1.4.3
Flow rate
Refers to the
number of vehicles (or people) moving through a cross-section area of the road
in a unit of time (hour or 24 hours).
1.4.4
Design vehicle
flow rate
Refers to number
of cars converted from number of other vehicles moving through a cross-section
area of the road in a unit of time for a future year. The future year is the 20th
year in respect of city-level roads, 15th year in respect of
reconstructed roads and upgraded, renovated roads in an urban area, and from
the 3rd year to the 5th year in respect of repaired roads
and roads subject to traffic rearrangement.
1.4.5
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Refers to the
peak vehicle count moving through a cross-section (a lane, lanes) under
specific road, traffic, and environment conditions.
1.4.6
Peak vehicle
count
Refers to the
peak vehicle count of a rush hour which is counted every 15-minute interval of
the hour (vehicle flow rate of 15 minutes of a rush hour x 4).
1.4.7
Maximum
capacity
Refers to traffic
capacity determined under defined ideal conditions.
1.4.8
Possible
capacity
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1.4.9
Design speed
Refers to speed
that is used to calculate geometry limitations of road in unfavorable
conditions.
1.4.10
Public transportation
Refers to a
transport system serving urban transportation via the use of public means of
transport such as: buses, rapid buses, urban railway, etc.
1.4.11
Rapid bus
Refers to public
transportation model that uses buses that have high transport capacity, high
service speed, operate on separate lane, have modern and synchronized
infrastructure system.
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Urban transportation
works
Consists of urban
roads, overpasses, underpasses in cities; road warning systems; water drainage
system; works serving public transportation, and other auxiliary works, equipment
of urban roads.
2 TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
2.1 General
requirements
2.1.1 Urban
transportation works shall meet traffic safety requirements, fulfill travel
demands appropriate to the selected service level, ensure equality for all
traffic participants, and create diversity in choice of modes of transport.
2.1.2 Investment
and construction of urban transportation works shall adhere to planning
approved by competent authority and regulations on road traffic infrastructure
management.
2.1.3 Urban
transportation works shall maintain stability and integrity requirements,
conform to natural conditions, and adapt to climate change and rising sea
level.
2.1.4 Urban
transportation works shall allow fire engines to access constructions and fire
department connections.
2.1.5 Urban
transportation works shall facilitate access by persons with disabilities in
accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
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2.2.1 Contour map of
urban roads
2.2.1.1 Minimum
visibility depicted on contour map and longitudinal section of roads:
- Stopping sight
distance is guaranteed under all circumstances;
- Structures and
trees taller than 0,5 m shall not be allowed in areas where visibility is
required;
- Visibility
values in Schedule 1 may be reduced where urban roads are renovated or new
roads are built on disadvantageous terrain and technical - economic basis is
provided as long as speed limit signs and other measures for speed control are
implemented.
Schedule 1 - Limit design parameters of contour maps and
longitudinal section of roads
Factors
Design speed, km/h
100
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60
50
40
30
20
1. Radius
of horizontal curve 1), m
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a) Limit minimum
400
250
125
80
60
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15
b) Regular minimum
600
400
200
100
75
50
50
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4 000
2 500
1 500
1 000
600
350
250
2. Stopping
sight distance2), m
150
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75
55
40
30
20
3. Overtaking
sight distance 3), m
-
550
350
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200
150
100
4. Maximum
longitudinal gradient 4), %
4
5
6
6
7
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9
5. Maximum
superelevation rate 5),%
8
8
7
6
6
6
6
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200
150
100
80
70
50
30
(150)
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(60)
(50)
(40)
(30)
(20)
7. Minimum
radius of vertical curve 7), m
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a) Summit type:
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- Regular
10 000
4 500
2 000
1 200
700
400
200
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6 500
3 000
1 400
800
450
250
100
b) Valley type:
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- Regular
4 500
3 000
1 500
...
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700
400
200
- Limit
3 000
2 000
1 000
700
450
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100
8. Minimum
length of vertical curve, m
85
70
50
40
35
25
20
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2)
Two-way sight distance equals twice the stopping sight distance.
3) Overtaking
sight distance is not required in respect of expressways, roads with medians,
and one-way roads.
4)
Maximum longitudinal gradient in areas with disadvantageous terrain (mountainous
regions) may be increased by 2 % in respect of regional roads, internal roads
and by 1 % in respect of urban roads.
5)
In respect of simple junctions, superelevation is not required or
superelevation gradient may equal road gradient.
6)
Where roads are renovated and/or upgraded, values contained in brackets shall
apply.
7)
Radius of horizontal curve and vertical curve dictate 2 values: limit radius
refers to the minimum radius applied in areas with disadvantageous terrain;
regular radius refers to minimum and recommended radius applied in areas with
non-disadvantageous terrain. In all circumstances, the greater the radius the
better.
2.2.1.2 Curve radius
on contour map
Limit minimum,
regular minimum, and non-superelevation minimum radius of curves shall adhere
to Schedule 1.
2.2.1.3 Turning
radius for dead-end roads:
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- Area of turning
facilities other than turn arounds shall be at least 12 m x 12 m.
2.2.1.4 Turning
radius of medians:
- All openings
along medians shall be of sufficient dimensions to facilitate turn-around of
vehicles;
- Where road
width is insufficient for turning around, other measures must be taken to
enable vehicles to safely turn around without affecting other vehicles on the
road.
2.2.1.5 Transition
curve:
- Where design
speed of road is equal to or greater than 60 km/h, a transition curve shall be
required between a straightaway and a curve;
- Where the curve
includes superelevation, the transition curve may also act as transition for
the superelevation segment. Where transition curve is not used, the
superelevation transition shall be situated half on the straightaway and half
on the curve.
2.2.1.6 In
respect of expressways, urban arterial roads, urban collectors, and other roads
with at least 4 lanes and medians, superelevation segment shall be outfitted
with rainwater and runoff collection system at the medians and where water ponding
occurs.
2.2.1.7 Verticality
planning of urban roads (carriageways, medians, sidewalks); connection between
verticality of urban roads and roadside functionalities shall be designed so as
to fulfill rainwater drainage.
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2.2.2.1 Longitudinal
section of roads depicts design elevation of carriageway surface based on the
center or edge of carriageways. Where tramways are situated in the middle of
the road, longitudinal section shall be determined along the center of tramways
where the tramways share the same elevation as the roads.
2.2.2.2 Design
elevation of roads shall conform to planning for grade plane elevation and
surface runoff drainage of urban areas and general architecture of urban
roadside constructions while maintaining vertical clearance in accordance with
use demands.
2.2.2.3 In
respect of roads in mountainous regions, renovated urban roads and roads in
areas with disadvantageous and/or restrictive terrain, where technical -
economic basis is sufficient, it is permissible to increase maximum gradient
under Schedule 1 by an extra 1% in case of urban roads and 2 % in case of
regional roads and internal roads. Longitudinal gradient of roads in tunnels
(except for tunnels that are less than 50 m in length) and roads leading up to
overpasses shall not exceed 4 % where non-motorized vehicles operate on such
roads. Where each direction of a road has a separate longitudinal section, the
maximum gradient of downslope segment may be increased by 2 % compared to the
maximum longitudinal gradient under Schedule 1.
2.2.2.4 Where
curve radius ranges from 15 m to 45 m, longitudinal gradient under Schedule 1
shall be reduced in accordance with Schedule 2.
Schedule
2 - Gradient reduction on curves
Curve radius, m
> 30 ÷ ≤ 45
> 25 ÷
≤ 30
> 20 ÷
≤ 25
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≤ 15
Longitudinal
gradient reduction, %
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
2.2.2.5 Where
longitudinal gradient of urban roads is less than 0,3 %, grating of minimum
gradient of 0,3 % shall be required and rainwater collectors shall be required
where water ponding occurs.
2.2.2.6 Where
roads intersect with railways, longitudinal gradient of the crossing shall not
exceed 4%; longitudinal gradient of roads within railway safety corridor shall
not exceed 2,5 % (exceeding sections between 2 railways).
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2.2.2.8 Minimum
radius of vertical curves shall conform to Schedule 1; in special circumstances
where technical - economic basis is present, it is permissible to lower minimum
radius by one level.
2.2.3 Cross section
of urban roads
2.2.3.1 Cross
section of urban roads shall be sufficient and meet all technical requirements
in order to facilitate different modes of transport according to current or
future demand which may include: sections for motorized vehicles, sections for
public transportation, sections for non-motorized vehicles, auxiliary lanes,
parking spaces, reserved land fund for renovation and expansion (if any) and sections
for structures, equipment serving traffic operation.
2.2.3.2 Carriageways
of urban roads
2.2.3.2.1 Expressway
Factors of
carriageway of expressways (number of lanes, lane width, safety width, road
width) are specified under Schedule 3.
Schedule
3 - Minimum dimensions of cross section of urban roads
Road level
Road level
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Number of two-way lanes
Width of one lane, m
Median width, m2)
Minimum road width, m
Urban-level
100
4
3,75
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27,50
1. Urban
expressway
80
4
3,75
0,50
27,00
60
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3,50
0,50
24,50
100
4
3,75
0,75
30,50
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80
4
3,75
0,50
30,00
60
4
3,50
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26,00
100
4
3,75
0,75
30,50
3. Urban
collector road
80
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3,75
0,50
30,00
60
4
3,50
0,50
26,00
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80
4
3,75
0,50
30,00
60
4
3,50
0,50
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Regional-level
5. Regional
collector road
60
4
3,50
0,50
24,00
50
4
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0,25
23,00
6. Regional
road
50
2
3,50
0,25
16,50
40
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3,50
-
16,00
Internal -level
7. Sub-regional
road
40
2
3,50
-
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8. Residential
road, dead-end road
20, 30
2
3,00
-
10,00
9. Bicycle
path
-
2
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-
3,00
10. Footpath
-
2
0,75
-
1,50
1) Design speed of 60
km/h in respect of urban-level road shall be applied to mountainous regions.
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2.2.3.2.2 Urban-level
road
- Width of lane
and road is specified under Schedule 3;
- Section of
roads that runs throughout an urban area shall be separated from section of
roads that serve a localized area;
- Where road
section serving traffic purpose has at least 4 lanes, medians of minimum width
of 2 m for separating lanes of opposing directions shall be required. In
respect of upgraded and/or renovated roads with difficulty regarding land fund,
it is permissible to use medians or barriers.
2.2.3.2.3
Regional-level road
Number of lanes,
width of lane, and width of road are specified under Schedule 3.
2.2.3.2.4 Internal
road
- Number of
lanes, width of lane, and width of road are specified under Schedule 3.
- In respect of
roads in residential areas of existing urban areas that face difficulty
regarding construction conditions, number of lanes, width of lane, width of
road may be reduced to meet current conditions.
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2.2.3.2.6 Regulations
on parts of carriageway of urban roads:
- Minimum
geometry regulations are specified under Schedule 3;
- Actual number
of lanes shall be determined by design vehicle flow rate of rush hour in the
future year Nh, possible capacity of a lane Ptt and use coefficient
of possible capacity Z:
Number of lane: n = Nh/Z x Ptt
(lane);
- Design vehicle
flow rate in rush hour of future year shall be determined on the basis of
forecast. Where actual data is insufficient, take approximation equaling 0,10
to 0,15 of daily vehicle flow rate;
- Use coefficient
of possible capacity is determined by dividing design vehicle flow rate by
possible capacity in accordance with Schedule 4;
- Lateral
gradient of carriageway is specified under Schedule 5;
- Sidewalk width
is specified under Schedule 6 depending on the type of road and level of road;
- Where curve
radius is less than 250 m, expansion section shall be incorporated in
carriageway.
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Road level
Design speed, km/h
Z
Urban-level road
100
0,6 ÷ 0,7
80
0,7 ÷ 0,8
60
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Regional-level road
60
0,8
50
0,8 ÷ 0,9
40
0,8 ÷ 0,9
Internal road
40
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30
0,9
20
0,9
Schedule
5 - Lateral gradient of carriageway
Type of road surface
Lateral gradient of carriageway, %
Urban road
Square, coach station
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Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
1. Asphalt
concrete, cement concrete
1,5
2,5
1,5
2,5
2. Prefabricated
cement concrete
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3,0
1,5
2,5
3. Other
asphalt surface
2,0
3,0
2,0
3,0
4. Stone
paved and flat surface
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3,0
2.0
3,0
5. Chippings,
aggregates
2,5
3,5
-
-
2.2.3.3 Sidewalk
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2.2.3.3.2 Sidewalk
width is specified under Schedule 6 depending on the type of road and level of
road.
2.2.3.3.3 Sidewalk
sections to be used by pedestrians shall be layered with hard materials to
accommodate travel on foot, drainage, ensure environmental hygiene, and adhere
to general aesthetic.
2.2.3.3.4 Where
open rainwater gutters are installed on sidewalks, safety measures shall be
taken to protect humans and means of transport.
2.2.3.3.5 Minimum
width of a pedestrian lane on sidewalks shall be 0,75 m.
2.2.3.3.6 Where
sidewalk sections are indented to accommodate bus lay-bys, width of the
remaining sidewalk section shall be at least 2 m and sufficient to accommodate
foot travel.
Schedule 6 - Minimum width of roadside sidewalk by type
of urban road
Type of urban road
Roadside sidewalk width, m
1. Urban-level
road, urban road adjacent to entrance to shopping malls, markets, cultural
centers, etc.
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2. Regional-level
road
4,5 (3,0)
3. Urban
internal road
3,0 (2,0)
NOTE: Values
contained in brackets shall apply to circumstances where construction
conditions are difficult.
2.2.3.3.7 Traffic capacity of a pedestrian lane is specified under Schedule 7.
Schedule
7 - Traffic capacity of a pedestrian lane
Foot travel conditions
Traffic capacity, person/h
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700
2. Stores
and houses are distant from sidewalk
800
3. Sidewalk
in vegetation strip
1 000
4. Scenic
route
600
5. Crosswalk
1 200
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Lateral gradient
of sidewalk shall be at least 1 % and at most 3 %.
2.2.3.3.9 Curb
- Top of curb
shall be at least 12,5 cm and at most 30 cm above carriageway; top of curb
shall be at least 30 cm above carriageway in respect of medians and traffic
islands;
- Slant curbs of
a height ranging from 5 cm to 8 cm shall be used turns leading to residential
areas;
- Curb height on
internal roads, renovated and upgraded roads may be reduced to a minimum of 8
cm when taking to account elevation of existing residential areas.
2.2.3.3.10 Sidewalks
shall accommodate accessibility of persons with disabilities in accordance with
QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.2.3.4 Footpath
(on sidewalk)
2.2.3.4.1 Minimum
number of pedestrian lanes, width of lane, and width of footpaths are specified
under Schedule 3.
2.2.3.4.2 Lateral
gradient of footpaths shall be at least 1 % and at most 3 %.
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NOTE: Values
contained in brackets only apply in limited conditions where number of crossing
pedestrians is insignificant.
2.2.3.4.4 Where
safe crossing of pedestrians on level grounds via means of traffic lights
cannot be implemented, overpasses or underpasses shall be built to accommodate
pedestrian crossing where traffic density exceeds 2 000 equivalent cars/h and
pedestrian density exceeds 100 people/h (during rush hours).
2.2.3.4.5 Width
of pedestrian overpasses and underpasses shall depend on calculated pedestrian
density during rush hours and shall be greater than 3 m.
2.2.3.4.6 Footpaths
shall accommodate accessibility of persons with disabilities in accordance with
QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.2.3.4.7 Footpaths
shall meet aesthetic requirements and be designed to increase connectivity of
pedestrians with destinations or public transportation hubs.
2.2.3.5 Bicycle paths
2.2.3.5.1 Bicycle
paths are paths serving bicycle traffic which may be designed as stand-alone
bicycle paths intended to be used solely by cyclists (possibly shared with
pedestrians and other non-motorized vehicles) or as sections on carriageways of
urban roads serving bicycle traffic.
2.2.3.5.2 Bicycle
lanes shall meet criteria regarding geometry, level, and lateral gradient
similar to that of adjacent carriageways.
2.2.3.5.3 Independent
bicycle paths shall meet geometry criteria that are at least equivalent to
those of urban roads rated for design speed of 20 km/h.
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2.2.3.5.5 Minimum
number of bicycle lanes, width of a bicycle lane, and width of bicycle paths
are specified under Schedule 3. Where density of bicycle traffic is low,
minimum width of bicycle paths shall be 2,5 m. Where specialized vehicles
periodically use bicycle paths or bicycle paths are shared with pedestrians or
other non-motorized vehicles, minimum width of bicycle paths shall be 4,0 m.
2.2.3.5.6 Where
design speed of urban roads is equal to or greater than 80 km/h, medians shall
be required to separate roads for motorized vehicles and roads for bicycles.
2.2.3.5.7 Bicycle
paths shall meet aesthetic requirements.
2.2 Junction
2.3.1 Junction
arrangement
2.3.1.1 Arrangement
of junctions consisting of urban roads is specified under Schedule 8.
2.3.1.2 The
type of junction depends on traffic arrangement specified under Schedule 8
while takes into account land use conditions, investment possibility, and
upgrade, renovation possibility.
2.3.1.3 Level
crossing of urban roads
2.3.1.3.1 Minimum
angle of crossing shall be 60 o.
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2.3.1.3.3 Crossings
shall be located outside the vicinity of railway stations, railway tunnels, and
railway station signal posts.
2.3.1.3.4 Traffic
safety measures shall be in place at crossings. Where safety at crossing is not
guaranteed, grade-separated crossing shall be required.
Schedule
8 - Type of junctions in special urban areas and level I urban areas
Types of urban roads
Urban expressway
Arterial roads, urban collector roads, inter-regional
roads
Regional-level road
Internal road
Urban expressway
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Grade-separated
Grade-separated
Grade-separated and disconnected
Arterial roads,
urban collector roads, inter-regional roads
Grade-separated
Grade-separated or at-grade with signal lights
At-grade with signal lights or grade-separated
Grade-separated
Regional-level road
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At-grade with
signal lights or grade-separated
At-grade with
signal lights or grade-separated
At-grade
Internal road
Grade-separated and disconnected
Grade-separated
At-grade
At-grade
NOTE
1: Grade-separated junctions may or may not include connection routes
depending on traffic arrangement.
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2.3.2 Requirements of at-grade junction
2.3.2.1 General
requirements
2.3.2.1.1 Minimum
angle created by roads leading to junctions shall be 60 o.
2.3.2.1.2 Junctions
shall be located on straightaway. Where junctions must be located on curves,
curve radius shall be greater than the regular minimum radius.
2.3.2.1.3 Junctions
shall be situated on roads where longitudinal gradient does not exceed 4 %. Where
this requirement cannot be fulfilled, design solutions shall be taken in order
to maintain traffic safety.
2.3.2.1.4 Junctions
shall not be located immediately after summit-type vertical curve where
visibility of vehicles entering the junctions is limited.
2.3.2.1.5 Rainwater
drainage system appropriate to the design precipitation frequency shall be
incorporated in junctions.
2.3.2.2 Visibility
2.3.2.2.1 Vehicle
operators on all roads entering the junctions shall have clear sight of the
junctions and road signs relevant to the junctions from a stipulated distance
according to applicable junction design.
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2.3.2.2.3 Where
calculated visibility cannot be guaranteed, speed control measures shall be
taken.
2.3.2.3 Design speed
of at-grade junctions
2.3.2.3.1 In
respect of straightaway, design speed shall match that of respective road
sections outside of junctions However, in special circumstances, it is
permissible to consider reduction in design speed as long as measures are taken
to ensure traffic safety of the junctions.
2.3.2.3.2 Where
roads turn either left or right, design speed depends on spatial conditions and
traffic conditions but in all circumstances:
- Where roads
turn right, design speed shall not exceeds 0,6 times the design speed of road
sections outside of the junctions; where roads turn left, design speed shall
not exceed 0,4 times the design speed of road sections outside of the junctions
and shall not exceed 25 km/h;
- In all
circumstances, minimum design speed of all turning roads (either left or right)
shall be 15 km/h.
2.3.2.4 Curb radius
2.3.2.4.1 In
respect of new design, curb radius in junctions shall conform to QCVN
01:2021/BXD.
2.3.2.4.2 In
respect of renovated urban areas, curve radius of junctions may be reduced
where applicable to a minimum of 5 m.
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2.3.2.5 Traffic
island
2.3.2.5.1 Traffic
island is a structure intended to remove excess area between turning lanes,
define turning lanes, stabilize conflict areas, create dedicated turning lane,
create merging lanes, serve as refuge island, and accommodate traffic control
equipment.
2.3.2.5.2 Traffic
islands shall be positioned in a way that is convenient for priority traffic
and facilitate coherent traffic arrangement.
2.3.2.5.3 Shapes
of islands shall conform to vehicle motion in the turns.
2.3.2.5.4 Minimum
dimensions of a side of a traffic island shall be 2 m to serve as refuge for
cyclists and pedestrians.
2.3.2.5.4 Traffic
islands shall be visible regardless of time of day.
2.3.2.6 Speed-change
lane
2.3.2.6.1 Speed-change
lane shall be situated where vehicles turn left or right.
2.3.2.6.2 A
speed-change lane is called an acceleration lane through which vehicles enter a
higher speed road from a lower speed road; a deceleration lane through which
vehicles enter a lower speed road from a higher speed road.
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2.3.3 Grade-separated
junctions
2.3.3.1 Grade-separated
shall be selected via technical economic analysis. Type of junctions shall
conform to Schedule 8.
2.3.3.2 Technical
regulations on turns of grade-separated junctions depend on design speed of
turns; minimum radius, superelevation gradient, length of transition,
cross-sectional dimension, maximum gradient of turns shall conform to limits
set forth under Schedule 1.
2.4 Square
2.4.1 Squares
shall be divided in 3 categories by functions: Central square, public structure
square, and transportation square.
2.4.1.1 Central
squares refer to spaces in front of urban architectures where meetings, ceremonies,
holiday parades, etc. are held.
2.4.1.2 Public
structure squares refer to spaces in front of major public structures of urban
areas (stadiums, cultural hubs, theaters, galleries, and other public structures),
possibly acting as hubs of arterial roads or adjacent to arterial roads.
2.4.1.3 Transportation
squares refer to spaces in front of transportation works such as bridges,
tunnels, stations, airports, waterports, large-scale junctions.
2.4.2 Squares
shall be designed appropriate to functionalities and characteristics of each
category and meet urban design requirements, scenery architecture regulations
of the area. Traffic in square vicinity must be simple, coherent, and
fast-moving.
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2.5 Road base
2.5.1 Urban
road base shall be designed for the entirety of road width, including
carriageways, medians, sidewalks, and trees and within property line.
2.5.2 Design
elevation of urban road base shall guarantee minimum elevation of construction
planning, urban planning, ensure drainage of urban roads appropriate to
precipitation frequency in construction design, and facilitate convenient
traffic from urban roads to roadside residential areas.
2.5.3 Road
base shall meet stability and strength requirements to withstand vehicles,
impact of natural factors, meet scenic, ecology, and environmental requirements
of each region according to technical regulations applicable to road base.
2.5.4 Investigations
shall be carried out to determined the highest inundation level on both sides
of fill slope, duration of inundation in the most unfavorable season, the
highest groundwater level below cut slope and fill slope for the purpose of
forecasting humidity (the most unfavorable humidity) within area affected by
road base and select design solutions so as to limit infiltration of humid
sources and implement rapid drainage for layers of pavements, reinforce the
bottom layer of pavements to prevent groundwater from permeating pavements.
2.5.5 Where
area of hill or mountain slopes leading down to major roads or where height of
fill slope is equal to or greater than 12 m.
2.5.51 Elevated
gutters shall be required to prevent water from flowing over roads, direct
water to drainage works, rivers, roadside ponds, and keep water out of roadside
gutters.
2.5.5.2 Where
risks of slope barrier collapse or slip are present, elevated gutters in form
of concrete or stones to facilitate rapid drainage, prevent ground seepage, and
keep roadside slopes dry.
2.5.6 Where
height of cut and fill slopes leading to and from road bases exceeds 12 m,
calculation shall be made to prevent slope failure.
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2.6 Pavement
structures
2.5.1 Carriageways,
speed-change lanes, safety lanes, breakdown lanes, squares, and parking lots
shall be layered with pavements.
2.6.2 Pavement
structure shall be appropriate to traffic flow rate, traffic compositions, road
level, use characteristics of works, and urban hygiene requirements. Pavement
structures shall have sufficient strength, stability, shall not produce dusts,
shall meet level, grip, drainage requirements in accordance with technical
regulations on pavement design.
2.7 In
respect of specialized carriageways accommodating transportation to industrial
parks, factories, storage facilities, ports (vehicle composition includes
heavy-duty vehicles, hauling units, container trucks):
- Maximum longitudinal gradient shall be 4 %;
- Maximum
superelevation gradient shall be 6 %;
- Minimum
horizontal curve radius where multiple trailer-trucks shall be determined
depending on vehicles with the largest dimensions;
- Solutions for
damping noise (walls, tree strips, etc.) and reducing environmental pollution
shall be required where specialized roads cross densely populated areas.
2.8 Works serving
public transportation
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2.8.1.1 Bus
network and number of buses shall be determined under scheme for general urban
planning.
2.8.1.2 Minimum
length of a bus line shall be 5 km.
2.8.1.3 Public
transportation that utilizes urban railways with moderate to high passenger
transportation capacity shall, as a result of large investment and complicated
construction process, be studied from regional planning and provincial planning
phases.
2.8.1.4 Construction
of public transportation networks shall be considered in a comprehensive
manner, incorporate support for infrastructures, accommodate safe, convenient
access to multimodal services of the network, and facilitate easy access from
other public transportation modes and individuals.
2.8.1.5 Accessibility
to public transportation for persons with disabilities shall be guaranteed in accordance
with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.8.2 Bus stop
2.8.2.1 Bus
stops shall not be located on curves with a radius smaller than the regular
minimum radius of horizontal curve or road sections with poor visibility.
2.8.2.2 Minimum
distance between two bus stops on the same traffic direction shall be 300 m. A
bus stop shall not be placed opposite from another bus stop where medians are
not installed.
2.8.2.3 Bus
stop design shall be friendly for persons with disabilities and accessible,
convenient, and safe for pedestrians.
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2.8.3.1 It
is recommended to incorporate bus terminals with urban coach stations or
terminals of other public transportation such as rapid buses, urban trams to
increase connectivity and reduce costs.
2.8.3.2 The
following functions shall be integrated in bus terminals in parts or in whole:
bus parking lots, connected parking lots, walkways within parking lots, waiting
terminals, ticket booths and checks, departments responsible for safety,
security, scenery, and other amenities.
2.8.3.3 Design
speed of buses in bus terminals shall be less than design speed of roads
turning into the bus terminals and generally below 20 km/h.
2.8.3.4 Width
and area of bus parking lots shall vary depending on parking arrangement (45°,
60°, 90°). Width of a parking space shall be 3 m which include width of a bus
and empty spaces on both sides. Minimum right-turning radius of buses in
parking lots shall be 15 m. Entrance to bus terminals shall be at least 7,5 m
in respect of two-lane roads and 15 m in respect of four-lane roads.
2.8.4 Rapid bus road
and lane
2.8.4.1 Roads
for rapid buses shall be arranged in form of: separate lanes along medians;
separate lanes along sidewalks; separate routes.
2.8.4.2 Separate
lanes for rapid buses shall be required for all circumstances and shall be
physically separated from lanes used by other vehicles on urban roads.
2.8.4.3 Rapid
buses shall be prioritized in junctions via automatic system for signaling and
controlling other intersecting traffic.
2.8.4.4 Minimum
width of a rapid bus lane shall be 3,5 m; minimum width of safety separators
shall be 0,5 m.
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2.8.5.1 Maximum
distance between two stops on a rapid bus line shall be 500 m.
2.8.5.2 Minimum
distance from a stop to a junction shall be 30 m from the edge of crosswalk to
the rear of rapid bus at the nearest stop (where the stop is placed after the
junction) or from stop line to the front of rapid bus at the nearest stop
(where the stop is placed before the junction).
2.8.5.3 Minimum
length of rapid bus stop shall be 23 m.
2.8.5.4 Design
of waiting area in rapid bus stop shall ensure unobstructed vision from and to
the rapid bus stop. Passenger amenities such as seats with 6 to 8 seats at the
minimum in each bus stop; rapid bus line schedule in real time; map of rapid
bus system; map of other public transportations connected to the rapid bus
system; automatic ticketing system; security system.
2.8.5.5 Areas
where rapid bus stops are built shall utilize rigid pavement whose width equals
that of rapid bus road and length equals total length of stopping places and 30
m of reinforced pavement in both directions.
2.8.6 Transit
stations and terminal station of rapid bus system
2.8.6.1 Rapid
bus transition stations shall be design to incorporate other forms of public
transportation. Where independent transit stations are built, travel distance
between two modes of transport shall be less than 500 m.
2.8.6.2 Terminal
stations of rapid bus system shall ensure turning radius and number of parking
rapid buses in off-peak hours.
2.8.6.3 Public
service utilities and restrooms shall be required.
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2.8.7.1 Park-and-ride
facilities
2.8.7.1.1 Refer
to parking lots that connect personal vehicles such as bicycles, motorcycles,
automobiles with public transportation such as buses, rapid buses, urban trams
to improve service of urban public transportation network.
2.8.7.1.2 Park-and-ride
facilities shall be prioritized for integration in public parking lots, bus
terminals, rapid bus terminals, and urban railway stations.
2.8.7.1.3 Areas
of park-and-ride facilities include: parking lots for personal vehicles, access
to public transportation, traffic amenities such as direction signs,
information panels, lighting and sanitary fixtures.
2.8.7.1.4 Maximum
walking distance from the furthest point in a park-and-ride facility to
gateways leading to public transportation shall be 500 m.
2.8.7.2 Connected
passenger pick-up and drop-off points
2.8.7.2.1 Refer
to areas designed to accommodate passenger pick-up/drop-off in public
transportation such as bus stations, rapid bus stations, urban railway
stations, airports, water ports, etc. It is especially effective where
passenger transport services such as taxi are incorporated.
2.8.7.2.2 It
is recommended to design in form of a separate one-way straightaway or curve
lane in order to maximum length and minimize occupied area, ensure coherent
traffic, and avoid congestion.
2.8.7.2.3 Direct
connection to entrance and exit of terminals and station shall be required to
allow passengers to meet drivers as fast as possible. Maximum walking distance
from entrance of terminal and station to connected passenger pick-up and
drop-off points shall be 500 m.
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2.9.1 Traffic
safety on and under bridges shall be guaranteed.
2.9.2 Location
and architecture of bridges shall conform to construction planning, urban
planning, and urban design approved by competent authority.
2.9.3 Road
surfaces on bridges shall have grip, gradient, camber, superelevation, etc.
conforming to selected and applied standards.
2.9.4 Abutments
shall be protected against collision caused by vehicles and watercrafts
travelling below the bridge.
2.9.5 In
respect of bridges that cross a river or a sea, the minimum vertical clearance
from the highest water level (design water level) to the lowest point of span
elements shall be 0,5 m (where drifting trees are possible, this minimum value
shall be 1 m); to support of bearing pads shall be 0, 25 m; and shall be
sufficient for navigation of water crafts with appropriate dimensional limits
depending on river category in accordance with waterway traffic laws.
2.9.6 In respect of overpass
2.9.6.1 Minimum
vertical clearance from the tallest position of carriageways shall be 5 m in
case of expressways, 4,75 m in case of urban roads and regional roads, and 4,50
m in case of internal roads.
2.9.6.2 Where
paths intended to be used by cyclists and pedestrians are physically separated
from carriageways of automobiles, the minimum vertical clearance shall be 2,5
m.
2.9.7 Where
urban roads cross railways and/or tramways, vertical clearance shall conform to
dimensional limits of railway and tramways.
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2.9.9 Bridges
that are designed to accommodate pedestrians shall also accommodate
accessibility for persons with disabilities in accordance with QCVN
10:2014/BXD.
2.9.10 Pedestrian
paths on bridges shall be at least 0,3 m higher than the carriageways. Minimum
height of guardrails on bridges shall be 1 070 mm.
2.9.11 Drainage
system on bridges shall facilitate rapid collection of rainwater in drainage
pipes and transmission to rainwater drainage system of urban areas.
2.9.11.1 Lateral
gradient (on non-superelevation sections) shall be 2 %.
2.9.11.2 Minimum
cross sectional area of drainage pipes shall be 1,0 cm2/1 m2
of bridge surface.
2.9.11.3 Minimum
clear diameter of drainage pipes shall be 150 mm.
2.9.11.4 Manholes
for drainage purposes shall be outfitted with covers and garbage grates.
2.9.11.5 Where
roads are located below bridges, gutters and drainage pipes directing water
away from the roads.
2.9.12 Bridge
structures shall be able to withstand all types of load and the most
disadvantageous load combinations throughout structure useful life.
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2.10 Underground urban transportation works
2.10.1 Requirements of underground urban
transportation works
2.10.11 Underground
urban transportation works shall ensure reasonable, efficient, and effective
land use; ensure reasonable and synchronous connectivity with underground works
and connection between underground transportation works and above-ground works;
meet traffic safety and environmentally friendly requirements; meet safety
requirements for adjacent above-ground works.
2.10.1.2 Underground
urban transportation works shall be prioritized in city centers, areas with
limited land fund for transportation, or junctions with large traffic density
and regularly prone to congestion.
2.10.1.3 Construction
of underground urban transportation works shall rely on geography and
geomorphology characteristics; location of existing above-ground works, network
of underground technical infrastructures; geology and hydrogeology conditions.
2.10.2 Construction space of urban tunnels
2.10.2.1 Design
and construction of tunnels in urban areas shall utilize underground space in
an efficient and economically-technically effective.
2.10.2.2 Dimensions
of the tunnel shall retain dimensional limits of roads while facilitate future
expansion, installation of auxiliary equipment and underpass operating and
maintenance system.
2.10.2.3 In
respect of urban pedestrian underpasses, underpass spaces shall be considered
for integration with other functions. Accessibility for persons with
disabilities shall be required in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
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2.10.3 Regulations on geometric design of
urban tunnels
2.10.3.1 Tunnel
layout shall conform to 2.2.1 and limits under Schedule 1 regarding visibility
and minimum radius of horizontal curve.
2.10.3.2 Longitudinal
section of tunnels shall adhere to 2.2.2 and limits under Schedule 1 regarding
minimum radius of horizontal curve, minimum length of change in grade line
slope, minimum radius of summit-type vertical curve and valley-type vertical
curve, minimum length of vertical curve, minimum longitudinal gradient for
natural drainage of roadside gutters.
2.10.3.3 Cross section of tunnel
2.10.3.3.1 Cross
section of tunnels shall adhere to 2.2.3 and regulations on minimum dimensions
under Schedule 3 regarding number of carriageways, width of a lane, width of
medians, and Schedule 5 regarding lateral gradient of carriageways.
2.10.3.3.2 Cross-sectional
dimensions in tunnels shall be determined so as to guarantee traffic flow rate
appropriate to design road level and placement of ventilation, lighting,
emergency aid, and signaling fixtures.
2.10.4 Requirements for auxiliary system in
tunnels
2.10.4.1 Emergency exit system
2.10.4.1.1 Urban
tunnels that are equal to or greater than 500 m in length, emergency exit
tunnels shall be required.
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2.10.4.1.3 Lateral
tunnels connecting main tunnels and emergency exit tunnels shall be at most 400
m in length for pedestrians and 1 600 m for automobiles.
2.10.4.2 Emergency stops in tunnels
A minimum of one
emergency stop shall be required for every 400 m of carriageway in each
direction.
2.10.5 Fire safety
Tunnels shall
meet fire safety requirements in accordance with regulations on fire prevention
and firefighting and other relevant law provisions.
2.10.6. Ventilation system
2.10.6.1 Ventilation
shall maintain the content of noxious gases below values under Schedule 9.
Schedule
9 - Maximum content of noxious gases
Gas
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1. Carbon
Oxides (CO)
0,020
2. Dinitrogen
pentoxide (N2O5)
0,005
3. Sulfur
dioxide (SO2)
0,020
4. Hydrogen
sulfide (H2S)
0,010
5. Methane
(CH4)
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6. Carbonic
(CO2)
5,000
2.10.6.2 Where
natural ventilation of a tunnel does not fulfill noxious gas content
requirements, mechanical ventilation shall be required.
2.10.6.3 Smoke
volume that obstructs visibility and emission shall be controlled to adhere to
transportation works construction laws.
2.10.7. Lighting system
Lighting system
shall be required in tunnels to maintain coherent traffic and safety for
vehicles and people. Lighting system of tunnels shall adhere to QCVN
07-7:2023/BXD.
2.10.8 Communication, signaling system, and
signs
Communication,
signally system and signs shall be required in tunnels to maintain safety for
people and vehicles. Technical requirements of such systems shall conform to
selected and applied standards.
2.10.9 Water supply and drainage system
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2.10.9.2 Water
drainage system shall be able to fully drain surface runoff and water used for
tunnel cleaning. Water drainage system in tunnels shall conform to QCVN
07-2:2023/BXD.
2.10.9.3 Water
supply system shall provide sufficient flow rate and pressure to meet use,
industrial sanitation, and firefighting demands in tunnels.
2.11 Traffic supervision stations
2.11.1 Refer
to works collecting traffic data to serve research and design of effective and
synchronous traffic control management system while satisfy national and local
traffic data demands.
2.11.2 Traffic
supervision equipment shall be located at specific locations on roads or
junctions (especially junctions with large traffic capacity and frequent
congestions). These positions usually represent characteristics of specific
routes. Collected data under this Point shall be extrapolated for the entire
roads.
2.11.3 Traffic
supervision equipment shall be integrated in smart traffic system of urban
areas, assist in improving management and operation of city traffic.
2.11.4 Video
surveillance system or traffic CCTV system consists of a camera or cameras, a
computer for digitalizing and analyzing images, a software for processing
images and converting images to traffic data.
2.11.5 Location
of traffic cameras shall be selected based on coverage and maintenance demands.
2.11.6 Traffic
supervision stations are affiliated to a traffic management coordination center
which uses technology to control traffic network, supervise traffic signal,
deploy traffic management strategies to reduce congestion, and coordinate other
traffic managing entities during special events, emergencies, or daily traffic.
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2.12 Maintenance
2.12.1 Maintenance
of traffic works shall conform to regulations, standards on road works selected
and applied by competent authority.
2.12.2 Transportation
works shall be regularly, periodically, and irregularly inspected throughout
use in order to facilitate maintenance and guarantee design functionalities.
2.12.3 Where
transportation works show sign of damage, danger, or loss of safety in
operation and/or use, quality inspection shall be required to produce
evaluation regarding quality and causes of damage in order to develop timely
maintenance and repair plans.
2.12.4 Maintenance
of transportation roadworks shall conform to annual plans and approved
maintenance procedures.
2.12.5 Promote
application of new technologies and materials to improve effectiveness,
efficiency of maintenance costs, application of science technology in regular
quality monitoring and inspection in transportation works.
3 ORGANIZING
IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment
projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere
to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved;
individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
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3.2 Local
construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this
Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building
design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for
publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for
relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this
Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department,
Ministry of Construction.
QCVN 07-5:2023/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
SYSTEM - ELECTRICITY SUPPLY WORKS
1 GENERAL
PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
This Regulation
prescribes technical requirements and mandatory management requirements in
investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of electricity supply works.
Provisions under
this document apply to electricity supply works, including power stations,
transmission and distribution substation, transmission and distribution grid.
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This Regulation
applies to all organizations and individuals engaging in operations related to
investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of electricity supply works.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference
documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If
reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD,
National Construction Regulations on Construction Planning;
QCVN 02:2022/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Physical Natural and Climatic data for
Construction;
QCVN
07-3:2023/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure
System - Trench and Tunnel Works;
QCVN QTD QTD-5:2009/BCT,
National technical regulation on electrical engineering. Volume 5: National
Technical Codes for Testing, Acceptance Test for Power Facility;
QCVN QTD QTD-6:2009/BCT,
National technical regulation on electrical engineering. Volume 6: Operating
and Maintenance Power system facilities;
QCVN QTD QTD-7:2009/BCT,
National technical regulation on electrical engineering. Volume 7:
Installation Power Network;
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QCVN 01:2020/BCT,
National technical regulation on Electric safety.
1.4 Definitions
In the Regulation,
the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Electrical station
Refers to an
element in electricity supply system and can be a supply station, an electrical
substation, a switching station, or reactive power compensation station.
1.4.2
Electrical transmission and distribution
grid
Refers to
above-ground or underground electrical wires with voltage ranging from 0,4 kV
to 500 kV, providing electricity to households and residential areas in
tunnels, public structures, manufacturing facilities, mining facilities,
transportation works, parks - tree parks, public lighting.
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Electrical system
Refers to a
combination of elements of power plants, electrical stations, and electrical
grids continuously connected throughout electricity production, transformation,
and distribution process.
1.4.4
Electricity supply works
Refers to
elements of electrical system that provide electricity to households,
residential areas, public structures, manufacturing facilities, mining
facilities, transportation works, parks - tree parks, and public lighting
works.
2 TECHNICAL
PROVISIONS
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 Investment
and construction of electricity supply works shall adhere to planning approved
by competent authority and meet requirements defined under QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.1.2 Construction
elements such as buildings, doors, pillars, girders of electricity supply
system shall meet stability and integrity requirements under load and natural
conditions throughout useful life of the works. Data on natural conditions used
in construction shall conform to QCVN 02:2022/BXD.
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2.1.4 Electrical grid
Technical
requirements for electrical distribution and transmission grid shall adhere to
Regulation on Electrical Equipment.
2.1.5 Transmission substation and
distribution substation
2.1.5.1 Electrical
substations of 500 kV and 220 kV shall be planned for in the outskirts. Where
such electrical substations must be built in cities, they must not be built in
city centers and be accompanied by adequate safety perimeters for installation
of incoming and outgoing feeder bays in the substations.
2.1.5.2 Electrical
substations of 110 kV and 220 kV located inside level II to special urban areas
shall be placed indoors. In respect of small and confined spaces, it is advised
to use enclosed or semi-enclosed GIS stations.
2.1.5.3 Distribution
substations in cities can be placed either indoors or outdoors depending on
actual scales.
2.1.5.4 Medium-voltage
and low-voltage lines of Incoming and outgoing feeder bays of (indoors and
outdoors) distribution substations in cities shall utilize underground cables. Incoming
and outgoing feeder bays should not be located along arterial roads and planned
transportation route such as urban railways.
2.1.6 Line accessories
2.1.6.1 In respect
of electrical grids of at least medium voltage, their lines shall have
technical specifications conforming to those of regional and national
electrical grids.
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2.1.6.3 Electric
cables leading to residential areas and underground works shall be placed
underground and compliant with QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD.
2.1.6.4 Where
minimum voltage is 110 kV, underground cables shall be contained in trench or
tunnel works and compliant with Regulations on Electrical Equipment and QCVN
07-3:2023/BXD.
2.1.6.5 Cables
of medium-voltage and low-voltage network in cities shall be underground
cables. Underground cable markers made of ceramic and indicating voltage values
shall be required along underground cable lines.
2.1.6.6 Underground
medium-voltage and low-voltage cables in cities shall be placed underground,
contained in trench or tunnel works, and compliant with QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD and
Regulations on Electrical Equipment.
2.1.6.7 Warning
signs shall be required where overhead high-voltage transmission lines,
underground cables intersect railways, roads, inland waterways.
2.1.6.8 Where
underground cables are placed underground, contained in other works, or sharing
the same direction as other technical infrastructures, or intersecting other
technical infrastructures, separation distance under Regulation on Electrical
Equipment must be guaranteed. Separation distance between electricity supply
lines and other technical infrastructure lines must be fulfilled in accordance
with QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.1.6.9 Electrical
wires and cables of varying voltage values shall, upon being placed on the same
brackets in tunnel works, be physically separated or 50 mm away from one
another.
2.1.6.10 Overhead
lines shall meet vertical clearance requirements according to applicable laws.
2.1.6.11 Poles,
pole foundation, pole stay wires, girders, ceramics, meter boxes, distribution
panels of overhead lines:
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- Pole stay wire,
girders, ceramics, meter boxes, and distribution panels shall meet technical
requirements in accordance with applicable electricity laws;
- Channels and
connectors of underground cables shall meet technical requirements as per
applicable electricity laws.
2.1.7 Electricity meter
2.1.7.1 Instruments
for measuring active power and reactive power shall be required in electrical
substations, transmission and distribution lines delivering electricity to
households.
2.1.7.2 Electricity
measuring instruments shall conform to technical requirements regarding
metrology and be inspected, sealed as per the law.
2.1.7.3 Electricity
measuring instruments shall be installed in management areas of the buyers,
unless otherwise agreed upon.
2.2 Electricity engineering and safety
requirements
2.2.1 Electricity
engineering safety and supply requirements of electricity supply works shall
adhere to QCVN QTD-5:2009/BCT, QCVN QTD-6:2009/BCT, QCVN QTD-7:2009/BCT, QCVN
QTD-8:2010/BCT, and QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.2 Automatic protection
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2.2.2.2 Automatic
protection devices shall be reliable, capable of fulfilling working modes of
electrical equipment, fast, sensitive, accurate within permissible tolerance,
and compliant with other relevant applicable regulations.
2.2.2.3 It
is permissible to utilize fuses or circuit breakers to protect electrical
equipment and low-voltage electrical grid from overloading and short circuit.
High-voltage fuses and circuit breakers shall only be used to protect lines and
transformers of a voltage of 110 kV or lower. Circuit breakers of a minimum
voltage of 22 kV shall be integrated with monitoring and remote control
functions. Protective relays shall be required to protect important elements of
electrical system of a voltage of 110 kV or lower such as transformers,
busbars, and loads serving type I and type II households.
2.2.2.4 Reclosers
shall be required where active electricity supply experiences short
interruption; devices for automatically activation of back-up supply shall be
required where electric grid experiences blackout. These devices shall support
remote monitoring and control functions and be compliant with applicable
regulations.
NOTE: Type I and
type II households are defined under Regulation on Electrical Equipment.
2.2.3 Grounding system of electricity
supply works
2.2.3.1 Electrical
equipment connected to directly earthed neutral medium-voltage grids shall be
safely grounded. Grounding resistance shall meet requirement defined under
Regulation on Electrical Equipment. In respect of isolation terre
medium-voltage electrical network, connectors shall adhere to specialized
regulations of the industry (if any).
2.2.3.2 Neutral
on low-voltage side of distribution transformers shall be directly and
repeatedly grounded. Grounding requirements and grounding resistance shall meet
requirements.
2.2.3.3 Casing
of low-voltage electrical equipment shall be safely grounded and appropriate to
protective equipment. Grounding resistance shall meet requirements defined
under Regulation Electrical Equipment.
2.2.4 Lightning protection system
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2.2.4.2 Lightning
protection and grounding equipment, system of transmission and distribution
grids shall meet requirements defined under applicable laws. All metal elements
in the works shall be connected to grounding system for lightning protection.
2.2.4.3 Where
cables intersect each other or are close to one another, metal belts and cases
of said cables and conductive cases of equipment in the works shall be
connected to grounding system.
2.2.4.4 Transmission
lines with a voltage below 1 kV shall be contained in insulated cables. Cable
boxes of electrical substations shall be outfitted with low-voltage lightning
protective devices. Metal belts and cases of cable ends that are connected to
the works shall be connected to grounding elements of low-voltage lightning
protective devices.
2.2.5 Electricity supply system safety
2.2.5.1 Safety
must be guaranteed in installation, connection, and operation.
2.2.5.2 Protective
mesh, partitions and hanging safety warning signs shall be installed for each
type of equipment. Separation distance from protective mesh, partitions to
equipment shall be maintained and not be lower than distance determined by
technical characteristics and protection requirements of each equipment type.
2.2.5.3 Signs
indicating location of electric cables shall be placed on the ground or
markers, centerlines of trench or tunnel works in a way that is visible and
allows identification of cable direction from all positions; signs shall be
mandatory where there is change in direction; two adjacent signs shall be at
most 30 m away from one another.
2.2.5.4 Where
combustible substances are present, all electrical equipment and systems shall
be designed and installed in accordance with fire safety laws. Only specialized
fire safety and firefighting equipment compliant with applicable laws shall be
used in electricity supply works.
2.2.5.5 Internal
electrical substations, power stations, electrical equipment, high-voltage and
medium-voltage and low-voltage lines shall be installed and managed in a manner
compliant with requirements and applicable laws.
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2.2.6 Fire safety
Electricity
supply works shall be outfitted with on-site and remote emergency shutdown
plans for regions and households when necessary to maintain safety for
firefighting and rescue efforts while maintaining continuous electricity supply
for outdoor lighting, indoor firefighting and rescue facilities in case of
fire.
2.3 Maintenance
Electricity
supply works and work items shall be periodically maintained or replaced throughout
useful life in order to perform design functionalities.
3 ORGANIZING
IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment
projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere
to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved;
individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment
construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall
conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local
construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this
Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building
design and construction.
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QCVN 07-6:2023/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM -
PETROLEUM AND GAS SUPPLY WORKS
1 GENERAL
PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
This Regulation
prescribes technical requirements and mandatory management requirements in
investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of petroleum and gas supply
works.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation
applies to organizations and individuals related to investment, construction,
renovation, and operation of petroleum and gas supply works.
1.3 Reference documents
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QCVN 01:2021/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN 02:2022/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Physical Natural and Climatic data for
Construction;
QCVN
29:2010/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Effluent of Petroleum
Terminal and Stations;
QCVN 01:2020/BCT,
National Technical Regulation on Design Requirements of Petroleum Stations;
QCVN 02:2020/BCT,
National Technical Regulation on Safety of Liquefied Petroleum Tanks;
QCVN 10:2012/BCT,
National Technical Regulation on Safety for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Filling
Plants;
QCVN 01:2019/BCA,
National Technical Regulation on Firefighting and Fire Suppression System
for Gas Storage.
1.4 Definitions
In the
Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
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Petroleum
station
Where petroleum
retail is implemented via pumps to road and waterway vehicles. Petroleum
stations may also accommodate sale of bottled liquefied petroleum gas,
lubricants, and utility services for traffic participants and vehicles.
1.4.2
Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Refers to a
hydrocarbon product of petroleum origin where primary components are propane (C3H8)
or butane (C4H10) or a mixture of both, is abbreviated as
LPG. At normal temperature and pressure, these hydrocarbons stay in gas form;
when compressed to a defined pressure or cooled to an appropriate temperature,
these hydrocarbons will change to liquid form.
1.4.3
Compressed
Natural Gas (CNG)
Refers to a
hydrocarbon product in gas form and compressed at a high pressure where primary
component is methane (CH4).
1.4.4
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Refers to a
hydrocarbon product in liquid form, of a natural gas origin where primary
component is methane (CH4) and is abbreviated as LNG; at normal
temperature and pressure, LNG stays in gas form and when cooled to a definite
temperature, LNG changes to liquid form.
1.4.5
Gas cylinder
Refers to a
movable storage unit of LPG (with a volume below 150 L), CNG, LNG with a low
volume.
1.4.6
Gas tank
Refers to a
stationary storage unit for flammable gases (LPG, CNG, LNG).
1.4.7
Fuel tank (LPG, CNG, LNG) on transportation
(LPG, CNG, LNG tank truck)
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1.4.8
Maximum
permissible working pressure
Refers to the
highest pressure at which a tank or equipment can sustain without failure.
…………..........
1.4.14
Acceptable risk
Refers to an
acceptable level of risks in respect to protected entities.
2 TECHNICAL
PROVISIONS
2.1 General requirements
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2.1.2 Data
selected as the basis for designing petroleum and gas supply works shall be up
to date, taking into account climate change forecast and demand outlook during
project operation, and compliant with QCVN 02:2022/BXD.
2.1.3 Structure
and materials of petroleum and gas supply works shall meet load-bearing
capacity, stability, and fire safety requirements throughout their useful life
under the effect of load, natural conditions, and operation process. Data on
natural conditions shall conform to QCVN 02:2022/BXD.
2.2 Petroleum station
2.2.1 Location
of petroleum station shall conform to QCVN 01:2021/BXD, QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.2 Technologies
and equipment in petroleum stations shall conform to QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.3 Petroleum
stations shall meet general requirements regarding fire safety and be outfitted
with firefighting plans approved by competent authority.
2.2.4 Petroleum
stations shall be adequately outfitted with initial firefighting equipment as
per the law. Placement of stationary firefighting equipment shall conform to
QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.5 Buildings of petroleum stations
2.2.5.1 Separation
distance of buildings of petroleum stations to other work items, fire
resistance categories of structures of point-of-sale and other work items shall
conform to QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
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2.2.5.3 Where
petrol stations also accommodate sale of bottled LPG within the stations,
safety regulations must be adhered to.
2.2.6 Petroleum tank
2.2.6.1 Location,
separation distance, and materials of tanks shall conform to QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.6.2 Petroleum
tanks must not be above-ground.
2.2.7 Water supply and drainage system of
petroleum stations
2.2.7.1 Petroleum
stations shall be provided with adequate water for domestic and firefighting
purposes. Water sources and supply pipes shall conform to QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.7.2 Oil-contaminated
wastewater of petroleum stations shall be collected in a manner compliant with
QCVN 01:2020/BCT and treated in a manner compliant with QCVN 29:2010/BTNMT.
2.2.7.3 Oil-contaminated
tools and wastes shall be segregated, stored, collected, delivered, and treated
in accordance with hazardous waste management laws.
2.2.8 Petroleum
stations outfitted with charging stations for electric vehicles shall adhere to
regulations on danger zoning under QCVN 01:2020/BCT and relevant electricity
safety regulations.
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2.3.1 Urban gas supply demand
Urban gas supply
system shall continuously satisfy demand and pressure of users in normal
operating conditions and during peak hours considering specific demand type
(residential, commercial, industrial) and future development demand.
2.3.2 Regulation on design of gas
distribution system from outside of gas supply works to structures using gas
2.3.2.1 Gas
distribution pipes start from the boundary outside of gas supply works to the
exterior of structures using gas and do not include pipes inside buildings or
works using gas. Working pressure of distribution pipes shall not exceed 7 bar.
Other pipes and works along gas supply works that have working pressure above 7
bar shall adhere to applicable regulations on Safety of Petroleum Works on
Land.
2.3.2.2 Distribution
systems may be designed for pressure categories below:
- Low pressure
where pressure is less than or equal to 0,1 bar;
- Moderate
pressure where pressure is greater than 0,1 bar and less than or equal to 2
bar;
- Moderate-high
pressure where pressure is greater than 2 bar and less than or equal to 7 bar.
2.3.2.3 Regulations on design of gas supply
network
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2.3.2.3.2 Gas
supply system shall be divided into zones and sections that can be isolated
from one another by gauge valves and standby valves so that an area can be
isolated while constant supply to other areas is maintained where an area must
be suspended for repair, inspection, or fire safety purposes.
2.3.2 Gas
supply stations shall be categorized by the type of gas involved:
- LPG supply
station;
- CNG supply
station;
- CNG supply
station;
- Depressurization
station (where supply is provided by high-pressure gas pipelines).
2.3.4 Separation
distance from gas supply stations to protected entities shall adhere to
relevant field-specific regulations appropriate to the type of gas storage.
Regardless of situation, placement of gas supply station requires approval of
firefighting police department in accordance with the Law on Fire Prevention
and Firefighting departments.
2.3.5 LPG supply station
2.3.5.1 Storage
by cylinders: LPG supply stations that utilize cylinders shall meet
requirements applicable to LPG supply stations with cylinder storage system
under QCVN 10:2012/BCT.
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2.3.5.3 Regulations
on separation distance of LPG supply stations to protected entities shall
adhere to QCVN 10:2012/BCT.
2.3.6 CNG supply station
2.3.6.1 CNG
supply stations shall meet separation distance to protected entities under
field-specific regulations depending on storage capacity. Regardless of
situation, CNG tanks shall be at least 15 m away from footpaths, at least 25 m
away from civil buildings, at least 50 m away from important public structures.
2.3.6.2 CNG
supply stations shall accommodate isolated areas to allow CNG tank trucks to
park and resupply CNG. Isolated areas accommodated to CNG tank trucks shall be
easy to access while maintaining safety for people and other work items in the
stations.
2.3.6.3 CNG supply stations that utilize
stationary cylinders for storage
2.3.6.3.1 Where
multiple adjacent storage clusters are used, minimum distance between storage
clusters shall be 2 m; where vertically stacked CNG cylinder clusters are used,
the cylinder clusters shall be limited to a maximum space of 1,1 m in width,
5,5 m in length, and 1,6 m in height; where horizontally stacked cylinder
clusters are used, the cylinder clusters shall be limited to a maximum space of
1,8 m in height, 7 m in length, and width of that of a cylinder up to 2 m.
2.3.6.3.2 Cylinders
shall be arranged in the same direction to allow easy access.
2.3.6.3.3 Where
horizontally stacked cylinder clusters are parallel to one another, cylinder
accessories shall be arranged in a way that they are not interfering with
accessories of other cylinders.
2.3.6.3.4 Minimum
separation distance between horizontally stacked cylinders in a cluster shall
be 30 mm.
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2.3.7 LNG supply station
2.3.7.1 Arrangement
of building premise, technology equipment, other work items and parts shall accommodate
operation, security and safety monitoring, supervision, maintenance, and
incident handling within LNG storage. Buildings, equipment, work items, and
other parts shall be arranged in a manner dependent on prevailing wind
direction in the area and sources of sparks.
2.3.7.2 Location
of LNG supply stations shall maintain separation distance to protected entities
and be compliant with Schedule 1.
Schedule 1 - Minimum separation distance from LNG tanks
to protected entities and between tanks
Tank volume, V (m3)
Separation distance from outer edge of overflowing
barrier of tanks to protected entities, m
Separation distance between tanks m
Underground tank
Above ground tank
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Above ground tank
V ≤ 0,5
4,6
0
4,6
0
0,5 <
V ≤ 1
4,6
3,0
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1.0
1 < V ≤ 1,9
4,6
4,6
4,6
1,0
1,9 < V < 3,8
4,6
4,6
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1,5
3,8 ≤ V < 7,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
1.5
7,6 ≤ V < 68,1
4,6
7,6
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1,5
68,1 ≤ V < 114
7,6
15,0
4,6
1,5
114 ≤ V < 265
12,2
23,0
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1/4 the sum of
diameter of two adjacent tanks and not lower than 1,5 m
265 ≤ V < 379
12,2
30,5
4,6
379 ≤ V < 454
20,0
38,0
4,6
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30,5
61,0
4,6
757 ≤ V ≤ 4 000
45,7
91,4
4,6
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0,7 times the tank
diameter and not lower than 30 m
4,6
2.3.8
Depressurization station (where supply is delivered through high-pressure
gas pipeline)
2.3.8.1 Design
pressure of system before depressurization stations shall be greater than or
equal to maximum operating pressure of the system before depressurization
stations. Design pressure of system after depressurization stations shall be
greater than or equal to maximum operating pressure of the system after depressurization
stations.
2.3.8.2 Factories
and equipment shall be arranged in a way that guarantee safe separation,
inspection, maintenance, and testing. Systems shall be adequately outfitted
with gauge valves, purge valves, and discharge outlets to depressurize the
system or carry out inspection where needed.
2.3.8.3 Safety
system shall be required to protect equipment on low-pressure side in the event
where depressurizing equipment is not functioning.
2.3.8.4 The
system must meet reliability and functionality requirements, including
requirements regarding operation safety, connection to temporary supply system
to maintain constant supply, possibility of defects and backup of equipment.
2.3.8.5 Possibility
of gas discharge via operation control system to the environment must be
minimized. Gas outlets must be located in clear area that meets regulations on
separation distance to power, communication lines and sources of sparks.
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2.3.9.1 General
provisions:
- Land fun
planning and allocation shall be required for gas supply stations and gas
distribution pipelines depending on urban demands;
- Gas
transmission pipelines with a maximum working pressure above 7 bar must not be
planned to travel through centers of urban areas;
- Planning for
gas distribution pipelines shall take into account shared placement in trench
or tunnel works;
- Where maximum
working pressure of a pipeline is equal to or lower than 7 bar, velocity of gas
moving in the pipeline must not exceed 30 m/s;
- Gas
transmission pipes shall be placed underground; above-ground pipe placement is
only allowed to cross water bodies or other man-made structures. Underground
steel pipes must be protected from corrosion. Underground gas transmission pipe
segments that cross roads on which motorized vehicles operate shall be
contained in protective casings;
- Pipeline
structures must be able to withstand load imposed by pressure of contained gas,
pipe weight, accessory weight, ground pressure, water pressure, load of trains,
automobiles, buoyancy, other primary loads; temperature change, ground
vibration or earthquake, impact of waves, tides, load imposed by other work
items onto pipelines and stresses caused by other loads;
- Posts and
markers signifying pressure and contact phone number shall be installed along
underground gas transmission pipes.
2.3.9.2 Underground pipes in urban areas
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2.3.9.2.2 Where
underground pipes are placed below footpaths, the minimum spacing from the
topmost point of pipes to footpath surface shall be 0,6 m.
2.3.9.2.3 Where
underground pipes are placed below roads or intersecting with roads on which
motorized vehicles operate, the minimum distance from the topmost point of
pipes to road surface shall be 0,8 m.
2.3.9.2.4 Where
the required depth of pipe placement is not met, extra protection measures
shall be taken in form of placing pipes in casings or other external protective
structures.
2.3.9.2.5 Underground
gas pipes shall be at least 0,3 m away from domestic water supply pipes,
electricity pipes, and communication pipes.
2.3.9.3 Pipes parallel to railroad
2.3.9.3.1 Minimum
separation distance from the outermost point of pipes to the centerline of
railroad shall be 4 m.
2.3.9.3.2 The
separation distance requirement above is not mandatory where railroads are
adjacent to roads if:
- The pipes are
located where they are not affected by train load;
- The pipes are
protected by appropriate protective structures to minimize the effect caused by
train load;
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2.3.9.4 Pipes intersecting with railroad
2.3.9.4.1 Gas
supply pipes can be placed underground or on overpass for the purpose of
intersecting railroad.
2.3.9.4.2 Minimum
separation distance from the topmost point of pipe segments protected by
casings to railroads shall be 1,7 m.
2.3.9.5 Pipes crossing rivers
2.3.9.5.1 For
the purpose of crossing rivers, pipes can be placed on bridges. Where placement
of pipes on bridges is in possible, pipes can be placed below bridges in a
manner that minimum separation distance from the outermost point of pipes to
depth of river bed shall be 4 m. the aforementioned separation distance shall
be at least 2,5 m where pipes cross waterways.
2.3.9.5.2 Where
pipes cross rivers or waterways, the pipes must be placed in casings or
appropriate protective structures depending on gas pressure and protected from
destruction caused by buoyancy of casings/protective structures or anchoring of
watercrafts.
2.3.9.6 Pipes
installed in the same space as other technical infrastructures must adhere to
QCVN 7-3:2023/BXD and relevant field-specific regulations.
2.4 Electricity supply and lightning
protection system
2.4.1 Electricity supply
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2.4.1.2 Mini
generators are allowed as backup power supply. Exhausts of generators must be
outfitted with spark arrestor and insulated coatings.
2.4.1.3 Electric
cables installed in petroleum and gas stations shall meet fire safety
requirements appropriate to fire risk zoning; electric cables must not be
placed in the same trenches where petroleum and gas transmission pipes are installed.
2.4.1.4 Grounding
system of petroleum and gas stations shall have maximum grounding resistance of
4 Ω. All metal non-charged components of electrical equipment and pump columns
shall be connected to safe grounding system.
2.4.2 Lightning protection
2.4.2 Tank
clusters shall be protected against direct lightning strikes. Where breather
valves are installed at a defined elevation and beyond coverage of lightning
protection of adjacent works, breather valves shall be protected from direct
lightning strikes by equipotentially connected lightning arresters where
lightning rods are at least 5 m away from breather valves.
2.4.2.2 Other
work items of petroleum and gas stations must also be protected by direct
lightning strike protection system.
2.4.2.3 Maximum
grounding resistance of direct lightning strike protection system shall be 10
Ω.
2.4.2.4 Where
petroleum and gas are transferred to tanks, cylinders in petroleum and gas
stations, grounding and station protection shall be provided for all equipment
involved in the transfer process.
2.4.2.5 For
the purpose of protection against lightning-induced surge and static, grounding
system shall be outfitted with protection against lightning-induced surge and
static. Grounding resistance of said system shall not exceed 10 Ω.
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2.4.2.7 Grounding
system shall be at least 5 m away from direct lightning strike protection
system.
2.4.2.8 Where
safe grounding system is connected to direct lightning strike system, grounding
resistance shall not exceed 1 Ω.
2.5 Maintenance
Petroleum and gas
supply works and work items shall be periodically maintained or replaced throughout
useful life in order to perform design functionalities.
3 ORGANIZING
IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment
projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere
to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved;
individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment
construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform
to this Regulation.
3.2 Local
construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this
Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building
design and construction.
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QCVN 07-7:2023/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
SYSTEM - LIGHTING WORKS
1 GENERAL
PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This
Regulation prescribes technical requirements and management requirements that
must be adhered to in investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of
lighting works of urban roads, tunnels, underpasses, conflict areas, roads in
residential areas, parkways, gardens, passenger pick-up and drop-off points in
stations, ports, coach stations, outdoor parking lots.
1.1.2 Provisions
under this Regulation do not apply to: roads in industrial parks; total
lighting for squares, stations, airports; indoor and outdoor sports yards.
1.1.3 Equipment
of lighting works include: electrical substations, lamp poles, wires, control
cabinets, and other lighting works not regulated by this document.
1.2 Regulated entities
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1.3 Reference documents
Reference
documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If
reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 02:2022/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Physical Natural and Climatic data for
Construction.
1.4 Definitions
In the
Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Emergency lighting
Refers to
lighting that is maintained during an emergency, such as failure of electricity
supply.
1.4.2
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Refers to a ratio
of luminous flux of a light source transmitting in a solid angle containing a
given direction (α direction) to function of the solid angle.
1.4.3
Luminance
Refers to a ratio
of luminous intensity emitted from a point on the surface of a light source (or
secondary light source) to area projected perpendicular to the direction of
observation.
1.4.4
Average road
surface luminance
Refers to the
average luminance calculated on road surface.
1.4.5
Overall
luminance uniformity
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1.4.6
Longitudinal
luminance uniformity
Refers to a ratio
of minimum luminance (Lmin) to maximum luminance (Lmax)
along the length of road surface.
1.4.7
Illuminance
Refers to a ratio
of luminous flux of the light falling toward a surface to area of the surface.
1.4.8
Illuminance
uniformity of the road surface
Refers to a ratio
of minimum illuminance (Emin) to average illuminance (Etb)
of road surface.
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Vertical
hemicylindrical illuminance or hemicylindrical illuminance
Refers to the
average illuminance on the surface of a vertical semicylinder. In respect of
footpaths, vertical illuminance is measured at a height of 1,5 m from the
surface.
1.4.10
Average
illuminance of the road surface
Refers to the
average illuminance calculated on road surface.
1.4.11
Threshold
increment
Refers to
percentage increase in contrast required between an object and its background
for the object to be seen equally well with a source of glare present.
1.4.12
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Refers to traffic
consisting solely of motorized vehicles (automobiles, motorbikes).
1.4.13
Mixed traffic
Refers to traffic
consisting of motorized vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists.
1.4.14
Luminous
efficacy
Refers to a ratio
of luminous flux emitted by a light source to electrical power consumed by the
source.
1.4.15
Stopping
distance
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1.4.16
Discomfort
glare
Refers to glare
that causes discomfort without necessarily impairing the vision of objects due
to appearance of high brightness in field of view.
1.4.17
Traffic flow
Refers to number
of vehicles passing a specific position in a single direction in a selected
hour.
1.4.18
Luminous flux
Refers to a
measure of the total amount of light a light source puts out.
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Visual adaptation
Refers to a
change in light sensitivity or perception of the human eyes when moving in
spaces with varying luminance. Light adaptation occurs when moving to places
with higher luminance. Dark adaptation occurs when moving to places with lower
luminance.
1.4.20
Speed limit
Refers to maximum
speed allowed on a definite road segments.
1.4.21
Design speed
Refers to speed
selected for a specific purpose when designing a road.
1.4.22
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Refers to a ratio
of average illuminance on sidewalks (up to 5m in width) to average illuminance
of neighboring lanes.
1.4.23
Conflict area
Refer to an area
where flows of motorized vehicles intersect (junctions) or an area where
motorized vehicles meet pedestrians, cyclists, or other road users (squares,
public playgrounds in urban areas).
1.5 Symbol
Iα
luminous
intensity, cd
L
luminance, cd/m2
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average road surface luminance, cd/m2
Uo
overall luminance uniformity
Ud
longitudinal luminance uniformity
Uo(E)
illuminance uniformity of the road surface
E
illuminance, lx
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vertical hemicylindrical illuminance or
hemicylindrical illuminance, lx
En
average
illuminance of the road surface, lx
TI
threshold increment, %
Φ
luminous flux,
lm
SD
stopping
distance, m
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surround
illuminance ratio
2 TECHNICAL
PROVISIONS
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 Lighting
works shall conform to approved construction planning, urban planning, urban or
residential design; ensure safety for traffic and security in urban and
residential areas, convenient in management and operation of lighting works,
fire safety and efficient energy consumption.
2.1.2 Equipment
and materials used in lighting works shall meet quantitative and qualitative
standard parameters defined in regulations depending on subjects of lighting.
2.1.3 Lighting
works shall meet strength, stability, and safety requirements throughout useful
life under the effect of natural conditions in accordance with QCVN
02:2022/BXD.
2.2 Road
lighting for motorized vehicles at night
2.2.1 Road
lighting requirements
2.2.1.1 Road
lighting must reveal all characteristics of roads and traffic and enable
vehicle operators to visually perceive information from constantly changing
scenery and safety operate vehicles at design speed.
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2.2.2 Criteria
of road lighting system
2.2.2.1 Lighting
requirements for roads for motorized vehicles are specified under Schedule 1.
Schedule
1 - Lighting requirements for road types for motorized vehicles
Road level
Properties
Average luminance (Ltb), cd/m2
Overall luminance uniformity (Uo)
Longitudinal luminance uniformity (Ud)
Maximum threshold increment (TI), %
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A. Urban expressway
High speed, high
traffic flow, no non-motorized vehicles
2,0
0,4
0,7
10
0,5
B. Arterial roads,
urban collector roads, inter-regional roads
With medians
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0,4
0,7
10
0,5
Without medians
2,0
0,4
0,7
10
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C. Regional roads
accompanied by mercantile activities
With medians
1,0
0,4
0,6
15
0,5
Without medians
1,5
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0,6
15
0,5
D. Regional-level
roads
Lighting conditions
on sidewalks:
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- light
0,7
0,3
0,4
20
0,5
- dark
0,5
0,3
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20
0,5
E. Internal roads
0,3
0,3
0,4
20
0,5
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2.3 Tunnel
lighting for motorized vehicles and mixed traffic
2.3.1 Lighting for tunnels of varying
lengths
2.3.1.1 Lighting
demands for long and short tunnels are different and dependent on whether
vehicle operators can see tunnel exits through the tunnels from tunnel access
zones.
2.3.1.2 Artificial
lighting during daytime is not required where tunnels are shorter than 25 m in
length.
2.3.1.3 Lighting
during daytime equivalent to 50 % of the lighting at tunnel threshold zone (see
2.3.4.2) shall be required where tunnels are 25 m to 75 m in length.
2.3.1.4 Artificial
lighting during daytime shall always be required where tunnels are greater than
75 m in length. Requirements for daytime lighting of tunnels are specified
under 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 2.3.4.
2.3.2 Classification of daytime lighting in
tunnels
Daytime lighting
demands in tunnels are classified into 4 levels dependent on traffic
characteristics (only motorized vehicles or mixed traffic) and traffic flow in
Schedule 2. Traffic flow is determined by number of vehicles per hour per lane
during rush hours and is categorized into high, moderate, or low according to
Schedule 3.
Schedule 2 -
Daytime lighting levels in tunnels
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Traffic flow
High
Moderate
Low
Mixed traffic
Motorized vehicle traffic
Mixed traffic
Motorized vehicle traffic
Mixed traffic
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1
x
2
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x
x
3
x
x
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4
x
NOTE: The symbol (x) indicates lighting
level corresponding to traffic characteristics and flow.
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Traffic flow level
Vehicle/hour 1)
One-lane road
Two-lane road
High
> 1 500
> 400
Moderate
≥ 500; ≤ 1 500
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Low
< 500
< 100
1)
Number of vehicles per hour per lane in rush hours.
NOTE: Where lanes
on a road are not physically separated, number of vehicles per hour per lane
can be determined by dividing number of vehicles during rush hours by total
number of lanes. Where actual traffic distribution of a direction on two-way
roads cannot be defined, it is possible to assume the worst situation where
the direction with more traffic accounts for two-thirds of the total traffic
flow. The traffic flow is then divided by number of lanes in these roads.
2.3.3 Zoning for daytime lighting in
tunnels
2.3.3.1 To
better suit visual adaptation of vehicle operators while driving in tunnels,
lighting system in tunnels is divided into 6 zones with different lighting
demands consisting of 4 zones in tunnels and 2 zones outside of tunnels (Figure
1).
Figure
1 - Six lighting zones in tunnels
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Schedule 4 -
Stopping distance (SD) by design speed
Design speed, km/h
Stopping distance, m
120
215
100
160
85
120
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90
60
70
50
50
NOTE 1: Design
speed means speed that is in effect while the tunnel is used normally. In
respect of irregular situation, such as congestion, design speed does not
apply.
NOTE 2: Where
design speed is below 50 km/h, SD equals 50 m.
2.3.3.3 Tunnel
threshold zone refers to the first tunnel segment after entering the tunnel and
equals stopping distance in length. Length of other zones in a tunnel shall be
determined depending in luminance requirements under 2.3.4.3 and 2.3.4.4.
2.3.4 Luminance requirements of tunnel
zones during daytime
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2.3.4.1 Luminance of tunnel access zones (L20)
Luminance of
tunnel access zones must be measured during the time of the year in which it is
at the highest and in a field of view in cone shape with 20o of apex
angle originating from vehicle operator’s eyes while the operator is looking at
the center of tunnel entrance at the beginning of tunnel access zone.
2.3.4.2
Luminance of tunnel threshold zone (LCV)
2.3.4.2.1 Luminance
of tunnel entrance shall be reasonably proportionate to luminance of tunnel
access zone in order to match visual adaptation of vehicle operators passing
through tunnel entrance and determined by luminance of tunnel access zone and
by using formula (1).
LCV = k x L20
(1)
in which: k is
determined by 2.3.4.2.2.
2.3.4.2.2 Value
of k conforms to Schedule 5 depending on lighting level in tunnels and speed
limit of traffic in tunnels.
Schedule
5 - Value of k depending on lighting level in tunnels and speed limit of traffic
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k corresponding to speed limit, km/h
50 ÷
70
80 ÷
100
110 ÷
120
4
0,05
0,06
0,10
3
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0,05
0,07
2
0,03
0,04
0,05
1
0,02
0,03
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NOTE: If speed
limit is below 50 km/h, value of k is determined by speed limit of (50 ÷ 70)
km/h
2.3.4.2.3 Luminance
of tunnel threshold zone shall be maintained during daytime throughout a length
equal to 0,5 SD from tunnel entrance as depicted in Figure 2. From a distance
equal to half of SD, luminance will reduce in a linear fashion to the value at
the end of tunnel threshold zone which is 0,4 LCV. Reduction of
luminance in the later half of tunnel threshold zone can be done in steps. However,
luminance must not be lower than values corresponding to the curve in Figure 2.
2.3.4.3 Luminance of transition zone (LCT)
Light will
gradually reduce from the beginning of transition zone to the interior zone in
a manner that matches dark adaptation of humans. Average road surface luminance
at any point in transition zone shall not be lower than luminance in Figure 2.
NOTE: Transition zone immediately follows tunnel threshold
zone.
LEGEND
1) 50% the length
of tunnel threshold zone equal to 0,5 SD
2) Entirety of
length of tunnel threshold zone equal to SD
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Figure 2 - Luminance distribution curve on road surface
of threshold zone and transition zone
2.3.4.4 Luminance
(LTR) and luminance uniformity (Uo and Ud) of
interior zone.
2.3.4.4.1 Average
value of road surface luminance in interior zone must not be lower than values
under Schedule 6 corresponding to lighting level of tunnels and speed limit of
traffic.
Schedule
6 - Road surface luminance in interior zone (LTR)
Lighting level in tunnel
Average luminace, cd/m2 by speed
limit, km/h
50 ÷ 70
80 ÷ 100
110 ÷ 120
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3
6
10
3
2
4
6
2
1,5
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4
1
-
0,5
1,5
NOTE: If speed
limit is below 50 km/h, value of LTR is determined by speed limit
of (50 ÷ 70) km/h
2.3.4.4.2 Luminance
uniformity of tunnel interior zone (Uo and Ud) must not
be lower than values in Schedule 7 corresponding to lighting level of tunnels.
Schedule
7 - Luminance uniformity of road surface in tunnel interior zone
Tunnel lighting level
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Longitudinal uniformity, Ud
4
≥ 0,4
≥ 0,7
3
≥ 0,4
≥ 0,6
2
≥ 0,4
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1
-
-
2.3.4.4.3 Overall
luminance uniformity (Uo) must be calculated for the entire width of road in
the direction of traffic and emergency lanes (if any).
2.3.4.4.4 Longitudinal
luminance uniformity (Ud) must be calculated for each lane,
including emergency lane.
2.3.4.5
Luminance of exit zone (LCR)
At the exit zone,
visual adaptation to higher luminance (light adaptation) occurs at a rapid pace
thus additional lighting is not required.
2.3.4.6 Lighting demands for walls of
tunnels
2.3.4.6.1 In
respect of tunnels with lighting level 4, average luminance of tunnel walls at
a height of 2 m or lower must not be lower than average road surface luminance
at the same position.
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2.3.4.6.3 In
respect of tunnels with lighting level 1, luminance requirement for tunnel wall
is not imposed. However, average illuminance requirement of tunnel walls at a
height of 2 m or lower must not be lower than 25 % of the average road surface illuminance
at the same position.
2.3.5 Required luminance in tunnels at
nighttime
During nighttime,
lighting conditions are the same inside and outside of tunnels; the required
lighting in tunnels during nighttime is lower than that during nighttime and
all zones must be equally lit. Road surface luminance during nighttime in
tunnels must at least equal luminance of tunnel access in Schedule 1.
2.4 Lighting for outdoor footpaths and
bicycle paths
2.4.1 Lighting
for footpaths and bicycle paths shall take into account speed, flow,
characteristics of the paths in different positions in urban areas or
residential areas.
2.4.2 Required
lighting is depends on average and minimum road surface illuminance (En,tb
and En,min) and hemicylindrical illuminance (Ebt) under
Schedule 8.
Schedule 8 - Required lighting for footpaths and bicycle
paths
Road type
Road surface illuminance, lx
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Average, En,tb
Minimum, En,min
1. Mercantile
street with mixed traffic
- Special
urban areas and type I and type II urban areas
25
10
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- Type
III, type IV, and type V urban areas
20
8
8
2. Mercantile
street for foot travel
- Special
urban areas and type I and type II urban areas
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5
5
- Type
III, type IV, and type V urban areas
10
3
4
3. Footpaths
and bicycle paths in parks, gardens, other areas with crowd density:
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- High
(> 6 people/10 m2 of road surface)
15
5
5
- Average
(3 ÷ 6 people/10 m2 of road surface)
8
4
3
- Low
(≤ 2 people/10 m2 of road surface)
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2
2
4. Stairs
and overpasses
40
20
10
2.5 Tunnel lighting for pedestrians and
cyclists
2.5.1 Tunnels
for pedestrians and cyclists shall have separate lighting regulations for
daytime and nighttime.
2.5.2 Required
lighting is depends on average and minimum road surface illuminance (En,tb
and En,min) and hemicylindrical illuminance (Ebt) under
Schedule 9.
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Daytime
Nighttime
En,tb, lx
En,min, lx
Ebt, lx
En,tb, lx
En,min, lx
Ebt, lx
100
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25
40
20
10
2.6 Lighting in conflict areas
2.6.1 Conflict
areas under this regulation where lighting is required include junctions,
walkways in squares, and public playgrounds in urban areas.
2.6.2 Lighting
requirements include criteria regarding luminance, illuminance of road surface,
uniformity of illuminance and hemicylindrical illuminance depending on road level
under Schedule 1.
2.6.3 Luminance
of conflict areas must be one level higher (0,5 cd/m2 more) than the
highest luminance of roads leading to the conflict areas.
2.6.4 Illuminance
of conflict areas is determined by average road surface illuminance (En,tb),
illuminance uniformity, Uo(E) and hemicylindrical (Ebt)
under Schedule 10.
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Schedule
10 - Required road surface illuminance in conflict areas
Location of conflict area by road level
Average illuminance (En,tb), lx
Illuminance uniformity, Uo(E)
Hemicylindrical luminance (Ebt), lx
- Road
of level A
- Road
of level B
- Road
of level C
30
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10
- Road
of level D
- Road
of level E
20
0,4
5
2.7 Lighting for roads near
airports and railway crossings
2.7.1 Lighting
in areas close to airports must not be mistaken as take-off and landing signals
of airports.
2.7.2 Lighting at railway crossings
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2.7.2.2 Vertical
illuminance must be adequate to enable identification of signs according to
Schedule 10. Color of traffic lights must not be mistaken as that of railway
signals.
2.7.2.3 Within
30 m to both sides of crossings, luminance and luminance uniformity of road
surface must be 10 % higher than those of adjacent road surfaces according to
Schedule 1.
2.8 Lighting of parkways and gardens
2.8.1 Lighting
in parkways and gardens must serve urban security and safety and crime
prevention.
2.8.2 Footpaths
and bicycle paths in parks and gardens must receive lighting with average road
surface illuminance (En,tb), minimum road surface illuminance (En),
and hemicylindrical illuminance (Ebt) under Schedule 8 depending on
people density.
2.9 Lighting for station platforms, ports,
coach stations, and outdoor parking lots
Lighting for
station platforms, ports, and coach stations shall be provided with average and
minimum illuminance on road surface (En) and hemicylindrical
illuminance (Ebt) to ensure passenger safety and security in
accordance with Schedule 11.
Schedule 11 - Lighting requirements in station
platforms, ports, coach stations, and outdoor parking lots
Lighting subjects
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Hemicylindrical luminance (Ebt), lx
Average
Minimum
1. Inside
of urban areas
30
10
10
2. Outside
of urban areas
20
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2.10 Lighting for subway stations and
elevated tram stations
Lighting
requirements where passengers wait and board trains depend on average and
minimum horizontal surface illuminance for both daytime and nighttime when
station building is closed or open to daylight according to Schedule 12.
Schedule
12 - Average and minimum horizontal surface illuminance in tram stations
Characteristics of station building
Daytime
Nighttime
En,tb, lx
En,min, lx
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En,min, lx
1. Open
to daylight
-
-
50
30
2. Closed
200
100
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50
2.11 Energy effectiveness and environment
Lights must have high
luminous efficacy and bear energy rating label as per the law. Lighting fixtures
that use solar power or wind power are recommended.
2.12 Maintenance
Lighting works
and work items must be periodically maintained throughout use period in order
to perform design functionalities.
3 ORGANIZING
IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment
projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere
to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved;
individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment
construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall
conform to this Regulation.
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3.3 Ministry
of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on
application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise
during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical
Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
QCVN 07-8:2023/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
SYSTEM - TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS
1 GENERAL
PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
This Regulation
prescribes technical requirements and mandatory management requirements in
investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of telecommunication works.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation
applies to organizations and individuals relevant to investment, construction,
renovation, and upgrade of telecommunication works.
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Reference
documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If
reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 02:2022/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Physical Natural and Climatic data for
Construction;
QCVN 06:2022/BXD,
National Technical Regulations - Fire safety for buildings and structures;
Amendment 1:2023
of QCVN 06:2022/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Fire Safety of
Buildings and Constructions;
QCVN
07-3:2023/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure
System - Trench and Tunnel Works;
QCVN
08:2010/BTTTT, National Technical Regulation on Electromagnetic Exposure
from Public Land Mobile Base Stations;
QCVN
09:2016/BTTTT, National Technical Regulation on Earthling for
Telecommunications Stations;
QCVN
32:2020/BTTTT, National Technical Regulations on Lightning Protection for
Telecommunication Stations and Outside Cable Network;
QCVN
33:2019/BTTTT, National Technical Regulation on Installation of outside
telecommunication cable network;
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1.4
Definitions
In the
Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Cable jointing
chamber
Refers to an
underground chamber serving installation of cables, storage of sleeves, and
cable reserve.
1.4.2
Telecommunication
works
Refer to
structures consisting of passive telecommunication infrastructures (building,
station, mast, duct, chamber) and network equipment installed thereto.
1.4.3
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Refers to pipe
segments connected to one another and buried underground to protect and carry
cables.
1.4.4
Antenna mast
Refers to a pole
structure built to accommodate antennae for transmission and reception of radio
frequency (not including antennae for radio and television signal reception of
households).
1.4.5
Trench
Refers to an
underground line works with small dimensions for installations of cables,
wires, and ducts.
1.4.6
Cable vault
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1.4.7
Cable manhole
Refers to a
chamber with smaller dimensions and without tapered top section and is usually
built on branching lines to accommodate connection to cable cabinets, cable
boxes, and subscribers.
1.4.8
Telecommunication station
Refers to a
building or a similar structure built to accommodate installation of
communication equipment.
1.4.9 Tunnel
Refers to an
underground line works with sufficiently large dimensions to allow humans to
perform installation, repair, and maintenance of equipment and pipelines.
2 TECHNICAL
PROVISIONS
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2.1.1 Telecommunication
works must adhere to planning approved by competent authority.
2.1.2 Tunnel
and trench works accommodating telecommunication network system must adhere to
QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD.
2.1.3 Distance
from ducts, chambers, manholes, vaults, trenches accommodating
telecommunication network to other underground works must meet requirements
under QCVN 33:2019/BTTTT.
2.1.4 Structure
and materials of telecommunication works must maintain sufficient strength and
stability throughout their useful life under the effect of natural conditions
and load applied. Natural data used in design and construction must adhere to
QCVN 02:2022/BXD.
2.1.5 Telecommunication
works must be identifiable as per applicable laws.
2.2 Telecommunication buildings and
stations
2.2.1 Telecommunication
buildings and stations must meet strength and stability requirements under applicable
laws.
2.2.2 Facility
and foundation structures must be calculated using the most unfavorable load
and load combinations, including prolonged destructive load.
2.2.3 Telecommunication
buildings and stations must have at least fire resistance category II in
accordance with QCVN 06:2022/BXD and Amendment 01:2023 of QCVN 06:2022/BXD.
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2.3 Antenna mast
2.3.1 Antenna
structures must be calculated using the most unfavorable load and load
combinations, including prolonged destructive load.
2.3.2 Height
of antenna masts must meet aviation safety requirements in accordance with
relevant laws.
2.3.3 Distance
and positioning between antenna masts shall adhere to passive telecommunication
planning of provinces and cities.
2.3.4 Antenna
masts on sidewalks, in parks, squares, playgrounds, areas with high
environmental and scenery requirements, etc. must be decorated (as trees, clock
towers) or integrated in multipurpose poles (lamp poles, advertising poles) in
a manner appropriate to scenery and environmentally friendly.
2.3.5 Signal
transmission and reception system installed on antenna masts must meet
electromagnetic exposure requirements under QCVN 08:2010/BTTTT, QCVN
78:2014/BTTTT.
2.3.6 Lightning
protection requirements must conform to QCVN 32:2020/BTTTT.
2.4 Cable chambers, ducts, vaults
2.4.1 Minimum
depth from surface of roads, sidewalks, medians to the topmost plastic pipe
must conform to QCVN 33:2019/BTTTT.
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2.4.3 Minimum
separation distance between adjacent plastic pipes must be 30 mm.
2.4.4 Chamber
covers must be at the same elevation as roads and sidewalks and safe for humans
and transportation.
2.5 Cable network in urban areas
2.5.1 The
design and construction of cable network in urban areas must accommodate
communication and television infrastructures.
2.5.2 Cable
network system must be undergrounding. Underground cable ducts, chambers,
vaults, manholes shall share infrastructures. A minimum of 2 cable feeder bays
entering urban areas and communication (telecommunication and television) cable
distribution panels must be installed and calculated to adequately provide
services.
2.5.3 Cable
networks must accommodate a minimum of 1 standby optic cable in each household
(cables are installed at standby position in living room with an excess of 3 m
or a minimum excess of 20 m at a convenient position in a dwelling unit), be
connected to panels, cabinets, boxes, technical rooms of apartment building
(and connected to internet service providers depending on use demand of the
household) in case of households in apartment buildings or connected to cable
cabinets, boxes of telecommunication enterprises in residential areas, urban
areas, and roads in case of households in new residential areas, urban areas.
2.5.4 Design
and installation of communication, telecommunication system must ensure safety
and convenience for use, connection with services of service providers,
facilitate replacement, repair, and separation distance to other technical
ducts.
2.6 Maintenance
2.6.1 Telecommunication
works and work items must be periodically maintained and repaired during useful
life in order to perform design functionalities.
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3 ORGANIZING
IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment
projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere
to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved;
individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment
construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall
conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local
construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this
Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building
design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of
Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on
application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise
during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical
Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
QCVN 07-9:2023/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
SYSTEM - SOLID WASTE COLLECTION, TREATMENT WORKS AND PUBLIC TOILET
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1.1 Scope
This Regulation
prescribes mandatory technical requirements and management requirements to be
met in investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of solid waste
collection, treatment works and public toilet.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation
applies to organizations and individuals relevant to investment, construction,
renovation, and upgrade of solid waste collection, treatment works and public
toilet.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference
documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If
reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 10:2014/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Construction for Accessibility for persons
with disabilities;
QCVN
07:2009/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Waste Limit;
QCVN
25:2009/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Wastewater of Solid Waste
Landfills;
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QCVN 01:2011/BYT,
National technical regulation on Hygienic conditions for Latrines.
1.4 Definitions
In the
Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Solid waste collection and treatment system
Refers to a
combination of works serving consolidation, transportation, recycling,
treatment, and burial of solid wastes.
1.4.2
Material
Recovery Facility (MRF)
Refers to a
stationary transfer station capable of receiving wastes, segregating,
retrieving recycled components of wastes, and transferring the remaining parts
to treatment areas or landfills.
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Municipal
solid waste transfer station
Refers to a
facility where municipal solid wastes are directly loaded onto oversized
vehicles or pressed by compressing equipment to be loaded on large vehicles or
into parcels for transportation to treatment areas or landfills.
1.4.4
Solid waste
treatment facility
Refers to a
combination of land, factory, technology line, equipment, and auxiliary works
serving solid waste treatment and recycling.
1.4.5
Concentrated
waste treatment site
Refers to an area
where concentrated treatment of waste type or types occurs, including municipal
solid wastes, regular industrial solid wastes, hazardous wastes, and other solid
wastes except for co-incineration of waste and grouping treatment of biomedical
wastes. Concentrated waste treatment sites can be waste treatment facility or
facilities, landfill or landfills.
1.4.6
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Refers to an area
that is planned, designed, and built in accordance with regulations and
functionalities in order to bury regular solid wastes. Landfills consist of
burial sites, buffer zones, and auxiliary works such as: wastewater treatment
stations, electricity and water supply stations, weighing stations,
coordinating offices, and other work items.
1.4.7
Hazardous
solid waste landfill
Refers to an area
planned, design, and built to bury hazardous wastes that are discarded or
preliminarily treated to fit burial purposes.
1.4.8
Public toilet
Refers to a
stationary or mobile work consisting at least a restroom and hand washing area.
2 TECHNICAL
PROVISIONS
2.1 General requirements
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2.1.2 Public
toilet must conform to planning approved by competent authority and general
scenery of the area. Where areas have special urban aesthetic value or limited
land fund, stationary transfer station for solid wastes and underground public
toilet are allowed.
2.1.3 Solid
waste treatment works and public toilets must meet quality requirements and
environmental protection requirements throughout useful life as per applicable
laws.
2.1.4 Location
of public toilets must facilitate septic tank emptying.
2.1.5 Traffic
system in solid waste treatment facilities must allow vehicles in treatment
sites to operate conveniently, turn around easily, avoid collision, reach
functioning areas in treatment facilities and meet fire safety requirements as
per the law.
2.1.6 Firefighting
and fire suppression system in solid waste transfer station, solid waste
treatment facilities, concentrated solid waste treatment sites must meet
regulations on fire safety for buildings and constructions.
2.1.7 Works
serving solid waste collection and treatment must adhere to lightning
protection requirements in accordance with applicable laws.
2.1.8 Work
items in solid waste treatment facilities, concentrated waste treatment sites
must be positioned in a way that meets functionality and safety requirements in
operation process.
2.2 Municipal solid waste transfer station
2.2.1 Transfer
stations in urban areas must accommodate waste reception areas with sufficient
space to allow vehicles to park and unload wastes. Reception areas must be
enclosed to minimize contamination, odors, and insects.
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2.2.3 New
stationary transfer stations in inner city of special urban areas and urban
areas of type I must be placed in central districts that allow subterranean or
semi-subterranean investment and construction of work items (compressing and
storage areas below basements, work platforms above-ground, etc.).
2.2.4 Stationary
transfer stations must have the following basic work items:
- Weighbridges;
- Technical infrastructures: roofs, walls, yards, internal
roads, vehicle washing areas, water supply, wastewater collection and
treatment; electricity supply, and other technical infrastructures.
- Segregation and storage areas for recycled materials;
- Storage areas for solid wastes, bulk wastes, hazardous
wastes (if any);
- Coordinating buildings, administrative buildings, and
other auxiliary works.
2.2.5 MRFs
must be incorporated with dust deodorizing and processing system.
2.2.6 Height
of stationary transfer stations must not be lower than that of the tallest
equipment. Minimum distance from the bottom of bridge crane to the top of
objects, equipment shall be 0,5 m.
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2.3 Solid waste treatment facilities
2.3.1 Land
use ratio in a solid waste treatment facility is determined under Schedule 1.
Schedule
1 - Land use area in solid waste treatment facility
Type - work item
Land percentage, %
1.
Solid waste recycling facility
100
1.1. Solid waste
storage + segregation area before recycling
≤ 30
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≤ 20
1.3. Coordinating
building and other auxiliary works
≤ 20
1.4. Traffic land
≥ 15
1.5. Tree land and
water surface
≥ 15
2.
Solid waste treatment facility utilizing biological technology
100
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≤ 60
2.2. Coordinating
building and other auxiliary works
≤ 15
2.3. Traffic land
≥ 10
2.4. Tree land and
water surface
≥ 15
3.
Solid waste incinerator
100
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≤ 50
3.2. Ash, slag
landfill
≤ 10
3.3. Coordinating
building and other auxiliary works
≤ 15
3.4. Traffic land
≥ 10
3.5. Tree land and
water surface
≥ 15
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100
4.1. Solid waste
burial spots
≤ 40
4.2. Garbage
leechate treatment areas.
≤ 15
4.3. Coordinating
building and other auxiliary works
≤ 15
4.4. Traffic land
≥ 10
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≥ 20
5.
Hazardous waste landfill
100
5.1. Solid waste
burial spots
≤ 40
5.2. Garbage
leechate treatment areas.
≤ 10
5.3. Coordinating
building and other auxiliary works
≤ 20
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≥ 15
5.5. Tree land and
water surface
≥ 15
6.
Concentrated solid waste treatment site
100
6.1. Functioning
works:
- Solid
waste recycling facility;
- Solid
waste treatment facility utilizing biological technology;
- Solid
waste incinerator;
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- Hazardous
waste landfill;
- Other
treatment facilities.
≤ 65
6.2. Coordinating
building and other auxiliary works
≤ 10
6.3. Traffic land
≥ 10
6.4. Tree land and
water surface
≥ 15
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NOTE 2: Buffer tree
strips are not required according to QCVN 01:2021/BXD between landfill
treatment facilities in concentrated solid waste treatment sites.
2.3.2 Selection
of solid waste treatment technologies shall rely on analysis of physical and
chemical components of solid wastes. Analysis data must be updated within a
year until the date on which investment project is produced.
2.3.3 Recycling
facilities in concentrated solid waste treatment sites must adhere to
regulations applicable to concentrated solid wastes treatment sites.
2.3.4 Solid waste treatment facility
utilizing biological technology
2.3.4.1 Scale
and capacity of solid waste treatment facilities utilizing biological
technology are determined by weight and percentage of organic components in
wastes.
2.3.4.2 Main
functioning areas include:
- Weighing stations: weighbridges, data processing
departments;
- Administrative buildings: office, storage, chemical
laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas;
- Treatment areas: Dry garbage storage, cutting, grinding,
segregating, mixing, fermenting, composting, packaging equipment, storage of
products retrieved or recycled from solid wastes;
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2.3.4.3 Land
use percentage in solid waste treatment facilities utilizing biological
technology is determined under Schedule 1.
2.3.5 Municipal solid waste and regular
solid waste incinerators
2.3.5.1 Scale
and capacity of solid waste incinerators are determined in continuous
incineration mode.
2.3.5.2 Solid
waste incinerators must be designed and operating on the basis of weight,
components, and nature of solid waste, compliant with requirements regarding
environmental protection and adaptability of incineration technology.
2.3.5.3 Main
functioning areas:
- Garbage weighing stations and reception areas. Garbage
weighing system must include weighbridges, data processing departments, transportation
mechanisms;
- Coordinating buildings: offices, storage, chemical
laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas, resting lounges;
- Areas where incinerator system and environmental
protection works are installed: smoke, dust processing facilities, ash and slag
storage;
- Ash and slag recycling areas;
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2.3.5.4 Number
of incinerators are calculated depending on scale, type of incinerators, and
technical level of operators and specified under Schedule 2.
Schedule 2 -
Classification of municipal solid waste, regular solid waste incinerators
Scale
Capacity, tonne/day
Number of regularly operating incinerators
Very large scale
> 1 000
≥ 3
Large scale
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≥ 2
Moderate scale
> 100; ≤ 500
≥ 1
Small scale
≥ 7,0; ≤ 100
≥ 1
2.3.5.5 Municipal
solid waste incinerators must meet requirements regarding the environment under
QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT.
2.3.5.6 Ashes
and slags produced by incineration of municipal solid waste and regular wastes
that meet requirements regarding environmental protection can be recycled,
solidified, and reused.
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2.3.6 Other
solid waste incinerators (hazardous biomedical wastes and hazardous
industrial wastes)
2.3.6.1 Solid
waste incinerators must be designed and operating on the basis of weight,
components, and nature of solid waste, compliant with requirements regarding
environmental protection and adaptability of incineration technology.
2.3.6.2 Main
functioning areas:
- Garbage weighing stations and reception areas. Garbage
weighing system must include weighbridges, data processing departments,
transportation mechanisms;
- Coordinating buildings: offices, storage, chemical
laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas, resting lounges;
- Areas where incinerator system and environmental
protection works are installed: smoke, dust processing facilities, ash and slag
storage;
- Ash and slag landfills;
- Technical infrastructures: gates, fences, roads, yards,
parking lots, wash racks, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment,
lighting, trees, water surface, scenery, vehicle maintenance facilities, other
technical infrastructures.
2.3.6.3 Requirements
for incinerators:
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- Ashes, slags, and other solid wastes produced by
incinerator operation must be segregated in accordance with QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT
in order to managed by appropriate measures as per applicable laws.
2.3.6.4 Land
use percentage in other solid waste incinerators (hazardous biomedical wastes
and hazardous industrial wastes) is determined under Schedule 1.
2.3.7 Hygienic solid waste landfill
2.3.7.1 Scale
of hygienic solid waste landfills is determined under approved planning.
2.3.7.2 Main
functioning areas:
- Garbage weighing stations including weighbridges, data
processing departments, transportation;
- Administrative buildings: office, storage, chemical
laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas;
- Landfill sites: reception and burial spots;
- Technical infrastructures: weighing stations,
electromechanic workshops, gates, fences, roads, yards, parking lots, wash
racks, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, lighting, trees,
water surface, scenery.
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2.3.7.4 Garbage
leechate from treated burial spots must meet environmental regulations under
QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT.
2.3.7.5 Emission
collection system must be installed at hygienic burial spots of organic solid
wastes or both organic and inorganic solid wastes.
2.3.7.6 Land
use percentage in regular solid waste landfills is determined in accordance
with Schedule 1.
2.3.8 Hazardous waste landfill
2.3.8.1 Scale
of hazardous waste landfill is determined in accordance with planning.
2.3.8.2 Main
functioning areas:
- Weighing stations: Garbage weighing system must include
weighbridges, data processing departments, transportation mechanisms;
- Administrative buildings: office, storage, chemical
laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas;
- Treatment areas: reception areas, burial spots;
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NOTE: Burial
spots for hazardous wastes can be incorporated in regular solid waste
landfills.
2.3.8.3 Hazardous
waste landfills must be designed and built in accordance with applicable
regulations.
2.3.8.4 Garbage
leechate from treated burial spots must meet environmental regulations under
QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT.
2.3.8.5 Land
use percentage in hazardous solid waste landfills is determined under Schedule
1.
2.3.9 Concentrated solid waste treatment
site
2.3.9.1 Scale
of concentrated waste treatment sites is determined in accordance with approved
planning based on weight of solid wastes to be processed, technology employed
to process and dispose solid wastes.
2.3.9.2 Main
functioning areas:
- Weighing stations installed in each treatment site
include: weighbridges, data processing departments;
- Administrative buildings: office, storage, chemical
laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas;
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- Technical infrastructures: weighing stations,
electromechanic workshops, gates, fences, roads, yards, parking lots, wash
racks, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, lighting, trees,
water surface, scenery.
2.3.9.3 Land
use percentage in concentrated waste treatment sites is determined under
Schedule 1.
2.4 Public toilet
2.4.1 Stationary public toilet requirements
2.4.1.1 Ratio
of window area to floor area must not be lower than 1:8.
2.4.1.2 Materials
and structure must meet strength and stability requirements during operation
and use. Floor and walls must be made from anti-absorbent materials. Public
toilet must be outfitted with septic tanks prior to being connected to external
drainage system.
2.4.1.3 Public
toilet must allow accessibility for persons with disabilities in accordance
with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.4.1.4 In
special circumstances, public toilet can be built underground.
2.4.2 Mobile public toilet requirements
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2.4.2.2 Minimum
clear height of toilet stall must be 2,1 m.
2.4.2.3 Continuous
and adequate water supply system is required.
2.4.2.4 Adequate
sanitary, ventilation, and lighting equipment satisfactory to use demand and
environmental hygiene is required.
2.4.2.5 Accessibility
for persons with disabilities is required in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.4.2.6 Requirements
under QCVN01:2011/BYT must be met.
2.4.3
Management of sludge from public toilet
Septic tanks of
public toilets must be emptied and collected at least once per year. Sludge
collected from public toilets must be collected and transported to treatment
sites as per the law.
2.5
Maintenance
Solid waste
collection and treatment works, work items, and public toilets must be
periodically maintained and repair throughout useful life in order to perform
design functionalities.
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3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1
Investment projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation
shall adhere to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects
are approved; individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply
this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment
construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall
conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local
construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this
Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building
design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for
publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for
relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this
Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department,
Ministry of Construction.
QCVN 07-10:2023/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
SYSTEM - CEMETERY, CREMATORY AND FUNERAL HOME
1 GENERAL
PROVISIONS
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This Regulation
provides for limits of technical specifications and mandatory management
requirements to be adhered to in construction, renovation, and upgrade of
cemeteries, crematories, and funeral homes.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation
applies to organizations and individual relevant to investment, construction,
renovation, and upgrade of cemeteries, crematories, and funeral homes.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference
documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If
reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN
07-4:2023/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure
System - Urban Transportation Works;
QCVN 10:2014/BXD,
National Technical Regulation on Construction for Accessibility for persons
with disabilities;
QCVN
02:2012/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Solid Health Care Waste
Incinerator;
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QCVN
14:2008/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Municipal Wastewater;
QCVN
26:2010/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Noise;
QCVN
28:2010/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Biomedical Wastewater;
QCVN
50:2013/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Thresholds for
Sludges from Water Treatment Process.
1.4
Definitions
In the
Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Cemetery
Refers to a place
where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred and is
managed, built as per planning.
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Final
disposition
Refers to the
process of storing remains or cremains of the dead.
1.4.3
Burial
Refers to the
process of storing remains or cremains of the dead underground.
1.4.4
Permanent
burial
Refers to
permanent burial of the dead.
1.4.5
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Refers to burial
of the dead for a period of time after which the dead body is exhumed.
1.4.6
Exhumation
Refers to a
removal of remains from a temporary burial grave for another forms of final
dispositions.
1.4.7
Interment of
ashes
Refers to burial
of bone remains of the dead following exhumation or cremains following
cremation.
1.4.8
Grave
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1.4.9
Cremation
Refers to the
process of incinerating (at a high temperature) the remains or bone remains of
the dead at crematoriums.
1.4.10
Cremains
Refers to what
remains of the dead following cremation of remains or bone remains.
NOTE: Cremains
will then be buried or stored in cremains storage area.
1.4.11
Crematorium
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NOTE:
Crematoriums are situated independently or as attachment to works such as
cemeteries, religion establishments as long as environmental separation
distance is maintained as per the law.
1.4.12
Cremator
Refers to works,
equipment cremating remains and bone remains of the dead.
1.4.13
Funeral home
Refers to an
establishment where funeral is organized and is managed, built as per planning.
NOTE: Funeral
homes are situated independently or as attachment to works such as cemeteries,
crematoriums, religion establishments as long as environmental separation
distance is maintained as per the law.
2 TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
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2.1.1 Investment
and construction of cemeteries, crematoriums, and funeral homes must adhere to
planning approved by competent authority and take into account the impact of
climate change and rising sea level.
2.1.2 Cemeteries,
crematoriums, and funeral homes must enable accessibility for persons with
disabilities in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.1.3 Environmental
separation distance of cemeteries, crematoriums, and funeral homes must adhere
to QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
NOTE: New
crematoriums and funeral homes in existing cemeteries (planning for continuous
use) may have environmental separation distance determined by the use of
environmental impact assessment tools.
2.2 Cemetery
2.2.1 Cemeteries
include: cemeteries for burial and cemeteries for multiple forms of final
disposition.
NOTE: In addition
to burial, cemeteries can accommodate other forms of final disposition such as
cremains storage in prolonged cremains storage facilities (underground,
aboveground, multi-storey).
2.2.2 Main
functioning areas
2.2.2.1 Burial
sites may, depending on the type of cemeteries, include one or multiple of the
following areas:
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- Areas for permanent burial;
- Areas for interment of ashes.
2.2.2.2 Other
functioning areas include:
- Funeral sites or funeral homes in cemeteries;
- Crematoriums in cemeteries (if any);
- Long-term cremains storage facilities;
- Technical areas: corpse preservation and cleaning;
- Ceremonial and worshipping areas (if any);
- Auxiliary works: offices, waiting lounges, storage units,
main buildings;
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- Technical infrastructures: trees, water, scenery, gates,
fences, yards, roads, parking lots, runoff drainage works, water supply works,
wastewater collection and treatment works, solid waste collection and treatment
works, electricity supply works, lighting works, audio works, communication
works.
NOTE: Functioning
structures can be situated in a single building as long as environmental and
fire safety requirements are met.
2.2.3
Requirements regarding land use in cemeteries
2.2.3.1 Percentage
of land use of functioning areas in a cemetery (over total land area of a
cemetery):
- Minimum area for burial is 50 %, in which, maximum area
for temporary burial is 5 %;
- Minimum area for technical infrastructures and auxiliary
works is 40 %, in which, minimum area for trees and surface water is 25 % and
minimum area for primary traffic is 10 %.
2.2.3.2 Maximum
land area for each single grave (excluding area for surrounding paths) is 3 m2/grave.
NOTE: In respect
of grave vault (double graves or family graves), maximum area equals area of
each single grave multiplied by the number of remains, bone remains, or
cremains therein. Percentage of land dedicated to grave vault must not exceed
50 % of total land area for burial. Area for trees, surface water, internal
roads, and auxiliary works attached to each grave in a cemeteries can be
excluded from land use area of corresponding grave.
2.2.3.3 Maximum
volume of plot for placement of urns in cremains storage facilities is 0,125 m3/plot.
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2.2.4.1 Depending
on area scale, cemeteries are divided into grave sections or grave lots limited
by roads. Each grave section is further divided into grave lots each of which
is divided into grave groups each of which contain grave rows. Signs providing
instructions for visitors are required in each grave group, grave lot, and
grave section.
2.2.4.2 Forms
of graves, headstones, fences in grave sections (if any), and grave orientation
in a cemetery must be consistent in design under approved construction
investment projects.
2.2.5
Technical infrastructure and environment requirements
2.2.5.1 Traffic
arrangement in cemeteries:
- Primary traffic and traffic connecting cemeteries to
outside traffic shall adhere to QCVN 07-4:2023/BXD;
- Minimum width of roads between grave sections is 7 m;
- Minimum width of roads between grave lots is 3,5 m;
- Minimum width of footpaths in grave lots is 1,2 m;
- Minimum spacing between two grave rows is 0,8 m;
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- Parking lots matching demands of cemeteries are required.
2.2.5.2 Solid
waste collection and treatment:
- Cemeteries must be outfitted with public trash bins and
solid waste consolidation grounds to collect all solid wastes that emerge.
Collected solid wastes must be periodically transported to treatment sites;
- Wastes related to the dead whose cause of death is
infectious diseases or decayed remains must be treated in accordance with
regulations of the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment on biomedical waste management.
2.2.5.3 Wastewater
collection and treatment:
- Cemeteries must have separate drainage systems for surface
water and wastewater generated by other activities in cemeteries.
- Where grounds of cemeteries are not sufficiently
anti-absorbent (absorption coefficient exceeds 10-6 cm/s and
thickness of anti-absorbent ground layer is less than 5 m), solutions for
anti-absorption and collecting leechate from temporary burial graves for
concentrated treatment before discharging to the environment. Wastewater
treatment areas in temporary burial grave sections must be located downstream
from wastewater receiving bodies and in the lowest part of cemeteries;
- Wastewater from cemeteries must be collected and treated
to QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT before discharging into receiving system.
2.2.6 Scenery
and environmental requirements for closed cemeteries in urban areas
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2.2.6.2 Funeral
service areas; technical areas: remains cleaning areas, remains preservation
areas; crematoriums in cemeteries (if any) must be repurposed.
2.2.6.3 Fences
and trees are required around cemeteries to maintain urban aesthetics.
2.3
Crematorium
2.3.1 Crematoriums
include: independent crematoriums and crematoriums incorporated with other
works (cemeteries, religion establishments).
2.3.2 Main
functioning areas:
- Cremation areas: cremators, remains preservation areas,
funeral service areas;
- Cremains storage facilities (if any);
- Ceremonial and worshipping areas (if any);
- Auxiliary works: offices, waiting lounges, storage units,
main buildings, sanitary areas, and other service establishments;
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NOTE: Functioning
structures can be situated in a single building as long as environmental and
fire safety requirements are met.
2.3.3 Land use
requirements in crematorium
Percentage of
area of technical infrastructure: at least 35 %, in which, minimum area for
trees and surface water is 20 %, minimum area for traffic (including parking
lots) is 10 % (on total land area of a crematorium).
NOTE: Where
crematoriums are incorporated with other structures, it is permissible to share
technical infrastructures and auxiliary works of said structures as long as
aforementioned indicators are met.
2.3.4 Spatial
and scenery requirements
Scenery of
crematoriums must fit natural conditions and local customs; have reasonable
spatial arrangement, be convenient for cremation process, and have natural
ventilation.
2.3.5
Technical infrastructure and environment requirements
2.3.5.1 Traffic
arrangement in crematoriums:
- Primary traffic and traffic connecting crematoriums with
outside traffic must conform to QCVN 07-4:2023/BXD;
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2.3.5.2
Crematorium emission collection and treatment
Crematoriums must
be outfitted with emission treatment system prior to releasing emission to the
environment in accordance with QCVN 02:2012/BTNMT.
2.3.5.3 Solid
waste collection and treatment:
- Ashes, slags, sludges, and other solid wastes produced by
incinerator operation must be segregated in accordance with QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT
in order to managed by appropriate measures as per applicable laws;
- Solid wastes must be collected and transported to
treatment sites in a manner compliant with environmental hygiene standards.
2.3.5.4 Wastewater
collection and treatment:
- Wastewater must be separately collected and treated to
meet requirements under QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT before being released to receiving
system;
- Sludges produced by wastewater treatment system must be
managed in accordance with QCVN 50:2013/BTNMT and collected, transported to
treatment sites in a manner complaint with environmental hygiene standards.
2.4 Funeral
home
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2.4.2 Main
functioning areas:
- Funeral areas: walkways, waiting lounges, funeral rooms,
cold storage for body preservation, casket placement, embalming rooms;
- Auxiliary works: offices, waiting lounges, storage units,
main buildings, sanitary areas, and other service establishments;
- Technical infrastructures: trees, water, scenery, gates,
fences, yards, roads, parking lots, runoff drainage works, water supply works,
wastewater collection and treatment works, solid waste collection and treatment
works, electricity supply works, lighting works, audio works, communication
works.
NOTE: Functioning
structures can be situated in a single building as long as environmental and
fire safety requirements are met.
2.4.3 Land use
requirements in funeral homes
Minimum
percentage of land area for technical infrastructure is 60 %, in which minimum
land area for traffic (including parking lots) is 30 % (on total land area of
funeral homes).
NOTE: Where
funeral homes are incorporated with other structures, it is permissible to
share technical infrastructures and auxiliary works of said structures as long
as aforementioned indicators are met.
2.4.4 Spatial
and scenery requirements
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2.4.4.2 Funeral
homes incorporated with hospitals must be separate from other functions in the
hospitals, have separate access, and be outfitted with noise-dampening
solutions.
2.4.5
Technical infrastructure and environment requirements
2.4.5.1 Traffic
arrangement in funeral homes:
- Primary traffic and traffic connecting funeral homes with
outside traffic must conform to QCVN 07-4:2023/BXD;
- New funeral homes must have separate entrances and exits;
- Parking lots appropriate to demands for funeral homes are
required.
2.4.5.2 Waste
collection and treatment:
- Solid wastes must be collected on a daily basis and
transported to treatment sites in a manner compliant with environmental hygiene
standards;
- Wastewater must be collected and treated to meet QCVN
14:2008/BTNMT before being discharged to receiving system.
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Funeral homes
must be outfitted with noise-dampening solutions in accordance with QCVN
26:2010/BTNMT.
2.5
Maintenance
Cemeteries,
crematoriums, and funeral homes must be periodically maintained and repaired throughout
their useful life in order to perform design functionalities.
3 ORGANIZING IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment projects approved prior
to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere to regulations
applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals
deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment construction projects
that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform to this
Regulation.
3.2 Local
construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this
Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building
design and construction.
3.3 Ministry
of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on
application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise
during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical
Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
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