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MINISTRY
OF HEALTH
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom – Happiness
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No.
27/2023/TT-BYT
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Hanoi,
December 29, 2023
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CIRCULAR
ON
STANDARDS, FUNCTIONS, TASKS, SCOPE OF MEDICAL EXAMINATION AND TREATMENT
ACTIVITIES, AND PROFESSIONAL TRAINING CONTENT FOR VILLAGE HEALTH WORKERS AND
VILLAGE MIDWIVES
Pursuant to the Law on Medical
Examination and Treatment No. 15/2023/QH15 dated January 9, 2023;
Pursuant to Decree No.
95/2022/ND-CP dated November 15, 2022 of the Government on the functions,
duties, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Health;
At the proposal of the Director
of the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Ministry of Health;
The Minister of Health hereby
issues a Circular on standards, functions, tasks, scope of medical examination
and treatment activities, and professional training content for village health
workers and village midwives.
Article 1. Scope and regulated
entities
1. Scope:
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2. Regulated entities:
a) Health workers engaged in
primary healthcare services at villages, hamlets, and neighborhoods as
prescribed in Article 2 of Circular No. 04/2012/TT-BNV dated August 31, 2012 of
the Minister of Home Affairs on guidelines for organizing activities of
villages and neighborhoods (hereinafter referred to as village health workers);
b) Village health workers providing
maternal and child healthcare services in ethnic minority and mountainous
areas, as well as in severely disadvantaged communes in riverine, coastal, and island
regions (hereinafter referred to as village midwives);
c) Relevant agencies,
organizations, and individuals;
d) This Circular does not apply to
collaborators of healthcare programs and projects.
Article 2. Standards for village
health workers and village midwives
1. Professional qualifications and
training: Village health workers and village midwives must meet one of the
following criteria:
a) Successfully complete a training
program (certified) in professional and technical skills as prescribed in
Article 6 of this Circular;
b) Hold a medical qualification
(doctor, physician assistant, nurse, or midwife) at an intermediate level or
higher.
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3. Be physically fit to perform
assigned tasks.
Article 3. Functions of village
health workers and village midwives
1. For village health workers: Support
commune health stations in performing primary healthcare functions at the
village level.
2. For village midwives: Support
commune health stations in providing maternal and child healthcare services at
the village level.
Article 4. Tasks and scope of
medical examination and treatment activities for village health workers
1. Tasks of village health workers:
a) Participate in primary
healthcare and other healthcare activities at the village level, including:
- Conduct health education,
awareness campaigns, guidance, and counseling for villagers on healthcare,
disease prevention, environmental sanitation, food safety, malnutrition
prevention, HIV/AIDS prevention, non-communicable diseases, and epidemic
control in community; as well as control and mitigation of the impacts of
climate change and environmental pollution;
- Detect, monitor, and report on
the occurrence of infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, foodborne
illnesses, and emerging epidemics within the village;
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- Guide villagers on growing and
using traditional herbal medicine at home for disease prevention and treatment
of common symptoms and illnesses;
- Participate in implementing
disease prevention, food safety, and community health promotion initiatives;
- Assist in guiding the
establishment of citizen health records and citizen health status management in
the locality;
- Attend training courses,
professional development programs, and refresher courses to update knowledge
and enhance expertise;
- Participate in periodic meetings
with commune health stations;
- Ensure timely and complete
reporting in accordance with the guidance of commune health stations.
b) Participate in maternal and
child healthcare, including:
- Promote awareness and encourage
proper hygiene practices for women and prenatal care, advocate for balanced
nutrition, and eliminate harmful customs affecting maternal and child health. Encourage
pregnant women to register for prenatal management at commune health stations,
attend antenatal check-ups, receive tetanus vaccinations, give birth at
healthcare facilities, ensure children receive age-appropriate vaccinations,
and practice breastfeeding;
- Report the list and number of
children in the village; compile lists of pregnant women and children eligible
for vaccination according to regulations and monitor post-vaccination
complications;
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c) Participate in medical
examination and treatment activities at the village level as specified in
Clause 2 of this Article.
2. Scope of medical examination and
treatment activities for village health workers.
a) For residents in the village:
- Identify critical symptoms,
provide first aid in emergencies and accidents, and assist in emergency
referrals;
- Perform initial care and
treatment for common symptoms and illnesses within the community and refer to
healthcare facilities when necessary, including: cough, fever, nasal
congestion, headache, abdominal pain, upper respiratory infections, acute
diarrhea, conjunctivitis, influenza, dengue fever, scarlet fever, allergic
dermatitis, urticaria, measles, mumps, hand-foot-mouth disease, and other
locally prevalent illnesses;
- Provide guidance and counseling
on general healthcare and disease prevention in the community;
- Assist in managing, screening,
counseling, and guiding healthcare for the elderly, disabled individuals,
people with mental disorders, and patients with non-communicable diseases such
as hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
asthma, and cancer.
b) For mothers and children in the
village:
- Provide antenatal care, detect
abnormal signs, offer initial management, and support referral for pregnant
women, mothers, and newborns;
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- Guide, counsel, monitor, and
provide home-based postnatal care for mothers and newborns during the first six
weeks after delivery;
- Provide guidance on simple
methods for monitoring and caring for children’s health, preventing
malnutrition in children under 16 years old. Participate in child nutrition
improvement activities such as weighing, measuring, measuring arm
circumference, and plotting growth charts for children under five years old.
Provide counseling on breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding;
- Distribute iron/folic acid
supplements for pregnant women and mothers, as well as nutritional supplements
for children, according to the guidance of commune health stations (if
applicable), while providing household-based monitoring and follow-up;
c) Manage and effectively use
village-level medical kits; assist commune health stations in guiding patients
on the safe, rational, and effective use of essential medicines.
d) The list of technical procedures
for medical examination and treatment applicable to village health workers is
specified in Appendix 01 enclosed with this Circular.
Article 5. Tasks and scope of
medical examination and treatment activities for village midwives
1. Tasks of village midwives.
a) Participate in maternal and
child healthcare and public health activities at the village level, including:
- Educate, guide, and counsel women
of reproductive age on reproductive health. Promote women’s hygiene, antenatal
care, proper nutrition, and the elimination of harmful practices affecting
maternal and child health. Encourage pregnant women to register for prenatal
care at commune health stations, receive antenatal check-ups, tetanus
vaccinations, deliver at healthcare facilities, and ensure their children
receive all age-appropriate vaccinations;
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- Participate in implementing
healthcare programs and projects at the village level;
- Attend training courses,
professional development programs, and refresher courses to enhance expertise;
- Guide the use of paper and electronic
tools for tracking maternal and child health care;
- Participate in periodic meetings
with commune health stations;
- Ensure timely and complete
reporting in accordance with the guidance of commune health stations.
b) Participate in medical examination
and treatment activities at the village level as specified in Clause 2 of this
Article.
2. Scope of medical examination and
treatment activities for village midwives.
a) For residents in the village:
Identify critical symptoms, provide
first aid in emergencies and accidents, and assist in emergency referrals.
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- Detect early pregnancy, conduct
antenatal check-ups, maintain pregnancy monitoring records, counsel and
encourage pregnant women to attend at least four antenatal check-ups per
pregnancy, and give birth at healthcare facilities;
- Manage antenatal care, identify
high-risk pregnancies, provide initial management, and refer to healthcare
facilities promptly;
- Detect danger signs in mothers
and fetuses during labor, provide initial management, notify the commune health
station for assistance, and mobilize family members or the community to
transport the mother to a healthcare facility in a timely manner;
- Perform initial management of
complications in cases of unassisted childbirth where the pregnant woman cannot
reach a healthcare facility in time for delivery, and support timely referral
to a healthcare facility. Conduct normal cephalic delivery for pregnant women
in labor who cannot or are unable to reach a healthcare facility in time for
delivery. Guide families on appropriate medical waste disposal based on local
village conditions;
- Conduct postnatal examination and
management, and provide maternal and newborn care at home:
+ For mothers: Observe overall
health status and mental condition; measure pulse, temperature, blood pressure,
and respiratory rate. Assist mothers in managing nipple inversion, breast
engorgement, and blocked milk ducts, and address issues related to
breastfeeding. Perform abdominal palpation to check uterine involution. Examine
the perineum and assess lochia. Detect any abnormal maternal signs and refer to
a healthcare facility when necessary;
+ For newborns: Weigh the baby and
monitor growth and development, including breastfeeding status: Conduct a
general health assessment by checking pulse, respiratory rate, and breath
sounds. Observe for abnormalities or congenital anomalies involving the skin,
mouth, ears, eyes, limbs, genitalia, anus, etc. Examine and provide hygienic
care for the newborn’s skin. Inspect and care for the umbilical cord. Detect
any abnormal signs in the newborn and ensure timely referral to a healthcare
facility when needed.
- Provide guidance and counseling
on women’s hygiene, reproductive tract infection prevention, and sexually
transmitted disease prevention;
- Provide guidance and counseling
on appropriate complementary feeding for infants;
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c) Effectively manage and utilize
the village midwife’s medical kit. Support the commune health station in
guiding patients on the safe, rational, and effective use of essential
medicines.
d) The list of technical procedures
for medical examination and treatment applicable to village midwives is
specified in Appendix 02 enclosed with this Circular.
Article 6. Contents of
professional and technical training
1. For village health workers: The
professional and technical training contents are specified in Appendix 03
enclosed with this Circular, with a minimum training duration of three (03)
months.
2. For village midwives: The
professional and technical training contents are specified in Appendix 04 of
this Circular, with a minimum training duration of six (06) months.
3. For village health workers who
also serve as village midwives: The professional and technical training
contents are specified in Appendix 05 enclosed with this Circular, with a
minimum training duration of three (03) months.
4. Vocational education
institutions authorized to provide training in nursing, midwifery, and general
medicine at an intermediate level or higher shall, based on the professional
and technical contents specified in Clauses 1, 2, and 3 of this Article,
develop, review, approve, and issue training programs and materials, organize
training sessions, and issue training certificates in accordance with the laws
on vocational education.
Article 7. Implementation
1. Responsibilities of the
Department of Maternal and Child Health: The department shall act as the focal
point for disseminating, guiding, implementing, inspecting, and supervising the
enforcement of the provisions of this Circular in accordance with its assigned
functions and duties.
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a) Act as the focal point for coordinating
with relevant departments, agencies, and organizations in advising and
submitting proposals to the competent authorities of the province or centrally
affiliated city for organizing the implementation of this Circular;
b) Based on the characteristics,
situation, and actual conditions of the locality, the Department of Health
shall coordinate with relevant departments, agencies, and organizations in
advising and submitting proposals to the competent authorities of the province
or centrally affiliated city to determine legal funding sources and monthly
allowances in accordance with the provisions of Decree No. 33/2023/ND-CP dated
June 10, 2023 of the Government on commune-level officials and civil servants
and part-time public staff at the commune level, in villages, and neighborhoods
for village health workers and village midwives;
c) Lead and coordinate with
relevant agencies in advising and submitting proposals to the competent
authorities of the province or centrally affiliated city to determine the list
of ethnic minority and mountainous villages, as well as particularly difficult
communes in coastal, island, and disadvantaged areas in maternal and child
healthcare, to assign one village midwife per village;
3. District-level health centers,
commune-level health stations shall manage, direct, guide, and supervise
professional and technical support for village health workers and village
midwives;
4. People’s Committees of
districts, communes, and village heads shall manage and supervise the activities
of village health workers and village midwives.
Article 8. Entry into force
1. This Circular comes into force
as of January 1, 2024.
2. Circular No. 07/2013/TT-BYT
dated March 8, 2013 of the Minister of Health on the regulations on standards,
functions, and duties of village health workers shall cease to be effective as
of the effective date of this Circular.
Article 9. Reference provisions
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Article 10. Transitional
provisions
Village health workers and village
midwives working before the effective date of this Circular shall continue to
perform their functions, duties, and scope of medical examination and treatment
as specified in this Circular.
Article 11. Responsibilities for
enforcement
1. The Chief of the Ministry
Office, the Chief Inspector of the Ministry, the Director of the Department of
Maternal and Child Health, the Directors of relevant departments and agencies
under the Ministry, the Heads of units affiliated with the Ministry, the
Directors of the Departments of Health of provinces and centrally affiliated cities,
and relevant agencies, organizations, and individuals shall be responsible for
implementing this Circular.
2. During the implementation
process, if any difficulties arise, agencies, organizations, and individuals
shall promptly report to the Ministry of Health (Department of Maternal and
Child Health) for review and resolution./.
PP.
MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Tran Van Thuan
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LIST
OF PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL EXAMINATION AND TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR VILLAGE HEALTH
WORKERS
(Enclosed with Circular No. 27/2023/TT-BYT dated December 29, 2023 of the
Ministry of Health)
No.
List
of professional techniques
1
Observe, assess, and evaluate the
general condition of the patient
2
Measure and record the patient’s
vital signs
3
Perform initial first aid for
respiratory, circulatory, and cardiovascular emergencies
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Provide first aid and bandage
bleeding soft tissue wounds
5
Perform first aid and temporary
immobilization for various fractures
6
Administer first aid and initial
management of burns
7
Manage snake bites, apply
pressure bandages, and immobilize the affected area
8
Provide initial management for
bites and stings from animals, etc.
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Administer first aid for
poisoning, heatstroke, and heat exhaustion
10
Perform initial first aid for
drowning cases
11
Provide first aid for other
household accidents, such as electric shock, falls, etc.
12
Safely transport patients
13
Manage fever cases
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Provide care and counseling for
patients with upper respiratory tract infections
15
Provide care and counseling for
influenza patients
16
Provide care and counseling for patients
with conjunctivitis (red eye)
17
Provide initial care and
counseling for dengue fever patients
18
Perform initial management of
allergic dermatitis, urticaria, and skin rashes
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Perform initial management of
measles cases
20
Perform initial management of
mumps cases
21
Perform initial management of
hand, foot, and mouth disease
22
Provide initial management of
abdominal pain
23
Provide counseling and guidance
on various healthcare practices
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Provide counseling and guidance
on community disease prevention and control
25
Provide counseling and guidance
on elderly healthcare
26
Assist the commune health station
in providing healthcare counseling and guidance for people with disabilities
27
Provide counseling and guidance
on mental health care
28
Provide counseling and guidance
for patients with hypertension
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Provide counseling and guidance
for patients with diabetes
30
Provide counseling and guidance
for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
31
Provide counseling and guidance
for patients with asthma
32
Provide counseling and guidance
for cancer patients
33
Provide counseling on nutrition
and exercise
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Provide counseling and guidance
on rehabilitation
35
Perform traditional therapies
such as coin rubbing (cupping), massage, and acupressure using hands
36
Provide healthcare for pregnant
women
37
Detect and perform initial
management of abnormal signs in pregnant women
38
Provide emergency assistance for
unassisted childbirth
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Support the referral process for
pregnant women, mothers, and newborns
40
Provide counseling and postnatal
care for mothers during the first six weeks at home
41
Provide counseling and postnatal
care for newborns during the first six weeks at home
42
Bathe newborns
43
Provide counseling on
breastfeeding and complementary feeding for children
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Provide counseling and guidance
on monitoring and caring for children’s health
45
Provide counseling and guidance
on preventing malnutrition in children under 16 years old
46
Provide initial care for children
with diarrhea
47
Assess nutritional status by
measuring height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and head circumference
in children; plot growth charts for children under 5 years old
48
Distribute and guide the use of
iron/folic acid supplements for pregnant women and mothers under the guidance
of the commune health station (if available)
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Distribute and guide the use of
nutrition prevention and treatment products for children under the guidance
of the commune health station (if available)
50
Assist the commune health station
in guiding patients on the safe, rational, and effective use of essential
medicines as prescribed and instructed by the commune health station
APPENDIX 02
LIST
OF PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL EXAMINATION AND TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR VILLAGE
MIDWIVES
(Enclosed with Circular No. 27/2023/TT-BYT dated December 29, 2023 of the
Ministry of Health)
No.
List
of professional techniques
1
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2
Measure and record the patient’s
vital signs
3
Perform initial first aid for
respiratory, circulatory, and cardiovascular emergencies
4
Provide first aid and bandage
bleeding soft tissue wounds
5
Perform first aid and temporary
immobilization for fractures
6
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7
Manage snake bites, apply
pressure bandages, and immobilize the affected area
8
Provide initial management for
bites and stings from animals, etc.
9
Administer first aid for
poisoning, heatstroke, and heat exhaustion
10
Perform initial first aid for
drowning cases
11
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12
Assist in the safe transport of
patients to healthcare facilities
13
Manage fever cases
14
Provide care and counseling for
patients with upper respiratory tract infections
15
Provide care and counseling for
influenza patients
16
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17
Provide initial care and
counseling for dengue fever patients
18
Perform initial management of
allergic dermatitis, urticaria, and skin rashes
19
Perform initial management of
measles cases
20
Perform initial management of
mumps cases
21
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22
Perform initial management of
abdominal pain and diarrhea
23
Provide counseling and guidance
on various healthcare practices
24
Provide counseling and guidance
on community disease prevention and control
25
Provide counseling and guidance
on elderly healthcare
26
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27
Provide counseling and guidance
on mental health care
28
Provide counseling and guidance
for patients with hypertension
29
Provide counseling and guidance
for patients with diabetes
30
Provide counseling and guidance
for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
31
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32
Provide counseling and guidance
for cancer patients
33
Provide counseling on nutrition
and exercise
34
Provide counseling and guidance
on rehabilitation
35
Perform traditional therapies
such as coin rubbing (cupping), massage, and acupressure using hands
36
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37
Provide psychological counseling
for pregnant women
38
Provide counseling on tetanus
vaccination for pregnant women
39
Provide counseling on pregnancy
signs
40
Provide counseling on safe
motherhood and child care knowledge
41
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42
Provide counseling and guidance
for pregnant women on pregnancy registration and attending at least four
antenatal check-ups during pregnancy
43
Guide pregnant women on proper
nutrition, monitor, and control appropriate weight gain during pregnancy
44
Perform antenatal check-up
techniques
45
Manage pregnancy, detect
high-risk pregnancies, provide initial intervention, and refer to medical
facilities
46
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47
Provide emergency assistance for
unassisted childbirth
48
Perform initial management of
complications in unassisted childbirth
49
Provide care and monitoring for
women in labor
50
Deliver normal vertex presentations
for women in labor who cannot reach or are unable to get to a medical
facility for childbirth
51
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52
Deliver the placenta and inspect
the placenta
53
Examine, manage, care for, and
monitor the mother and newborn within the first six hours after birth at home
54
Examine, manage, care for, and
monitor the mother within the first six weeks after birth at home
55
Examine, manage, care for, and
monitor the newborn within the first six weeks after birth at home
56
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57
Provide initial management for
nipple inversion, breast engorgement, and blocked milk ducts in postpartum
mothers
58
Perform initial management of
abnormal and dangerous signs in pregnant women and during labor
59
Assess newborns immediately after
birth, perform initial management, and refer when danger signs are detected
60
Provide kangaroo mother care for
low-birth-weight infants
61
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62
Bathe newborns
63
Provide newborn skin care
64
Provide umbilical cord care for
newborns
65
Examine and observe to detect
certain external congenital abnormalities in newborns
66
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67
Provide child health care
68
Guide and counsel on appropriate
supplementary feeding for children
69
Counsel on expanded immunization
programs
70
Assist in counseling and caring
for children with acute respiratory infections
71
...
...
...
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72
Assist in the safe transport of
mothers and newborns to healthcare facilities
73
Distribute and guide the use of
iron/folic acid supplements for pregnant women and mothers under the guidance
of the commune health station (if available)
74
Distribute and guide the use of
nutrition prevention and treatment products for children under the guidance
of the commune health station (if available)
75
Assist the commune health station
in guiding patients on the safe, rational, and effective use of essential
medicines as prescribed and instructed by the commune health station
76
...
...
...
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APPENDIX 03
TRAINING
CONTENT FOR PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL SKILLS OF VILLAGE HEALTH WORKERS
(Enclosed with Circular No. 27/2023/TT-BYT dated December 29, 2023 of the
Ministry of Health)
No.
Training
subjects
1
General human anatomy and
physiology
2
Essential medicines and their
usage
...
...
...
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Organization and operation of
primary healthcare and community healthcare services
4
Health communication and
education
5
Prevention and control of climate
change impacts and environmental pollution
6
Recognizing general and critical
health signs
7
Basic first aid and emergency
response
...
...
...
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Initial management of common
symptoms and illnesses
9
Assisting in the safe
transportation and referral of patients to healthcare facilities
10
Emergency childbirth management
in the community
11
Maternal and newborn care,
including postpartum care for mothers and infants within the first six weeks
at home
12
Child healthcare
...
...
...
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Nutrition for children and infant
feeding
14
Expanded immunization programs
15
Community health management,
disease prevention, and control (including the application of traditional
medicine, rehabilitation, and nutrition in healthcare. Early detection and
initial management of local endemic diseases)
16
Screening, counseling, and
healthcare for patients with non-communicable diseases
17
Application of information
technology, medical statistics, and reporting
...
...
...
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Guidance on using tools for
monitoring maternal and child healthcare in both paper and electronic
versions
19
Clinical practice at medical
examination and treatment facilities
20
Community-based practical
training
APPENDIX 04
TRAINING
CONTENT FOR PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL SKILLS OF VILLAGE MIDWIVES
(Enclosed with Circular No. 27/2023/TT-BYT dated December 29, 2023 of the
Ministry of Health)
No.
...
...
...
Hãy đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành viên
Pro tại đây để xem toàn bộ văn bản tiếng Anh.
1
General anatomy and physiology of
the female reproductive system
2
Roles and responsibilities of
village midwives in maternal and child healthcare
3
Infection control in providing
reproductive healthcare services in the community
4
Essential medicines and their
usage
5
...
...
...
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6
Recognizing general and critical
health signs
7
Basic first aid and emergency
response
8
Initial management of common
symptoms and illnesses
9
Antenatal care
Counseling for couples before
pregnancy
...
...
...
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Prenatal examination
Abnormal signs during pregnancy
Clinical practice at healthcare
facilities on antenatal care
10
Labor and delivery care
Signs of labor and monitoring
labor
Preparation before delivery
assistance
Assisting in normal delivery
using a clean delivery kit
Emergency childbirth management
in the community
...
...
...
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Delivering the placenta and
inspecting the placenta
Clinical practice at healthcare
facilities on labor and delivery care
11
Postpartum maternal and
newborn care within the first six weeks at home
Postpartum maternal care within
the first six weeks at home
Newborn bathing, skin care, and
umbilical cord care
Provide kangaroo mother care for
low-birth-weight infants
Breastfeeding and managing milk
aspiration in infants
Clinical practice at healthcare
facilities on maternal and newborn postpartum care at home
...
...
...
Hãy đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành viên
Pro tại đây để xem toàn bộ văn bản tiếng Anh.
Health communication on
malnutrition prevention, infectious disease prevention, and maternal and
neonatal care counseling in the community
13
Child healthcare
14
Nutrition for children and infant
feeding
15
Expanded immunization programs
16
Assist in the safe transport of
mothers and newborns to healthcare facilities
...
...
...
Hãy đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành viên
Pro tại đây để xem toàn bộ văn bản tiếng Anh.
Application of information
technology, medical statistics, and reporting
18
Guidance on using tools for
monitoring maternal and child healthcare in both paper and electronic
versions
19
Community health management,
disease prevention, and control (including the application of traditional
medicine, rehabilitation, and nutrition in healthcare. Early detection and
initial management of local endemic diseases)
20
Community-based practical
training
APPENDIX 05
...
...
...
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No.
Training
subjects
1
General anatomy and physiology of
the female reproductive system
2
Roles and responsibilities of
village midwives within the healthcare network
3
Infection control in providing
reproductive healthcare services in the community
4
...
...
...
Hãy đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành viên
Pro tại đây để xem toàn bộ văn bản tiếng Anh.
Counseling for couples before
pregnancy
Prenatal examination
Abnormal signs during pregnancy
Clinical practice at healthcare
facilities on antenatal care
5
Labor and delivery care
Signs of labor and monitoring
labor
Preparation before delivery
assistance
Assisting in normal delivery
using a clean delivery kit
...
...
...
Hãy đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành viên
Pro tại đây để xem toàn bộ văn bản tiếng Anh.
Initial management of postpartum
hemorrhage and immediate post-delivery bleeding
Delivering the placenta and
inspecting the placenta
Clinical practice at healthcare
facilities on labor and delivery care
6
Postpartum maternal and
newborn care within the first six weeks at home
Postpartum maternal care within
the first six weeks at home
Newborn bathing, skin care, and
umbilical cord care
Provide kangaroo mother care for
low-birth-weight infants
Breastfeeding and managing milk
aspiration in infants
...
...
...
Hãy đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành viên
Pro tại đây để xem toàn bộ văn bản tiếng Anh.
7
Health communication on maternal
and newborn care in the community
8
Safe transport of mothers and
newborns to healthcare facilities
9
Community-based practical
training