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MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION OF
VIETNAM
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SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No. 06/2022/TT-BXD
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Hanoi, November 30, 2022
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CIRCULAR
ON THE QCVN 06:2022/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
Pursuant to the Law on Technical Regulations and Standards
dated June 29, 2006;
Pursuant to No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 01, 2007 of the
Government elaborating the implementation of the Law on Technical Regulations and
Standards and Decree No. 78/2018/ND-CP dated May 16, 2018 of the Government on
amendment to the Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP;
Pursuant to Decree No. 52/2022/ND-CP dated August 8, 2022 of
the Government on functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structures of
Ministry of Construction;
At request of Director of the Science - Technology and
Environment Department;
The Minister of Construction promulgates Circular on
National technical regulation on Fire safety for Buildings and Constructions
Article 1. The QCVN 06:2022/BXD National technical regulation on Fire
safety for Buildings and Constructions is attached hereto.
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Article 3. Ministries, ministerial agencies, Governmental agencies,
People’s Committees of provinces and central-affiliated cities, and relevant
organizations, individuals are responsible for the implementation of this
Circular./.
PP. MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Le Quang Hung
QCVN 06:2022/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON
FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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2 FIRE-RELATED TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATIONS
3 HUMAN SAFETY ASSURANCE
4 FLAME SPREAD PREVENTION
5 WATER SUPPLY FOR FIREFIGHTING
6 FIREFIGHTING AND RESCUE
7 ORGANIZING IMPLEMENTATION
APPENDIX A (regulations) ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS FOR SPECIFIC
GROUPS OF BUILDINGS
APPENDIX B (regulations) CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS BASED ON FIRE-RELATED TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATIONS AND FIRE SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS OF MATERIALS
APPENDIX C (regulations) FIRE AND EXPLOSION RISK CLASSES OF
BUILDINGS, CONSTRUCTIONS, ROOMS WITH MANUFACTURING AND STORAGE PURPOSES
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APPENDIX E (regulations) FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE
APPENDIX F (regulations) FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS OF SEVERAL MODULES
APPENDIX G (regulations) DISTANCE TO EXIT ACCESSES AND WIDTH
OF EXIT ACCESSES
APPENDIX H (regulations) FIRE RESISTANCE CATEGORY AND FIRE
SAFETY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS OF BUILDINGS, CONSTRUCTIONS, AND FIRE COMPARTMENTS
APPENDIX I (for reference) ILLUSTRATIONS
Preface
The QCVN 06:2022/BXD is developed by the Construction
Science and Technology Institute (Ministry of Construction), jointly compiled
by Vietnam Fire and Rescue Police Department (Ministry of Public Security),
presented to the Ministry of Science and Technology for approval by the Science
- Technology and Environment Department (Ministry of Construction), and issued
under Circular No.06/2022/TT-BXD dated November 30, 2022 of the Minister of
Construction.
The QCVN 06:2022/BXD replaces the QCVN 06:2021/BXD attached
under Circular No. 02/2021/TT-BXD dated May 19, 2021 of the Minister of
Construction.
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NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON
FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This Regulation prescribes
a) General fire safety requirements of rooms, fire
compartments, buildings, and constructions (hereinafter referred to as
“buildings”);
b) Fire-related technical classifications of construction
materials, structural elements, parts and components of buildings, and
buildings.
1.1.2 This Regulation applies to the following buildings and constructions:
a) Houses: apartment buildings and tenements with up to 150
m of fire height and no more than 3 basements; detached houses with at least 7
storeys or more than 1 basement and up to 3 basements, detached houses also
serving production, business purposes where floor area for production, business
purposes accounts for more than 30% of floor area;
NOTE: If detached houses are repurposed, this Regulation and
relevant law provisions must be complied with
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c) Manufacturing facilities and warehouses with up to 50 m
in fire height and no more than 1 basement;
d) Providers of technical infrastructure facilities and
amenities with up to 50 m in fire height and no more than 1 basement;
e) Buildings serving transport purposes with up to 50 m in
fire height and no more than 3 basements;
f) Buildings serving agriculture and rural development
purposes (other than nurseries and greenhouses and the likes).
NOTE: Construction classification shall conform to relevant
law provisions. See Schedule 6 for specific constructions under 1.1.2.
1.1.3 In regard to buildings classified under fire risk categories F1.2, F1.3,
F4.2, F4.3 by functions and multipurpose buildings with more than 150 m in fire
height or at least 4 basements and buildings with fire prevention and fire
protection properties different from those named under Schedule 6, in addition
to adhering to this Regulation, other technical requirements and solutions
pertaining to organization and building engineering appropriate to specific
fire prevention and fire protection properties of these buildings must also be
complied with on the basis of applied standard documents.
NOTE: In regard to buildings using their 4th and
5th basements as parking spaces, regulations pertaining to
underground parking garages must also be complied with in addition to this
Regulation.
1.1.4 This Regulation applies to new construction of buildings and
constructions named under 1.1.2 or:
a) Renovation and repair which alter occupancies of rooms, fire
compartments, or buildings;
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c) Renovation and repair which raise fire risk of
construction materials or reduce fire-resistance rating of structures, structural
elements;
d) Renovation and repair which alter fire risk class or fire
and explosion class of rooms, fire compartments, and buildings in a way that fire
risk of those locations is increased;
e) Renovation and repair which raise fire safety
requirements of rooms, fire compartments, and buildings;
f) Renovation and repair of fire protection systems of fire
compartments and buildings;
g) Other renovation and repair according to instructions of
competent fire and rescue police department.
1.1.5 Section 2 through 6 do not apply to buildings with special occupancies
(buildings and constructions associated with technology line of power
generating facilities such as: hydroelectricity power plant, thermoelectricity
power plant; wind power plant, solar power plant, geothermal power plant, tidal
power plant, waste-to-energy plant, biomass power plant; biogas power plant;
cogeneration power plant, air traffic control tower, manufacturing facilities
or preservation facilities of explosive substances and materials; storage of
petroleum, petroleum products, natural gas, flammable gas, and pyrophoric
substances; filling stations of gas and oil, flammable liquid, flammable gas;
manufacturing facilities or storage of toxic chemicals; national defense and
security constructions; underground sections of subways; mines, and buildings
with similar features).
1.1.6 Section 5 also does not apply to:
a) Facilities, buildings, and constructions for preservation
and processing of cereal;
b) Boiler facilities generating heat; electrical grid
facilities;
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1.1.7 Fire prevention and fire protection requirements of construction
standards must be based on requirements of this Regulation.
In addition to this Regulation, other specific fire
prevention and firefighting requirements under other standards applicable to
specific buildings and constructions must also be adequately complied with. If
no other specific standards that are based on this Regulation are issued,
regulations under applicable standards still prevail until said standards are
reviewed. Applicable standards of foreign countries are also allowed as long as
this Regulation, other Vietnamese regulations and law on fire prevention and
firefighting, and regulations on adoption of foreign standards in construction
activities in Vietnam are adhered to.
If specific technical regulations and requirements under
applicable standards pertaining to fire prevention and fire protection are less
safe than those under this Regulation, those under this Regulation shall
prevail.
1.1.8 Fire safety design documents and fire safety technical documents of
buildings, structures, structural elements, and construction materials must
specify fire-related technical characteristics of these structures in
accordance with this Regulation.
1.1.9 When designing buildings and constructions, other mandatory regulations
and technical requirements according to applicable laws must be complied with
in addition to complying with this Regulation, such as: planning, architecture,
structures, water supply and drainage system, electrical system, electrical appliances,
lightning arrester, fuel supply system, energy efficiency, ventilating system,
air conditioning system, mechanical system, safety use of glass, fall and
collision prevention.
1.1.10 In some specific cases, several requirements under this Regulation can
be replaced as long as technical evaluation is sent to the Ministry of
Construction stating additional or replacement solutions and the basis thereof
in order to maintain fire safety. This technical evaluation must be reviewed by
the Ministry of Construction while construction design dossiers must be
approved by competent fire and rescue police authority in accordance with fire
prevention and firefighting laws.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to organizations and individuals
related to construction investment activities in Vietnamese territory.
1.3 Reference documents
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QCVN 17:2018/BXD, National technical regulations on the
construction and installation of outdoor advertising facilities.
TCVN 3890, Fire protection - Fire protection equipment, firefighting
systems for construction
TCVN 5738, Fire protection - Automatic fire alarm system
- Technical requirements.
TCVN 7336, Fire protection - Water, foam automatic
fire-extinguishing systems - Design and installation requirements.
TCVN 9310-4, Fire protection - Vocabulary - Part 4: Fire
extinction equipment.
TCVN 9310-8, Fire protection - Vocabulary - Part 8: Terms
specific to fire-fighting, rescue services and handling hazardous materials.
TCVN 9311-1, Fire - resistance test- Elements of building
construction - Part 1: General requirements.
TCVN 9311-3, Fire - resistance test - Elements of
building construction - Part 3: Commentary on test method and test data
application.
TCVN 9311-4, Fire - resistance test - Elements of
building construction - Part 4: Specific requirements for load bearing vertical
separating elements.
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TCVN 9311-6, Fire - resistance tests - Elements of
building construction- Part 6: Specific requirements for beams.
TCVN 9311-7, Fire – resistance test – Elements of
building construction – Part 7: Specific requirements of columns.
TCVN 9311-8, Fire - resistance test- Elements of building
construction - Part 8: Specific requirements for non - load bearing vertical
separating elements.
TCVN 9383, Fire resistance test - Fire door and Shutter
Assemblies.
TCVN 12695, Reaction to fire tests for construction
products - Non-combustibility test.
TCVN 13456, Fire protection - Emergency lighting and Exit
sign - Design, installation requirements
1.4 Definitions
In this Regulation, the terms below are construed as
follows:
1.4.1
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Refers to fulfillment of requirements for construction
material properties and structures, architectural solutions, planning,
technical and technology solutions depending ton characteristics of
constructions in order to prevent fire (fire protection), limit the spread, extinguish
fire (fire prevention), prevent factors harmful for humans, and minimize
property damage in case of fire.
1.4.2
fire engine parking space
Refers to a road segment whose finished surface can
withstand the calculated load, which is located along the circumference or in a
part of the circumference of the buildings, which allows firefighting equipment
to deploy firefighting activities.
NOTE: In comparison with fire lane, fire engine parking
space is design to withstand a greater load with a greater width for the
deployment of firefighting equipment
1.4.3
fire protection
Refers to a combination of methods and technical solutions
adopted to prevent impact of fire on human and limit physical damage caused by
fire.
1.4.4
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Refers to a categorized characteristic of buildings,
constructions, and fire compartments determined by fire-resistance rating of structures/structural
elements employed to build said buildings, constructions, and fire compartments.
1.4.5
fire protection assembly
Refer to an apparatus employed to prevent fire and combustion
products from spreading from a fire compartment or from a room with fire to
other rooms. Includes fire-resistance-rated walls, fire-resistance-rated
partitions, and fire-resistance-rated floors.
1.4.6
smoke barriers
Refer to structures employed to divert, contained, and/or
reduce the spread of smoke (gaseous product for a fire).
1.4.7
fire risk level of structural elements
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1.4.8
fire risk level of structures
Refers to a characteristic of buildings, constructions, and fire
compartments and is based on level of participation of their structures in
development of the fire and formation of fire hazards.
1.4.9
building height for fire prevention and firefighting (fire
height)
Fire height of a building (excluding the topmost mechanical
floor) is determined as follows:
The maximum distance from fire lane to the lowest point of
the opening (window) on the exterior wall of the highest storey;
Half of total distance from fire lane to the floor and to
the ceiling of the topmost storey - if no openings (windows) are located on the
exterior wall.
NOTE 1: If roof is utilized, fire height of the building
shall equal the greatest distance from fire lane to the highest point of the
wall surrounding the roof
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NOTE 3: If balcony (loggia) or enclosing structures (guardrail)
are built, fire height shall equal the greatest distance from fire lane to the
highest point of the guarding structures (guardrail) or balcony (loggia).
1.4.10
height of solid stream
Equals 0,8 times the height of a stream flowing vertically.
1.4.11
smoke outlet (flap, shutter)
Refer to remotely controlled equipment (devices) which seals
openings located on the exterior wall surrounding rooms protected by natural smoke
extraction system.
1.4.12
hoistway door
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1.4.13
smoke inlet
Refers to an opening in smoke extraction system to which mesh,
bars, flaps, or normally closed fire dampers can be fitted.
1.4.14
accessible floor area
Refers to the total floor area of all covered spaces within
a building, including service ducts, lift shafts, toilets, staircases, areas
occupied by fixed, moveable furniture, equipment, facilities, and any
open-to-sky habitable areas above or below the first storey of the building.
1.4.15
fire lane
Refers to a road designed to allow firefighting equipment to
reach and move within a building’s vicinity to commerce firefighting and rescue
activities.
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means of egress
Refers to a path of travel which allows humans to head
outside or enter safe areas, refuge floors, fire emergency holding areas and
guarantees safe evacuation of humans in case of fire.
1.4.17
independent means of egress
Refers to a means of egress that serves only one section of
the building (exit accesses of other sections of the building will not lead to
this means of egress).
1.4.18
fire-resistance rating
Refers to the period of time (in hours or minutes) from the
moment in which structures and structural elements undergo fire resistance test
in standard temperature to the moment in which they exhibit any of the limit
states.
1.4.19
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Refers to an area which is located on the refuge floor and
allows temporary evacuation in case of fire.
1.4.20
technical room
Refers to a room where all technical equipment of the
building or storey is stored. Technical rooms can occupy a mechanical floor
partially or entirely.
1.4.21
room
Refers to a space contained within a building that serves a
definite purpose and is limited by structures.
1.4.22
regularly occupied room
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1.4.23
single-loaded corridor
Refers to a corridor whose one side receives natural
ventilation, is not obstructed, runs continuously along its length and whose clear
height from the highest point of the side wall to the ceiling is not smaller
than 1,2 m.
1.4.24
fire protection system
A system that includes: smoke protection system, standpipe
system, fire hydrant system, automatic fire suppression system, fire alarm,
public address system, emergency lighting system, egress lighting system, fire
service elevator, rescue equipment, structural solutions, evacuation solutions,
smoke prevention solutions, flame spread prevention solutions.
1.4.25
air supply system for smoke control
Refers to a system that is remotely controlled and prevents
smoke in case of fire for rooms in control areas, staircases, elevator shafts,
fire protection vestibules by supplying fresh air from the outside to create
positive pressure in the aforementioned areas, prevents the spread of
combustion products and supplies fresh air to make up for the expelled
combustion products.
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smoke extraction system
Refers to a system that is remotely controlled expels smoke
and combustion products outside via smoke inlet.
1.4.27
standpipe system
Refers to a combination of specialized equipment including
valves, hoses, and nozzles that have been pre-installed to deliver water to the
fire.
1.4.28
fire separation distance
Refers to the minimum distance between buildings and
constructions for the purpose of preventing flame spread.
1.4.29
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Refers to a section of a building which is separated by fire-resistance-rated
walls and/or fire-resistance-rated floors or fire-resistance-rated roofs whose
fire-resistance rating is sufficient to prevent the fire from spreading beyond
the fire compartment throughout the fire duration.
1.4.30
vestibule
Refers to a space located between doors which prevents smoke
and other gases from entering buildings, staircases, or other rooms.
1.4.31
fire protection vestibule
Refers to a vestibule that protects any opening on fire
protection assembly, is enclosed by fire-resistance-rated floors and fire-resistance-rated
partitions, contains 2 adjacent openings fitted with fire-resistance-rated
protectives, or contains more than 2 openings fitted with fire-resistance-rated
protectives only when mechanical ventilation is adopted for the vestibule in
order to prevent smoke from entering the vestibule in case of fire.
1.4.32
smoke
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1.4.33
exit access (exit, exit access doorway)
Refers to a route or a door that leads into a means of
egress, directly outside, or into control areas, refuge floors, and/or fire
emergency holding areas.
1.4.34
exit passageway
Refers to an exit access that leads to a means of egress
without crossing building sections (or rooms) of other occupancies.
1.4.35
separate exit access
Refers to an exit access that leads from a building section
(or room or rooms) into an independent means of egress, or directly outside, or
directly into control areas, refuge floors, fire emergency holding areas.
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protective concrete layer and concrete cover
Protective concrete layer starts from the edge of the
structural elements to the nearest rebar surface.
Concrete cover refers to the thickness of the protective
concrete layer (from the edge of the structural elements to the nearest rebar
surface).
1.4.37
occupied roof
Refers to a roof which is regularly occupied by humans (at
least 2 consecutive hours or at least 6 hours within a period of 24 hours).
1.4.38
flame
Refers to the visible, gaseous part of a fire.
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building
Refers to a structure whose primary function is to shelter,
protect people or objects therein and which is partially or entirely covered
and built on a fixed location.
1.4.40
apartment building
Refers to a building with at least 2 storeys, multiple
flats, common staircases, private property and common property, common
infrastructures and amenities for use by households, individuals, and
organizations. Includes apartment buildings built for residential purposes and
apartment buildings built for a mix of residential and business purposes
(hereinafter referred to as “multipurpose apartment buildings”)
1.4.41
multipurpose building
Refers to a building that serves different purposes (for
example: a building can be designed to facilitate office, commerce and
services, public operations, and even accommodations)
NOTE: A multipurpose building must comply with regulations
on fire safety applicable to multipurpose buildings if floor area dedicated to
each occupancy of the building does not exceed 70% of the total floor area of
said building (not including floor area used for technical system, fire
prevention and firefighting, fire emergency holding areas, and parking).
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manufacturing facility
Refers to a building where industrial manufacturing
activities are conducted and necessary conditions are guaranteed to allow
humans to work and operate technology equipment.
1.4.43
fire risk category by function of buildings, constructions, fire
compartments, and rooms
Refers to a characteristic of buildings, constructions, fire
compartments, and rooms which is determined by functions and characteristics of
said buildings, constructions, fire compartments, and rooms, including
characteristics of production technology employed within said buildings,
constructions, fire compartments, and rooms.
1.4.44
fire risk classification of construction materials
Refers to a property of construction material determined by
combustibility test as per standards.
1.4.45
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Refers to a part within a fire compartment that is separated
by fire protection assembly and/or areas sustaining no fire load
1.4.46
fire prevention
Refers to a combination of organization and technical
solutions which aim to ensure safety for humans, prevent fire, restrict flame
spread, and facilitate effective extinguishing of the flame
1.4.47
compartment volume
Refers to volume of space in a building or a fire
compartment. This volume does not include walls of protected elevators, exit access
stairwells and other spaces (e.g. lavatories and storage units) covered by
walls with fire resistance ratings less than 60 minutes and walkways passing through
walls protected by class 2 fire-resistance-rated doors installed with self-closing
devices. Compartment volume shall be calculated based on:
a) Clearance area which equals the distance between inner
finished surfaces of surrounding walls, or in case of areas without surrounding
walls, from a vertical surface to the topmost outermost edge of the floor;
b) Height which equals the distance from the highest point
of the lower floor to the lowest point of the upper floor;
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1.4.48
smoke protected lobby
Refers to a lobby leading into an exit access stairwells.
This lobby must be designed to as to prevent or minimize smoke infiltration
into the staircase.
1.4.49
elevator lobby
Refers to an empty space leading to the elevator
1.4.50
number of storey
Refers to the number of above-ground storeys (including
mechanical floor, roof access) and basements/semi-basements but not attics.
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1.4.51
fire incident
Refers to an uncontrolled combustion that leads to human
casualty and/or property damage.
1.4.52
combustion
Refers to an exothermic redox chemical reaction which is
accompanied by a flame or incandescent light or smoke.
1.4.53
standard documents
Include documents such as standards, technical
specifications, code of practice, and technical regulations in Vietnam and in
other countries promulgated by competent agencies and authorities.
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fire load
Refers to the total heat output produced by combustion of
combustible materials within a construction
1.4.55
attic
Refers to a storey located in the space directly beneath the
pitched roof where a part or the entire vertical surface of the storey is
created by roof pitches or gables while surrounding walls (if any) are not
taller than 1,5 m from the floor.
1.4.56
home landing (of an elevator)
Refers to a storey where the main entrance to the building
is located (usually the first storey).
1.4.57
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Refers to a storey with more than half of its height located
below ground level according to approved planning.
NOTE: When reviewing fire safety requirements of a building
located on varying ground levels, a storey located below ground level according
to approved planning shall not be considered a basement if means of egress from
this storey does not travel in an upward direction.
1.4.58
refuge floor
Refers to a storey for temporary evacuation which is located
in a building with fire height exceeding 100 m. Each refuge floor may house one
or multiple fire emergency holding areas.
1.4.59
semi-basement
Refers to a storey with half of its height located above or
at ground level according to approved planning
1.4.60
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Refers to a storey or a part thereof where technical rooms
or technical equipment of the building is located. A mechanical floor can be a
basement, a semi-basement, a attic, the topmost storey, or any storey
in-between.
1.4.61
above-ground storey
Refers to a storey whose floor level is above or at ground
level according to approved planning.
1.4.62
fire service elevator
Refers to an elevator which is installed primarily for
passenger transport but is additionally equipped with protected control,
communication systems and marked in order to allow the elevator to be manually
controlled by fire brigade to reach various storeys of the building in case of
fire.
1.4.63
smoke ventilation
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1.4.64
fire risk of substances and construction materials
Refers to a state of substances and materials which is
characterized by the ability of the substances and materials to combust or
explode.
1.4.65
fire risk of fire barriers
Refers to a state of fire barriers and is characterized by
the ability to combust and contribute to the fire as well as impact of harmful
combustion factors on humans and properties.
1.4.66
fire resistance
Refers to the ability to resist the fire and prevent the
spread of fire hazards.
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smoke damper
Refers to a normally closed fire damper, which is rated for
E and installed directly on openings of smoke inlets in corridors and smoke
protected lobbies (subsequently referred to as “corridors”)
1.4.68
fire damper
Refers to an equipment which is remotely controlled, shields
ventilation ducts or openings on enclosing structures of a building, and is
rated for EI. There are 3 types of fire dampers:
Normally open fire dampers (which close in case of fire);
Normally closed fire dampers (which open in case of fire or
after a fire);
Combined fire dampers (which close in case of a fire and
open after a fire);
1.4.69
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Refers to an area in which humans are protected from fire hazards
or an area in which fire hazards are either absent or not exceeding the
permitted values.
1.4.70
smoke compartment
Refers to space within a structure which is limited or
surrounded by smoke barriers or structural elements which help prevent the
spread of smoke in case of fire.
1.4.71
passive fire protection for structures
Refers to the adoption of impregnation or coating, layering
of protective layers on top of structures in order to raise fire resistance
and/or reduce fire risk of the structures.
1.4.72
fire hazards
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NOTE: Fire hazards include 1) flame and flaming droplets; 2)
heat wave; 3) rising ambient temperature; 4) rising toxic substance
concentration of combustion products; 5) low oxygen concentration; 6) smoke
obscuration.
1.5 General provisions
1.5.1 When designing buildings, structural and premise - spatial arrangement
and construction engineering solutions must be implemented in order to ensure
the followings in case of fire:
- The buildings are able to maintain overall stability and
stiffness in a definite period of time as prescribed by fire resistance
category of buildings;
- All building occupants (regardless of age and health
conditions) can evacuate to safe areas outside (hereinafter referred to as
“outside”) in a timely manner before the risks to human lives and health are
present due to fire hazards;
- All rescue operations are feasible;
- Fire brigade and firefighting equipment are able to access
the fire, implement firefighting activities, rescue humans and properties;
- The fire is prevented from spreading onto neighboring
buildings, even when the burning buildings collapse;
- All direct and indirect physical damage is minimized,
including damage to the buildings and properties therein, taking into account
economic relationship between the damage and costs for fire prevention and
firefighting solutions, equipment.
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- All fire prevention and protection solutions must be
adopted according to the design in a manner conforming to applicable
regulations and standards and approved by the competent authority;
- Fire prevention and firefighting requirements of
construction in progress and auxiliary constructions, fire prevention and
firefighting regulations in construction as per fire prevention and
firefighting laws must be adequately implemented;
- All firefighting equipment must be equipped and ready for
use;
- Safe evacuation, rescue operations, and property
protection in case of fire during construction process and at construction
sites must be guaranteed.
1.5.3 During use:
- All building sections and operation of fire protection
system must conform to design requirements and technical documents thereof;
- Regulations on fire prevention and firefighting as per
applicable laws must be implemented;
- Structural solutions, premise - spatial arrangement, and
engineering solutions must not be altered without approved design as per the
law;
- Structural elements and materials that do not meet
requirements under applicable regulations and standards are not allowed for use
in repair operations
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1.5.4 When analyzing fire risk of buildings, calculated scenarios based on
correlation between parameters such as contribution to the fire, the spread of
fire hazards, human evacuation, and firefighting operations can be utilized.
2 FIRE-RELATED TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATIONS
2.1 Fire risk classification of construction materials
2.1.1 Purpose of classification
2.1.1.1 The classification of construction materials and substances based on
fire risks shall be implemented in order to establish fire safety requirements
for these materials and substances, and use, preservation, transport,
processing, and disposal thereof.
2.1.1.2 In order to establish fire safety requirements for building structures,
constructions, and fire protection systems, construction materials shall be
classified by fire risks.
2.1.2 Classification criteria
Fire risks of construction materials are determined based on
fire-related technical specifications:
- Combustibility;
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- Flame spread;
- Smoke production;
- Toxic potency.
2.1.3 Combustibility classification
2.1.3.1 By combustibility, construction materials are classified into non-combustible
materials and combustible materials.
2.1.3.2 Non-combustible materials are those with combustibility criteria
(temperature increase, loss of sample mass, duration of sustained flaming)
under B.1.1, Appendix B.
Non-combustible materials are not subject to regulations on
fire risks and not subject to determination of other criteria (see B.1.1,
Appendix B)
2.1.3.3 Combustible materials shall be classified into 4 classes:
- Ch1 (mildly flammable);
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- Ch3 (flammable);
- Ch4 (highly flammable).
Combustibility and construction materials classified by
combustibility are determined under B.1.2, Appendix B
2.1.4 Ignitability classification
By ignitability, combustible construction materials are
classified into 3 classes:
- BC1 (barely ignitable);
- BC2 (moderately ignitable);
- BC3 (ignitable).
Classification of construction material based on
ignitability shall be determined under B.1.3 of Appendix B
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By flame spread, combustible construction materials are
classified into 4 classes
LT1 (no spread);
LT2 (limited spread);
LT3 (moderate spread);
LT4 (rapid spread).
Classification of flame spread applies to flooring and
roofing materials, including carpets, according to B.1.4 of Appendix B
Other construction materials are not required to be
classified by flame spread.
2.1.6 Smoke production classification
By smoke production, combustible construction materials are
classified into 3 classes:
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- SK2 (moderate smoke production);
- SK3 (high smoke production).
Classification of construction materials by smoke production
is determined under B.1.5 of Appendix B.
2.1.7 Toxic potency classification
By classification of combustion products, combustible
construction materials are classified into 4 classes:
- DT1 (low toxic potency);
- DT2 (moderate toxic potency);
- DT3 (high toxic potency);
- DT4 (very high toxic potency).
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2.1.8 Fire risk classification
2.1.8.1 By fire risks, construction materials are classified into CV0, CV1, CV2,
CV3, CV4, and CV5 in ascending order fire risk level.
NOTE: Fire risk level of construction materials is
determined by a combination of criteria under 2.1.2.
2.1.8.2 Fire risk levels of construction materials are specified under B.1.7,
Appendix B.
2.2 Structural elements
2.2.1 Purpose of classification
2.2.1.1 Structural elements are classified by fire resistance and fire risks
2.2.1.2 Structural elements are classified by fire resistance in order to
determine their use in buildings, constructions, and fire compartments with a
definite fire-resistance rating or to determine fire-resistance rating of
buildings, constructions, and fire compartments.
2.2.13 Structural elements are classified by fire risks in order to determine
their contribution to the fire and formation of fire hazards.
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2.2.2.1 Depending on the ability of structural elements of buildings and
constructions to resist the fire and the spread of fire hazards in standard
testing conditions, their fire resistance shall be classified as follows:
- Not required;
- No less than 15 minutes;
- No less than 30 minutes;
- No less than 45 minutes;
- No less than 60 minutes;
- No less than 90 minutes;
- No less than 120 minutes;
- No less than 150 minutes;
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- No less than 240 minutes.
2.2.2.2 Fire-resistance rating of structural elements shall be determined under
standard testing conditions. Fire-resistance rating of load bearing and
sheltering structural elements under standard testing conditions or calculated
results shall be expressed by the amount of time after which one or several
limit states subsequently occur:
- Loss of stability (expressed by the letter R);
- Loss of integrity (expressed by the letter E);
- Loss of insulation (expressed by the letter I) as
temperature of the non-burning surface reaches the limit value;
Loss of limitation of heat radiation (expressed by the
letter W) as heat flux measured from a definite distance from the non-burning
surface of the structural elements/structures reaches the limit value;
NOTE 1: Fire-resistance rating of structural elements is
determined by using combustibility test under TCVN 9311-1 through TCVN 9311-8
or equivalent standards or by using calculations according to approved fire
resistance design standards.
Fire-resistance ratings of smoke and air ducts shall be
determined in accordance with ISO 6944 or equivalent standards.
NOTE 2: The required fire-resistance ratings of specific structural
elements are specified under this Regulation and Technical regulations of each
construction. The required fire-resistance rating of structural elements are
expressed by REI, REW, EI, EW, EIW, RE, or R accompanied by the duration of
sustaining fire in minutes. For example: If a structural element has required
fire-resistance rating of REI 120, the structural element must be able to
maintain its stability, integrity, and insulation for 120 minutes while being
affected by the fire. If a structural element has required fire-resistance
rating of R 60, the structural element must be able to maintain its stability
for 60 minutes while being affected by the fire regardless of insulation and
integrity.
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a) The structural element shares similar design and
technical characteristics with a combustibility test sample whose
fire-resistance rating as determined by the test is not lower than the required
fire-resistance rating of the structural element.
b) Fire-resistance rating of the structural element as
determined by calculations according to applicable fire resistance standards is
not lower than the required fire-resistance rating of structural element.
c) The structural element has design and technical
characteristics matching those of structural elements which are listed under
Appendix F together with respective nominal fire-resistance ratings not lower
than the required fire-resistance rating of the structural element.
2.2.3 Classification of structural elements by fire risks
2.2.3.1 By fire risks, structural elements are classified into 4 levels:
K0 (no fire risks);
K1 (limited fire risks);
K2 (moderate fire risks),
K3 (fire risks).
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NOTE 1: Without testing, structural elements are placed
under fire risk levels as follows:
a) K0 - when the structural elements are made solely from
non-combustible materials;
b) K1 - when outer surface of the structural elements are
made from materials that are classified as Ch1, BC1, and SK1 or higher in terms
of safety;
c) K2 - when outer surface of the structural elements are
made from materials that are classified as Ch2, BC2, and SK2 or higher in terms
of safety;
d) K3 - when outer surface of the structural elements are
made from materials that are classified as either Ch3 or BC3 or SK3
NOTE 2: Glass façade of a building is considered a K0 structural
element if all its parts (including those connected to the building) are made
from non-combustible materials. Sealant network and outer coating that are up
to 0,3 mm in thickness (if any) can be ignored for this purpose
2.3 Fire protection assembly
2.3.1 Purpose of classification
Fire protection assembly is classified based on methods for
preventing the spread of fire hazards and fire resistance in order to select structures
and opening protectives of fire protection assembly with appropriate
fire-resistance rating and fire risk levels.
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2.3.2.1 Fire protection assembly includes fire-resistance-rated walls, fire-resistance-rated
partitions, and fire-resistance-rated floors and are classified in accordance
with Schedule 1.
NOTE: In addition to the aforementioned fire protection
assembly, other measures such as fire curtains, water curtains, fire separation
distance, and areas without fire load are also employed to prevent flame spread.
2.3.2.2 Opening protectives of fire protection assembly (such as fire-resistance-rated
doors, hatches, fire dampers, windows, fire curtains) that are dependent on
fire-resistance rating of the separation are classified according to Schedule
2.
NOTE: Fire-resistance rating of fire dampers in air
distribution systems shall be determined in accordance with ISO 10294 or
equivalent standards. Fire-resistance rating of doors, windows, and shutters
shall be determined in accordance with TCVN 9383 or equivalent standards.
2.3.2.3 Fire protection vestibules located in openings of fire protection
assembly that are dependent on structures of fire protection vestibules shall
be classified into type 1 and type 2 fire protection vestibules
2.3.3 Requirements for fire protection assembly
2.3.3.1 Fire protection assembly is employed to prevent fire and combustion
products from spreading from a fire compartment or from a room on fire to other
rooms.
2.3.3.2 Fire protection assembly is characterized by fire resistance and fire
risks.
Fire resistance of a fire protection assembly shall be
determined by fire resistance of all its constituents, including:
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- Structural elements that stabilize separating structures
(frames, bracing, and similar);
- Structural elements that support separating structures
(supporting beams, supporting walls, and similar);
- Joints thereof.
Fire-resistance ratings by loss of stability (R) of structural
elements that stabilize separating structures, structural elements that support
separating structures, and joints thereof must not be lower than the required
fire-resistance ratings of the separating structures.
Fire risks of fire protection assembly shall be determined
by fire risks of the separating structures together with those of connecting
parts and structural elements that stabilize the separating structures.
2.3.3.3 Fire-resistance ratings and types of structural elements working as fire
protection assembly, respective opening protectives, and fire protection
vestibules are specified under Schedule 1.
2.3.3.4 Type 1 fire protection assembly must have K0 fire risk level. In
specific cases, K1 fire risk level is allowed in type 2 through type 4 fire
protection assembly.
2.3.3.5 Fire-resistance ratings of protectives of openings of fire protection
assembly are specified under Schedule 2.
Schedule 1 - Fire-resistance ratings
and types of structural elements working as fire protection assembly,
respective opening protectives, and fire protection vestibules
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Types of fire protection assembly
Fire-resistance ratings of fire
protection assembly
Types of protectives of openings
of fire protection assembly
Types of fire protection
vestibules
1. Fire-resistance-rated wall
1
REI 150
1
1
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REI 45
2
2
2. Fire-resistance-rated partition
1
EI 45
2
1
2
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3
2
3. Fire-resistance-rated partitions with glass area
exceeding 25% of partition area
1
EIW 45 1)
2
1
2
EIW 15 1)
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2
4. Fire-resistance-rated floors
1
REI 150
1
1
2
REI 60
2
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3
REI 45
2
1
4
REl 15
3
2
In regard to materials other than glass, adopt EI
parameters; in regard to glass sections, adopt EW parameters. Fire-resistance-rated
partitions that have been tested and qualified for EI parameters, including
the glass section, shall be considered to be qualified for EW parameters.
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Types of opening protectives of fire
protection assembly
Types of opening protectives of fire
protection assembly
Fire-resistance rating
1. Doors (except for: doors with glass sections exceeding
25% of door area; smoke-proof doors), hatches, fire dampers 1),
fire curtains
1
El 60
2
El 30
3
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2. Doors with glass sections exceeding 25% of door area
1
EIW 60 2)
2
EIW 30 2)
3
EIW 15 2)
3. Hoistway doors (if required for fire-resistance
ratings)
2
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4. Windows
1
E 60
2
E 30
3
E 15
1) Fire-resistance ratings of fire dampers are allowed to be rated for
integrity (E) if these dampers are fitted inside channels, ducts, and
pipelines which are rated for both integrity and (E) and insulation (I).
2) In regard to materials other than glass, adopt EI parameters; in
regard to glass sections, adopt EW parameters. Doors that have been tested
and qualified for EI parameters, including the glass sections, shall be
considered to be qualified for EW parameters
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NOTE: If the inside of fire protection assembly is fitted
with doors, hatches, dampers, windows, blinds or fire protection vestibules
where these protectives are located, the doors, fire dampers, and fire
protection vestibules must also have fire prevention capacity appropriate to
the type of fire protection assembly under Schedule 1.
Schedule 3 - Requirements for parts
of fire protection vestibules
Types of fire protection
vestibules
Types of parts of fire protection
vestibules
Partitions
Floors
Opening protectives
1
1
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2
2
4
3
2.4 Staircase and stairwell
2.4.1 Purpose of classification
Staircases and stairwells are classified in order to
determine their requirements pertaining to premise - spatial arrangement and
structural solutions and to establish requirements for using them as means of
egress for humans
2.4.2 Classification of staircase
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Type 1 - indoor staircase, positioned in a stairwell;
Type 2 - indoor staircase, open;
Type 3 - outdoor staircase, open.
NOTE 1: “Open” means the staircase is not enclosed in a
stairwell.
NOTE 2: Illustrations pertaining to types of staircases are
depicted under Appendix I.
2.4.2.2 Fire escape stairs serving firefighting and rescue purposes shall be
classified into 2 types as follows:
- P1 - vertical ladder;
- P2 - stairs with rise to run ratio not exceeding 6:1 (not
exceeding 80o)
2.4.3 Classification of stairwell
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- Regular stairwell;
- Smokeproof stairwell
NOTE: Illustrations pertaining to types of stairwells are
depicted under Appendix I.
2.4.3.2 Regular stairwells shall be further classified as follows:
- L1 - stairwell that receives natural lighting via openings
(either blank or fitted with glass) on the exterior walls of each storey or
does not receive natural lighting in case it is intended for exit from
semi-basements;
- L2 - stairwell that receives natural lighting via openings
(either blank or fitted with glass) on the roof.
2.4.3.3 Smokeproof stairwells shall be further classified depending on smoke
protection measures as follows:
- N1 - stairwell whose entry on each storey travels through
a buffer area along open passages (see part 3 for cases of N1 stairwells);
NOTE: N1 stairwell can be substituted by a stairwell whose
entry on each storey travels through a vestibule. Both vestibules and
stairwells must contain positive pressure in case of fire. The supply of air
into vestibules and stairwells must be independent of each other.
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- N3 - stairwell whose entry on each storey travels through
a fire protection vestibule which always has positive pressure (pressure in the
fire protection vestibule is greater than that outside of the fire protection
vestibule).
2.5 Buildings, constructions, and fire compartments
2.5.1 Purpose of classification
The fire-related technical classification for buildings,
constructions, and fire compartments serve to establish fire safety
requirements for fire prevention and fire protection systems of buildings and
constructions depending on their occupancies (purposes) and fire risks.
2.5.2 Classification criteria
The fire-related technical classification for buildings,
constructions, and fire compartments shall take into account the following
criteria:
- Fire resistance category;
- Fire risk level of structures;
- Fire risk categories by function.
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2.5.3.1 Buildings, constructions, and fire compartments shall be classified into
5 fire resistance categories of I, II, III, IV, and V.
2.5.3.2 Establish fire resistance category of buildings, constructions, and fire
compartments
Fire resistance category of buildings, constructions, and fire
compartments is established on the basis of number of storey (or fire height),
fire risk category by functions, area of fire compartment (see Appendix H) and
fire risk of technology procedures that take place in the buildings,
constructions, and fire compartments.
2.5.3.3 The required fire-resistance rating of structures must be selected to
remain appropriate to fire resistance category of buildings, constructions, and
fire compartments. Unless otherwise stated hereunder, the correspondence
between fire resistance category of buildings, constructions, fire compartments
and fire-resistance ratings of their structures shall conform to Schedule 4.
Schedule 4 - Correspondence between
fire resistance category of buildings, constructions, fire compartments and
fire-resistance ratings of their structural elements
Fire resistance category of
buildings, constructions, fire compartments
Fire-resistance ratings of structural
elements, no less than
Load bearing walls, load bearing
pillars, and other load bearing components
Non-load bearing exterior walls
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Roof structures without attics
Structural elements of stairwell
Roof tiles (including tiles with
insulation)
Truss, beams, purlins
Inner wall
Stringer and landings
I
R 120
E 30
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RE 30
R 30
REI 120
R 60
II
R 90
E 15
REI 45
RE 15
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REI 90
R 60
II
R 45
E 15
REI 45
RE 15
R 15
REI 60
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IV
R 15
E 15
REI 15
RE 15
R 15
REI 45
R 15
V
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NOTE 1: In buildings with fire resistance categories I,
II, and III, the floor and ceiling of basements, semi-basements must be made
from non-combustible materials and be rated for REI 90 at the minimum. The
floor of the first storey and the topmost storey must be made from materials
not lower than Ch1 in terms of combustibility. In buildings with fire
resistance categories of IV and V, the floor and ceiling of basements,
semi-basements must be made from materials not lower than Ch1 in terms of
combustibility and be rated for REI 45 at the minimum.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings of roof tiles (including
thermal insulation tiles) and purlins thereof (other than buildings, fire
compartments, and rooms placed under F3.1 or F3.2 fire risk categories by
functions, F5 fire risk category warehouses, manufacturing facilities, and
other buildings, rooms, fire compartments of class A, B, or C) are not
required if all of the following conditions are met:
The underside of the purlins are at least 6,1 m away from
the floor directly below them;
Roof tiles and purlins are made from either
non-combustible materials or mildly flammable materials (Ch1).
NOTE 3: In regard to buildings (F1.3 buildings and multipurpose
buildings) with 2 or 3 basements, load bearing structures and structural
elements in the basements must be rated for at least R 120.
NOTE 4: Floor of rooms where combustible liquid is
produced or preserved must be made from non-combustible materials.
NOTE 5: A part of the non-load bearing exterior wall is not
required to be subject to fire protection measures. The area that is not
required to be subject to fire protection measures shall be determined in
accordance with E.3, Appendix E.
NOTE 6: Fire-resistance ratings of non-load bearing exterior
wall are not required when all of the following conditions are met:
- The entire building is equipped with automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with the TCVN 7336;
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- Non-load bearing exterior wall of the building has K0
fire risk level. Finishing materials of exterior wall (if any) are
non-combustible materials or mildly flammable (Ch1) with no spread capacity
(LT1) or higher.
Load bearing walls, load bearing pillars, frames, solid
partitions, floor components between storeys and roof without attics (such as
beams, rafters, purlins, floor tiles, roof tiles) shall be considered load
bearing components of buildings if they can maintain general structure and spatial
stability of buildings in case of fire.
Information on the aforementioned load bearing components of
the buildings must be specified in the building’s technical dossiers by
designing entities.
Fire-resistance ratings and fire risk levels are not required
for roof structures and structural elements that contain attics in buildings
with all fire resistance categories. Fire-resistance ratings of gable structures
of attics are not required as long as fire risk level of the gables must be
equivalent to that of surrounding walls. Structural elements and structures of
roofs which contain attics must be instructed by the designing entities in the
building’s technical dossiers.
Fire-resistance ratings are not required for opening
protectives (doors, windows, hatches), skylights, light-transmitting windows on
the roof, and translucent roofing sheets except for protectives of openings on fire
protection assembly and otherwise mentioned cases.
If the minimum required fire-resistance ratings of structural
elements are R 15 (RE 15, REI 15), unprotected steel structures are allowed for
use if their fire-resistance rating is at least R 8 according to tests or
calculations, or if section factor Am/V is less than or equal to 250
m-1.
NOTE: Section factor Am/V shall be determined in
accordance with the ISO 834-10 or equivalent standards
In N1 smokeproof stairwells, stringers and landings rated
for R 15 with fire risk level K0 are allowed for use.
Fire compartments shall be separated by type 1 fire-resistance-rated
walls and/or type 1 fire-resistance-rated floors. A vertical fire compartment
can be divided by a mechanical floor which is separated from adjacent storeys
by type 2 fire-resistance-rated floors if vertical continuity of type 1 fire-resistance-rated
walls is not disrupted. Fire compartments in buildings with fire resistance
categories IV and V can be separated by type 2 fire-resistance-rated walls.
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2.5.4.1 Buildings, constructions, and fire compartments shall be classified into
4 fire risk levels of structures of S0, S1, S2, and S3 depending on fire risks
of structural elements.
2.5.4.2 Establish fire risk levels of structures of buildings, constructions,
and fire compartments
Fire risk levels of structures of buildings, constructions,
and fire compartments shall be determined by number of storeys, fire risk
categories by functions, fire compartment, and fire risks of technology
procedures that are adopted in the buildings, constructions, and fire
compartments.
2.5.4.3 Correspondence between fire risks levels of structures of buildings and
fire risk levels of structural elements
Fire risk levels of structural elements must correspond to
fire risk levels of structures of buildings, constructions, and fire
compartments. The correspondence between fire risk levels of structures of
buildings, constructions, fire compartments and the chosen fire risk levels of
their structural elements are specified under Schedule 5.
2.5.4.4 Fire risk levels are not required for opening protectives located on enclosing
structures of buildings (doors, windows, hatches), skylights, and light-transmitting
windows on the roof, except for opening protectives in fire protection assembly.
NOTE: If fire-resistance ratings or fire risk levels of structures
cannot be determined via standard fire resistance test or calculations when
building members or member structures, fire resistance tests must be carried
out for parts of the structures in accordance with applied standard documents.
Schedule 5 - Correspondence between
fire risk levels of structures of buildings, constructions, fire compartments
and fire risk levels of structural elements
Fire risk levels of structures of
buildings, constructions, and fire compartments
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Load bearing elements (pillars,
columns, beams, and similar)
Exterior walls
Walls, partitions, floors
separating storeys, and roofs without attics
Walls of stairwells; fire
protection assembly
Stringers and landings in
stairwells
S0
K0
K0
K0
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K0
S1
K1
K2
K1
K0
K0
S2
K3
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K2
K1
K1
S3
No regulations
K1
K3
2.5.5 Fire risk categories by functions of buildings,
constructions, fire compartments, and rooms
2.5.5.1 Buildings and parts thereof (fire compartments, rooms or series of rooms
with related occupancies) shall be divided into fire risk categories by
functions depending on their use, level of threat to occupant’s safety in case
of fire while taking into account age, physical conditions, the possibility of
sleeping occupants, people using the primary occupancies of the buildings and
number thereof. Fire risk categories by functions are specified under Schedule
6.
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2.5.5.3 If a building which is placed under a specific fire risk category by
functions is allowed to contain rooms or series of rooms which are placed under
other fire risk categories by functions, additional conditions according to
design standards of specific building forms and technical equipment must be
strictly complied with in addition to this Regulation.
Schedule 6 - Building classification1)
based on fire risk category by functions
Category
Purpose
Use properties
F1
Buildings for permanent or temporary accommodation
(including 24-hour stay)
Rooms in these buildings are used regardless of time of
day. Occupants may vary in age and physical conditions. These buildings are characterized
by the presence of sleeping units.
F1.1
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F1.2
Hotels, hostels, models, rented houses; dorms, tenements, sleeping
units of nursing, recovery, intensive care, orthopaedic facilities, and other
accommodation facilities with similar occupancies.
F1.3
Apartment buildings and buildings with similar occupancies
F1.4
Detached houses, and buildings with similar occupancies.
F2
Buildings of sports and cultural establishments
Primary rooms of these buildings are characterized by the
large number of occupants in a definite amount of time.
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Theaters, cinemas, circuses, concert halls; clubs,
nightclubs, discotheques, bars, singing rooms, karaoke venues, and other
similar establishments in enclosed spaces, sports constructions with
bleachers, stadiums, indoor stadiums; libraries; convention centers, event
centers not including food and drink services, and other buildings with
similar occupancies and calculated number of seats for occupants in enclosed
spaces.
F2.2
Museums, exhibits; dance studios; building blocks of
recreational structures, aquariums, and buildings with similar occupancies.
F2.3
Buildings of establishments mentioned under F2.1 but in
the outdoors, recreational parks; and buildings with similar occupancies.
F2.4
Buildings of establishments mentioned under F2.2 but in
the outdoors.
F3
Buildings of commercial, trade, and residential service
establishments
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F3.1
Buildings of good retailers, goods exhibits, fairs,
shopping malls, electronic shopping malls, supermarkets, department stores,
convenient stores; bookstores; motorcycle, motor vehicle retailers; and
buildings with similar occupancies.
F3.2
Restaurants, food and drink establishments, rest stops;
convention centers and event centers that include food and drink services;
and buildings with similar occupancies.
F3.3
Railway stations, airports, cable car terminals, ferry
terminals, coach stations; and buildings with similar occupancies.
F3.4
(out-patient) medical examination and treatment
establishments for general medicine, specialized medicine, and intensive
care; out-patient wards of other medical establishments such as medical
stations, orthopaedic establishments, beauty centers, intensive care centers;
buildings of massage services; and buildings with similar occupancies
F3.5
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F3.6
Sports compounds and training grounds, competition grounds
without bleachers; service rooms; stadiums, race tracks, shooting ranges; and
buildings with similar occupancies.
F4
Education and training establishments, head offices,
science, research, and design organizations, presiding authorities
Rooms in these buildings are occupied in certain time of
day by a definite group of people who are accustomed to the location and have
determined age and physical conditions.
F4.1
Primary schools, lower secondary schools, multi-level
schools (not including preschools and kindergartens), upper secondary
schools, professional secondary schools, vocational education and training
establishments, training schools for teenagers operating in religion sector,
and buildings with similar occupancies.
F4.2
Universities, colleges, academies, intermediate
professional education, professional training schools, engineering education
establishments; training schools for people operating in religion sector
other those under F4.1; and buildings with similar occupancies.
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Head offices of presiding authorities and state
authorities of all levels, work places of office employees of enterprises;
head offices of political organizations, socio-political organizations; head
offices of socio-occupational organizations, public service providers,
enterprises, and other organizations, individuals; head offices of religions;
designing organizations, scientific research organizations, seismic research
stations, meteorology and hydrology stations, space research facilities;
communication organizations and publishing houses; radio broadcasting
organizations, television broadcasting organizations, telecommunication
organizations, communication device installation service providers, banks, agencies,
offices; and buildings with similar occupancies.
F4.4
Fire and rescue stations.
F5
Buildings, constructions, and rooms for manufacturing,
production, and storage
Rooms in these buildings are characterized by constant
presence of employees, including those working regardless of time of day.
F5.1
Manufacturing facilities, manufacturing and experimenting
rooms, factories, repair and maintenance shops for motor vehicles,
motorcycles; and buildings with similar occupancies.
F5.2
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F5.3
Buildings serving agriculture and rural development
purposes.
1) This Schedule applies to buildings, constructions, fire compartments,
rooms or series of rooms whose occupancies are related to one another.
2.5.6 Classification of buildings, constructions, and rooms
with manufacturing and storage occupancies by fire and explosion risks
2.5.6.1 Purpose of classification
The classification of buildings, constructions, and rooms
with manufacturing and storage occupancies is implemented in order to establish
fire safety requirements, prevent the risk of fire, and ensure fire protection
for humans and properties in case of fire in the buildings, constructions, and
rooms.
2.5.6.2 Classification of rooms
2.5.6.2.1 By fire and explosion risks, rooms with manufacturing and
storage occupancies shall be classified as follows:
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- Fire and explosion risk (B);
- Fire risk (C1, C2, C3, and C4)
- Moderate fire risk (D);
- Low fire risk (E).
Rooms with manufacturing and storage occupancies shall be
elaborated under Appendix C.
2.5.6.2.2 Buildings, constructions, and rooms with other occupancies
shall not be classified by fire and explosion risks.
2.5.6.2.3 Fire and explosion risk classes of rooms shall be determined
on the basis of combustible substances and materials present in the rooms,
quantity and fire risk thereof, premise - spatial solutions of the rooms, and
characteristics of technology procedures that take place in the rooms.
2.5.6.2.4 The classification of rooms by fire and explosion risks
shall be carried out by inspecting rooms for indicators of the classes from (A)
to (E) under Schedule C.1 of Appendix C.
2.5.6.3 Classification of buildings and constructions
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2.5.6.3.2 Fire and explosion risk classes of buildings and
constructions shall be determined on the basis of percentage and total area of
rooms of certain fire and explosion risk classes in the buildings and
constructions.
2.5.6.3.3 The classification of buildings and constructions is
specified under Appendix C.
3 HUMAN SAFETY ASSURANCE
3.1 General provisions
3.1.1 The requirements in this section aim to ensure:
- Timely and unobstructed evacuation of humans;
- Rescue of people affected by fire hazards;
- Protection for people escaping via means of egress from
fire hazards.
3.1.2 Evacuation means the organized and voluntary movement of people from
rooms and areas where they are vulnerable to fire hazards to the outside. Evacuation
can also mean involuntary movement of people with mobility impairment and is
usually done by their caregivers. Evacuation is done along means of egress via exit
accesses.
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3.1.4 Human protection along means of egress must be ensured by a combination
of premise - spatial solutions, convenience, structural, and organization
solutions.
All means of egress accessible from a room must ensure safe
evacuation through exit accesses from that room without taking into account
smoke protection and fire extinguishing equipment present in this room.
Protection for means of egress beyond the room must be
calculated in order to ensure safety for humans and must take into account fire
risk categories by functions of other rooms located on the exit accesses,
number of evacuating people, fire resistance categories and fire risk levels of
structures of buildings, number of exit accesses on a storey and in the entire
building.
Fire risks of construction materials on the surface of the
structures (finishing layers and tiles) in rooms and along means of egress must
be limited depending on fire risk categories by functions of the buildings and
rooms and other protective measures for exit accesses.
3.1.5 When designing exit accesses from rooms and buildings, all rescue
measures and equipment and exits that are not qualified for exit access
requirements under 3.2.1 must not be taken into account.
3.1.6 F5 rooms of class A or class B must not be positioned below rooms with
occupant load of more than 50 people and must not be positioned in basements or
semi-basements.
F1.1, F1.2, and F1.3 must not be positioned in basements or
semi-basements.
3.1.7 In regard to buildings with 2 to 3 basements, smoking rooms,
supermarkets, shopping malls, food and beverage vendors, and other public
spaces can be positioned lower than the first basement only when additional
fire safety measures according to applied standard documents are adopted and
approved by competent authorities in accordance with 1.1.10.
In regard to hospitals and high schools, rooms serving primary
occupancies must be positioned in the semi-basement or the first basement (if
there is no semi-basement) or higher. The first basement means the highest
basement or the basement that is adjacent to the semi-basement.
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3.1.8 In order to ensure safe evacuation, early fire detection and alarm are
required.
3.1.9 In order to protect people evacuating, smoke protection must be
implemented to prevent smoke from infiltrating means of egress of buildings and
building sections.
Basic requirements for smoke protection systems of buildings
are specified under Appendix D.
3.1.10 All equipment of fire protection system in buildings must be prioritized
for electricity supply from 2 independent sources (a grid-connected source and
a backup generator).
NOTE: Electrical appliances that have separate backup power
sources (such as diesel backup pumps, safety cabinets with backup batteries)
only requires the grid-connected source as long as the backup power source can
function normally in case of fire.
3.1.11 The effectiveness of human safety assurance measures in case of fire can
be evaluated via calculation.
3.2 Exit accesses and fire exits
3.2.1 Exits are considered exit accesses if:
a) They lead from rooms on the first storey to the outside:
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- Via corridors; or
- Via lobbies (or waiting areas); or
- Via staircases; or
- Via corridors and lobbies (or waiting areas); or
- Via corridors and staircases.
b) They lead from rooms on any storey other than the first
storey to:
- Stairwell or type 3 staircases directly; or
- Corridors that lead directly to stairwells or type 3
staircases; or
- Common rooms (or waiting areas) with exits that lead
directly to stairwells or type 3 staircases; or
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- Occupied roof or separate section of the roof which leads
to type 3 staircases.
c) They lead to adjacent rooms (other than F5 rooms of class
A or class B) located on the same storey with exits as depicted under 3.2.1 a)
and b). Exits leading to rooms of class A or class B can be considered exit
accesses if they lead from mechanical rooms that are not regularly occupied but
used solely to support the aforementioned rooms of class A and class B.
d) They lead to exits meeting requirements under 3.2.2 and
other exit accesses mentioned in this document.
NOTE: If type 3 staircases are used for exit access,
calculations pertaining to evacuation must be done accordance with Appendix G.
3.2.2 Exits from basements and semi-basements are considered exit accesses if
they lead directly outside and are separated from common stairwells of the
buildings (see Figure I.1 of Appendix I).
The following exits are also considered exit accesses:
a) Exits from basements that go outside through common
stairwells via separate walkways and are separated from the remaining section
of the stairwells by type 1 solid fire-resistance-rated partitions (see Figure
I.2 of Appendix I);
b) Exits from basements and semi-basements where rooms of
class C1 to class C4, class D, and class E are located which lead into rooms of
class C1 to class C4, class D, and class E and into lobbies on the first storey
of F5 buildings;
c) Exits from waiting areas, locker rooms, smoking rooms,
and toilets in basements or semi-basements of F2, F3, and F4 buildings that
lead into lobbies on the first storey via separate type 2 staircases. If this
is the case, the following requirements must be met:
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- Rooms on the first storey and storeys above must have
means of egress that do not travel through these lobbies (except for rooms in
the lobbies);
- Finishing materials of waiting areas, locker rooms,
smoking rooms, and toilets in basements or semi-basements must fulfill
requirements applicable to common rooms according to Appendix B;
Locker rooms must have enough exit accesses according to
this Regulation excluding the exit accesses along type 2 staircases mentioned
above.
d) Hinged doors for railway and road transport vehicles.
Vestibules can be positioned on exit discharges from
buildings, basements, and semi-basements.
3.2.3 Exits are not considered exit accesses if sliding doors, folding doors,
roller shutters, or revolving doors are installed along the way.
Hinged outswinging leaves fitted in the aforementioned doors
can be considered exit accesses if their design meets regulations.
3.2.4 Quantity and width of exit accesses from rooms, storeys, and buildings
shall be determined by the largest number of people possibly evacuating through
them and the maximum permissible distance from the furthest occupied areas (for
domestic or work purposes) to the nearest exit accesses.
NOTE 1: The largest number of people evacuating from
different spaces of buildings or building sections shall conform to G.3 of
Appendix G
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Building sections with different occupancies and separated
by fire protection assembly must have separate exit accesses, except specific
cases specified in this document.
Building sections with different occupancies and separated
into fire compartments by fire protection assembly must have separate exit
accesses from each storey. Up to 50% of total number of exit accesses can lead
to adjacent fire compartments (except for exit accesses that lead to F5 fire
compartments). F5 building sections must have separate exit accesses.
3.2.5 The following rooms must have at least 2 exit accesses:
a) F1.1 rooms with occupant load of more than 15 people;
b) Rooms in basements and semi-basements with occupant load
of more than 15 people; the case where rooms in basements and semi-basements have
occupant load ranging from 6 to 15 people, one of the 2 exit accesses can be a
fire exit according requirements of 3.2.13 d);
c) Rooms with occupant load of at least 50 people;
d) Rooms (other than F5 rooms) with occupant load of less
than 50 people (including bleachers and opera boxes) where the maximum distance
from occupied areas to exit accesses exceeds 25 m. If exit accesses leading to the
rooms in question are connected from adjacent rooms with occupant load of more
than 5 people, the maximum distance mentioned above must include the travel length
for people from the adjacent rooms as well.
e) Rooms and adjacent spaces whose exits only lead to the
rooms in question with occupant load of at least 50 people;
f) F5 rooms of class A or class B with more than 5 people
working in a shift at its peak, or class C with more than 25 people working in
a shift at its peak or when the rooms are larger than 1 000 m2;
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If the rooms are required to have at least 2 exit accesses,
50% of the number of exit accesses can lead to an adjacent room as long as the
adjacent room must also contain exit accesses compliant to this Regulation and
standard documents applicable to that room.
3.2.6 Number of exit accesses of storeys
3.2.6.1 The following storeys must have at least 2 exit accesses:
a) Storeys of F1.1, F1.2, F2.1, F2.2, F3, and F4 buildings;
b) Storeys with occupant load of at least 50 people;
c) Storeys of F1.3 buildings when total flat area per storey
exceeds 500 m2 (in case of single-stair buildings, calculate the
area on a storey of the single-stair building). If total flat area on a storey
does not exceed 500 m2 and there is only one exit access from that
storey, each flat located at a height above 15 m must accommodate a fire exit
in accordance with 3.2.13 in addition to the exit accesses;
d) Storeys of F5 buildings, either class A or class B when
there are more than 5 people working in a shift or class C when there are more
than 25 people working in a shift;
e) Basements and semi-basements larger than 300 m2
or with occupant load of more than 15 people.
3.2.6.2 A single exit access is allowed in the following cases (except for
buildings with fire resistance category V):
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- In regard to buildings with fire height not exceeding 15
m, area of the storey in question must not exceed 300 m2. In regard
to buildings with fire height from exceeding 15 m to 21 m, area of the storey
in question must not exceed 200 m2.
- The entire buildings are protected by automatic sprinkler
system;
- Each storey with occupant load not exceeding 20 people;
- In regard to buildings with more than 3 storey or with
fire height exceeding 9 m: equipped with type 2 fire-resistance-rated doors on exit
accesses of each storey that lead into exit access stairwells.
- In regard to buildings with 3 storeys or less or with fire
height not exceeding 9 m: type 2 stairwells can substitute the aforementioned
stairwells as long as building occupants can exit via open balconies or open
rooftop in case of fire (except for mansions, villas, accommodations which are prescribed
as below).
NOTE: Open balcony or open rooftop means the balcony or
rooftop is not enclosed and sheltering apparatus (if any) must facilitate
evacuation and rescue for the fire brigade.
In regard to mansions, villas, and accommodations not taller
than 3 storeys and of category F1.2, stairwells mentioned above can be
substituted by type 2 stairwells when all conditions below are met:
- Each storey must not be larger than 200 m2,
fire height must not exceed 9 m, and total number of occupants must not exceed
15 people;
- Buildings have at least one exit access that leads
directly outside or into type 3 staircases;
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b) From mechanical floors or storage of mechanical equipment
which are not larger than 300 m2. If a storey contains a mechanical
area as mentioned above, every 2 000 m2 remaining must have at least
1 more exit access (if the remaining area is less than 2 000 m2, at
least 1 emergency area is required). If mechanical floor or mechanical areas
are located in the basements, their exits must be separate from other exits and
lead directly outside. If mechanical floors or mechanical areas are located on
above-ground storeys, exits can go through common stairwells or N1 stairwells
if the buildings contain N1 stairwells;
c) From storeys of F1.3 buildings where total flat area (or
total floor area in single-stair buildings) ranges from exceeding 500 m2
to 550 m2 and:
- When elevation of the topmost storey does not exceed 28 m
- exit accesses from that storey can lead into common stairwells as long as
addressable fire alarm is equipped;
- When elevation of the topmost storey exceeds 28 m - exit
accesses from that storey can lead to N1 smokeproof stairwells as long as all
rooms in flats (other than lavatories, bathrooms, and auxiliary sections) must
be equipped with addressable fire alarm or automatic fire extinguishing system.
In regard to F1.3 buildings with fire height ranging from
exceed 28 m to 50 m and total flat area on each storey reaches 500 m2, N1
stairwells can be substituted with type 2 stairwells, when the conditions below
are met: 1) Entrances from all storeys that lead into stairwells, including
openings between stairwells and lobbies must be fitted with fire protection
vestibules which is maintained at positive pressure in case of fire; 2) at
least one elevator of the building is reserved for use by the fire brigade; 3)
All rooms in the flats (other than lavatories, bathrooms, auxiliary sections)
must be equipped with addressable fire alarm or automatic fire extinguishing
system; 4)The buildings are equipped with fire siren (can be installed in
common corridors).
NOTE: Flat area includes balcony and/or loggia area.
d) From storeys (or sections of storeys separated from other
sections of the storeys by fire protection assembly) of category F4.1 when all
conditions below are met:
- The buildings' fire height does not exceed 9 m and area of
the storeys in question does not exceed 300 m2;
- The storeys in question have single-loaded corridors that
lead into type 2 open staircases or stairwells and are led to from F4.1 rooms.
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Number of exit accesses from a building must not be lower
than the number of exit accesses of any storey in the same building.
3.2.8 If at least 2 exit accesses are required, they must be distributed away
from one another and the calculation of evacuation potential of these exit
accesses must assume that the fire has denied access to one of the other exit
accesses. The remaining exit accesses must be able to ensure safe evacuation
for all occupants in the rooms, on the storeys, or in the buildings (see Figure
I.3).
When a room, a building section, or a storey requires at
least 2 exit accesses, at least 2 of these exits must be distributed away from
one another. The distance between any 2 exit accesses must be equal to or
greater than half of the greatest diagonal of the room, building section, or
storey. This distance shall be measured by a straight line connecting their
closest sides (see Figures I.4 a), b), and c)).
If the entire building is protected by automatic sprinkler
system, this distance can be reduced down to 1/3 of the greatest diagonal of
the rooms above (see Figure I.4 d)).
If 2 exit stairwells are connected via a corridor, the
distance between 2 exit accesses (doors leading to the exit stairwell) shall be
measured along the corridor (see Figure I.5). This corridor must be protected
in accordance with 3.3.5.
3.2.9 Clearance height of exit access must not be lower than 1,9 m while clear
width must not be lower than:
- 1,2 m - from F1.1 rooms if the number of evacuation people
exceeds 15, rooms and buildings of other fire risk categories by occupancies if
the number of evacuating people exceeds 50, other than F1.3 category;
- 0,8 m - in all other cases.
Width of doors leading outside from stairwells and doors
leading into lobbies from stairwells must not be lower than calculated value or
stringer width specified under 3.4.1.
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If double doors are used on exit accesses, width of exit
accesses shall equal width of the open leaf and shall not include width of the
closed leaf or fixed leaf. Double doors must be fitted with self-closing devices
so that each leaf closes in sequence.
In buildings with fire height more than 28 m (other than
F1.3 and F1.4 buildings), exit access doorways from common corridors of each
storey, common lobbies, waiting areas, foyers, stairwells (other than exit
access doorways leading directly outside) must be fire-resistance-rated doors
with fire-resistance ratings of EI 30 or higher.
3.2.10 Doors of exit accesses and other doors on means of egress must be outswinging
doors.
The direction in which the doors swing is not required in
case of:
- F1.3 and F1.4 rooms;
- Rooms with occupant load not exceeding 15 people, other
than rooms of class A or class B;
- Warehouse no larger than 200 m2 and not
regularly occupied by employees;
- Restrooms;
- Entrances leading to landings of type 3 staircases.
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Doors of exit accesses from areas (either rooms or
corridors) that are protected by mechanical smoke protection system must be
solid doors fitted with self-closing devices and their clearance must be
tightly sealed. If these doors need to be left open during use, they must be
fitted with self-closing devices that close the doors automatically in case of
fire.
Doors on stairwells must be fitted with self-closing devices
and have their clearance tightly sealed. Doors of stairwells that open directly
outside are not required to be fitted with self-closing devices or have their clearance
tightly sealed. Except for specific cases, doors of stairwells in buildings
with fire resistance category I or II must be type 1 fire-resistance-rated
doors; doors of stairwells in buildings with fire resistance category III or IV
must be type 2 fire-resistance-rated doors; doors of stairwells in buildings with
fire resistance category V must be type 3 fire-resistance-rated doors.
Other than specific regulations, doors of exit accesses
leading from corridors to stairwells used by at least 4 storeys (except for
buildings for incarceration or correctional purposes) must ensure the
followings:
a) All electronic locks installed on doors must
automatically open on activation of the building’s automatic fire alarm system.
As soon as electricity is cut, these electronic locks must open;
b) Occupants using stairwells can always come back inside
via the doors they just go through or where reentry to the buildings is
permitted;
c) Reentry points must be designed following the principle
where doors are only allowed to deny reentry if all conditions below are met:
- There are at least 2 storeys where occupants can exit the
stairwells to reach other exit accesses (i.e. reentry must be allowed on at
least 2 storeys);
- There are no more than 4 storeys between storeys where
occupants can exit the stairwells to reach other exit accesses;
- Reentry must be allowed on the topmost storey or the
storey immediately below the topmost storey which is served by exit access
stairwells if this storey allows access to another exit access;
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- Doors that do not allow reentry must be marked on the
stair side by signage which directs occupants to the nearest points of reentry
or the nearest exit accesses in both directions.
NOTE: Doors that do not allow reentry must be marked on the
corridor side (the other side of the stair side) by signage that warns
occupants that they cannot return through those doors.
3.2.12 Exits that do not qualify as exit accesses can be considered fire exits
in order to increase safety for humans in case of fire. All fire exits,
including those under 3.2.13, must not be included when calculating fire
evacuation.
3.2.13 In addition to cases mentioned under 3.2.12, fire exits also include:
a) Exit to balcony or loggia where a solid wall with minimum
clear width of 1,2 m from the edge of the balcony (or loggia) to the window (or
door fitted with glass) or 1,6 m between glass doors that open to the balcony
(or loggia) is located. Balconies or loggias must have minimum width of 0,6 m,
receive natural ventilation, and be separated from adjacent rooms by partitions
which stretch from floor to ceiling and contain openings. The solid walls
mentioned above can be replaced by glass walls with minimum fire-resistance
rating of EI 30 or EI 15 depending on fire-resistance rating of exterior wall.
b) Exit to an open outside passage whose width is at least
0,6 m and which leads to an adjacent fire subcompartment or fire compartment. Sheltering
structures/structural elements that obstruct human movement are not allowed;
c) Exit to balcony or loggia which has minimum width of 0,6
m and is equipped with external ladder which connects balcony and loggia of
each storey or balcony, loggia hatch which has minimum dimension of 0,6 x 0,8 m
and leads to lower balcony or loggia;
d) Outside exit from rooms which has finished floor
elevation not lower than negative 4,5 m and not higher than 5,0 m via windows
or doors which have minimum dimension of 0,75 m x 1,5 m or hatches, trapdoors
which have minimum dimension of 0,6 m x 0,8 m; in this case, this exit must be
equipped with ladder with any degree of slope;
e) Roof access of S0 and S1 buildings with fire resistance
categories I, II, and III via windows, doors, or hatches with dimension and
ladder as stated under d) of this Article.
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In regard to mechanical floors where technical networks are
installed (ductworks, pipelines, and similar structures), fire exits can be
facilitated via doors whose minimum dimension is 0,75 m x 1,5 m or via hatches
whose minimum dimension is 0,6 m x 0,8 m and exit accesses are not required.
In regard to mechanical floors located in basements, these
exits must be separate from other exits of the buildings and must lead outside.
3.3 Means of egress
3.3.1 All means of egress must receive illumination and direction in accordance
with TCVN 3890.
3.3.2 Maximum permissible distance from the furthest point of the room or from
the furthest work station to the nearest exit accesses which is measured along means
of egress must be limited depending on:
- Fire risk categories by functions and fire and explosion
risk classes (see Appendix C) of rooms and buildings;
- Number of people evacuating;
- Geometry parameters of rooms and means of egress;
- Fire risk levels of structures and fire resistance
categories of buildings.
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NOTE: Specific requirements pertaining to maximum
permissible distance from the furthest point to the nearest exit accesses are
prescribed under regulations applicable to each type of construction. Some
specific regulations applicable to common building types are prescribed under
Appendix G.
3.3.3 When designing and arranging means of egress, requirements under 3.2.1
must be taken into account. Exit accesses must not include elevators,
escalators, and the followings:
- Passages that travel through inner corridors from elevator
shafts, through elevator lobbies and elevator vestibules if enclosing structures
of elevator shafts, including hoistway doors, fail to meet requirements of fire
protection assembly;
- Passages that travel through landings of stairwells as
well as passages that travel through rooms where type 2 stairwells are located
and not used for evacuation purposes;
- Passages that travel along the roof, except for occupied
roofs or roof sections designed specifically for evacuation purposes;
- Passages that travel along type 2 staircases which serve
at least 3 storeys and lead from basements or semi-basements, except for
specific cases pertaining to evacuation along type 2 staircases stated under
3.2.1, 3.2.2, and 3.2.6.
3.3.4 Finishing materials, decorations of floors and ceilings (including
suspended ceilings if any), tiles and covering materials of floors on means of
egress must comply with requirements under Schedule B.8 of Appendix B.
3.3.5 Corridors on exit accesses mentioned under 3.2.1, in addition to cases
specifically mentioned in the Regulation, must not contain: equipment
projecting from the wall at a height below 2 m; pipelines carrying combustible
gas and combustible liquid and wall-mounted cabinets, except for communication
cabinets and standpipe cabinets.
Corridors, lobbies, and common rooms along means of egress
must be enclosed by appropriate fire protection assembly according to regulations
applicable to each type of construction. Fire protection assembly enclosing
means of egress of buildings with fire resistance category I must be made of
non-combustible materials with minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 30 or in
case of buildings with fire resistance categories II, III, and IV,
non-combustible or mildly flammable (Ch1) materials with minimum
fire-resistance rating of EI 15. In regard to buildings with fire resistance
category II and fire and explosion risk levels of D and E (see Appendix C),
corridors can be enclosed by glass walls. Doors that open into corridors must
be fire-resistance-rated doors with fire-resistance rating not lower than
fire-resistance rating of fire protection assembly.
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When door leaves open into corridors, width of means of
egress shall equal clean width of the corridors minus:
- Half the width of the widest open door leaves - when the
doors are situated on one side of the corridors;
The entire width of the widest open door leaves - when the
doors are situated on both sides of the corridors. This requirement does not
apply to corridors (common lobbies) between flat doors and doors leading to
stairwells in F1.3 single-stair buildings.
3.3.6 Clearance height of horizontal segments of means of egress must not be
less than 2 m, clear width of horizontal segments of means of egress and ramp
segments must not be less than:
- 1,2 m - for common corridors for evacuation of more than
15 people from F1 rooms or more than 50 people from rooms of other fire risk
categories by functions.
- 0,7 m - for passages to individual work station.
- 1,0 m - in all other cases.
In all circumstances, means of egress must be wide enough
and designed appropriately so that it does not obstruct transport of occupied
stretchers.
3.3.7 Changes of less than 45 cm in height or curbs are not allowed on means
of egress, except for door thresholds. Sections with changes to height must be
fitted with at least 3 steps of stair or made as slopes with maximum rise to
run ratio of 1:6 (a maximum rise of 10 cm over a run of 60 cm or the degree
created by the slope and the horizontal surface not greater than 9,5o).
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Except for cases mentioned under 3.4.4, spiral staircases
and curved staircases are not allowed on means of egress; steps with varying
rise height and tread depth are not allowed in the same stringer and stairwell.
Mirrors are not allowed on means of egress.
3.4 Staircases and stairways on means of egress
3.4.1 Width of stringers for human evacuation, including stringers in
stairwells, must not be lower than calculated width or width of any exit access
doorways in the stairwells and must not be lower than:
- 1,35 m - for F1.1 buildings;
- 1,2 m - for buildings with occupant load on any storey
other than the first storey exceeding 200 people;
- 0,7 m - for staircases leading to individual work stations;
- 0,9 m - for other cases.
3.4.2 Pitch (slope angle) of staircases on means of egress must not be greater
than 1:1 (45o); tread depth must not be less than 25 cm except for
outdoor stairs, rise height must not be greater than 22 cm and lower than 5 cm.
Pitch (slope angle) of open staircases that lead to
individual work stations can be increased to 2:1 (63,5°).
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Type 3 staircases must be made from non-combustible
materials (except for buildings with fire resistance category V) and must be
positioned next to solid sections (without windows or light-transmitting
openings) of walls with minimum fire risk level K1 and minimum fire-resistance
rating of REI 30 or EI 30 (fire-resistance rating of these solid wall sections
is not required in case of buildings with fire resistance category V). These
staircases must have landings located on the same elevation as exit accesses,
guardrails at a height of 1,2 m and no more than 1,0 m away from windows. Solid
sections of the walls can be replaced by glass walls with minimum
fire-resistance rating of EI 30. Fire-resistance rating is not required for
doorways leading from corridors into landings of type 3 staircases and from
rooms which these type 3 staircases serve exclusively.
Type 2 staircases must fulfill requirements applicable to
stringers and landings of stairwells.
3.4.3 Width of landings must not be lower than width of stringers. Width of
landings leading to elevators (the landings act as elevator lobbies) in regard
to hinged outswinging elevator doors must not be less than the total width of
stringers and half the width of elevator door leaves and not lower than 1,6 m.
Intermediate landings of a straight stringers must have
minimum length of 1,0 m.
Calculated width of landings and stringers must not be reduced
by door leaves that open into the staircases.
3.4.4 Buildings placed in F4 fire risk category by function are allowed to
place curved staircases on means of egress when all conditions below are met:
- Vertical rise of stairs does not exceed 9,0 m;
- Flight width conforms to regulations in this document;
- The smallest radius is not less than twice the flight
width;
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- The smallest depth of winder treads (measured at 270 mm
away from the smaller end of the winder treads) is not lower than 220 mm;
- Tread depth measured at the middle section is not lower
than 250 mm;
- The greatest depth of winder treads (measured at 270 mm
away from the larger end of the winder treads) is not greater than 250 mm;
- The sum of twice the riser height and the smallest depth
of winder treads must not be lower than 480 mm; the sum of twice the riser
height and the greatest depth of winder treads must not be greater than 800 mm.
3.4.5 Stairwells and vestibules (if any) must not contain:
- Pipes carrying combustible gas or combustible liquid;
- Wall-mounted cabinets, other than communication cabinets
and standpipe cabinets;
- Exposed cables and wires (other than electrical wires for
low voltage equipment and electrical wires for lighting of corridors and
stairwells);
- Exits from freight lifts and lifting appliances;
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- Equipment protruding from wall surface below 2,2 m in
height from the surface of the steps and landings.
Spaces of exit access stairwells and fire protection
vestibules which receive positive pressure in case of fire must not contain any
occupancy.
3.4.6 In stairwells other than smokeproof stairwells, no more than 2 passenger
elevators are allowed if these elevators do not descend past the first storey
and enclosing structures of elevator shafts are made from non-combustible
materials.
If outdoor elevator shafts require enclosing structures,
these enclosing structures must be made from non-combustible materials.
3.4.7 All stairwells, unless otherwise specified in this Regulation, must
contain exit discharges that lead to adjacent plots or through entrance hall
which is separated from adjoining corridors and rooms by type 1 fire-resistance-rated
partitions with doors which are fitted with self-closing devices and tightly
sealed clearance.
If exit accesses from at least 2 stairwells travel through a
entrance hall, all stairwells other than one must contain exit discharges other
than doors to entrance halls. If only one stairwell leads into a entrance hall,
this stairwell must contain an exit discharge.
Exit accesses from 2 stairwells can travel through entrance
halls in buildings that have less than 28 m of fire height, no more than 300 m2
of storey area, occupant load of each storey compliant with approved design,
and automatic fire extinguishing system compliant with applicable regulations.
The case where approved design does not specify the occupant load of each
storey, the occupant load can be calculated by dividing floor area of a room,
storey, or building by floor space factor (m2/person) under Schedule
G.9 and must not exceed 50 people.
In regard to passenger terminals and large lobbies with
similar occupancies, if exits from stairwells (or corridors) lead into common
passenger lounges which contain exit discharges, exits to open overpass, or to
terminal platforms, exits from 50% of those stairwells (or corridors) can be
considered exit accesses.
N1 stairwells must contain exit discharges.
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a) In case of natural lighting:
Other than L2 stairwells, lighting can be provided via
light-transmitting openings no smaller than 1,2 m2 on exterior wall
of each storey.
L2 staircases must contain skylights no smaller than 4 m2
and clearance between 2 flights of stairs no smaller than 0,7 m or
light-transmitting openings throughout the height of the stairwells with cross
section no smaller than 2 m2.
Up to 50 % of stairwells without light-transmitting openings
can be used for evacuation in the following cases:
- F2, F3, and F4 buildings: N2 or N3 stairwells which
contain positive pressure in case of fire;
- F5 buildings of class C with up to 28 m in fire height, or
class D and class E regardless of fire height: N3 stairwells which contain
positive pressure in case of fire.
d) In case of artificial lighting:
If light-transmitting openings cannot be installed in
accordance with section a) of 3.4.8, exit access stairwells must be smokeproof
stairwells, fitted with artificial lighting equipment which is powered in
accordance with note section of 3.4.13 following the principle where power
source for lighting equipment must be maintained in case of fire and light
provided must be sufficient to facilitate evacuation without impairing
visibility.
3.4.9 Smoke protection for N2 and N3 stairwells must conform to Appendix D. If
necessary, N2 stairwells must be divided into subcompartments longitudinally by
type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and passages between subcompartments must
be located outside of the stairwells.
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Vestibules of N3 stairwells must not be smaller than 3,0 m2
or not be smaller than 6,0 m2 if the vestibules simultaneously act
as fire service elevator lobbies.
3.4.10 Smokeproof capability of smokeproof vestibules which lead into N1
smokeproof vestibules must receive natural ventilation together with
appropriate structural solutions and premise - spatial arrangement. Cases
deemed appropriate are:
NOTE: Arrangements of smokeproof vestibules leading into N1
stairwells are depicted under I.3.2 (Appendix I).
a) Smokeproof vestibules must be open, connected to the
exterior, usually positioned in corners of the buildings, and meet the
following requirements (see Figure I.7):
- When a part of exterior walls adjoins another wall
creating an angle lower than 135o, the horizontal clearance from the
nearest doorways to the vertex of the angle must not be less than 4 m; this
distance can be lowered to match the protrusion length of exterior wall. This
requirement does not apply to walkways or where the created angle exceeds or
equals 135o, or the protrusion of exterior wall that does not exceed
1,2 m;
Width of wall segment between doorways of smokeproof vestibules
and the nearest windows must not be lower than 2 m;
Walkways must not be narrower than 1,2 m; guardrails must be
located at a height of 1,2 m; width of wall segments between doorways in
smokeproof vestibules must not be lower than 1,2 m.
NOTE: Similar cases are depicted under Appendix I, Figures
I.8 a), b), and c)
b) Smokeproof vestibules that travel along single-loaded
corridors (see Figures I.8 h), i), and k)) shall receive natural lighting and
ventilation via openings that open to and adjoin any of the following spaces:
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- A public way or street or other public space unobstructed
to the sky;
- A vertical ventilation shafts whose width is not lower
than 6 m and clearance area is not lower than 93 m2;
c) Smokeproof vestibules that travel through a smoke
protected lobby which is not smaller than 6 m2 where each dimension
is not less than 2 m and is separated from adjacent sections of the buildings
by type 2 fire-resistance-rated walls. Doors must be fitted with self-closing devices
and tightly sealed clearance. Smoke protected lobbies must not obstruct human
evacuation. Smokeproof capability of smoke protected lobbies must be provided
by any of the following measures:
- Air vents no smaller than 15% of floor area of smoke protected
lobbies and no more than 9 m away from any section of the lobbies. These air
vents must be connected to a vertical shaft or a vertical clearance along the
building’s height. The vertical shaft or vertical clearance must have minimum
width of 6 m and minimum clear area of 93 m2. Walls of the shaft
must be able to resist fire for at least 1 hour; the shaft must contain no
openings other than the air vents of smoke protected lobbies, exit stairwells,
and lavatories (see Figures I.8 d), e), and f));
- Cross ventilation where fixed air vents are located on 2
exterior walls. Air vents on each exterior wall must not be smaller than 50% of
clear area of the opposing exterior wall. Distance from any point of the
corridor to an air vent must not be greater than 13 m (see Figure I.8 g)).
3.4.11 L1 stairwells and type 3 staircases are allowed in buildings with all
fire risk categories by functions with up to 28 m in fire height. If this is
the case in F5 buildings of class A or class B, exits to corridors from class A
or class B rooms must travel through vestibules containing positive pressure at
all time.
3.4.12 L2 stairwells are allowed in buildings with I, II, and III fire resistance
category with S0 and S1 fire risk level of structures, F1, F2, F3, F4 fire risk
category by functions, and up to 9 m in fire height. This fire height can be
increased to 12 m (except for in-patient medical facilities) as long as
light-transmitting openings open automatically in case of fire. The number of
L2 stairwells must not exceed 50% of total number of stairwells (other than
F1.3 and F1.4 buildings). The remaining stairwells must contain
light-transmitting openings on exterior wall of each storey.
When building L2 stairwells, each flat of a F1.3 point
access building located at a height above 4 m must be provided with a fire exit
in accordance with 3.2.13.
3.4.13 In buildings with more than 28 m of fire height (other than F5 buildings
of class C and class E that are not regularly occupied) and F5 buildings of
class A or class B, N1 smokeproof stairwells are required.
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NOTE: N1 stairwells can be substituted in accordance with
2.5.1c) as long as the system that supplies vestibules and stairwells with
outside air must be powered by 2 independent sources (a grid-connected source
and a backup generator) in order to maintain stable operation of the system in
case of fire.
Allow:
a) Up to 50% of total number of stairwells in F1, F2, F3, or
F4 buildings as N3 or N2 stairwells where entry to these stairwells travels
through vestibules which have similar enclosing solutions as type 1 fire
protection vestibules (meaning positive pressure is not required in these
vestibules as long as enclosing structures must have similar fire-resistance
ratings as type 1 fire protection vestibules);
b) Evacuation from basements of a building with at least 2
basements to be implemented along N3 or N2 stairwells whose entry travels
through vestibules which have similar enclosing structures to type 1 fire
protection vestibules;
c) The following smokeproof stairwells instead of N1 stairwells
in F5 buildings:
- In regard to class A or class B buildings - N2 or N3
stairwells which are maintained at positive pressure at all time;
- In regard to class C buildings - N2 or N3 stairwells which
are maintained at positive pressure in case of fire;
- In regard to class D or class E buildings - N2 or N3
stairwells which are maintained at positive pressure in case of fire or L1
stairwells if the stairwells are divided into subcompartments by solid fire-resistance-rated
partitions every 20 m in height and passages from one subcompartment to another
subcompartment must be located outside of the stairwells.
3.4.14 In buildings where smokeproof stairwells are located, smoke protection
must be implemented for all common corridors, lobbies, common spaces, and waiting
areas.
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In F3.1 and F3.2 buildings, the aforementioned stairs are
also allowed in regardless of the existence of entrance halls.
3.4.16 In buildings with up to 28 m in fire height, F1.2, F2, F3, F4 fire risk
categories by functions, I and II fire resistance categories and S0 fire risk
level of structures, type 2 stairwells are allowed to connect at least 2
storeys if exit access stairwells meet requirements under standard documents
and those under 4.27. Type 2 stairwells connecting at least 3 storeys are not
allowed to be calculated, considered, or used as means of egress in case of
fire, except for cases under 3.2.1, 3.2.2, and 3.2.6.
3.4.17 Escalators must be positioned in accordance with requirements applicable
to type 2 staircases.
3.5 Fire safety requirements for construction materials
3.5.1 Construction materials shall be utilized depending on occupancies and
fire risk levels thereof.
3.5.2 Fire safety requirements pertaining to the application of construction
materials in buildings shall correspond to fire risk levels of construction
materials under Schedule B.7 (Appendix B).
3.5.3 The use of finishes - decorations, tiles, and flooring materials on
means of egress must conform to requirements under 3.3.4 whereas the use
thereof in common rooms (other than flooring materials in sports competition
surfaces and floors of dancing rooms) shall conform to Schedule B.9 (Appendix
B).
3.5.4 Rooms of F5 buildings with class A or class B or class C1 where
combustible liquid is used or preserved must have flooring materials with maximum
fire risk level of CV1.
3.5.5 Locker rooms of F2.1 buildings are not allowed to use wall, ceiling,
dropped ceiling finishes or tiles with fire risk levels lower than CV1, or
flooring materials with fire risk levels lower than CV2.
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3.5.7 In exhibition occupancies of museums, galleries, and F2.2 rooms with similar
nature, wall, ceiling, and dropped ceiling finishes with fire risk level higher
than CV2 are not allowed; flooring materials with fire risk level higher than
CV3 are not allowed.
3.5.8 In mercantile occupancies of F3.1 buildings, wall, ceiling, and dropped
ceiling finishes with fire risk level higher than CV2 are not allowed; flooring
materials with fire risk level higher than CV3 are not allowed.
3.5.9 In waiting areas of F3.3 buildings, wall, ceiling, dropped ceiling
finishes, and flooring materials are required to have fire risk level of CV0.
3.5.10 Fire safety requirements for finishes - decorations, tiles, flooring
materials, and testing criteria corresponding to standard documents are allowed
as substitution for requirements under 3.5.1 through 3.5.9 and Appendix B,
other than requirements under A.4.
4 FLAME SPREAD PREVENTION
4.1 Flame spread prevention shall be implemented by limiting burning area,
fire intensity, and fire duration. To be specific:
- Using structural solutions and premise - spatial
arrangement to prevent the spread of fire hazards in a room, between rooms,
between rooms with different fire risk categories by functions, between
storeys, between single-stair buildings, and between buildings.
- Limiting fire and explosion risks related to technology in
rooms and buildings;
- Limiting fire risk classes of construction materials used
on exterior of building structures, including: roofs; finishes of exterior
walls, rooms, and means of egress;
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- Installing fire detectors and fire alarms.
NOTE: Regulations on fire separation distance between
houses, public buildings, and manufacturing facilities are specified under
Appendix E. Separation distance between combustible liquid storage, open
above-ground storage of combustible substances, LPG tanks (LPG stands for Liquefied
Petroleum gas), and combustible gas tanks to other constructions must conform
to field-specific regulations and standards.
4.2 Apartment buildings, dorms, public buildings, manufacturing facilities,
and storage facilities must meet fire prevention and fire protection
requirements of this Regulation and standards designed specifically for the
apartment buildings, dorms, public buildings, manufacturing facilities, and
storage facilities. However, the number of storeys (which translates to maximum
permissible fire height of buildings), fire compartment, and the highest storey
allowed for conference rooms, lecture halls, meeting rooms, sports quarters,
and rooms with similar occupancies must conform to Appendix H.
4.3 Building sections (rooms, fire emergency holding areas, mechanical
floors, basements, semi-basements, and other building sections) where firefighting
operations are difficult, additional equipment is required to limit burning
area, fire intensity, and fire duration.
4.4 The effectiveness of solutions for preventing flame spread can be
evaluated by economic - technical calculations which are based on requirements
under 1.5.1 for limiting direct and indirect fire damage.
4.5 Building sections and rooms with different fire risk categories by
functions must be separated from one another by separating components with
fire-resistance category and fire risk levels of structures or by type 1 fire-resistance-rated
partitions and/or type 3 fire-resistance-rated floors, unless otherwise
specified in this Regulation or field-specific regulations and standards. In
this case, the requirements for separating components and fire protection
assemblies shall include fire risk categories by functions of rooms, fire
loads, fire resistance categories, and fire risk levels of structures.
In regard to a storey that serves at least 2 occupancies, if
one of those occupancies is a primary occupancy and occupies at least 90% of
the storey floor area and remaining occupancies supports the primary occupancy,
areas with different fire risk categories by functions are not required to be
separated by fire protection assemblies. In this case, the entire storey must
comply with fire safety requirements corresponding to fire risk category of the
primary occupancy. This regulation does not apply to cases where fire and
explosion risk classes of rooms with supporting occupancies are higher than
those of rooms with primary occupancies.
NOTE: Specific requirements for F1.3 buildings:
a) Walls and partitions between single-stair buildings;
walls and partitions between common corridors (outside of flats) and other
rooms must have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 30;
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c) Rooms with public occupancies must be separated from dwelling
units by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and type 3 fire-resistance-rated
floors, or type 2 fire-resistance-rated floors in buildings with fire
resistance category I.
4.6 When a building has multiple sections with different fire risk
categories by functions which have been separated by fire protection assemblies,
each section must meet fire safety requirements applicable to buildings with
similar fire risk category by functions.
Fire prevention and fire protection system of the building
must be selected as follows: when building sections have different fire risk
categories by functions, fire resistance category of the building can exceed
fire resistance category by function of any building section.
4.7 In regard to F5 buildings, if the technology permits, rooms of class A
and class B must be positioned close to the exterior wall or on upper storeys
in case of multistorey buildings.
4.8 In regard to basements and semi-basements, rooms of class A and class B
are not allowed unless otherwise specified.
4.9 Structural elements must not facilitate the spread of deep-seated fire.
NOTE: In regard to F1.3 buildings or sections thereof,
balconies of loggias and balconies of the third storey or higher must be made
from non-combustible materials
4.10 Fire resistance capability of components connecting structural elements
must not be lower than fire resistance capability of the structural elements.
4.11 Structures creating slope floors in auditorium must meet fire-resistance
rating and fire risk level requirements in accordance with Schedule 4 and
Schedule 5 applicable to floors.
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4.13 Fire-retardant coatings or impregnation layers applied to exposed
surfaces of structures must meet requirements applicable to finishing of the
structures.
Technical documents of coatings or impregnation layers must
dictate the frequency in which they are reapplied or restored depending on
conditions of use.
For the purpose of increasing fire-resistance rating or
reducing fire risk level of structures, fire-retardant layers are not allowed
in positions where they cannot be reapplied or restored on a periodic basis.
4.14 The effectiveness of fire-retardant substances (materials) in reducing
fire risk levels of materials must be evaluated via tests in order to determine
fire risk classes of construction materials as stated under Part 2.
The effectiveness of fire-retardant substances (materials)
in increasing fire resistance capability of structures must be evaluated via
tests in order to determine fire-resistance rating of structures as stated
under Part 2.
4.15 Fire-resistance-rated partitions installed in rooms with dropped
ceilings must also separate the plenum spaces. Channels and ducts carrying
combustible substances in gas form, gas-vapour mix, liquid, and combustible
materials are not allowed in the plenum spaces.
Dropped ceilings are not allowed in rooms of class A or
class B.
If dropped ceilings are employed for the purpose of
increasing fire-resistance ratings of floors of common storeys and floors of
topmost storey, the dropped ceilings must fulfill fire risk-related
requirements applicable to these floors of common storeys and floors of topmost
storey.
4.16 In areas where fire protection assemblies meet enclosing structures of
the buildings, including areas where the shape of the buildings changes,
measures must be taken to prevent fire from spreading through these fire
protection assemblies.
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4.18 Openings on fire protection assemblies must be sealed in case of fire.
Windows on fire protection assemblies must be fixed windows
whereas doors, hatches, and dampers must be fitted with self-closing devices
and have their clearance tightly sealed. If doors, hatches, and dampers are
required to be left open when used, they must be fitted with devices that close
the doors, hatches, or dampers in case of fire.
4.19 Total area of openings in fire protection assemblies, other than enclosing
structures of elevator shafts, must not exceed 25% of area of the fire
protection assemblies. Total area of openings is not limited if fire-resistance
rating of opening protectives are not lower than fire-resistance rating of fire
protection assemblies (other than type 1 fire-resistance-rated walls). Opening
protectives in fire protection assemblies must meet requirements under 2.3.3
and requirements of Part 4.
Vestibules maintained at positive pressure must be fitted to
doors of fire protection assemblies which separate rooms of class A or class B
with rooms of classes other than A and B, corridors, stairwells, and elevator
lobbies in accordance with Appendix D. 2 or more rooms of the same class A or
class B are not allowed to use the same vestibule.
4.20 If fire protection vestibules cannot be fitted in fire protection
assemblies which separate rooms of class A or class B from other rooms or when
doors, hatches, and dampers cannot be fitted in fire protection assemblies
which separate rooms of class C from other rooms, a combination of solutions is
required to prevent flame spread and infiltration of ignitable gas, vapor,
liquid vapor, combustion droplets which can present an explosion threat in the
right concentration into adjacent rooms and storeys. The effectiveness of the
solutions must be proven.
If openings of fire protection assemblies between rooms of
class C, class D, and class E cannot be protected by fire-resistance-rated
doors, open vestibules equipped with automatic extinguishing systems are
allowed. Enclosing structures of these vestibules must be suitable
fire-resistant enclosing structures.
4.21 Fire-resistance-rated doors and fire dampers in fire protection
assemblies must be made from non-combustible materials.
Fire-resistance-rated doors, hatches, and fire dampers are
allowed to be made from materials rated with combustibility not lower than Ch3
and protected by at least 4 mm of non-combustible materials.
If doors of fire protection vestibules,
fire-resistance-rated doors, and hatches in fire protection assemblies face
rooms that are not used for the purpose of preserving or using combustible gas,
combustible liquid, or combustible materials or implementing technology
procedures which contribute to the creation of combustible dust, these doors
are allowed to be made from Ch3 materials with minimum thickness of 40 mm and
with no voids.
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In regard to channels, ducts, and pipes carrying the
substances and materials other than the aforementioned kinds, areas where the
channels, ducts, and pipes penetrate the fire protection assemblies must be
fitted with devices that automatically prevent the spread of combustion
production along these channels, ducts, and pipes.
NOTE: Ventilation ducts and smoke ducts are allowed in
fire-resistance-rated walls of houses, public buildings, and auxiliary
buildings if the minimum thickness of fire-resistance-rated walls (excluding
duct cross-sectional area) is not lower than 25 cm while the thickness of the
segments separating smoke ducts and ventilation ducts is not lower than 12 cm.
NOTE: Openings of fire protection assemblies where water
pipes penetrate must be treated in accordance with 4.12.
4.23 Enclosing structures of elevator shafts (other than shafts mentioned
under 3.4.6), elevator machine rooms (other than those on the roof), technical
channels, ducts, and cabinets must meet requirements applicable to type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions and type 3 fire-resistance-rated floors.
Fire-resistance ratings of enclosing structures between elevator shafts and
elevator machine rooms are not prescribed.
If fire-resistance-rated doors cannot be fitted in the
aforementioned enclosing structures of elevator shafts, vestibules or lobbies
must be installed and fitted with type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and
type 3 fire-resistance-rated floors or automatic shutters which activate in
case of fire. These shutters must be made from non-combustible materials and
rated for at least E 30.
In regard to buildings fitted with smokeproof stairwells, automatic
smoke protection solutions must be implemented for elevator shafts whose exits
are not protected by fire protection vestibules which are maintained at positive
pressure in case of fire.
4.24 Rubbish terminal rooms, rubbish chutes, and rubbish intake doors must be
designed and installed in accordance with standards and technical regulations
applied specifically to these apparatus and the following requirements:
- Rubbish chutes and terminal rooms must be isolated from
other sections of the buildings by fire protection assemblies; rubbish intake
doors on each storey must be accompanied by fire-resistance-rated doors fitted
with self-closing devices;
- Rubbish chutes must be made from non-combustible
materials;
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- Rooms where rubbish chutes are located or rubbish terminal
rooms must be entered from a clear exterior space or through a fire protection
vestibule that is regularly ventilated;
- Entrances to rubbish terminal rooms must not be adjacent
to exit accesses or exit access doorways of the buildings or fixed to windows
of houses.
4.25 Depending on the technology involved, separate staircases are allowed
for the purpose of travel between basements or semi-basements with the first
storey.
These staircases must be enclosed by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions and fire protection vestibules which are
maintained at positive pressure in case of fire.
The installation of fire protection vestibules as mentioned
above is optional in regard to staircases of F5 buildings that lead from rooms
of class C4, class D, or class E in the basements or semi-basements to rooms of
the same class on the first storey.
These staircases shall not be included for the purpose of
calculating evacuation, except for cases under 3.2.1.
4.26 When installing type 2 staircases from lobby of the first storey to the
second storey, this lobby must be separated from adjacent corridors and rooms
by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions.
4.27 Rooms where type 2 stairwells are located in accordance with 3.4.16 must
be separated from connecting corridors and other rooms by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions. The rooms where type 2 stairwells are located
are not required to be separated by fire-resistance-rated partitions when:
- The entire building is protected by automatic
extinguishing system;
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4.28 In regard to basements or semi-basements, entrances to elevators must be
accompanied by type 1 fire protection vestibules which are maintained at
positive pressure in case of fire.
4.29 The selection of building dimensions and fire compartment dimension and
fire separation distance must rely on fire resistance categories, fire risk
levels of structures, fire risk categories by functions, and fire loads and
include effectiveness of fire prevention and fire protection equipment
employed, presence, position, and level of equipment of fire brigade, possible
economic and ecosystem consequences led to by the fire.
4.30 During operation, all fire prevention and protection equipment must be
able to operate as intended.
4.31 The installation of automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing system
must conform to TCVN 3890.
4.32 Prevention of horizontal flame spread on the façade
4.32.1 Type 1 fire-resistance-rated walls must separate exterior walls with
fire risk levels K1, K2, K3 and must protrude from the exterior wall surface by
at least 30 cm.
Separation of the exterior walls is not required if the
exterior walls have K0 fire risk level or type 1 fire-resistance-rated walls
adjoin exterior wall vertically (creating vertical fire-resistant barrier) and
have minimum width of 1,2 m, minimum fire-resistance rating of E 60, and fire
risk level of K0.
If type 2 fire-resistance-rated walls and type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions adjoin exterior walls, they must connect to
vertical fire-resistant barriers, have minimum width of 1 m, and
fire-resistance rating conforming to Schedule 4 or Schedule A.1 depending on
the building’s height. Type 2 fire-resistance-rated partitions must connect to
solid exterior walls vertically, have minimum width of 1 m and fire-resistance
rating conforming to Schedule 4 or Schedule A.1 depending on the building’s
height.
4.32.2 Requirements under 4.32.1 are not required if the requirements under
NOTE 6 (Schedule 4) or NOTE 2 (Schedule A.1) depending on the building’s
height.
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4.33.1 If exterior walls have openings that are not fitted with
fire-resistance-rated doors or contain sections with non-compliant
fire-resistance ratings, areas where exterior walls connect to floors between
storeys (fire-resistance barriers between storeys) must be designed
appropriately in order to prevent vertical flame spread. Fire-resistance
barriers between storeys must be designed to meet any of the following
regulations:
a) Exterior wall segments that connect to floors between
storeys (wall segments between windows of the lower storey and the windows of
the upper storey or between wall segments that are protected via any fire
protection measures of the lower and upper storeys) must be solid walls, made
from non-combustible materials, and have minimum height of 1,0 m;
b) Door awning must be made from non-combustible materials,
have minimum width (measured from the surface of exterior walls) of 0,6 m, and
have minimum fire-resistance rating not lower than the required fire-resistance
rating of exterior wall;
c) Exterior wall segments connect to floors between storeys
by tempered glass, have minimum width of 6 mm, are equipped with sprinklers
which are associated with automatic fire extinguishing equipment and positioned
no more than 2 m away from any other sprinkler starting from rooms (corridors)
adjoining exterior walls and no more than 0,5 m away from the inner surface of
exterior walls.
NOTE 1: Fire-resistance rating requirements (if any) of
components along fire-resistant barriers shall conform to Schedule 4 or
Schedule A.1 depending on the building’s height. Vertical separating elements
must be able to maintain integrity (E); joints or opening protectives must be
able to maintain integrity (E) and insulation (I); fixed connecting elements
must be able to maintain load bearing capacity (R).
NOTE 2: The requirements above do not apply to exit accesses
and doors of loggias and balconies whose platform is more than 0,6 m in length.
4.33.2 Fire-resistance ratings of structures of exterior walls fitted with
light-transmitting glass must meet requirements applicable to non-load bearing
exterior walls and requirements mentioned under 4.32, 4.33.
4.33.3 When a part of exterior wall connects to another part of the wall to
create an angle lower than 135o and the horizontal distance between
the nearest edges of openings in all direction from the angle is less than 4m,
openings on the wall part in question must be fitted with fire-resistance-rated
doors with minimum fire-resistance rating of E 30 or equipped with sprinkler
system.
4.33.4 Regulations under 4.33.1 through 4.33.3 are not required in regard to
buildings with 3 storeys or less or fire height under 15 m and open
above-ground garages or buildings that meet all requirements under NOTE 6
(Schedule 4) or NOTE 2 (Schedule A.1) depending on the building’s height.
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Fire separation distance between buildings (E.1 and E.2
under Appendix E) and fire separation distance by boundaries (E.3 under
Appendix E) must correspond to area of openings that are not protected by fire
protection measures; fire-resistance rating of the wall segments must be able
to maintain fire protection capacity.
4.35 Prevention of flame spread for atriums
The design and placement of open staircases, escalators,
moving walkways, glass elevators, similar appliances, and rooms with openings
leading to single-loaded corridors in buildings, building complexes, atrium and
atriums must fulfill the following requirements:
a) Atriums must be positioned within a fire compartment,
openings on storeys connecting to the atriums must allow the placement of
escalators, open staircases, and elevators (including glass elevators);
b) Surrounding structures of rooms and corridors that adjoin
atriums must have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI (EIW) 60 or be made of
tempered glass with minimum thickness of 6 mm, be rated for fire-resistance
rating of any types, and fitted with sprinklers which are associated with
automatic extinguishing system, placed from adjacent rooms (corridors), no more
than 2 m away from another sprinkler, and no more than 0,5 m away from
partitions;
c) Openings leading to atriums, including openings of
escalators and rooms on single-loaded corridors fitted with smoke partitions
which have minimum fire-resistance rating of E 45, are dropped down in case of
fire, and powered by automatic and remote control scheme, or fitted with fixed smoke
partitions. Descending height of smoke partitions must not be lower than the
thickness of the smoke in case of fire. Thickness of the smoke shall be determined
via calculations during design. In this case, the base of the smoke layer must
not be lower than 2,5 m above the floor surface;
d) Storey area within a fire compartment where an atrium is
located shall be determined by the sum of area of the bottommost storey of the
atrium and area of single-loaded corridors, walkways, and rooms on upper
storeys, within the volume of the atrium, and confined by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions. If type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions
are not available and/or the atrium is not physically separated from adjoining
rooms, fire compartment shall equal total area of relevant storeys;
e) Natural smoke extraction system is allowed in atriums if
appropriate evaluation and calculation are present;
f) Light-transmitting panels of atriums must be made from
non-combustible materials. In this case, these panel structures must be made
from safety wired glass (to prevent injury). Materials which have
combustibility not higher than Ch1 and do not create flaming droplets are
allowed for the purpose of light-transmitting panels;
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5 WATER SUPPLY FOR FIREFIGHTING
5.1 Water supply for outdoor firefighting
5.1.1 Fire safety requirements pertaining to water supply for outdoor firefighting
5.1.1.1 The installation of water supply for outdoor firefighting shall conform
to TCVN 3890 and other superseding standard documents.
5.1.1.2 Water quality of sources of water supply for firefighting must fit
operating conditions of firefighting equipment and fire control methods.
5.1.1.3 Water pipe network for firefighting is usually a low pressure network.
If high pressure is sustained in the network, calculations must be made to
ensure working pressure of the network. In case of high pressure pipe network,
fire pumps must be equipped in order to operate within 5 minutes of fire alarm
activation.
5.1.1.4 Minimum pressure in low-pressure water pipe network for firefighting
(located above ground) must not be lower than 10 m. Minimum pressure in
high-pressure water pipe network for firefighting must be sufficient to
guarantee a minimum solid stream height of 10 m when fire flow is at maximum
and nozzles are at the highest point of a building. Pressure in pipe network
that additionally serves domestic or manufacturing purpose must not be lower
than 10 m and not be greater than 60 m.
5.1.2 Fire safety requirements regarding fire flow for outdoor firefighting
5.1.2.1 Fire flow of loop pipe network for outdoor firefighting (for one fire
incident) and number of simultaneous fire incidents in a residential area shall
conform to Schedule 7.
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5.1.2.3 Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of buildings with F5 fire risk
category for one fire incident shall use flow rates of buildings that require
the greatest values under Schedule 9 and Schedule 10.
NOTE 1: When calculating fire flow for 2 fire incidents, use
values that equal twice the values of buildings that require the greatest flow
rates.
NOTE 2: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting in detached
auxiliary buildings shall use values under Schedule 8 applicable to buildings
with F2, F3, F4 fire risk categories; if auxiliary buildings are located inside
manufacturing facilities, calculate fire flow based on general volume of the
manufacturing facilities and Schedule 9.
NOTE 3: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of buildings
serving agriculture and rural development with fire resistance category of I
and II, maximum volume of 5 000 m3, D and E fire and explosion risk
classes, shall equal 5 L/s.
NOTE 4: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of radio stations
and television stations regardless of volume of the stations and number of inhabitants
in the stations’ vicinity must not be lower than 15 L/s, even when Schedule 9
and Schedule 10 prescribe a lower value.
NOTE 5: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of buildings
whose volume exceeds volume under Schedule 9 and Schedule 10 must conform to
special regulations.
NOTE 6: In case of buildings with fire resistance category
of II and wooden structures, fire flow for outdoor firefighting shall be
greater than values under Schedule 9 and Schedule 10 by 5 L/s.
NOTE 7: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of buildings and
cold storage of food shall be similar to that of buildings with fire risk class
C.
NOTE 8: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of loaded
container storage depends on the number of containers and is as follows:
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From 51 to 100 containers, 20 L/s;
From 101 to 300 containers, 25 L/s;
From 301 to 1 000 containers, 40 L/s;
From 1 001 to 1 500 containers, 60 L/s;
From 1 501 to 2 000 containers, 80 L/s;
More than 2 000 containers, 100 L/s;
Schedule 7 - Fire flow for outdoor
firefighting in residential areas
Population, x 1 000 people
Number of simultaneous fire
incidents
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Buildings no taller than 2 storeys
regardless of fire resistance category
Buildings from 3 storeys or higher
regardless of fire resistance category
≤ 1
1
5
10
> 1 and ≤ 5
1
10
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> 5 and ≤ 10
1
10
15
> 10 and ≤ 25
2
10
15
> 25 and ≤ 50
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20
25
> 50 and ≤ 100
2
25
35
> 100 and ≤ 200
3
40
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> 200 and ≤ 300
3
55
> 300 and ≤ 400
3
70
> 400 and ≤ 500
3
80
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3
85
> 600 and ≤ 700
3
90
> 700 and ≤ 800
3
95
> 800 and ≤ 1 000
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100
> 1 000
5
110
NOTE 1: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting in residential
areas must not be lower than fire flow under Schedule 8.
NOTE 2: When supplying water in regions, fire flow for
outdoor firefighting and number of simultaneous fire incidents of each region
shall depend on population of the region.
NOTE 3: Number of simultaneous fire incidents and fire
flow for 1 fire incident in a region with more than 1 million people shall
conform to evaluation of special technical requirements.
NOTE 4: In regard to network of group pipelines, number of
simultaneous fire incidents depends on total population in a group of pipe
network. The amount of water necessary to restore water in group pipelines
shall be determined by maximum amount of water for firefighting in
residential areas (corresponding to number of simultaneous fire incidents) in
accordance with 5.1.3.3 and 5.1.3.4.
NOTE 5: Number of simultaneous fire incidents in a
residential area must also include fire incidents in manufacturing facilities
and storage facilities in the residential area. In this case, calculated fire
flow must also include the flow rate necessary for extinguishing fire of
those facilities and must not be lower than values under Schedule 7.
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Building type
Fire flow for outdoor firefighting
regardless of fire resistance category for 1 fire incident, L/s, by fire
volume, 1000 m3
≤ 1
> 1 and ≤ 5
> 5 and ≤ 25
> 25 and ≤ 50
> 50
1. F1.3, F1.4 building with one or many single-stair
blocks with the following number of storeys:
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≤ 3
10 1)
10 1)
15
15
20
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10
15
15
20
20
> 12 and ≤ 16
-
20
20
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25
> 16
-
20
25
25
30
2. F1.1, F1.2, F2, F3, and F4 buildings with the following
number of storeys:
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≤ 3
10 1)
10 1)
15
20
25
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10
15
20
25
30
> 12 and ≤ 16
-
20
25
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35
> 16
-
25
30
30
35
1) For buildings in villages, communes (rural areas), fire flow for 1
fire incident is 5 L/s.
NOTE 1: If capacity of outdoor network is insufficient to
achieve the necessary flow rate for firefighting or when pipes are connected
to a tree network, tanks or reservoirs with sufficient volume must be taken
into consideration in order to maintain fire flow for outdoor firefighting
for 3 hours.
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Schedule 9 - Fire flow for outdoor
firefighting of F5 buildings
Fire resistance category of the
building
Fire risk level of structures
Fire and explosion risk class of
the building
Fire flow for outdoor firefighting
of buildings with roof openings regardless of building’s width, buildings
without roof openings no wider than 60 m, for 1 fire incident, L/s, depending on volume of the
building, 1 000 m3
≤ 3
> 3 and ≤ 5
> 5 and ≤ 20
> 20 and ≤ 50
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> 200 and ≤ 400
> 400 and ≤ 600
> 600
I and II
S0, S1
D, E
10
10
10
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15
20
25
35
I and II
S0, S1
A, B, C
10
10
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20
30
35
40
50
III
S0, S1
D, E
10
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15
25
35
40
45
-
III
S0
A, B, C
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15
20
30
45
60
75
-
IV
S0, S1
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10
15
20
30
40
50
60
-
IV
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A, B, C
15
20
25
40
60
80
100
-
...
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S2, S3
E
10
15
20
30
45
-
-
...
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IV
S2, S3
A, B, C
15
20
25
40
65
-
...
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-
V
-
E
10
15
20
30
55
...
...
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-
-
V
-
C
15
20
25
40
...
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-
-
-
Schedule 10 - Fire flow for outdoor
firefighting of F5 buildings without roof openings and wider than 60 m
Fire resistance category of the
building
Fire risk level of structures
Fire and explosion risk class of
the building
Fire flow for outdoor firefighting
of buildings without roof openings and 60 m wide or more, for 1 fire
incident, L/s,
depending on volume of the building, 1 000 m3
≤ 50
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> 100 and ≤ 200
> 200 and ≤ 300
> 300 and ≤ 400
> 400 and ≤ 500
> 500 and ≤ 600
> 600 and ≤ 700
> 700
I and II
S0
...
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20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
...
...
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S0
D, E
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
...
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50
NOTE: Roof openings mean vents positioned on the roof
(ridge vents) and not smaller than 2,5 % of the building’s total area.
5.1.2.4 If a building is separated by fire-resistance-rated walls, the highest fire
flow for outdoor firefighting shall prevail.
5.1.2.5 If a building is separated by fire-resistance-rated partitions, fire
flow for outdoor firefighting shall be determined by overall volume of the
building and the highest fire and explosion risk class.
5.1.2.6 Fire flow must be maintained even when fire flow dedicated for other
demands is at the highest, including:
- Tap water;
- Household businesses;
- Industrial and agricultural manufacturing facilities where
separate pipelines are not feasible due to drinking water quality or economic
purposes.
- Water treatment stations, pipe network, channels, and
similar;
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5.1.2.7 Water supply system for outdoor firefighting of facilities (water pipes,
pump stations, tanks, and reservoirs) must be reliable, must not stop supplying
water for more than 10 minutes, and must not reduce fire flow by more than 30%
within 3 days.
5.1.2.8 If a construction is located in an area where outdoor water supply
infrastructures have not been installed or do not conform to regulations under
Schedule 8, Schedule 9, and Schedule 10, instructions of competent fire and
rescue police department shall prevail.
5.1.3 Calculated number of simultaneous fire incidents
5.1.3.1 Calculated number of simultaneous fire incidents of an industrial or
agricultural facility must depend on the area of the facility, to be specific:
- If a facility is as large as 150 ha, count as 1 fire
incident;
- If a facility is larger than 150 ha, count as 2 fire
incidents.
In regard to calculated number of simultaneous fire
incidents of an open or enclosed storage facility for wooden materials: if the
storage facility is as large as 50 a, count as 1 fire incident; if the storage
facility is larger than 50 ha, count as 2 fire incidents.
NOTE: Area of the facility that serves calculation of water
supply system for outdoor firefighting shall be area of the plot on which the
facility is located (excluding forest land, park land, agricultural land, or
similar land on which no construction is built).
5.1.3.2 When combining firefighting pipelines of a residential area and an
industrial facility which is located outside of said residential area,
calculated number of simultaneous fire shall be as follows:
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- If the industrial facility is larger than 150 ha and
population of the residential area is up to 25 000 people, count as 2 fire
incidents (2 fire incidents for the industrial facility or 2 fire incidents for
the residential area depending on whichever location requires the greater fire
flow);
- If population of the residential area exceeds 25 000
people, count as 2 fire incidents where fire flow for 1 fire incident equals
the sum of the greater fire flow (either for the industrial facility or the
residential area) and 50% of the lesser fire flow (either for the industrial
facility or the residential area).
5.1.3.3 Firefighting duration must be 3 hours, except for the cases below:
- 2 hours for buildings with fire resistance categories I,
II with insulating structures and layers made from non-combustible materials
and areas of fire and explosion risk classes D and E;
- 1 hour for kindergartens, preschools, F4.1 and F4.3
buildings in rural areas with fire resistance categories I and II, insulating
structures and layers made from non-combustible materials, no more than
3-storey high, and up to 500 m2 of construction area;
- In the case of kindergartens, preschools, F4.1 and F4.3
buildings in rural areas with fire resistance category I and II, insulating
structures and layers made from non-combustible materials, no more than
3-storey high, and up to 500 m2 of building area, standpipe system
is allowed as a substitution for water supply system for outdoor firefighting;
- At least 5 hours in case of open storage facilities for
wood materials.
5.1.3.4 The maximum amount of time for restoring water reserve for firefighting
must not be greater than:
- 24 hours in case of residential areas and industrial
facilities of fire and explosion risk classes A, B, C;
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- 72 hours in case of residential areas and agricultural
facilities.
NOTE: If an industrial facility requires up to 20 L/s of fire
flow for outdoor firefighting, the amount of time for restoring water for
firefighting shall be:
a) Up to 48 hours for areas of fire risk classes D and E
b) Up to 36 hours for areas of fire risk class C.
If water for firefighting cannot be restored in a timely
manner as stated above, water reserve for firefighting must be supplied by n
times. The value of n (n = 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0, etc.) varies depending on actual
restoration time, ttt, and is calculated using the formula below:
n = ttt / tqđ
In which: ttt refers to the amount of time it
takes in practice to restore water reserve for firefighting;
tqd refers to the amount of time it takes
according to 5.1.3.4 to restore water reserve for firefighting.
5.1.4 Fire safety requirements for pipe network and constructions built upon
them
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5.1.4.2 Water pipe network for firefighting must be a grid network. A branch
network is allowed when: water is supplied for firefighting or a combination of
domestic purposes - firefighting, the pipe is not longer than 200 m regardless
of the required fire flow.
Outdoor pipe network is not allowed to connect to indoor
pipe network via grid connection.
In case of residential areas that have population of 5 000
people or less and require fire flow for outdoor firefighting of 10 L/s or less
or number of standpipe outlets of 12 or less, a branch network of 200 m or more
in length is allowed if tanks, reservoirs, or water towers that contain water
amount necessary for firefighting are built.
5.1.4.3 Pipelines must be divided into sections by shutoff valves so that during
a repair, only a maximum of 5 fire hydrants will not receive any water.
5.1.4.4 Remotely-controlled and automatically-controlled valves on all
pipelines, regardless of diameter, must be operated electrically.
Pneumatic, hydraulic, or electromagnetic valves are allowed.
If remote or automatic control is not feasible or available,
manual control is allowed for shutoff valves of 400 mm or less in diameter,
electric or hydraulic control is allowed for shutoff valves of exceeding 400 mm
in diameter; if separate evaluation allows, manual operation is allowed for
shutoff valves of exceeding 400 mm in diameter.
In all cases, manual opening and closing must be allowed.
5.1.4.5 Diameter of supply pipelines and pipe network after supply pipelines
must be calculated on the following basis:
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- Operating conditions in case of disruption of individual
segments.
Diameter of water pipelines for outdoor firefighting must
not be less than 100 mm for residential areas and manufacturing facilities, and
75 mm for rural areas.
5.1.4.6 Fire hydrants must be at most 2,5 m away from the edge of the road and
at least 1 m away from exterior wall of the buildings; underground hydrants are
allowed on public roads.
5.1.4.7 Fire hydrants must be installed on pipeline network in a manner that at
least 2 hydrants are installed when the required flow rate is 15 L/s or higher
or at least 1 hydrant is installed when the required flow rate is less than 15
L/s, the installed hydrants can cover any point along the width of the
building, and cover radius of each hydrant does not exceed 200 m along the
movement of fire hoses outside the building.
NOTE: Pipe networks serving residential areas with
population of up to 500 people can have 3-way hydrants replaced by DN 80 mm
standpipe fitted with outlets.
5.1.4.8 Constructions required to be equipped with standpipe outlets and
automatic sprinkler system must have pipelines connecting from fire pump
stations of the constructions to at least a DN65 2-way or 3-way fire hydrant
positioned outside of the exterior wall towards the public road.
5.1.5 Requirements for water reservoirs and tanks for outdoor firefighting.
5.1.5.1 Water reservoirs and tanks that serve specific occupancy must also serve
regulation, firefighting, incident aversion, and priming.
5.1.5.2 If firefighting water is collected from water sources that do not meet
economic and technical conditions, in all cases, these tanks and reservoirs
must contain sufficient amount of water for firefighting according to
calculations.
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- Supply water for firefighting from outdoor hydrants and
other fire extinguishing systems;
- Supply water for specific fire extinguishing equipment
(sprinkler, drencher, and similar equipment) that lacks dedicated reservoirs;
- Supply the maximum amount of water for domestic and
manufacturing purposes throughout firefighting process.
5.1.5.4 Bodies of water which fire engines draft from must be accessible and
have parking lots no smaller than 12 m x 12 m with sufficient surface load for
fire engines.
When calculating the volume of water in bodies of water, the
supply of water into these bodies of water throughout firefighting process
shall be added to the calculation if water supply system satisfactory to
5.1.2.7 is installed.
5.1.5.5 When supplying water through 1 supply pipeline, supply an additional
amount of water to fulfill purposes under 5.1.5.3.
The additional amount of water can be disregarded if the
length of a supply pipeline does not exceed 500 m and serves a residential area
with population of 5 000 people or less or serves constructions that require fire
flow of 40 L/s or less.
5.1.5.6 The total number of tanks and reservoirs for firefighting in a network
must not be lower than 2 (not including tanks and reservoirs for outdoor
firefighting of detached constructions).
Tanks and reservoirs in the same network must have the same
highest and lowest water level for firefighting.
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5.1.5.7 The storage of water for firefighting in specialized tanks or reservoirs
or open lakes shall be permitted with respect to:
- Residential areas with population of up to 5 000 people;
- Buildings, regardless of occupancies, that are separate
from residential areas and are not installed with pipeline systems for domestic
or manufacturing purposes which provide water for outdoor water supply system;
- Buildings that have different occupancies and require fire
flow of 10 L/s or less for outdoor firefighting;
- Buildings, regardless of occupancies, that have up to 2
storeys and are smaller than area of the fire compartment applicable to that
type of buildings.
5.1.5.8 The amount of water for firefighting of reservoirs, tanks, and
artificial lakes shall be determined by calculating amount of water consumed
and firefighting duration in accordance with 5.1.2.2, 5.1.2.3, 5.1.2.4,
5.1.2.5, 5.1.2.6, and 5.1.3.3.
NOTE 1: When calculating volume of water for firefighting of
open artificial lakes, evaporation and freezing of the water must be taken into
account. Minimum water level shall be 0,5 m.
NOTE 2: Access to the reservoirs, tanks, and similar
drafting sites must be guaranteed for fire engines.
5.1.5.9 Tanks, reservoirs, hydrants, natural and artificial lakes must be
positioned in a way that guarantees service radius of:
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- 100 m to 150 m with the presence of portable pumps
depending on technical specifications of the pumps;
- In order to increase service radius, branch pipes up to
200 m in length are allowed to connect from tanks, reservoirs, and artificial
lakes while complying with 5.1.5.8;
- Distance from drafting sites of tanks, reservoirs, or
artificial lakes to buildings with fire resistance categories III, IV, and V or
to open storage of combustible materials must be 30 m or less; distance from
drafting sites of tanks, reservoirs, or artificial lakes to buildings with fire
resistance categories I and II must be 10 m or less.
5.1.5.10 If drafting directly from tanks or reservoirs by pumper trucks
or portable pumps is not feasible, install water grates with volume ranging
from 3 m3 to 5 m3. Diameter of pipes connecting to tanks,
reservoirs, or grates must be calculated depending on fire flow for outdoor
firefighting and must not be lower than 200 mm. The joints must be protected by
shutoff valve boxes to block water. the opening and closing of the valves must
be done outside of the boxes. The pipe end that connects to the artificial
lakes must be fitted with mesh.
5.1.5.11 Pressure tanks and reservoirs for firefighting must also be
fitted with water gauge and water level indicators which send signals to pump
stations or distribution stations.
Pressure tanks and reservoirs of high-pressure firefighting
pipes must be fitted with equipment that cuts off water supply to tanks,
reservoirs, and towers when fire pumps are engaged.
5.1.5.12 If pressure tanks or reservoirs use compressed air, backup
compressors are required in addition to the operating compressors.
5.2 Standpipe system
5.2.1 Houses, public buildings, administrative - auxiliary buildings of
industrial constructions must be fitted with standpipe system with minimum flow
rate for firefighting conforming to Schedule 11. Flow rate of standpipe system
installed in manufacturing facilities and storage facilities shall conform to
Schedule 12.
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Based on fire flow, hydrants shall be classified into:
- Low fire flow (from 0,2 L/s to 1,5 L/s). Equipment for use
with low fire flow outlets has diameter of DN 5, DN 10, DN 15, DN 20, DN 25,
and DN 40;
- Moderate fire flow (greater than 1,5 L/s).
If low fire flow outlets are used, total fire flow and
height of solid stream shall conform to Schedule 11, Schedule 12, and Schedule
13.
Schedule 11 - Minimum number of
streams and minimum fire flow of standpipe system
Houses and public buildings
Number of streams per storey
Minimum fire flow, L/s, of a
stream
1. Houses and apartment buildings
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1
2,5
≤ 16 storeys, when length of common corridors > 10 m
2
2,5
> 16 and ≤ 25 storeys, when length of common corridors
≤ 10 m
2
2,5
> 16 and ≤ 25 storeys, when length of common corridors
> 10 m
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2,5
2. Administrative buildings 1)
≤ 10 storeys and volume ≤ 25 000 m3
1
2,5
≤ 10 storeys and volume > 25 000 m3
2
2,5
10 storeys and volume ≤ 25 000 m3
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2,5
10 storeys and volume > 25 000 m3
3
2,5
3. Clubs with stages, theaters, cinemas, rooms equipped
with audiovisual equipment (for conferences, seminars, and similar purposes)
≤ 300 seats
2
2,5
> 300 seats
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5,0
4. Dorms and public houses (except section 2) 2)
≤ 10 storeys and volume ≤ 25 000 m3
1
2,5
≤ 10 storeys and volume > 25 000 m3
2
2,5
> 10 storeys and volume ≤ 25 000 m3
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2,5
> 10 storeys and volume > 25 000 m3
3
2,5
5. Administrative - auxiliary buildings of industrial
facilities with volume
≤ 25 000 m3
1
2,5
> 25 000 m3
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2,5
1) Head offices of state authorities, work offices of enterprises,
political organizations, social organizations, post offices, radio stations,
television stations, telecommunication facilities, communication device
installation service providers, data storage and management centers, etc. and
constructions with similar occupancies.
2) Public buildings and constructions with similar occupancies, such as:
- Houses, dorms, multipurpose buildings, hotels, detached
houses combining with other functions, motels, rooms for rent, other
accommodations established under the Law on Tourism;
- Karaoke venues, discotheques, bars, clubs, beauty
salons, massage service providers, recreational parks, zoos, aquariums;
- Electronic appliance stores, supermarkets, department
stores; convenient stores, restaurants, diners;
- General clinics, specialized clinics; beauty salons;
- Museums, libraries, galleries, exhibits, storage
facilities, bookstores, fairs;
- Stadiums, indoor sports stadiums, sports centers, race
tracks, shooting ranges, other sports establishments established under the
Law on Sports;
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-Kindergartens, preschools, primary schools, lower
secondary schools, upper secondary schools, multi-level schools, colleges,
universities, institutes, intermediate professional education institutions,
vocational education and training institutions, continuous education
institutions, other education institutions established under the Law on
Education;
- Sanitariums, intensive care wards, orthopaedic wards,
nursing homes.
Schedule 12 - Minimum number of
streams and minimum fire flow for indoor firefighting for manufacturing
facilities and storage facilities
Fire resistance category
Fire and explosion risk class
Fire risk level of structure
Minimum number of streams and fire
flow, L/s, of
1 stream, for indoor firefighting of manufacturing facilities and storage
facilities with minimum fire height of 50 m and depending on volume, 1
000 m3
≤ 150
> 150
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A, B, C
S0, S1
2 x 2,5
3 x 2,5
D, E
No regulations
1 x 2,5
1 x 2,5
III
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S0
2 x 2,5
3 x 2,5
D, E
S0, S1
1 x 2,5
2 x 2,5
IV
A, B
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2 x 2,5
3 x 2,5
C
S0, S1
2 x 2,5
2 x 5
C
S2, S3
3 x 2,5
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D, E
S0, S1, S2, S3
1 x 2,5
2 x 2,5
V
C
No regulations
2 x 2,5
2 x 5
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No regulations
1 x 2,5
2 x 2,5
Schedule 13 - Fire flow depending on
height of solid stream and diameter of nozzles
Height of solid stream, m
Fire flow, L/s
Pressure, MPa, of standpipe outlet with
hose reel length, m
Fire flow, L/s
Pressure, MPa, of standpipe outlet with
hose reel length, m
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Pressure, MPa, of standpipe outlet with
hose reel length, m
10
15
20
10
15
20
10
15
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Diameter of nozzle, mm
13
16
19
DN 50 standpipe outlet 1)
6
-
-
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-
2,6
0,092
0,096
0,100
3,4
0,088
0,096
0,104
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-
-
-
-
2,9
0,120
0,125
0,130
4,1
...
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0,138
0,148
10
-
-
-
-
3,3
0,151
...
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0,164
4.6
0,160
0,173
0,185
12
2,6
0,202
0,206
...
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3,7
0,192
0,196
0,210
5,2
0,206
0,223
0,240
14
...
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0,236
0,241
0,245
4,2
0,248
0,255
0,263
-
-
...
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-
16
3,2
0,316
0,322
0,328
4,6
0,293
0,300
...
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-
-
-
-
18
3,6
0,390
0,398
0,406
...
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0,360
0,380
0,400
-
-
-
-
DN 65 standpipe outlet 1)
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-
-
-
-
2,6
0,088
0,089
0,090
3,4
...
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0,080
0,083
8
-
-
-
-
2,9
0,110
...
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0,114
4,1
0,114
0,117
0,121
10
-
-
-
...
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3,3
0,140
0,143
0,146
4,6
0,143
0,147
0,151
12
...
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0,198
0,199
0,201
3,7
0,180
0,183
0,186
5,2
0,182
...
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0,199
14
2,8
0,23
0,231
0,233
4,2
0,230
0,233
...
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5,7
0,218
0,224
0,230
16
3,2
0,31
0,313
0,315
...
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0,276
0,280
0,284
6,3
0,266
0,273
0,280
18
3,6
...
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0,383
0,385
5,1
0,338
0,342
0,346
7,0
0,329
0,338
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20
4,0
0,464
0,467
0,470
5,6
0,412
0,424
0,418
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0,372
0,385
0,397
1) DN - short for Diameter Nominal, in millimeter (mm).
5.2.2 In order to calculate pump capacity and water reserve for firefighting,
number of streams and fire flow in public buildings in regard to sections
located at a fire height above 50 m must be 4 streams and 2,5 L/s each stream
respectively. Number of streams and fire flow of F5 buildings with fire and
explosion risk classes A, B, C and fire height above 50 m shall be 4 streams
and 5 L/s each stream respectively.
5.2.3 In case of manufacturing facilities and storage facilities that utilize
structure types prone to fire damage, according to Schedule 12, the minimum
fire flow for the purpose of calculating pump capacity and water reserve for
firefighting determined in accordance with Schedule 12 must be increased on a
case-by-case basis as follows:
- When employing steel structures that are not protected by
fire protection measures in buildings with fire resistance categories III, IV
(S2 or S3), as well as structures made from natural wood or MDF board (wood in
this case has been protected by fire protection measures), increase by an
additional 5 L/s;
- When employing combustible materials surrounding
structures of buildings with fire resistance category IV (S2 or S3), increase
by an additional 5 L/s for buildings with up to 10 000 m3 in volume.
Or in case of buildings with more than 10 000 m3 in volume, increase by an
additional 5 L/s for every extra 100 000 m3 and every extra amount
that does not add up to 100 000 m3.
5.2.4 Number of streams serving each fire location shall be 2 in regard to
constructions that require at least 2 streams.
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- In regard to buildings that are not separated by
fire-resistance-rated walls, calculated based on overall volume;
- In regard to buildings that are separated by type 1 or
type 2 fire-resistance-rated walls, calculated based on volume of the building
section that requires the highest fire flow.
When connecting buildings with fire resistance categories I
and II by walkways built out of non-combustible materials and protected by
fire-resistance-rated doors, the volume used for the purpose of calculating
fire flow shall be volume of each building; if the connecting walkways are not
protected by fire-resistance-rated doors, volume of both buildings shall be
used for the purpose of calculating fire flow and the higher fire risk class
shall prevail.
5.2.6 Hydrostatic pressure in domestic - firefighting water system when measured
at sanitary - technical equipment which is located at the lowest water level must
not exceed 0,45 MPa.
Hydrostatic of separate fire extinguishing system measured
at standpipe outlets which are located at the lowest water level must not
exceed 0,90 MPa.
During calculation, if pressure in a fire extinguishing
system exceeds 0,45 MPa, a separate network of fire extinguishing system is
required.
If pressure between valves and couplings of standpipe
outlets exceeds 0,4 MPa, installation of membrane and equipment for adjusting
pressure is required in order to reduce residual pressure.
5.2.7 Discharge pressure of standpipe outlets must be sufficient to maintain
height of solid stream for firefighting at all time of day, even for the
highest and furthest point. Minimum height and radius of solid stream must
equal the height of the area, from the floor to the highest point of the girder
(ceiling), but must not be lower than the following values:
- Not lower than 6 m in case of houses, public buildings,
manufacturing facilities, and auxiliary constructions of industrial facilities
with fire height of up to 50 m;
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- Not lower than 16 m in case of public buildings,
manufacturing facilities and auxiliary constructions of industrial facilities
with fire height above 50 m.
NOTE 1: Pressure of standpipe outlets must be calculated for
hose reels of 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m in length.
NOTE 2: In order to facilitate solid stream with fire flow
of up to 4 L/s, use DN 50 outlets; in case of greater fire flow, use DN 65
outlets. If economic - technical evaluation permits, DN 50 outlets are allowed
for fire flow exceeding 4 L/s
5.2.8 Design of pressure tanks must be able to maintain height of solid stream
above 4 m for the highest storey or the storey below the storey where the tanks
are located, and not lower than 6 m for the other storeys; in this case,
guarantee 2 streams of 2,5 L/s of fire flow each for 10 minutes if the
calculated number of streams is at least 2 or guarantee 1 stream for all other
cases.
When installing standpipe outlets which act as automatic
activation sensors of fire pumps, pressure tanks are not required to be taken
into consideration.
5.2.9 If standpipe outlets are installed separately from automatic fire
extinguishing systems, volume of reserve tanks must contain sufficient water
for use by 1 standpipe outlet and other demand for 1 hour.
If standpipe outlets are installed on automatic fire extinguishing
system, working time of the outlets shall equal working time of the automatic
fire extinguishing system.
5.2.10 In buildings of 6 storeys or higher, if domestic and firefighting water
systems are connected, vertical pipes must be connected in grid on upper
storeys. In this case, in order to change water in the buildings, vertical grid
network must be connected to one or several vertical discharge pipes fitted
with shutoff valves.
Dry pipes systems installed in buildings that are not
heated, shutoff valves must be fitted in areas where they cannot be frozen.
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- Double outlets are allowed on standpipes in manufacturing
facilities and public buildings if calculated number of streams is not lower
than 3, and in houses if calculated number of streams is not lower than 2;
- In houses where corridor length is up to 10 m and number
of streams is 2 for each area, 2 streams are allowed from the same standpipe;
- In houses where corridor length exceeds 10 m as well as
manufacturing facilities and public buildings where at least 2 streams are
required for each area, 2 streams from 2 adjacent fire hose cabinets (2
different outlets).
NOTE 1: Standpipe outlets are required in mechanical floors,
attics, and mechanical basements if they contain materials and structures made
from combustible materials.
NOTE 2: Number of streams per cabinets must not be greater
than 2.
5.2.12 Standpipe outlets must be positioned at a height of 1,20 m ± 0,15 m above
the floor and in ventilated, sealed fire hose cabinets. In case of double
standpipe outlets, they can be positioned vertically and the lower outlet must
be at least 1,0 m away from the floor.
5.2.13 Standpipe system in buildings and constructions must have outlets on the
exterior of the buildings and constructions with proper coupling size to
facilitate connection with portable firefighting equipment. In regard to
buildings of 17 storeys or more, fire department connections (hereinafter
referred to as “FDC”) for standpipe system must be separated into zones
throughout the height of the buildings where each zone is not taller than 50 m.
These connections must be fitted with check valves and openly sealed.
5.2.14 Standpipe outlets must be positioned at entrances to corridors (where
water cannot be frozen) of stairwells (other than smokeproof stairwells),
lobbies, corridors, walkways, and other accessible locations. In this case, the
positioning of standpipe outlets must not obstruct evacuation.
5.2.15 In areas where automatic fire extinguishing system is installed,
standpipe outlets are allowed on DN 65 pipes or larger after control valve
clusters of water sprinkler system.
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5.2.17 Shutoff valves fitted to branch network and larger valves fitted to grid
network of steel pipes must be positioned in a way that each pipe segment only
deactivates at most 5 standpipe outlets on a single storey.
5.2.18 Depending on occupancy of protected structures, the following protection
measures for standpipe outlets are available:
- Measure 1: utilize standpipe outlets with moderate fire
flow. This measure is allowed for all types of constructions;
- Measure 2: utilize standpipe outlets with low fire flow in
combination with dry pipes. This measure is allowed for houses and public
buildings;
- Measure 3: utilize standpipe outlets with low fire flow.
This measure is allowed for constructions equipped with automatic extinguishing
system throughout;
- Measure 4: utilize standpipe outlets with low fire flow in
combination with those with moderate fire flow. This measure is allowed for
houses and public buildings.
NOTE: In the same construction, multiple measures can be
utilized simultaneously.
5.3 Fire pump station
5.3.1 Fire pumps, whether installed separately or in combination with domestic
and/or production water system, require backup pumps with capacity similar to
that of the main pumps. The quantity of backup pumps is regulated as follows:
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- If at least 4 fire pumps are required, at least 2 backup
pumps are required;
Fire pumps must be connected to a grid power source and
generator power source or must utilize internal combustion engine. Backup pumps
or backup power source is not required when water is supplied for manufacturing
facilities, storage facilities with fire resistance categories I or II, fire
and explosion risk classes D or E and the required fire flow for outdoor
firefighting is less than 20 L/s.
5.3.2 Fire pumps can be manually operated or remotely controlled and must be
engaged within 3 minutes of fire alarm activation. If the required fire flow
for outdoor firefighting is at least 25 L/s, a remote control mechanism is
required for fire pumps.
5.3.3 If pressure of standpipe system is insufficient to supply the outlets, a
remote control apparatus must be positioned in the same area as the standpipe
outlets.
6 FIREFIGHTING AND RESCUE
6.1 Buildings and constructions must be able to facilitate firefighting and
rescue via the following solutions: structural, premise - spatial arrangement,
technical - construction, and organization.
These solutions include:
- Situate fire lanes, fire engine parking spaces, and other
accesses for fire brigade and firefighting equipment in combination with roads
and walkways depending on occupancies of the buildings or separately;
- Situate outdoor fire escape stairs and other necessary
equipment in order to allow fire brigade and other firefighting equipment to
reach all storeys and the roof of the buildings, including elevators equipped
with “Fire service mode” (hereinafter referred to as “fire service elevators”);
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- Install smoke protection measures on passages of fire
brigade;
- Equip life-saving equipment throughout the buildings;
- Situate and build fire prevention, firefighting
constructions and fire stations based on the number of employees and
firefighting equipment in order to meet firefighting conditions of
constructions or areas within the service radius of these stations according to
applicable laws.
The aforementioned solutions shall be selected based on fire
resistance category, fire risk level of structures, and fire risk category by
function of buildings and constructions.
With respect to areas with insufficient public traffic and
water supply infrastructures according to this Regulation, firefighting and
rescue solutions shall conform to specific guidelines of local fire prevention
and firefighting authorities.
6.2 Fire lane and fire engine parking space
6.2.1 General requirements
6.2.1.1 Clear width of road surface for fire engines must not be lower than 3,5
m.
6.2.1.2 Fire engine parking lot must have sufficient clear width to allow fire
engines to enter and deploy firefighting equipment depending on fire height and
fire risk category by functions under Schedule 14.
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Fire risk category by function /
Parking space dimension
Fire engine parking space, m, corresponding to fire height
of building, m
≤ 15
> 15 and ≤ 28 1)
> 28
1. F1.3 buildings
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a) Width of fire engine parking space
Not required
≥ 6
≥ 6
b) Length of fire engine parking space
Not required
≥ 15
≥ 15
2. Buildings of other fire risk categories
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a) Width of fire engine parking space
Not required
≥ 6
≥ 6
b) Length of fire engine parking space
See Schedule 15 and Schedule 16
See Schedule 15 and Schedule 16
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1) Fire engine parking space is not required if occupant load of each
storey, according to Schedule G.9 (Appendix G), does not exceed 50 people and
the distance from fire lane to FDCs must not exceed 18 m.
6.2.1.3 Overhead structures on fire lane and fire engine parking space are
allowed only when all of the following conditions are met:
- Clear height must not be lower than 4,5 m;
- Length of the overhead structures (measured along the
length of fire lane and fire engine parking space) must not exceed 10 m;
- If at least 2 overhead structures are installed above fire
lane or fire engine parking space, the clearance between these structures must
not be lower than 20 m;
- Length of the last segments of fire lane or fire engine
parking space which are not obstructed to the sky by overhead structures must
not be less than 20 m;
- Length of fire engine parking space must not include
segments covered by overhead structures.
6.2.1.4 Entry from an elevated position (hereinafter referred to as “elevated
entry”) must be located along the exterior wall that faces fire engine parking
space in a manner that conforms to 6.3 in order to facilitate firefighting and
rescue operations.
6.2.2 Requirements for fire lane and fire engine parking space are as follows:
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6.2.2.2 F1.3 buildings with fire height exceeding 15 m must meet all of the
requirements below:
- Build fire lane within 18 m of travel distance from the
end point of entrances leading to all vestibules of fire service elevators or
of exit access stairwells fitted with DN 65 FDCs intended for use by fire
brigade (of dry pipe system);
- Build fire engine parking spaces which grant access to at
least one exterior side of each block. Fire engine parking spaces must be
within 2 m and 10 m from exterior wall of the building;
- Design of fire engine parking spaces and fire lane must
satisfy requirements under Schedule 14.
6.2.2.3 Each area of F1.1, F1.2, F2, F3, and F4 buildings or building sections
with fire height exceeding 15 m that is fitted with elevated entry must be
accompanied by a fire engine parking space to facilitate access to doorways of
elevated access. Length of fire engine parking space shall conform to Schedule
15 depending on accessible floor area of the storey that has the highest
accessible floor area. In case of buildings with floor penetrations, the value
shall be calculated as follows:
a) In case of buildings with floor penetrations, including
floor penetrations between basements and above-ground storeys, accessible floor
area shall equal the sum of accessible floor area of all penetrated floors;
b) In case of buildings with at least 2 groups of floor
penetrations, accessible floor area must equal the sum of accessible floor area
of the largest group;
c) In case of F5 buildings, a fire engine parking space is
required for firefighting equipment. The length of the fire engine parking
space shall comply with Schedule 16 depending on total compartment volume
(excluding basements).
If manufacturing conditions do not require entrance, fire
lane can be road segments that are 3,5 m wide and reinforced by materials that
can support load of fire engines and discharge surface water.
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When necessary, the distance from the inner edge of the road
to the exterior wall of the buildings and constructions can be increased to 60
m as long as these buildings and constructions are led to from dead-end streets,
have turnarounds for fire engines, and have hydrants nearby. In this case, the
distance from buildings and constructions to the turnarounds for fire engines must
range from 5 m to 15 m and distance between dead-end streets must not exceed
100 m.
NOTE 1: Width of buildings and constructions shall be
determined by dimension lines
NOTE 2: In regard to reservoirs employed for firefighting
purposes, an entrance yard is required with each side not shorter than 12 m
Schedule 15 - Length of fire engine
parking space for F1.1, F1.2, F2, F3, F4 buildings or building sections
Accessible floor area, m2
Required length of fire engine
parking space, based on building circumference, m
Non sprinkler-protected building
Sprinkler-protected building
≤ 2 000
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1/6 of the circumference and not
lower than 15 m
> 2 000 and ≤ 4 000
1/4 of the circumference
1/6 of the circumference and not
lower than 15 m
> 4 000 and ≤ 8 000
1/2 of the circumference
1/4 of the circumference
> 8 000 and ≤ 16 000
3/4 of the circumference
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> 16 000 and ≤ 32 000
Surrounding the building premise 1)
3/4 of the circumference
> 32 000
Surrounding the building premise 1)
Surrounding the building premise 1)
1) Fire engine parking space is not required to be parallel to the
building premise as long as requirements under 6.2.3 are fulfilled
Schedule 16 - Length of fire engine
parking space of F5 buildings
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Required length of fire engine
parking space, based on building circumference, m
Non sprinkler-protected building
Sprinkler-protected building
≤ 28 400
1/6 of the circumference and not
lower than 15 m
1/6 of the circumference and not
lower than 15 m
> 28 400 and ≤ 56 800
1/4 of the circumference
1/6 of the circumference and not
lower than 15 m
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1/2 of the circumference
1/4 of the circumference
> 85 200 and ≤ 113 600
3/4 of the circumference
1/4 of the circumference
> 113 600 and ≤ 170 400
Surrounding the building premise 1)
1/2 of the circumference
> 170 400 and ≤ 227 200
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3/4 of the circumference
> 227 200
Surrounding the building premise 1)
Surrounding the building premise 1)
1) Fire engine parking space is not required to be parallel to the
building premise as long as requirements under 6.2.3 are fulfilled.
6.2.2.4 Fire lane or fire engine parking space of multipurpose building must
meet the following requirements:
a) If non-residential building sections (of category other
than F1.3) are located in the lower portion of the building, fire height that
serves the calculation of fire lane or fire engine parking space requirements
must be based on the non-residential sections of the building;
b) If multipurpose building does not contain F1.3 building
section, the required length of fire lane or fire engine parking space must use
the greater value which is determined by:
- Total compartment volume of F5 building sections; or
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c) If multipurpose building contains F1.3 building sections,
the required length of fire engine parking space must be calculated in
accordance with 6.2.2.3 and must fulfill requirements under 6.2.2.
Basements are required to have fire lane within 18 m from
above-ground entrances of vestibules of fire service elevators or exit access stairwells
fitted with DN 65 FDCs intended for fire brigade (of dry pipe system).
6.2.3 Fire engine parking space must be positioned in a way that the
horizontal distance from the inner edge of the parking space to the center
point of the elevated entry is not closer than 2 m and not further than 10 m.
6.2.4 Fire engine parking space must have a level surface. If the parking
space is located on a slope, the pitch must not exceed 1:15. The pitch of fire
lane must not exceed 1:8,3.
6.2.5 If the length of fire lane or dead end fire engine parking space is
greater than 46 m, a turnaround must be built at the end of the dead-end
segment in accordance with 6.4.
6.2.6 Public roads can be used as fire engine parking space if they meet
requirements pertaining to distance to elevated entry under 6.2.3
6.2.7 Fire lane and fire engine parking space must be clear of obstacles at
all time. The void between fire engine parking space and elevated entry must
not be obstructed by trees or other stationary objects.
6.2.8 All corners of fire engine parking space and fire lane must be marked on
both sides which are no more than 5 m apart by reflective paint which must be
visible at night, unless public roads are used as fire engine parking space or fire
lane.
Signs must be erected at starting points and end points of fire
lane or fire engine parking space and must contain white background, red
letters, and minimum letter height of 50 mm. The height from ground level to
the lowest point of the signs must vary between 1,0 m to 1,5 m. The signs must
be visible at night and must be no more than 3 m away from fire lane or fire
engine parking space. All parts of fire lane or fire engine parking space must
not be more than 15 m away from the nearest signs.
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6.3 Elevated entry for firefighting and rescue
6.3.1 Elevated entry must be clear and unobstructed at all time while the
building is occupied. Elevated entry can be openings of the exterior wall,
windows, balconies, walls fitted with glass, and doors that can be opened from
both sides. Items and objects of all kind that can obstruct travel must not be
located within 1 m of floorspace of elevated entry on the building side.
6.3.2 Elevated entry must face an occupied space. Elevated entry must not be
located in storage rooms, machine rooms, exit access stairwells, smoke
protected lobbies, fire service elevator lobbies, or a space that lead to a
dead end.
6.3.3 The outside of doors of elevated entry must be marked by a sign which is
a red or yellow equilateral triangle, has minimum side length of 150 mm, has
one of its vertices pointing up or down, contains the phrase “LỐI VÀO TỪ TRÊN
CAO - KHÔNG DƯỢC GÂY CẢN TRỞ” (ELEVATED ENTRY - STAY CLEAR) with minimum letter
height of 25 mm.
6.3.4 Elevated entry must have minimum width of 850 mm, minimum height of 1
000 mm, lower edge at least 1 100 mm away from the floor on the building side,
and upper edge at most 1 800 mm away from the floor on the building side.
6.3.5 Quantity and position of elevated entry of each fire compartment of the
building or building section of category other than F1.3 must meet the
following requirements:
In case of F1.1, F1.2, F2, F3, F4, and F5 buildings, the
required number of elevated entry must be calculated depending on the length of
fire engine parking space. Every segment that is at most 20 m in length
requires an elevated entry;
- Elevated entry must be physically distant from one another
and positioned along the side of the building. The maximum distance between the
center of any two elevated entries served by the same fire engine parking space
measured on the exterior wall must not exceed 20 m. Elevated entry must be distributed
in a way that at least 1 elevated entry is guaranteed for every 20 m in length
of the fire engine parking space, except for sections of single-storey
buildings of category other than F5;
- In case F1.1, F1.2, F2, F3, and F4 buildings with fire
height ranging from exceeding 15 m to 50 m, elevated entry is required on every
storey but the first storey and must face fire engine parking space;
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Elevated entry requirements do not apply to F1.3 buildings,
including auxiliary sections (for example: gym, club room, rooms with similar
occupancies for the building inhabitants) thereof.
6.4 The turnaround must be:
- An equilateral triangle which has side length not less
than 7 m, one vertex at the dead end, and 2 other vertices on both sides of the
road;
- A square which has side length not less than 12 m;
- A circle which has diameter not less than 10 m;
- A square which is perpendicular to the dead end,
distributed evenly to both sides of the road, not smaller than 5 m x 20 m.
NOTE: The dimensions mentioned above are the minimum
dimensions, local fire and rescue departments can introduce specific
regulations based on technical requirements of firefighting equipment of each
area.
6.5 If the road only allows a single lane, every 100 m or less of road
length must contain an extended segment which is at least 8 m long and 7 m wide
to allow fire engines and other vehicles to avoid collision.
6.6 Two-storey buildings or higher that have flat roof or pitched roof whose
slope is less than 25% and are 10 m or more in height which is calculated from
ground level to the roof overhang or upper edge of exterior wall (wall
surrounding the roof) must have roof access from stairwells or through attics
or through type 3 stairwells or exterior fire escape stairs.
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Fire escape stairs are not required on the front side of the
building if the building's width does not exceed 150 m and water pipes for
firefighting are installed in front of the building.
6.7 Attics of the building, except F1.4 building, must have roof access via
fixed staircases and doors, hatches, or windows no smaller than 0,6 m x 0,8 m.
Roof access or attic access from stairwells must be
positioned along stringers, led from landings, through type 2
fire-resistance-rated doors which are not smaller than 0,75 m x 1,5 m. The
aforementioned stringers and landings can be made of steel and must have
minimum pitch (slope) of 2:1 (63,5o) and minimum width of 0,7 m.
Attic access or roof access in F1, F2, F3, and F4 buildings
with up to 15 m of fire height can be led from stairwells to type 2
fire-resistance-rated hatches with dimensions of 0,6 m x 0,8 m and to fixed
steel ladder.
6.8 Clear height of walkways must not be less than 1,8 m in mechanical
floors, including mechanical floors in the basements and attics, or not be less
than 1,6 m in attics throughout the building. The width of these walkways must
not be less than 1,2 m. The clear height and width can be reduced to 1,2 m and
0,9 m respectively in separate segments of up to 2 m in length.
6.9 Buildings with attic mezzanines require hatches on enclosing structures
of corners of the attics.
6.10 Areas where roof height changes by more than 1,0 (including those
supporting light-transmitting openings - vents) must be accompanied by fire
escape stairs.
Areas where roof height changes by more than 10 m are not
required to be accompanied by fire escape stairs if a dedicated roof access
satisfactory to 6.6 is built for every roof area larger than 100 m2
or if height of lower section of the roof according to 6.6 is not more than 10
m.
6.11 If roof access is provide by means of outside fire escape stairs
according to requirements under 6.6, P1 fire escape stairs are required to
reach a height up to 20 m and areas where roof height changes from 1,0 m to 20
m; P2 fire escape stairs are required to reach a height above 20 m and areas
where roof height changes more than 20 m.
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6.12 A minimum clearance of 100 mm must be provided between stringers and
guardrails thereof.
6.13 Each fire compartment of building with fire height exceeding 28 m (or
exceeding 50 m in case of F1.3 building) or building where distance from the
floor of the lowest basement to the exit discharge is greater than 9 m requires
at least one fire service elevator.
NOTE: Other technical requirements such as electric cables,
control, signal transmission, communication systems, fire protection equipment,
and similar systems must conform to specific national technical regulations
applicable to fire service elevators
The positioning and installation of fire service elevators
must meet the following basic requirements:
- Elevators primarily used for cargo transport must not be
used as fire service elevators;
- In normal condition, fire service elevators can be used
for human transportation. Fire service elevators can be built in a separate
elevator lobby or in the same elevator lobby as other passenger elevators and
controlled by an automatic group control system;
- Fire service elevator quantity must be calculated to
ensure a maximum travel distance of 60 m from any point on a storey to the
nearest fire service elevator;
- If only one fire service elevator is installed, that
elevator must be able to reach all storeys adjacent to the burning storeys;
- If multiple fire service elevators are situated in the
same shaft, these elevators can serve different sections of the building as
long as area of service of each elevator must be depicted thereon;
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- Every refuge floor must be served by at least one fire
service elevator;
- In normal mode, fire service elevator must not open at
these refuge floors while hoistway doors on the refuge floors must remain
locked at all time and shall only be unlocked automatically when fire service
mode is engaged.
In case of fire, all fire service elevators must allow
firemen to:
- Be the only person controlling and operating the fire
service elevator to reach the fire while carrying their equipment in an easy,
familiar, safe, and rapid manner;
- Be protected from fire and smoke hazards by appropriate
solutions, especially when they exit the elevators;
- Have a clear and safe means to access the elevators and
access storeys served by the elevators;
- Access potentially burning storeys of the building when at
least 2 fire service elevators are installed without having to traverse more
than 2 storeys;
- Be protected in separate elevator shafts (instead of sharing
elevator shafts with other elevators), each of which shall only facilitate no
more than 3 fire service elevators. Enclosing structures of elevator shafts
must have minimum fire-resistance rating of REI 120.
Lobby of fire service elevator shall be a vestibule and:
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- Shall not be smaller than 6 m2 if it is
combined with lobby of smokeproof stairwell;
- Shall be enclosed by type 1 fire-resistance-rated
partitions;
- Shall be fitted with DN 65 FDCs for fire brigade;
- Shall allow fire brigade to access every room on every
storey of the building;
- Shall have minimum load of 630 kg if the elevator is built
in F1.3 apartment building or 1 000 kg if the elevator is built in
manufacturing facility or other public structure;
- Shall have minimum speed of H/60 (m/s) where H refers to
the lifting height (m);
- Have enclosing structures of elevator cabs made from
non-combustible materials or mildly flammable materials.
6.14 Guardrails or handrails compliant with applicable standards are required
on roof of buildings where roof pitch is 12 % or less and height from ground
level to roof overhang or upper edge of the exterior wall exceeds 10 m and on
roof of buildings where roof pitch exceeds 12 % and height from ground level to
roof overhang exceeds 7 m. These guardrails and handrails are also required on
flat roofs, balconies, loggias, open corridors, outdoor open staircases, stair
stringers and landings regardless of fire height of the building.
6.15 Water supply system for firefighting of building must allow access and
use by fire brigade and firefighting equipment at all time.
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6.17 Fire command center
6.17.1 Houses and public structures with more than 10 storeys; buildings with 2
to 3 basements; public assembly structures (theaters, cinemas, discotheques,
karaoke venues that require at least 2 exit accesses according to A.4, and
buildings with similar occupancies where occupant load of each storey according
to Schedule G.9 (Appendix G) exceeds 50 people); garages (parking spaces for
motor vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles), manufacturing facilities, storage
facilities with total floor area exceeding 18 000 m2 require fire
command centers which must be stationed by standby trained employees on a
regular basis.
6.17.2 Fire command center must:
- Be large enough to accommodate equipment required by the
building’s fire protection requirements and not smaller than 6 m2;
- Have 2 entryways: one of which leads to an outdoor open
space and the other leads to the main corridors for evacuation;
- Be physically separated from other sections of the
building by type 1 fire-resistance-rated fire protection assemblies;
- Be fitted with communication devices and act as contact
point of fire alarm system to keep contact with other sections of the building;
- Be fitted with panels to monitor and control fire
extinguishing equipment, smoke control equipment, and contain layout of the
building which specifies location of firefighting equipment.
6.18 All basements in a building with 2 to 3 basements must be equipped with
two-way emergency communication system to facilitate communication between fire
command centers and:
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- All rooms equipped with control units of smoke control
system;
- Fire service elevators;
- Emergency holding areas;
- Ventilation system control rooms.
7 ORGANIZING IMPLEMENTATION
7.1 Transition clauses
7.1.1 Construction design dossiers that have been revised or approved for fire
prevention and firefighting by competent authorities before the effective date
hereof shall remain effective and shall be complied with.
7.1.2 Construction design dossiers that have been revised or approved for fire
prevention and firefighting by competent authorities from the effective date
hereof must comply with this Regulation.
7.2 Ministry of Construction is responsible for popularizing and guiding the
application of this Regulation to relevant entities.
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7.4 Local competent authorities in fire prevention and firefighting and
construction are responsible for cooperating in promulgating regulations
pertaining to technical specifications in order to design and build fire lane
and fire engine parking space depending on characteristics of local
firefighting equipment.
7.5 Difficulties that arise during the implementation of this Regulation
should be reported to the Science - Technology and Environment Department -
Ministry of Construction.
APPENDIX A
(regulations)
ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO
SPECIFIC BUILDING TYPES
A.1 Manufacturing facility and storage facility
A.1.1 Scope
A.1.1.1 F5.1 and F5.2 manufacturing facilities for producing products and goods
with up to 1 basement.
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A.1.1.3 Not applicable to the following buildings and rooms:
a) Storage facilities and storage rooms for storing
(keeping) dried mineral fertilizer, plant protection chemicals, radioactive
substances, non-flammable gases contained in bottles at pressure greater than
70 kPa, cement, cotton, wheat flour, cattle feed, fur, fur-based products, and
agricultural products;
b) Buildings or rooms used as cold storage and cereal
storage;
c) Manufacturing facilities with at least 2 basements.
A.1.1.4 Not applicable to manufacturing facilities that employ foreign standards
pertaining to fire prevention and firefighting in design according to
Vietnamese laws as long as competent fire and rescue police departments
approve.
A.1.2 General provisions
A.1.2.1 Total building area shall equal the sum of area of all storeys (above-ground
storeys, including mechanical floors, semi-basements, and basements) which is
measured within the inside of surrounding walls (or the center of surrounding
pillars in regard to areas that lack surrounding walls); tunnels; floors of
supporting platforms, floors of mezzanines; floors of other supporting
platforms in the buildings; loading platforms (docks); corridors in the
buildings and corridors connecting other buildings. Total building area shall
not include: area of mechanical floors whose height from the floor to the
lowest point of upper protruding structure is less than 1,8 m (where walkways
for maintaining service ducts are not required); area above the dropped
ceiling; floor areas of multi-level supporting platforms used for maintaining rails
below bridge crane, maintaining crane, conveyor belts, monorails, and lighting
appliances.
A room whose clear height extends to 2 storeys in a multistorey
building shall be included in total building area of a storey.
For the purpose of determining the total number of storeys
of the building, the floor of each supporting platform and mezzanine that is
located at any elevation and larger than 40% of a storey’s area shall count as
one storey.
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Building area shall be determined by outside circumference
of buildings at height of the wall skirt, including any projection, underpass,
and building section that lacks enclosing structures.
A.1.2.2 Building volume shall be the sum of volume of the above-ground sections
calculated from the reference plane and the below-ground sections from the
finish floor of the lowest basement to the reference plane.
Volume of above-ground sections and below-ground sections of
the building shall be calculated by exterior dimensions of enclosing
structures, including light-transmitting openings and vents of each section of
the building.
A.1.2.3 Height of rooms calculated from the floor to the lowest point of ceiling
or roof projection must not be lower than 2,2 m. Height of regularly attended
walkways and means of egress calculated from the floor to the lowest point of
service duct and equipment projection must not be lower than 2,0 m; such height
of non-regularly attended walkways must not be lower than 1,8 m. Clear height
of passages for fire engine entrance must not be lower than 4,5 m.
A.1.2.4 In regard to mechanical floors, if the involved technology requires
walkways for maintenance of technical equipment, service ducts, and auxiliary
technology equipment located therein, the height of these walkways must be
selected in a manner that satisfies A.1.2.3.
A.1.2.5 Exits from basements must be located outside of operation range of
lifting and carrying equipment.
A.1.2.6 Width of vestibules and fire protection vestibules outside of elevator
doors must be at least 0,5 m wider than elevator door width (0,25 m to each
door leaf), and depth of these vestibules must not be less than 1,2 and must be
at least 0,2 m wider than elevator door width.
If these structures are used by wheelchair-bound persons,
these vestibules must be at least 1,8 m deep and at least 1,4 m wide.
A.1.2.7 Rooms with fire and explosion risk classes A and B are required to be
fitted with detachable exterior sheets.
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- Steel, aluminum;
- Soft roof tiles, metal roof tiles;
- Rock and materials that retain heat effectively.
Area of detachable exterior sheets must be determined via
calculation. If figures for calculation are insufficient, area of detachable
exterior sheets must not be less than 0,05 m2 per 1 m3 of
volume of class A rooms and not be less than 0,03 m2 per 1 m3
of volume of class B rooms.
NOTE 1: If glass of 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm thick is used as
detachable exterior sheets, the minimum area must be 0,8 m2, 1,0 m2,
and 1,5 m2 respectively. Tempered glass, double pane, triple pane,
stalinite glass, and polycarbonate are not allowed for use as detachable
exterior sheets.
NOTE 2: Roll-type coverings of detachable exterior sheets of
the roof must be grouped into sections not larger than 180 m2.
NOTE 3: Calculated load of detachable exterior sheets on the
roof must not exceed 0,7 kPa.
A.1.3 Premise - spatial arrangement
A.1.3.1 In regard to building where height from ground plane to upper edge or
ledge of walls supporting the roof exceeds or equals 10 m, every 40 000 m2
of roof surface requires 1 roof access, roof surface that does not add up to 40
000 m2 also requires 1 roof access. Roof access shall be outdoor
open steel stairs in case of single-storey building or stairwells in case of multistorey
building.
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A.1.3.2 The positioning of rooms with different fire and explosion risk classes
in the same building and separation thereof must comply with fire-resistance
rating requirements of enclosing structures of those rooms, means of egress,
exit accesses, smoke ventilation equipment, vestibules, fire protection
vestibules, stairwells, ladders, and roof accesses mentioned under relevant
sections of this Regulation and specialized regulations and standards.
Rooms with storage and administrative occupancies are
allowed in manufacturing facilities; storeys with manufacturing or
administrative occupancies are allowed in storage facilities if fire separation
distance under Appendix E and relevant regulations of this Regulation are
fulfilled.
In regard to S0 single-storey transit storage (bonded
warehouses) with fire resistance category I or II, if exit corridors are
enclosed by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and maintained at positive
pressure in case of fire, the length of these corridors shall be excluded from
the length of means of egress.
A.1.3.3 If storage is located in manufacturing facilities, the maximum area and
height (number of storeys) of storage in a fire compartment must not exceed
values under Appendix H.
If area of supporting platform floor, multilevel supporting
platform floor, and mezzanine floor exceeds 40% of floor area, floor area shall
be determined in the same manner as multistorey building.
A.1.3.4 If technology lines with different fire and explosion risk classes are
located in the same room or building, measures must be taken to prevent the
spread of fire and explosion between these technology lines. Effectiveness of
these measures must be assessed in technology section of the project. If
selected measures are ineffective, technology lines with different fire and
explosion risk classes must be positioned in separate rooms and be physically
separated in accordance with Appendix E.
A.1.3.5 Basements containing C1, C2, C3 rooms must be separated into fire
subcompartments no larger than 3 000 m2 each by type 1 fire-resistance-rated
partitions. These fire subcompartments must be fitted with smoke protection in
accordance with Appendix D. The upper floor of these basements must be at least
type 3 fire-resistance-rated floors. These storeys must be physically separated
from corridors by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions.
Corridors must have minimum width of 2 m and lead directly
outside or through a smokeproof stairwells.
A.1.3.6 All parts of loading platforms (docks) and enclosing structures thereof
that are adjacent to S0, S1 buildings with fire resistance categories I, II,
III, and IV must be made of non-combustible materials.
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A.1.3.8 Selection of structures and materials of finish and coatings of storage
facilities and storage rooms must take into account related factors in order to
minimize dust.
Floor surface in areas where combustible gas, dust, liquid,
and other substances at an appropriate concentration which combust or explode
upon contact with sparks caused by collision with the floor or static charge
can form must be protected from static build up and sparks caused by collision.
Storage of goods where temperature exceeds 60 oC must
utilize heat-resistant floor.
A.1.3.9 Storage rooms in manufacturing facilities must be isolated from rooms of
other occupancies according to below regulations.
Manufacturing rooms, mechanical rooms, and storage rooms (F5
fire risk category by function) with fire and explosion risk classes C1 to C3
which are positioned in houses and public buildings, unless otherwise
specified, must be physically separated from other rooms and corridors by:
- Type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and at least type
2 fire-resistance-rated floors in case of buildings with fire resistance
category I; or
- Type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and at least type
3 fire-resistance-rated floors in case of buildings with fire resistance
categories I, II, III, IV.
Storage rooms, manufacturing rooms, laboratories, and rooms
with similar occupancies with fire and explosion risk classes of C1, C2, and C3
or higher are not allowed in other buildings with expected occupant load of 50
people.
Manufacturing rooms, mechanical rooms, and storage rooms
with fire and explosion risk class of C4 located in houses or public buildings
must be physically separated from other rooms and corridors by at least type 2
fire-resistance-rated corridors.
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NOTE: High racks mean racks that are taller than 5,5 m
A.1.3.10 Storage of goods with fire and explosion risk class of C on
high racks must be located in S0 single-storey buildings with fire resistance
categories I through IV.
Racks must have horizontal platforms that are solid, made of
non-combustible materials, and no more than 4 m away from one another
vertically.
A.1.3.11 If a storage room with the same fire and explosion risk
class is physically separated by partitions due to technology or hygiene
requirements, requirements applicable to the partitions must be specified in
the technology presentation of the project.
A.1.3.12 Window openings of storage facilities must be additionally
fitted with awning windows whose area is determined in a manner that guarantees
smoke ventilation in case of fire.
Windows are not required in storage rooms if smoke
ventilation system compliant with Appendix D has been installed.
A.2 F1.2, F4.2, F4.3 buildings (with fire height from
exceeding 50 m to 150 m) and multipurpose buildings
A.2.1 These buildings must have minimum fire resistance category of I.
A.2.2 These buildings must be physically separated into fire compartments
longitudinally where height of each fire compartment must not exceed 50 m. Fire
compartments must be physically separated by fire-resistance-rated walls and
fire-resistance-rated floors or mechanical floors. Mechanical floors shall be
physically separated by fire-resistance-rated floors with minimum
fire-resistance rating of REI 90. Fire-resistance ratings of these fire-resistance-rated
walls and fire-resistance-rated floors shall conform to A.2.24.
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A.2.3 The maximum allowable area of an above-ground storey contained in a fire
compartment is:
- Not larger than 3 000 m2 - for base blocks;
- Not larger than 1 500 m2 - for F1.2 buildings
(hotels, dorms);
- Not larger than 2 000 m2 - for F1.3 buildings;
- Not larger than 2 500 m2 - for remaining cases.
Walls and partitions between blocks must have fire-resistance
ratings not lower than values under A.2.24.
A.2.4 Rooms with assembly occupancy and number of fixed seats ranging from
exceeding 300 to 600 must not be located at fire height above 15 m; number of
fixed seats ranging from exceeding 150 - 300 must not be located at fire height
above 40 m; number of fixed seats ranging from 100 to 150 must not be located
at fire height above 50 m. Public rooms located at fire height above 50 m must
have no more than 100 fixed seats.
A.2.5 If F3.2 and F3.6 food and drink vendors and public rooms are located at
fire height above 50 m and have occupant load exceeding 50 people according to
Schedule G.9 (Appendix G), travel distance from exit accesses of all rooms in
the building to the nearest smokeproof stairwell must not exceed 20 m.
NOTE: In regard to storeys located at fire height above 50 m
without corridors enclosed by fire protection assemblies according to A.2.24,
travel distance to the entrance of smokeproof stairwells must be calculated
from the furthest point of rooms.
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A.2.6 Rooms with assembly occupancy where occupant load may exceed 500 people
must be physically separated from other rooms by fire-resistance-rated walls
and floors whose fire-resistance ratings comply with A.2.24. Travel distance
from exit accesses of these rooms to the nearest smokeproof stairwells must not
exceed 20 m.
A.2.7 Rooms regularly attended by persons with disabilities must not be
located at any storey above the second storey. Rooms regularly attended by wheelchair-bound
persons must not be located at any storey above the first storey.
If persons with disabilities attend upper storeys,
additional measures must be taken to ensure that they can safely move towards
exit accesses or emergency holding areas in case of fire. The additional
measures must be explained via calculations on the basis of applicable standard
documents.
A.2.8 Storage rooms of newspaper, written materials, and combustible materials
that are larger than 50 m2 must not be located at fire height above 50 m or
below or adjacent to rooms with occupant load exceeding 50 people according to
Schedule G.9 (Appendix G).
A.2.9 Rooms with fire and explosion risk classes of A and B are not allowed in
the building.
A.2.10 Transformers of substations positioned in or adjacent to the building
must be dry-type transformer or oil-type transformers filled with insulating
oil, located on the first storey, semi-basement, the first basement, or any
mechanical floor. Electrical substations must be physically separated by fire
protection assemblies with fire-resistance rating compliant with A.2.24.
Diesel generators are allowed as independent power source
and backup power source. In this case, rooms that contain diesel generators can
be located in the first basement or higher of building or detached building
when the following requirements are met:
- Fire-resistance ratings of load bearing walls and floors
of these rooms must not be lower than REI 180;
- Travel between rooms that contain diesel generators and
other rooms must cross type 1 fire protection vestibules which are maintained
at positive pressure in case of fire;
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- Analysis instruments must be installed in order to detect
fuel leak and emit signals to rooms of fire stations; emergency venting must
also be installed in form of mechanical ventilation;
- Automatic fire extinguishing equipment must be installed
in rooms where diesel generators are located;
- Volume of oil containers in frame structures of each
diesel generator must not exceed 1 m3;
- Capacity of diesel generator and the supply, storage of
fuel must guarantee operation of fire protection systems and must be determined
depending on necessary activation time of the generators in case of fire.
Generators running on gas are allowed in detached building
as long as fire safety requirements under relevant standard documents are
fulfilled.
A.2.11 Elevator lobbies must be physically separated from adjacent corridors
and rooms by fire-resistance-rated partitions with fire-resistance rating
compliant with A.2.24.
Materials of elevator cabs must be similar to those of fire
service elevators.
A.2.12 Fire service elevators are required in separate elevator shafts with
independent elevator lobbies. Exit discharges from these elevators must not go
through common lobbies.
The number of fire service elevators in each fire
compartment must be calculated to ensure that travel distance from these
elevators to any point of storeys that they serve must not exceed 45 m.
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Tile and finish materials of enclosing structural elements
of cabs shall conform to A.2.25.
A.2.13 Fire-resistance rating of elevator shafts and elevator machine rooms
shall conform to A.2.24.
A.2.14 Corridors must be separated into compartments by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions. Fire-resistance-rated doors installed on
these fire-resistance-rated partitions must be fitted with door closers and
have their clearance (other than bottom clearance) sealed. The length of each
corridor compartment must:
- Not exceed 30 m in case of residential blocks.
- Not exceed 60 m in case of non-residential blocks.
A.2.15 All smokeproof stairwells of building must have discharges on the first
storey and roof accesses through type 1 fire-resistance-rated doors.
A.2.16 Means of egress must be designed for 1,25 times the occupant load (other
than rooms where performance shows take place and other rooms with regulated
number of seats).
A.2.17 If sections of a building or storey are simultaneously occupied by
different types of occupants or serve multiple occupancies at the same time,
evacuation requirements of the entire building or storey must be calculated on
the basis of whichever occupancy has the strictest evacuation requirements or
evacuation requirements must be determined for each building section
individually.
A.2.18 If a building, a storey, or a section thereof serves multiple
occupancies at different time of day, the occupancy that involves the highest
occupant load must serve as the basis for determining evacuation requirements.
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A.2.20 Refuge floors and emergency holding areas compliant with A.3.2 are
required in buildings with fire height above 100 m.
A.2.21 Fire lanes and fire engine parking spaces compliant with 6.2 are
required.
A.2.22 Maintenance rooms for on-site firefighting equipment must be equipped in
accordance with applicable laws and located on the storey below each fire
compartment. Storage room of first-aid firefighting equipment on the first
storey must be adjacent to room where fire protection system control center is
located. Storage rooms of first-aid firefighting equipment in fire compartments
on upper storeys must be at most 30 m away from smokeproof stairwells or fire
service elevators.
A.2.23 Prevention of flame spread on the building exterior must conform to 4.32
and 4.33.
A.2.24 Fire resistance requirements of buildings structures and components
A.2.24.1 Fire-resistance rating of structural elements must not be
lower than values under Schedule A.1.
Schedule A.1 - Minimum
fire-resistance rating of structural elements
Name of structural elements
(building components)
Minimum fire-resistance rating of
building with fire height of, m
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> 100 and ≤ 150
(1)
(2)
(3)
1. Load bearing pillars, load bearing walls, bracing
structures, truss, parts of floor between storeys and roofs of buildings
where attics are absent (girders, beams, floorboards) 1)
R 150
R 180
2. Non-load bearing exterior walls
E 60
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3. Floors between storeys (including attics and storeys
above the basements)
REI 120
REI 120
4. Parts of the roof
4.1 Tiles
RE 30
RE 30
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R 30
R 30
5. Parts of the roof serving evacuation and rescue
5.1 Tiles
RE 120
RE 120
5.2 Girders, beams, purlins, frames, bracing
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R 180
6. Staircase structures
6.1 Inner walls
REI 150
REI 180
6.2 Stringers and landings
R 60
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7. Fire-resistance-rated walls and fire-resistance-rated
floors
REI 150
REI 180
8. Shaft structures
8.1 Elevator shafts, service duct shafts, technical ducts
and trays that do not penetrate fire compartments
REI 120
REI 120
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REI 150 1)
REI 180 1)
9. Non-load bearing inner walls (partitions)
9.1 Inner walls between dwelling units of hotels, offices,
and similar rooms
El 60
El 60
9.2 Walls separating rooms from atriums; corridors from
dwelling units of hotels and offices
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El (EIW) 60
9.3 Separating walls for emergency generators and diesel
power stations
REI 180
REI 180
9.4 Walls separating mercantile rooms larger than 2 000 m2
and separating assembly rooms with occupant load exceeding 500 people
El 180
El 180
9.5 Walls separating flats from one another
El 90
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9.6 Walls separating flats from corridors and from other
rooms
El 30
El 60
9.7 Walls separating elevator lobbies
El (EIW) 60
El (EIW) 60
9.8 Walls separating elevator lobbies from vestibules of fire
service elevators
El (EIW) 60
El (EIW) 90
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El (EIW) 60
El (EIW) 60
9.10 Walls separating rooms of life service venues larger
than 300 m2
El 60
El 60
9.11 Walls separating rooms storing newspaper, printed
materials, and similar
El 90
El 120
9.12 Walls separating rooms of electrical substations
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El 60
1) Parts of the building such as load bearing walls, load bearing
pillars, truss structures, solid partitions, parts of the floor (girders or
floorboards) are classified as load bearing parts of the building if they
contribute to general stability and integrity of the building in case of
fire. Load bearing parts that do not contribute to general stability of the
building must be specified in technical documents of the building by design
departments.
NOTE 1: R rating of loading bearing structural elements
that are cushion of fire-resistance-rated floors must not be lower than R
rating of the fire-resistance-rated floors.
NOTE 2: Requirements pertaining to fire-resistance ratings
of non-load bearing exterior walls are allowed in accordance with Note 5 and
Note 6 under Schedule 4.
A.2.24.2 Doors, hatches, and protective openings on structural
elements that are required to have some fire resistance capacity in accordance
with Schedule A.1 must have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 30 (EIW 30) if
the structural elements have fire-resistance rating of EI 60 (EIW 60) and
minimum fire-resistance of EI 60 (EIW 60) in all other cases.
A.2.24.3 Doors of elevator lobbies and doors of elevator machine
rooms must be airtight doors.
A.2.24.4 Service ducts where water supply and drainage pipelines made
from non-combustible materials are located can be fitted with type 2
fire-resistance-rated doors and dampers (EI 30).
A.2.25 Material use based on fire risk categories
A.2.25.1 Roof tiling and covering materials must be non-combustible
materials. If waterproof coating of the roof is made from combustible
materials, the waterproof coating must be covered by non-combustible materials
with minimum thickness of 50 mm.
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A.2.25.3 Wall, ceiling finishes, dropped ceiling decorations, and
floor tiles in rooms must conform to Schedule B.9 (Appendix B).
A.2.25.4 In large rooms with more than 50 seats for the audience,
parts of soft chairs, curtains and blinds must not be made from ignitable
materials (BC3). Seats in these rooms must not be made from materials with
toxic potency higher than DT2 regardless of the number of seats.
Fabric products for interior decorations must not be made
from ignitable materials (BC3).
A.2.26 Installation of fire alarms, firefighting equipment, and rescue
equipment.
A.2.26.1 Buildings must be equipped with automatic addressable fire
alarm; automatic fire alarm in flats, offices, corridors, elevator lobbies,
waiting lounges, common lobbies, regularly attended mechanical rooms, and
similar rooms, except for rooms that are always wet in normal conditions.
A.2.26.2 Buildings must be equipped with loud speaker and evacuation
guidance systems.
A.2.27 Water supply for firefighting
A.2.27.1 Water supply system for indoor firefighting (pipelines and
equipment) must be designed separately with pump stations located separately
from rooms with other occupancies.
A.2.27.2 Fire flow of each fire compartment must be sufficient for 4
streams where fire flow of each stream must not be lower than 2,5 L/s.
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A.2.27.4 2 couplings with appropriate diameter are required to
connect water supply system for indoor firefighting and automatic fire
extinguishing system with portable outdoor firefighting equipment.
Shutoff valves and check valves are required on the building
side to adjust amount of water supplied into the system. Outlets located
outside of the building must be positioned in locations that are accessible for
fire engines and must be marked by understandable and clear markings.
A.2.27.5 The positioning of sprinklers of automatic water fire
extinguishing system in rooms, corridors, means of egress, and other parts must
be able to protect windows (on the outside or inside of the room), doorways of
flats, offices, and other rooms whose doors open into corridors.
A.2.27.6 Minimum flow intensity of automatic extinguishing systems
shall be 0,08 L/(s∙m2).
A.2.27.7 In case of sprinkler extinguishing system, minimum fire flow
must be 10 L/s.
A.2.27.8 Vestibules of smokeproof stairwells must be fitted with D 65
FDCs for use by fire brigade (of the dry pipe system). These pipelines must be
fitted with inlets on the first storey in order to allow high-pressure pump of
fire engines to connect.
A.2.28 Electrical system
A.2.28.1 Technical equipment below must remain powered for at least 3
hours after a fire breaks out and by 2 independent sources:
- Fire service elevators;
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- Automatic fire alarm and evacuation guidance systems;
- Equipment affiliated to automatic fire extinguishing and
water supply systems;
- Fire protection equipment serving technical equipment
system;
- Equipment serving rescue - evacuation.
A.2.28.2 Electric cables from electrical substation and independent
power sources to input distribution device in each fire compartment must be
placed in separate channels (trays) with fire resistance capacity complaint
with A.2.24 or must be fire resistant cables.
A.2.28.3 Input distribution device of each fire compartment must be
fitted with breakers and protected by fire protection measures.
A.2.28.4 Distribution cabinets of storeys and electrical panels of
flats require breakers. These cabinets must be able to prevent fire from
spreading beyond the cabinets.
A.2.28.5 The filling of annular spaces in areas where cables and
wires penetrate structural elements which require fire resistance must have
minimum fire-resistance rating equal to fire-resistance rating of the
structural elements that are penetrated by cables and wires.
A.2.28.6
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A.2.28.8 Electric cables and wires from input cabinets to fire
protection systems (electrical equipment of fire extinguishing system, fire
alarms, smoke extraction, emergency lighting, and similar equipment) must be
made from fire-resistant cables (mineral-insulated electrical wires and
electrical cables or other electrical wires and cables with minimum
fire-resistance rating of 120 minutes).
A.2.29 Ventilation and smoke protection system
A.2.29.1 Rooms with different occupancies in the same fire
compartment must be served by separate heating, ventilation, air conditioning
system.
A.2.29.2 Rooms where ventilation equipment is located must be placed
in fire compartments that they serve. Ventilation equipment of systems that
serve different rooms are allowed to be placed in the same room, except for the
following cases:
- Equipment of air supply system that uses recirculated air
and serves rooms with fire and explosion risk classes C1 through C3 must not be
placed in the same space as equipment of system that serves rooms with other
explosion risk classes;
- Equipment of air supply system that serves dwelling units
must not be placed in the same space as equipment of air supply system that
serves rooms dedicated to life services and equipment of air exhaust system;
- Equipment of air exhaust system (expels air with odors
outside, from smoking rooms, bathrooms, and similar rooms) must not be placed
in the same space as equipment of air supply system;
- Equipment of localized exhaust system for explosive
compounds must not be placed in the same space as equipment of other systems.
A.2.29.3 Ventilation systems that serve different fire compartments
must not use the same inlets. Horizontal distance between air inlets located on
adjacent fire compartments must not be lower than 3 m.
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A.2.29.5 Air pipes and collector pipes of every system in fire
compartments that they serve shall comply with the following regulations:
- Be made from non-combustible materials and minimum
fire-resistance rating of EI 15 as long as air pipes must be placed in a common
shaft whose enclosing structures have minimum fire-resistance rating of REI 120
and fire dampers must be fitted in areas where the pipes penetrate the
enclosing structure;
- Be made from non-combustible materials and fitted with
fire dampers in all areas where the pipes penetrate walls, partitions, and
floors which are required to be fire resistant;
- Air pipe segments situated outside of fire compartments
that they serve, starting from fire protection assemblies on the exterior of
the fire compartments, must have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 180.
A.2.29.6 If air pipes and collector pipes of all systems
serving different fire compartments are placed in the same channel or shaft,
enclosing structures of the channel or shaft must have minimum fire-resistance
rating of REI 180 while the pipes must:
- Have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 60 if the pipes
are located in fire compartments that they serve and be fitted with fire
dampers where they penetrate enclosing structures of the channel and shaft;
- Have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 60 if the pipes
are located outside of fire compartments that they serve and be fitted with
fire dampers where they penetrate fire-resistance-rated floors on the edge of
fire compartments (the floor has fire-resistance rating of REI 180).
A.2.29.7 Air pipes required to be fire resistant must be made from
non-combustible materials, have minimum thickness of 0,8 mm, and be fitted with
apparatus for compensating for linear thermal expansion. The fitting of joints
of air pipes must be done by non-combustible materials.
A.2.29.8 Fire dampers must be fitted with remote control and
automatic control schemes. Intumescent fire dampers are not allowed.
Fire-resistance rating of fire dampers must:
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- Not be lower than EI 60 - if respective fire protection assemblies
have fire-resistance rating of REI 60.
A.2.29.9 Smoke extraction system must fulfill the following
requirements:
- Fire-resistance rating of ventilation fans must allow the
fans to operate under calculated temperature of the airflow;
- Air ducts and channels must be made from non-combustible
materials with minimum fire-resistance rating of:
EI 180 - for air ducts and channels located outside of fire
compartments that they serve;
EI 120 - for vertical air ducts and channels located in fire
compartments that they serve;
- Smoke dampers must be fitted with remote and automatic
control schemes and have minimum fire-resistance rating of:
EI 60 - for parking spaces of motor vehicles and isolated
corridors of enclosed parking garages;
EI 45 - for rooms with minimum occupant load of 50 people,
according to Schedule G.9 (Appendix G) and for atriums;
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A.2.29.10 Exhaust fans for expelling combustion products must be positioned
in separate rooms and enclosed by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions.
A.2.29.11 Shafts enclosing pipelines of air supply system for smoke
control must have minimum fire-resistance rating equal to fire-resistance
rating of floors that they penetrate. The required fire-resistance rating of
air pipes of air supply system must not be lower than:
EI 60 - for storey-based air ducts of system that supplies
air in fire protection vestibules and isolated corridors of enclosed parking
garages;
EI 30 - for air ducts of system that supplies air in
stairwells and elevator shafts, and fire protection vestibules above the
ground.
A.2.29.12 Fire dampers of air supply system for smoke control must
have minimum fire-resistance rating equal to the required fire-resistance
rating of air ducts of this system.
A.2.29.13 The control of equipment and operation of smoke protection
system must be done automatically (even fire detection system) and remotely
(from control tables of standby employees and buttons located along means of
egress of storeys or fire hose cabinets). In all fire drill scenarios, regular
ventilating and air conditioning systems (that are not fitted with smoke
control mode) must be shut down while smoke extraction and air supply for smoke
control systems must be engaged.
A.2.29.14 Information pertaining to location and conditions of
equipment and operation of smoke protection system must be monitored and
distinguished at control stations.
A.2.29.15 Mechanisms and working equipment of smoke protection system
must have operation reliability represented by minimum safety factor of 0,999.
A.2.30 Rubbish collection system
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A.2.30.2 Rubbish intake doors must be placed in separate rooms which
are physically separated from other spaces by fire-resistance-rated partitions
with minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 120. Fire-resistance-rated doors
fitted on these partitions must have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 60,
be equipped with door closers, and have their clearance sealed.
A.3 F1.3 apartment buildings with fire height ranging from
exceeding 75 m to 150 m
A.3.1 Buildings with fire height ranging from 75 m to 100 m
A.3.11. Minimum fire resistance category shall be I, fire resistance
requirements of building structures and components shall conform to A.2.24,
except for cases under A.3.1.10 and A.3.1.14.
A.3.1.2 Buildings must be divided into fire compartments longitudinally where
height of the bottommost fire compartment must not exceed 75 m and height of
subsequent fire compartments must not exceed 50 m. Fire compartments must be
physically separated by fire-resistance-rated floors with minimum
fire-resistance-rating of REI 150 or by mechanical floors whose horizontal load
bearing structures (floors and ceilings) must have minimum fire-resistance
rating of REI 90.
A.3.1.3 The maximum allowable area of a storey in a fire compartment shall be
determined in accordance with A.2.3.
A.3.1.4 Joints between fire-resistance-rated floors, fire protection assemblies
and enclosing structures of buildings must be protected in order to prevent
fire from spreading through fire protection assemblies. Prevention of flame
spread on building exterior must conform to 4.32 and 4.33.
A.3.1.5 Each fire compartment along the building height must be protected by
independent fire protection systems (water supply for firefighting, smoke
ventilation, emergency lighting, fire alarm, automatic fire extinguishing). Fire
compartments can share fire pump stations, water supply pump stations, smoke
exhaust fans, and fire alarm control units.
A.3.1.6 Awnings made from non-combustible materials with minimum width of 1,0 m
must be fitted above entrances to garages on the first storey in a manner that
the distance from these awnings to the lower edge of upper windows must not be
lower than 4,0 m.
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A.3.1.8 Clear width of stringers and landings of N1 and N3 stairwells in
residential section of buildings must not be lower than 1,20 m; clear width of
stringers and landings of N2 stairwells must not be lower than 1,05 m while
clear width between stringers must not be lower than 100 mm.
A.3.1.9 All smokeproof stairwells must have stringers leading to the roof via
type 2 fire-resistance-rated doors.
A.3.1.10 Sections serving other occupancies of the buildings
(including mechanical rooms, auxiliary rooms serving residential sections) must
be physically separated from residential section by solid fire-resistance-rated
walls with fire-resistance rating REI 150 and type 1 fire-resistance-rated
floors and fitted with separate exit accesses.
A.3.1.11 Thermal insulation layer (if any) of exterior wall must be
made from non-combustible materials. Thermal insulation layer made from Ch1 or
Ch2 materials is allowed if it is protected from all sides by concrete or
plaster with minimum thickness of 50 mm. The thickness of this concrete
(plaster) layer on exterior walls where windows and doors are located must not
be lower than 30 mm.
A.3.1.12 Fire-resistance-rated doors must be fitted on a case-by-case
basis as follows:
a) Other than cases under Points b) and c) below, minimum
fire-resistance rating of doors must be EI 30 (EIW 30) if these doors are
fitted in structural elements with fire-resistance rating of EI 60 (EIW 60);
minimum fire-resistance rating of doors must be EI 60 (EIW 60) in remaining
cases.
b) Type 2 fire-resistance rated doors are required when: the
doors leading from vestibules to smokeproof stairwells, elevators, and rubbish
intake rooms.
c) Hoistway doors leading into elevator lobbies must be
smoketight doors.
A.3.1.13 Finishes of ceilings, walls, and floors on means of egress,
elevator lobbies, common lobbies, and mechanical floors must be made from
non-combustible materials.
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A.3.1.15 Primary pipelines along vertical axis of technical ducts
(water drainage, rainwater, hot and cold water supply) must be made of
non-combustible materials or placed in technical channels or trays which are
made of non-combustible materials. Requirements of rubbish collection system
shall conform to A.2.30.
A.3.1.16 Smoke protection of buildings, fire alarms, and automatic
fire extinguishing system shall conform to additional regulations below:
a) All non-residential rooms (garages, auxiliary rooms,
mechanical rooms, public spaces, rubbish containers, and rooms with similar
occupancies) and rubbish chutes must be equipped with sprinklers (other than electrical
rooms, electronic rooms that require gaseous fire suppression system or
equipment;
b) Sprinklers connected to water supply pipelines via flow
switches must be fitted above doors to flats;
c) Automatic fire alarm system must indicate address of each
flat. Flats, corridors, and elevator lobbies must be fitted with smoke
detectors. Each flat must be fitted with public address system which notifies
and provides evacuation guidance for all occupants in case of emergency;
d) Automatic fire alarm, firefighting equipment and
apparatus must be fitted in electrical and communication channels, shafts, and
other technical ducts prone to fire risks;
e) Electrical sources of fire protection systems such as:
elevators carrying fire brigade and firefighting equipment; smoke protection
system; automatic fire alarm, fire extinguishing system must be provided by
separate electrical boxes or panels which are painted in different colors,
travel in different paths towards distribution equipment of each fire compartment.
A.3.1.17 Fire protection requirements for electrical cables and wires
of power sources which power fire prevention and firefighting system shall
conform to A.2.28.
A.3.2 Buildings with fire height ranging from 100 m to 150 m
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a) Each refuge floor must not be more than 20 storeys away from
one another. The first refuge floors must not be positioned higher than the 21st
storey. Areas of a refuge floor where fire emergency holding areas are located
must be physically separated from other areas by fire protection assemblies
whose fire-resistance rating must not be lower than REI 150. Areas other than
fire emergency holding areas can serve public occupancies. Flats must not be
located on refuge floors in part or in whole;
NOTE: A part or the entire mechanical floor can serve as
fire emergency holding areas if requirements under Points b), c), d), e), f).
b) Fire emergency holding areas must have the required space
per person of 0,3 m2/person and must have sufficient space for the
largest number of occupants evacuating from all storeys between the storey
where fire emergency holding areas are located and storey where the next fire
emergency holding areas are located and the remaining upper storeys in case of
the topmost refuge floors. Fire emergency holding areas must not serve
mercantile occupancy; fire emergency holding areas can serve as playgrounds for
children or sports grounds;
NOTE: The largest number of occupants evacuating from
difference spaces of the buildings or building sections shall be determined in
accordance with G.3, Appendix G. With respect to buildings and buildings
section other than F1.3 buildings or F1.3 building sections, A.2.16 shall
additionally apply.
c) Fire emergency holding areas must receive natural
ventilation via fixed wall openings located on 2 exterior walls (vent openings)
which must meet the following requirements:
- Total area of vent openings must be equal to or greater
than 25% of area of fire emergency holding areas;
- The minimum height of vent openings (from the bottom edge
to the upper edge) must be 1,2 m;
- Vent openings of fire emergency holding areas must be at
least 1,5 m horizontally and 3,0 m vertically away from other unprotected wall
openings which are orthogonally adjacent to these vent openings. If vent
openings serving fire emergency holding areas are not smaller than 50% of the
area of fire emergency holding areas, the vertical distance can be lowered to
1,5 m;
d) All equipment and tools located in fire emergency holding
areas must be made of non-combustible materials;
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f) Fire emergency holding areas must be equipped with fire
protection equipment such as: standpipe outlets, automatic sprinkler
extinguishing system, emergency lighting, phones for communicating with the
outside, public address system that provides evacuation guidelines, and similar
equipment;
g) Signs that read “GIAN LÁNH NẠN/FIRE EMERGENCY HOLDING
AREA” must be positioned on stair side and building side of exit access
stairwells at a height of 1 500 mm from finish surface of landings or floors. Letter
height must not be lower than 50 mm;
NOTE: In additional to Vietnamese and English, additional
languages are allowed depending on the types of occupants.
h) Area of fire emergency holding areas can be excluded from
land use factor and total floor area.
A.4 Karaoke and discotheque service venues (F2.1)
A.4.1 Fire resistance category of karaoke and discotheque service venues must
conform to this regulation and must not be lower than category IV.
A.4.2 Storeys of karaoke and discotheque service venues must have at least 2
exit accesses.
Each storey can have one exit access when all requirements
below are met:
- In regard to buildings with fire height not exceeding 15
m, area of the storey in question must not exceed 300 m2. In regard
to buildings with fire height from exceeding 15 m to 21 m, area of the storey
in question must not exceed 200 m2.
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- Occupant load of each storey does not exceed 20 people;
- At least one additional fire exit from storeys to open
balconies or to control areas on open roof or to type 3 staircases is required.
NOTE: Open balcony or open rooftop means the balcony or
rooftop is not enclosed and enclosing structures (if any) must facilitate
evacuation and rescue for the fire brigade.
A.4.3 Exit accesses from each storey of karaoke and discotheque service venues
must lead into stairwells via type 2 fire-resistance-rated doors. Means of
egress on each storey must be protected by fire protection assemblies with
fire-resistance ratings as follows:
a) In case of buildings with fire resistance category I -
non-combustible materials with minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 30;
b) In case of buildings with fire resistance category of II,
III, or IV - non-combustible or mildly flammable (Ch1) materials with minimum
fire-resistance rating of EI 15.
A.4.4 Additional eye-level exit signs are required along means of egress in
accordance with TCVN 13456.
A.4.5 Floor finishes, decorations (including dropped ceiling tiles if any),
tiles, and coverings in karaoke and discotheque service venues must have
minimum fire risk level CV1.
A.4.6 Fire command centers (if any) must conform to 6.17.
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A.4.8 Fire alarm sirens and lights must be positioned in corridors, common
lobbies, and rooms of karaoke and discotheque service venues. Electrical system
of audio and visual systems must have fail-safe connection and be automatically
shut down in case of activation of automatic fire alarm system and in case of
manual shut down (button for manual shut down is located in fire command
centers or in receptionist and appropriate signs are erected) in case of fire.
A.4.9 Karaoke and discotheque service venues must have open rooftop and
elevated entry in accordance with 6.3.1 through 6.3.4 to allow fire brigade to
make entry.
A.4.10 Advertising panels of karaoke and discotheque service venues must
conform to QCVN 17:2018/BXD.
NOTE: The inspection, rectification, and assurance of fire
safety in accordance with this Regulation in karaoke and discotheque service
venues which are operated before the effective date hereof shall be carried out
in accordance with specific instructions of competent authority.
APPENDIX B
(regulations)
CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS BASED ON FIRE-RELATED TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATIONS AND FIRE SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS OF MATERIALS
B.1 Classification of construction materials based on fire-related
technical characteristics
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Construction materials shall be classified into: combustible
materials and non-combustible materials according to combustibility test
results below:
Non-combustible materials are those that are accompanied by
the following elements throughout the test:
- Temperature increase of the oven does not exceed 50 oC;
- Mass of the sample does not reduce by more than 50 %;
- Duration of sustained flaming does not exceed 10 s.
Combustible materials are those that are not accompanied by
any of the elements above.
NOTE: Test parameters shall be determined in accordance with
TCVN 12695 (ISO 1182) or similar standards.
EXAMPLE: Materials classified as non-combustible materials are
inorganic materials such as concrete, baked clays, ceramic, metal, masonry
units, plaster, and similar materials.
B.1.2 Combustibility classes of materials
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Combustibility class
Parameters
Air temperature in exhaust pipe,
T, oC
Reduction to sample length, L, %
Reduction to sample mass, m, %
Duration of sustained flaming, s
Ch1 - mildly flammable
≤ 135
≤ 65
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0
Ch2 - moderately flammable
≤ 235
≤ 85
≤ 50
≤ 30
Ch3 - flammable
≤ 450
> 85
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≤ 300
Ch4 - highly flammable
> 450
> 85
> 50
> 300
NOTE 1: Test parameters shall be determined in accordance
with applicable national standards or equivalent standards pertaining to
combustibility test for construction materials.
NOTE 2: If tests are organized in accordance with TCVN
12695 (ISO 1182), materials that meet the following requirements are also
classified as Ch1:
- Temperature increase of the oven does not exceed 50 oC;
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- Duration of sustained flaming does not exceed 20 s.
B.1.3 Ignitability classes of materials
Schedule B.2 - Ignitability classes
of materials
Ignitability classes
Maximum surface heat flux, kW/m2
BC1 - barely ignitable
≥ 35
BC2 - moderately ignitable
≥ 20 and < 35
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< 20
NOTE: Maximum surface heat flux shall be determined in
accordance with ISO 5657 or equivalent standards.
B.1.4 Flame spread classes of materials
Schedule B.3 - Flame spread classes
of materials
Flame spread classes
Maximum surface heat flux, kW/m2
LT1 - no spread
≥ 11
LT2 - limited spread
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LT3 - moderate spread
≥ 5 and < 8
LT4 - rapid spread
< 5
NOTE: Test parameters shall be determined in accordance
with ISO 5658-2, ISO 9239 or equivalent standards
B.1.5 Smoke production classes of materials
Schedule B.4 - Smoke production
classes of materials
Smoke production classes
Smoke production rate, m2/kg
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≤ 50
SK2 - moderate smoke production
> 50 and ≤ 500
SK3 - high smoke production
> 500
NOTE: Smoke production rate of materials shall be
determined in accordance with ISO 5660-2 or equivalent standards.
B.1.6 Toxic potency classes of materials
Schedule B.5 - Toxic potency classes
of materials
Toxic potency classes
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5
15
30
60
DT1 - low toxic potency
> 210
> 150
> 120
> 90
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> 70 and ≤ 210
> 50 and ≤ 150
> 40 and ≤ 120
> 30 and ≤ 90
DT3 - high toxic potency
> 25 and ≤ 70
> 17 and ≤ 50
> 13 and ≤ 40
> 10 and ≤ 30
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≤ 25
≤ 17
≤ 13
≤ 10
NOTE: Test parameters and calculation of HCL50
shall comply with ISO 13344 or equivalent standards.
B.1.7 Fire risk levels
Schedule B.6 - Fire risk levels of
materials
Fire-related technical
characteristics
Fire risk levels of materials
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CV1
CV2
CV3
CV4
CV5
1. Combustibility
Non-combustible
Ch1
Ch1
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Ch3
Ch4
2. Ignitability
-
BC1
BC2
BC2
BC2
BC3
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-
SK2
SK2
SK3
SK3
SK3
4. Toxic potency of combustion products
-
DT2
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DT2
DT3
DT4
5. Flame spread
-
LT1
LT1
LT2
LT2
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NOTE: List of fire risk classification of construction
materials for the purpose of determining fire risk classes from CV0 to CV5 of
construction materials is specified under Schedule B.7.
Schedule B.7 - List of required fire
risk classification depending on use of construction materials
Construction materials
Required fire risk classification
depending on use of construction materials
Combustibility classification
Flame spread classification
Ignitability classification
Smoke production classification
Toxic potency classification
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+
-
+
+
+
2. Floorings, including carpets
-
+
+
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+
3. Roof tiles
+
+
+
-
-
4. Anti-absorbent and air sealing materials thicker than
0,2 mm
+
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+
-
-
5. Thermal insulation materials
+
-
+
+
+
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NOTE 1: A “+” symbol means this classification is required
NOTE 2: A “-” symbol means this classification is not required
NOTE 3: If anti-absorbent materials are used as roof
tiles, section 3 shall prevail.
B.2 Fire safety requirements for materials
Schedule B.8 - Range of application
of finishes, decorations, tiles, and floorings on means of egress
Fire risk category by function of
buildings, constructions, and fire compartments
Number of storeys and height of
building
Fire risk levels of materials
used on walls and ceilings
(including dropped ceilings if any)
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Entrance halls, stairwells,
elevator lobbies
Common corridors, waiting halls
Entrance halls, stairwells,
elevator lobbies
Common corridors, waiting halls
F1.2; F1.3; F2.3; F2.4; F3.1; F3.2; F3.6; F4.2; F4.3;
F4.4; F5.1; F5.2, F5.3
≤ 9 storeys or ≤ 28 m
CV2
CV3
CV3
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> 9 storeys and ≤ 17 storeys; or > 28 m and ≤ 50 m
CV1
CV2
CV2
CV3
17 storeys or ≤ 50 m
CV0
CV1
CV1
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F1.1; F2.1; F2.2; F3.3; F3.4; F3.5; F4.1
Regardless of number of storeys or height
CV0
CV1
CV1
CV2
Schedule B.9 - Range of application
of finishes, decorations, tiles, and floorings in common rooms, other than
sports grounds and floors of dancing rooms
Fire risk category by function of
buildings
Room occupant load, people
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used on walls and ceilings
(including dropped ceilings if any)
used as floorings
F1.2;
F2.3; F2.4;
F31; F3.2; F3.6;
F4.2; F4.3; F4.4;
F5.1
> 800
CV0
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> 300 and ≤ 800
CV1
CV2
> 50 and ≤ 300
CV2
CV3
≤ 50
CV3
CV4
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F2.1; F2.2;
F3.3; F3.4; F3.5;
F4.1
> 300
CV0
CV2
> 15 and ≤ 300
CV1
CV2
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CV3
CV4
APPENDIX C
(regulations)
FIRE AND EXPLOSION RISK CLASSES OF
BUILDINGS, CONSTRUCTIONS, AND ROOMS WITH MANUFACTURING AND STORAGE OCCUPANCIES
C.1 Fire and explosion risk classes of rooms
Schedule C.1 - Fire and explosion
risk classes of room
Fire and explosion risk class of
room
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A
High fire and explosion risk
- Combustible gas, ignitable liquid whose flashpoint is 28
oC or lower, in sufficient amount to create explosive gas - vapour
mixture, which upon combustion will create a gauge pressure of more than 5
kPa in the room.
- Substances and materials that explode or combust upon
contact with water, oxygen or one another, in sufficient amount to create an
explosion whose gauge pressure in the room exceeds 5 kPa.
B
Fire and explosion risk
Combustible dust or fabric materials, ignitable liquid,
with flashpoint exceeding 28 oC, combustible liquid, in sufficient
amount to create explosive gas - dust or gas - vapour, which when ignited
will create a gauge pressure of exceeding 5 kPa in the room.
C1 through C4
Fire risk
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- These rooms are then further classified into classes C1
through C4 depending on fire loads of substances contained therein:
C1 - Fire load exceeds 2 200 MJ/m2;
C2 - Fire load ranges from 1 401 MJ/m2 to 2 200
MJ/m2;
C3 - Fire load ranges from 181 MJ/m2 to 1 400
MJ/m2;
C4 - Fire load ranges from 1 MJ/m2 to 180 MJ/m2.
D
Moderate fire risk
Non-combustible substances and materials in hot,
incandescent, or molten state where work process is accompanied by heat
radiation, sparks, and flame; combustible solid, liquid, and gases used as
fuel.
E
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Non-combustible substances and materials in a cold state.
C.2 Fire and explosion risk classes of buildings and
constructions
C.2.1 Class A
C.2.1.1 Buildings and constructions shall be placed in class A if area of all
class A rooms in these buildings and constructions exceed 5% of total area of
rooms in the buildings or constructions and exceed 200 m2.
C.2.1.2 Buildings and constructions shall not be placed in class A if area of
all class A rooms in these buildings and constructions does not exceed 25% of
total area of rooms of the buildings and constructions (without exceeding 1 000
m2) and all class A rooms are equipped with automatic extinguishing
system.
C.2.2 Class B
C.2.2.1 Buildings and constructions shall be placed in class B if requirements
below are simultaneously met:
- The buildings and constructions are not placed in class A;
- Area of all class A and B rooms exceeds 5% of total area
of rooms in the buildings and constructions or exceed 200 m2.
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C.2.3 Class C
C.2.3.1 Buildings and constructions shall be placed in class C if requirements
below are simultaneously met:
The buildings and constructions are not placed in class A or
class B;
Area of all class A, class B, class C1, class C2, and class
C3 rooms exceeds 5 % (or 10 % if there are no class A and class B rooms in these
buildings and constructions) of total area of rooms of the buildings and
constructions.
C.2.3.2 Buildings and constructions shall not be placed in class C if area of
all class A, class B, class C1, class C2, and class C3 rooms in these buildings
and constructions does not exceed 25% of total area of rooms of the buildings
and constructions (without exceeding 3 500 m2) and all of these
rooms are equipped with automatic extinguishing system.
C.2.4 Class D
C.2.4.1 Buildings and constructions shall be placed in class D if requirements
below are simultaneously met:
- The buildings and constructions are not placed under class
A, class B, or class C;
- Area of all class A, class B, class C1, class C2, class
C3, and class D rooms does exceeds 5% total area of rooms in the buildings and
constructions.
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C.2.5 Class E
Buildings and constructions shall be placed in class E if
they are not placed in class A, class B, class C, or class D.
C.3 Methods for identifying classification criteria
C.3.1 Methods for identifying classification criteria for fire and explosion
risk classes of buildings, constructions, and rooms are prescribed in
standards.
C.3.2 Several buildings and rooms associated to factories, warehouses, and
production units are classified as follows:
C.3.2.1 Class A
- Factories where potassium and sodium are produced and/or
used;
- Factories where synthetic fibers and synthetic rubber are
made;
- Factories where gasoline and oil are produced;
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- Factories where synthetic liquid fuel is produced, organic
water-soluble liquid whose flashpoint is 28 oC or lower is retrieved
and distilled;
- Storage of flammable gas container and gasoline;
Storage rooms of alkaline and lead-acid batteries of power
plants;
Pump stations of liquid with flashpoint of 28 oC
or lower.
C.3.2.2 Class B
- Factories where coal dust and sawdust are produced and
transported, washing stations of barrels of mazut oil and other liquid whose
flashpoint ranges from 28 oC to 61 oC;
- Stations for milling and grinding solid matters, factories
where synthetic rubber is produced, factories where sugar is produced, mazut
oil storage of power plants, pump stations of liquid whose flashpoint ranges
from 28 oC to 61 oC.
C.3.2.3 Class C
- Wood cutting stations, stations where wooden handicrafts
are produced;
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- Paper mills with dry pulping process;
- Factories for preparing cotton, fute, and other fabrics.
- Filtering and drying stations in seed milling factories
and storage;
- Factories where oil and grease regeneration, asphalt
distillation take place, storage of combustible materials and oil and grease;
- Electrical distribution equipment with circuit breaker and
electrical equipment with more than 60 kg of grease and oil per equipment unit;
- Conveyor belts for transporting fossil coal, peat;
- Enclosed storage of coal, assorted commodities, pump
stations of liquid with flashpoint above 61 oC.
C.3.2.4 Class D
- Metal casting and metallurgy factories, forging and
welding factories;
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- Metal hot-rolling, hot-working factories;
- Building sections where internal combustion engines are
located;
- High-voltage laboratories;
- Main buildings of power plants (furnace rooms, turbine
rooms, and similar);
- Boiler stations.
C.3.2.5 Class E
- Metal cold-working factories (except for magnesium alloys);
- Ore yard;
- Caustic soda manufacturing factories (except for furnace
sections);
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- Acid regeneration factories;
- Electric vehicle and electric locomotive repair stations;
- Factories for crushing, shaping, and cold-rolling asbestos
minerals, salt, and other non-combustible ingredients;
- Factories associated with textile and papermaking industry
with wet pulping process;
- Factories where food, fish, meat, dairy processing takes
place;
- Electrical control stations;
- Water purification plants (sedimentation, filtration,
bleaching, and constructions with similar occupancies);
- Water pump and suction stations of power plants;
- Components containing carbonic acid and chloride, cooling
towers, pump stations of non-combustible liquid.
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APPENDIX D
(regulations)
SMOKE PROTECTION
D.1 General requirements
D.1.1 Smoke protection for buildings and constructions serve to prevent and/or
minimize the passage of smoke and combustion products (hereinafter collectively
referred to as “smoke”) in the building in order to:
- Ensure safety for people evacuating and protect property
in case of fire;
- Create all necessary conditions to allow fire brigade to
rescue people, discover and zone fire in the building.
D.1.2 Smoke protection solutions for buildings and construction include:
- Compartmentalization and isolation of smoke into smoke
compartments;
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- Smoke ventilation: including natural or mechanical smoke
extraction and air supply system for smoke control;
- Creation of positive pressure in areas where protection
from smoke is required.
The aforementioned solutions can be adopted one at a time or
multiple at the same time as long as the base of smoke layer must not be lower
than 2 m above the highest floor surface on which people can walk on in rooms
or corridors protected by smoke protection solutions.
D.1.3 Equipment associated to smoke extraction system and air supply system
for smoke control, regardless of operating mechanism (either natural or
mechanical), must be activated automatically (by activation of automatic fire
alarm or automatic extinguishing equipment) and remotely (from guard stations
of the building, or fire command centers or buttons located along means of
egress or in fire alarm control panels. These buttons must be positioned in a
way that allows easy activation by humans).
Equipment associated with smoke protection system (including
pipelines) must be installed in accordance with manufacturers’ regulations,
inspected and maintained appropriately on a regular basis. Auxiliary
attachments serving installation or hanging of equipment must be able to
maintain operation of the equipment in accordance with manufacturers’
regulations throughout operation.
D.1.4 When smoke extraction system is activated in case of fire, general
ventilating, air conditioning systems and ventilating, air conditioning systems
serving technology requirements (if any) of the building (except for systems
that ensure safety of technology) must be shut down; all normally open fire
dampers must also be closed. All ventilating, air conditioning systems can be
shut down on a local or full scale depending on specific design as long as smoke
and flame cannot spread via general ventilating, air conditioning systems.
D.1.5 Smoke ventilation system must be independent for each fire compartment,
except:
- Air supply systems that create positive pressure to
protect stairwells and elevator shafts connecting different fire compartments;
- Smoke extraction systems protecting atriums and atrium
corridors that are not physically separated into fire compartments.
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Smoke protection system cannot be shared between rooms with
different fire risk categories by functions.
D.1.7 Requirements under Appendix D can be changed on the basis of technical
evaluation pertaining to smoke protection systems appropriate to applied
standards.
D.1.8 In regard to rooms with special occupancies or specific technology
requirements (such as cleanrooms, cold storage), smoke protection can comply
with applied standard documents. In all cases, safety for occupants’ evacuation
and fire brigade’s access must be guaranteed.
NOTE: The definition and classification of cleanrooms shall
conform to ISO 14644 or equivalent standards.
D.2 Smoke extraction must be done from the following areas:
a) From corridors (other than single-loaded corridors) and
lobbies of houses, public structures, administrative - auxiliary buildings (in
industrial facilities) and multipurpose buildings with a fire height exceeding
28 m;
b) From corridors and pedestrian tunnels of basements, semi-basements
of houses, public buildings, administrative - auxiliary buildings (in
industrial facilities), manufacturing facilities, and multipurpose buildings if
these corridors and pedestrian tunnels connect to regularly attended rooms;
c) From corridors with a length exceeding 15 m and without
natural ventilation in case of fire in the following two-storey buildings or
higher:
- Class A, class B, class C manufacturing facilities and
warehouses;
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- Multipurpose buildings;
d) From common corridors (other than single-loaded
corridors) and common lobbies of buildings with smokeproof stairwells;
e) From atriums and mercantile corridors in atriums
(hereinafter collectively referred to as “atriums”);
f) From regularly attended rooms, rooms for manufacturing or
storage occupancy, including storage of books, documents, printed materials,
exhibits, restoration room of museums (regardless of whether the rooms are
regularly attended or not in case of storage units utilizing racks), if these
rooms are placed under class A, class B, class C1 through C3 in buildings with
fire resistance category I through IV, or class C4, class D, class E in
buildings with fire resistance category IV;
g) From the following rooms that connect to smokeproof
stairwells or rooms that lack natural ventilation in case of fire:
- Rooms that are 50 m2 in area or larger,
regularly or irregularly used for assembly occupancy (more than 1 person per 1 m2
of floor area, not including space occupied by equipment and furniture);
- Mercantile and display sections;
- Reading and book storage rooms of libraries, exhibits,
museums that are 50 m2 in area or larger, regularly attended, or
where combustible substances and materials are stored or used;
- Changing rooms, locker rooms that are 200 m2 in
area or larger;
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Smoke can be extracted to adjacent corridors from rooms that
are up to 200 m2 in area with fire risk class C1, C2, or C3 or where
combustible substances and materials are stored or used.
In regard to mercantile rooms and offices that are not
larger than 800 m2, if travel distance from the furthest point of
the rooms to the nearest exit accesses does not exceed 25 m, smoke can be
extracted to adjacent areas that are corridors, lobbies, atriums and atrium
corridors.
Dead-end corridors must not be physically separated by
partitions with doors into segments shorter than 15 m in length.
NOTE 1: Areas that lack natural ventilation in case of fire
are those that lack openings on exterior structures (exterior walls) or have
openings without sufficient area to extract combustion products.
NOTE 2: In order to facilitate natural ventilation in case
of fire in corridors, open windows or openings must be located on exterior
walls in a manner that meets the following requirements:
- The upper edge of the openings must not be lower than 2,5
m from floor surface; the lower edge of the openings must not be higher than
1,5 m from floor surface;
- Total clear width of openings must not be lower than 1,6 m
for every 30 m in length of the corridors;
- Openings must be opened by one hand with ease when the
person is standing on the floor.
NOTE 3: In order to facilitate natural ventilation in case
of fire for rooms, 6 windows or openings compliant with NOTE 2 are required
with a minimum width of 0,24 m for every 1 m of exterior wall length. If
exterior wall only adjoins the room on one side, the distance from this
exterior wall to the inner wall must not exceed 20 m. If openings are located
on 2 opposing exterior structures, the distance between these structures must
not be greater than 40 m and in this case, length of exterior wall must not be
greater than 1/3 of total length of inner separating walls.
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a) Rooms that are up to 200 m2 in area, equipped
with automatic foam or water extinguishing system (other rooms with fire risk
class A or class B, rooms that connect to N2 and N3 smokeproof stairwells, and
enclosed parking garages with traditional parking (drivers must park their own
vehicles));
b) Rooms must be equipped with automatic foam or water or
aerosol extinguishing system (other than enclosed parking garages with
traditional parking);
c) Corridors and lobbies where all rooms that lead into
these corridors and lobbies have been designed to extract smoke directly;
d) Sub-sections of rooms that are up to 50 m2 in area and
situated in the main rooms which have been designed to extract smoke;
e) Corridors (other than corridors mentioned under a) and b)
of D.2) that lack natural ventilation in case of fire if rooms that lead to
these corridors via fire-resistance-rated and smoke-protected doors are not
regularly attended;
f) Rooms with public occupancies located on the first storey
in categories F1.2 and F1.3, physically separated from dwelling units and
fitted with exit discharges if the maximum travel distance from the furthest
point in these rooms to the exit discharges does not exceed 25 m and these
rooms are not larger than 800 m2.
D.4 Smoke extraction rate must be determined via calculation for:
a) Every 60 m in length or less - from corridors under a),
b), c), and d) of D.2;
b) Every smoke compartment not larger than 3 000 m2
- from rooms under e), f), g), and h) of D.2.
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Smoke extraction systems can be shared between corridors of
rooms under f) of D.3 and corridors of rooms on upper storeys if all these
rooms are contained within a fire compartment.
D.6 Smoke inlets of smoke ducts for the purpose of extracting smoke from
corridors must be positioned below the ceiling of corridors and not lower than
head jamb (upper edge of doorways) of exit accesses. Smoke inlets are allowed
on branching pipes leading to smoke ducts. A smoke inlet is required for:
- Up to 45 m in length of straight corridor;
- Up to 30 m in length of turning corridors;
- Up to 20 m in length of loop corridors.
Corridor length shall equal total length of adjacent
corridor segments that resemble a rectangular or are close to a rectangular.
D.7 When extracting smoke from rooms larger than 3 000 m2, the
rooms must be separated (either by enclosure (using smoke barriers) or
presumption) into smoke compartments no larger than 3 000 m2 and the
possibility of fire in any of the compartments must be taken into account. Each
smoke inlet only serves an area up to 1 000 m2.
If rooms are physically separated into smoke compartments by
smoke barriers (smoke partitions), it is permissible to activate only the smoke
extraction system where the fire is located. If the separation of rooms into
smoke compartments relies on presumption, respective calculation basis is
required and all smoke extraction systems in all smoke compartments must be
designed to activate simultaneously.
NOTE: Smoke partitions are remotely and automatically
operated rollers or a fixed structure made from smoke protected materials with
minimum combustibility of Ch1 on top of non-combustible surface (mesh, fabric,
and other forms) and fastened to the ceiling or openings on the wall. In their
deployed state, the lower edge of the partitions must not be higher than the
base of the smoke layer; the partitions must be able to stop the passage of
smoke and separate the rooms into smoke compartments.
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NOTE 1: Mechanical smoke extraction system means a smoke
extraction system where extraction force is created and sustained by fans.
NOTE 2: Natural smoke ventilation system means a smoke
extraction system where smoke extracts via openings on exterior structures of
the building in accordance with scientific laws.
Mechanical smoke extraction systems are required in
multistorey buildings. Natural smoke ventilation systems are allowed on the
topmost storey of multistorey buildings where smoke is extracted via smoke
dampers, smoke outlets, open skylights, and open hatches which do not allow air
intake.
In regard to single-storey buildings and the topmost storey
of multistorey buildings, natural ventilation is allowed in case of fire
instead of smoke extraction system if requirements below are met:
- Smoke extraction is calculated in accordance with applied
standards where the least favorable conditions pertaining to smoke extraction
must be taken into account (outdoor temperature, outdoor wind speed, location
of the fire, location, how open the openings are, and other factors). For the
purpose of calculation, the base of the smoke layer must not be less than 2 m above
the highest traversable floor surface in the corridor or room in question.
- Windows and skylights included in smoke extraction
calculation must remain open at all time or be able to open automatically in
case of fire and must allow remote control by humans. Clear dimension of these
windows and skylights in open conditions must fit calculation.
D.9 Smoke extraction system must meet the following requirements:
a) The positioning of ventilation fans (including auxiliary
equipment thereof to connect with pipes) with appropriate fire-resistance
rating (for example: 0,5 hours at 200 oC; 0,5 hours at 300 oC;
1 hour at 300 oC; 1 hour at 400 oC; 1 hour at 600 oC;
1,5 hour at 600 oC, etc.) must rely on calculated temperature of the
involved airflow and class of protected rooms;
b) If ducts and pipes are subject to fire-resistance rating
requirements, they must be made from non-combustible materials (including
thermal insulation and fire-resistant coatings of pipes) and have class B
airtightness (airtightness shall conform to EN 15727 or equivalent standards)
with minimum fire-resistance rating of:
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- EI 60 - for pipes and smoke ducts situated within fire
compartment that they protect and extracting smoke from enclosed parking
garages;
- EI 45 - for vertical pipes and smoke ducts within fire
compartment that they protect and extracting smoke in the area;
- EI 30 - for other cases within fire compartment that they
serve.
NOTE 1: Fire-resistance rating is not required for pipes
contained in trays or mechanical shafts which are enclosed by fire protection assemblies
with equal fire-resistance rating as per the law
NOTE 2: Normally open fire dampers are those that will close
in case of fire
c) Normally closed fire dampers must have minimum
fire-resistance rating of:
EI 60 - for enclosed parking garages;
EI 45 - for smoke extraction from protected rooms;
EI 30 - for corridors and lobbies when dampers are fitted on
branching pipes of smoke inlet shafts;
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d) Smoke and combustion products must be extracted in the
following manners:
- Through the roof: maintain at least 5 m of clearance from discharge
locations to inlets of air supply system for smoke control. Height of smoke
discharge pipes must be at least 2 m if the roof is made from non-combustible
materials. This height can be lowered if roof section within a 2 m radius of
smoke discharge location is protected by non-combustible materials or if smoke
exhaust fans are installed;
- Through smoke flaps, taking into account outdoor wind
speed;
- Through clear opening and discharge shafts located on the
exterior wall where no doorways are installed or at least 5 m away from any
doorway vertically and horizontally and more than 2 m away from ground surface.
Clear distance to doorways can be reduced if smoke exhaust velocity is not
lower than 20 m/s;
- Through stand-alone smoke exhaust shafts located on ground
level and at least 15 m away from an exterior wall with windows (this minimum
clearance can be ignored if windows on exterior wall are smoke-proof windows,
windows that are always closed or automatically closed in case of fire), or
from inlets of ventilation system of adjacent buildings or air supply system
for smoke control of the building in question. This requirement can be
substituted by other smoke exhaust solutions as per permissible standard
documents.
Smoke extraction via smoke inlet pipes from basements and
semi-basements is allowed through ventilated compartments. In this case, smoke
outlets must be at least 6 m above the floor of ventilated compartments in the
first basement (at least 3 m vertically and 1 m horizontally away from
structure of a building) or, for wet-type extractors, at least 3 m above the
floor. Smoke dampers are not allowed on these pipes.
Smoke exhaust fans must be positioned in separate rooms
whose enclosing structures have minimum fire-resistance rating equal to the
required fire-resistance rating of smoke ducts penetrating these enclosing
structures, or positioned in rooms which they protect.
Smoke exhaust fans can be placed on the roof or on the
building exterior and protected by enclosing structures to prevent unauthorized
access. Smoke exhaust fans are allowed on exterior walls if requirements under
d) section of D.9 are met.
D.10 In case of fire, air supply system for smoke control must supply outside
air to the following areas:
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b) Vestibules of fire service elevator shafts;
c) N2 smokeproof stairwells;
d) Fire protection vestibules on the storey on fire of N3
smokeproof stairwells;
e) Fire protection vestibules from exits of elevators to
parking spaces of underground parking garages;
f) Fire protection vestibules in indoor staircases, leading
from basements or semi-basements where combustible materials and substances are
used or stored to rooms on the first storey or corridors that do not receive
natural ventilation. Air supply for vestibules of factories where metallurgy,
casting, rolling, and other heat treatments take place can be provided by
ventilated compartments of the building;
g) Fire protection vestibules on entrances to atriums and
mercantile sections, from elevation of basements and semi-basements;
h) Vestibules (if the regulation requires vestibules in N2
stairwells) of the storey with fire of N2 stairwells in apartment buildings
with a fire height above 75 m; multipurpose buildings with a fire height above
28 m, and public structures with a fire height above 50 m;
i) Lower sections of rooms and corridors protected by smoke
extraction systems in order to make up for the extracted smoke volume;
NOTE: Lower sections of rooms or corridors are sections that
are situated below the smoke layer in case of fire and protected by smoke
extraction system and air supply system for smoke control.
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k) Fire protection vestibules, vestibules separating motor
vehicle holding spaces from enclosed ramps of underground parking garages;
l) Fire protection vestibules of entrances to entrance halls
from N2 stairwells which are connected to upper storeys of the building;
m) Fire protection vestibules (elevator lobbies) from
elevator exits to semi-basements and basements of the building;
n) Rooms located in control areas (if any) above the storey
with fire.
Air supply for the purpose of maintaining positive pressure
is allowed in common corridors of rooms from which smoke is extracted and in
corridors connected to recreational areas, waiting lounges, other corridors,
corridors, and atriums protected by smoke extraction system.
In fire protection vestibules (elevator lobbies) on exits
from elevators to basements of the building, air supply from elevator shafts
via normally closed fire dampers is prohibited if home landings of these
elevators are on the first storey of the building and elevator shafts are
protected by air supply system for smoke control where provided air does not
extend lower than the home landings.
When situating control areas in elevator lobbies, air supply
into these lobbies is prohibited if air is provided through normally closed
fire dampers from adjacent elevator shafts.
D.11 Supply rate of air supply system for smoke control must be calculated so
as to maintain gauge pressure between 20 Pa to 50 Pa in the following areas:
a) In elevator shafts - when all doors along elevator shafts
are closed, other than doors on the home landings;
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- On the storey with fire: When doors leading from corridors
and lobbies to means of egress lead to stairwells are all open, or when doors
leading directly from rooms to stairwells are all open;
- Discharge doors are open while other doors leading from
corridors and lobbies on all other storeys are closed;
c) In fire protection vestibules on the storey with fire (when
all doors are closed).
Rate of air supplied into fire protection vestibules leading
to N2 or N3 stairwells, type 2 stairwells, atriums from basements and
semi-basements, and before elevator lobbies of underground parking garages must
be calculated so as to maintain a minimum wind velocity of 1,3 m/s passing
through open doorway taking into account simultaneous operation of smoke
extraction system.
Value of positive pressure shall be determined by comparing
with pressure of adjacent rooms.
D.12 When calculating parameters of air supply system for smoke control, the
following requirements must be complied with:
a) Gauge pressure is not lower than 20 Pa and not greater
than 50 Pa in:
- N2 stairwells;
- Fire protection vestibules leading into N2 or N3
stairwells from all storeys;
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- Fire protection vestibules separating motor vehicle
parking spaces from ramps of underground parking garages;
- Elevator lobbies in basements and semi-basements;
- Common corridors of rooms from which smoke is extracted
directly;
- Rooms in control areas (if any);
- Elevator shafts.
b) If double doors are installed, use area of the larger
leaf. This area must not be lower than the clear area necessary for evacuation.
In other cases, calculate using total clear area of both leaves;
c) Elevator cabins on the home landings;
d) Gauge pressure applied on closed doors of exit accesses
must not exceed 50 Pa when under simultaneous effect of smoke extraction system
and air supply system for smoke extraction.
D.13 Air supply system for smoke control must meet the requirements below:
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- Rooms where no other fans are installed, have fire-resistance
rating of enclosing structures not lower than the required fire-resistance
rating of structures intersecting the pipelines;
- Within a fire compartment: Rooms where air supply system
of general ventilation system is installed if design standard requirements are
met or directly in stairwells, corridors, and fire protection vestibules;
- On the roof and building exterior, accompanied by
enclosing structures to prevent unauthorized access.
b) All ducts and pipelines must be made from non-combustible
materials (including thermal insulation and fire resistant coatings), have
class B airtightness, and minimum fire-resistance rating:
- EI 120 - for air collector wells and air supply ducts
outside of protected fire compartment;
- EI 120 - for ducts of air supply system protecting
vestibules of fire service elevator shafts;
- EI 60 - for ducts supplying air into fire protection
vestibules leading into N2 or N3 stairwells from all storeys, and into spaces
of enclosed parking garages;
- EI 30 - for air collector wells and air supply ducts
outside of protected fire compartment.
NOTE 1: Fire-resistance rating is not required for pipes
contained in trays or mechanical shafts which are enclosed by fire protection
assemblies with equal fire-resistance rating as per the law
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d) Normally closed fire dampers in ducts supplying air into
fire protection vestibules with minimum fire-resistance rating of:
- EI 120 - for systems mentioned under b) of D.10;
- EI 60 - for systems under d), e), h), j), k), and l) of
D.10;
- EI 30 - for systems under f), g), and i) of D.10, as well
as m) of D.10 taking into account b) of D.10.
NOTE: Fire-resistance rating is not required for normally
closed fire dampers in air supply pipelines in technical ducts or shafts
enclosed by fire protection assemblies with matching fire-resistance rating as
per the law.
e) Fire dampers are not required for systems that only serve
one fire protection vestibule. Non-insulating butterfly valves are not allowed
in normally closed fire dampers in ducts supplying air into fire protection
vestibules;
f) Minimum clearance between smoke inlets of smoke
extraction system and air outlet of air supply system for smoke control
mentioned under i) of D.10 must not be lower than 1,5 vertically.
D.14 Requirements for premise - spatial arrangement and structural solutions
D.14.1 Enclosing structures of rooms where general ventilation equipment is
located which is contained in fire compartment protected by the ventilation
equipment must not be lower than EI 45.
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Doors leading to rooms above must be type 2 fire-resistance-rated
doors (other rooms where class E general ventilation equipment is located).
D.14.2 Enclosing structures of rooms where general ventilation equipment and
smoke ventilation equipment are located which are outside of fire compartment
protected by these equipment must have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI
150. Doors leading to rooms above must be type 1 fire-resistance-rated doors.
D.14.3 Elevator doors in buildings that are not protected by smoke extraction
system are not allowed to be opened in advance on any storey.
D.14.4 Exits from elevators to underground parking garages must be accompanied
by fire protection vestibules protected by air supply system for smoke control.
D.14.5 In order to make up for the smoke volume extracted by smoke extraction
system, a natural or mechanical air supply system is required.
a) In regard to natural air supply system, air can be
supplied via openings on exterior wall or air supply shafts fitted with
automatically controlled and remotely controlled valves. Openings must be
positioned on the lower section of protected rooms. In order to make up for air
in atriums and corridors thereof, doorways of exit discharges are allowed as
long as these doors must be automatically and remotely controlled. Total clear
area of open doorways must be determined in accordance with D.4 and ensure a
maximum air velocity coursing through the doorways of 6 m/s;
b) In regard to mechanical air supply system for smoke
control, the system can be designed as a stand-alone system or as air supply
system that supplies air into fire protection vestibules or elevator shafts
(other than fire service elevator shafts and N2 stairwells).
APPENDIX E
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FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE
E.1 Fire separation distance between houses, buildings, and
public structures, and from houses, buildings, and public structures to
buildings, manufacturing facilities, and storage facilities
Minimum fire separation distance between houses, buildings,
and public structures (including office buildings and service buildings) shall
conform to Schedule E.1.
Minimum fire separation distance from houses, buildings, and
public structures mentioned above to buildings, manufacturing facilities, and
storage facilities shall conform to Schedule E.1.
If separation distance between buildings and structures must
be enforced for the purpose of firefighting and rescue, separation distance
between 2 constructions must meet respective requirements in addition to those
under this Appendix pertaining to fire separation distance.
NOTE: Fire separation distance applicable to parking garages
shall be similar to that applicable to warehouses; fire separation distance
applicable to administrative - auxiliary buildings in industrial facilities
shall be similar to that applicable to public structures
Schedule E.1 - Fire separation
distance between houses, buildings, and public structures, and from houses,
buildings, and public structures to buildings, manufacturing facilities, and
storage facilities
Fire resistance category of the
first building
Fire risk level of structures of
the first building
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I, II, III
S0
II, III
S1
IV
S0, S1
IV, V
S2, S3
1. Houses and public structures
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S0
6
8
8
10
II, III
S1
8
10
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12
IV
S0, S1
8
10
10
12
IV, V
S2, S3
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12
12
15
2. Manufacturing facilities and storage facilities
I, II, III
S0
10
12
12
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II, III
S1
12
12
12
12
IV
S0, S1
12
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12
15
IV, V
S2, S3
15
15
15
18
NOTE 1: Distance between buildings and constructions shall
be the clearance between exterior walls or enclosing structures thereof. In
case structures and structural elements of buildings and constructions are
made from combustible materials and protrude by more than 1 m, separation
distance shall be the clearance between these protruding structures and
structural elements.
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NOTE 3: Fire separation distance under this schedule of two-storey
buildings with prefabricated frame-sheet structures and fire resistance category
V and buildings tiled with combustible materials must be increased by 20%.
NOTE 4: Fire separation distance between any 2 houses,
buildings, and public structures is not required if the taller than larger
wall between these 2 houses, buildings, and public structures or both
opposing walls of these houses, buildings, and public structures are type 1
fire-resistance-rated walls.
NOTE 5: Fire separation distance between houses and from
houses to other civil structures is not required if total construction area
(including land area that is not built on between them) does not exceed the
largest permissible floor area in a fire compartment with the lowest fire
resistance category and fire risk level of structures (see Appendix H)
NOTE 6: Fire separation distance between houses and public
structures is not required if total construction area (including land area
that is not built on between them) does not exceed the largest permissible
floor area in a fire compartment (see Appendix H).
This note does not apply to buildings and constructions
placed under fire risk categories F.1 and F4.1, retailers of combustible gas,
combustible liquid, ignitable liquid, materials and substances that explode
or combust upon contact with water or oxygen or one another.
NOTE 7: Fire separation distance under this schedule can
be reduced by 50% for buildings and constructions that have fire resistance
categories of I and II, fire risk level of structure of S0, and are all
equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system.
E.2 Fire separation distance between manufacturing
facilities and storage facilities
Fire separation distance between buildings in an industrial
facility, depending on fire resistance categories and fire risk levels of
structures and fire and explosion risk classes, must not be lower than values
under Schedule E.2.
Schedule E.2 - Fire separation
distance between buildings in an industrial facility
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Distance between buildings, m
Fire resistance category of I and
II.
Fire resistance category of III
and IV and fire risk level of S0
Fire resistance category of III
and fire risk level of S1
Fire resistance category of III
and fire risk level of S2, S3. Fire resistance category of IV and fire risk
level of S1, S2, and S3. Fire resistance category of V
1. Fire resistance category of I and II. Fire resistance
category of III and IV and fire risk level of S0
Class D and Class E buildings: not required
9
12
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2. Fire resistance category of III and fire risk level of
S1
9
12
15
3. Fire resistance category of III and fire risk level of
S2, S3. Fire resistance category of IV and fire risk level of S1, S2, and S3.
Fire resistance category of V
12
15
18
NOTE 1: Minimum distance between buildings shall be the
clearance between exterior walls or exterior structures thereof. If
structures or structural elements of buildings and constructions are made
from combustible materials and protrude by more than 1 m, fire separation
distance shall be the clearance between these protruding structures and
structural elements.
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a) Total floor area of 2 buildings or more with fire
resistance category of III and IV does not exceed the maximum permissible
area of a storey in a fire compartment (Appendix H) with the highest fire
risk class and the lowest fire resistance category and fire risk level.
b) Taller or larger walls of buildings or constructions
facing another construction are type 1 fire-resistance-rated walls.
c) Walls facing buildings and constructions with fire
resistance category III, regardless of fire risk level therein, are type 2
fire-resistance-rated and have openings protected by type 2
fire-resistance-rated doors or fire dampers.
Separation distance between buildings must meet
requirements for firefighting and rescue.
NOTE 3: Separation distance in this Schedule applicable to
buildings with fire resistance category of I, II, III and IV with fire risk
level of S0 and class A, class B, class C can be reduced to 6 m from 9 m if
these buildings are equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system.
E.3 Area of openings not protected by fire protection measures
on exterior wall and corresponding fire-resistance rating of exterior wall
sections where fire protection measures are required
E.3.1 Fire separation distance by boundaries specified under this part serves
to determine area of exterior wall that is not protected by fire protection
measures and fire-resistance rating of exterior walls.
E.3.2 Fire separation distance by boundaries shall be the width of the open
space which is measured diagonally from exterior wall of the building to
boundary of adjacent plot, or to median of connecting roads, or to a reference
line between exterior walls of adjacent buildings in the same plot.
The reference line shall be identified as follows:
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- If both buildings are newly built, the reference line
depends on exterior area not protected by fire protection measures and
fire-resistance rating of exterior walls of both buildings.
- If exterior of the building is uneven, the safest
calculations shall prevail.
NOTE: Sections of exterior walls that are not protected by
fire protection measures are usually:
a) Doorways (doors, windows, and similar) that are not
qualified as fire-resistance-rated doors in fire-resistance-rated walls;
b) Wall sections whose fire-resistance rating is lower than
fire-resistance rating of corresponding fire-resistance-rated walls;
c) Wall section whose exterior employs materials with fire
risk equal or higher than Ch1 and LT1.
E.3.3 The ratio of the total largest area of openings not protected by fire
protection measures to total area of wall surface facing the boundaries shall
be determined in accordance with E.4a and E.4b. Fire-resistance rating of wall
sections protected by fire protection measures is prescribed under Schedule
E.3.
NOTE: In all cases, requirements for flame spread prevention
must be met.
Schedule E.3 - Fire-resistance
rating of exterior wall depending on fire separation distance by boundaries
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Fire separation distance by
boundary, m
Area of openings not protected by
fire protection measures
≥ 0 and ≤ 1,5
> 1,5 and ≤ 3
> 3 and ≤ 9
> 9
1. F3.1, F3.2; F2.1 karaoke venues, discotheques; F5
buildings of class C
E 120
E 60
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0
See Schedule E.4a
2. F5 buildings of class A, class B
E 180
E 120
E 60
0
See Schedule E.4a
3. Others
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E 60
0
0
See Schedule E.4b
Schedule E.4a - Ratio of the total
largest area of openings not protected by fire protection measures to total
area of wall surface facing the boundaries, % (applicable to buildings of sections 1, 2
Schedule E.3)
Fire separation distance by
boundary, m
Total area of exterior wall, m2
9
14
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...
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23
28
37
47
56
65
74
84
93
...
...
...
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186
233
326
465
930
≥ 1860
0,0
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0,9
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
1,2
4
4
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
1,5
6
5
...
...
...
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5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
1,8
9
7
...
...
...
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6
6
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
2,1
12
10
...
...
...
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8
7
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
2,4
17
13
...
...
...
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9
9
7
7
6
6
6
5
5
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
2,7
21
16
...
...
...
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12
10
9
8
7
7
7
6
6
...
...
...
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5
5
4
4
4
4
3,0
27
20
...
...
...
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14
12
11
9
8
8
7
7
7
...
...
...
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5
5
5
4
4
4
4,6
69
48
...
...
...
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31
27
21
18
16
14
13
12
12
...
...
...
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8
7
6
6
5
4
6,1
100
91
...
...
...
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57
48
38
31
27
24
22
20
18
...
...
...
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12
10
9
7
6
5
7,6
100
100
...
...
...
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91
77
59
48
41
36
32
29
27
...
...
...
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16
14
11
9
7
5
9,0
100
100
...
...
...
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100
100
86
59
56
52
46
42
38
...
...
...
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22
18
15
12
8
6
> 9,0
100
100
...
...
...
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100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
...
...
...
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100
100
100
100
100
100
Schedule E.4b - Ratio of the total
largest area of openings not protected by fire protection measures to total
area of wall surface facing the boundaries, % (applicable to buildings of section 3 Schedule
E.3)
Fire separation distance by
boundary, m
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9
14
19
23
28
37
47
56
65
...
...
...
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84
93
140
186
233
326
465
930
≥ 1860
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
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9
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
...
...
...
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7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
...
...
...
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12
11
10
9
9
9
8
8
8
...
...
...
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8
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
...
...
...
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18
15
13
12
11
10
10
9
9
...
...
...
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9
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
...
...
...
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25
20
17
15
14
12
11
11
10
...
...
...
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10
9
9
8
8
8
8
7
7
...
...
...
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33
2.5
21
19
17
15
14
13
12
...
...
...
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11
11
10
9
9
8
8
7
7
...
...
...
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43
32
27
23
21
18
16
15
14
...
...
...
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12
12
11
10
9
9
8
8
7
...
...
...
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55
40
33
28
25
21
19
17
16
...
...
...
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14
13
12
11
10
9
9
8
7
...
...
...
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100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
...
...
...
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100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
...
...
...
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APPENDIX F
(regulations)
NOMINAL FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS OF
SOME STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
F.1 Wall structural elements
Schedule F.1 - Masonry wall or
concrete wall
Structures and materials
Minimum thickness excluding the
plaster, mm,
to maintain fire-resistance rating
For load bearing structural
elements
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REI
REI
REI
REI
REI
REI
El
El
El
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El
El
240
180
120
90
60
30
240
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120
90
60
30
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
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(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
1. Reinforced concrete wall with concrete cover protecting
the primary load bearing reinforcement of 25 mm:
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a) Not plastered (designed in accordance with selected and
applied standards)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to 12,5 mm of
thickness
180
-
100
100
75
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-
-
-
-
-
-
2. Lightweight concrete wall with Group 23)
aggregate:
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...
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-
-
-
-
-
-
150
150
150
...
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150
150
3. Terracotta walls, concrete masonry walls:
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a) Not plastered
200
200
100
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100
100
170
170
100
100
75
75
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to 13 mm of
thickness
...
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200
100
100
100
100
170
170
100
100
...
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75
4. Concrete masonry wall with Group 1 1)
aggregate:
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a) Not plastered
150
-
100
100
...
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100
150
-
75
75
75
50
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to 12,5 mm of
thickness
150
...
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100
100
100
100
100
-
75
75
75
...
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5. Concrete masonry wall with Group 2 2)
aggregate:
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a) Not plastered
-
-
100
100
100
...
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150
-
100
100
75
50
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to 12,5 mm of
thickness
-
-
...
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100
100
100
150
-
100
100
75
50
...
...
...
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180
140
100
100
100
100
100
-
62
...
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50
50
7. Hollow concrete masonry wall with the void running
along the thickness of the wall and Group 1 1) aggregate:
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a) Not plastered
-
-
100
...
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100
100
150
-
100
100
75
75
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to 12,5 mm of
thickness
...
...
...
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-
100
100
100
100
150
-
100
75
...
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...
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75
8. Hollow concrete masonry wall with the void running
along the thickness of the wall and Group 2 2) aggregate
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a) Not plastered
-
-
-
-
...
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-
150
-
150
125
125
125
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to 12,5 mm of
thickness
-
...
...
...
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-
-
-
-
150
-
150
125
125
...
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...
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9. Hollow clay brick with less than 50% of void areas:
...
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Plastered with sand and cement mix to 12,5 mm of thickness
-
-
-
-
-
...
...
...
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-
-
-
-
100
75
10. Cavity wall, outer wall made from terracotta bricks or
blocks, concrete with at least 100 mm of thickness and:
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...
...
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100
100
100
100
100
100
75
-
75
...
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75
75
b) Inner wall made from bricks or concrete masonry with
Group 1 1) aggregate, solid or hollow
100
100
100
100
100
100
...
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-
75
75
75
75
11. Cavity wall with outer wall made from hollow clay
bricks with less than 50% of void areas as stated under section 9 and inner
wall made from aerated concrete blocks with mass per unit volume ranging from
480 kg/m3 to 1 200 kg/m3:
150
140
100
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100
100
75
75
75
75
75
75
1) “Group 1 aggregate” means: cenospheres, pumice, blast furnace slag,
pelletized fly ash, bricks, other grounded baked clay products (including
ceramsite sand), clinkers, and crushed limestone.
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NOTE 1: Rules for determining fire-resistance ratings
shall conform to part 2.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings in the schedule only apply
to statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance ratings of statically
indeterminate structures shall be calculated in accordance with selected and
applied standards.
NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of components must be
taken into account simultaneously.
Schedule F.2 - Non-load bearing
exterior wall
Structures and materials
Fire-resistance rating
1. Framing steel walls whose outer layers are made of
non-combustible sheets and inner layers are:
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El 240
b) 2 boards of 9,5 mm of thickness
El 30
c) Boards of 9,5 mm of thickness and plastered with gypsum
to 12,5 mm of thickness
El 30
d) Boards of 12,5 mm of thickness and plastered with
gypsum to 5 mm of thickness
El 30
2. Wood stud wall framing whose outer layers are sand and
cement mix or cement - lime 1) of 10 mm of thickness and inner
layers are:
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El 60
b) Boards of 9,5 mm of thickness and plastered with gypsum
to 12,5 mm of thickness
El 60
c) Boards of 12,5 mm of thickness and plastered with
gypsum to 5 mm of thickness
El 60
d) Aerated concrete blocks with thickness of:
50 mm
El 180
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El 240
75 mm
El 240
100 mm
El 240
3. Wood stud wall framing whose outer layers are brick or
clay block or concrete masonry block of 100 mm of thickness and inner layers
are plastered with gypsum to 16 mm of thickness on top of steel mesh
El 240
4. Wood stud wall framing whose outer layers are
clapboards or plywood boards of 9,5 mm of thickness 1) and inner
layers are:
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El 30
b) Boards of 9,5 mm of thickness and plastered with gypsum
to 12,5 mm of thickness
El 30
c) Boards of 12,5 mm of thickness and plastered with
gypsum to 5 mm of thickness
El 30
d) Aerated concrete blocks with thickness of:
50 mm
El 180
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El 240
75 mm
El 240
100 mm
El 240
1) The presence of membrane preventing the diffusion of combustible gas
throughout the thickness of these structures must be considered useless for
the purpose of determining fire resistance of these structures.
NOTE: Rules for determining fire-resistance ratings shall
conform to part 2.
F.2 Reinforced concrete girders
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Properties
Minimum value, mm, in order to maintain
fire-resistance rating
R 240
R 180
R 120
R 90
R 60
R 30
1. Silica-based aggregate concrete:
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a) Average concrete cover protecting the main load bearing
reinforcement
651)
551)
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35
25
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
280
240
180
140
110
...
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2. Silica-based aggregate concrete plastered with cement
or gypsum to 15 mm of thickness on top of steel mesh:
a) Average concrete cover protecting the main load bearing
reinforcement
501)
...
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30
20
15
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
250
210
170
110
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70
3. Silica-based aggregate concrete plastered with
vermiculite/gypsum 2) to 15 mm of thickness:
a) Average concrete cover protecting the main load bearing
reinforcement
...
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15
15
15
15
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
170
145
125
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60
60
4. Lightweight aggregate concrete:
...
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50
45
35
30
20
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
250
200
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130
100
80
1) Additional reinforcement is allowed if necessary.
2) Vermiculite/gypsum must have mixing ratio based on volume ranging
from 1,5:1 to 2:1.
NOTE 1: Rules for determining fire-resistance ratings
shall conform to part 2.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings in the schedule only apply
to statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance ratings of statically
indeterminate structures shall be calculated in accordance with selected and
applied standards.
NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of components must be
taken into account simultaneously.
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Schedule F.4 - Prestressed
reinforced concrete girders
Properties
Minimum value, mm, in order to maintain
fire-resistance rating
R 240
R 180
R 120
R 90
R 60
R 30
...
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
1001)
...
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651)
501)
40
25
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
280
240
180
140
...
...
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80
2. Silica-based aggregate concrete plastered with gypsum
to 15 mm of thickness on top of steel mesh:
a) Average prestressing concrete cover
...
...
...
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75
50
40
30
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
250
210
170
...
...
...
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85
70
3. Silica-based aggregate concrete plastered with
vermiculite/gypsum2) to 15 mm of thickness:
...
...
...
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751)
60
45
30
25
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
170
145
...
...
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85
60
60
4. Silica-based aggregate concrete plastered with
vermiculite/gypsum 2) to 25 mm of thickness:
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
50
45
30
25
15
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
140
...
...
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85
70
60
60
5. Lightweight aggregate concrete:
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
80
65
50
40
30
20
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
...
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200
160
130
100
80
1) Additional reinforcement is allowed if necessary
2) Vermiculite/gypsum must have mixing ratio based on volume ranging from
1,5:1 to 2:1.
NOTE 1: Rules for determining fire-resistance ratings
shall conform to part 2.
Fire-resistance ratings in the schedule only apply to
statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance ratings of statically
indeterminate structures shall be calculated in accordance with selected and
applied standards.
...
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F.4 Reinforced concrete columns
Schedule F.5 - Reinforced concrete
columns (all 4 sides are exposed to fire)
Properties
Minimum value, mm, in order to maintain
fire-resistance rating
R 240
R 180
R 120
R 90
...
...
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R 30
1. Silica-based aggregate concrete:
a) Without additional protective measures
...
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400
300
250
200
150
b) Plastered with cement or gypsum to 15 mm of thickness
on top of steel mesh
300
275
225
...
...
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150
150
c) Plastered with vermiculite/gypsum1)
275
225
200
150
120
120
...
...
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Additional reinforcement is allowed within concrete cover
if necessary
300
275
...
...
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200
190
150
3. Lightweight aggregate concrete
300
275
225
200
190
...
...
...
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1) Vermiculite/gypsum must have mixing ratio based on volume ranging from
1,5:1 to 2:1
NOTE 1: Rules for determining fire-resistance ratings
shall conform to part 2.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings in the schedule only apply
to statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance ratings of statically
indeterminate structures shall be calculated in accordance with selected and
applied standards.
NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of components must be
taken into account simultaneously.
Schedule F.6 - Reinforced concrete
columns (1 side is exposed to fire)
Properties
Minimum value, mm, in order to maintain
fire-resistance rating
R 240
...
...
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R 120
R 90
R 60
R 30
Silica-based aggregate concrete:
...
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a) Without additional protective measures
180
150
100
100
75
75
b) The side exposed to fire is plastered with
vermiculite/gypsum1) to 15 mm of thickness
...
...
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100
75
75
65
65
1) Vermiculite/gypsum must have mixing ratio based on volume ranging from
1,5:1 to 2:1.
NOTE 1: Rules for determining fire-resistance ratings
shall conform to part 2.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings in the schedule only apply
to statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance ratings of statically
indeterminate structures shall be calculated in accordance with selected and applied
standards.
NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of components must be
taken into account simultaneously
...
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F.5 Steel structures
Schedule F.7 - Encased supporting
steel columns (column segment above 1 m in length does not weight less than 45
kg)
Structures and encasement
materials
Minimum thickness, mm, of encasement to maintain
fire-resistance rating
R 240
R 180
R 120
R 90
R 60
...
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A. Solid encasement 1) (not plastered)
1. Concrete with natural aggregate and minimum mix ratio
of 1:2:4 2):
a) Non-load bearing concrete, fitted with reinforcement
steel3)
...
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-
25
25
25
25
b) Load bearing concrete, fitted with reinforcement steel
(designed in accordance with selected and applied standards)
75
-
50
...
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50
50
2. Solid clay bricks
100
75
50
50
50
50
...
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75
60
50
50
50
50
B. Hollow encasement 4)
1. Solid clay bricks fitted with reinforcement steel at
every horizontal network, not plastered
115
...
...
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50
50
50
50
2. Solid blocks made from cenosphere concrete or pumice
concrete, fitted with reinforcement steel3) at every horizontal
network, not plastered
75
50
50
...
...
...
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50
1) Solid encasement means the outer cover is fixed onto the steel
pillar, leaving no gap between surfaces, and all joints and networks
contained therein are closed and solid.
2) The ratio of 1:2:4 means mixing ratio of cement : sand : aggregate by
volume. Heavyweight concrete with minimum grade of B20 as per TCVN 5574:2018
is considered to have qualified this requirement.
3) Steel reinforcement must be steel wires with minimum
diameter of 2,3 mm or steel mesh with minimum area density of 0,48 kg/m2.
The spacing between reinforcement bars contained by concrete cover must not
exceed 150 mm regardless of direction.
4) Hollow encasement means there is a void between the encasement and
the steel. All hollow encasement of columns must be filled effectively at
every floor elevation.
Schedule F.8 - Encased steel girders
(a girder segment above
1 m in length does not weight less than 30 kg)
Structures and encasement
materials
Minimum thickness, mm, of encasement to maintain
fire-resistance rating
...
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R 180
R 120
R 90
R 60
R 30
A. Solid encasement 1) (not plastered)
1. Concrete with natural aggregate and minimum mix ratio
of 1:2:4 2):
...
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a) Non-load bearing concrete, fitted with reinforcement
steel3)
75
50
25
25
25
...
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b) Load bearing concrete, fitted with reinforcement steel
(designed in accordance with selected and applied standards)
75
75
50
50
50
50
B. Hollow encasement 4)
1. Steel mesh:
...
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a) Plastered with cement - lime to a thickness of
-
-
38
...
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19
12,5
b) Plastered with gypsum to a thickness of
-
-
22
19
16
12,5
...
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2) The ratio of 1:2:4 means mixing ratio of cement : sand : aggregate by
volume. Heavyweight concrete with minimum grade of B20 as per TCVN 5574:2018
is considered to have qualified this requirement.
3) Steel reinforcement must be steel wires with minimum diameter of 2,3
mm or steel mesh with minimum area density of 0,48 kg/m2. The
spacing between reinforcement bars contained by concrete cover must not
exceed 150 mm regardless of direction.
4) Hollow encasement means there is a void between the encasement and the
steel. All hollow encasement of columns must be filled effectively at every
floor elevation.
F.6 Floor structures
Schedule F.9 - Reinforced concrete
floors (of silica-based or limestone-based aggregate)
Floor structures
Minimum value, mm, in order to maintain
fire-resistance rating
REI
REI
...
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REI
REI
REI
240
180
120
90
60
30
...
...
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(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
1. Solid floor:
...
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a) Average concrete cover protecting the main load bearing
reinforcement
25
25
20
20
15
...
...
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b) Overall depth 1) of the cross-section
150
150
125
125
100
100
2. Floor with void areas whose cross section is circular
or cubic. Solid area must account for at least 50% of total cross-section
area of the floor:
...
...
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a) Average concrete cover protecting the main load bearing
reinforcement
25
25
20
20
...
...
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15
b) Thickness of concrete underneath the void
50
40
40
30
25
20
c) Overall depth 1) of the cross-section
...
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175
160
140
110
100
3. Hollow floor with one or multiple cubic void areas
whose width exceeds height along the length of the floor
...
...
...
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a) Average concrete cover protecting the main load bearing
reinforcement
25
25
20
20
15
15
...
...
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50
40
40
30
25
20
c) Overall depth 1) of the cross-section
230
205
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155
130
105
4. Ribbed floor whose void areas are filled with clay
blocks or inverted T beams whose void areas are filled with concrete blocks
or clay blocks. If solid section of the floor is less than 50% of total cross
section area, the underside must be plastered to 15 mm of thickness:
...
...
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a) Average concrete cover protecting the main load bearing
reinforcement
25
25
20
20
15
15
b) Width of cross section of rib or T beam, measured on
the underside
125
...
...
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90
80
70
50
c) Overall depth 1) of the cross-section
190
175
160
140
...
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100
5. T section:
a) Average concrete cover measured on the underside
...
...
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55 2)
45 2)
35
25
15
b) Concrete cover measured on the side
65
55
45
...
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25
15
c) Width of cross-section of rib
150
140
115
90
75
60
...
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150
150
125
125
100
90
6. Inverted U-channel flooring section whose radius of
curvature at the junction with the floor rib is not greater than the height
of the cross section:
...
...
...
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a) Average concrete cover measured on the underside
65 2)
55 2)
45 2)
35
25
...
...
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b) Concrete cover measured on the side
40
30
25
20
15
10
c) Width of U rib
75
...
...
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60
45
40
30
d) Thickness of the upper side
150
150
125
125
...
...
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90
7. Inverted U-channel flooring section whose radius of
curvature at the junction with the floor rib is greater than the height of
the cross section:
a) Average concrete cover measured on the underside
...
...
...
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55 2)
45 2)
35
25
15
b) Concrete cover measured on the side
40
30
25
...
...
...
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15
10
c) Width of U rib
70
60
50
40
35
25
...
...
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150
150
100
100
75
65
1) May include thickness of coating or finish layers which use
non-combustible materials.
2) Additional reinforcement is allowed if necessary.
NOTE 1: Rules for determining fire-resistance ratings
shall conform to part 2.
...
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NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of components must be
taken into account simultaneously.
Schedule F.10 - Prestressed
reinforced concrete floor (of silica-based or limestone-based aggregate)
Floor structures
Minimum value, mm, in order to maintain
fire-resistance rating
REI
240
REI
180
...
...
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120
REI
90
REI
60
REI
30
(1)
(2)
...
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(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
1. Solid floor:
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
65 1)
50 1)
40
30
25
15
b) Overall depth 2) of the cross-section
...
...
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150
125
125
100
100
2. Floor with void areas whose cross section is circular
or cubic. Solid area must account for at least 50% of total cross-section
area of the floor:
...
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
65 1)
50 1)
40
30
25
15
...
...
...
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50
40
40
30
25
20
c) Overall depth 2) of the cross-section
190
175
...
...
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140
110
100
3. Hollow floor with one or multiple cubic void areas
whose width exceeds height along the length of the floor:
...
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
65 1)
50 1)
40
30
25
15
b) Thickness of lower flange
65
...
...
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40
30
25
15
c) Overall depth 2) of the cross-section
230
205
180
155
...
...
...
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105
4. Ribbed floor whose void areas are filled with clay
blocks or inverted T beams whose void areas are filled with concrete blocks
or clay blocks. If solid section of the floor is less than 50% of total cross
section area, the underside must be plastered to 15 mm of thickness:
a) Average prestressing concrete cover
...
...
...
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50 1)
40
30
25
15
b) Width of cross section of rib or T beam, measured on
the underside
125
100
90
...
...
...
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70
50
c) Overall depth 2) of the cross-section
190
175
160
140
110
100
...
...
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover measured on the
underside
100 1)
85 1)
...
...
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50 1)
40
25
b) Thickness of prestressing concrete cover measured on
the side
100
85
65
50
40
...
...
...
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c) Width of rib
250
200
150
110
90
60
d) Thickness of flange 2)
150
...
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125
125
100
90
6. Inverted U-channel flooring section whose radius of
curvature at the junction with the floor rib is not greater than the height
of the cross section:
...
...
...
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a) Average prestressed concrete cover measured on the
underside
100 1)
85 1)
65 1)
50 1)
40
25
b) Thickness of prestressing concrete cover measured on
the side
...
...
...
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45
35
25
20
15
c) Width of U sides
125
100
75
...
...
...
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45
30
d) Thickness of the upper side 2)
150
150
125
125
100
90
...
...
...
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a) Average prestressed concrete cover measured on the
underside
100 1)
85 1)
...
...
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50 1)
40
25
b) Thickness of prestressing concrete cover measured on
the side
50
45
35
25
20
...
...
...
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c) Width of U rib
110
90
70
50
40
30
d) Thickness of the upper side 2)
150
...
...
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125
125
100
90
1) Additional reinforcement is allowed if necessary.
2) May include thickness of coating or finish layers which use
non-combustible materials.
NOTE 1: Rules for determining fire-resistance ratings
shall conform to part 2.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings in the schedule only apply
to statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance ratings of statically
indeterminate structures shall be calculated in accordance with selected and
applied standards.
NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of components must be
taken into account simultaneously.
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APPENDIX G
(regulations)
DISTANCE TO EXIT ACCESSES AND WIDTH
OF EXIT ACCESSES
G.1 Maximum travel distance from the furthest (attended,
occupied) point to the nearest exit access
G.1.1 Houses
The maximum travel distance from entry doors of flats (F1.3
buildings) or dwelling units (F1.2 buildings) to the nearest exit access
(stairwells or exit discharges) is prescribed under Schedule G.1.
Schedule G.1 - Maximum travel
distance from entry doors of flats or dwelling units to the nearest exit access
Fire resistance category
Fire risk level of structures
...
...
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If doors are located between
stairwells or between exit discharges
If doors are located on dead-end
corridors
I, II
S0
40
25
II
S1
30
...
...
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III
S0
30
20
S1
25
15
IV
S0
...
...
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15
S1, S2
20
10
V
No regulations
20
10
G.1.2 Public structures
...
...
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NOTE: In regard to storeys whose corridors are not enclosed
by fire protection assemblies in accordance with 3.3.5 or do not comply with
3.3.4, the maximum travel distance of means of egress must be calculated from
the furthest point of rooms on those storeys. This note section does not apply
to storeys where karaoke rooms or discotheques are located.
G.1.2.2 The maximum travel distance from any point of rooms with varying volume
without audience seating to the nearest exit access is prescribed under
Schedule G.2b. If multiple primary exit accesses are grouped into one exit
access, the width of the exit access must not be lower than the total width of
all grouped exit accesses.
Schedule G.2a - Maximum travel
distance from entry doors of rooms to the nearest exit access in public
structures
Fire resistance category
Travel distance, m, based on density of
evacuating occupants, people/m2
≤ 2
> 2 and ≤ 3
> 3 and ≤ 4
> 4 and ≤ 5
...
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1. From rooms whose entry doors are located between
stairwells or exit discharges
I, II, III
60
50
40
35
20
IV
40
...
...
...
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30
25
15
V
30
25
20
15
10
...
...
...
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I, II, III
30
25
20
15
10
IV
20
15
...
...
...
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10
7
V
15
10
10
5
5
NOTE 1: Density of evacuating occupants shall be determined
by dividing the total number of occupants evacuating by means of egress by
area of such means of egress.
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Schedule G.2b - Maximum travel
distance from any point of public rooms without audience seating to the nearest
exit access
Room
Fire resistance category
Maximum travel distance, m, from any point of the room
to the nearest exit access based on room volume, 1 000 m3
≤ 5
> 5 and ≤ 10
> 10
(1)
(2)
...
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(4)
(5)
1. Waiting rooms, ticket sale rooms, exhibits, galleries,
ballrooms, resting rooms, and similar.
I, II
30
45
55
III, IV
20
...
...
...
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See note
V
15
See note
See note
2. Dining rooms, reading rooms when clear area of each
main passage per occupant is not lower than 0,2 m2.
I, II
65
See note
...
...
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III, IV
45
See note
See note
V
30
See note
See note
3. Mercantile rooms when clear area of main passages
accounts for at least 25% of room area.
...
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50
65
80
III, IV
35
45
See note
V
25
...
...
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See note
4. Mercantile rooms when clear area of main passages
accounts for less than 25% of room area.
I, II
25
30
35
III, IV
15
20
...
...
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V
10
See note
See note
NOTE: These distances must be determined by separate
technical evaluation.
G.1.3 Manufacturing facility and storage facility
G.1.3.1 Maximum travel distance from the furthest attended location in the room
the nearest exit access (either an exit discharge or a stairwell) is prescribed
under Schedule G.3. In regard to rooms larger than 1 000 m2,
distances under Schedule G.3 shall include the length of corridors that lead to
the exit accesses.
G.1.3.2 Travel distances under Schedule G.3 that correspond to room volumes
which fall in between the specified volumes shall be determined by
interpolation.
G.1.3.3 Travel distances under Schedule G.3 shall apply to rooms up to 6 m in
height. If rooms are taller than 6 m, these distances shall be increased as
follows: by 20% if rooms are up to 12 m in height; by 30% if rooms are up to 18
m in height; by 40% if rooms are up to 24 m in height without exceeding 140 m
in case of class A, class B rooms and 240 m in case of class C rooms.
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Schedule G.3 - Maximum travel
distance from the furthest attended location to the nearest exit access in
manufacturing facility
Room volume, 1000 m3
Class of room
Fire resistance category
Fire risk level of structures
Travel distance, m, when density of occupant
evacuating on common passage, people/m2
≤ 1
> 1 and ≤ 3
> 3 and ≤ 5
...
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A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
40
25
15
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
...
...
...
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60
40
III, IV
S1
70
40
30
V
S2, S3
...
...
...
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30
20
30
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
60
35
25
...
...
...
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I, II, III, IV
S0
145
85
60
III, IV
S1
100
60
...
...
...
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40
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
80
50
35
40
C1, C2, C3
...
...
...
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S0
160
95
65
III, IV
S1
110
65
45
...
...
...
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A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
120
70
50
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
...
...
...
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105
75
III, IV
S1
160
95
65
≥ 60
A, B
...
...
...
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S0
140
85
60
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
200
110
...
...
...
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III, IV
S1
180
105
75
≥ 80
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
...
...
...
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140
100
III, IV
S1
200
110
85
Regardless of volume
C4, D
...
...
...
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S0
Any
Any
Any
III, IV
S1
160
95
65
...
...
...
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No regulations
120
70
50
Regardless of volume
E
I, II, III, IV
S0, S1
Any
...
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Any
IV, V
S2, S3
160
95
65
NOTE 1: Density of evacuating occupants shall be
determined by dividing the total number of occupants evacuating by means of
egress by area of such means of egress
Schedule G.4 - Travel distance from
entry doors to manufacturing rooms up to 1 000 m2 in area to the
nearest exit access
...
...
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Class of room
Fire resistance category
Fire risk level of structures
Travel distance along corridor, m, from doors of rooms to the
nearest exit access, when density of people evacuating through common
passages, people/m2
≤ 2
> 2 and ≤ 3
> 3 and ≤ 4
> 4 and ≤ 5
1. Between 2 exit accesses
...
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I, II, III, IV
S0
60
50
40
35
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
...
...
...
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95
80
65
III, IV
S1
85
65
55
45
...
...
...
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S2, S3
60
50
40
35
C4, D, E
I, II, III, IV
S0
180
...
...
...
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120
100
III, IV
S1
125
100
85
70
No regulations
...
...
...
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90
70
60
50
2. Into dead-end corridors
Regardless of class
I, II, III, IV
S0
30
...
...
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20
15
III, IV
S1
20
15
15
10
No regulations
...
...
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15
10
10
8
G.2 Clear width of exit access
G.2.1 Public structures
G.2.1.1 Width of an exit access from a corridor into a stairwell and width of
stringers must be determined on the basis of number of occupants evacuating
through the exit access number of evacuating occupants per 1 m of width of exit
access (exit access door). Number of evacuating occupants per 1 m of width of
exit access varies depending on fire resistance category of the building
without exceeding:
- 165 people/m in a building with fire resistance category
of I or II;
- 115 people/m in a building with fire resistance category
of III or IV;
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G.2.1.2 For the purpose of calculating width of exit accesses of buildings
affiliated with primary schools, secondary schools, boarding schools, and
boarding sections thereof, occupant load of each storey must be determined on
the basis of occupant load of classrooms, rooms dedicated for vocational
education and training, dwelling units, sports, conference spaces, and lecture
halls on that storey (see G.3, Schedule G.9).
G.2.1.3 Width of doors of classrooms occupied by more than 15 students must not
be lower than 0,9 m.
G.2.1.4 Width of an exit access from rooms without audience seating must be
determined based on the number of occupants evacuating through the exit access
according to Schedule G.5 without being lower than 1,2 m in rooms with occupant
load exceeding 50 people.
Schedule G.5 - Maximum number of
occupants per 1 m of width of exit access of rooms without audience seating in
public structures
Room
Fire resistance category
Maximum number of occupants per 1
m of width of exit access in rooms with volume of, 1 000 m3
≤ 5
> 5 and ≤ 10
...
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1. Mercantile rooms when clear area of primary means of
egress is not lower than 25% of clear area of the rooms; Dining and reading
rooms when density of occupants on each primary passage does not exceed 5
people/m2.
I, II
165
220
275
III, IV
115
155
See note
...
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80
See note
See note
2. Mercantile rooms when clear area of primary means of
egress is lower than 25% of clear area of the rooms; and other rooms
I, II
75
100
125
III, IV
...
...
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70
See note
V
40
See note
See note
NOTE: The maximum number of occupants per 1 m of width of
exit access must be determined in accordance with separate technical
evaluation.
G.2.1.5 Width of primary exit accesses in a mercantile room must not be lower
than:
- 1,4 m - if area for mercantile occupancy is not larger
than 100 m2;
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- 2,0 m - if area for mercantile occupancy is larger than
150 m2 and not larger than 400 m2;
- 2,5 m - if area for mercantile occupancy is larger than
400 m2.
G.2.1.6 Number of occupants per 1 m of width of means of egress from bleachers
of sports and outdoor performance structures is prescribed under Schedule G.6.
Schedule G.6 - Maximum number of
occupants per 1 m of width of means of egress from bleachers of sports and
outdoor performance structures
Fire resistance category of
structures
Maximum number of occupants per 1 m
of width of means of egress
Along staircases of main passages
of bleachers
Through doors from main passages
of bleachers
Descending
...
...
...
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Descending
Ascending
I, II
600
825
620
1 230
III, IV
420
...
...
...
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435
860
V
300
415
310
615
NOTE: Total number of occupant evacuating through an exit
access must not exceed 1 500 people if bleachers have fire resistance
category of I or II. Total number of occupants evacuating through means of
egress must be reduced by 30% in bleachers with fire resistance category of
III and by 50% in bleachers with fire resistance category of IV or V.
G.2.2 Manufacturing facility and storage facility
...
...
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Number of occupants per 1 m of width of an exit access that
corresponds to building volumes that fall in between specified volumes shall be
determined by interpolation.
In regard to rooms taller than 6 m, number of occupants per
1 m of width of each exit access in these rooms shall be increased:
- By 20 % if fire height of the building is 12 m;
- By 30 % if fire height of the building is 18 m; by 40 % if
fire height of the building is 24 m.
If fire height of buildings falls in between the specified
values, the number of occupants per 1 m of width of each exit access shall be
determined by interpolation.
Schedule G.7 - Maximum number of
occupants per 1 m of width of exit access from any room of manufacturing
facility
Room volume, 1 000 m3
Class of room
Fire resistance category
...
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Maximum number of occupants per 1
m of width of exit access from any room, people
≤ 15
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
45
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
...
...
...
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III, IV
S1
75
No regulations
S2, S3
55
30
A, B
I, II, III, IV
...
...
...
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65
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
155
III, IV
S1
110
40
...
...
...
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I, II, III, IV
S0
85
C1 , C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
175
III, IV
S1
...
...
...
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50
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
130
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
195
...
...
...
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S1
135
≥ 60
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
150
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
...
...
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220
III, IV
S1
155
≥ 80
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
260
...
...
...
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S1
220
Regardless of volume
C4, D
I, II, III, IV
S0
260
III, IV
S1
...
...
...
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No regulations
S2, S3
130
Regardless of volume
E
No regulations
G.2.2.2 Width of an exit access from a corridor to exit discharge or a stairwell
must be determined based on total number of occupants evacuating through such
exit access and number of people per 1 m of width of exit access under Schedule
G.8 and must not be lower than 0,9 m.
Schedule G.8 - Maximum number of
occupants per 1 m of width of exit access from corridors of manufacturing
facility
Class of room with the highest
fire risk level with exit access leading into corridor
...
...
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Fire risk level of structures
Maximum number of people per 1 m
of width of exit access from corridor, people
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
85
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
...
...
...
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IV
S1
120
No regulations
S2, S3
85
C4, D, E
I, II, III, IV
S0
...
...
...
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IV
S1
180
No regulations
S2, S3
130
G.3 Maximum number of occupants in buildings or building
sections
The maximum number of occupants of a room, a storey, or a
building shall be the occupant load of that room, storey, or building according
to approved design. If occupant load is not specified by the design, the
maximum number of occupants shall equal floor area of the room, storey, or
building divided by floor space factor (m2/person) under Schedule
G.9.
NOTE: The “floor area” mentioned above does not include area
of staircases, elevators, lavatories, and other auxiliary sections.
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Occupying space 2), 3)
Floor space factor, m2/person
1. Roofed playgrounds, halls, assembly spaces, clubs,
discotheques, bars, karaoke venues, and similar sections
1,0
2. Major lobbies, atriums, reception areas, waiting
lounges, and similar sections
3,0
3. Meeting rooms, guest rooms, conference rooms, dining
rooms, reading rooms, studying rooms, canteens, and similar rooms
1,5
4. Markets, shopping malls, supermarkets
...
...
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5. Galleries or (filming, radio, television, audio
recording) studios
1,5
6. General department stores, barber shops, hairdresser
shops, laundry shops, repair shops, or similar locations
3,0
7. Art galleries, product exhibits, museums, or similar
spaces
5,0
8. Offices
6,0
9. Large furniture retailers such as chairs, tables, floor
coverings, and similar
...
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10. Kitchens or libraries
7,0
11. Bedrooms or bedrooms integrated with studying rooms
8,0
12. Living rooms, leisure rooms
10,0
13. Storage or storage units
30,0
14. Motor vehicle parking garages
...
...
...
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1) If values under this Schedule are not used, floor space factor can be
determined based on similar existing buildings. In this case, parameters must
be able to reflect average occupant density in the peak time of the year.
2) If an occupying space is not mentioned above, value corresponding to a
similar occupying space is allowed.
3) If a building section serves different purposes, the highest
applicable floor space factor shall prevail. If a building contains different
occupying spaces, each occupying space must be calculated using floor space
factor corresponding to that occupying space.
APPENDIX H
(regulations)
FIRE RESISTANCE CATEGORY AND FIRE
SAFETY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS OF BUILDINGS, CONSTRUCTIONS, AND FIRE
COMPARTMENTS
H.1 Houses and suite-type dorms
Fire resistance categories, fire risk levels of structures,
maximum permissible fire heights of buildings, and area of a storey in each
fire compartment of houses and suite-type dorms are prescribed under Schedule
H.1.
...
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...
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Fire resistance category
Fire risk level of structures
Maximum fire height of building, m
Maximum area of a storey within a
fire compartment, m2
I
S0
75
2 500
II
...
...
...
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50
2 500
S1
28
2 200
III
S0
28
1 800
...
...
...
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15
1 800
IV
S0
5
1 000
3
1 400
S1
...
...
...
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800
3
1 200
S2
5
500
3
900
V
...
...
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5
500
3
800
NOTE 1: Regulations of number of storeys (permissible fire
height), area of fire compartments of F1.3 buildings with fire height ranging
from exceeding 75 m to 150 m are prescribed under Appendix A.
NOTE 2: Load bearing components of two-storey buildings
with fire resistance category of IV must have a minimum fire-resistance
rating of R 30.
H.2 Public structures
H.2.1 General provisions
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of structures,
maximum fire height, and area of a storey within a fire compartment of public
structures, including hotels and apartments (other than suite-type dorms and
hotels that resemble houses) are prescribed under Schedule H.2.
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Schedule H.2 - Public structures
Fire resistance category
Fire risk level of structures
Maximum fire height of building, m
Maximum permissible area of a
storey within a fire compartment, m2, with the number of above-ground storeys
(excluding the topmost mechanical floor)
1
2
3
4,5
...
...
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10 through 16
I
S0
50
6 000
5 000
5 000
5 000
5 000
...
...
...
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II
S0
50
6 000
4 000
4 000
4 000
4 000
2 200
...
...
...
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S1
28
5 000
3 000
3 000
2 000
1 200
-
III
...
...
...
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15
3 000
2 000
2 000
1 200
-
-
III
S1
...
...
...
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2 000
1 400
1 200
800
-
-
IV
S0
9
...
...
...
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1 400
-
-
-
-
IV
S1
6
2 000
...
...
...
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-
-
-
-
IV
S2, S3
6
1 200
800
...
...
...
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-
-
-
V
S1, S2, S3
6
1 200
800
-
...
...
...
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-
-
NOTE 1: This Schedule applies to public structures
mentioned under H.2.1, unless otherwise specified under H.2.2 through H.2.12.
NOTE 2: The “-“ symbol in the schedule indicates that a
building with fire resistance category matching that on the same row is not
allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on the same column.
NOTE 3: Load bearing structures of two-storey buildings
with fire resistance category of IV must have minimum fire-resistance rating
of R 45.
NOTE 4: Number of storeys (permissible fire height), area
of fire compartments of public structures with fire height ranging from
exceeding 50 m to 150 m are prescribed under Appendix A.
H.2.2 Service establishments (F3.5)
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of structures,
maximum fire height of buildings, and area of a storey within a fire
compartment of service establishments (F3.5) are prescribed under Schedule H.3.
Additional regulations under H.2.12 are required.
Schedule H.3 - Service
establishments (F3.5)
...
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Fire risk level of structure
Maximum fire height of building, m
Maximum area of a storey within a
fire compartment, m2
Single-storey building
Multistorey building (up to 6
storeys excluding the topmost mechanical floor)
I
S0
18
3 000
...
...
...
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II
S0
18
3 000
2 500
II
S1
6
2 500
...
...
...
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III
S0
6
2 500
1 000
III
S1
5
1 000
...
...
...
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IV
S0, S1
5
1 000
-
IV
S2, S3
5
500
...
...
...
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V
S1, S2, S3
5
500
-
NOTE: The “-“ symbol in the schedule indicates that a
building with fire resistance category matching that on the same row is not
allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on the same column.
H.2.3 Commercial establishments (F3.1)
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of structure,
maximum fire height, and area of a storey within a fire compartment of
commercial establishments (F3.1) are prescribed under Schedule H.4. Additional
regulations under H.2.12 are required.
Schedule H.4 - Commercial
establishments (F3.1)
...
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Fire risk level of structure
Maximum fire height, m
Maximum area of a storey within a
fire compartment, m2
One storey
Two storeys
3 through 5 storeys
I, II
S0
28
...
...
...
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3 000
2 500
III
S0, S1
8
2 000
1 000
-
IV
...
...
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3
1 000
-
-
IV, V
S1, S2, S3
3
500
-
...
...
...
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NOTE 1: The “-“ symbol in the schedule indicates that a
building with fire resistance category matching that on the same row is not
allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on the same column.
NOTE 2: The maximum area of a storey within a fire
compartment of a single-storey commercial establishment (that is not a
retailer of paint, varnish, finish materials, motor vehicle parts,
components, carpets, or furniture) with fire resistance category of III as
long as retail sections physically separated from other rooms by type 2
fire-resistance-rated walls.
NOTE 3: In regard to retailers with fire resistance
category of I or II, building height can be increased by 1 storey if the
topmost storey only contains storage, service rooms, and mechanical rooms.
NOTE 4: The number of storey shall equal the number of
above-ground storey and exclude the topmost storey.
H.2.4 Kindergartens, preschools
H.2.4.1 Fire resistance category, fire risk level of structures, maximum fire
height of buildings (fire compartments) of regular kindergartens and preschools
(F1.1) are prescribed under Schedule H.5 depending on the maximum number of seats
in the buildings. Additional regulations applicable to these buildings and
regulations under H.2.12 are required.
Schedule H.5 - Kindergartens and
preschools
Number of seats
Fire resistance category, not
lower
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Maximum fire height, m, (number of above-ground
storeys excluding the topmost mechanical floor)
≤ 50
No regulations
No regulations
3 (1)
≤ 100
III
S0, S1
6 (2)
...
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II
S0, S1
≤ 350
II
S0
9 (3)
I
S0
H.2.4.2 Inner walls, partitions, and floor structures of kindergartens and
preschools (F1.1) and clubs (F2.1) in building with fire risk level of
structure of S1 through S3, including wood structures/structural elements must
have fire risk level of K0.
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- Two storeys - for kindergartens and preschools dedicated
for children with physical and/or mental disability;
- One storey - for kindergartens and preschools dedicated
for children with visual impairment.
In regard to three-storey kindergartens, rooms for younger
students must be positioned on the first storey.
H.2.4.4 Rooms for older students, music rooms, physical education rooms, leisure
rooms, and service rooms are allowed on the third storey. In this case, rooms
larger than 50 m2 require at least one exit access leading directly
into stairwells.
Corridors connecting stairwells in kindergartens and
preschools must be physically separated from rooms by at least type 2
fire-resistance-rated partitions. Doors of rooms must be tightly sealed.
H.2.4.5 Auxiliary sections of adjacent buildings used as leisure rooms for
children in kindergartens and preschools must have similar fire resistance
category and fire risk level of structures as the main buildings.
H.2.5 Primary schools and secondary schools (F4.1) and
sleeping accommodations of boarding schools (F1.1)
H.2.5.1 Fire resistance category, fire risk level of structure, and maximum fire
height of primary schools, secondary schools, academic blocks of boarding
schools (F4.1), sleeping accommodations of boarding schools (F1.1) shall
conform to Schedule H.6. Maximum area of a storey within a fire compartment of
these buildings shall conform to Schedule H.2. Additional regulations
applicable to these buildings and regulations under H.2.12 are required.
Schedule H.6 - Primary schools and
secondary schools (F4.1) and sleeping accommodations of boarding schools (F1.1)
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Fire risk level of structure
Minimum fire resistance category
Maximum fire height of the
building, m
(number of storey)
≤ 100
No regulations
No regulations
3 (1)
≤ 270
S1
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3 (1)
≤ 350
S0
III
7 (2)
S1
II
7 (2)
≤ 600
...
...
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II
11 (3)
Any
S0
I
19 (5)
Sleeping accommodations
≤ 40
No regulations
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3 (1)
≤ 80
S1, S2, S3
IV
3 (1)
≤ 140
S0
IV
3 (1)
...
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S1
III
3 (1)
≤ 280
S0
III
7 (2)
Any
S0
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15 (4)
NOTE: The number of storey shall equal the number of
above-ground storey and exclude the topmost storey.
H.2.5.2 Fire height of academic blocks and boarding blocks
for children with mental and/or physical disability must not exceed 9 m.
H.2.6 Cultural establishments
H.2.6.1 Fire resistance category, fire risk level of structures, and maximum
fire height of F2.1 and F2.2 cultural establishments (libraries, museums,
galleries, clubs, theaters, auditoriums, cinemas, circuses, and buildings with
similar occupancies) shall conform to Schedule H.7 depending on occupant load
of the buildings or rooms.
H.2.6.2 Additional regulations applicable to these buildings and regulations
under H.2.212 are required.
H.2.6.3 Occupant load of rooms equals the sum of fixed seats and temporary
seats.
If cinemas contain several screening rooms, total occupant
load of these screening rooms must not exceed values under Schedule H.7.
H.2.6.5 Load bearing structures of roof (truss, girders, and similar) of stage and
rooms of theaters, clubs, and sports structures with fire resistance category
ranging from I through III must have a minimum fire-resistance rating of R 45.
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Fire risk category by function
Fire resistance category
Fire risk level of structure
Maximum fire height, m, (number of above-ground
storeys excluding the topmost mechanical floor)
Occupant load, seats
F2.1
I
S0
50
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II
S0
9 (3)
≤ 800
II
S1
6 (2)
≤ 600
III
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3 (1)
≤ 400
IV, V
S0, S1, S2, S3
3 (1)
≤ 300
F2.2
I
S0
...
...
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Any
II
S0
50
≤ 800
II
S1
28
≤ 600
...
...
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S0
9 (3)
≤ 400
III
S1
6 (2)
≤ 300
IV, V
S0, S1, S2, S3
...
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≤ 300
NOTE 1: The maximum height at which rooms are allowed in
F2.1 buildings which is determined by elevation of the first row of seats
shall not exceed 9 m in regard to spaces with occupant load exceeding 600
seats. Spaces with occupant load of up to 300 seats are allowed at a height
above 28 m are allowed in buildings with fire resistance category of I and
fire risk level of structures of S0.
NOTE 2: Discotheques with occupant load exceeding 400
people and rooms serving other occupancies with occupant load exceeding 600
people are not allowed on a storey whose fire height exceeds 9 m in an F2.2
building. Spaces with occupant load of up to 300 seats are allowed at a
height above 28 m in buildings with fire resistance category I and fire risk
level of structure of S0 as long as requirements under A.2.4.
NOTE 3: If full-time cinemas and seasonal cinemas with
different fire resistance categories are combined, they must be physically
separated by type 2 fire-resistance-rated walls.
H.2.7 Sports buildings and structures
H.2.7.1 If indoor sports competition, indoor skating rinks, indoor pools (with
or without bleachers), swimming training rooms, and indoor shooting ranges
(below bleachers or in other public structures) are larger than values under
Schedule H.2, fire-resistance-rated walls are required to separate these spaces
from other rooms.
H.2.7.2 Bleachers of any capacity in F2.3 buildings must have fire resistance
category of I and fire risk level of structure of S0 if spaces below bleachers
accommodate auxiliary rooms of at least 2 storeys.
H.2.7.3 Floors below bleachers must be type 2 fire-resistance-rated floors.
H.2.7.4 If auxiliary rooms only take up one storey below bleachers or when there
are more than 20 rows of benches on the bleachers, load bearing structures of
bleachers must have a minimum fire-resistance rating of R 45, fire risk level
of K0 and floors below the bleachers must be type 3 fire-resistance-rated
floors.
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H.2.7.6 Minimum fire-resistance rating of temporary (mobile) bleachers shall be
R 15 regardless of occupant load.
H.2.7.7 The aforementioned requirements do not apply to temporary audience seats
positioned on sports courts when the sports courts change shapes.
H.2.8 Passenger terminals
H.2.8.1 Instead of separating passenger terminals with fire resistance category
of I or II and fire risk level of structure of S0 into fire compartments using
type 1 fire-resistance-rated walls, fire compartments can be separated into
fire subcompartments with area compliant with Schedule H.2 (for rooms with
similar fire risk categories by function) by drenchers or fire curtains with
minimum fire-resistance rating of E 60. In this case, the aforementioned fire
curtains and drenchers must be installed in areas so that there is no fire load
within a 4 m radius in both sides of the fire curtains and drenchers.
H.2.8.2 Floor area contained within fire-resistance-rated walls (fire
compartments) in airport terminals with fire resistance category of I can be
increased to 10 000 m2 if there are no basements or existing
basements (semi-basements) do not contain storage units or other rooms where
combustible materials are located (other than storage spaces for belongings and
clothing of staff, and rooms with fire and explosion risk classes of C4 and E).
In this case, walkways from storage rooms of cleaning equipment in basements
and semi-basements to the first storey can be positioned along open staircases.
If such walkways lead from storage spaces, they must be positioned along
separate staircases contained in enclosed stairwells. Storage rooms (other
rooms where automated storage system is located) and clothing storage rooms
must be physically separated from other sections of basements by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions and equipped with automatic fire extinguishing
system while dispatch - command stations must be physically separated by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions.
H.2.8.3 Floor area contained by fire-resistance-rated walls in airport terminals
and passenger terminals with fire resistance category of I and fire risk level
of structure of S0 shall not be limited if automatic extinguishing system is
installed.
H.2.9 Hospitals
H.2.9.1 Hospitals (F1.1) must be positioned in detached buildings or contained
in separate fire compartments with maximum fire height of 28 m. Hospitals with
2 storeys or higher must have fire resistance category of I or II and fire risk
level of structure of S0.
H.2.9.2 Single-storey hospitals may have fire resistance category of III and
minimum fire risk level of structure of S1, in this case, the maximum area of a
storey within a fire compartment must not exceed 2 000 m2 for
buildings with fire risk level of structure of S0 and not exceed 200 m2
for buildings with fire risk level of structure of S1. Then, walls, partitions,
and floors, including wood structures must have fire risk level of K0.
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H.2.9.4 Treatment wards for patients with mental illnesses and treatment wards
of medical stations must have maximum fire height of 9 m, minimum fire
resistance category of II, and fire risk level of structure of S0.
H.2.9.5 Nursing homes and care centers for persons with disabilities must be
designed to meet fire safety requirements applied to hospitals.
H.2.10 General medicine examination and treatment
establishments (F3.4)
H.2.10.1 Maximum fire height of out-patient general medicine
examination establishments (F3.4) is 28 m. Fire resistance category and fire
risk level of structure of establishments that are two-storey high or more must
not be lower than II and S0 respectively.
H.2.10.2 Medical establishments that do not accommodate in-patient
treatment can be located in single-storey buildings with fire resistance
category of III and minimum fire risk level of structure of S1 as long as the
maximum area of a storey within a fire compartment does not exceed 3 000 m2
for buildings with fire risk level of structure of S0 or not exceed 2 000 m2
for buildings with fire risk level of structure of S1. In this case, walls and
partitions separating corridors and entrance halls from adjacent rooms,
including wood structures, must have fire risk level of K0.
H.2.10.3 Out-patient general medicine examination rooms (F3.4) can be
located in auxiliary sections of buildings with fire resistance category of II
and minimum fire risk level of structure of S0. These rooms must not be located
at a height above 28 m.
H.2.11 Sleeping accommodations of nursing facilities
H.2.11.1 Sleeping accommodations of nursing facilities must not be
taller than 28 m.
H.2.11.2 Minimum fire resistance category and fire risk level of
structure of sleeping accommodations of nursing facilities taller than 2
storeys must be II and S0 respectively.
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H.2.11.4 The number of sleeping units in sleeping accommodations of
nursing facilities with fire risk category of I and II and fire risk level of
structure of S0 must not exceed 1 000, with fire risk category of III and fire
risk level of structure of S0 must not exceed 150, and with other fire risk
categories must not exceed 50.
H.2.11.5 Sleeping units for families with children in sleeping
accommodations of nursing facilities must be positioned in detached buildings
or separate building sections separated by type 1 fire-resistance-rated
partitions, not taller than 6 storeys, and have exit access that are separate
from other building sections. In this case, sleeping accommodations must have fire
exits that meet any of the following requirements:
- The fire exits must lead to balconies or loggias where the
clear width of solid wall from the outer edge of the balconies (or loggias) to
windows (or glass doorways) must not be lower than 1,2 m or from one glass door
that opens to the balconies (or loggias) to another must not be lower than 1,6
m; or
- The fire exits must lead to transition walkways with
minimum width of 0,6 m and leading to adjacent building sections; or
- The fire exits must lead to balconies or loggias where
external ladders connecting balconies and loggias of other storeys are
installed.
H.2.12 Additional regulations applied to public structures
under H.2
H.2.12.1 Load bearing structures of roofs of auxiliary sections
adjacent to public structures mentioned under H.2.1 through H.2.11 (where a
part can be located in the main buildings and a part is located outside of the
main buildings) must have minimum fire-resistance rating of R 45 and fire risk
level of K0.
H.2.12.2 If the entire buildings with fire resistance category of I
and II and fire risk level of structure of S0 are equipped with automatic
extinguishing system, area of fire compartment mentioned under Schedules H.2
through H.4 can be increased up to two times the specified values.
H.2.12.3 If a two-storey building section is contained within a fire
compartment of a single-storey building under Schedules H.2 through H.4 and
does not take more than 15% of building area, the fire compartment is
considered a single-storey building.
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H.2.12.5 Fire-resistance-rated walls in entrance halls and waiting
lounges larger than area specified under Schedule H.2 can be replaced by
light-transmitting type 2 fire-resistance-rated partitions.
H.2.12.6 Wooden walls (wall surfaces), partitions, and ceilings of
buildings with fire resistance category of V that are kindergartens, primary
schools, secondary schools, boarding schools, out-patient medical examination and
treatment establishments, healthcare centers for children, and clubs (other
than single-storey clubs with stone wall cladding) must be protected by fire
protection measures.
H.2.12.7 If fire-resistance-rated walls cannot be installed in
passenger terminals and buildings or rooms with similar occupancies and large
spaces (shopping malls, atriums), fire-resistance-rated walls cane be replaced
by drenchers which must be positioned into 2 lines that are 0,5 m away from the
other with minimum intensity of 1 L/s for every meter in length of the
drenchers (for both lines). Drenchers must be sustained for at least 1 hour. In
addition, smoke spread between fire compartments must be prevented.
H.2.12.8 Libraries must not be taller than 28 m.
H.2.12.9 Maximum fire height at which lectures, auditoriums,
conference rooms, meeting rooms, sports training grounds without audience, and
other rooms with similar occupancies are allowed in buildings with any
occupancy is specified under Schedule H.8 and based on fire resistance
category, fire risk level of structure, and occupant load.
Schedule H.8 - Maximum fire height
at which certain rooms are allowed
Fire resistance category
Fire risk level of structures
Occupant load
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I, II
S0
≤ 300
50
S0, S1
≤ 600
12
S0, S1
> 600
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III
S0
≤ 300
9
S0, S1
≤ 600
3
IV
S0, S1, S2, S3
...
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3
NOTE 1: Maximum height at which a room is allowed means
the elevation of the first row of seat.
NOTE 2: The aforementioned rooms cannot be positioned
higher than the second storey in kindergartens, preschools, retirement homes,
care centers for persons with disabilities (other than suite-type),
hospitals, sleeping accommodations of boarding education institutions,
children facilities, children healthcare facilities (F1.1) or the third
storey in schools (F4.1).
NOTE 3: Total occupant load of rooms on the same storey
must not exceed the value specified under this schedule (unless the rooms are
contained in different fire compartments).
H.3 Administrative - auxiliary buildings of manufacturing
and storage facilities
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of structures,
maximum height of buildings, and area of a storey within a fire compartment of
administrative - auxiliary buildings of manufacturing and storage facilities
(buildings that are detached, adjacent, or contained in manufacturing or
storage facilities, F4.3) are prescribed under Schedule H.2. Elevation of
auditoriums, conference rooms, and meeting rooms under Schedule H.8 must be
taken into account when determining fire resistance category of the buildings.
H.4 Manufacturing facilities and livestock, poultry, and
animal husbandry facilities
H.4.1 Manufacturing facilities
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of structures,
maximum height of buildings, and area of a storey within a fire compartment of
manufacturing facilities depend on fire and explosion risk classes under
Schedule H.9.
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If automatic extinguishing measure is equipped for the
entire manufacturing facilities, floor area within a fire compartment under
Schedule H.9 can be increased up to two times the original values, except for
buildings with fire resistance category of IV and V.
In regard to buildings with fire and explosion risk class of
C in which class C1 rooms are located and occupy more than 1/2 the area of
corresponding storey area, area of a storey within a fire compartment under
Schedule H.9 must be reduced by 25 %.
Schedule H.9 - Manufacturing
facilities
Fire and explosion risk class of
building of fire compartment
Maximum height of building 1), m
Fire resistance category
Fire risk level of structures
Maximum area of a storey within a
fire compartment, m2
Single-storey building
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Three-storey building or more
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
A
...
...
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I, II
S0
Any
5 200
3 500
24
III
S0
7 800
...
...
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2 600
No regulations
IV
S0
3 500
-
-
B
36
...
...
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S0
Any
10 400
7800
24
III
S0
7 800
3 500
...
...
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No regulations
IV
S0
3 500
-
-
C
See 2)
48
...
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S0
Any
25 000
7 800 3)
10 400
5 200 3)
24
III
S0, S1
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10 400
5 200 3)
5 200
3 600 3)
18
IV
S0, S1
25 000
10 400
...
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18
IV
S2, S3
2 600
2 000
-
12
V
No regulations
...
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600 4)
-
D
54
I, II
S0
Any
36
III
...
...
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Any
25 000
10 400
30
III
S1
Any
10 400
7 800
...
...
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IV
S0
Any
10 400
5 200
18
IV
S1
6 500
...
...
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-
E
54
I, II
S0
Any
36
III
S0
...
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50 000
15 000
30
III
S1
Any
25 000
10 400
24
...
...
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S0, S1
Any
25 000
7 800
18
IV
S2, S3
10 400
7 800
...
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12
V
No regulations
2 600
1 500
-
1) Building height under this Schedule is calculated from floor of the
first storey to ceiling of the topmost storey, including mechanical floor; if
elevation of the ceilings vary, average values shall be used. Only
above-ground storeys are included for the purpose of determining number of
storeys. Single-storey buildings with fire risk level of S0 and S1 shall not
be limited in terms of height.
2) If an S0 building with fire resistance category of I does not satisfy
height or fire compartment area requirements corresponding to the scale of
manufacture, the latest edition of NFPA 5000 or equivalent standards are
allowed for the purpose of determining height and maximum storey area within
a fire compartment corresponding to fire-resistance rating of structures,
structural elements, and other conditions. Fire-resistance rating of
structures and structural elements in this case must not be lower than values
specified under Schedule 4 in regard to buildings with fire resistance
category of I.
3) Intended for wood processing and manufacturing facilities.
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NOTE: The “-“ symbol in the schedule indicates that a
building with fire resistance category matching that on the same row is not
allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on the same column.
H.4.2 Livestock, poultry, and animal husbandry facilities
(F5.3)
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of structure,
maximum height of building, and area of a storey within a fire compartment of
livestock, poultry, and animal husbandry facilities depend on fire and
explosion risk classes and are prescribed under Schedule H.10 whereas those of
class D buildings are specified under Schedule H.9.
Schedule H.10 - Livestock, poultry, and animal
husbandry facilities
Fire and explosion risk class of
building of fire compartment
Maximum height of building 1), m
Fire resistance category
Fire risk level of structures
Maximum area of a storey within a
fire compartment, m2
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Two-storey building
Three-storey building or more
C
36
I, II
S0
Any
25 000
10 400
...
...
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III
S0
25 000
10 400
5 200
12
IV
S0, S1
25 000
...
...
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-
12
IV
S2, S3
2 600
2 000
-
8
V
...
...
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1 200
-
-
E
36
I, II
S0
Any
18
...
...
...
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S0
Any
50 000
15 000
18
III
S1
Any
25 000
...
...
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12
IV
S0, S1
Any
25 000
7 800
12
IV
S2, S3
...
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7 800
-
8
V
No regulations
2 600
1 500
-
1) Building height under this Schedule is calculated from floor of the
first storey to ceiling of the topmost storey, including mechanical floor; if
elevation of the ceilings vary, average values shall be used. Only
above-ground storeys are included for the purpose of determining number of
storeys. Single-storey buildings with fire risk level of S0 and S1 shall not
be limited in terms of height.
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NOTE 2: The “-“ symbol in the schedule indicates that a
building with fire resistance category matching that on the same row is not
allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on the same column.
H.5 Warehouses
H.5.1 Fire resistance category, fire risk level of structures, maximum height
of building, and storey area within a fire compartment of warehouses (F5.2)
depend on fire and explosion risk classes and are specified under Schedule
H.11.
Schedule H.11 - Warehouses
Fire and explosion risk class of
building of fire compartment
Maximum height of building 1), m
Fire resistance category
Fire risk level of structures
Maximum area of a storey within a
fire compartment, m2
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Two-storey building
Three-storey building or more
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
...
...
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No regulations
I, II
S0
5 200
-
-
No regulations
III
S0
...
...
...
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-
-
No regulations
IV
S0
3 600
-
-
No regulations
...
...
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S2, S3
75 2)
-
-
B
18
I, II
S0
7 800
...
...
...
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3 500
No regulations
III
S0
6 500
-
-
No regulations
IV
...
...
...
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5 200
-
-
No regulations
IV
S2, S3
75 2)
-
-
...
...
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36
I, II
S0
10 400
7 800
5 200
24
III
S0
...
...
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5 200
2 600
No regulations
IV
S0, S1
7 800
-
-
No regulations
...
...
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S2, S3
2 600
-
-
No regulations
V
No regulations
1 200
-
...
...
...
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E
Any
I, II
S0
Any
10 400
7 800
36
III
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Any
7 800
5 200
12
IV
S0, S1
Any
2 200
-
...
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IV
S2, S3
5 200
-
-
9
V
No regulations
2 200
...
...
...
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-
1) Building height under this Schedule is calculated from floor of the
first storey to ceiling of the topmost storey, including mechanical floor; if
elevation of the ceilings vary, average values shall be used. Only
above-ground storeys are included for the purpose of determining number of
storeys. S0 single-storey buildings with fire resistance category of I, II,
and III are not limited in terms of height. Single-storey buildings with fire
resistance category of IV with fire risk level of S0, S1 must not be taller
than 25 m, fire risk level of S2, S3 must not be taller than 18 m (where
height is determined from floor surface to the lower edge of load bearing
structures of the roof)
2) Mobile buildings
NOTE 1: The “-“ symbol in the schedule indicates that a
building with fire resistance category matching that on the same row is not
allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on the same column.
NOTE 2: If a class C or class E warehouse with fire
resistance category of I and fire risk level of S0 does not satisfy height or
fire compartment area requirements corresponding to their scale, the latest
edition of NFPA 5000 or equivalent standards are allowed for the purpose of
determining height and maximum storey area within a fire compartment
corresponding to fire-resistance rating of structures, structural elements,
and other conditions. Fire-resistance rating of structures and structural
elements in this cast must not be lower than the values under Schedule 4 in
regard to buildings with fire resistance category of I.
H.5.2 In regard to warehouses where work platforms, supporting frames, and
mezzanines are located, the number of storeys and storey area within a fire
compartment shall be determined in the same manner as manufacturing facilities
as stated under H.4.1. If openings are located on floors between storeys, total
area of these storeys must not exceed values under Schedule H.10.
H.5.3 If the entire building is equipped with automatic extinguishing measure,
floor area within a fire compartment can be increased up to two times the
original values specified under Schedule H.11, except for buildings with fire
resistance category of IV and V.
If warehouses are located in manufacturing facilities,
warehouse floor area within a fire compartment and their height (number of
storeys) must not exceed values under Schedule H.11.
H.5.4 Maximum area within a fire compartment of the first storey of
multistorey warehouses can be determined in accordance with regulations
applicable to singe-storey buildings if floor of the second storey is type 1
fire-resistance-rated floor.
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H.5.6 Warehouses of finished wood products are limited to only one storey with
minimum fire resistance category of IV and fire risk level of structure of S0
and S1.
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of structure, and
storey area within a fire compartment of warehouses of finished word products
are prescribed under Schedule H.12.
If warehouses of finished wood products are equipped with
automatic extinguishing measures, storey area within a fire compartment can be
increased up to two times the values under Schedule H.12 except for buildings
with fire resistance category of IV and any fire risk level and buildings with
fire resistance category V. In this case, intensity and area serving
calculation of amount of water or foaming agents must be increased by 10 %.
Schedule H.12 - Warehouses of
finished wood products
Class of building
Fire resistance category
Fire risk level of structures
Maximum area of a storey contained
in a fire compartment, m2
C
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S0
9 600
IV
S0, S1
4 800
IV
S2, S3
2 400
V
...
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1 200
H.6 Calculation of fire compartment area
H.6.1 Buildings and fire compartments must have dimensions that fit their fire
resistance category, fire risk level of structures, fire risk category by
function, fire risk classes of technology lines in the buildings or fire
compartments.
H.6.2 Fire compartment area shall be the largest area of a storey within a
fire compartment.
Area of a storey within a fire compartment shall be area of
floorspace limited by surrounding walls and/or type 1 fire-resistance-rated
walls. This area shall be determined in a manner that complies with the
following requirements:
- Area of a storey within a fire compartment shall be
determined by inner circumference of surrounding walls of the storey and not
include area of stairwells, unless otherwise specified. If surrounding walls
are partially or entirely missing, the area above shall equal floor area;
- Area of a storey within a fire compartment of buildings
connected via enclosed walkways, tunnels, or enclosed corridors must be
determined by the sum of area of connected storeys and area of enclosed
walkways, tunnels, or enclosed corridors;
- If openings are located on the floor of manufacturing and
storage facilities (F5.1, F5.2, and F5.3), area of a storey within a fire
compartment shall equal the sum of area of storeys connected by the openings.
- If ramps of enclosed parking garages are not physically
separated, area of a storey within a fire compartment shall equal the sum of
area of storeys connected by non-separated ramps;
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If open staircases, escalators, atriums, and other
occupancies are located in multi-storey spaces of F1.1, F1.2, F2 through F4
buildings, area of a storey within a fire compartment shall equal the sum of
area of the bottommost storey of the multi-storey spaces and area of corridors,
walkways, rooms of storeys above the multi-storey spaces within the space
separated by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions. If multi-storey spaces
are not physically separated from adjacent corridors and rooms by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions (even when substitutes such as fire curtains,
drenchers, and similar devices are installed), area of a storey within a fire
compartment shall equal the sum of area of corresponding storeys.
If multiple requirements above are combined, the least
favorable storey area and building height shall prevail for buildings with
corresponding fire risk level of structures.
If fire resistance category and fire risk level of structure
cannot be determined, fire resistance category of V and fire risk level of
structure of S3 shall serve as the basis for determining other fire safety
requirements (fire separation distances and so on).
ATTACHED FILE
