THE
GOVERNMENT
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No:
178/1999/ND-CP
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Hanoi,
December 29, 1999
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DECREE
ON CREDIT INSTITUTION’S LOAN SECURITY
THE GOVERNMENT
Pursuant to the September 30, 1992 Law on
Organization of the Government;
Pursuant to December 12, 1997 Law No.02/1997/QH10 on Credit Institutions;
At the proposal of the Vietnam State Bank’s Governor,
DECREES:
Chapter I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1.- Regulation
objects and application scope
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2. The credit allocation in other forms by
credit institutions according to the provisions of the Law on Credit
Institution, if the parties agree on security measures, shall also comply with
the provisions of this Decree, except otherwise provided for by law.
Article 2.-
Interpretation of terms
Terms used in this Decree shall be construed as
follows:
1. Loan security means the application of
measures by credit institutions to ward off risks and create economic and legal
basis for the recovery of loans already lent to customers.
2. Loans secured with property means the lending
of capital by credit institutions thereby the borrowers’ debt payment obligations are secured for
implementation with the pledged or mortgaged properties, or properties formed
from the loan capital of the borrowers, or guaranteed with the property of the
third party.
3. Loan security property means the property of
the borrowers, the property formed from the loan capital and the property used
by the guarantor to secure the performance of debt-payment obligations towards
the credit institutions.
4. Property formed from loan capital means the
borrowers’
property with its value having been created partly or wholly by the loan
amounts borrowed from the credit institutions.
5. Loans secured with property formed from the
loan capital means the use of property formed from loan capital by borrowers to
secure the fulfillment of their obligation to repay such loan to the credit
institutions.
6. Guarantee with the third party’s
property means the third party (called the guarantor) commits with the lending
credit institution to use the property under his/her/its ownership to fulfill
the obligation of debt repayment for the borrower when the debt turns due but
the borrower fails to perform or has performed improperly the debt repayment
obligation.
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8. Credit institutions mean the credit
institutions established and operating under the Law on Credit Institutions.
9. Borrowers include legal persons, family
households, cooperative groups, private enterprises and individuals, that meet
all conditions for capital borrowing at credit institutions as prescribed by
law.
10. Guarantee with trust of socio-political
organizations means a measure to secure loans in cases where a loan is not
secured with property, thereby the grassroots socio-political organizations
guarantee with their trust for poor individuals and family households to borrow
small sums of money at credit institutions for production, business and/or
service activities.
11. The borrowers’ obligations to pay debts to credit
institutions shall cover loan (principal loan), loan interests, overdue debt
fines and charges (if any) stated in the credit contracts under which the
borrowers shall have to pay as prescribed by law.
Article 3.- Loan-
securing measures
1. Measures of securing loans with property:
a) Pledge and mortgage of borrowers’
property;
b) Guarantee with property of the third party;
c) Securing with property formed from loan
capital.
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a) Credit institutions take initiative in
selecting borrowers to provide loans without property security;
b) State credit institutions may provide loans
without security as designated by the Government;
c) Credit institutions provide poor individuals
and family households with loans guaranteed with trust of socio-political
organizations.
Article 4.- Loan- securing
principles
1. Credit institutions have the right to opt for
and decide loans secured with properties or non-secured loans according to the
provisions of this Decree and take responsibility for their decisions. In cases
where a State credit institution provides loans not secured with property under
the Government’s
designation, the loss incurred due to objective causes by such loans shall be
handled by the Government.
2. Borrowers shall be selected by credit
institutions for loans not secured with property; if the credit institutions
detect breaches of commitments in the credit contracts by the borrowers during
the process of using the loan capital, such credit institutions may apply
measures of securing loans with properties or recover loans ahead of time.
3. Credit institutions may dispose of properties
used as security for loans according to provisions of this Decree and
provisions of relevant legislation in order to recover loans when the borrowers
or the guarantors fail to perform and have improperly performed their debt
repayment obligations as committed.
4. After the disposal of the properties used as
security for loans, if the borrowers or the guarantors still fail to fulfill
the debt repayment obligations, the borrowers or the guarantors shall have to
continue performing their debt repayment obligations as committed.
Article 5.- Protecting
the legitimate rights and interests of the parties
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Chapter II
LOANS SECURED WITH
BORROWERS’ PLEDGED OR MORTGAGED PROPERTIES OR GUARANTEED WITH THE THIRD PARTY’S
PROPERTIES
Article 6.- Principles
for loans to be secured with borrowers’ pledged or mortgaged properties or
guaranteed with the third party’s properties
1. Borrowers shall have to pledge or mortgage
their properties or to be provided with property guaranty by the third party in
order to ensure the fulfillment of their debt-repayment obligations towards
credit institutions, except where they are provided with loans secured by
properties formed from the loan capital or with loans not secured with
properties under the provisions of this Decree.
2. Credit institutions and borrowers shall agree
on the selection of applicable measures of security with the borrowers’
pledged or mortgaged properties or guarantee with the third party’s
property.
3. Credit institutions may choose qualified
properties as security for their loans; and select the third party to provide
property guarantee for the borrowers.
4. The guarantors may only make guaranty with
property under their ownership. The credit institutions and the guarantors may
agree on measures of pledging or mortgaging the guarantors’
properties to secure the fulfillment of guarantee obligations.
If the guarantors are credit institutions, the
guarantee shall comply with the provisions of the Law on Credit Institutions
and the regulations of the Vietnam State Bank.
5. When mortgaging properties annexed to land,
the borrowers shall have to mortgage the land use right value together with
such properties, except otherwise provided for by law.
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1. Properties, conditions for accepting pledged,
mortgaged or guaranteed properties, the procedures for conclusion and
performance of pledge contracts, mortgage contracts and guaranty contracts
(hereafter referred to as security contract) and for security transaction
registration shall comply with the provisions of legislation on security
transactions. The security contracts shall be certified by the State Notary or
the competent People’s
Committees if the parties so agree, except otherwise provided for by law.
2. The mortgage of land use right shall comply
with the provisions of land legislation.
3. The examination of the legality and conditions
of the properties used as security for loans shall be carried out by the credit
institutions.
Article 8.-
Determination of value of loan-security property
1. The loan-security property must be valued at
the time of signing the security contract; the determination of the property
value at this time only serves as basis for determining the amounts to be lent
by the credit institutions and shall not apply when disposing of the property
to recover debts. The determination of the value of loan-security property must
be made in a separate document attached to the security contract.
2. For loan-security property being not the land
use right, the determination of its value shall be agreed by the parties, or
made by the hired consultancy agencies and/or specialized agencies on the basis
of the market prices at the time of determination, with reference to different
prices such as the State’s
set prices (if any), the purchase price, the remaining value on accounting
books and other factors on prices.
3. The value of the mortgaged land used right is
determined as follows:
a) For land assigned by the State to family
house-holds and individuals for agricultural production, forestry, aquaculture
or salt-making; the residential land, the special-use land, land which the economic
organizations receive the right to use from other people or which is assigned
by the State with the collection of land use levy and the land use levy or the
money received for the transfer of the right to use is not provided by the
State budget; the land which the family households and individuals receive the
lawful land use right transferred from other people or which is assigned by the
State with the collection of land use levy, the value of the mortgaged land use
right is determined according to the land prices set by the People’s
Committees of the provinces or centrally-run cities applicable at the time of
mortgage;
b) For land leased by the State to family
households and individuals for which the rents have been paid for the whole
leasing term; land leased by the State to economic organizations for which the
rents have been paid for the whole leasing terms, but not allocated by the
State budget; land leased by the State to family households and individuals for
which the rents have been paid for many years and the paid leasing duration
still lasts for at least 5 years; and land leased by the State to economic
organizations for which the rents have been paid for many years and the paid
leasing duration still last for at least 5 years and such rents have not been
allocated by the State budget, the value of the mortgaged land use right shall
include the damage compensation money (if any) when the land is leased by the
State and the rents already paid to the State after subtracting the amounts
paid for the period during which the land was used;
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d) For land assigned by the State to economic
organizations without collecting land use levies, which is used for the
purposes of agricultural production, forestry, aquaculture or salt-making; the
land leased by the State to economic organizations, family households and
individuals for which the rents have been paid every year or for many years
while the paid leasing duration remains for less than 5 years, the value of the
mortgaged property shall not include the land use right value;
e) Where the land use right value is mortgaged
and the land lessee is entitled to rent exemption or reduction under the
provisions of law, the value of the mortgaged land use right shall be
calculated according to the land lease value before such exemption or
reduction.
4. Where the land use right is mortgaged and
such land is affixed with property, the value of the property used as loan
security shall include the value of the land use right and the value of the
property affixed to such land.
5. The value of pledged or mortgaged property is
determined to include yields, benefits and the rights arising from such
property if it is so agreed by the parties or provided for by law.
Where the mortgaged property is the entire real
estate with annexes, the value of such annexes is also included in the value of
the mortgaged property; if only part of the real estate with annexes is
mortgaged, the value of the annexes shall be included in the value of the
mortgaged property only when so agreed upon by the parties.
Article 9.- The scope of
obligation performance security
1. The scope of obligation performance security
is the borrowers’
debt-repayment obligations towards credit institutions. The obligations to pay
loan interests, overdue debt interests and charges (if any) do not fall into
the scope of obligation performance security if the parties so agree.
2. The value of loan-security property must be
higher than the value of secured obligation.
3. The debt-repayment obligation inscribed in
the credit contracts may be secured by one or many properties; by one or many
measures of security with properties, provided that the total value of all
security properties must be higher than the value of secured obligations.
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The credit institutions shall decide the lending
levels within the limit of the value of the loan-security properties and the
scope of obligation performance security already determined.
Article 11.- The scope
of securing loans by properties
A property is used to secure one debt-repayment
obligation at a credit institution; where the property is registered in terms
of ownership right as prescribed by law, a property may secure the performance
of many debt-repayment obligations at a credit institution provided that the
value of the loan-security property must be higher than the total value of all
secured obligations.
Article 12.- The
custody of pledged and mortgaged properties and documents thereon
1. When pledging their properties, the borrowers
shall have to hand the properties to the credit institutions for custody; if
the properties have been registered in terms of ownership, the parties may
negotiate to let the properties be kept by either the borrowers or the third
party, but the credit institutions shall have to keep the originals of the
property ownership certificates.
2. For pledged or mortgaged properties being
transport means or fishing vessels which have registration certificates, the
credit institutions shall keep the originals of the registration certificates
while the means owners may use their copies certified by the State Notary and
the credit institutions (the pledges or mortgagees) for the circulation of
their means during the time of pledge or mortgage. The credit institutions
shall make certification in a copy of the registration certificate only after
it was already certified by the State Notary.
3. When properties are mortgaged, the mortgaged
properties shall be kept by the borrower, except where the parties agree to assign
them to the credit institutions or the third party for custody. If the
mortgaged properties are those having the ownership right and the land use
right registered, the credit institutions shall have to keep the originals of
the property ownership certificates and the land use right certificates.
4. Where properties are pledged or mortgaged for
pooled capital loans, the credit institutions participating in the capital pool
shall nominate their representatives to manage the loan-security properties and
the documents thereon.
Where a foreign credit institution, a
joint-venture credit institution and a Vietnamese credit institution jointly
provide pool capital loan for a project in Vietnam, if the loan-security
property is the value of the land use right and the property affixed to land,
the Vietnamese credit institution must be the representative managing the
loan-security property and the papers thereon.
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Article 13.-
Performance of property-secured obligations in case the borrowers and
guarantors are divided, split, consolidated, merged, transformed or equitized
enterprises
1. For borrowers and guarantors being divided,
split, consolidated, merged, transformed or equitized enterprises under the
provisions of law or decisions of the competent State bodies, if the
enterprises are unable to pay their debts before the division, spitting,
consolidation, merger, transformation or equitization, the enterprises
formulated thereafter shall have to acknowledge the debts and fulfill the
obligation to pay debts to the lending credit institutions.
2. Properties used as security for enterprises’
debt-repayment obligations after the division, splitting, consolidation,
merger, transformation or equitization shall be handled as follows:
a) For divided or split enterprises: If the
loan-security properties are divisible, they shall be divided according to
rates proportionate to the debt-repayment obligations of the enterprises when
being divided or split up; if the properties cannot be divided in proportion to
the debt-repayment obligations and the divided or split-up enterprises have not
otherwise agreed on the security measures, the credit institutions may recover
debts before the division or splitting;
b) For consolidated, merged, transformed or
equitized enterprises: The properties used as security for the enterprises’
debts before the consolidation, merger, transformation or equitization shall
continue to be used as security for such debts of the new enterprises after the
consolidation, merger, transformation or equitization.
3. Where enterprises are unable to apply
measures as prescribed in Clause 2 of this Article, the credit institutions may
dispose of the loan-security properties to recover debts before carrying out
the division, splitting, consolidation, merger, transformation or equitization.
4. In all cases of transferring the obligations
secured with properties as prescribed in Clause 2 of this Article, the credit
institutions, the borrowers or the guarantors being enterprises after the
division, splitting, consolidation, merger, transformation or equitization
shall have to negotiate the re-signing of the security contracts.
Chapter III
LOANS SECURED WITH
PROPERTIES FORMED FROM LOAN CAPITAL
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The securing of loans with properties formed
from loan capital shall be applied to the following cases:
1. The credit institutions provide medium-term
and/or long-term loans to investment projects for development of production,
business, services and life if the borrowers and the properties formed from the
loan capital satisfy the conditions prescribed in Article 15 of this Decree.
2. The Government or the Prime Minister decides
to assign credit institutions to provide loans to borrowers in some specific
cases.
Article 15.- Conditions
on borrowers and properties formed from loan capital
When credit institutions provide loans to
clients under the provisions of Clause 1, Article 14 of this Decree, the
borrowers and properties formulated from loan capital must satisfy the
following conditions:
1. For the borrowers
a) Having enjoyed confidence of the credit institutions;
b) Having the financial capability to fulfill
the debt-repayment obligations;
c) Having production, business and/or service
development projects which are feasible and capable of repaying debts; or
having projects or plans in service of daily life, which are feasible and
compatible with the provisions of law;
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2. For the properties
a) Properties formed from loan capital and used
as loan security must be determined in terms of their ownership right or given
the right to use; their value, quantities and be allowed for transactions. If
the properties are immoveables annexed to land, there must be the land use
right certificates for the land plots on which the properties shall be formed
and the procedures for investment and construction under the provisions of law
must be completed;
b) For properties which, as prescribed by law,
require the purchase of insurance, the borrowers shall have to commit to buy
insurance for the whole loan term when the properties have been formed and put
to use.
Article 16.- Forms and
contents and procedures for the signing and performance of contracts on pledge
or mortgage of properties formed from loan capital
1. The contracts on pledge or mortgage of
properties formed from loan capital must be made in writing; may be written in
the credit contracts or made in separate documents as agreed upon by the
parties. When the formed properties are put into use, the parties shall have to
make appendices of the contracts on pledge or mortgage of properties formed
from the loan capital, clearly describing their characteristics and determining
the value of the formed properties.
2. The contents and procedures for the signing
and performance of the contracts on pledge or mortgage of properties formed
from loan capital and the security transaction registration with regard to the
security with the properties formed from loan capital shall comply with the
provisions of legislation on security transaction. The contracts on pledge or
mortgage of properties formed from loan capital shall be certified by the State
Public Notary or the competent People�s Committees if so
agreed by the parties, except otherwise provided for by law.
Article 17.- Rights and
obligations of borrowers when loans being secured with properties formed from
loan capital
1. The borrowers shall have the following
rights:
a) To exploit the utility, enjoy yields and
benefits from the properties, except where the yields and benefits also belong
to loan-security properties.
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2. The borrowers shall have the following
obligations:
a) To hand over to the credit institutions the
land use right certificates of the land plots where the properties being fixed
assets shall be formed when signing the contracts on security with properties
formed from the loan capital;
b) To notify the credit institutions of the
forming process and status of the security properties, creating conditions for
the credit institutions to inspect the loan-security properties;
c) For loan-security properties for which the
ownership registration is required by law, before putting them to use, to
register the property ownership and assign to the credit institutions for
custody the originals of such property ownership certificates;
d) Not to sell, transfer, donate, give,
contribute as capital to joint ventures or use properties formed from loan
capital to secure the performance of other obligations when debts have not yet
been paid up to the credit institutions, except where being permitted by the
credit institutions to sell them in order to pay for such secured loans.
Article 18.- Rights and
obligations of credit institutions accepting security with properties formed
from loan capital
1. The credit institutions shall have the
following rights:
a) To request the borrowers to inform of the
tempo of forming the security property and changes in the loan-security
properties;
b) To conduct inspections and request borrowers
to supply information for the inspection and supervision of properties formed
from the loan capital;
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d) To dispose of the properties formed from loan
capital in order to recover loan debts when the borrowers fail to perform or
improperly perform their debt-repayment obligations.
2. The credit institutions shall have the
following obligations:
a) To conduct evaluation and inspection in order
to ensure that the borrowers and the properties formed from loan capital and
used as loan security satisfy conditions prescribed in Article 15 of this
Decree;
b) To return to the borrowers the land use right
certificates and the property ownership certificates (if any) after the
borrower fulfill their debt-repayment obligations.
Chapter IV
PROVIDING LOANS WITHOUT
PROPERTY SECURITY
Section I. CREDIT
INSTITUTIONS SELECT LOANS WITHOUT PROPERTY SECURITY
Article 19.- Case of
application
Credit institutions may choose borrowers to
provide loans without property security when providing short-term, medium-term
and/or long-term loans for execution of development investment projects or
plans for production, business, service and daily life to borrowers as
prescribed in Articles 20 and 21 of this Decree.
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1. The borrowers shall have to fully satisfy the
following conditions:
a) Enjoying confidence of the lending credit
institutions in the use of loan capital and the full and punctual payment of
debts, both the principals and the interests;
b) Having investment projects or production,
business and/or service plans, which are feasible and capable of repaying
debts; or having projects or plans in service of daily life, which are feasible
and compatible with the provisions of law;
c) Having financial capability to perform the
debt-repayment obligations;
d) Committing to apply measures of security with
properties at the request of the credit institutions if using loan capital in
contravention of the commitment in the credit contracts; committing to repay
debts ahead of time if failing to apply measures of security with properties as
prescribed in this point.
2. For borrowers being enterprises, besides the
provisions in Clause 1, this Article, their production and business yield
profits for two consecutive years just before the time of loan consideration.
Article 21.- Limiting
loans without property security
1. The credit institutions must not provide
loans without property security for subjects prescribed in Clause 1, Article 78
of the Law on Credit Institutions.
2. The Vietnam State Bank shall stipulate the
level of loan without property security for a credit institution in each
period.
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Section II. STATE CREDIT
INSTITUTIONS PROVIDE NON-SECURITY LOANS UNDER THE GOVERNMENT’S
DESIGNATION
Article 22.- Providing
non-security loans under the Government’s designation
The State credit institutions provide
non-security loans to borrowers for the execution of investment projects under
the special economic programs, the key economic programs of the State and/or
socio-economic programs and to a number of clients entitled to policies on
preferential credits regarding the capital-borrowing conditions as prescribed
in legal documents of the Government or the Prime Minister.
Article 23.-
Responsibilities of the State credit institutions’ which are permitted to provide
non-security loans under the Government’s designation
1. To strictly comply with the regulations of
the Government and the Prime Minister on designated loans and abide by the
provisions of law in the process of loan consideration, inspection of the use
of loan capital and recover debt loans, both the principals and the interests.
2. To separately monitor designated loans and
report on the situation of loan capital use, debt recovery possibility, propose
handling of losses in cases where debts are unable to be recovered according to
the provisions in Clause 1, Article 25 of this Decree.
Article 24.-
Responsibility of borrowers of non-security loans under the Government’s
designation
1. To strictly comply with the commitments
stated in the credit contracts.
2. To strictly comply with the stipulations of
the Government or the Prime Minister on the use of loan capital with regard to
designated loans.
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Article 25.- Handling
losses of non-security loans designated by the Government
1. The Government shall handle losses incurred
by State credit institutions in cases where the clients borrowed capital at
designation cannot pay their debts ( principals and interests) due to the
following causes:
a) Natural calamities, fires and other objective
upheavals;
b) Borrowers being economic organizations which
are dissolved under decisions of competent State bodies or declared bankrupt
after they are handled according to the provisions of law but still unable to
fully pay debts to the credit institutions;
c) Other causes as decided by the Prime
Minister.
2. Quarterly, the State credit institutions
designated by the Government or the Prime Minister to provide non-security
loans shall synthesize the losses incurred due to the causes defined in Clause
1, this Article, and report them to the Vietnam State Bank Governor and the
Finance Minister for further submission to the Prime Minister who shall decide
measures to handle losses for the credit institutions.
Section III. TRUST GUARANTEE
BY SOCIO-POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR POOR INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS TO
BORROW CAPITAL
Article 26.-
Trust-guarantee by socio-political organizations
1. The grassroots socio-political organizations
of the Vietnam Peasants’
Association, the Vietnam Women’s Union, the Vietnam Labor Confederation,
the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union and the Vietnam War Veterans’
Association may provide their trust guarantee for poor individuals and family
households to borrow capital from credit institutions.
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3. The maximum loan amount lent to each poor
individual or family household trust-guaranteed by socio- political
organizations shall be stipulated in each period by the Vietnam State Bank.
Article 27.- Forms of
trust guarantee by socio-political organizations
The trust guarantee by grassroots
socio-political organizations must be made in writing, clearly inscribing the
following details: the amount to be borrowed, the borrowing purpose, the
obligations of the borrowers, the lending credit institutions and the
guaranteeing organizations.
Article 28.- Rights and
obligations of the credit institutions which provide loans guaranteed with
trust by socio-political organizations.
1. To request the guaranteeing organizations to
coordinate with the credit organizations in inspecting the use of loan capital
and urging the debt repayment.
2. To coordinate with the guaranteeing
organizations in the provision of loans and the recovery of debts.
Article 29.- Rights and
obligations of the trust-guaranteeing socio-political organizations
1. To assist, guide and create conditions for
poor individuals and family households to borrow capital and use capital for
the right purposes and with efficiency; to urge the full and punctual payment
of debts to credit institutions.
2. To refuse to provide guarantee if deeming
that poor individuals and family households are incapable of using loan capital
for production, business and/or service activities and of paying debts to the
credit institutions.
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1. To use loan capital for the right purposes as
committed.
2. To create favorable conditions for credit
institutions and socio-political organizations to inspect the use of loan capital.
3. To pay debts (principals and interests) fully
and on time to credit institutions.
Chapter V
DISPOSAL OF
LOAN-SECURITY PROPERTIES TO RECOVER DEBTS WITH REGARD TO LOANS SECURED WITH
PROPERTIES
Article 31.- The
principles for disposal of loan-security properties to recover debts
The disposal of loan-security properties to
recover debts with regard to loans secured with properties shall be effected
according to the following principles:
1. When due, the borrowers or the guarantors
fail to perform or improperly perform their obligations towards the credit
institutions, such loan-security properties shall be disposed of to recover the
debts.
2. The loan-security properties must be disposed
of by modes agreed upon by the parties in the contracts; where the parties
cannot handle them by the mutually agreed modes, the credit institutions shall
be entitled to:
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b) Request the guarantors to fulfill their
guaranteeing obligations; if the guarantors fail to perform or improperly
perform their obligations, the guarantors’ properties shall be disposed of for the
performance of the guaranteeing obligations.
3. Credit institutions may transfer the right to
recover debts and authorize the third party to handle the loan-security
properties; for this case, the third party is also entitled to dispose of the
loan-security properties to recover debts like the credit institutions.
4. Where a property is used to secure many
debt-repayment obligations, if such property must be disposed of to fulfill an
obligation to pay a due debt, the other debt-payment obligations, though not
yet due, shall also be considered due and entitled to the disposal of the
loan-security property for debt recovery.
5. Where the properties are disposed of
according to agreement, it must be effected quickly and openly, ensuring the
interests of all parties; if the properties are not disposed of due to the
failure to reach agreement on the selling prices, the credit institutions are
entitled to decide the selling prices in order to recover the loan debts.
6. Expenses arising in the disposal of the
loan-security properties shall be paid by the borrowers or the guarantors. The
proceeds from the disposal of loan-security properties, after subtracting the
disposal expenses, shall be used to pay debts collected by the credit
institutions according to the following order: the principals, the loan
interests, overdue interests and other charges (if any). If the proceeds from
the disposal of the loan-security properties are not enough for the fulfillment
of the debt-repayment obligations, the borrowers or the guarantors shall have
to continue performing their debt-repayment obligations as committed.
7. The competent State bodies shall have to
create conditions for and support the parties in disposing of the loan-security
properties in order to recover debts for the credit institutions.
8. The disposal of loan-security properties is a
measure to recover debts, not the property trading activities of the credit
institutions.
Article 32.- Cases
where credit institutions may dispose of the loan-security properties to
recover their debts.
1. After the time limit of 60 days from the time
a debt turns due, the loan- securing property is yet disposed of as agreed
upon.
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3. The borrowers being economic organizations
have been dissolved before the debts become due, the debt-repayment
obligations, though undue, are also considered due, if the borrowers fail to
pay their debts and dispose of the loan-security properties for debt repayment,
the credit institutions are entitled to dispose of the properties to recover
the debts.
4. The disposal of loan-security properties
shall comply with the provisions in Clause 3, Article 13 of this Decree.
Article 33.- Modes of
disposing of loan-security properties
1. Selling the loan-security properties.
2. The credit institutions take such
loan-security properties to substitute the performance of secured obligations.
3. The credit institutions may directly receive
money amounts or properties from the third party if the third party has the
obligation to pay the money or properties to the borrowers or the guarantors.
Article 34.- Effecting
the disposal of loan-security properties
1. The parties shall reach agreements on the
implementation of mode of disposing of the loan-security properties as provided
for in Article 33 of this Decree.
Where the parties agree to effect the mode of
selling the loan-security properties, the party selling the properties may be
the borrowers or the guarantors, the credit institutions, both that coordinate
therein, the authorized third parties. The property selling party ties may
directly sell them to purchasers or through the property auctioning centers or
the property auctioning enterprises.
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The credit institutions are entitled to dispose
of the loan-security properties as follows:
a) Directly selling them to purchasers;
b) Authorizing the property auctioning centers
or property auctioning enterprises to auction the properties according to the
provisions of legislation on property auction;
c) Authorizing or transferring them to the organizations
with property-trading function to sell them;
d) When the credit institutions take the
loan-security properties to substitute for the debt- repayment obligations, the
ownership over such property shall be transferred to the credit institutions;
e) Where the third party is obliged to return
the money or property to the borrower or the guarantor, the credit institutions
may directly receive the money amounts or properties from the third party.
3. Pending the disposal of the loan-security
properties, the credit institutions may exploit and use the security
properties. The proceeds from the exploitation and use of security properties,
after being subtracted for necessary and reasonable expenses for such
exploitation and use, shall be used for debt recovery.
4. In cases where there appear disputes between
parties and legal actions are taken, the loan-security properties shall be
handled according to the legally binding judgements of the courts or the
decisions of the competent State bodies.
5. Where the borrowers and the guarantors are
bankrupt enterprises, the loan security properties shall be handled according
to law provisions on enterprise bankruptcy.
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1. Where the disposal of loan-security
properties meets with difficulties due to both subjective and objective causes,
the competent State bodies have the responsibility to create conditions and
provide support when so requested by credit institutions.
2. The Ministry of Public Security shall guide
the police office at all levels to apply measures to support the credit
institutions in the disposal of properties when the borrowers and the
guarantors fail to settle the loan security properties as agreed upon.
3. The People’s Committees of the provinces and
centrally-run cities shall direct various branches and levels under their
respective management to implement this Decree and take measures in support of
the disposal of loan security properties in order to recover loan debts for
credit institutions.
4. After the loan security properties have been
disposed of the competent State bodies have the responsibility to effect the
registration of the ownership over the properties, transfer the land use right
to the property purchasers, the land use right transferees according to the
provisions of law.
Chapter VI
COST-ACCOUNTING,
REPORTING, INSPECTION, EXAMINATION AND HANDLING OF VIOLATIONS
Article 36.-
Cost-accountancy accounting, reporting, inspection and examination
1. The credit institutions shall have to
organize the cost accounting, implement the regime of information, statistical
report on loans secured with properties and loans not secured with properties
and the settlement of loan security properties according to the stipulations of
the Vietnam State Bank.
2. The Vietnam State Bank shall have to organize
the inspection and examination of the implementation of this Decree.
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1. Organizations and individuals that violate
the provisions of this Decree shall, depending on the nature and seriousness of
their violations, be sanctioned according to the provisions of law.
2. Organizations and individuals that violate
security contracts, if causing damage, shall have to compensate for the damage
according to the provisions of law; all contractual disputes shall be settled
according to the provisions of law.
Chapter VII
IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS
Article 38.-
Implementation effect
1. This Decree takes effect 15 days after its
signing.
2. The provisions at Point 1, Section II of
Resolution No.49/CP-m of May 6, 1997 of the Government on the State enterprises
borrowing capital from the State commercial banks without mortgage and other
previous stipulations on mortgage, pledge and security for bank loans cease to
be effective.
3. The credit contracts stating the application
of the measures of pledge, mortgage guarantee and lending without property
security, which have been made before the effective date of this Decree, shall
continue to be performed according to terms agreed upon by the parties and in
conformity with law provisions by the time of signing the contracts until the
borrowers pay up their debts to the lending credit institutions; particularly the
settlement of loan security properties for the above-mentioned contracts shall
comply with the provisions of this Decree.
Article 39.- Guidance
and implementation responsibilities
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2. The Vietnam State Bank, the Ministry of
Justice, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Finance and the
General Land Administration shall coordinate with the concerned ministries and
branches in promulgating circulars guiding the settlement of loan security
properties so as to recover debts for the credit institutions.
3. The Ministry of Justice shall guide the
public notary procedures, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of
Communications and Transport and the Ministry of Aquatic Resources shall guide
the use of the copies of the certificates of registration of communications and
transport means, fishing vessels for circulation of such means when they are
pledged, mortgaged for capital borrowing at credit institutions.
4. The ministers, the heads of the ministerial-
level agencies, the heads of the agencies attached to the Government, the
presidents of the People’s
Committees of the provinces and centrally-run cities shall have to implement
this Decree.
ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNMENT
PRIME MINISTER
Phan Van Khai