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THE MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND
ENVIRONMENT
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THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No. 27/2012/TT-BTNMT
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Hanoi, December 28, 2012
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CIRCULAR
NATIONAL
TECHNICAL REGULATIONS ON ENVIRONMENT
Pursuant to the Law on Technical Standards and Regulations dated
June 29, 2006;
Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August
01, 2007 on guidelines for some Articles of the Law on Technical Standards and
Regulations;
Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No. 25/2008/ND-CP dated March
04, 2008 defining functions, tasks, entitlements and organizational structure
of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, which is amended by the
Government’s Decree No. 19/2010/ND-CP dated March 05, 2010 and Decree No.
89/2010/ND-CP dated August 16, 2010;
At the request of General Director of Vietnam Environment
Administration, Director of Department of Science and Technology and Director
of Department of Legal Affairs;
The Minister of Natural Resources and Environment hereby
promulgates a Circular on national technical regulations on environment.
Article 1. Two (02) national technical regulations on
environment are promulgated together with this Circular.
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2. QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT - National technical regulation on
industrial waste incinerator.
Article 2. Effect
1. This Circular comes into force from March 01, 2013.
2. QCVN 02:2008/BTNMT on solid health care waste incinerator and
QCVN 30:2010/BTNMT on industrial waste incinerator are null and void from the
effective date of this Circular.
Article 3. The Minister, heads of ministerial
agencies, Governmental agencies, People’s Committees of provinces and
central-affiliated cities, General Director of Vietnam Environment
Administration, heads of affiliates of the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment and relevant organizations and individuals are responsible for the
implementation of this Circular./.
PP. THE MINISTER
THE DEPUTY MINISTER
Bui Cach Tuyen
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NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON
INDUSTRIAL WASTE INCINERATOR
Foreword
QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT is prepared by the team drafting the Circular
on promulgation of National technical standard on solid health care waste
incinerator and National technical standard on industrial waste incinerator,
submitted by the Department of Science and Technology and Department of Legal
Affairs to obtain approval from, and promulgated together the Circular No.
27/2012/TT-BTNMT dated December 28, 2012 by, the Minister of Agriculture and
Rural Development.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON
INDUSTRIAL WASTE INCINERATOR
1. GENERAL
1.1. Scope
This document provides for technical and environmental
requirements for industrial waste incinerators.
1.2. Regulated entities
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1.3. Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms below shall be
construed as follows:
1.3.1. “industrial waste” (hereinafter referred to
as “IW”) means waste generated by industrial processes and includes hazardous
waste and non-hazardous waste (normal waste).
1.3.2. “industrial waste incinerator” means a system
which is used for treatment of IW by burning and equipped with flue gas treatment
system.
1.3.3. “combustion chamber” means a space where
IW is incinerated by high temperature. It consists of:
a) “primary combustion chamber” means a space where
IW is combusted and reduced into gaseous and solid products (slag, dust);
b) “secondary combustion chamber” means a space
where non-combusted gases leaving the primary combustion chamber are combusted by
high temperature.
1.3.4. “retention time” means the length of time
that the flue gas moves from the entry point to the exit point of the secondary
combustion chamber at the temperature prescribed in the Table 1 of this
document.
1.3.5. “flue gas” means the mixture of material
matters emitted into the air environment from the IW incinerator stack.
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1.3.7. “dust” is a common name for dust and fly ash
that are generated during waste incineration and retained during the flue gas
treatment.
1.3.8. “capacity” means the handling ability of an
IW incinerator and is calculated by the maximum quantity of waste that is
completely combusted by the IW incinerator per hour (kg/h).
1.3.9. “licensing authority” means an authority that
issues the license for hazardous waste management or an authority that confirms
the construction of works and implementation of environmental protection
measures before putting an IW incinerator into operation in case the license
for hazardous waste management is not required (the non-hazardous waste
incinerator or incinerator only serves the purpose of treating hazardous waste
internally generated within an industrial facility)
2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Basic technical requirements for IW incinerators
2.1.1. IW incinerator must operate in the principle of
multiple-level combustion and be comprised of at least two combustion chambers
(primary and secondary combustion chambers). Combustion chamber volume is
calculated according to the capacity and retention time of IW incinerator
according to the Appendix I hereof.
2.1.2. Pressure in the IW incinerator must be lower than external
pressure (also known as negative pressure) to restrict the amount of smoke
emitted into the air from the waste intake gate.
2.1.3. Stack of an IW incinerator must satisfy the following
requirements:
a) Stack height must be logically designed so as to satisfy all
requirements on ambient air quality when flue gas is released into the air
environment provided that it is not less than 20m above the ground level. Within
40m measured from the base of the stack, if there is a fixed obstacle (such as
a building, row of trees or hill), the height of the stack must be at least 03m
higher than the top of that obstacle;
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- Lower bound: At a distance of at least 07 times the inner
diameter of the stack above the highest point of the joint between the stack
and the pipe of the flue gas treatment system;
- Upper bound: At a distance of 03m below the stack flue.
2.1.4. During its normal operation, an IW incinerator must meet
basic specifications provided in Table 1 below:
Table 1. Basic specifications for an IW
incinerator
No.
Specifications
Measurement unit
Required value
1
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kg/h
³ 100
2
Primary combustion chamber temperature(2)
°C
³ 650
3
°C
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³ 1.000
In case of combustion of hazardous waste that does not contain
organic halogens in excess of hazardous waste thresholds(3)
³ 1.050
In case of combustion of hazardous waste that contains organic
halogens in excess of hazardous waste thresholds(3)
³ 1.200
4
Retention time of the secondary combustion chamber
s
³ 2
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Residual oxygen (measured at the sampling porthole)
%
6 - 15
6
Temperature on the outside of the IW incinerator (or the thermal
barrier coating)
°C
£ 60
7
Temperature of flue gas released into the air (measured at the
sampling porthole)
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£ 180
8
Average heating value used to combust 01 (one) kg of waste(4)(5)
Kcal
£ 1.000
9
Uninterrupted operation ability (while mechanical stability and
technical parameters are ensured)(5)
h
³ 72
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(1) Capacity of 100 kg/h is equivalent to the minimum volume
of the primary combustion chamber, which is 1.4 m3.
(2) In special cases (such as anaerobic thermal combustion
or combustion for recovery of metals with a low boiling point from
waste), the primary combustion chamber may operate at a temperature of below
650oC provided that trial operation meets requirements and such
operating temperature is approved by a licensing authority.
(3) According to QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - National technical
regulation on hazardous waste thresholds (hereinafter referred to as “QCVN
07:2009/BTNMT”).
(4) 1.000 Kcal is equivalent to the heating value obtained after
burning 0,1 kg of diesel.
(5) The
assessment of those specifications is only applied during the inspection and
supervision by a licensing authority.
2.1.5. It is not allowed to use the air outside the incinerator to
dilute the flue gas from the exit point of the secondary combustion chamber to
the point at a distance of 02m above the sampling porthole on the stack.
2.1.6. The IW incinerator must be equipped with a flue gas treatment
system that operates according to the following stages:
a) Cooling (quickly lowering temperature). It is not allowed to
mix the air outside directly into the flue gas flow for cooling purposes;
b) Dust handling (dry or wet);
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Some of the treatment stages may be completed within one device,
or one stage may be completed by more than one device in a flue gas treatment
system.
2.2. Maximum allowable values of parameters of pollutants in flue
gas of IW incinerator
During its normal operation, values of parameters of pollutants in
flue gas of IW incinerator must not exceed those provided in Table 2 below when
they are released into the air:
Table 2. Maximum allowable values of
parameters of pollutants in flue gas
No.
Parameters of pollutants
Measurement unit
Maximum allowable value
A
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1
Total particulate matter
mg/Nm3
150
100
2
Hydrochloric acid, HCI
mg/Nm3
50
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3
Carbon monoxide, CO
mg/Nm3
300
250
4
Sulfur dioxide, SO2
mg/Nm3
300
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5
Nitrogen oxide (NOx) (expressed as NO2)
mg/Nm3
500
500
6
Mercury and its compounds (Hg)
mg/Nm3
0,5
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7
Cadmium and its compounds (Cd)
mg/Nm3
0,2
0,16
8
Lead and its compounds (Pb)
mg/Nm3
1,5
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9
Other total heavy metals (As, Sb, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Sn, Mn, TI,
Zn) and respective compounds
mg/Nm3
1,8
1,2
10
Total hydrocarbon (HC)
mg/Nm3
100
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11
Total PCDDs/PCDFs
ngTEQ/Nm3
Incinerator with a capacity of less than 300 kg/h
2,3
1,2
Incinerator with a capacity of at least 300 kg/h
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0,6
Where:
- Column A is applied to all IW incinerators until December 31,
2014;
- Column B is applied to all IW incinerators from January 01,
2015.
3. REGULATIONS ON OPERATION, INCIDENT
RESPONSE AND MONITORING
3.1. Operation of IW incinerators
3.1.1. A safe operating procedure for IW incinerator must be
established and applied, and consisted of the following contents:
a) Except IW incinerators that adopt a special operating procedure
prescribed by manufacturers and seriously considered by licensing authorities, an
IW incinerator must be started according to the following steps:
- Step 1: Start the flue gas treatment system;
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- Step 3: Feed waste into the IW incinerator. Only feed
non-hazardous waste with low heating value and hazardous waste if combustion
chamber temperature reaches the value provided in Table 1 of this document.
b) Operation of an IW incinerator must end according to the
following steps:
- Step 1: Stop feeding waste into the IW incinerator. Keep mixing
remaining waste in the primary combustion chamber and supplying fuel (if
necessary) until waste is completely combusted;
- Step 2: Stop supplying fuel to the primary combustion chamber
after waste has been completely combusted (no sign of combustion);
- Step 3: Stop supplying fuel to the secondary combustion chamber when
there is no smoke in the primary combustion chamber and there is no flue gas
emitted through the stack;
- Step 4: Stop the flue gas treatment system and end the operation
of the combustion chamber when temperature of the primary combustion chamber
falls below 300oC.
3.1.2. Waste must be controlled before being fed into the IW
incinerator so as not to influence the normal operation of the IW incinerator. Waste
that fails to be treated by the incinerator should not be fed. Every run of the
IW incinerator must continuously last for at least 24 hours. Some requirements
for waste before being fed into the incinerator are provided in the Appendix 2
hereof.
3.1.3. It is not allowed to combust radioactive waste, waste
posing risk of explosion, corrosive waste or waste containing mercury, lead and
cadmium in excess of hazardous waste thresholds prescribed in QCVN
07:2009/BTNMT. It is only allowed to combust waste containing organic halogens
in excess of hazardous waste thresholds prescribed in QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT in the
IW incinerator issued with the license for hazardous waste management by the
Vietnam Environment Administration - the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment.
3.1.4. If the volume of the primary combustion is greater than 20
m3 or the distance between the waste intake gate and the farthest
point of the primary combustion chamber is higher than 02m, mechanical
equipment must be assembled to feed waste into combustion chambers and mix
waste in the primary combustion chamber (except special technologies).
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3.1.6. A log of operation of IW incineration should be kept and
include information about the quantity and types of combusted waste, up-time
and operator’s name.
3.2. Management of waste generated from IW incinerators
3.2.1. Wastewater generated from the process of operating flue gas
treatment system (if any) is only released into the environment after it is
treated according to QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National technical regulation on
industrial wastewater.
3.2.2. Slag, ash, dust, waste sludge and other solid waste
generated from the process of operating the IW incinerator shall be distinguished
and sorted according to QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT.
3.3. Incident prevention and response
3.3.1. A fire prevention and response plan should be formulated in
accordance with regulations on fire prevention and fighting under the guidance
of the fire authority.
3.3.2. Plans for prevention of and response to other incidents
should be formulated and implemented in accordance with regulations (such as
regulations on hazardous waste management in case of combustion of hazardous
waste).
3.3.3. In addition to manual shutdown mechanism, combustion
chambers must provide an automatic shutdown mechanism in case of incident.
3.3.4. Technical measures should be available to reduce
temperature of combustion chambers when temperature suddenly rises or any
incident occurs.
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3.4. Monitoring of IW incinerators
3.4.1. IW incinerators must install automatic and continuous
monitoring equipment to measure and record combustion chamber temperature and
post-treatment temperature of flue gas.
3.4.2. Cameras or monitoring doors must be installed to monitor
the process of combusting waste in the primary combustion chamber with at least
05cm in diameter or width of each dimension.
3.4.3. Periodic environmental monitoring of the IW incinerator
shall be carried out in accordance with applicable regulations and at the
request of the licensing authority at least every 03 months.
3.4.4. The automatic and continuous monitoring of certain
parameters in flue gas and sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs shall be only carried out in
case of combustion of waste containing organic halogens in excess of hazardous
waste thresholds prescribed in QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT or in other special cases at
the request of the licensing authority.
4. DETERMINATION METHODS
4.1. Methods
for determination of parameters of pollutants in the IW incinerator are
provided in the following national standards:
- TCVN 5977:2009 - Stationary source emissions – Manual
determination of mass concentration of particulate matter;
- TCVN 6750:2000 - Stationary source emissions –
Determination of mass concentration of sulfur
dioxide - Ion chromatography method;
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- TCVN 7242:2003 - Health care solid waste incinerators -
Determination method of carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in flue gas;
- TCVN 7244:2003 - Health care solid waste incinerators -
Determination method of hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration in flue gas;
- TCVN 7557-1:2005 - Health care solid waste incinerators -
Determination of heavy metals in flue gas – Part 1: General requirements;
- TCVN 7557-2:2005 - Health care solid waste incinerators -
Determination of heavy metals in flue gas – Part 2: Determination of
mercury concentrations by cold vapour atomic absorption method;
- TCVN 7557-1:2005 - Health care solid waste incinerators -
Determination of heavy metals in flue gas – Part 3: Determination of cadmium
and lead concentrations by flame and electrothermal atomic absorption
spectrometric method.
- TCVN 7556-3:2005 - Health care solid waste incinerator - Determination
of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs - Part 3: Identification and
quantification.
4.2. International
standards that have their accuracy proved equal to or higher are accepted to
determine concentration of parameters of pollutants in flue gas in IW
incinerators or when national standards are not available.
5. IMPLEMENTATION
5.1. This
document comes into force from March 01, 2013 and replaces QCVN 30:2010/BTNMT -
National technical regulation on industrial waste incinerator.
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5.2.1. Any IW incinerator operating before March 01, 2013 shall be
temporarily exempt from compliance with certain regulations (except those
specified in Section 2.2) of this document until December 31, 2014 if such
regulations require upgrade, improvement, adjustment or addition of its current
design, structure, equipment and materials.
5.2.2. During the period when particular technical regulations on
new incinerators applying technological advances such as plasma incinerators
are not available, these incinerators shall be exempt from compliance with
certain regulations (except those specified in Section 2.2) of this document if
such exemption is certified in the report on technology assessment or the
written approval for the environmental impact assessment report and the license
for hazardous waste management is granted.
5.2.3. Where necessary, the licensing authority shall make a final
decision on whether permission for exemption from some regulations (except
those specified in Section 2.2) of this document is granted.
5.3. IW
incinerators that comply with regulations of this document are used to combust
waste other than IW waste such as health care waste without complying with
regulations on incinerators that combust waste other than IW waste (if any)
such as QCVN 02:2012/BTNMT - National technical regulation on solid health care
waste incinerator.
5.4. In the
cases where any of the national technical regulations and national standards
referred to in this document is amended or replaced, the newest one shall
apply.
5.5. Environment
authorities shall provide guidelines, inspect and supervise the implementation
of this document./.
APPENDIX 1
GUIDANCE ON DETERMINATION OF VALUES OF
CERTAIN SPECIFICATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE INCINERATORS
(Enclosed with QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT – National technical regulation on
industrial waste incinerators)
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Volume of the primary combustion chamber is calculated according
to the following formula:
0,04 . Ctk ³ Vsc ³ 0,014 . Ctk
Where:
- Vsc: Volume of the primary combustion chamber
(m3);
- Ctk: Design capacity of the incinerator (kg/h);
- Q: Low heating value of waste (2.800 - 4.000 kcal/kg);
- q: Volumetric heat release rate of the combustion chamber
(100.000 - 200.000 kcal/m3h).
For example: In case the incinerator has a design capacity of 100 kg/h, the
corresponding volume of the selected primary combustion chamber is 1,4 - 4 m3
depending on the manufacturer.
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Volume of the secondary combustion chamber is calculated according
to the following formula:
Vtc = ttk . L
Where:
- Vtc: Volume of the secondary combustion
chamber (m3);
- ttk: Design retention time (≥ 2s);
- L: The volumetric air flow in the secondary combustion
chamber (m3/s).
3. Determination of actual capacity of the incinerator
Actual capacity of an IW incinerator may vary with its design
capacity and change depending on characteristics of each type of waste fed into
the incinerator. Actual design is calculated according to the following
formula:
3.1. In
case of availability of heating value of waste
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Where:
- C: Actual capacity of the incinerator (kg/h);
- Vsc: Volume of the primary combustion chamber
(m3);
- q: Volumetric heat release rate of the combustion chamber
(kcal/m3h);
- Q: Low heating value of DSW (kcal/kg).
3.2. Calculation of actual capacity based on operating status of
the incinerator
Amount of waste fed into the incinerator shall be supervised and
adjusted until the incinerator operates stably according to the specifications
provided in Table 1 and Table 2 of this document and waste is completely
combusted in the incinerator over a specific length of time (e.g. 24 hours) so
as to obtain a reliable result.
4. Determination of actual retention time
In case of unavailability of measurement method with high accuracy
such as measurement of moving time of materials (particulate matters) indicated
in the secondary combustion chamber, actual retention time of the incinerator
shall be calculated according to the following formula:
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Where:
- t: Actual retention time (s).
- Vtc: Actual volume of the secondary combustion
chamber (m3).
- L: The volumetric air flow in the secondary combustion
chamber (m3/s). Q may be extrapolated according to the flow of flue
gas measured at the sampling porthole on the stack or the flow of exhaust fan
behind the secondary combustion chamber.
APPENDIX 2
REQUIREMENTS FOR WASTE BEFORE BEING FED
INTO INCINERATORS
(Enclosed with QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT – National technical regulation on
industrial waste incinerators)
In special cases, waste must be prepared or preliminarily treated
before being fed into an incinerator. To be specific:
1. Solid waste must be of appropriate size to be quickly combusted
and have a thickness not exceeding 10 cm in any side.
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3. Waste that is sticky, has low porosity or is hard to ignite
must be mixed with waste or appropriate additives (such as sawdust, rice husk,
etc.) to reduce stickiness, increase porosity and ignitability.
4. Waste with high humidity such as waste sludge must have its
humidity reduced or be mixed with dry waste or additives.
5. Liquid waste must be sprayed directly into combustion chambers
using a separate nozzle or mixed with solid waste or additive to be fed into
the primary combustion chamber.
6. Waste with low heating value must be mixed or combusted
together with waste or additive with high low heating value to maintain a low
heating value of 2.800 - 4.000 kcal/kg to save fuel and ensure normal operation
and capacity of the IW incinerator.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION
QCVN 02:2012/BTNMT
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON SOLID
HEALTH CARE WASTE INCINERATOR
Foreword
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NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON SOLID
HEALTH CARE WASTE INCINERATOR
1. GENERAL
1.1. Scope
This document provides for technical and environmental
requirements for solid healthcare waste incinerators.
1.2. Regulated entities
This document applies to producers, importers, traders
(distributors) and users of solid health care waste incinerators within the
territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; environment authorities; sample
collectors and analyzers and relevant organizations and individuals.
1.3. Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms below shall be
construed as follows:
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1.3.2. “solid health care waste incinerator” means a
system which is used for treatment of SHCW by burning and equipped with flue
gas treatment system.
1.3.3. “combustion chamber” means a space where SHCW
is incinerated by high temperature. It consists of:
a) “primary combustion chamber” means a space where
waste is combusted and reduced into gaseous and solid products (slag, dust);
b) “secondary combustion chamber” means a space
where non-combusted gases leaving the primary combustion chamber are combusted
by high temperature.
1.3.4. “retention time” means the length of time
that the flue gas moves from the entry point to the exit point of the secondary
combustion chamber at the temperature prescribed in the Table 1 of this
document.
1.3.5. “flue gas” means the mixture of material
matters emitted into the air environment from the SHCW incinerator stack.
1.3.6. “slag” means residual solid materials from
combustion processes in the SHCW incinerator.
1.3.7. “dust” is a common name for dust and fly ash
that are generated during waste incineration and retained during the flue gas
treatment.
1.3.8. “capacity” means the handling ability of a
SHCW incinerator and is calculated by the maximum quantity of waste that is
completely combusted by the SHCW incinerator per hour (kg/h).
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2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Basic technical requirements for SHCW incinerators
2.1.1. SHCW incinerator must operate in the principle of
multiple-level combustion and be comprised of at least two combustion chambers
(primary and secondary combustion chambers). Combustion chamber volume is
calculated according to the capacity and retention time of IW incinerator
according to the Appendix I enclosed with QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT - National
technical regulation on industrial waste incinerator.
2.1.2. Pressure in the SHCW incinerator must be lower than
external pressure (also known as negative pressure) to restrict the amount of
smoke emitted into the air from the waste intake gate.
2.1.3. Stack of a SHCW incinerator must satisfy the following
requirements:
a) Stack height must be logically designed so as to satisfy all requirements
on ambient air quality when flue gas is released into the air environment
provided that it is not less than 20m above the ground level. Within 40m
measured from the base of the stack, if there is a fixed obstacle (such as a
building, row of trees or hill), the height of the stack must be at least 03m
higher than the top of that obstacle;
b) The flue gas sampling porthole on the stack must be at least
10cm in diameter or width of each dimension, covered by a cap for adjusting the
opening level; working platform must be safe and convenient for access and
sampling. Sampling porthole must be located between the two following
locations:
- Lower bound: At a distance of at least 07 times the inner
diameter of the stack above the highest point of the joint between the stack
and the pipe of the flue gas treatment system;
- Upper bound: At a distance of 03m below the stack flue.
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Table 1. Basic specifications for a SHCW
incinerator
No.
Specifications
Measurement unit
Required value
1
Primary combustion chamber temperature
°C
³ 650
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Secondary combustion chamber temperature
°C
³ 1.050
3
Retention time of the secondary combustion chamber
s
³ 2
4
Residual oxygen (measured at the sampling porthole)
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6 - 15
5
Temperature on the outside of the IW incinerator (or the thermal
barrier coating)
°C
£ 60
6
Temperature of flue gas released into the air (measured at the
sampling porthole)
°C
£ 180
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2.1.6. The SHCW incinerator must be equipped with a flue gas treatment
system that operates according to the following stages:
a) Cooling (quickly lowering temperature). It is not allowed to
mix the air outside directly into the flue gas flow for cooling purposes;
b) Dust handling (dry or wet);
c) Handling of hazardous components in flue gas (such as
absorption).
Some of the treatment stages may be completed within one device,
or one stage may be completed by more than one device in a flue gas treatment
system.
2.2. Maximum allowable values of parameters of pollutants in flue
gas of SHCW incinerator
During its normal operation, values of parameters of pollutants in
flue gas of SHCW incinerator must not exceed those provided in Table 2 below
when they are released into the air:
Table 2: Maximum allowable values of
parameters of pollutants in flue gas
No.
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Measurement unit
Maximum allowable value
A
B
1
Total particulate matter
mg/Nm3
150
115
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Hydrochloric acid, HCl
mg/Nm3
50
50
3
Carbon monoxide, CO
tng/Nm3
350
200
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Sulfur dioxide, SO2
mg/Nm3
300
300
5
Nitrogen oxide (NOx) (expressed as NO2)
mg/Nm3
500
300
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Mercury and its compounds (Hg)
mg/Nm3
0,5
0,5
7
Cadmium and its compounds (Cd)
mg/Nm3
0,2
0,16
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Lead and its compounds (Pb)
mg/Nm3
1,5
1,2
10
Total PCDDs/PCDFs
ngTEQ/Nm3
2,3
2,3
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- Column A is applied to SHCW incinerators at centralized SHCW
treatment facilities specified in planning (not located within health
facilities);
- Column B is applied to SHCW incinerators located within health
facilities.
3. REGULATIONS ON OPERATION, INCIDENT
RESPONSE AND MONITORING
3.1. Operation of SHCW incinerators
3.1.1. A safe operating procedure for SHCW incinerator must be
established and applied, and consisted of the following contents:
a) Except SHCW incinerators that adopt a special operating
procedure prescribed by manufacturers and seriously considered by licensing
authorities, a SHCW incinerator must be started according to the following
steps:
- Step 1: Start the flue gas treatment system;
- Step 2: Start and heat all combustion chambers. Only feed some
types of non-hazardous waste with high heating value (like biomass waste) to
replace or add traditional fuel after traditional fuel is used to heat the
primary combustion chamber and secondary combustion chamber up to 300°C and
800°C respectively. Specify non-hazardous waste used in this process in the
procedure;
- Step 3: Feed waste into the SHCW incinerator. Only feed
hazardous SHCW if combustion chamber temperature reaches the value provided in
Table 1 of this document.
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- Step 1: Stop feeding waste into the IW incinerator. Keep mixing
remaining waste in the primary combustion chamber and supplying fuel (if
necessary) until waste is completely combusted;
- Step 2: Stop supplying fuel to the primary combustion chamber
after waste has been completely combusted (no sign of combustion);
- Step 3: Stop supplying fuel to the secondary combustion chamber
when there is no smoke in the primary combustion chamber and there is no flue
gas emitted through the stack;
- Step 4: Stop the flue gas treatment system and end the operation
of the combustion chamber when temperature of the primary combustion chamber
falls below 300°C.
3.1.2. Waste must be controlled before being fed into the SHCW
incinerator so as not to influence the normal operation of the incinerator. Waste
that fails to be treated by the incinerator should not be fed.
3.1.3. It is not allowed to combust radioactive waste, waste
posing risk of explosion, waste containing PVC, corrosive waste or waste
containing mercury, lead, cadmium and organic halogens in excess of hazardous
waste thresholds prescribed in QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - National technical
regulation on hazardous waste thresholds.
3.1.4. A log of operation of SHCW incineration should be kept and
include information about the quantity of combusted waste, up-time and
operator’s name.
3.2. Management of waste generated from SHCW incinerators
3.2.1. Wastewater generated from the process of operating flue gas
treatment system (if any) is only released into the environment after it is
treated according to QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National technical regulation on
industrial wastewater.
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3.3. Incident prevention and response
3.3.1. A fire prevention and response plan should be formulated in
accordance with regulations on fire prevention and fighting under the guidance
of the fire authority.
3.3.2. Plans for prevention of and response to other incidents
should be formulated and implemented in accordance with regulations on
management of hazardous waste and health care waste and relevant regulations.
3.3.3. In addition to manual shutdown mechanism, combustion
chambers must provide an automatic shutdown mechanism in case of incident.
3.3.4. The SHCW incinerator must be equipped with by-pass valve so
as to release flue gas directly through the stack in case the flue gas treatment
system fails. The bypass valve may be operated by a manual or automatic control
switch which is designed at a height suitable for the operator and convenient
for control of the bypass valve in case of upset. The introduction of waste
into the incinerator must be stopped immediately when operating the bypass
valve. The incinerator is only allowed to operate after the failure is handled.
The bypass valve must bear the seal of the licensing authority and a
notification must be sent to the licensing authority within 48 hours after the
seal is broken.
3.4. Monitoring of SHCW incinerators
3.4.1. SHCW incinerators must install automatic and continuous
monitoring equipment to measure and record combustion chamber temperature and post-treatment
temperature of flue gas.
3.4.2. Cameras or monitoring doors must be installed to monitor
the process of combusting waste in the primary combustion chamber with at least
05cm in diameter or width of each dimension.
3.4.3. Periodic environmental monitoring of the SHCW incinerator
shall be carried out in accordance with applicable regulations and at the
request of the licensing authority at least every 03 months.
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4. DETERMINATION METHODS
4.1. Methods
for determination of parameters of pollutants in the SHCW incinerator are
provided in the following national standards:
- TCVN 5977:2009 - Stationary source emissions – Manual
determination of mass concentration of particulate matter;
- TCVN 6750:2000 - Stationary source emissions –
Determination of mass concentration of sulfur
dioxide - Ion chromatography method;
- TCVN 7172:2002 - Stationary source emissions – Determination of
the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides - Naphthylethylenediamine
photometric method;
- TCVN 7242:2003 - Health care solid waste incinerators -
Determination method of carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in flue gas;
- TCVN 7244:2003 - Health care solid waste incinerators -
Determination method of hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration in flue gas;
- TCVN 7557-1:2005 - Health care solid waste incinerators -
Determination of heavy metals in flue gas – Part 1: General requirements;
- TCVN 7557-2:2005 - Health care solid waste incinerators -
Determination of heavy metals in flue gas – Part 2: Determination of
mercury concentrations by cold vapour atomic absorption method;
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- TCVN 7556-3:2005 - Health care solid waste incinerator -
Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs - Part 3: Identification
and quantification.
4.2. International
standards that have their accuracy proved equal to or higher are accepted to
determine concentration of parameters of pollutants in flue gas in SHCW
incinerators or when national standards are not available.
5. IMPLEMENTATION
5.1. This
document comes into force from March 01, 2013 and replaces QCVN 30:2010/BTNMT -
National technical regulation on solid health care waste incinerator.
5.2.1. Every
organization and individual that use SHCW incinerators within the territory of
the Socialist Republic of Vietnam shall comply with regulations of this
document, except in the cases where SHCW incinerators that operated before
March 01, 2018 shall be temporarily exempt from some regulations (except those
specified in Section 2.2) of this document until June 30, 2016 if such
regulations require upgrade, improvement, adjustment or addition of their
current design, structure, equipment and materials.
5.3. During
the period when a particular technical regulation is not available, flue gas of
incinerators shall comply with Column A Table 2 Section 2.2 and shall not apply
TCVN 6560:1999 (6560:2005) - Air quality - Emission Standards for health care
solid waste incinerators - Permissible limits under the guidance provided in
Section 2 Part X of the Circular No. 02/2009/TT-BYT dated May 26, 2009 of the
Ministry of Health.
5.4. In the
cases where any of the national technical regulations and national standards
referred to in this document is amended or replaced, the newest one shall
apply.
5.5. Environment
authorities shall provide guidelines, inspect and supervise the implementation
of this document./.