THE
MINISTRY OF FINANCE
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|
THE
SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No.
79/2016/TT-BTC
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Hanoi,
June 6, 2016
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CIRCULAR
GUIDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCIAL AUDITS OF PROGRAMS OR
PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE GOVERNMENT’S ON-LENDING OF FOREIGN BORROWED FUNDS
Pursuant to the Law on
Public Debt Management No. 29/2009/QH12 dated 17/6/2009;
Pursuant to the Law on
Public Sector Investment No. 49/2014/QH13 dated 18/6/2014;
Pursuant to the Government’s
Decree No. 78/2010/ND-CP dated 14/7/2010 on on-lending of the Government's
foreign loans;
Pursuant to the Government’s
Decree No. 79/2010/ND-CP dated 14/7/2010 on public debt management operations;
Pursuant to the Government’s
Decree No. 16/2016/ND-CP dated 16/3/2016 on management and utilization of ODA
capital and concessional loans granted by foreign sponsors;
Pursuant to the Government's
Decree No. 215/2013/ND-CP dated December 23, 2013 defining the functions,
tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Finance;
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The Minister of Finance
hereby introduces the Circular guiding the implementation of financial audits
of programs or projects financed by the Government’s on-lending of foreign
borrowed funds.
Chapter
I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article
1. Scope of application
1. This Circular shall set
out regulations on financial audits that may be applicable to the following
situations:
a) Making decisions on
investment in programs or projects financed in whole or in part by the
Government's foreign borrowed funds;
b) On-lending the
Government’s overseas borrowed funds to enterprises.
2. Programs or projects are
financed by on-lent funds invested in the form whereby on-lending bodies which assume
the whole credit risk shall conduct auditing and lending operations under finance
and credit institutions' regulations, comply with laws and regulations, and are
not governed by this Circular.
3. Audits that serve the
purpose of on-lending of the Government’s foreign borrowed funds to the
provincial People’s Committees shall adhere to laws on capital on-lending to
local governments.
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Investment decision-making
bodies, Ministry of Finance, on-lending bodies, subborrowers, institutional or
individual entities related to financial audits of programs or projects
financed by overseas borrowed funds on-lent by the Government that fall within
the scope and coverage of this Circular.
Article
3. Definition
Terms used herein shall be
subject to the interpretation which is the same as that provided in the Law on
Public Debt Management No. 29/2009/QH12 dated 17/6/2009, the Government’s
Decree No. 78/2010/ND-CP dated 14/7/2010 on on-lending of the Government’s foreign
borrowed funds (hereinafter referred to as the Decree No. 78/2010/ND-CP) and
the Government’s Decree No. 16/2016/ND-CP dated 16/3/2016 on management and
utilization of ODA capital and concessional loans received from foreign
sponsors (hereinafter referred to as the Decree No. 16/2016/ND-CP). Other
terms shall be construed as follows:
1. Benefit – Cost ratio (B/C)
refers to the ratio of present value of benefit flow and that of cost flow
which is determined within a life cycle of a project.
2. Net Present Value (NPV)
refers to net value of all future cash flows of a project discounted to their
present value.
3. Internal rate of return
(IRR) refers to the discount rate at which the NPV of a project equals 0
(zero).
4. Formulas for calculation
of financial indicators referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article
shall be specified in Appendix 1 and 2 to this Circular.
Article
4. Auditing principles
1. Ensure objectivity,
transparency and due care.
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3. Subborrowers shall take
legal responsibility for accuracy, validity, rationality and legality of
figures, information, parameters and data provided to auditing bodies as inputs
for calculating project financial plans or debt repayment schedules and
financial competence of subborrowers.
4. With regard to investment
programs or projects financed by taking the form in which on-lending bodies
partially assume risks, financial audits must conform to regulations laid down
herein and on-lending bodies' regulations.
5. Financial audits that
serve the purpose of making investment decisions must observe regulations set
forth in the Decree No. 16/2016/ND-CP, this Circular and relevant legislation.
6. Financial audits for the
purpose of on-lending the Government’s foreign borrowed funds must conform to
regulations set out in Article 19 of the Decree No.78/2010/ND-CP, this Circular
and relevant legislation.
Article
5. Auditing methods
1. In the process of auditing
financial plans of projects financed by on-lent capital, determination of the
discount rate (r), B/C, NPV and IRR shall be carried out under the instructions
set out in Appendix 1 hereto.
2. In the process of auditing
financial competence of subborrowers, determination of financial indicators
shall be carried out under the instructions set out in Appendix 2 hereto.
Chapter
II
AUDITTING CONTENTS
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1. Auditing of conformity
with regulations and requirements for eligibility to receive on-lent funds
shall take into consideration financial conditions and fulfillment of
requirements in relation to investment procedures as stated by laws.
Subborrowers must demonstrate their financial competence, ensure that the shareholder's
equity adheres to statutory ratios, set up effective business plans in which
their ability to repay debts is shown, and implement regulations on loan
guarantees.
2. Requirements for
eligibility to apply for on-lent funds by subborrowers shall be applied as
referred to in the Law on Public Debt Management.
Article
7. Auditing of subborrowers’ financial competence
1. Auditing financial
competence of subborrowers shall be conducted by means of assessing audited
financial statements of 03 most recent consecutive years preceding the year
when auditing of financial competence of subborrowers takes place.
2. Where subborrowers have
not completed full 3 years of operation, a written guarantee of the owner’s
representative, owner or parent company for repayment of debts on behalf of
borrowers who are faced with difficulty in doing so must be submitted. In the
absence of the said guarantee, subborrowers must seek guarantee for discharge
of debt obligations from another commercial bank or other security as
appropriate verified by the on-lending body with respect to its feasibility and
compliance with laws.
Article
8. Auditing of loan application schemes and debt repayment capability of
subborrowers
1. Audit loan utilization
plans, including investment capital disbursement and recovery of a project,
which specifies the followings:
a) Investment funding source
(including equity capital, capital derived from associates or joint ventures
used for project execution, capital derived from the state budget, borrowed
capital and others stipulated by laws);
b) Project costs;
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2. Audit financial plan
assessment indicators by employing the auditing method referred to in Article 5
hereof.
3. Determine debt repayment
capability based on on-lent loan debt repayment schedule, cash flow deficiency
for debt repayment (if any), and suggest possible solutions to making up for
such deficiency.
Article
9. Auditing of assets pledged as collateral for on-lent loans by subborrowers
Auditing of assets put up as
security for on-lent loans shall meet the objectives of assessing compliance
with regulations on assets pledged as collateral for on-lent loans in the
Decree No. 78/2010/ND-CP and the Circular No. 139/2015/TT-BTC dated 3/9/2015 of
the Ministry of Finance on providing guidance on guarantee for loans received
from the Government’s on-lending of its foreign borrowed funds.
Article
10. Assessment and remarks on non-financial elements
Non-financial elements
subject to assessment and remarks include:
1. Business sector;
qualification, competence and experience of management board; administration
model of subborrowers.
2. Relationship in economic,
financial, lending and debt repayment aspects between subborrowers and their
fellows, customers and lending organizations.
Article
11. Risk assessment and risk minimization measures
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Chapter
III
AUDITING PROCEDURES AND DOCUMENTATION
Article
12. Audits occurring at investment decision-making authorities
1. When formulating the
Statement on investment policy statement or pre-feasibility study report of
programs or projects using the Government's foreign borrowed funds to which
on-lending mechanisms are applied, investment decision-making authorities shall
make recommendations on subborrowers and on-lending forms, including one of the
followings:
a) the on-lending form
whereby on-lending bodies shall not assume any credit risk.
b) the on-lending form
whereby on-lending bodies shall totally or partially assume credit risks.
c) the on-lending form
whereby finance and credit institutions apply for loans on-lent under credit
programs or facilities.
2. When auditing instruments
relating to programs or projects using the Government's foreign borrowed funds,
investment decision-making authorities shall undertake auditing of financial
plans of projects financed by on-lent loans, conformity with requirements for
receipt of on-lent loans in accordance with existing regulations and provisions
laid down herein.
a) Financial auditing
contents must adhere to regulations set out in Chapter II hereof.
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c) Auditing schedule must
conform to regulations laid down in Article 30 of the Decree No. 16/2016/ND-CP.
3. Funding for auditing
activities
a) Funding for audits
occurring at investment decision-making authorities is provided by their
budget.
b) Contents and level of
spending for auditing activities must conform to applicable regulations.
c) Establishment of,
compliance with the budget plan and final statement of eligible costs for
auditing work must conform to the Law on the State Budget.
Article
13. Audits occurring at on-lending bodies
1. List of auditing
documents:
Subborrowers shall submit a
written request to on-lending bodies authorized by the Ministry of Finance as
provided by Clause 1 Article 16 for an on-lending audit with attached necessary
documentation that requires verification, and also forward it to the Ministry
of Finance. Subborrowers shall undertake to take responsibility for accuracy,
rationality, validity and legality of submitted documentation used in
on-lending audits; for parameters, figures, economic and technical norms,
quotes, forecasts for revenue, outputs as well as other data presented in
project-related instruments.
Submitted documentation
required for audits includes:
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b) Program or project
instruments.
c) Investment approval
decisions issued by competent authorities.
d) Audited financial
statements of 3 most recent consecutive years preceding the year when financial
competence of subborrowers is audited (applicable to active
enterprises/economic organizations); Where subborrowers have not completed full
3 years of operation, a written guarantee of the owner’s representative, owner
or parent company for repayment of debts on behalf of borrowers who are faced
with difficulty in doing so must be submitted. In the absence of the said
guarantee, subborrowers must seek guarantee for discharge of debt obligations
from another commercial bank or document proving other security as appropriate
verified by an on-lending body with respect to its feasibility and compliance
with prevailing laws.
Where subborrowers are
parent companies, financial statements to be submitted must comprise those of
parent companies and consolidated ones of a group of companies. Where
subsidiary companies which maintain independent accounting reports apply for
on-lent loans from which debt obligations incurred are secured by parent
companies, financial statements to be submitted must comprise those of
subsidiary companies, parent companies and a group of companies.
dd) Report on credit
relationship between subborrowers and lending organizations prepared at the
most recent date preceding the date when a financial audit takes place; table
of credit facility agreements signed by subborrowers, and status of loan
disbursement, debt repayment under terms and conditions of credit facility
agreements; the third party’s guarantee or security.
e) Documentation regarding loan
security plans as referred to in the Government’s Decree No. 163/2006/ND-CP
dated 29/12/2006 on secured transactions and the Decree No. 11/2012/ND-CP dated
22/02/2012 on amendments to several articles of the Decree No. 163/2006/ND-CP.
g) Financial plans which refer
to on-lending conditions under the provisions of the Decree No. 78/2010/ND-CP and
documents providing guidance on on-lending practices under the Law on Public
Debt Management.
2. Time limits and contents
of audits occurring at on-lending bodies
a) Time limits for audits
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- Where appropriate, in
order to check certainty, feasibility of assumptions used for calculation of
financial efficiency of projects, on-lending bodies may request more documents
to be submitted to identify the basis for making such assumptions, or to
consult with relevant regulatory bodies.
- Within a maximum of 30
working days of receipt of all valid documents submitted by subborrowers,
on-lending bodies shall conduct audits and submit the report on auditing
results to the Ministry of Finance.
b) Auditing contents
The report on results of
audits must clearly state the following contents:
- Evaluate level of
satisfaction of requirements for utilization of the Government’s foreign
borrowed funds under on-lending policies referred to in laws.
- Evaluate subborrower’s
financial competence.
- Evaluate financial plans
of projects financed by on-lent capital prepared by subborrowers, bases for
making assumptions about revenue, expenses or on-lending conditions of
projects.
- Evaluate plans to use
assets put up as collateral proposed by subborrowers.
- Evaluate levels of risks
arising from loan utilization plans, debt repayment capability of subborrowers
after anticipating potential risks; make recommendations on risk prevention
measures.
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Article
14. Audits occurring at the Ministry of Finance
1. Upon receipt of the
report on results of audits submitted by on-lending bodies, the Ministry of
Finance shall consider the following contents:
a) Conformity of auditing
documentation, procedures and methods which are applied by on-lending bodies.
b) Approaches to dealing
with differences in standpoints, and evaluate capability of the subborrower's
repaying loan debts to on-lending bodies.
c) Evaluation of results of
audits conducted by on-lending bodies, including:
- Evaluating results of
audits conducted by on-lending bodies; where results of audits announced by
on-lending bodies with respect to financial plans of programs or projects, and
with respect to financial competence of project owners are not consistent with
the governing body’s evaluation, the Ministry of Finance shall consult with the
governing body to make any decision within its jurisdiction, or report to the
Prime Minister for consideration and decision.
- Determining whether
on-lending is permitted; on-lending risk control solutions.
d) Recommendations of
subborrowers or on-lending bodies on necessary security or assistance provided
to subborrowers or third parties to the extent that there is a temporary lack
of fund for repayment of debts.
2. Subject to results of
verification of auditing reports produced from on-lending bodies, the Ministry
of Finance shall seek the Prime Minister's approval of or make its intra vires
decision on on-lending of funds to programs or projects, and notify on-lending
bodies and subborrowers of on-lending requirements.
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4. Funding for audit and
inspection activities
a) Administrative expenses
paid to independent organizations or professionals rendering assessment
services taking place at the Ministry of Finance shall be covered by the
regular expenditure scheme of the Ministry of Finance or on-lending fees and a
portion of guarantee fees collected by the Ministry of Finance in accordance
with relevant regulations.
b) On an annual basis,
bodies in charge of on-lending activities shall prepare budget plans for
auditing work as referred to in this Article for submission to the Ministry of
Finance for the purpose of consolidating and approving them as a part of the
regular expenditure scheme of the Ministry of Finance. Establishment of,
compliance with such budget plans and final statements of eligible costs for
auditing work must conform to the Law on the State Budget.
Chapter
IV
RESPONSIBILITIES OF RELEVENT BODIES
Article
15. Responsibilities of investment decision-making authorities
1. Conduct audits, or grant
investment decisions, including auditing of financial plans of projects
financed by on-lent funds, financial competence of subborrowers under the
provisions of the Decree No. 16/2016/ND-CP, existing regulations and those set
forth herein.
2. Bear responsibility for
results of audits or decisions on investment projects and project efficiency,
including financial audits provided for by laws.
Article
16. Responsibilities of the Ministry of Finance
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2. Subject to investment
decisions granted by competent authorities and after considering results of
audits conducted by on-lending bodies, the Ministry of Finance shall seek the
Prime Minister's approval of or make its intra vires decision on on-lending of
funds to programs or projects.
Article
17. Responsibilities of on-lending bodies authorized by the Ministry of Finance
1. Audit financial plans of
projects financed by on-lent funds, financial competence of subborrowers under
the provisions of the Decree No. 78/2010/ND-CP and those set forth herein.
2. Report results of these
audits to the Ministry of Finance.
3. make definite
recommendations on whether on-lending of funds to projects is permitted, and
bear responsibility for results of audits.
Article
18. Responsibilities of subborrowers
Subborrowers shall assume
responsibility for accuracy, validity, rationality and legality of figures,
information, parameters and data provided to investment decision-making authorities,
the Ministry of Finance and on-lending bodies for as inputs for calculation of
financial plans, loan repayment plans of projects and financial competence of
subborrowers.
Chapter
V
IMPLEMENTATION
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1. This Circular shall enter
into force from July 20, 2016.
2. In the process of
implementation, if legislative documents which serve as reference to be applied
in this Circular are amended, supplemented or replaced by new ones, the latter
documents shall prevail.
3. During period of
implementation, if there is any difficulty that may arise, relevant bodies or
entities are advised to send timely feedbacks to the Ministry of Finance for
further study with the aim of seeking possible solutions./.
PP.
THE MINISTER
THE DEPUTY MINISTER
Tran Xuan Ha
APPENDIX 1
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Formulas for calculating financial indicators
On-lending bodies shall
audit financial plans of projects financed by on-lent loans through
determination of the discount rate (r), NPV and IRR.
1. The discount rate (r):
In the event that projects
are financed by different funds, r shall be calculated by using weighted
average function
Where:
- V1, V2,...
Medium or long-term funds
- Vtc: the shareholder’s
equity capital
- r1, r2,..:
loan interest rate
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2. Benefit – Cost ratio
(B/C) refers to the ratio of present value of benefit flow and that
of cost flow which is determined within a life cycle of a project. A project
shows efficiency when the profitability index is greater than (>) 1
Where:
* Bi : Total
benefit of year i
Bi = B0i
+ Tkhi + Vbi
In which
- B0i: Annual
revenue
- Tkhi : Other
earnings of year i
- Vbi : The residual
value which has not been fully discounted, or has not been discounted (when
appropriate), of a fixed asset in the end year of year i (i ranging from 1 to
n)
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Ci = Iti
+ C0ti
In which
- Iti : Total
investment cost (when appropriate) of year i
- C0ti: Annual
operating cost in year i
C0ti = Cti
- (Dti + Lti) + Tni
In which
- Cti : Cost
price in year i
- Dti : Fixed
asset depreciation in year i
- Lti : Fixed
loan interest amount which is included in the cost price of products in year i
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- Vbi : The
residual value which has not been fully discounted, or has not been discounted
(when appropriate), of a fixed asset in the end year of year i (i ranging from
1 to n).
* r: The chosen discount
rate
Interpretation:
B/C ratio shows how much
present value of benefit can be generated from each dong of present value of
cost spent in a project
- If B/C>1, that project
has proved its economic efficiency.
- If B/C<1, that project
has proved its economic inefficiency.
3. Net present value (NPV)
Net present value (NPV)
refers to net value of future income of a project discounted to its present
value.
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• i – cash flow calculation
time
• n – total time length of
project execution
• r – discount rate
• Bi: Total
benefit of year i
• Ci: Total
project cost of year i
Interpretation: The
net present value reflects whether total present value of future revenue flow
may make up for the initial cost.
- If NPV>0, the project
has proved its economic efficiency.
- If NPV<0, that project
has proved its economic inefficiency.
4. Internal rate of return
(IRR)
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Where:
• t – cash flow calculation
time
• n – total time length of
project execution
• IRR - Internal rate of
return (IRR)
• Ct – net cash
flow at time t
• C0 – initial
cost for project execution
Interpretation: IRR
means the growth rate of a project and shows the maximum cost of capital
utilization that may be acceptable to investors.
- If IRR is greater than the
discount rate, the project has proved its economic efficiency. The greater IRR
is in a project, the higher its economic efficiency is.
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When IRR, which is
considered a simple calculation method, applies to long-term projects with
different cash flows and discount rates, or those with unstable cash flows, it
is not a reliable indicator and NPV is used instead for assessment./.
APPENDIX 2
(Issued
as an attachment to the Circular No. 79/2016/TT-BTC of the Ministry of Finance
dated June 6, 2016)
Formulas for calculating financial indicators
In the process of auditing
financial competence of subborrowers, auditing bodies shall comply with
existing laws and identify the following indicators:
1. Taxonomy of capital
structure indicators:
a. DSCR - Debt service
coverage ratio refers to the ratio of cash flow generated from business
operations to annual debt.
Interpretation:
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- If DSCR <1, the cash
flow of a project is negative and the project is faced with difficulty in using
its cash flow to pay its debt obligations.
b. D/E - Debt to Equity
ratio refers to the ratio of total liability to the shareholder’s equity
capital.
Interpretation:
- If D/E <1, an
enterprise’s assets are primarily financed by the shareholder's equity capital.
The less this indicator is, which indicates that liabilities are small in
proportion to total assets or total equity, the less an enterprise has
financial difficulty.
- If D/E >1, an
enterprise’s assets are primarily financed by liabilities. If liabilities are
greater than the shareholder’s equity capital, which indicates that an
enterprise's borrowed funds are greater than its equity capital, this
enterprise may face more risks in its debt repayment.
c. The ratio of the shareholder’s
contributed capital to charter capital. The possible reason for which charter
capital greater than the shareholder’s equity is either insufficient capital
contribution or reduction in the shareholder's equity resulting from losses
incurred from an enterprise's business operations.
2. Taxonomy of operating
indicators:
a. ROE - Return on equity:
ROE
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Shareholder’s
equity capital
Where:
- Net income indicates the
net income available for common stockholders (after dividends paid to preferred
stockholders).
- Equity capital refers to
the shareholder’s equity.
Interpretation:
This indicator is the most
accurate measurement to calculate how many dongs of profit are generated from
each dong of shareholder’s equity capital invested in and accumulated in an
enterprise. This ratio may indicate the followings:
- ROE ≤ bank loan interest
rate reveals that profit generated is intended for paying interest to a bank.
- ROE > bank loan
interest rate reveals that profit earned is higher than an amount required to
pay interest. However, it is necessary to judge whether an enterprise has taken
out any loan from a bank and make best use of competitive advantages in the
market so as to assess whether this enterprise can make an increase in ROE in
the future.
b. ROI - Return on investment
refers to the ratio of net income to total assets
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=
Net
income
x
Sales
=
Net
income
Sales
Total
assets
Total
assets
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c. The fund self-mobilization
rate (self-mobilized fund rate (%))
d. Self-finance ratio:
Self-finance ratio =
Shareholder’s equity / Total assets
Interpretation: This
indicator reflects the proportion of shareholder’s equity to total assets of an
enterprise. Determination of the degree of proportional conformity of
shareholder's equity with an enterprise's funding source depends critically on
business operations and policies of each enterprise as well as each sector
where an enterprise is operating.
The fact that this indicator
is high shows that such enterprise demonstrates its financial self-reliance but
also reveals that this enterprise has not taken good advantage of the financial
leverage.
3. Taxonomy of liquidity
indicators:
a. The current payment ratio
refers to the ratio of short-term assets to short-term liabilities.
Interpretation: The
current payment ratio indicates an enterprise’s ability to use short-term
assets, such as cash, inventories or receivables, to pay its short-term liabilities.
- The current ratio greater
than 1 means that an enterprise will be far more able to pay off its current
liabilities. Nonetheless, this indicator which is high is not a good sign
because this shows that this enterprise is using its assets in an inefficient
manner.
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b. The quick payment ratio
refers to the ratio of cash and cash equivalents plus receivables plus
short-term investments to current liabilities.
Interpretation: The
quick ratio shows whether a company is able to cover its current liabilities
with its current assets without selling inventories. This more accurately reflects
the existing liquidity ratio.
- The quick ratio less than
1 indicates that an enterprise may be difficult to cover its current
liabilities and should be treated with caution.
- The quick ratio greater
than 1 indicates that an enterprise may be able to pay its current liabilities
without selling inventories./.