MINISTRY OF
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
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|
SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence – Freedom – Happiness
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No: 2625/QD-BNN-TY
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Hanoi, June 21,
2017
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DECISION
PROMULGATING
THE “NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON ANTIMICROBIAL USE MANAGEMENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL
RESISTANCE PREVENTION IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND AQUACULTURE IN THE 2017-2020
PERIOD”
MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Pursuant to the Law on Veterinary Medicine dated
June 19, 2015;
Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No.
35/2016/ND-CP dated May 15, 2016 on Guidelines for the Law of Veterinary
Medicine;
Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No.
15/2017/ND-CP dated February 17, 2017 defining Functions, Tasks, Powers and
Organizational Structure of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development;
At the proposal of the Director of the
Department of Animal Health,
HEREBY DECIDES:
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Article 2. This Decision is in effect from the date of signing.
Article 3. Chief of the Ministry Office, the Director of the Department
of Animal Health, head of relevant Ministry-affiliated units and Directors of
provincial Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development have the
responsibility to implement this Decision./.
ON BEHALF OF
THE MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Vu Van Tam
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN
FOR
ANTIMICROBIAL USE MANAGEMENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PREVENTION IN ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY AND AQUACULTURE IN THE 2017-2020 PERIOD
(Issued together with the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development’s
Decision No. 2625/QD-BNN-TY dated June 21, 2017)
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Section 1
THE NECESSITY FOR A PLAN
PROPOSITION
I. CURRENT SITUATION
1. The state of antimicrobial resistance
2. Antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in
Vietnamese animal husbandry and aquaculture
3. Causes of antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam
4. Consequences of antimicrobial resistance
II. LEGAL BASIS
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THE PLAN’S SPECIFICS
I. OBJECTIVES
1. Common objectives:
2. Specific objectives:
II. TASKS TO BE UNDERTAKEN
1. Consolidating the system of directing management
of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance
2. Perfecting the legislative document on
management of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance
3. Inspecting the implementation of legislative
documents
4. Raising awareness of antimicrobial use and the
risk of antimicrobial resistance
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6. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, use,
and residue
7. Increasing interdisciplinary activities in
antimicrobial resistance management
Section 3
IMPLEMENTATION
I. RESPONSIBILITY ALLOCATION
1. Department of Animal Health
2. Directorate of Fisheries
3. Department of Animal Husbandry
4. National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality
Assurance Department
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6. Science, Technology and Environment Department
7. Financial Department
8. National Agricultural Extension Center
9. Research Institute for Aquaculture, National
Institute of Veterinary Research
10. Provincial Departments of Agriculture and Rural
Development
11. Animal Husbandry-Animal Health Branches
12. Fisheries Branches
13. Antimicrobial import facilities
14. Veterinary antimicrobial production facilities
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16. Animal husbandry and aquaculture facilities
II. TASKS AND TIMELINES: See the enclosed appendix
Section 4
FUNDING FOR IMPLEMENTATION
1. Central funding
2. Local funding
3. Other funding
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
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Section 1
THE NECESSITY FOR A PLAN
PROPOSITION
The invention of antimicrobials in 1928 was a huge
step in medicine for treatment of bacterial diseases. Many previously-fatal
bacterial diseases can now be treated by antimicrobials. Since then,
hundreds of different antimicrobials and bactericides have been invented and
put into use. Antimicrobials are not only used to treat humans but also widely
used in agriculture for disease prevention and treatment in livestock and
aquatic organisms, and are also added to animal feed to stimulate growth.
Concurrent with widespread use and abuse of antimicrobials in disease treatment
in humans, livestock and aquatic organisms is the emergence and escalation of
microorganisms’ resistance to antimicrobials.
Antimicrobial resistance affects the food and
agricultural production system, causes environmental pollution, endangering
people’s health and lives. It is difficult to estimate the severity of
antimicrobial resistance due to lack of an appropriate surveillance system.
However, a research predicts that around the year 2050, antimicrobial
resistance can claim the lives of 10 million people per year, which also means
one death by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria every 3 seconds, more than the
current number of cancer patients.
In recent years, there is plenty scientific
evidence that shows the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance in
Vietnam. The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks Vietnam as one of the
countries with the highest antimicrobial resistance rates.
At international level, the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and WHO have
formed a tripartite agreement. The agreement specifies antimicrobial resistance
as one of the three prioritized collaboration topics and formulates a Global
Action Plan on prevention of antimicrobial resistance [6]. In 2015, with the
“One Health” vision, the Global Action Plan created a common framework as basis
for states to formulate their own action plans to tackle antimicrobial
resistance. The plan has 5 strategic objectives and main actions that the
parties concerned have to take to address antimicrobial resistance. The
strategic objectives consist of raising awareness and understanding of
antimicrobial resistance; strengthening the knowledge and evidence base through
surveillance and research; reducing the incidence of infection through
effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures; optimizing use
of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health; increasing investment in
invention and production of drugs, diagnosis tools, new vaccines and other
interventions.
In the World Health Assembly meeting held in May
2015, the WHO member states pledged to formulate national action plans to
tackle antimicrobial resistance. Alongside the Global Action Plan, FAO also
formulated an Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2016-2020 for supporting
the food and agriculture industries in fulfilling that objective;
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At national level, Vietnam is the first Western
Pacific state to pass a national action plan on prevention of antimicrobial
resistance. This Plan has 6 specific objectives, including emphasis on
appropriate use of antimicrobials in crop farming, animal husbandry and
aquaculture. In June 2015, the “Aide Memoire of Multi-stakeholder Engagement to
Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in Vietnam” was co-signed by the Ministry of
Health, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Industry
and Trade, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and development
partners including WHO, FAO and OUCRU (Oxford University Clinical Research
Unit). All parties pledged to carry out the actions specified in the National
Action Plan and adopt the One Health methods in order to create a national
antimicrobial resistance surveillance system and intensify education for
raising awareness of use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance.
In order to increase support in multidisciplinary
approach to control antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam, in June 2016, the
Ministry of Health established the National Steering Committee for Prevention
of Drug Resistance in the 2016-2020 period (Decision No. 5888/QD-BYT dated
October 10, 2016); the Steering Committee consists of 31 members from the
signatory Ministries and external partners. Antimicrobial resistance is also
specified as an important component of the Global Health Security Agenda in
Vietnam, in which a 5-year plan is formulated to prevent occurrence and spread
of antimicrobial resistance through appropriate and effective use of
antimicrobials in humans and animals, and a collaboration between the
Vietnamese government and its international partners.
Drug resistance in agriculture is one of the 9
subcommittees of the Steering Committee for Prevention of Drug Resistance in
pursuance of the Ministry of Health's Decision No. 2888/QD-BYT dated August 5,
2014. In order to perform this Subcommittee’s tasks, it is required to
formulate the “Nation Action Plan on Antimicrobial Use Management and
Antimicrobial Resistance Prevention in Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture in the
2017-2020 Period”. This Plan is based on international and regional principles
which are appropriate to Vietnam's circumstances, and the main actions have to
be designed to fit both common and specific objectives.
I. CURRENT SITUATION
1. The state of antimicrobial
resistance
Antimicrobials are compounds that can kill or
inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi or protozoa [9].
Antimicrobials have been very widely used in the recent decades, helping
humankind achieve great progress in treating both humans and animals.
Antimicrobials are also the essential instrument for prevention and control of
communicable disease outbreaks, contributing to improving livestock
productivity, food security and food safety [22]. However, the effectiveness of
antimicrobials has been reduced due to the presence of drug-resistant bacteria,
as shown by those bacteria having been isolated from humans, animals, food and
the environment [7]. Currently, 890 antimicrobial-resistant enzymes has been
found in bacteria, more than the number of antimicrobial types produced and
most of those enzymes’ genetic codes are present in plasmids, which can be
easily transmitted within bacterial colonies of the same or different species.
Transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria
makes treatment of bacterial infections become less effective or fail, causing
adverse clinical effects and even death. There are an estimated 700.000 deaths
per year from diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as
tuberculosis, malaria or superinfection caused by HIV [18]. It is estimated to
reach 10 million by 2050, with increase in drug resistance being one of the
causes. The number of deaths reaches 4.730.000 in Asia [18]. It incurs a huge
cost to society and the global GDP in 2050 can be 2 to 3.5% less than estimated
[18].
Currently, the extent of antimicrobial resistance
in Vietnam has not been accurately estimated, but antimicrobial resistance
surveillance shows that Vietnam has a high antimicrobial resistance rate, which
is increasing over time [16]. A research conducted in Ho Chi Minh City shoes
that 43.8% of bacteria isolated from inpatients and 81% of Enterobacteriaceae
bacteria isolated from emergency wards have enzymes called
extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) [10]. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases
can disable most β-lactam antibiotics, especially Penicillin and
third-genaration Cephalosporin.
Resistance to fluoroquinolones in isolated Salmonella
Typhi (typhoid-causing bacteria) increased from 4% to 97% in the 1993-2005
period. Resistance to Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol is also on the rise.
Concurrently, from 1997 to 2008, there was a rise of drug resistance in Streptococcus
suis bacteria, which is the primary cause of meningitis among Vietnamese
adults.
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In animal husbandry, antimicrobials are used for
prevention, preventive treatment, treatment of disease or growth stimulation.
Antimicrobials are used in disease prevention when one individual or one herd
of healthy livestock is exposed to communicable disease pathogens.
Antimicrobials are also used for preventive treatment in livestock in the same
group as infected livestock. Antimicrobials are used for treating livestock that
have symptoms of communicable diseases.
In case of growth stimulation, antimicrobials are
added to animal feed in amounts less than the ones required for treatment in
order to enhance the animals' metabolism, hence reducing the rearing time as
well as the total amount of food required for each rearing cycle.
Animal husbandry contributes 30% of Vietnamese
total agricultural output, with small-scale animal husbandry in agricultural
households contributes 70% of the animal husbandry industry’s total value. The
animal husbandry industry's annual output includes 29.1 pigs and 364.5 poultry
(chickens and ducks) [8]. Aquaculture is also growing rapidly. In 2010, Vietnam
produced 1.3 million tonnes of catfish and 400,000 tonnes of shrimps, with
export revenue of USD 2.8 billion [19].
A number of researches in this period show that
alongside the development of animal husbandry and aquaculture is the widespread
use of antimicrobials in treatment and epidemic control in those industries.
A survey conducted on 208 poultry farms in Tien Giang province shows high
use of antimicrobials (the amount of antimicrobials used per bird is 6 times
the recorded amount in some European countries), with 84% being used for
disease prevention [3]. The use of animal feed with antimicrobial mixed in is
also very high. In each rearing cycle, 72% of animal farms use at least one
type of antimicrobial for disease prevention or growth stimulation.
Antimicrobials are also abused in pig farming (286.6 mg of active ingredient
per kg of live pig). Even some antimicrobials which are considered important
for disease treatment in humans are also used in animal husbandry [25].
Alongside the surveys on antimicrobial use,
researches on drug-resistant bacteria in animals and animal-based products have
also been carried out. 202 Campylobacter species isolated from 343 pig
and poultry farms in the Mekong Delta have drug resistance rate as follows:
100% are resistant to Erythromycin, 99% are resistant to
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, 92% are resistant to Nalidixic acid and
Ofloxacin and 20.8% are resistant to Ciprofloxacin [2]. Besides, in 895 species
of Escherichia coli isolated from 208 small-scale poultry farm in this
area, 20% are resistant to Gentamicin and 32.5% are resistant to Ciprofloxacin.
Resistance to Ciprofloxacin is certainly related to Quilonone use in those
farms [17]. A survey on antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp
isolated from 318 pork and chicken samples in the retail markets of the
Northern region of Vi etnam shows that 58.5% are resistant to Tetracycline,
58.1% are resistant to Sulphonamides, 47.3% are resistant to Streptomycin,
39.8% are resistant to Ampicillin, 37.3% are resistant to Chloramphenicol,
34.0% are resistant to Trimethoprim, and 27.8% are resistant to Nalidixic acid
[23]. A research on antimicrobial resistance in aquatic products also shows
that 18% of Escherichia coli species isolated from 60 shrimp sample in a
Nha Trang market have ESBL, 55% of which are resistant to many types of drugs
[20].
3. Causes of antimicrobial
resistance in Vietnam
3.1. Health and agricultural causes
a) Inappropriate antimicrobial use, such as
overdose, underdose or abuse, resulting in drug resistance, enabling
drug-resistance microorganisms to appear, transform and spread. Purchase of
antimicrobials and treatment carried out by oneself (not following
prescriptions of medical doctors in the case of humans or veterinarians in the
case of animals) [15]. Pathogenic bacteria, virus, parasites not being treated
by appropriate drugs. Incorrect dosage, concentration and use time.
b) tests and inspections still being insufficient,
the quality control scheme has not yet met the actual needs; inability to
ensure quality control of all individual batches of each type of product
available on the market.
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3.2. Causes arisen from animal husbandry and
aquaculture
a) Insufficient regulations on management and use
of antimicrobial for disease prevention and treatment, growth stimulation,
control of infection and transmission of drug-resistant bacteria in animal
husbandry and aquaculture in Vietnam [24].
- Negligent implementation of regulations of law.
- A surveillance system for drug resistance in animal
husbandry and aquaculture not yet established. Surveillance of drug resistance
has only been carried out in a number of researches and projects and not
regularly.
- No connection between antimicrobial surveillance
systems in health and agricultural sectors.
- Lack of test facilities which have sufficient
capacity for accurate determination of drug-resistant microorganisms, causing
difficulties in detection of recently discovered drug-resistant microorganisms.
- Antimicrobial abuse for the purpose of disease
prevention in animal husbandry and aquaculture. Antimicrobial abuse for the
purpose of growth stimulation. Use of antimicrobials with amounts less than the
ones required for treatment increases drug resistance of bacteria, which can be
easily transmitted to humans through direct contact, or indirectly through
consumption of animal-based food, or humans being in contact with airborne
bacteria released by animals [11].
- Lack of awareness of antimicrobial use and
resistance among the community, even among specialists.
- Veterinarians' prescriptions not required for
trading antimicrobials.
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Even though the extent that antimicrobial use in
animals can worsen antimicrobial resistance in humans, and the severity of that
relationship, has not yet been determined, there has been clear evidence of
this problem. This problem is revealed by factual evidence, which is humans and
animals both use a number of similar antimicrobials, with similar mechanisms of
actions and resistance mechanisms. Nearly 90 years since the first use of
antimicrobial, humankind is facing the prospect of some infections having to
effective antimicrobial treatment, especially infections related to
chemotherapy, tissue and organ transplant.
Prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases in
both humans and animals will become much more difficult, due to antimicrobials
having little to no effect on those diseases. The social and financial costs
for treatment for drug-resistant bacterial diseases will increase greatly for
individuals, families and the society due to prolonged treatment period,
negative prognoses and waste caused by spending on inappropriate drugs.
II. LEGAL BASIS
- Law on Pharmacy No. 105/2016/QH13 dated April 6,
2016.
- Law on Prevention of Infectious Diseases No.
03/2007/QH12 dated November 21, 2007.
- Law on Veterinary Medicine No. 79/2015/QH13 dated
June 19, 2016.
- Minister of Health’s Decision No. 2174/QD-BYT
dated June 21, 2013 ratifying the National Action Plan to Combat Drug Resistance.
- Decision No. 5888/QD-BYT dated October 10, 2016
on establishment of the National Steering Committee for Prevention of Drug
Resistance in the 2016-2020 period.
- Decision No. 2888/QD-BYT dated August 5, 2014 on
establishment of 9 Drug Resistance Surveillance Subcommittees.
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- Circular No. 26/2016/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 30,
2016 on quarantine of aquatic animals and animal products.
- Circular No. 25/2016/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 30,
2016 on quarantine of terrestrial animals and animal products.
- Circular No. 13/2016/TT-BNNPTNT dated June 2,
2016 on veterinary drug management.
- Circular No. 09/2016/TT-BNNPTNT dated January 6,
2016 on animal slaughter control and veterinary hygiene inspection.
- Circular No. 07/2016/TT-BNNPTNT dated May 31,
2016 on epidemic prevention in terrestrial animals.
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development’s
Decision No. 2803/QD-BNN-TY dated July 7, 2016 promulgating the “Plan for
Management and Surveillance of Imported Antimicrobial Ingredients for
Veterinary Drug Production in the 2016-2020 period."
Section 2
THE PLAN’S SPECIFICS
I. OBJECTIVES
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Minimize the risk of antimicrobial resistance among
the community by controlling antimicrobial use in animal husbandry and
aquaculture in Vietnam.
2. Specific objectives:
2.1. Review, amend and implement management
regulations and policies relevant to antimicrobial resistance and use in animal
husbandry and aquaculture.
2.2. Raise awareness of antimicrobial use and the
risk of antimicrobial resistance among technical staff, food and agricultural
specialists, farmers and consumers.
2.3. Adopt good practice in diagnosis, treatment,
animal feed production, animal husbandry and aquaculture.
2.4. Carry out surveillance of antimicrobial use,
residue and resistance in animal husbandry and aquaculture.
2.5. Facilitate interdisciplinary activities in
antimicrobial resistance management.
II. TASKS TO BE UNDERTAKEN
1. Consolidating the system of directing
management of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance
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1.2 Establish the Steering Subcommittee for
Prevention of antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry and aquaculture in
the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
1.3. Step up implementation of the National
Steering Subcommittee for Prevention of antimicrobial resistance in animal
husbandry and aquaculture
2. Perfecting the legislative document on
management of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance
2.1. Identify omissions and illogical overlaps in
the existing legislative documents relevant to antimicrobial management and
antimicrobial resistance surveillance in animal husbandry and aquaculture.
2.2. Gradually eliminate to and eventually prohibit
the use of antimicrobials for animal growth stimulation (pursuant to Circular
No. 06/2016/TT-BNNPTNT).
2.3. Formulate documents for restriction and
eventual prohibition of antimicrobial use for disease prevention in animals.
2.4. Review and amend the regulations on
prescription issuance and sale of prescription antimicrobial drugs, including
providing instructions on and control of prescription issuance and sale of
antimicrobials in veterinary activities.
2.5. Review the regulations on surveillance of
antimicrobial use, from import to management of circulation in agriculture, in
legislative documents (also including antimicrobial management database and
reports).
3. Inspecting the implementation of legislative
documents
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3.2. Step up surveillance of antimicrobial residue
in animal-based food produced for both export and domestic consumption, and announcement
of the results.
4. Raising awareness of antimicrobial usage and
the risk of antimicrobial resistance
4.1. Evaluate the awareness of antimicrobial use
and resistance management through survey on the chosen entities’ knowledge,
attitude and practice, including animal farmers, aquaculturists, technical
staff, specialists and consumers.
4.2. Create communication programs and tools to
raise awareness of antimicrobial use and resistance management.
4.2.1. Create communication tools (including
leaflets, posters on antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance) to raise
awareness of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial management.
4.2.2. Conduct communication operations on
antimicrobial use and resistance management with primary representatives of
veterinary medicine, animal husbandry and aquaculture authorities.
4.2.3. Increase participation of animal husbandry
and aquaculture industries in the annual antimicrobial resistance awareness
week.
4.2.4. Carry out communication operations for
raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance to cattle and poultry farmers,
aquaculturists and consumers through mass media (television, press and radio),
social media (Facebook, Twitter and Zalo), communication tools and events.
5. Adopting good practice in treatment, animal
feed production, animal husbandry and aquaculture
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5.1.1. Create guidelines for antimicrobial use in
animal husbandry and aquaculture using the risk assessment approach.
5.1.2. Organize training for good practice in antimicrobial
use in animal husbandry and aquaculture for the following entities:
- Technical staff and specialists.
- Lecturers (veterinarians) who will train
proprietors and producers in the animal husbandry industry.
Develop the cooperative relationship between the
public and private sectors in order to adopt good practice in antimicrobial
use; focusing on semi-industrial animal farms.
5.1.4. Incorporate antimicrobial use and resistance
into the animal husbandry-veterinary medicine syllabuses of universities and
vocational schools, as well as additional training programs for technical staff
and specialists.
5.2. Encourage the use of alternatives to
antimicrobials
5.2.1. Step up good practice in animal husbandry in
order to decrease the demand for antimicrobial treatment in farms, focusing on
biological safety, immunization, and sanitation throughout the food production
chain.
5.2.2. Assist in diagnosis methods and encourage
carrying out diagnoses before deciding to use antimicrobials for treatment.
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6. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance,
use, and residue
6.1. Identify the number of occurrences and
characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in animals and the food production
chain
6.1.1. Use testing laboratories map generating
tools to evaluate the capacity for microorganism and antimicrobial tests on
food and animals of current testing laboratories.
6.1.2. Make a list of testing laboratories
participating in the national surveillance program for antimicrobial resistance
in food and animals (hereinafter referred to as the List of testing
laboratories), including private testing laboratories. Designate the leading
national testing laboratory for this activity.
6.1.3. Create standards for antimicrobial
resistance tests (based on ISO and CLSI standards); organize training courses
for testing laboratories in the aforementioned list in order to ensure testing
quality and uniform application of standards.
6.1.4. Step up management of antimicrobial and
antimicrobial resistance testing quality, with the leading national testing
laboratory as the top priority, then the laboratories on the List of testing
laboratories.
6.1.5. Formulate a national surveillance program
for antimicrobial resistance in food and animals:
a) Objective: Estimate the occurrence rate of
antimicrobial resistance and detect antimicrobial resistance genes
b) Chosen entities and time:
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- Scale of production: Large and small farms
- Sample collection period: right before slaughter
- Bacteria species under surveillance: E. coli
and Salmonella
- Antimicrobials: Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline,
Cephalosporin and Tylosin
6.1.6. Formulate a national surveillance program
for antimicrobial resistance in farmed aquatic organisms:
a) Objective: Estimate the occurrence rate of
antimicrobial resistance and detect antimicrobial resistance genes
b) Chosen entities and time:
- Aquatic species: shark catfish, tilapia, giant
tiger prawn, whiteleg shrimp
- Bacteria species under surveillance: E. coli,
Salmonella, Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp.
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6.1.7. Implementation method: Combine with the
existing surveillance programs on food safety. Employ the risk assessment
method; regularly update the surveillance program on antimicrobial resistance.
6.1.8. Create a central database system in order to
facilitate management and analysis of antimicrobial resistance data.
6.1.9. Share the national surveillance program for
antimicrobial resistance's results among all participating testing laboratories
in print or online, quarterly or in annual meetings.
6.1.10. Establish collaborative programs with
research partners in order to continue studying and identify characteristics of
antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in food and animals, such as investigations of
animal farms.
6.2. Identify the number of occurrences and
characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry and aquaculture
6.2.1. Formulate and implement a national
surveillance program for antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry and
aquaculture; employ the data on imported antimicrobials as primary entry data
6.2.2. Create a national database for the purpose
of facilitating management and analysis of antimicrobial management data and
serving as basic parameters for OIE in global management of antimicrobial use
in livestock.
6.2.3. Share the national surveillance program for
antimicrobial use management’s results among the parties concerned.
6.2.4. Cooperate with research partners to provide
additional knowledge on antimicrobial use in animal husbandry and aquaculture.
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6.3.1. Evaluate the correlation between
antimicrobial use management in animal husbandry, aquaculture and occurrence of
antimicrobial resistance in animals and food to prepare for reduction of
antimicrobial use in the future, using the risk assessment approach.
6.3.2. Identify the number and characteristics of
antimicrobial residue occurrences in animal-based products
6.3.3. Carry out regular surveillance of
antimicrobial residue in animal-based food produced for both export and
domestic consumption.
6.3.4. Share the surveillance program for
antimicrobial residue's results among the parties concerned in print, online or
in quarterly or annual meetings.
7. Increasing interdisciplinary activities in
antimicrobial resistance management
7.1. Develop a multidisciplinary approach on
management and regulation of activities related to antimicrobial use,
resistance and residue.
7.2. Participate in the National Steering
Committee’s regular meetings in order to discuss, share experience and
cooperate in ongoing and upcoming activities.
7.3. Organize communication activities and advocate
common policies between health and veterinary medicine authorities in order to
raise awareness of antimicrobial resistance, such as organizing the annual
antimicrobial resistance awareness week.
7.4. Enhance the partnership between public and
private sectors in order to raise awareness of antimicrobial resistance in
animal husbandry and aquaculture among specialists of multiple disciplines,
such as stepping up good practice and disseminating training materials.
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7.6. Share antimicrobial use and resistance results
through joint reports by the health and veterinary medicine authorities.
7.7. Combine with antimicrobial use and resistance
management activities at both regional and global levels.
7.8. Participate in regional and global
antimicrobial use and resistance management activities in animal husbandry and
aquaculture.
7.9. Share data on antimicrobial use and resistance
management in Vietnam among international partners, contributing to OIE's
global database on antimicrobial management.
Section 3
IMPLEMENTATION
I. RESPONSIBILITY ALLOCATION
1. Department of Animal Health
1.1. Act as the cooperative link to related units
to direct and provide instructions on implementation; consolidate the Plan's
action results to report to the Minister and Deputy Ministers of Agriculture
and Rural Development.
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1.3. Cooperate with the Legal Department in annual
review and identification of omissions and illogical overlaps in the existing
legislative documents relevant to antimicrobial management and antimicrobial
resistance surveillance in animal husbandry and aquaculture, and the demand for
those documents.
1.4. Create guidelines for prescription of
antimicrobials in treating animals.
1.5. Manage and carry out surveillance of
antimicrobial use, import and production.
1.6. Study and evaluate the awareness of
antimicrobial use and resistance management.
1.7. Preside over and cooperate with the Department
of Animal Husbandry and the Directorate of Fisheries in creating communication
documents on antimicrobial usage and resistance.
1.8. Cooperate with the Directorate of Fisheries,
the Department of Animal Husbandry and the National Agricultural Extension
Center in conducting communication operations on antimicrobial use and
resistance management and raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance for
representatives of veterinary medicine, animal husbandry, aquaculture
industries and consumers.
1.9. Cooperate with the Directorate of Fisheries
and the Department of Animal Husbandry in creating guidelines for antimicrobial
use in diagnosis and treatment in animal husbandry and aquaculture.
1.10. Participate in the annual antimicrobial
resistance awareness week.
1.11. Develop the partnership between public and
private sectors to critique policies and legislative documents, alongside
sharing information on antimicrobial use.
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1.13. Step up management of certificate of
veterinary medicine practice in providing diagnosis and treatment for animals.
1.14. Assists in diagnosis methods and encourage
the use of diagnosis tools to identify cases that need treatment by
antimicrobials.
1.15. Formulate a program for control of primary
communicable diseases which need to be treated by antimicrobials in livestock
and aquatic organisms.
1.16. Encourage evaluating and implementing
alternatives to antimicrobials.
1.17. Evaluate the capacity of existing
laboratories for carrying out tests for antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms.
1.18. Identify the leading laboratories and create
a list of laboratories designated to carry out tests for
antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
1.19. Create standards for antimicrobial-resistant
bacteria test methods and organize training courses for the laboratories to
participate.
1.20. Formulate and implement a national
surveillance program for antimicrobial resistance in food, animals and farmed
aquatic organisms.
1.21. Create a central database to facilitate
management and analysis of data on antimicrobial resistance; share the results
of the surveillance program for antimicrobial resistance among the parties
concerned.
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1.23. Carry out surveillance of antimicrobial
residue in terrestrial animal-based food.
1.24. Participate in the National Steering
Committee for prevention of drug resistance’s meetings.
1.25. Organize joint communication activities on
antimicrobial resistance between health and veterinary medicine industries.
1.26. Raise awareness of antimicrobial resistance
in animal husbandry and aquaculture among organizations and individuals.
1.27. Share the results of antimicrobial use and
resistance management in order to include them into health and veterinary
medicine authorities’ joint reports; facilitate analysis of current situations
and evaluation of general risks.
1.28. Participate in regional and global
antimicrobial use and resistance management activities in animal husbandry and
aquaculture; share the data on antimicrobial use and resistance management in
Vietnam among international partners.
1.29. Formulate and implement a national program
for antimicrobial use management in animal husbandry and aquaculture.
2. Directorate of Fisheries
2.1. Cooperate with the Department of Animal
Health, the Department of Animal Husbandry and the National Agricultural
Extension Center in conducting communication operations on antimicrobial use
and resistance management and raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance for
aquaculturists and consumers.
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2.3. Participate in the annual antimicrobial
resistance awareness week.
3. Department of Animal Husbandry
3.1. Gradually eliminate and eventually prohibit
antimicrobial use for growth stimulation in cattle and poultry.
3.2. Gradually eliminate and eventually prohibit
antimicrobial use for disease prevention in animals.
3.3. Cooperate with the Department of Animal Health
in creating communication documents on antimicrobial use and resistance and
guidelines for antimicrobial use in disease treatment and animal feed
production.
3.4. Cooperate with the Department of Animal
Health, the Department of Animal Husbandry and the National Agricultural
Extension Center in conducting communication operations on antimicrobial use
and resistance management and raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance for
animal farmers and consumers.
3.5. Participate in the annual antimicrobial
resistance awareness week.
3.6. Inspect and handle violations committed by
organizations and individuals who produce, trade, import, export animal feed
that has antimicrobials added for the purpose of growth stimulation.
3.7. Cooperate with the Department of Animal Health
in directing animal health Branches to manage and carry out surveillance on
animal husbandry facilities, in order to make sure they use veterinary drugs
for disease prevention and treatment in accordance with regulations.
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4. National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality
Assurance Department
4.1. Carry out surveillance of antimicrobial
residue in aquatic animal-based food.
4.2. Direct the affiliated units to participate in
the surveillance program for antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry and
aquaculture.
4.3. Direct the affiliated units to trace and
investigate aquatic product batches that are contaminated with chemicals,
antimicrobials that are prohibited or exceed their limits, as notified by the
import markets.
4.4. Accurately notify the investigation results on
names and addresses of suppliers of chemicals, prohibited antimicrobials and
antimicrobial ingredients to the Department of Animal Health so that the
violations can be handled.
5. Legal Department
2.1. Identify omissions and illogical overlaps in
the existing legislative documents relevant to antimicrobial management and
antimicrobial resistance surveillance in animal husbandry and aquaculture.
6. Science, Technology and Environment
Department
Prioritize research projects on alternatives to
antimicrobials (researches, research-supporting policies, alternative products)
and implementation of those alternatives.
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Balance and raise funds for the central authorities
and units to implement the annual National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Use
Management and Antimicrobial Resistance Prevention in Animal Husbandry and
Aquaculture.
8. National Agricultural Extension Center
8.1. Promote good techniques in animal husbandry in
order to reduce demand for treatment by antimicrobials in farms, through
agricultural extension programs and related activities.
8.2. Cooperate with the Department of Animal
Health, the Department of Animal Husbandry and the Directorate of Fisheries in
organizing training activities for antimicrobial use for treatment, in animal
husbandry and aquaculture.
8.3. Cooperate with the Department of Animal
Health, the Department of Animal Husbandry and the Directorate of Fisheries in
conducting communication operations for raising awareness of antimicrobial
resistance among cattle and poultry farmers, aquaculturists and consumers.
9. Research Institute for Aquaculture, National
Institute of Veterinary Research
9.1. Participate in the surveillance program for
antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry and aquaculture; share the
surveillance of antimicrobial resistance’s results among the concerned parties.
9.2. Participate in study and evaluation of the
awareness of antimicrobial use and resistance management.
9.3. Participate in creating communication
documents and guidelines for antimicrobial use and resistance.
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10. Provincial Departments of Agriculture and
Rural Development
10.1. Direct the departments’ affiliated units to
manage and carry out surveillance on trading and use of antimicrobials within
their jurisdictions.
10.2. Direct the departments’ affiliated units to
propagate and disseminate guidelines for antimicrobial use and resistance to
animal farmers and aquaculturists.
11. Provincial animal health authorities
11.1. Responsible for management and surveillance
of antimicrobial trading within their jurisdictions;
11.2. Responsible for management and surveillance
of antimicrobial use in animal husbandry facilities;
11.3. Propagate and disseminate guidelines for
antimicrobial use and resistance to animal farmers and aquaculturists.
12. Fisheries Branches
12.1. Responsible for management and surveillance
of antimicrobial use in aquaculture facilities;
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13. Antimicrobial import facilities
13.1. Record and keep track of imports and exports
of antimicrobials sufficiently;
13.2. Provide reports with accurate data on the
numbers of antimicrobial imports, exports and inventory, names and addresses of
purchasers of each antimicrobial to the Department of Animal Health and local
Animal Health Branches on the 20th of each quarter's last month.
14. Veterinary antimicrobial production
facilities
14.1. Create records and documents of antimicrobial
ingredient purchase and use;
14.2. Provide reports with accurate data on
purchased and used antimicrobial ingredients for production of veterinary
drugs, the number of produced and exported veterinary drugs to the Department
of Animal Health and local Animal Health Branches on the 20th of
each quarter's last month.
15. Veterinary drugstores
15.1. Record and keep track of imports and exports of
antimicrobials sufficiently;
15.2. Provide reports with accurate data on
antimicrobial imports and exports to the provincial Animal Health Branches.
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15.4. Sell antimicrobials in accordance with
prescriptions and guidelines of animal health staff only.
16. Animal husbandry and aquaculture facilities
16.1. Have records of antimicrobial use for animal
husbandry and aquaculture.
16.2. Provide sufficient and accurate documents on
where antimicrobials are purchased to the authorities upon request.
16.3. Use antimicrobials in accordance with
prescriptions and guidelines of animal health staff only.
II. TASKS AND TIMELINES:
Enclosed appendix
Section 4
FUNDING FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
1. Central funding
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b) The assigned central-affiliated units in this
plan are responsible for mobilizing the system's resources for implementation.
2. Local funding
Annually, pursuant to this Plan and the local
surveillance program for food safety, the Department of Agriculture and Rural
Development presides over and cooperate with relevant units in formulating
plans and presenting them to the provincial People’s Committee for approval and
implementation funds.
3. Other funding
Mobilize funding from international organizations
such as FAO, USAID, WHO, World Bank or capital from other non-governmental
organizations.
REFERENCES
1. Anses, 2014. Assessment of the risks of
emergence of antimicrobial resistance associated with modes of antimicrobial
use in the field of animal health.
2. Carrique-Mas, J.J. Et al., 2014. An
epidemiological investigation of Campylobacter in pig and poultry farms in the
Mekong delta of Vietnam. Epidemiology and Infection 142, 1425-36.
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4. Chau, T.Tr. et al, 2007. Antimicrobial drug
resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Asia and molecular
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Resistance 2016-2020. Supporting the food and agriculture sectors in
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impact of antimicrobial resistance.
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9. Giguère, S. et al, 2013. Antimicrobial Therapy
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10. Kiratisin, P. et al, 2012. Comparative in vitro
activity of carbapenems against major Gram-negative pathogens: results of
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11. Linton, A.H., 1977. Antibiotic resistance: the
present situation reviewed. Veterinary Record 100, 354-60.
12. Marshall, B.M. et al, 2011. Food animals and
antimicrobials: impacts on human health. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 24,
718-33.
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
14. Ministry of Health / Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development / Ministry of Industry and Trade / Ministry of Natural
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Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in Vietnam.
15. Nga, D.T.T. et al, 2014. Antibiotic sales in
rural and urban pharmacies in northern Vietnam: an observational study. BMC
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
24. Thu, T.L., 2016. Baseline situation analysis of
Vietnam: existing legislative documents relevant to antimicrobial use
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APPENDIX
TASKS AND TIMELINES
No.
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Presiding unit
Cooperating
unit
Timeline
1.
Present the decision on establishment, functions,
responsibilities, operating expenditures of the National Steering Subcommittee
for prevention of antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry and
aquaculture.
Department of Animal Health
Directorate of Fisheries, Department of Animal
Husbandry
2017
2.
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Legal Department
Department of Animal Health, Department of Animal
Husbandry, Directorate of Fisheries, National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality
Assurance Department
2017 - 2020
3.
Gradually eliminate to and eventually prohibit
the use of antimicrobials for animal growth stimulation (pursuant to Circular
No. 06/2016/TT-BNNPTNT).
Department of Animal Husbandry
Department of Animal Health
2017
4.
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Department of Animal Husbandry
Department of Animal Health
2017 - 2020
5.
Create guidelines for prescription issuance and
sale of prescription antimicrobials
Department of Animal Health
Legal Department
2018
6.
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Department of Animal Health
Department of Animal Husbandry, Directorate of
Fisheries
2017- 2020
7.
Inspect the entities related to trade or use of
antimicrobials in animal husbandry and aquaculture, from import to farms.
Department of Animal Health
Department of Animal Husbandry, Directorate of Fisheries
Annually
8.
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Department of Animal Health, National
Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department
Annually
9.
Research and evaluate the awareness of
antimicrobial use and resistance management of the chosen entities, including
animal farmers, aquaculturists, technical staff, specialists and consumers.
Department of Animal Health
National Institute of Veterinary Research,
Research Institute for Aquaculture, Animal Husbandry-Animal Health Branches,
Fisheries Branches
2017- 2018
10.
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Department of Animal Health, National
Agricultural Extension Center
Directorate of Fisheries, Department of Animal
Husbandry
2018
11.
Conduct communication operations on antimicrobial
use and resistance management with primary representatives of veterinary
medicine, animal husbandry and aquaculture sectors.
Department of Animal Health, Directorate of
Fisheries, Department of Animal Husbandry, National Agricultural Extension
Center
National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality
Assurance Department; provincial Departments of Agricultural and Rural
Development, Animal Husbandry-Animal Health Branches, Agro-Forestry-Fisheries
Quality Assurance Branches and Fisheries Branches; veterinary drug, animal
feed production and trade companies; societies and associations; mass media
agencies.
2018 - 2020
12.
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Department of Animal Health, Directorate of Fisheries,
Department of Animal Husbandry, National Agricultural Extension Center
National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality
Assurance Department; provincial Departments of Agricultural and Rural
Development, Animal Husbandry-Animal Health Branches, Agro-Forestry-Fisheries
Quality Assurance Branches and Fisheries Branches; veterinary drug, animal
feed production and trade companies; societies and associations; mass media
agencies.
2018 - 2020
13.
Formulate guidelines for antimicrobial use in
animal husbandry and aquaculture.
Department of Animal Health
Department of Animal Health, Directorate of
Fisheries, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Research Institute for
Aquaculture
2018- 2020
14.
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
National Agricultural Extension Center
Department of Animal Health, Department of Animal
Husbandry, Directorate of Fisheries
2018- 2020
15.
Develop the partnership between public and
private sectors to adopt good animal husbandry practice in antimicrobial use.
Department of Animal Health
Department of Animal Husbandry
Aquaculture Department
Veterinary drug, animal feed production and trade
companies and associations
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
16.
Create the content framework of antimicrobial use
and resistance in animal husbandry and aquaculture and propose integrating it
into animal husbandry-veterinary medicine syllabuses of universities and
vocational schools, train technical staff and specialists, including those in
the private sector, in that field.
Department of Animal Health
Animal Husbandry-Animal Health Branches
Veterinary drug, animal feed production and trade
companies
2020
17.
Step up management of certificates of practice
for animal health staff, provide additional training for good practice in
antimicrobial use.
Department of Animal Health
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
2019-2020
18.
Provide training in animal husbandry’s good
techniques in order to reduce demand for treatment by antimicrobials in
farms, through agricultural extension programs and related activities.
National Agricultural Extension Center
Department of Animal Husbandry, Aquaculture
Department, provincial Agricultural Extension Centers
2018 -2020
19.
Assists in diagnosis methods and encourage the
use of diagnosis tools before carrying out treatment by antimicrobials.
Department of Animal Health
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Annually
20.
Formulate a program for control of primary
communicable diseases that require plenty antimicrobials for treatment in
livestock and aquatic organisms.
Department of Animal Health
Provincial Veterinary Associations, National
Institute of Veterinary Research, veterinary drugs production and trade
companies
2018 - 2020
21.
Encourage evaluation of alternatives to
antimicrobials (researches, research-supporting policies, and alternative
products) and implementation of those alternatives.
Science, Technology and Environment Department,
Department of Animal Health
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
2018 -2020
22.
Evaluate the capacity of existing testing
laboratories for carrying out tests for antimicrobial-resistant
microorganisms.
Department of Animal Health
National Center for Veterinary Hygiene Inspection
No. 1, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis
2017 - 2018
23.
Identify the leading laboratory and create a list
of laboratories designated to carry out tests for antimicrobial-resistant
bacteria.
Department of Animal Health
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
2017 - 2018
24.
Create standards for antimicrobial-resistant
bacteria test methods and organize training courses for the listed
laboratories’ staff.
Department of Animal Health
National Center for Veterinary Hygiene Inspection
No. 1, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis, Science, Technology and
Environment Department
2018-2020
25.
Carry out quality management activities for
antimicrobial resistance tests in participating laboratories.
Department of Animal Health
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
2018-2020
26.
Formulate a national surveillance program for
antimicrobial resistance in food and animals
Department of Animal Health
FAO, National Center for Veterinary Hygiene
Inspection No. 1
2017
27.
Implement the national surveillance program for
antimicrobial resistance in food and animals
Department of Animal Health
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
2018- 2020
28.
Formulate a national surveillance program of
antimicrobial resistance in aquatic organisms and their derived products
Department of Animal Health
FAO, National Center for Veterinary Hygiene
Inspection No. 1
2018
29.
Implement the AMR surveillance program on
products derived from farmed aquatic organisms
Department of Animal Health
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
2019 - 2020
30.
Create a central database in order to facilitate
management and analysis of antimicrobial resistance data.
Department of Animal Health
National Center for Veterinary Hygiene Inspection
No. 1, National Institute of Veterinary Research, related laboratories
2018-2020
31.
Create report forms, mechanisms for sharing the
AMR surveillance program's results among participating laboratories and the
concerned parties.
Department of Animal Health
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
2018
32.
Establish collaborative programs with research
partners in order to continue studying and identify characteristics of
antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in food and animals, with the private
sector’s involvement.
Department of Animal Health
Ministry of Health, FAO, OIE, WHO, OUCRU, CDC and
other organizations
2017-2020
33.
Formulate and implement a national program for
antimicrobial use management in animal husbandry and aquaculture.
Department of Animal Health
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
2018-2020
34.
Formulate collaborative programs with research
partners to provide additional knowledge on antimicrobial use in animal
husbandry and aquaculture.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Department of Animal Health, Department of Animal
Husbandry, universities and research institutes
2019-2020
35.
Quantify the effect of antimicrobial use and
resistance management in animal husbandry and aquaculture and the occurrence
of antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry and aquaculture.
Department of Animal Health
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
2019-2020
36.
Carry out regular surveillance of antimicrobial
residue in animal-based food.
Department of Animal Health
National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality
Assurance Department
Department of Animal Husbandry, Directorate
of Fisheries; provincial Animal Husbandry-Animal Health Branches,
Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Branches and Fisheries Branches
Annually
37.
Share the surveillance program of antimicrobial
residue’s results.
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Concerned parties, research institutes and
universities
Annually
38.
Participate in the National Steering Committee
for prevention of drug resistance’s meetings.
Department of Animal Health
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Industry and Trade
Annually
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Organize joint communication activities between
health and veterinary medicine industries.
Department of Animal Health
Department of Animal Husbandry; National
Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department; Aquaculture Department;
Ministry of Health; Ministry of Industry and Trade; Ministry of Information
and Communications; National Agricultural Extension Center
Annually
40.
Enhance the partnership between public and private
sectors in order to raise awareness of antimicrobial resistance in animal
husbandry and aquaculture through technical staff from related disciplines
Department of Animal Health
Associations; local governments; National
Agricultural Extension Center
Annually
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Share information on antimicrobials,
antimicrobial resistance and surveillance of residue among health, veterinary
medicine and environmental authorities.
Department of Animal Health, National
Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department
Department of Food Safety, Ministry of Health’s
Medical Services Administration, Environment Administration of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment
Annually
42.
Share antimicrobial use and resistance results in
order to incorporate them into joint reports of the health and veterinary
medicine authorities.
Department of Animal Health
Ministry of Health’s Medical Services
Administration, Environment Administration of Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment
Annually
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Participate in regional and global antimicrobial
use and resistance management activities in animal husbandry and aquaculture.
Department of Animal Health
Department of Animal Husbandry, National
Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department, Aquaculture Department,
Science, Technology and Environment Department. International Cooperation
Department
Annually
44.
Share data on antimicrobial use and resistance
management in Vietnam among international partners.
Department of Animal Health
Research institutes, universities, Ministry of
Health
Annually
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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66