MINISTRY OF
FINANCE
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|
THE SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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|
No.
107/2014/TT-BTC
|
Hanoi, August 8,
2014
|
CIRCULAR
PROVIDING
GUIDANCE ON ACCOUNTING FOR OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY OPERATORS
Pursuant to the Accounting Law dated June 17,
2003;
Pursuant to the Law on Oil and Gas dated July 6,
1993 and the Law on Revision of several articles of the 2000 Law on Oil and Gas
and the Law on Revision of certain articles of the 2008 Law on Oil and Gas;
Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No.
129/2004/ND-CP dated May 31, 2004 specifying and guiding implementation of
certain articles of the Business Accounting Law;
Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No.
33/2013/ND-CP dated April 22, 2013 providing the sample production sharing
agreement;
Pursuant to the Government's Decree No.
215/2013/ND-CP dated December 23, 2013 defining the functions, tasks, powers
and organizational structure of the Ministry of Finance;
Pursuant to the Prime Minister’s Decision No.
40/2007/QD-TTg dated March 21, 2007 on clearing of immovable construction
projects, tool and equipment for oil and gas activities;
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The Minister of Finance hereby introduces the
Circular providing guidance on the accounting for oil and gas industry
operators.
Chapter I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1. Scope and subject of
application
1. Scope of application
- This Circular deals with the accounting for oil
and gas industry operators. Unless prescribed by contents of this Circular, oil
and gas industry operators shall be subject to regulations set out in the Law
on Accounting and written guidance for the Law on Accounting; the corporate
accounting policy released under the Decision No. 15/2006/QD-BTC dated March
20, 2006 of the Minister of Finance, the Circular No. 244/2009/TT-BTC dated
December 31, 2009 and written guidance on revision and replacement of the
corporate accounting policy (hereinafter referred to as applicable accounting
policy).
- Oil and gas industry operators shall apply the
chart of accounts prescribed in the applicable corporate accounting policy and
accounts revised by this Circular to their accounting where relevant to the
nature of their activities and requirements concerning management.
2. Subject of application
This Circular shall govern individual operators of
the oil and gas industry and joint operating companies that act on behalf of
parties to an oil and gas agreement to carry out search or prospecting,
exploration and production activities within the territory of Vietnam.
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Oil and gas industry operators refers to entities
or persons acting on behalf of parties to an oil and gas agreement to exercise
their delegated authority to manage oil and gas operations (hereinafter
referred to as O&G Operator).
For the purpose of this Circular, abbreviations and
acronyms, such as JOC, POC and PSC, shall be construed as follows:
1. JOC refers to a form of joint operating company.
Under terms and conditions of an oil and gas agreement, Contractors agree to
establish a joint operating company that plays its role as an agent for
contracting parties to carry out oil and gas search, prospecting, exploration,
development and extraction activities within an agreed field area, and
functions as the exclusive operator acting on behalf of these Contractors to
implement its delegated rights and obligations in accordance with joint
operating agreements and decisions granted by the Management Committee.
2. PSC refers to a form of production sharing
agreement under which capital contributors assign one operator of that
agreement that acts on behalf of these capital contributors to carry out oil
and gas search, prospecting, exploration, resource volume estimate, evaluation,
development and extraction activities within powers, agreements and
requirements provided in the production sharing agreement.
3. POC refers to a form of joint operating
agreement under which Contractors agree to establish an oil and gas production
operating company of which the operator is Vietnam National Oil and Gas Group
(PVN) representing the Vietnam side.
Article 3. Accounting scripts
1. Where the oil and gas agreement requires usage
of foreign language scripts, such requirement must be observed and Vietnamese
translation versions are provided as specifically requested by regulatory
authorities.
2. Where the oil and gas agreement does not require
usage of foreign language scripts in accounting operations, scripts used in
accounting records, books and financial statements in Vietnam must be
Vietnamese. Where it is necessary to use a foreign language, both
Vietnamese-language and foreign-language scripts are mandatory.
Article 4. Accounting currency
unit
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2. Where an accounting currency unit is not
prescribed in the oil and gas agreement, the currency unit must conform to
regulations of the Law on Accounting and written guidance for that Law.
Chapter II
GUIDANCE ON THE
ACCOUNTING FOR OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY OPERATORS
Article 5. Chart of accounts
1. The O&G Operator shall apply the chart of accounts
prescribed in the applicable corporate accounting policy with certain existing
accounts to be revised, renamed and new accounts to be added as follows:
a) Adding Account 246 – “Prospecting, exploration
and resource volume estimate costs”. This account reflects oil and gas search,
exploration and resource volume estimate costs and progress of settlement
thereof. The search, exploration and resource volume estimate costs referred to
in the oil and gas agreement shall be recorded in detail depending on specific
oil and gas agreements.
b) Adding Account 247 – “Oil and gas development
costs”. This account reflects costs incurred during oil and gas development,
and final settlement of oil and gas development capital value referred to in
oil and gas agreements.
c) Adding Account 248 – “Other costs”. This account
reflects costs incurred during the oil and gas production stage under specific
oil and gas agreements.
d) Adding Account 249 – “Unrecoverable costs”: This
account reflects costs incurred in the stage of search, prospecting,
exploration, reserve estimate or evaluation, oilfield development and
production of which recovery is not allowed under terms and conditions of the
oil and gas agreement, and costs which are suspended or eliminated during an audit
in accordance with the PVN’s audit report.
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e) Renaming Account 341 – “Long-term loan” as
“Other Contractor’s paid-in capital”: This account reflects the monetary amount
contributed by other Contractor other than the Parent company – an operator
participating in the oil and gas agreement. Account 341 – Other Contractor’s
paid-in capital is divided into 2 sub-accounts, including:
- Account 3411 – “Other Contractor’s paid-in
capital”: This account reflects the amount of capital contributed by the
Contractor parties in accordance with the oil and gas agreement.
- Account 3412 – “Recovery of other Contractor’s
paid-in capital”: This account reflects the amount of capital contribution by
the Contractor parties which has been recovered by using the cost oil on a
first-incurred, first-recovered basis.
g) Renaming Account 411 – “Business capital source”
as “Operator Parent company’s paid-in capital”. This account reflects
availability of, and increase or decrease in, the amount of capital
contribution by the operator Parent company as prescribed by the oil and gas
agreement. Account 411 – Operator Parent company’s paid-in capital is divided
into 2 subaccounts, including:
- Account 4111 – “Operator Parent company’s paid-in
capital”: This account reflects the amount of capital contribution by the Contractor
Parent company as prescribed by the oil and gas agreement.
- Account 4112 – “Recovery of operator Parent
company’s paid-in capital”: This account reflects the amount of capital
contribution by the operator Parent company which has been recovered by using
the cost oil on a first-incurred, first-recovered basis.
h) Renaming Account 642 – “General and
administrative expenses” as “Administrative overhead costs”. This account
reflects costs incurred by managerial and administrative divisions of the O&G
Operator during a given accounting period.
2. The chart of accounts, including accounts
subject to the abovementioned revisions, shall be issued in the Appendix 01
hereto. Where the O&G Operator carries out other economic transactions,
relevant accounts which are not listed in the chart of accounts referred to in
this Circular but listed in the chart of accounts referred to in the applicable
corporate accounting policy shall not be subject to application for the
Ministry of Finance’s approval.
Article 6. Accounting for the
prospecting, exploration and resource volume estimate costs
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2. Accounting principles
a) Prospecting, exploration and resource volume
estimate costs are the costs incurred to serve the purpose of prospecting for
and evaluating oil and gas potentiality, determining existence of resources and
likelihood of commercial extraction of oil and gas within a sedimentary bed,
formation, cluster, block or basin, including preparation, geological,
geophysical, geochemical and other survey; analysis, research, well drilling
and sealing; well testing; well completion; well repair; well abandonment;
resource volume estimate plans and other activities. The prospecting, exploration
and resource volume estimate costs may include:
- Costs associated with collection of geophysical,
geochemical, geological documents, topographic map of oil-bearing stratum, and
collection of drilling data including processing, reprocessing, analysis and
demonstration of data;
- Costs of personnel, input materials, fuels, raw
material reserves, equipment and services used for drilling exploration and
appraisal wells;
- Administrative overhead costs distributed for oil
and gas search, exploration and estimate activities;
- Other costs directly related to the oil and gas
prospecting, exploration and estimate stage.
b) Where the oil and gas agreement prescribes the
following earnings recorded as decreases in prospecting, exploration and
reserve estimate costs, the O&G Operator is entitled to do so (after
entirely discharging obligations to the State Bank in accordance with laws and
regulations where applicable):
- Earnings derived from the produced oil and gas
which can be used for offsetting gas and oil prospecting, exploration and
resource volume estimate costs
- Earnings derived from insurance or indemnity
directly related to prospecting, exploration and reserve estimate activities;
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- Earnings derived from liquidation of assets
directly related to prospecting, exploration and reserve estimate activities;
- Other earnings directly related to prospecting,
exploration and reserve estimate activities.
Where the said earnings relate to various
activities and are unlikely to be separately accounted for with respect to
separate activities such as search, exploration and reserve estimate,
development and extraction, the O&G Operator must distribute amounts of
these earnings and calculate them as offsets against costs (e.g. search,
exploration, reserve estimate, oilfield development and other costs) according
to the most appropriate formula with reference to specific types of oil and gas
agreement and nature of operations performed by the O&G Operator.
c) When the validity term of the oil and gas
agreement ends, the O&G Operator must keep final accounts of prospecting,
exploration and reserve estimate costs and those which have already been
recovered. Positive difference between the amount of search, exploration and
reserve estimate costs in one side and the amount of costs actually recovered
in the other side shall be recorded as a decrease in portions of capital
contribution made by contracting parties.
d) The O&G Operator shall consolidate and keep
track of details of recoverable costs of prospecting, exploration and resource
volume estimate and costs which are not recovered under specific terms and
conditions of oil and gas agreement. The O&G Operator can divide the
Account 246 - Prospecting, exploration and resource volume estimate costs –
into secondary or tertiary accounts where appropriate for its managerial
requirements.
3. Contents, composition of, and method for posting
entries to, the Account 246 - Prospecting, exploration and resource volume
estimate costs.
Debit: Costs incurred from oil and gas prospecting,
exploration and resource volume estimate activities during a given accounting
period.
Credit:
- Other earnings recorded as offsets against
prospecting, exploration and resource volume estimate costs.
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Debit balance: Prospecting, exploration and
resource volume estimate costs accrued as of the reporting date.
4. Method of accounting for the prospecting,
exploration and resource volume estimate costs
a) If prospecting, exploration and resource volume
estimate costs involved in the oil and gas agreement are incurred, including
geological – geophysical and drilling costs, the following entries are
recorded:
Debit A/C 246 - Prospecting, exploration and
resource volume estimate costs.
Debit A/C 133 – Deductible VAT
Credit A/C 111, 112, 331.
b) Where the oil and gas agreement provides that
raw materials, tools or instruments purchased are not included as part of
prospecting, exploration and resource volume estimate costs, but recorded as a
type of cost when being used for the purpose of oil and gas prospecting,
exploration and resource volume estimate, receiving procedures and accounting
for these items purchased must be performed in accordance with applicable laws
and regulations. If these raw materials, tools or instruments are dispatched
out of inventory to be consumed for prospecting, exploration and resource
volume estimate activities, the following entries shall be recorded as follows:
Debit A/C 246 - Prospecting, exploration and
resource volume estimate costs.
Credit A/C 152, 153.
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Debit A/C 246 - Prospecting, exploration and
resource volume estimate costs.
Credit Account 642 – Administrative overhead costs.
d) Accounting for income generated from insurance
or indemnity claims concerning oil and gas operations, receipts derived from
subleasing of property ownership right to third parties, amounts received from
suppliers to compensate for supplies of raw materials failing to conform to
agreed quality standards and specifications which have been previously recorded
as part of the costs; income generated from liquidation of raw materials or
assets which have been previously recorded as part of the costs but are no
longer necessary for gas and oil operations, and other income directly
associated with oil and gas prospecting, exploration and resource volume
estimate activities (after discharging tax obligations in accordance with laws
and regulations, where applicable) which is recorded for the purpose of
offsetting prospecting, exploration and resource volume estimate costs, as
prescribed by the oil and gas agreement, shall be performed by posting the
following entries:
Debit A/C 111, 112.
Credit A/C 246 - Prospecting, exploration and
resource volume estimate costs (if recorded as a decrease in recovered costs).
Credit A/C 338 – Other payables (if paid back to
PVN)
Credit A/C 33311 – Output VAT payable (where
applicable)
e) Upon termination of the oil and gas agreement,
the O&G Operator shall perform carryover of recovered prospecting,
exploration and resource volume estimate costs and record the following
entries:
Debit A/C 251 – Recovered costs
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g) Where prospecting, exploration and resource
volume estimate costs incurred are greater than recovered amount of costs upon
termination of the oil and gas agreement, the difference amount shall be
recorded as a decrease in paid-in capital of parties, the following entries are
recorded as follows:
Debit A/C 3411, 4111.
Credit A/C 246 - Prospecting, exploration and
resource volume estimate costs.
Article 7. Accounting for oil
and gas development costs
1. Account 247 – Oil and gas development costs
reflects costs incurred from the oil and gas development process. Oil and gas
development costs shall be tracked in detail depending on specific oil and gas
agreements.
2. Accounting principles
a) Oil and gas development costs are all direct and
indirect costs relating to development of one or more oil and gas wells within
a development area as prescribed by the oil and gas agreement, including:
- Costs incurred from drilling and completion of
development wells, inclusive of costs of geological survey incidental to
drilling and design of borewells and costs related to other drilling activities
in the development stage;
- Costs of construction and development of oil and
gas wells, including costs incurred from oil and gas well design, mapping of
oil and gas extraction technology, design and construction of the drilling rig
and pipelines, preparation of feasibility studies, extraction technology design
and other costs incurred in the oil and gas development process;
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- Administrative overhead costs allocated to oil
and gas development activities;
- Other costs directly related to oil and gas
development operations.
b) Where the oil and gas agreement prescribes the
following earnings recorded as decreases in oil and gas development costs, the
O&G Operator is entitled to do so in accordance with the oil and gas
agreement (after totally discharging obligations to the State Bank in
accordance with laws and regulations where applicable):
- Earnings derived from the produced oil and gas
which can be used for offsetting oil and gas development costs;
- Earnings derived from insurance or indemnity
directly related to the oil and gas development process;
- Earnings derived from subletting of assets to
third parties which are directly related to the oil and gas development
process;
- Earnings derived from liquidation of assets
directly related to the oil and gas development process;
- Other costs directly related to oil and gas
development operations.
Where the said earnings relate to various
activities and are unlikely to be separately accounted for with respect to
separate activities such as oil and gas search, exploration, resource volume
estimate, development and extraction, the O&G Operator must distribute
amounts of these earnings and calculate them as offsets against costs (e.g.
search, exploration, resource volume estimate, development and other costs)
according to the most appropriate formula with reference to specific types of
oil and gas agreement and nature of operations performed by the O&G
Operator.
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d) The O&G Operator shall consolidate and keep
track of details of recoverable oil and gas development costs and costs which
are not recovered under specific terms and conditions of oil and gas agreement.
The O&G Operator can divide the Account 247 – Oil and gas development costs
– into secondary or tertiary accounts where appropriate for its managerial
requirements.
3. Contents, composition of, and method for posting
entries to, the Account 247 – Oil and gas development costs.
Debit: Costs incurred from oil and gas development
activities in accordance with the oil and gas agreement during a given
accounting period.
Credit:
- Carryover of oil and gas development costs upon
termination of the oil and gas agreement;
- Other earnings recorded as offsets against oil
and gas development costs.
Debit balance: Oil and gas development costs
accrued as of the reporting date.
4. Method of accounting for oil and gas development
costs
a) Where costs directly related to oil and gas
development operations are incurred, the following entries shall be recorded as
follows:
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Debit A/C 133 – Deductible VAT
Credit A/C 111, 112, 331.
b) Where the oil and gas agreement provides that
raw materials, tools or instruments purchased are not included as part of oil
and gas development costs, but recorded as a kind of cost when being used,
receiving procedures and accounting for these items purchased must be performed
in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. If these raw materials,
tools or instruments are dispatched out of inventory to be consumed for oil and
gas development activities, the following entries shall be recorded as follows:
Debit A/C 247 - Oil and gas development costs
Credit A/C 152, 153.
c) If administrative overhead costs are, on
periodic basis, allocated to oil and gas development costs, the following
entries shall be recorded as follows:
Debit A/C 247 - Oil and gas development costs
Credit Account 642 – Administrative overhead costs.
d) Accounting for income generated from insurance
or indemnity claims concerning oil and gas operations, receipts derived from
subletting of property ownership right to third parties, amounts received from
suppliers to compensate for supplies of raw materials failing to conform to
agreed quality standards and specifications which have been previously recorded
as part of the costs; income generated from liquidation of raw materials or
assets which have been previously recorded as part of the costs but are no
longer necessary for gas and oil operations, and other income directly
associated with oil and gas development activities (after discharging all tax
obligations in accordance with laws and regulations, where applicable) which is
recorded for the purpose of offsetting oil and gas development costs, shall be
performed by posting the following entries:
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Credit A/C 247 – Oil and gas development costs (if
recorded as a decrease in recovered costs).
Credit A/C 338 – Other payables (if paid back to
PVN)
Credit A/C 33311 – Output VAT payable (where
applicable)
e) The O&G Operator shall carry over oil and
gas development costs which have already been recovered upon termination of the
oil and gas agreement by posting the following entries:
Debit A/C 251 – Recovered costs
Credit A/C 247 - Oil and gas development costs.
g) Where oil and gas development costs incurred are
greater than recovered amount of costs upon termination of the oil and gas
agreement, the differential amount shall be recorded as a decrease in paid-in
capital of contracting parties, the following entries are recorded as follows:
Debit A/C 3411, 4111.
Credit A/C 247 - Oil and gas development costs.
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1. Account 248 – Extraction costs – reflects costs
incurred during the oil and gas extraction or production stage.
2. Accounting principles
a) Extraction costs are composed of all of costs allocated
directly or indirectly, or incurred, in the crude oil and natural gas
extraction process provided in particular oil and gas agreements, even
including administrative overhead costs allocable to extraction costs under
terms and conditions of the oil and gas agreement. The extraction costs may
include:
- Costs of operation and maintenance of necessary
facilities, scheduling and direction thereof;
- Costs of oil and gas flow measurement, well
testing, flow assurance and collection;
- Costs of processing, storage and transportation
of crude oil and natural gas from oil and gas basins to transit stations;
- Administrative overhead costs allocated to other
oil and gas extraction activities;
- Costs of clearing for closure of oil and gas
extraction sites;
- Other costs directly related to oil and gas
extraction operations.
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- Earnings derived from the produced oil and gas
which can be used for offsetting oil and gas extraction costs;
- Earnings derived from insurance or indemnity
directly related to the oil and gas extraction process;
- Earnings derived from subletting of assets to
third parties which are directly related to the oil and gas extraction process;
- Earnings derived from liquidation of assets
directly related to the oil and gas extraction process;
- Other income directly related to oil and gas
extraction operations.
Where the said earnings relate to various
activities and are unlikely to be separately accounted for with respect to
separate activities such as search, exploration and resource volume estimate,
development and extraction, the O&G Operator must distribute amounts of
these earnings and calculate them as offsets against costs (e.g. oil and gas
search, exploration, resource volume estimate, development and other costs)
according to the most appropriate formula with reference to specific types of
oil and gas agreement and nature of operations performed by the O&G
Operator.
c) On a regular basis, the O&G Operator must
provide margins to the host country (represented by PVN) as the reserve fund to
secure financial obligations concerning clearing of production wells and
restoration of the original site which are charged to extraction costs. Where
the amount of money set aside for that reserve fund is greater than actual
costs incurred from production well clearing and abandonment, part of the fund
which is not used up shall be recorded as a decrease in oil and gas extraction
costs (if all costs are not fully recovered), or reflected as an amount payable
to parties to the oil and gas agreement.
d) When the validity term of the oil and gas
agreement ends, the O&G Operator must keep final accounts of extraction
costs and those costs which have already been recovered. Positive difference
between the amount of oil and gas extraction costs in one side and the amount
of costs actually recovered in the other side shall be recorded as a decrease
in portions of capital contribution made by contracting parties.
dd) The O&G Operator shall consolidate and keep
track of details of recoverable oil and gas extraction costs in accordance with
particular oil and gas agreements. The O&G Operator can divide the Account
248 – Oil and gas extraction costs – into secondary or tertiary accounts where appropriate
for its managerial requirements. The O&G Operator can create a secondary
Account to separately keep track of capitalized costs and costs incurred during
the accounting period at the oil and gas extraction or production stage.
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Debit: Costs incurred from oil and gas extraction
activities in accordance with the oil and gas agreement during a given
accounting period.
Credit:
- Carryover of oil and gas extraction costs upon
termination of the oil and gas agreement;
- Other income recorded as an offset against oil
and gas extraction costs.
Debit balance: Oil and gas extraction costs accrued
as of the reporting date.
4. Method of accounting for oil and gas extraction
costs
a) Where costs directly related to oil and gas
extraction operations are incurred, the following entries shall be recorded as
follows:
Debit A/C 248 – Oil and gas extraction costs
Debit A/C 133 – Deductible VAT
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b) Where the oil and gas agreement provides that
raw materials, tools or instruments purchased are not included as part of oil
and gas extraction costs, but only charged to the costs when being put into
use, receiving procedures and accounting for these items purchased must be
performed in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. If these raw
materials, tools or instruments are dispatched out of inventory to be consumed
for oil and gas extraction activities, the following entries shall be recorded
as follows:
Debit A/C 248 – Oil and gas extraction costs
Credit A/C 152, 153.
c) If administrative overhead costs are, on
periodic basis, allocated to oil and gas extraction costs, the following
entries shall be recorded as follows:
Debit A/C 248 – Oil and gas extraction costs
Credit Account 642 – Administrative overhead costs.
d) Accounting for income generated from insurance
or indemnity claims concerning oil and gas operations, receipts derived from subletting
of property ownership right to third parties, amounts received from suppliers
to compensate for supplies of raw materials failing to conform to agreed
quality standards and specifications which have been previously recorded as
part of the costs; income generated from liquidation of raw materials or assets
which have been previously recorded as part of the costs but are no longer
necessary for gas and oil operations, and other income directly associated with
oil and gas extraction activities (after discharging all tax obligations in
accordance with laws and regulations, where applicable) which is recorded for
the purpose of offsetting oil and gas extraction costs, shall be performed by
posting the following entries:
Debit A/C 111, 112.
Credit A/C 248 – Oil and gas extraction costs (if
recorded as a decrease in recovered costs).
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Credit A/C 33311 – Output VAT payable (where
applicable)
e) Upon setting aside the reserve fund to secure
financial obligations concerning clearing of immovable facilities, devices and
equipment, the following entries shall be posted as follows:
Debit A/C 248 – Oil and gas extraction costs
Credit A/C 335 - Costs payable.
f) Upon completion of clearing of oil and gas
production wells, if the reserve fund is not used up, the remaining amount
shall be handled as follows:
- Where Contractor parties have yet to recover all
of their costs, such remaining amount shall be offset against oil and gas
extraction costs and posted into the following accounts:
Debit A/C 335 - Costs payable
Credit A/C 248 – Oil and gas extraction costs.
- Where Contractor parties have already recovered
all costs, the remaining amount of the fund after payment of profit to the host
country shall be reflected as other payable to contracting parties in the
following specific circumstances:
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Debit A/C 335 - Costs payable
Credit A/C 333 - Taxes and accounts payable to the
State Budget (profit distributable to the host country)
Credit A/C 338 – Other costs payable.
+ If PVN retains the portion of profit
distributable to the host country, the following entries shall be recorded as
follows:
Debit A/C 335 - Costs payable
Credit A/C 244 – Deposits or pledges (Portion of
profit distributable to the host country)
Credit A/C 338 – Other costs payable.
g) The O&G Operator shall carry over oil and
gas extraction costs which have already been recovered upon termination of the
oil and gas agreement by posting the following entries:
Debit A/C 251 – Recovered costs
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h) Where oil and gas extraction costs incurred are
greater than recovered amount of costs upon termination of the oil and gas
agreement, the differential amount shall be recorded as a decrease in paid-in
capital of contracting parties, the following entries are recorded as follows:
Debit A/C 3411, 4111.
Credit A/C 248 – Oil and gas extraction costs.
Article 9. Accounting for
unrecoverable costs
1. Account 249 – Unrecoverable costs – reflects the
amount of costs which are not recovered as prescribed by the oil and gas agreement,
and costs which are suspended or eliminated during an audit according to the
audit report prepared by PVN.
2. Accounting principles
The O&G Operator shall consolidate and keep
track of details of unrecoverable costs over prospecting, exploration and
resource volume estimate stages; oil and gas development and extraction stages.
The O&G Operator can divide the Account 249 – Unrecoverable costs – into
secondary or tertiary accounts where appropriate for its managerial
requirements.
3. Contents, composition of, and method for posting
entries to, the Account 249 – Unrecoverable costs
Debit: Unrecoverable costs incurred over
prospecting, exploration and resource volume estimate stages; oil and gas
development and extraction stages during a specified accounting period.
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- Unrecoverable costs that conform to statutory
requirements laws and oil, and gas agreement, and are re-classified as
recoverable costs;
- Any decrease in recoverable costs recorded upon
termination of the oil and gas agreement.
Debit balance: Unrecoverable costs accrued as of
the reporting date.
4. Method of accounting for unrecoverable costs
a) When costs incurred at prospecting, exploration
and resource volume estimate stages; oil and gas development and extraction
stages, are defined as unrecoverable costs, entries shall be posted to the
following accounts:
Debit A/C 249 – Unrecoverable costs
Credit A/C 246, 247, 248.
b) When unrecoverable costs conform to statutory
requirements laws and oil, and gas agreement, and are re-classified as
recoverable costs, entries shall be posted to the following accounts:
Debit A/C 246, 247, 248
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c) Accountants shall record any decrease in
recoverable costs and amount of paid-in capital of contracting parties upon
termination of the oil and gas agreement by posting the following entries:
Debit A/C 3411, 4111.
Credit A/C 249 – Unrecoverable costs.
d) Upon liquidating the amount of raw materials,
tools or instruments held in stock which have yet to be dispatched for oil and
gas operations:
- If the proceeds obtained from liquidation thereof
are less than the specified book value thereof, accountants must post the
following entries to relevant accounts as follows:
Debit A/C 111, 112, 131, etc. Amount of proceeds
generated from liquidation
Debit A/C 249 – Unrecoverable costs (Negative
difference between the amount of proceeds generated from liquidation and the
specified book value of these raw materials, tools or instruments subject to
liquidation)
Credit A/C 152, 153 (Book value of raw materials,
tools or instruments subject to liquidation)
Credit A/C 3331 – Output VAT payable (where
applicable)
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Debit A/C 111, 112, 131, etc. Amount of proceeds
generated from liquidation
Credit A/C 152, 153 (Book value of raw materials,
tools or instruments subject to liquidation)
Credit A/C 249 – Unrecoverable costs (Positive
difference between the amount of proceeds generated from liquidation and the
specified book value of these raw materials, tools or instruments subject to
liquidation)
Credit A/C 3331 – Output VAT payable (where
applicable)
Article 10. Accounting for
recoverable costs
1. Account 251 – Recoverable costs – reflects the
amount of costs incurred at prospecting, exploration and resource volume
estimate stages; oil and gas development and extraction stages, which has
already been recovered through the cost oil derived from the actual oil output
(exclusive of the volume of profit oil) in each quarter of the accounting year.
Costs incurred from oil and gas operations shall be recovered on
first-incurred, first-recovered basis.
2. Accounting principles
The O&G Operator shall consolidate and keep
track of details of recoverable costs over prospecting, exploration and
resource volume estimate stages; oil and gas development and extraction stages.
The O&G Operator can divide the Account 251 – Recoverable costs – into
secondary or tertiary accounts where appropriate for its managerial
requirements.
3. Contents, composition of, and method for posting
entries to, the Account 251 – Recoverable costs
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Credit: Recoverable costs incurred at prospecting,
exploration and resource volume estimate stages; oil and gas development and
extraction stages during a specified accounting period.
Credit balance: Amount of recoverable costs accrued
as of the reporting date.
4. Method of accounting for recoverable costs
a) When the Contractor recovers oil and gas operating
costs by using the cost oil, the following entries shall be posted to relevant
accounts as follows:
Debit A/C 3412 – Paid-in capital recovered by
Contractor parties
Debit A/C 4112 – Paid-in capital recovered by the
operator Parent company
Credit A/C 251 – Recoverable costs.
b) The O&G Operator shall carry over cost
amounts which have already been recovered upon termination of the oil and gas
agreement by posting the following entries:
Debit A/C 251 – Recoverable costs
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Article 11. Accounting for
corporate income tax
1. Accounting principles
a) The O&G Operator must fulfill its corporate
income tax obligations with respect to income amounts or amounts recorded as an
offset against any cost incurred during a given accounting period in accordance
with applicable laws and regulations.
b) Corporate income tax (CIT) payable shall be
reported in accounting records as an amount of deduction from total income
generated during a given accounting period. With respect to income amounts recorded
as offsets against prospecting, exploration, resource volume estimate,
development and extraction costs as prescribed by the oil and gas agreement,
the O&G Operator shall do so only after paying corporate income tax (if
laws on tax provides that such income amounts are taxable).
2. Method of accounting for corporate income tax
- Where there are CIT-taxable amounts, the O&G
Operator must reflect CIT amounts payable by posting the following entries to
relevant accounts as follows:
Debit A/C 515, 711.
Credit A/C 3334 – CIT tax payable.
- With respect to income amounts recorded as
offsets against prospecting, exploration, resource volume estimate, development
and extraction costs, after the CIT tax has been paid as provided by laws
(where applicable), the following entries shall be posted to relevant accounts:
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Credit A/C 246, 247, 248
Credit A/C 3334 – CIT tax payable (where
applicable).
- With respect to payment to the State Budget, the following
entries shall be posted to relevant accounts as follows:
Debit A/C 3334 – CIT tax payable
Credit A/C 111, 112
Article 12. Accounting for VAT
deductions at the oil and gas extraction stage
1. During the extraction stage at which there are
revenues generated from sale of oil and gas, if the input VAT deductible
arises, the O&G Operator can deduct that input VAT from the amount of
output VAT payable. In cases where the O&G Operator is only responsible for
filing the tax returns on behalf of the Contractor but not directly paying the
output VAT tax, accountants shall refer to such tax returns to record entries
to the following accounts:
Debit A/C 138 – Other receivable.
Credit A/C 133 – Input VAT deductible.
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Debit A/C 4111 – Paid-in capital of the operator
Parent company
Debit A/C 3411 – Paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties
Credit A/C 138 – Other receivable.
3. Other regulations on accounting for VAT tax
shall be the same as those set forth in the applicable corporate accounting
policy.
Article 13. Accounting for
paid-in capital of Contractor parties
1. Paid-in capital recognition principles
a) The O&G Operator shall keep separate records
of details of paid-in capital received from each Contractor party to the oil
and gas agreement on the basis of the realized capital contribution.
b) If the O&G Operator exists in the POC form
or is hired to hold the post as the O&G Operator (does not make capital
contribution to participate in the oil and gas agreement), it shall post the
entry of capital amount paid in by Contractor parties to the Account 341 –
Paid-in capital of other Contractor parties.
c) If the O&G Operator operates in the form of
JOC and PSC under terms and conditions of the oil and gas agreement,
recognition of capital paid in by contracting parties shall adhere to the
following principles:
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- Portion of paid-in capital obtained from other
contracting parties shall be recorded as liability accounts and posted to the
Account 341 – Paid-in capital of other Contractors.
d) Upon termination of the oil and gas agreement,
the O&G Operator must record a decrease in paid-in capital of parties with
respect to the volume of cost oil and the amount of unrecoverable costs.
2. Composition and contents of the Account 341 –
Paid-in capital of other Contractor parties
a) Composition and contents of the Account 3411 –
Paid-in capital of other Contractor parties
Debit: Amount of paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties subject to a decrease resulting from recovery of paid-in
capital upon termination of the oil and gas agreement.
Credit: Actual amount of capital paid in by other
Contractor parties during a given accounting period.
Credit balance: Actual amount of capital paid in by
other Contractor parties at the reporting date.
b) Composition and contents of the Account 3412 –
Paid-in capital recovered by other Contractor parties
Debit: Amount of paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties recovered by the cost oil produced during the accounting
period.
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Debit balance: Amount of paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties recovered by the cost oil which is accrued as of the
accounting period.
3. Composition and contents of the Account 411 –
Paid-in capital of the operator Parent company
a) Composition and contents of the Account 4111 –
Paid-in capital of the operator Parent company
Debit: Amount of paid-in capital of the operator
Parent company subject to a decrease resulting from recovery of paid-in capital
upon termination of the oil and gas agreement.
Credit: Actual amount of paid-in capital of the
operator Parent company arising during the accounting period.
Credit balance: Actual amount of paid-in capital of
the operator Parent company arising as of the reporting date.
b) Composition and contents of the Account 3412 –
Paid-in capital recovered by other Contractor parties
Debit: Amount of paid-in capital of the operator
Parent company recovered by the cost oil produced during the accounting period.
Credit: Carryover of paid-in capital amount
recovered by the cost oil for offset against paid-in capital of the operator
Parent company upon termination of the oil and gas agreement.
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4. Method of accounting for paid-in capital of
contracting parties
a) In the circumstance when the O&G Operator
receives paid-in capital from parties to the oil and gas agreement:
- If one party involved in capital contribution is
appointed and accepted as the O&G Operator acting on behalf of the
Contractor to implement agreed duties and obligations, upon receipt of capital
paid in by Contractor parties, the entries are posted to the following
accounts:
Debit A/C 111, 112.
Credit A/C 3411 – Other Contractor’s paid-in
capital (Respective paid-in capital of contracting parties - Details thereof
for each Contractor)
Credit A/C 4111 – Operator Parent company’s paid-in
capital (Respective paid-in capital of the operator Parent company as
prescribed by the oil and gas agreement).
- In either cases where the O&G Operator is
established in the JOC form to represent capital contribution parties that are
assigned their persons to participate in joint operation activities or the
O&G Operator is hired to manage oil and gas prospecting, exploration,
resource volume estimate, development and extraction operations, upon receipt
of capital paid in by Contractor parties, the entries shall be posted to the
following accounts:
Debit A/C 112 – Bank deposits
Credit A/C 3411 – Paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties.
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Debit A/C 515 - Revenue earned from financial
transactions
Credit A/C 3411 – Paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties (Portion thereof paid to other parties)
Credit A/C 4111 – Paid-in capital of the operator
Parent company
Credit A/C 333 - Taxes and accounts payable to the
State Budget.
c) Where other income (other than income recorded
as offset against costs incurred) shall, after being used for discharging
obligations to the State Budget, be recorded as an increase in paid-in capital
of parties as prescribed by the oil and gas agreement, the entries shall be
posted to the following accounts:
Debit A/C 711 – Other income
Credit A/C 3411 – Paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties
Credit A/C 4111 – Paid-in capital of the operator
Parent company
Credit A/C 333 - Taxes and accounts payable to the
State Budget.
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Debit A/C 3412 – Paid-in capital recovered by other
Contractor parties
Debit A/C 4112 – Paid-in capital recovered by the
operator Parent company
Credit A/C 251 – Recoverable costs.
dd) During the extraction stage at which there are
revenues generated from sale of oil and gas, if the input VAT deductible
arises, the O&G Operator can deduct that input VAT from the amount of
output VAT payable. Upon determining the VAT payable during the accounting
period, the O&G Operator shall rely on the tax returns in which accountants
have recorded a decrease in paid-in capital of Contractor parties according to
the proportion of capital contribution to the VAT tax deductible to post the
following entries:
Debit A/C 4111 – Paid-in capital of the operator
Parent company
Debit A/C 3411 – Paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties
Credit A/C 133 – Input VAT deductible.
e) Accountants shall record a decrease in paid-in
capital of parties in proportion to the amount of paid-in capital which has
been recovered upon termination of the oil and gas agreement by posting the
following entries:
Debit A/C 3411 – Other Contractor’s paid-in capital
(Respective paid-in capital of contracting Contractor parties - Details thereof
for each Contractor)
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Debit A/C 3412 – Paid-in capital recovered by other
Contractor parties
Debit A/C 4112 – Paid-in capital recovered by the
operator Parent company.
f) Upon termination of the oil and gas agreement,
where oil and gas operating costs have not been fully recovered, the O&G
Operator must record a decrease in paid-in capital of parties equivalent to the
amount of unrecoverable costs by posting the following entries:
Debit A/C 4111 – Paid-in capital of the operator
Parent company
Debit A/C 3411 – Paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties
Credit A/C 246, 247, 248.
g) Accountants shall record a decrease in
unrecoverable costs and amount of paid-in capital of parties upon termination
of the oil and gas agreement by posting the following entries:
Debit A/C 3411, 4111.
Credit A/C 249 – Unrecoverable costs.
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Debit A/C 3411 – Paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties
Debit A/C 4111 – Paid-in capital of the operator
Parent company
Credit A/C 112 – Bank deposits.
Article 14. Accounting for
asset liquidation
1. Accounting principles
a) The O&G Operator shall be responsible for
transferring assets to PVN after fully recovering costs which are no longer
necessary for oil and gas operations. If PVN refuses to accept these assets,
the O&G Operator can liquidate these assets to earn proceeds which are then
paid to PVN.
b) Where oil and gas operating costs have not been
fully recovered, but assets are no longer necessary for oil and gas operations,
subject to the PVN's approval, the O&G Operator can determine on these
assets. Proceeds from liquidation or disposal of these assets shall be recorded
as an offset against recoverable costs incurred from oil and gas operations
(after all tax obligations referred to in laws on tax, where applicable, have
been discharged).
c) In cases where the oil and gas agreement
provides that raw materials, tools or instruments are only chargeable to
recoverable costs when being dispatched out of inventory for use in oil and gas
operations, if these items which have not been dispatched out of inventory for
oil and gas operations are held on inventory but no longer necessary for oil
and gas operations, the O&G Operator can liquidate them (at the request of
Contractors), the amount of difference between proceeds earned from liquidation
thereof and the book value thereof shall be charged to unrecoverable costs.
2. Accounting method:
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Debit A/C 111, 112.
Credit A/C 331, 333
Credit A/C 246, 247, 248.
b) Where oil and gas operating costs have been
fully recovered as prescribed, the amount of proceeds from asset liquidation
from which costs incurred from liquidation, disposal of these assets are
deducted, and which is used to discharge tax obligations in accordance with
laws on tax (where applicable) shall be transmitted to PVN and recorded into
the following accounts:
Debit A/C 111, 112.
Credit A/C 331, 333
Credit A/C 338 – Other payables (Details of
accounts payable to PVN).
c) Upon liquidating the amount of raw materials,
tools or instruments held in stock which have yet to be dispatched for use in
oil and gas operations:
- If the proceeds obtained from liquidation thereof
are less than the specified book value thereof, accountants must post the
following entries to relevant accounts as follows:
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Debit A/C 249 – Unrecoverable costs (Negative
difference between the amount of proceeds generated from liquidation and the
specified book value of these raw materials, tools or instruments subject to
liquidation)
Credit A/C 152, 153 (Book value of raw materials,
tools or instruments subject to liquidation)
Credit A/C 3331 – Output VAT payable (where
applicable).
- If the proceeds obtained from liquidation thereof
are greater than the specified book value thereof, accountants must post the
following entries to relevant accounts as follows:
Debit A/C 111, 112, 131, etc. Amount of proceeds
generated from liquidation
Credit A/C 152, 153 (Book value of raw materials,
tools or instruments subject to liquidation)
Credit A/C 249 – Unrecoverable costs (Positive
difference between the amount of proceeds generated from liquidation and the
specified book value of these raw materials, tools or instruments subject to
liquidation)
Credit A/C 3331 – Output VAT payable (where
applicable).
- Where Contractor parties decide to use the
portion of difference between the amount of proceeds from liquidation and the
book value of raw materials, tools or instruments to adjust paid-in capital
accounts, accountants shall record the following entries:
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Debit A/C 249 – Unrecoverable costs
Credit A/C 3411, 4111.
+ Where the amount of proceeds from liquidation is
less than the book value of raw materials, tools or instruments, accountants
shall carry over the portion of difference currently recorded in unrecoverable
costs in order to record an increase in paid-in capital of parties as follows:
Debit A/C 3411, 4111.
Credit A/C 249 – Unrecoverable costs.
Article 15. Accounting for
other income accounts
1. Accounting principles
a) Other income accounts which are not prescribed
by the oil and gas agreement may be composed of the followings:
- Deposit interest;
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- Other income.
b) Other income accounts shall be recognized as other
income or revenue earned from financial transactions. c) After being offset
against associated costs and used for discharging obligations to the State
Budget (where applicable), these income accounts shall be recorded as an
increase in paid-in capital of Contractor parties, except as the oil and gas
agreement prescribes that they are recorded as a reduction in oil and gas
operating costs.
2. Accounting method
a) Accounting for bank deposit interest
- When bank deposit interest arises, accountants
shall post the following entries to relevant accounts:
Debit A/C 112, 138.
Credit A/C 515 - Revenue earned from financial
transactions.
- The amount of CIT payable (where applicable)
shall be recorded as follows:
Debit A/C 515 - Revenue earned from financial transactions
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- b) The amount of paid-in capital of parties
increasing in proportion to the amount of bank deposit interest shall be
recognized by posting the following entries:
Debit A/C 515 - Revenue earned from financial
transactions
Credit A/C 4111 – Paid-in capital of the operator
Parent company
Credit A/C 3411 – Paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties.
- Where the oil and gas agreement prescribes that
bank deposit interest is recorded as a reduction in oil and gas operating
costs, the following entries shall be posted to relevant accounts:
Debit A/C 515 - Revenue earned from financial
transactions
Credit A/C 246, 247, 248.
b) Accounting for other income accounts
- Other income which is not prescribed by the oil
and gas agreement including income earned from gifts or donations in cash or in
kind received from individuals or entities, or income of other types, shall be
recorded in the following accounts:
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Credit A/C 711 – Other income.
- Costs associated with income accounts shall be
recorded in the following accounts:
Debit A/C 811 – Other expenses
Credit A/C 112, 331.
- Carryover of other expenses and income for the
purpose of determination of net income shall be recorded as follows:
Debit A/C 711 – Other income
Credit A/C 811 – Other expenses
- The amount of CIT payable shall be recorded as
follows:
Debit A/C 711 – Other income
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- The amount of paid-in capital of parties increasing
in proportion to the amount of other income shall be recognized by posting the
following entries:
Debit A/C 711 – Other income
Credit A/C 4111 – Paid-in capital of the operator
Parent company
Credit A/C 3411 – Paid-in capital of other
Contractor parties.
- Where the oil and gas agreement prescribes that
other income accounts are recorded as a reduction in oil and gas operating
costs, the following entries shall be posted to relevant accounts:
Debit A/C 711 – Other income
Credit A/C 246, 247, 248.
Article 16. Accounting for the
exchange difference
1. Exchange rate
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b) The actual exchange rate in certain cases shall
be specifically defined as follows:
- The actual exchange rate on trading of foreign
currency (Foreign exchange spot, forward, future and swap contracts) refers to
the exchange rate agreed in contracts for trading of foreign currency between
enterprises and commercial banks.
- The actual exchange rate on acceptance of paid-in
capital refers to the buying exchange rate at which investors purchase foreign
currency from banks to be remitted for capital contribution purposes as of the
date of capital contribution.
- Where the oil and gas agreement does not prescribe
the payment exchange rate, the contracting entity must record transactions in
the accounting book according to the following principles:
+ The actual exchange rate on recognition of
accounts receivable refers to the buying exchange rate quoted by the commercial
bank which the contracting entity designates to receive payment made by
customers as of the date on which the payment transaction occurs;
+ The actual exchange rate on recognition of
liabilities refers to the selling exchange rate quoted by the commercial bank
where the contracting entity intends to perform its transaction as of the date
on which such transaction occurs;
+ With respect to spot foreign currency payment for
asset purchases or of expenses (not through liability accounts), the actual
exchange rate refers to the buying exchange rate quoted by the commercial bank
where the contracting entity makes payment.
- The actual exchange rate on revaluation of
monetary entries carrying a value in a foreign currency that occurs as of the
date of formulation of a financial statement refers to the exchange rate quoted
by the commercial bank where the contracting entity regularly carries out
transactions (at this contracting entity’s discretion) according to the
following principles:
+ The actual exchange rate on revaluation of
monetary entries carrying a value in a foreign currency which is classified as
assets refers to the buying exchange rate quoted by commercial banks as of the
date of preparation of financial statements. As for foreign-currency bank
deposit accounts, the actual exchange rate on revaluation refers to the buying
exchange rate quoted by the bank where the contracting entity opens its foreign
currency account;
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- The actual exchange rate on changes of currency
units used in accounting activities, and on conversion of assets and
liabilities as components of financial statements from a foreign currency to
VND, refers to the average buying and selling exchange rate quoted by the
commercial bank that the contracting entity designates at its discretion as of
the date of change of currency unit used in accounting reports.
c) The book exchange rate (e.g. the nominal or
weighted average exchange rate) in certain cases shall be specifically defined
as follows:
- The nominal exchange rate refers to the rate on
recovery of receivables, collateral pledges or deposits, or on payment of
liabilities in foreign currencies, which is determined by the exchange rate
quoted at the date on which transactions of each stated item arise;
- The weighted-average book exchange rate refers to
the rate used at the Credit side of monetary accounts paid in foreign
currencies which is determined on the basis of dividing total value reflected
at the Debit side of monetary accounts by the amount of foreign currency actually
available as of the payment date.
2. Monetary entries carrying a value in foreign
currencies
These accounts or items refer to assets recovered
in foreign currencies or liabilities paid in foreign currencies. Monetary
entries carrying a value in foreign currencies may include:
a) Cash, cash equivalents, (either definite or
indefinite term) bank deposits in foreign currencies;
b) Receivables, liabilities carrying value in a
specified foreign currency, except:
- Advance payments to sellers and expenses paid in
advance in a specified foreign currency. Where there is firm evidence that a
seller is unable to supply goods or services, and that the contracting entity
will have to get back advances in a foreign currency, these accounts shall be
defined as monetary entries carrying value in foreign currencies.
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c) Down payments, collateral pledges or deposits in
foreign currency cash or cash equivalents that can be got back; down payments,
collateral pledges or deposits in foreign currency cash or cash equivalents
that have to be paid back.
3. Application of exchange rates of all types to
recording of transactions in the accounting book, preparation and presentation
of financial statements.
a) When transactions in a foreign currency arise,
the actual exchange rate quoted as of the date on which these transactions
arise shall be used for conversion into the currency unit used for recording
transactions in the accounting book with respect to accounts reflecting assets,
liabilities, owner's capital, expenses and other income. Certain other cases
shall be prescribed in detail as follows:
- Upon receipt of advance payments made by buyers,
income equivalent to the amount of such advance payments shall be subject to
the rate quoted at the date of receipt;
- Where expenses paid in advance are allocated to
related costs incurred during the accounting period, such expenses shall be
recognized at the rate determined at the date on which advance payments are
made;
- Where purchased assets and costs are associated
with advance payment transaction with sellers, asset value equivalent to the
amount of such advance payment shall be calculated at the rate quoted on the
date of making advance payment to sellers.
b) When transactions in foreign currencies arise,
the nominal book exchange rate shall be used for conversion into the currency
unit to record transactions in the accounting book:
- Credit A/C receivables (except receipt of advance
payments from buyers) or Credit A/C reflecting collateral deposits, pledges and
prepaid expenses;
- Debit A/C payables (except for transactions in
which sellers are paid in advance).
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4. Accounting principles
a) Exchange differences that arise from payments
made during the accounting period and revaluation of monetary entries carrying
value in foreign currencies at end of the accounting record shall be recorded
in financial revenues (in case of profit generated) or financial expenses (in
case of losses incurred), carried forward to make an increase or reduction in
oil and gas operating expenses (if allocated to recoverable costs) or
recognized as exchange differences (in the A/C 413) of the balance sheet
(unless allocated to recoverable costs).
b) Subject to the decision granted by the
Contractor or competent authority, accountants shall carry over exchange
differences (in the A/C 413) to make any increase or decrease in the portion of
paid-in capital of parties or the portion of unrecoverable costs.
5. Method of accounting for exchange differences
a) Accounting for exchange differences that arise
from payments made during the accounting period.
- When losses or profits arise, the entries are
recorded as follows:
+ Recording profits earned from the exchange rate:
Debit relevant A/Cs
Credit A/C 515 - Revenue earned from financial
transactions.
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Debit A/C 635 – Financial expenses
Credit relevant A/Cs.
- Where profits or losses are charged to
recoverable costs, accountants shall immediately carry over exchange rate
profits or losses to adjust oil and gas operating costs as of the date on which
these profits or losses arise:
+ Carrying over exchange rate profits and recording
a reduction in oil and gas operating costs in the following entries:
Debit A/C 515 - Revenue earned from financial
transactions
Debit A/C 246, 247, 248, 642.
+ Carrying over exchange rate losses and recording an
increase in oil and gas operating costs in the following entries:
Debit A/C 246, 247, 248, 642
Debit A/C 635 – Financial expenses.
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+ Carrying over exchange rate profits by posting
the following entries:
Debit A/C 515 - Revenue earned from financial
transactions
Credit 413 - Exchange differences.
+ Carrying over exchange rate losses by posting the
following entries:
Debit 413 - Exchange differences.
Credit A/C 635 – Financial expenses.
- If otherwise prescribed by the oil and gas
agreement, terms and conditions of that oil and gas agreement shall prevail.
b) Accounting for revaluation of closing monetary
entries carrying value in foreign currencies
- At end of the accounting period, when revaluating
monetary entries carrying value in foreign currencies:
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Debit relevant A/Cs
Credit A/C 515 - Revenue earned from financial
transactions.
+ If losses are incurred, the following entries
shall be recorded:
Debit A/C 635 – Financial expenses
Credit relevant A/Cs.
- Under specific circumstances when they are deemed
as recoverable on unrecoverable costs, accountants shall carry out accounting
treatment of exchange differences as prescribed in point a clause 5 of this
Article. If otherwise prescribed by the oil and gas agreement, terms and
conditions of that oil and gas agreement shall prevail.
c) When Contractor parties or competent authorities
make a decision on accounting treatment of exchange differences in which these
differences are not charged to recoverable costs, after consulting that
decision, accountants must record:
- If exchange differences are allocated to paid-in
capital of parties:
+ Carrying over exchange rate profits by posting
the following entries:
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Credit A/C 3411, 4111.
+ Carrying over exchange rate losses by posting the
following entries:
Debit A/C 3411, 4111.
Credit 413 - Exchange differences.
- If exchange differences are directly allocated to
unrecoverable costs:
+ Carrying over exchange rate profits by posting the
following entries:
Debit 413 - Exchange differences
Credit A/C 249 – Unrecoverable costs.
+ Carrying over exchange rate losses by posting the
following entries:
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Credit 413 - Exchange differences.
Article 17. Accounting for
costs of clearing production wells
Accounting principles
a) The O&G Operator shall act on behalf of
parties to the oil and gas agreement to assume responsibility for clearing
production wells and restoring the original site in accordance with laws upon
termination of the oil and gas agreement.
b) On a periodic basis, as from the date of
commencement of commercial oil and gas production, the O&G Operator must
provide margins to the host country (represented by PVN) as the reserve fund to
secure financial obligations concerning clearing of immovable facilities and
equipment used in oil and gas production activities within the territory of
Vietnam.
c) When depositing money in the PVN’s escrow
account, the O&G Operator shall also be entitled to set aside the reserve
fund as security for financial obligations and record it in costs incurred at
the extraction stage.
d) Setting aside, usage and settlement of the
reserve fund must be monitored in detail where appropriate for specific oil and
gas agreements.
dd) Where the amount of reserve fund used for
securing financial obligations is greater than the realized amount of costs
paid for such clearing activity, the residual amount shall be treated as
follows:
- If all costs have been fully recovered, the residual
amount of the reserve fund after discharge of obligations to the State Budget
shall be re-distributed to parties according to profit oil distribution
principles;
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2. Method of recording certain major transactions
in the accounting book
a) Upon setting aside the reserve fund to secure
financial obligations concerning clearing of production wells, the following
entries shall be recorded:
Debit A/C 248 – Oil and gas extraction costs
Credit A/C 335 - Costs payable.
b) When the O&G Operator provides margins as
security for financial obligations put under the authority of PVN, the
following entries shall be recorded:
Debit A/C 244 – Collateral deposits or pledges
Credit A/C 112 – Bank deposits.
c) When actual costs of clearing of production
wells are incurred, the following entries shall be recorded:
Debit A/C 335 – Prepaid expenses
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d) When getting back margins from PVN to pay any
costs of clearing of production wells arising, the following entries shall be
recorded:
Debit A/C 112 – Bank deposits
Credit A/C 244 – Collateral deposits or pledges.
dd) Payment of costs already incurred from clearing
of production wells shall be recorded as follows:
Debit A/C 331- Payables to sellers
Credit A/C 112 – Bank deposits.
e) Upon completion of clearing of oil and gas
production wells, if the reserve fund for securing financial obligations is not
used up, the residual amount shall be handled as follows:
- f) Where oil and gas operating costs have not
been fully recovered, the O&G Operator must record a decrease in extraction
costs equivalent to the residual amount of reserve fund which has not been
used, the following entries must be recorded:
Debit A/C 335 - Costs payable
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- Where oil and gas operating costs have been fully
recovered, the O&G Operator shall record the residual amount of reserve
fund as payables to parties in the following specific cases:
+ Where the O&G Operator is obliged to act on
behalf of Contractor parties to remit the portion of profit paid to the host
country to the State Budget:
When getting back margins from PVN, the following
entries shall be posted:
Debit A/C 112 – Bank deposits (the amount of margin
returned from PVN from which the amount payable has not been deducted)
Credit A/C 244 – Collateral deposits or pledges.
When determining the amount of payment to the State
Budget, the following entries shall be recorded:
Debit A/C 335 - Costs payable
Credit A/C 333 - Taxes and accounts payable to the
State Budget.
When payment is made directly to the State Budget,
the following entries shall be posted:
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Credit A/C 112 – Bank deposits.
+ Where PVN acts on behalf of the O&G Operator
to pay in the amount of profit to which the host country is entitled, upon
getting back margins from PVN, the following entries shall be posted:
Debit A/C 112 – Bank deposits (the amount of margin
returned from PVN from which the amount payable to the State Budget has been
deducted)
Debit A/C 335 - Costs payable
Credit A/C 244 – Collateral deposits or pledges.
- The residual amount of reserve fund used as
security for financial obligations which is recognized as other payables to
Contractor parties, and from which the amount of profit paid to the host
country has been deducted, shall be posted to the following accounts:
Debit A/C 335 - Costs payable
Credit A/C 338 – Other payables (Details thereof
provided for specific Contractor parties).
- Upon payment of the amount of money derived from
the reserve fund used to secure financial obligations to Contractor parties or
the operator Parent company, the following entries shall be posted:
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Credit A/C 112 – Bank deposits.
Article 18. Accounting for
administrative overhead costs
1. Accounting principles
a) Administrative overhead costs are costs incurred
from operations of the office of the O&G Operator where appropriate for
specific oil and gas agreements. Administrative overhead costs are costs indirectly
associated with oil and gas prospecting, exploration, resource volume estimate,
development and extraction activities. On a periodic basis, administrative
overhead costs shall be allocated to costs of oil and gas prospecting,
exploration, resource volume estimate, development and extraction activities
where appropriate for terms and conditions of specific oil and gas agreements
and characteristics of the O&G Operator. Administrative overhead costs may
be paid for the followings:
- Wages and salaries paid to staff working in the
office of the O&G Operator;
- Leased assets of the office of the O&G
Operator;
- Outsourced services of the office of the O&G
Operator;
- Other administrative activities of the office of
the O&G Operator.
b) The O&G Operator must consolidate and keep
track of details of administrative overhead costs in accordance with specific
oil and gas agreements in order to finalize accounts with Contractor parties to
the oil and gas agreement. Where the O&G Operator executes multiple oil and
gas agreements but fails to keep separate accounts of administrative overhead
costs for each oil and gas agreement, such administrative overhead costs shall
be allocated according to the formula as appropriate under terms and conditions
of the oil and gas agreement and for Contractor parties to the oil and gas
agreement.
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- When calculating wages, salaries or benefits paid
to employees working for the O&G Operator, the following entries shall be
posted:
Debit Account 642 – Administrative overhead costs
Credit A/C 334 – Payables to employees.
- When social, health and unemployment insurance
contributions are charged to administrative overhead costs, the following
entries shall be posted:
Debit Account 642 – Administrative overhead costs
Credit A/C 338 – Other payables.
- When purchasing raw materials, tools or
instruments immediately used for operations of the office of the O&G
Operator without being held in inventory, the following entries shall be
posted:
Debit Account 642 – Administrative overhead costs
Debit A/C 133 – Deductible VAT
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- When dispatching raw materials, tools or
instruments out of inventory for use in operations of the O&G Operator, the
following entries shall be posted:
Debit Account 642 – Administrative overhead costs
Credit A/C 152, 153.
- When purchasing raw materials, tools or
instruments for use in operations of the O&G Operator by advances paid to
employees, the following entries shall be posted:
Debit Account 642 – Administrative overhead costs
Debit A/C 133 – Deductible VAT
Credit A/C 141 - Advances.
Credit A/C 111, 112.
- Other charges for outsourced services supplied to
the O&G Operator, including electricity, water, telephone bills, office
rentals, fees for lease of vehicles or other costs shall be recorded in the
following entries:
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Debit A/C 133 – Deductible VAT
Credit A/C 111, 112, 331.
- On a periodic basis, the O&G Operator shall allocate
administrative overhead costs to oil and gas prospecting, exploration,
development and extraction costs by posting the following entries:
Debit A/C 246, 247, 248
Credit Account 642 – Administrative overhead costs.
Article 19. Regulations on
preparation and presentation of financial statements
1. General regulations on preparation and
presentation of financial statements
a) The O&G Operator shall prepare and present
financial statements as prescribed by the oil and gas agreement.
b) Upon preparing and presenting Balance sheets,
the O&G Operator shall adopt the template referred to in the Appendix 2
hereto and shall be entitled to add more components defined in the corporate
accounting policy on demand without being subject to the Ministry of Finance’s
consent. Contents, and method of codifying components of, the Balance sheet,
must comply with regulations set forth in the applicable corporate accounting
policy and additional instructions given in clause 2 of this Article. The
O&G Operator shall be entitled to designate numerical codes to components
where appropriate for nature and status of operations.
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d) The O&G Operator shall use the notes to
financial statement referred to in the applicable corporate accounting policy
to prepare and present the notes to its financial statement. For the purposes
of these notes, the O&G Operator must explain in detail whether the amount
of prospecting, exploration, development and extraction costs is approved by
PVN’s auditors as recoverable costs or unrecoverable costs. Contents and method
of codifying components of the notes to a financial statement must conform to
regulations laid down in the applicable corporate accounting policy.
2. Guidance on contents and method of codifying
components of the Balance sheet
Supplement and provide guidance on contents, and
method of codifying certain particular components of, the Balance sheet in
comparison with the applicable corporate accounting policy. With respect to
those components which are not prescribed by this Circular, the O&G
Operator shall comply with regulations set forth in the applicable corporate
accounting policy.
a) Prospecting, exploration and resource volume
estimate costs
This component reflects costs incurred during the
prospecting, exploration and resource volume estimate process which are accrued
till end of the reporting period. Data inputs in the component “Prospecting,
exploration and resource volume estimate costs” are based on the debit balance
of Account 246 “Prospecting, exploration and resource volume estimate costs”
recorded in the Ledger or Journal-Ledger.
b) Oil and gas development costs
This component reflects costs incurred during the
oil and gas development process which are accrued till end of the reporting
period. Data inputs in the component “Oil and gas development costs” are based
on the debit balance of Account 247 “Oil and gas development costs” recorded in
the Ledger or Journal-Ledger.
c) Extraction costs
This component reflects costs incurred during the
oil and gas extraction process which are accrued till end of the reporting
period. Data inputs in the component “Oil and gas extraction costs” are based
on the debit balance of Account 248 “Oil and gas extraction costs” recorded in
the Ledger or Journal-Ledger.
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This component reflects the amount of costs which
are not recovered as prescribed by the oil and gas agreement, and costs which
are suspended or eliminated during an audit according to the audit report
prepared by PVN till end of the reporting period. Data inputs in the component
“Unrecoverable costs” are based on the debit balance of Account 249
“Unrecoverable costs” recorded in the Ledger or Journal-Ledger.
dd) Recoverable costs
This component reflects the amount of costs
incurred at prospecting, exploration and resource volume estimate stages; oil
and gas development and extraction stages, which has already been recovered
through the cost oil produced till end of the reporting period. Data inputs in
this component are recorded in negative numbers within the bracket (…). Data
inputs in the component “Recoverable costs” are based on the credit balance of
Account 251 “Recoverable costs” recorded in the Ledger or Journal-Ledger.
e) Paid-in capital of other Contractor parties
This component reflects the amount of paid-in
capital of other Contractor parties other than the operator Parent company
arising as of the reporting date. Data inputs in the component “Paid-in capital
of other Contractor parties” are credit balances of the Account 3411 “Paid-in
capital of other Contractor parties” recorded in the detailed accounting book
of the Account 3411.
g) Paid-in capital recovered by other Contractor
parties
This component reflects the amount of paid-in
capital of other Contractor parties which has been offset by the cost oil
produced as of the reporting date. Data inputs in this component are recorded
in negative numbers within the bracket (…). Data inputs in the component
“Paid-in capital recovered by Contractor parties” are detailed debit balances
of the Account 3412 “Paid-in capital recovered by Contractor parties” recorded
in the detailed accounting book of the Account 3412.
h) Paid-in capital of the operator Parent company
This component reflects the amount of paid-in
capital of the operator Contractor company arising as of the reporting date.
Data inputs in the component “Paid-in capital of the operator Contractor
company” are detailed credit balances of the Account 4111 “Paid-in capital of
the operator Parent company” recorded in the detailed accounting book of the
Account 4111.
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This component reflects the amount of paid-in
capital of the operator Parent company which has been offset by the cost oil
produced as of the reporting date. Data inputs in this component are recorded in
negative numbers within the bracket (…). Data inputs in the component “Paid-in
capital recovered by the operator Contractor company” are detailed debit
balances of the Account 4112 “Paid-in capital recovered by the operator Parent
company” recorded in the detailed accounting book of the Account 4112.
3. Addressee of financial statements
Financial statements of the O&G Operator must
be submitted to the provincial Department of Tax, authorities granting
investment licenses, provincial Statistical Offices and other entities in
accordance with laws and regulations.
Chapter III
IMPLEMENTATION
Article 20. Implementary
provisions
1. This Circular shall enter into force from
January 1, 2015. The O&G Operator of which/whom the applicable accounting policy
was approved by the Ministry of Finance before the date of entry into force of
this Circular must comply with regulations laid down in this Circular. With
respect to oil and gas agreements repealed before December 31, 2016, the
O&G Operator shall continue to apply the accounting policy approved by the
Ministry of Finance.
2. The O&G Operator, and individual or
organizational entities concerned, shall be responsible for implementing this
Circular. In the course of implementation, if there is any difficulty that
arises, the Ministry of Finance must be informed to take timely actions./.
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PP. THE
MINISTER
THE DEPUTY MINISTER
Tran Xuan Ha
APPENDIX 01
CHART OF ACCOUNTS FOR OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
OPERATORS
(Issued together with the Circular No. 107 /2014/TT – BTC of the Ministry of
Finance dated August 8, 2014)
No.
A/C NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
REMARKS
TIER 1
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1
2
3
4
5
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TYPE 1
SHORT-TERM ASSETS
01
111
Cash
Details provided upon managerial demands
02
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Bank deposits
Details provided upon managerial demands
03
113
Cash in transit
Details provided upon managerial demands
04
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Trade receivables
05
133
Deductible VAT
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1331
VAT on purchase of goods and services
1332
VAT on purchase of fixed assets
06
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Intra-company receivables
07
138
Others
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1381
Shortage of assets awaiting resolution
1388
Others
08
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Allowances for doubtful debts
09
141
Advances
Details provided by specific entities
10
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Short-term prepaid expenses
11
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Purchased goods in transit
Details provided upon managerial demands
12
152
Raw materials
Details provided upon managerial demands
13
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Tools and supplies
Details provided upon managerial demands
TYPE 2
LONG-TERM ASSETS
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242
Long-term prepaid expenses
15
244
Collateral deposits, pledges
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246
Prospecting and exploration costs
Details provided upon managerial demands
17
247
Oil and gas development costs
Details provided upon managerial demands
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248
Extraction costs
Details provided upon managerial demands
19
249
Unrecoverable costs
Details provided upon managerial demands
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251
Recoverable costs
Details provided upon managerial demands
TYPE 3
LIABILITIES
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21
311
Short-term loans
22
331
Payables to sellers
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23
333
Taxes and charges payable to the State Budget
3331
VAT
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33311
Output VAT
33312
VAT on imports
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3333
Import, export duty
3334
CIT
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3335
Personal income tax
3336
Natural resources tax
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3337
Foreign contractor taxes
3338
Other taxes
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3339
Fees, charges and other payables
24
334
Payables to employees
...
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3341
Payables to staff
3348
Payables to other employees
...
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25
335
Accrued expenses
26
338
Other payables
...
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3381
Surplus of assets awaiting resolution
3383
Social insurance
...
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3384
Health insurance
3386
Short-term collateral pledges, deposits
...
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3389
Unemployment insurance
27
341
Paid-in capital of other Contractor parties
...
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3411
Paid-in capital of other Contractor parties
3412
Paid-in capital recovered by other Contractor
parties
...
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28
344
Long-term deposits and pledges received
29
352
Allowances for payables
...
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30
353
Bonus and welfare fund
3531
Bonus fund
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3532
Welfare fund
TYPE 4
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31
411
Paid-in capital of the operator Parent company
4111
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4112
Paid-in capital recovered by the operator Parent
company
32
413
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TYPE 5
REVENUE
33
515
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Revenue gained from financial transactions
TYPE 6
PRODUCTION AND BUSINESS COSTS
34
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Financial expenses
35
642
Administrative overhead costs
...
...
...
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TYPE 7
OTHER INCOME
36
711
Other income
...
...
...
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TYPE 8
OTHER EXPENSES
37
811
Other expenses
...
...
...
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APPENDIX 02
BALANCE SHEET
Compiled as at
the date:……
(Issued together
with the Circular No. 107 /2014/TT – BTC of the Ministry of Finance dated August
8, 2014)
ASSETS
Numbers
Notes
Quantity at the
year end
...
...
...
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1
2
3
4
5
A. Short-term assets
...
...
...
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I. Cash and cash equivalents
1. Cash
...
...
...
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2. Cash equivalents
II. Short-term receivables
...
...
...
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1. Trade receivables
2. Advance payments to sellers
...
...
...
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III. Inventory
- Inventory
...
...
...
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VI. Other short-term assets
1. Short-term prepaid expenses
...
...
...
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2. Deductible VAT
3. Taxes and others receivable from the State
Budget
...
...
...
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4. Other short-term assets
B. Long-term assets
...
...
...
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1. Prospecting and exploration costs
2. Oil and gas development costs
...
...
...
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3. Extraction costs
4. Unrecoverable costs
...
...
...
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5. Recoverable costs
6. Long-term prepaid expenses
...
...
...
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7. Other long-term assets
TOTAL ASSET
...
...
...
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SOURCE OF CAPITAL
A. Liabilities
...
...
...
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1. Paid-in capital of other Contractor parties
- Paid-in capital of other Contractor parties
...
...
...
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- Paid-in capital recovered by other Contractor
parties
2. Payables to sellers
...
...
...
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3. Taxes and charges payable to the State Budget
4. Payables to employees
...
...
...
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5. Accrued expenses
6. Other payables
...
...
...
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7. Allowances for payables
8. Bonus and welfare fund
...
...
...
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9. Other long-term payables
B. Owner’s equity
...
...
...
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1. Paid-in capital of the operator Parent company
- Paid-in capital of the operator Parent company
...
...
...
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- Paid-in capital recovered by the operator
Parent company
2. Exchange rate differences
...
...
...
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TOTAL EQUITY