THE MINISTRY OF
FINANCE
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SOCIALIST REPUBLIC
OF VIET NAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No. 153/2003/QD-BTC
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Hanoi, September
22, 2003
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DECISION
PROMULGATING
THE SYSTEM OF SUPERVISORY INDICATORS FOR INSURERS
THE MINISTER OF FINANCE
Pursuant to the Law on Insurance Business
dated 9 December 2000;
Pursuant to Decree No. 77/2003/ND-CP of the Government dated 1 July 2003 on the
functions, duties, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of
Finance;
Pursuant to Decree No. 42/2001/ND-CP of the Government dated 1 August 2001
providing guidelines for implementation of a number of articles of the Law on
Insurance Business;
Pursuant to Decree No. 43/2001/ND-CP of the Government dated 1 August 2001 on
the financial regime for insurers and insurance brokers;
Pursuant to Decision No. 175/2003/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister of the
Government dated 29 August 2003 approving the strategy for development of the
Vietnamese insurance market from year 2003 to year 2010;
Pursuant to Circular No. 71/2001/TT-BTC of the Ministry of Finance dated 28
August 2001 providing guidelines for implementation of Decree No. 42 mentioned
above; and pursuant to Circular No. 72/2001/TT-BTC of the Ministry of Finance
dated 28 August 2001 providing guidelines for implementation of the financial
regime for insurers and insurance brokers;
On the proposal of the Director of the Insurance Department,
DECIDES:
Article 1. To
issue with this Decision the system of supervisory indicators for insurers.
Article 2. The
system of supervisory indicators for insurers issued with this Decision shall apply
to all insurers operating pursuant to the Law on Insurance Business No. 24/2000/QH-10
dated 9 December 2000.
Article 3. Insurers
shall be responsible to calculate the supervisory indicators and to forward the
results to the Ministry of Finance at the same time as they are required by the
current regulations to forward their annual financial reports.
If the results of an insurer’s calculations
using the indicators contain unusual fluctuations, the insurer must immediately
report same to the Ministry of Finance with an explanation of the factors
causing the fluctuations, and take prompt measures to regularize and remedy the
fluctuations.
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Article 5. This
Decision shall be of full force and effect after fifteen days from the date of
its proclamation in the Official Gazette. The system of supervisory indicators
for insurers shall apply as from the 2003 financial year.
Article 6. The
Director of the Insurance Department, the head of the Office of the Ministry of
Finance and heads of other units concerned shall be responsible to inspect and
supervise implementation of this Decision.
FOR THE MINISTER OF
FINANCE
DEPUTY MINISTER
Le Thi Bang Tam
SYSTEM OF
SUPERVISORY INDICATORS FOR INSURERS
(Issued
with Decision No. 153/2003/QD-BTC of the Minister of Finance dated 22 September
2003)
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. Objectives of putting into practice the
system of supervisory indicators for insurers:
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2. Applicable entities:
The system of supervisory indicators for
insurers shall apply to insurers operating pursuant to the Law on Insurance
Business No. 24/2000/QH-10 dated 9 December 2000, comprising: State insurance
enterprises; shareholding insurance companies; mutual insurance organizations;
joint venture insurance enterprises; and insurance enterprises with 100%
foreign owned capital.
II. SYSTEM OF
SUPERVISORY INDICATORS FOR INSURERS
1. Supervisory Indicators applicable to
Non-Life Insurers:
GROUP OF INDICATORS
ON GENERAL OPERATIONS
1.1 Indicator on changes in capital sources
and funds
The extent of movement in capital sources and
funds between the previous year and the current year is an important indicator
determining the level of improvement or worsening of an insurer’s financial
capacity in any one year.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator:
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=
Difference between capital sources and
funds in the current year and in the previous year
Capital sources and funds in the previous
year
1.2 Indicator of total premium revenue over
capital sources and funds
The capital sources and funds of an insurer
have the role of creating reserve funds to cover losses which are larger than
average and which are too large to pay from the professional reserves. This
indicator, namely total premium revenue over capital sources and funds,
assesses the degree of sufficiency of these reserve funds (excluding
reinsurance). The larger the value of this indicator the greater the insurer’s
risk that its capital sources and funds will be unable to cope with any unusual
fluctuations in losses.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of total premium revenue over
capital sources and funds
=
Total premium revenue
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1.3 Indicator of net premium revenue over
capital sources and funds
The capital sources and funds of an insurer
have the role of creating reserve funds to cover losses which are larger than
average. This indicator, namely net premium revenue over capital sources and
funds, assesses the degree of sufficiency of these reserve funds (including
reinsurance). The larger the value of this indicator the greater the insurer’s
risk that its capital sources and funds will be unable to cope with any unusual
fluctuations in losses.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of net premium revenue over
capital sources and funds
=
Net premium revenue
Capital sources and funds
1.4 Indicator of movement in net premium
revenue
Large changes in net premium revenue over a
number of years are often a sign of instability in the business operations of
an insurer. A sudden increase in premium revenue can be a sign that an insurer
is hurriedly selling new types of insurance or hurrying into new operational
sectors without considering the business consequences. Side by side with that,
a sudden increase in premium revenue can also be a sign that an insurer is trying
to increase cash flow so as to discharge its liability to make indemnity
payments on contracts previously entered into. A large drop in premium revenue can
be a sign that an insurer has stopped selling some types of products and
curtailed the scope of the insurance it provides due to large losses in one
type of product or due to loss of its market share to competitors.
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Indicator of
movement in net premium revenue
=
Net premium revenue
in current year
less
Net premium revenue in previous year
Net premium revenue
in previous year
1.5 Indicator of additional capital over
capital sources and funds
The use of fixed reinsurance contracts in
order to obtain additional capital may be a sign that an insurer’s capital sources
and funds are insufficient. If the greater part of an insurer’s capital sources
and funds have been formed from items being additional capital received from
reinsurance, then the insurer’s solvency may be effected if reinsurers fail to
co-operate or run into financial difficulty.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator:
Additional capital
over capital sources and funds
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Additional capital
Capital sources and
funds
In which:
Additional capital = Commission from
reinsurance ceded divided by Premiums of reinsurance ceded multiplied by 40% of
Premiums of reinsurance ceded
1.6. Indicator of indemnity ratio
The indemnity ratio is one of the indicators
which shows the quality of an insurer’s operation and risk management. It is
one of the two factors which make up the combined ratio indicator, and it
substantially effects the insurance business results of an insurer (excluding results
from investment activities). A high indemnity ratio may cause an insurer to suffer
a loss in its insurance business activities which in turn will effect the
financial capacity of the insurer.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of
indemnity Ratio
=
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Net earned premium
1.7 Indicator of ratio of insurance business
operational expenses
The expenses ratio is one of the indicators which
shows the ability of an insurer to be competitive by keeping expenses at a
reasonable level but still running an effective business. The expenses ratio is
one of the two indicators (the indemnity ratio being the other) which form the
combined ratio, and therefore effects the insurance business results of an
insurer (excluding results from investment activities). A high expenses ratio will
reduce an insurer’s competitiveness and will also have a disadvantageous effect
on profit made from the insurance business activities of the insurer.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of ratio of operational expenses
of insurance business
=
Total operational expenses of insurance
business
Net premium revenue
GROUP OF INDICATORS
ON PROFIT
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The combined ratio is the most comprehensive indicator
for knowing the insurance business results of an insurer (excluding results
from financial investment activities). In the long term, the insurance business
results of an insurer is the principal and decisive factor for the financial
stability and solvency of an insurer. This indicator is the combination of the
two indicators being the indemnity ratio, and the ratio of insurance business
operational expenses.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of
Combined Ratio
=
Indemnity ratio
+
Ratio of insurance
business operational expenses
1.9. Indicator of investment profit rate
This indicator of the investment profit rate
assesses the effectiveness of the asset investment activities of an insurer, and
is an important factor contributing to the general profit of an enterprise.
This indicator also shows the general quality of an insurer’s investment
portfolio.
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Indicator of
investment profit rate
=
2 x Net income from
investment activities in the current year
Cash plus
investment assets in the current year and in the previous year less Net
income from investment activities in the current year
GROUP OF INDICATOR ON
LIQUIDITY
1.10 Indicator of debts over liquid assets
This indicator of debts over liquid assets is
the gauge of an insurer’s ability to satisfy the financial demands made on it.
This indicator also resolves satisfactorily the question whether an insurer would
be able to pay out all its insureds if the insurer had to be compulsorily
dissolved.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of debts
over liquid assets
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Total debts
Liquid assets
1.11 Indicator of premium debts over capital
sources and funds
This indicator of premium debts over capital
sources and funds shows the level of dependency of an insurer’s solvency on one
type of asset which is usually not convertible into cash (receivables being
original premiums) in the case of an enterprise being dissolved. In addition,
this indicator is also relatively effective in the classification of
enterprises which are operating healthily on the one hand and those which have
problems.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of premium
debts over capital sources and funds
=
Receivables being
original/base premiums
Capital sources and
funds
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1.12 Indicator of indemnity reserve over net
earned premium
This indicator compares the relationship
between the indemnity reserve actually established and net earned premium, in
order to verify whether or not the insurer has set up a reserve which is
adequate to meet the claims for which it is liable.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of
indemnity reserve over earned premium
=
Indemnity reserve
Net earned premium
2. Supervisory Indicators applicable to Life
Insurers:
GROUP OF INDICATORS
ON GENERAL OPERATIONS
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The extent of movement in capital sources and
funds between the previous year and the current year is an important indicator
determining the level of improvement or worsening of an insurer’s financial
capacity in a year.
This indicator shall be calculated as follows:
Indicator on
changes in capital sources funds
=
Difference between
capital sources and funds in the current year and in the previous year
Capital sources and
funds in the previous year
2.2. Indicator of ratio of insurance business
operational expenses
The business expenses ratio (excluding
expenses being commission) is one of the indicators which shows the ability of
an insurer to be competitive by keeping expenses at a reasonable level but
still running an effective business. A high expenses ratio will reduce an
insurer’s competitiveness and will also have a disadvantageous effect on profit
made from the insurance business activities of the insurer.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
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=
Business expenses
(excluding commission)
Net premium revenue
2.3. Indicator of ratio of insurance
commissions
This indicator of the ratio of insurance
commissions is made up of three indicators: namely the ratio of insurance commissions
in the initial year, the ratio of insurance commissions on renewals, and the
ratio of insurance commissions on one-off premium payment contracts. This
indicator identifies the level of commission paid to agents of an insurer as compared
to the insurer’s premium revenue.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of ratio
of insurance commissions in initial year
=
Insurance
commissions in initial year
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Indicator of ratio
of insurance commissions on renewals
=
Insurance
commissions in second year
+
Insurance
commissions on renewals
Premium revenue
from renewals
Indicator of ratio
of insurance commissions on one-off premium payment contracts
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Insurance
commissions on one-off premium payment contracts
One-off premium
payments
2.4 Indicator of ratio of payment of assured
sums2
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Amount of assured
sums paid ± Increase (decrease) in the mathematical reserve and indemnity
reserve
Indicator of ratio
of payment of assured sums
=
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In which: Profit from investments from
reserves: i x (Vo + V1) x ½
(i): Investment interest rate based on the
interest rate for 10 year Government bonds.
(Vo): Mathematical reserve and indemnity
reserve at the beginning of the period.
(V1): Mathematical reserve and indemnity
reserve at the end of the period.
2.5 Indicator of ratio of retained contracts
This indicator shall only be applied in order
to calculate the ratio of retained contracts being individual insurance
contracts, and shall not apply to group insurance contracts or to contracts for
which the premium is paid on one occasion. The ratio of retained contracts may be
calculated separately for whole of life insurance products and for combined insurance.
This indicator of ratio of retained contracts shall be used to assess the quality
of an insurer’s operations.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Ratio of retained
contracts
=
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Total premium
revenue in the previous year
GROUP OF INDICATORS
ON OPERATIONAL CHANGES
2.6. Indicator of changes in the structure of
insurance products
This indicator, being changes in the
structure of insurance products, shows the average change in the percentage of total
premium figure for each type of insurance product. The higher the value of this
indicator the larger the fluctuations in an insurer’s structure of insurance
products, therefore requiring the insurer to take appropriate management
methods so that always remains in control of the situation and ensures the
stability of its operations.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Insurance product
Premium in current
year
(1)
Percentage of total
premium in current year
(2)
Premium in previous
year
(3)
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Column (2) less
Column (4) %
(5)
I. Individual insurance contracts
(a) Whole of life insurance
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(b) Endowment insurance
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(d) Combined insurance
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(e) Periodical payments insurance
II. Group insurance contracts
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(a) Whole of life insurance
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(c) Death benefit insurance
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(d) Combined insurance
(e) Periodical payments insurance
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III. Total premium figure
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2.7 Indicator of changes in asset structure
This indicator, being changes in asset
structure, shows the average change in the percentage value of each type of
asset. The higher the value of this indicator the larger the fluctuations in an
insurer’s asset structure, therefore requiring the insurer to take appropriate management
methods so that it always remains in control of the situation and ensures the stability
of its investment activities.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Type
of asset
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Percentage of total
asset value in current year
(2)
Asset value in
previous year
(3)
Percentage of total
asset value in previous year
(4)
Column (2) less
Column (4) %
(5)
1. Government bonds
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Under 1 year
From 1 to 5 years
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From 5 to 10 years
Above 10 5 years
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2. Company bonds
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Under 1 year
From 1 to 5 years
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From 5 to 10 years
Above 10 5 years
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3. Listed shares
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4. Unlisted shares
5. Lending secured by mortgage
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6. Real property being head office
7. Other real estate
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8. Lending under insurance contracts
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9. Joint venture capital contribution
10. Investments in associated companies
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11. Deposits
12. Cash and short-term investments
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13. Other investments
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14. Total value of assets
15. Total value of index (column 5)
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2.8. Indicator of changes in reserves
This indicator, namely changes in reserves,
expresses the difference as a percentage between the figure for the reserves in
the current year and the figure for the reserves in the previous year. The
indicator being the changes in reserves for each year is calculated by dividing
the items for increased reserves on individual insurance contacts by the total
amount for renewal premiums plus one-off premiums paid on individual insurance
contracts.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of
mathematical reserve, current year
=
Item being increase
in the mathematical reserve in the current year
Renewal premiums
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One-off premiums in
current year
Indicator of
reserves in previous year
=
Item being increase
in the mathematical reserve in the previous year
Renewal premiums
+
One-off premiums in
the previous year
Indicator of
changes in reserves
=
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-
Indicator of
reserves in previous year
GROUP OF INDICATORS
ON LIQUIDITY
2.9. Indicator of liquidity
The liquidity indicator compares total debts
with liquid assets (cash and all assets which are readily convertible into
cash).
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Liquidity indicator
=
Total debts
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2.10 Indicator of ratio of investments in
associated companies
This indicator of the ratio of investments in
associated companies is calculated as a percentage, being the figure for the value
of assets invested in associated companies (including invested capital and receivables
from associated companies) over the figure for the insurer’s capital sources and
funds. Associated companies means an entity within a Corporation’s system, or
any one section [or department] which via one or more intermediary
organizations either directly or indirectly controls, or is controlled by, or
is under the regular control of the company preparing the report. An associated
company may be a head company, a subsidiary company, a member company, a joint
venture company or a limited liability company. The higher this indicator of
the ratio of investments in associated companies, the lower the liquidity of
the insurer.
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of Ratio
of investments in associated companies
=
Investments in
associated companies
+
Receivables from
associated companies
Capital sources and
funds
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2.11 Indicator of credit solvency
This payment [or settlement] indicator is calculated
as a percentage, being the figure for the capital sources and funds determining
the credit solvency margin of the insurer over the figure being the minimum
credit solvency margin as stipulated in the current regulations. The capital
sources and funds in order to determine the solvency margin are capital sources
plus funds less the figure for capital contribution in other insurers and irrecoverable
debts. The minimum solvency margin is the total of 4% of the insurance reserves
plus 0.1% of the sums insured which carry risks (applicable to contracts with a
term of less than 10 years) or plus 0.3% of the sums insured which carry risks
(applicable to contracts with a term of over 10 years).
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Indicator of credit
solvency
=
Capital sources and
funds determining the solvency margin
Minimum solvency
margin
2.12 Indicator of adjusted capital sources
and funds over total debts
This indicator of adjusted capital sources
and funds over total debts is one of several indicators which assess an
insurer’s financial capacity. Adjusted capital sources and funds means the value
of an insurer’s capital sources plus funds after they have been adjusted
downwards [by subtracting] non-liquid assets.
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Adjusted capital
sources plus funds and funds over total debts
=
Indicator of
adjusted capital sources
Total debts
GROUP OF INDICATORS
ON PROFIT
2.13 Indicator on profit
The profit indicator is the most
comprehensive indicator for showing the operational results of an insurer
(including the results from financial investment activities).
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Profit indicator
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Profit (also
including profit from investments)
Net premium revenue
+
Profit from
financial operations
2.14 Indicator of assets investment profit
rate
This indicator of assets investment profit
rate shall be used to assess the effectiveness of the insurer’s assets
investment portfolio. A low result on this indicator is a sign that the insurer
has many unprofitable assets (for example receivables, fixed assets and so on).
This indicator shall be calculated as
follows:
Assets investment
profit rate
=
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Previous year’s
assets
+
Current year’s
assets
-
Profit from
financial operations in the current year