THE
PRIME MINISTER OF GOVERNMENT
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM Independence - Freedom – Happiness
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No.
362-TTg
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Hanoi
,May30, 1996
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DECISION
RATIFYING THE ORIENTATION, OBJECTIVES AND TASKS OF
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE FIVE-YEAR PERIOD 1996-2000
THE PRIME MINISTER
Pursuant to the Law on Organization of the
Government of September 30, 1992;
At the proposal of the Minister of Science, Technology and Environment in
Exposition No.744/KHTC of April 12, 1996,
DECIDES:
Article 1.- To ratify
the orientation, objectives and tasks of scientific and technological
activities in the 5-year period of 1996-2000 issued together with this
Decision.
Article 2.- The Ministries,
the General Departments, the People�s Committees of the
provinces and cities directly under the Central Government shall specify the
above-said scientific and technological tasks in the five-year and annual plans
of the Ministries, General Departments, provinces and cities; organize, assign
and coordinate the performing forces.
Article 3.- The Ministry
of Science, Technology and Environment shall guide the Ministries, General
Departments, and provinces and cities directly under the Central Government in
the performance of the above-said tasks in the spirit of Decision No.419-TTg of
July 21, 1995 of the Prime Minister, constantly direct, inspect, supervise and
report to the Prime Minister the situation on the performance of the scientific
and technological tasks assigned to the Ministries, General Departments,
provinces and cities directly under the Central Government.
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Article 5.- The
Ministers, the Heads of the ministerial-level agencies, the Heads of the
agencies attached to the Government, the Presidents of the People’s Committees
of the provinces and cities directly under the Central Government, the
Directors of the National Scientific Centers, the Directors of the National Universities,
and the concerned agencies shall have to implement this Decision.
THE PRIME
MINISTER
Vo Van Kiet
ORIENTATION, OBJECTIVES AND TASKS OF THE SCIENTIFIC
AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE FIVE-YEAR PERIOD 1996-2000
(Issued together with Decision No.362-TTg of May 30, 1996 of the
Prime Minister)
I- ORIENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC
AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TO THE YEAR 2000:
- Stepping up the research in social sciences and
humanities in service of the industrialization and modernization of the country
and fostering people of a new type and building a new culture imbued with the
national identity;
- Renovating technology in the key production
branches;
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- Synchronously applying scientific and
technological advances in order to promote the development of the rural and
mountainous areas;
- Rationally utilizing natural resources,
protecting the environment, surveying and studying the sea;
- Building and developing the scientific and
technological potentials;
- Raising the quality of products;
- Stepping up scientific research and
technological development in the field of national defense and security.
II- THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF
THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TO THE YEAR 2000:
1- Developing the intrinsic scientific and
technological capabilities as an important factor to the promotion of the
production development in order to:
- Provide firm scientific grounds for the
orientations in national development, and in the elaboration of the policies of
the Party and State.
- Absorb new scientific and technological
achievements of the world, choose and master the technologies transferred into
Vietnam.
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2- Intensifying technological renovation in the
production branches, with special attention paid to technological quality,
creating a new step of technological development. Attaching importance to the
development of a number of hi-tech industries such as: electronics,
informatics, telecommuni-cations, new materials, biological technology...so
that science and technology can actually contribute an important part to
accelerating the economic growth rate and strengthening national defense and
security.
III- THE TASKS OF SCIENTIFIC
AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE PERIOD 1996-2000:
A- SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
To clearly define Vietnam�s current path to
socialism. To interpret issues of the time and propose a scientific basis and
thesis for the formulation of the lines and policies of the Party and State.
Research shall be focused on the following
issues:
1- Interpretation of the basic theoretical
matters of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Thought.
2- Research into theoretical issues of
development in the new period:
+ Clarifying the nature of the multi-sector
commodity economy and its operational mechanism in the process of development;
+ Working out plans for the process of
industrialization and modernization;
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3- The elaboration of the strategic objectives
of the comprehensive development of Vietnamese beings, and the solutions in
each domain to serve these objectives. The building of Vietnamese beings should
be considered the pivotal task in creating a human resource determining the
success of the industrialization and modernization process and the development
of education and training.
4- The determination of solutions to the social
organization and management according to the requirement for a comprehensive
development and ensuring a civilized and equitable society; building of a
civilized culture characterized by the national identity and modernity in its
development process.
5- The research into and forecast of the world�s
development trends and Vietnam�s external relations
with countries in the region and the world.
6- The research, forecast and proposals on the
national defense and security strategy.
B- THE NATURAL SCIENCES:
To conduct research into a number of the
spear-head theoretical matters and selective application of scientific advances
in order to approach the world�s level in some
domains:
1- On mathematics, cybernetics and calculus: The
research shall be focused on the basic mathematical branches (the optimum
theory, the theory of probability and the mathematical statistics, the
mathematical analysis, a number of selective matters in the algebra, the
numerology and topographical geometry); the application of the world�s
achievements in informatics (artificial intelligence, the fundamentals of the
software technology...) as a basis for the development of informatics,
systematics and cybernetics.
2- On physics: The focus shall be on physics of
solid matters, optics and spectrum, laser physics, nuclear physics and
theoretical physics.
3- On mechanics: concentrating on mechanics of
new materials, mechanics of construction structures on sea and islands, modern
methods in mechanical practice; kinetics of systems, hydro-dynamics and
numerical method in mechanics.
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5- On biology: Researches shall be focused on
the modern classification methods, changes in the tropical biological groups,
ecological and physiological identity, typical tropical ecosystems, cell
technique, genetic technology, microbiological technology, biology on sea,
coastal areas and seashore strand.
6- On the sciences of the earth:
+ Geology: concentrating on research into
geological catastrophes such as severance structures of the Red River sphere;
typical fossils of the substantial strata in the Paleozoic of the Northern and
Central Vietnam; geological structure and the characteristics of geological
kinetics in Vietnam and surrounding areas.
+ Global physics: physical fields in Vietnam�s
territory in service of the environmental evaluation and forecast of natural
calamities.
+ Geography: conducting survey and overall
evaluation of Vietnam�s geographic and
territorial conditions in service of territorial organization; conducting
research into climatic changes and their impacts on economic and environmental
activities in Vietnam; evaluating and forecasting the natural and environmental
catastrophes in the key mountainous areas in Northern Vietnam.
+ Sea and continental shelf research
(Oceanography): establishing a data base on the sea and continental shelf in
service of planning and exploitation of the sea and continental shelf projects
and works.
+ Space research and exploitation.
C TECHNOLOGIES.
Concentrating on the research into and selection
of efficient imported technologies, proceeding straight to the modernization of
necessary technologies and technological processes; firmly grasping the
imported technologies, applying and renovating them in a way suitable to the
conditions of Vietnam. Researching, selecting and transferring proper technologies
to the rural and mountainous areas, then proceeding to the creation of
technologies typical of Vietnam.
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Effectively protecting and making full use of
the existing arable land, developing and using areas which have great
potentials but remain untapped such as the hilly areas, pasture land, water
surface and shallow water, in order to raise the output and labor productivity,
rationally using and bringing into play the potentials of the labor force, land
and natural resources, promoting various production lines and crafts in the
rural areas, stepping up the restructuring of the rural economy in the
direction of industrialization. Scientific and technological research must be
concentrated on:
a) Mastering the technology of producing hybrids
varieties of rice and corn, developing new rice strains which can yield an
average of more than 10 tons/ha/crop, creating new strains resistant to harmful
insects and diseases and adaptable to difficult ecological conditions, thus
contributing to raising the total food output to 30-32 million tons/year by the
year 2000.
b) Developing the processing and preserving
technologies, minimizing the post-harvest losses, increasing the percentage of
processed farm products.
c) Gradually mechanizing the cultivation,
focusing on the mechanization of cultivation, harvesting and processing, and
husbandry.
d) Experimentally planting forest trees of high
timber yield of over 20 cubic meters/ha/year to be used as materials for the
paper and wood industries. Research on forest protection policy.
e) Surveying and researching the sea resources
and environment to serve as scientific basis for fishery development;
renovating the technology in the field of aquatic product preservation and processing.
Researching the application of biological technology in cross-breeding and
selecting aquatic species of high economic value, producing feeds and
controlling diseases of aquacultural animals.
f) Designing a model of transfer of technology
and technical advances suitable to the rural and mountain conditions.
Researching the population distribution in the rural area, planning population
clusters and townships, building model of ecology-friendly villages, the supply
of clean water, environmental hygiene in rural areas and the building of a
civilized countryside.
2- Industry:
a) Manufacturing mechanics: mastering basic
advanced technologies such as foundry technology, flexible deformation
technology, soldering technology, cast-involved processing technology,
thermo-metallurgical technology, surface-processing technology, precision
processing technology (laser technology). Researching the application of new
technologies in metallurgical and chemical industry.
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b) The key task of mechanical-electronic science
and technology is to conduct research into and apply basic technologies
relating to the design, the manufacture and test the main parts of some
machines for special use, and new generation of electronic components on the
basis of imported components.
c) Raising the quality of foundry technology in
order to reduce the percentage of molding errors to 15%, and the rate of energy
consumption to 60-70% of the current rate; extensively applying advanced
technologies in cutting, soldering, spraying, coating and mold making.
d) Undertaking technological renovation in key
industries through the application of modern science and technology, especially
microelectronic technology and automatic instruments. Reorganizating domestic
production of a large quantity of spare parts and a number of equipment of
common use.
e) Oil-gas and petrochemical industry:
Concentrating on the research into and application of basic technologies to
serve the petrochemical industry, project structure and safety against
environmental pollution.
3- High technologies:
a) Electronics - Informatics -
Telecommunications:
Creating a technological and scientific
foundations for the establishment of a national computer network, which shall integrate
into the international superhighway of information and be widely used in
various branches of the national economy. Building industrial foundations for
the information technology, especially software technology, and proceeding to
acquire a telecommunications satellite of Vietnam itself.
- Researching the information technology in the
field of natural voice processing, and matters relating to artificial
intelligence, multimedia, geographical information system (GIS)...
- Mastering the network technology (data
transmission, multilateral connection, trial connection with various regional
Internet systems to exploit many information systems).
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- Mastering cell technology, genetic technique,
microbiological technology for the production of various kinds of enzymes,
vaccines and antibiotics..., so as to create and multiply many plant and animal
strains of high value, high yield and quality.
- Researching the technology for the production
of microbiological fertilizers, biological products used for crop and animal
tending and protection.
- Developing biological technologies for the
preservation and processing of agricultural - forestry - aquatic products to
maintain and increase the value of agricultural - forestry - aquatic products
for domestic consumption and export.
- Researching the technology for the production
of chemicals used for quick and accurate diagnosis of diseases, new vaccines
and antiserums for the prevention and combat against dangerous tropical
diseases.
- Researching technologies or groups of
technologies for the treatment of urban wastes (garbage and waste water) and
various kinds of discharges from the agricultural - forestry - aquatic products
processing industry.
c) Materials technology:
Mastering and extensively applying composite
materials, producing 90% of the needed firebrick and cold-storage materials.
Substituting new materials for about 10-20% of traditional materials, markedly
raising the efficiency of the use of materials.
- Renovating technology for the production of
traditional materials, and at the same time developing some new and modern
materials technologies capable of quick application to production;
- Developing technologies for the manufacture of
polymeric materials, composite materials; rubber-based materials, plastics for
industrial and civil use;
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- Researching technology for the production of
ceramic materials used for water and food filtering, and assorted technical
ceramics; high-temperature fire-brick.
- Manufacturing electronic materials such as
hard-magnetic and soft-magnetic materials, using photo-electronic and photon
materials, initially manufacturing some kinds of electric, magnetic and
biological sensors.
- Intensifying the research into spray-coating
methods and technology for the manufacture of anti-corrosion materials and methods
used in oceanic environment.
d) Automation:
In order to intensify the process of automation
in the key processes of the production and service activities:
- Developing the computer-aid designing (CAD);
establishing a number of powerful Auto-CAD designing centers capable of
participating in projects involving international bidding.
- Extensively applying technologies of
computerized numerical control (CNC), direct digital control (DDC), program
logical control (PLC) in receiving, mastering the use of and renovating a
number of equipment and equipment lines in some industries with high demand for
development.
- Researching the manufacture of some SCADA
systems for use in oil-gas industry, environmental or irrigation projects...
- Establishing a number of processing centers
and CAM/CIM/PLC/CNC centers powerful enough to support the training and
industrial application.
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4- Energy:
a) Drawing up the overall balance of the demands
for various kinds of fuel and energy until the year 2000.
b) Researching the thesis and preparing
scientific and technological preconditions for the construction of a nuclear
electric power plant after the year 2000.
c) Working out plans on power supply in rural
and mountainous areas.
d) Mastering the latest technologies in the
construction of hydro- and thermo-electric power plants. Creating the capability
for the design, construction and installation of power transmission lines of
over 220 KV.
e) Researching technological solutions and
equipment to serve as basis for the implementation of the policy on power
economy: raising the use efficiency and reducing electric dissipation.
f) Synchronizing the technological renovation to
meet the requirement of raising the output of coal mines in the period of
1996-2000.
5- Communication and transport:
Concentrating on the development of the
communication and transport science and technology in service of the strategy
and plan for communication and transport development to the year 2020;
researching the mechanism of communication and transport management so as to
contribute to accelerating the process of infrastructure construction,
modernizing technology in the sectors of aviation, navigation, railway and
expressway; researching the organization of container transport, transport of
liquid, and bulk goods of large quantities.
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6- Construction:
Renovating the technology for the production of
main construction materials so as to attain the average of the world�s
advanced standard by the year 2000; intensifying the mechanization of the
project construction, and the wide application of informatics and automation to
raise labor productivity and designed capacity.
Researching the process of urbanization and
urban management, measures for rational labor distribution in the industrial,
agricultural and service sectors...Working out a master plan for the population
distribution along territorial lines to the year 2020 on the basis of the
economic restructuring so as to carry forward the policy of national
industrialization and modernization. Researching the plans for concentrated
industrial zones.
7- Public health protection and improvement:
Researching basic bio-medical matters,
environment and health. Researching the harmful impact of chemicals used in the
production and toxic chemicals (especially Dioxin) on the environment and
public health.
Researching the application of biological
technology to the production of drugs (pharmaceuticals), and immunization
technique to the search for a HIV treatment method; researching some kinds of
common diseases in industrialized countries which have appeared in our country,
researching pharmaceutical materials for production of drugs for treatment of
malaria, goitre, inflammation, infection, etc. Researching the manufacture of
modern medical instruments and equipment.
D. RATIONAL EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.
Researching and proposing the scientific and
technological solutions to efficiently exploit the natural resources and
favorable conditions and protect the ecological environment:
1. Establishing an environmental control system
(comprising automatic observation and measurement network, environmental
information network, tele-surveying centers); applying new technologies in
natural resources survey, meteorological and hydrological forecast, forecast of
natural calamities, environmental pollution control; applying new technologies
to reduce pollution of coal dust, chemicals, industrial waste, especially for
the protection of surface and underground water sources; Data processing
methods and instruments, etc.
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3. Continuing the general territorial research
and survey to serve the elaboration of regional development strategy; building
a scientific basis for the territorial organization and zoning, rational
arrangement of territorial space, population migration... in the
industrialization process with an eye to eco-environmental protection.
4. Researching biological diversification in the
areas with typical ecological systems.
E. NATIONAL DEFENSE AND SECURITY.
Applying advanced technologies to the
production, repair and maintenance of weapons and ammunition, military
equipment and gear. Coordinating military and non-military forces in the survey
and research so as to perform the task of territorial sovereignty protection...