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NATIONAL
ASSEMBLY OF VIETNAM
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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Law
No. 113/2025/QH15
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Hanoi,
December 10, 2025
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LAW
ON POPULATION
Pursuant to the Constitution of
the Socialist Republic of Vietnam amended by Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;
The National Assembly
promulgates the Law on Population.
Chapter I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1.
Scope
This Law prescribes communication,
mobilization, education regarding population; maintenance of replacement-level
fertility, reduction of gender imbalance; adaptation to population ageing;
improvement to population quality; conditions for assuring implementation of
population affairs.
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In this Law, the terms below are
construed as follows:
1. Population means a
combination of people living in a country, area, geo-economic zone or
administrative division.
2. Population density means
number of people living in a country, area, geo-economic zone or administrative
division at any given time.
3. Population demographics means
population classified by gender, age, ethnic group, education level,
occupation, marital status, and other relevant characteristics.
4. Population distribution means
distribution of population by area, geo-economic zone, or administrative division.
5. Population quality reflects
physical, intellectual, and mental wellbeing of the population.
6. Family planning means
combined effort of the Government, society, and families to enable individuals,
married pairs to actively, voluntarily decide number of children, when to give
birth, interval between children to protect health, responsibly raise children
in a manner appropriate to living conditions of families and social standards.
7. Replacement-level fertility means
the average level of fertility of 2,1 children per woman of childbearing age.
8. Sex ratio at birth is
determined by the number of newborn boys for every 100 newborn girls in the
same period.
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10. Imbalanced sex ratio at
birth means a sex ratio at birth that is beyond the balanced sex ratio.
11. Population ageing means the
growing proportion of older people in total population where people of 60 years
of age or older make up 10% of total population or higher or people of 65 years
of age or older make up 7% of total population or higher.
12. Population services mean
services serving population-related affairs, including provision of population
information and data; communication, mobilization, education relating to
education; provision of reproductive health services, family planning,
population quality improvement services, elderly care services, and other
services as per the law.
13. Social competence of the elderly
means the ability of the elderly to maintain, adapt, and participate in
social relationships in order to further contribute to family and society.
Article 3.
Principles of population affairs
1. Protect legitimate rights and
benefits of agencies, organizations, and individuals in population together
with socio-economic development, environmental protection, ethnic cultural
characteristic protection for rapid and sustainable national development.
2. Ensure volition, willingness,
equality, and heightened accountability of each individual, married pair, and
family in implementation of population affairs.
3. Ensure balance and harmony
between rights, obligations of citizens, enterprises and responsibilities of
the Government.
4. Integrate population-related
factors in development and implementation of socio-economic development
strategies, planning, plans, programs, schemes, projects of the whole country,
of each area, of each field, of each industry, of each administrative division,
and of each organization.
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Article 4.
Integration of population factors in socio-economic development, national
defense and security strategies, planning, plans, programs, schemes, and
projects
1. Population factors to be
integrated include population density, demographic, and distribution.
2. Integration of population
factors in socio-economic development, national defense and security
strategies, planning, plans, programs, schemes, and projects must:
a) unify, synchronize population factors
among socio-economic development, national defense and security strategies,
planning, plans, programs, schemes, and projects; and
b) exercise sustainable development
growth objectives and settlement of relationship between population and growth;
adhere to population policy goals; and
c) exercise during development and
implementation of socio-economic development, national defense and security
strategies, planning, plans, programs, schemes, and projects.
3. Integration of population
factors in socio-economic development, national defense and security
strategies, planning, plans, programs, schemes, and projects shall conform to
regulations of the Prime Minister.
Article 5.
Vietnam’s Population Day, National Action Month on Population
1. Vietnam’s Population Day is
December 26 each year.
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Article 6.
Prohibited actions
1. Communicating, propagating, or
introducing unfactual information or information deviating from principles,
regulations of the Communist Party and regulations of the law of the Government
pertaining to population.
2. Obstructing communication,
education, popularization of information or counsel relating to population,
family planning or access to population services.
3. Selecting gender of babies in
any shape of form; informing, disclosing gender of babies unless stipulated by
the Minister of Health for diagnosis and treatment of gender-related diseases.
4. Forcing or mandating or
prohibiting childbirth.
5. Discriminating or expressing
prejudice in access to population services.
6. Cloning humans.
Article 7.
Government policies regarding population
1. Population is the leading factor
in construction, development, and protection of the country. Exercise
population and growth policies via solutions for maintaining replacement-level
fertility, reduction of imbalanced sex ratio at birth, adaptation to population
ageing, improvement to population quality in relationship with socio-economic
factors, national defense and security, development of prosperous, civilized,
happy nation.
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3. Develop policies for improving
population quality pertaining to physical, intellectual, and mental health;
protecting and developing the population for extremely small ethnic minorities.
4. Depending on socio-economic
conditions from time to time, develop appropriate policies to support married
pairs and individuals in giving birth, raising children via policies relating
to labor, employment, salary, social insurance, health insurance, allowance,
education, healthcare, housing, and other policies to improve fertility rate,
achieve sustainable replacement-level fertility, especially for provinces and
cities with sub-replacement fertility.
5. Develop policies for adapting to
population ageing; developing network of geriatric hospitals, geriatric
departments in general hospitals; developing healthcare for the elderly;
providing convenient access to medical services and societal environment
appropriate to socio-economic conditions for the elderly; encouraging
preparations for old age while young; encouraging, incentivizing enterprises
and organizations to participate, manufacture, and provide goods, services for
the elderly as per the law; assisting the elderly in terms of employment, jobs,
social security, business startup, participation in the economy, digital
transformation; developing long-term insurance care, and other forms of health
insurance. Prioritize human resource development in geriatric medicine. Develop
policies for attracting human resources in geriatric medicine.
6. Develop policies for
distributing population via socio-economic development, national defense and
security strategies, planning, programs appropriate to each area, region,
industry, administrative divisions.
7. Prioritize and provide
assistance in implementation of population affairs in ethnic minority zones and
mountainous regions, extremely disadvantaged commune-level administrative
divisions in shoals, coastal areas, and islands.
8. Ensure resources for population
affairs; provide assistance and facilitate population and growth programs,
schemes, projects. Develop policies for reinforcing the system, improving
training, refresher training advanced training for personnel engaged in
population affairs; improving reproductive health care network services.
9. Develop policies for promoting
study, application, development science, technology, innovation, and digital
transformation in population sector.
10. Develop incentive policies for
taxes, land, credit, and other incentives as per the law to encourage,
motivate, and mobilize social resource participation in population affairs.
11. Encourage employers to assist
and enable employees to adopt solutions for maintaining replacement-level
fertility, adapting to population ageing, and improving population quality.
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COMMUNICATION, MOBILIZATION, AND EDUCATION REGARDING
POPULATION
Article 8.
Purposes and requirements in communication, mobilization, and education
regarding population
1. Communicate, mobilize, and
provide education pertaining to population to raise awareness, convert
behavior, create consensus and positive support of society to comprehensively,
consistently settle population-related issues while achieving rapid and
sustainable national growth.
2. Communication, mobilization, and
education regarding population must:
a) be accurate, scientific, timely,
clear, comprehensive, and practical; and
b) adhere to tradition, cultural
and ethnic characteristics, social moral, religion, belief, customs; emphasize
family value; connect community; and remove gender prejudice;
c) be appropriate to
characteristics of administrative divisions and subject of communication,
mobilization, education regarding population.
Article 9.
Details of communication, mobilization, and education regarding population
1. Principles and regulations of
the Communist Party, policies, regulations of the Government regarding
population affairs.
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3. Rights and obligations of
individuals, families, and employers; benefits of community, society, and
country in implementation of population affairs.
4. Prioritize communicating,
mobilizing, and providing education regarding matters that:
a) encourage marriage, childbirth
to maintain replacement-level fertility; minimize child marriage and
consanguine marriage;
b) minimize imbalanced sex ratio at
birth and consequences thereof;
c) adapt to population ageing,
prepare for old age while young;
d) encourage the general public to
receive appropriate healthcare; actively access health counseling and
examination services before marriage; screen, diagnose, and treat diseases
before childbirth and during postpartum period; make provision for and treat
infertility;
dd) promote elimination of gender
prejudice, improve the role of women and girls in families and community.
5. Integrate population contents in
education programs appropriate to education levels.
Article 10.
Entities and responsibility for communication, mobilization, and education
regarding population
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2. Prioritize communication,
mobilization, and education that conveys appropriate population contents to:
a) Minors;
b) People in childbearing age;
c) The elderly;
d) Immigrants, people with
disability, people prone to infectious diseases;
dd) Ethnic minorities, especially
extremely small ethnic minorities;
e) Employers.
3. Population authorities have the
responsibility to provide guidelines on communication, mobilization, and
education regarding population; cooperate with agencies, organizations, and
individuals in communication, mobilization, and education regarding population.
4. Press agencies shall actively
cooperate with population authorities in communication, mobilization, and
education regarding population.
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Article 11.
Methods for communication, mobilizing, and providing education regarding
population
1. Directly.
2. Indirectly via media.
3. Campaigns, events, exhibits,
competition regarding population, and other methods.
Chapter III
MAINTENANCE OF REPLACEMENT-LEVEL FERTILITY AND
REDUCTION OF IMBALANCED SEX RATIO AT BIRTH
Article 12.
Adjustment to population density and demographics
1. Adjustment to population density
and demographics is conducted in order to stay in line with social-economic
development via solutions for:
a) Adjusting fertility rate;
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c) Other solutions.
2. Depending on socio-economic
conditions from time to time, the Government, provincial local government shall
decide on adoption of solutions under Clause 1 of this Article via
socio-economic development strategies, planning, plans, programs, and projects.
Article 13.
Rights and obligations of individuals and married pairs in childbirth and
reproductive health care
1. Decide time for having children,
number of children, and interval between birth depending on age, health
conditions, education level, employment situations, income, and parenting
capability of each individual and married pair on an equality basis.
2. Protect health and adopt
solutions for preventing reproductive tract infections, sexually transmitted
infections, HIV/AIDS, and other solutions relating to reproductive health care.
Article 14.
Maintenance of replacement-level fertility
1. Solutions for maintaining
replacement-level fertility include:
a) For the second pregnancy,
maternity leave of 7 months; paternity leave of 10 working days after a male
employee’s wife gives birth;
b) Childbirth allowance for women
in very small ethnic minorities;
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d) Childbirth allowance for women
having 2 children before age 35;
dd) Priority in purchase and
lease-purchase of social housing in accordance with housing laws for people
with 2 natural childbirths or more;
e) Other solutions decided by the
Government.
2. Depending on socio-economic
conditions from time to time, the Government shall prescribe allowance rate and
procedures for providing allowances under Points b, c, and d Clause 1;
eligibility and conditions for implementing Point a Clause 1 of this Article.
3. Depending on state budget
balance, local provincial governments shall, within their tasks and powers,
prescribe:
a) Allowance at a higher rate than
that prescribed by the Government;
b) Eligibility and solutions for
maintaining replacement-level fertility other than those specified under Clause
1 of this Article.
4. On an annual basis, central
statistical authority shall declare fertility rate to enable the Government and
local provincial governments to develop and adopt appropriate support,
encouraging policies in order to maintain replacement-level fertility.
Article 15.
Reduction of imbalanced sex ratio at birth
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2. Suspend medical examination and
treatment practices for individuals who inform, disclose infant gender for
abortion in accordance with medical examination and treatment laws.
3. On an annual basis, central
statistical authority shall declare imbalanced sex ratio at birth to enable the
Government and local provincial People’s Committees to develop and adopt
appropriate intervening solutions so as to reduce imbalanced sex ratio at
birth.
Chapter IV
ADAPTATION TO POPULATION AGEING
Article 16.
Solutions for adapting to population ageing
1. Preparation for old age.
2. Care for the elderly.
3. Development of human resources
for providing care for the elderly.
4. Solutions relating to support,
care, and utilization of roles of the elderly in accordance with regulations on
the elderly and other relevant law provisions.
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Article 17.
Active preparation for old age
1. Individuals shall actively
prepare for old age when young via:
a) Preparation of health, finance,
and psychology;
b) Participation in social
insurance and health insurance;
c) Participation in learning,
improvement of knowledge, skills for maintaining physical, mental health and
social competence;
d) Participation in providing care
for the elderly;
dd) Other preparations for old age.
2. The Government shall develop
policies to support priority entities in preparation for old age.
3. Encourage agencies,
organizations, enterprises, families, and individuals to assist individuals in
preparation for old age appropriate to demand of each elderly group. Encourage
individuals to engage in health insurance in accordance with insurance business
laws.
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1. Develop diverse methods for
caring for the elderly; provide assistance in improving social competence,
self-care capability of the elderly appropriate to the level of autonomy and
demand of each elderly group.
2. Methods for caring for the
elderly include:
a) Self-care;
b) Care at home;
c) Care at community;
d) Care at nursing facilities,
medical examination and treatment establishments according to the elderly laws.
3. Solutions for assisting care for
the elderly include:
a) Providing knowledge and skills
to enable the elderly to maintain, improve physical, mental health, and social
competence;
b) Assisting family members in
caring for the elderly via appropriate training, counseling, and technical
support;
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4. Encourage socio-political
organizations, social organizations, socio-occupational organizations,
education institutions, elderly care facilities, and local communities to
provide support for care for the elderly that involves multi-generation
participation.
5. The Government shall elaborate
Point b and Point c Clause 2 of this Article.
Article 19.
Development of human resources for elderly care
1. Integrate geriatric medicine in
programs for continuous medical knowledge update.
2. Encourage organizations and
individuals to grant scholarship, provide tuition support, subsistence
allowance for learners in geriatric medicine, especially people studying at
medical examination and treatment establishments, elderly care facilities at
ethnic minority zones, mountainous regions, extremely disadvantaged
commune-level administrative divisions in shoal areas, coastal regions, and
islands.
3. Development of human resources
for elderly care shall conform to elderly laws.
Chapter V
IMPROVEMENT OF POPULATION QUALITY
Article 20.
Pre-marital counseling and health check-up
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2. Depending on socio-economic
conditions from time to time and state budget balance, provincial local
governments shall, within their tasks and powers, decide on subsidies for
pre-marital counseling and health check-up service fees.
Article 21.
Prenatal and postnatal screening, diagnosis, and treatment
1. Encourage prenatal and postnatal
screening for congenital disorders for pregnant women and infants according to
list of diseases for mandatory screening of the Minister of Health.
2. Expenditure on prenatal and
postnatal screening of certain congenital disorders shall be subsidized by
state budget, health insurance according to roadmap for increase of health
insurance fees and other legitimate funding sources. Depending on
socio-economic conditions from time to time and state budget balance:
a) The Government shall elaborate
scope, eligible entities, and amount of subsidies for prenatal and postnatal
screening of certain congenital disorders in accordance with priority roadmap;
b) Local provincial governments
shall, within their tasks and powers, decide on extension of scope, eligible
entities, and amount of subsidies for prenatal and postnatal screening of
congenital disorders under Point a of this Clause.
3. Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis
and treatment of congenital disorders shall conform regulations of the law on
medical examination and treatment and health insurance.
Article 22.
Care for reproductive health
1. Individuals and married pairs
have the right to adequately, equally, and non-discriminatorily access
reproductive health care services; make their own decisions relating to
reproductive health on the basis of their understanding, volition, and respect
for their rights and benefits.
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3. Depending on practical situations,
provincial local governments shall decide to provide contraceptives, subsidize
family planning service fees for individuals living in poor, near-poor
households, social protection beneficiaries; individuals in ethnic minority
regions, mountainous regions, extremely disadvantaged commune-level
administrative divisions in shoal areas, coastal areas, islands; communes in
land border areas.
Chapter VI
ASSURING CONDITIONS FOR POPULATION AFFAIRS
Article 23.
Funding sources for population affairs
1. State budget.
2. Social insurance fund, health
insurance fund.
3. Payments of population service
buyers.
4. Sponsors, donation, contribution
of domestic, foreign organizations and individuals as per the law.
5. Other funding sources as per the
law.
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1. Funding shall be provided for
population service providers that are among public service providers utilizing
state budget as per the law and exercising tasks as a result of order placement,
task assignment, or bidding by competent state authorities.
2. Funding shall be provided for
population service providers of the Government in accordance with regulations
of the law on state budget, financial autonomy for public service providers.
3. Funding shall be provided for
training, advanced training, and development of human resources in population
affairs.
4. Funding shall be provided for
investment and development of population service providers of the Government as
per the law.
Article 25. Development
of human resources in population affairs
1. Individuals directly and
frequently managing, arranging population affairs shall undergo training,
professional training, field-specific training appropriate to the affairs;
benefit from incentive regulations and policies as per the law, especially
individuals living in ethnic minority regions, mountainous regions, extremely
disadvantaged commune-level administrative divisions in shoal areas, coastal
areas, and islands.
2. Population affair part-time
employees shall be eligible for training and professional training in
accordance with regulations of the Minister of Health; eligible for policies
and regulations of the Government.
Article 26.
International cooperation in population affairs
1. Actively engage in international
cooperation in population affairs; participate in international organizations,
programs, and initiatives related to population according to decisions of
competent authorities; request competent authorities to engage in international
treaties and arrange implementation of international treaties as per the law;
sign and arrange implementation of international agreements in population
within their powers and as per the law.
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a) Sharing, exchanging experience,
techniques, researching, applying science, and transferring technology;
b) Exchanging experts;
c) Providing training, advanced
training, and professional training;
d) Mobilizing donation and sponsor;
dd) Initiating other cooperation.
Chapter VII
RESPONSIBILITY OF AGENCIES, ORGANIZATIONS, FAMILIES,
AND INDIVIDUALS IN POPULATION AFFAIRS
Article 27.
Governance relating to population
1. Governance relating to
population includes:
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b) Developing, promulgating, and
arranging implementation of legislative documents, regulations, policies
pertaining to population;
c) Providing training and advanced
training for human resources engaged in population affairs; communicating,
mobilizing, educating, and providing education relating to knowledge and the
law on population;
d) Arranging research and
development of science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation,
application and transfer of technology in population affairs;
dd) Developing specialized database
on population connected and synchronized with national database on population
and other relevant field-specific database serving population policymaking
process;
e) Engaging in international
cooperation in population;
g) Inspecting, examining, settling
complaints, denunciations, taking actions against violations of population
laws, and commending merits in population affairs;
h) Exercising other tasks as per
the law.
2. The Government shall carry out
unified governance in population on a nationwide scale; file reports on
population affairs every 5 years or on an irregular basis to the National
Assembly.
3. The Ministry of Health shall be
responsible to the Government for governance relating to population.
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5. Local governments, within their
tasks and powers or decentralization, shall carry out governance relating to
population. Provincial local governments shall decide on subsidies for health
insurance card premiums for the elderly who have not obtained health insurance
card depending on socio-economic conditions and local budget balance.
Article 28.
Responsibility of economic organizations and other organizations, families,
individuals relating to population affairs
1. Comply with regulations of the
law relating to population affairs.
2. Exercise mobilization of the
Communist Party and the Government relating to population affairs.
3. Respect rights and benefits of
individuals, families; benefits of community, society, and country in implementation
of population affairs.
4. Family members have the
responsibility to assist one another in implementation of population policies
and regulations of the law.
Chapter VIII
IMPLEMENTATION
Article 29.
Amendment to laws related to population affairs
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“1. Female employees are
eligible for maternity leave of 6 months before and after birth; female
employees having a second pregnancy are eligible for maternity leave of 7
months before and after birth with up to 2 months of prenatal maternity leave.
Female employees expecting twins or
more shall be eligible for 1 extra month of maternity leave for each additional
child.”.
2. Amendment to Point c Clause 2
Article 53 of the Law on Social Insurance No. 41/2024/QH14 amended by the Law
No. 73/2025/QH15 and the Law No. 84/2025/QH15:
“c) Where his wife is
expecting twins or a second child, the male employee is eligible for paternity
leave of 10 working days. Where his wife is expecting triplets or more, the
male employee is eligible for 3 additional days of paternity for each child
from the third child and onwards;”.
3. Amendment to the Law on Housing
No. 27/2023/QH15 amended by the Law No. 43/2024/QH15, the Law No. 47/2024/QH15,
the Law No. 84/2025/QH15, the Law No. 90/2025/QH15, and the Law No.
93/2025/QH15:
a) Add Clause 13 following Clause
12 Article 76: “13. People with 2 children of natural childbirths or more.”;
b) Replace the phrase “các khoản 1,
4, 5, 6, 8, 9 và 10 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10 Article 76) with
the phrase “các khoản 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 và 13 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 4, 5, 6,
8, 9, 10, and 13 Article 76) under Clause 1 Article 77;
c) Replace the phrase “các khoản 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 và 8 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 Article 76)
with the phrase “các khoản 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 và 13 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 13 Article 76) under Clause 5 Article 77;
d) Replace the phrase “các khoản 1,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 và 10 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 Article
76) with the phrase “các khoản 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 và 13 Diều 76” (Clauses
1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13 Article 76) under Clause 1 Article 78;
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e) Replace the phrase “các khoản 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 và 8 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 Article 76)
with the phrase “các khoản 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 và 13 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 13 Article 76) under Point a Clause 3 Article 78;
dd) Replace the phrase “các khoản
1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 và 11 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11
Article 76) with the phrase “các khoản 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 và 13 Diều
76” (Clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 13 Article 76) under Clause 2
Article 78;
h) Amend Point dd Clause 1 Article
79:
“dd) If an individual is
eligible for multiple support policies, only the policy with the highest value
shall apply; if multiple individuals share the same standards and eligibility,
the order of priority shall be: people serving the revolution, relatives of
martyrs, persons with disabilities, individuals relocating in form of
purchasing, lease-purchasing social housing, people with 2 children of natural
childbirths or more, women;”.
4. Add Point d following Point c
Clause 1 Article 34 of the Law on Medical Examination and Treatment No.
15/2023/QH15
“d) Announcing or disclosing
infant gender for abortion.”.
5. Repeal Clause 3 Article 17 of
the Law on Gender Equality No. 73/2006/QH11.
6. Repeal the phrase “Mỗi cặp vợ chồng
chỉ nên có từ một đến hai con.” (Each married pair should only have 1 to 2
children.) under Clause 1 Article 43 of the Law on Protection of People’s
Health No. 21-LCT/HDNN8.
Article 30.
Entry into force
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2. Regulations under Point c and
Point d Clause 1 Article 14 of this Law come into force from January 1, 2027.
3. Ordinance for Population No.
06/2003/PL-UBTVQH11 amended in accordance with Ordinance No. 07/2025/UBTVQH15
expires from the effective date hereof.
This Law is approved by the 15th
National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the 10th
meeting on December 10, 2025.
CHAIRPERSON
OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
Tran Thanh Man