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MINISTRY
OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
-------
|
SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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|
|
No.:
17/2015/TT-BGDDT
|
Hanoi,
01 September 2015
|
CIRCULAR
ISSUING THE VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE ABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR
FOREIGNERS
Pursuant to Decree No. 36/2012 /
ND-CP dated April 18, 2012 of the Government defining the functions, duties,
powers and organizational structures of Ministries and Ministerial-level
agencies;
Pursuant to Decree No. 32/2008 /
ND-CP dated March 19, 2008 of the Government defining the functions, duties,
powers and organizational structures the Ministry of Education and Training;
At
the request of Directot of Department of Testing and Auditing Education Quality;
The Minister of Education and
Training issues this Circular on the Vietnamese language ability framework for
foreigners;
Article 1.
Issuing with this Circular the Vietnamese language
ability framework for foreigners;
Article 2.
This Circular takes effect from 16/10/2015;
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FOR
THE MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Nguyen Vinh Hien
VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE ABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR FOREIGNERS
(Issued
with Circular No. 17/2015/TT-BGDDT dated 01/09/2015 of the Minister of Education and Training)
I.
Purpose
The Vietnamese language ability
framework for foreigners (hereafter referred to as Vietnamese language ability
framework, abbreviated as VLCF) is used:
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2. As a basis
for developing the teaching program and plan, writing or selecting learning
materials; formulating criteria for inspection and assessment at each learning
level and training level;
3. As a basis
for teachers and lecturers to select and implement the contents, method of
teaching, inspection and assessment in order to assist the learners to meet the
requirements of training program;
4. To help the
learners to understand the contents and requirements for each Vietnamese
language level and ability and assess their ability by themselves;
5. To
facilitate the educational cooperation and exchange and accreditation of
diploma and certificate with the countries using the Common European Framework
of Reference (abbreviated as CEFR).
II.
Compatibility between the Vietnamese language ability framework (VLAF) and the
Common European Framework of Reference
VLAF is developed on the basis of
reference and application of CEFR in combination with the
reality and practical conditions of teaching, learning and use of Vietnamese
for foreigners. VLAF is divided into 03 stages (Primary, Intermediate and
Advanced) and 6 levels (from level 1 to level 6 and in correlation with grade
A1 to A2 in CEFR) as follows:
VLAF
CEFR
Primary
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A1
Level
2
A2
Intermediate
Level
3
B1
Level
4
B2
Advanced
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C1
Level
6
C2
III. Content
of Vietnamese language ability framework
1. General description
Levels
General
description
Primary
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Understanding and using familiar language
structures; knowing how to use basic words to meet the basic communication
needs: introducing oneself and others; expressing information about oneself:
residence, relatives/friends and others; being able to communicate with
simple sentences if the interlocutor speaks slowly, clearly and is willing to
cooperate and help.
Level
2
Understanding sentences and
language structure regularly used and related to the basic communication
needs such as: giving information about family, oneself, go shopping,
asking for direction, work; being able to talk about simple and familiar
subjects in daily life; simply describing about oneself, surrounding
environment and issues of basic needs.
Intermediate
Level
3
Understanding the main idea of a paragraph
or standard and clear speech, clearly on familiar topics in work, school,
entertainment. Being able to handle almost all situations that occur when
coming the places using Vietnamese language; writing simple paragraph related
to familiar subjects or interested individuals; describing experiences,
events, wishes and briefing reasons and explaining opinions and plans by
themselves.
Level
4
Understanding main idea of a
relative complex paragraph about various subjects, including talking about the
contents of professional fields of oneself; being able to talk fluently and
naturally with the Vietnamese; writing clear and detailed texts with various
subjects and expressing their viewpoint about one issue, pointing out strong
points and weak points of different options.
Advanced
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Recognizing and undertanding the
implication of long texts with broad range of content; being able to
fluently, immediately expressing opinions without difficulty in finding words
to express; flexibly and effectively using language for purposes of social
relationship, learning and profession; clearly and closely and in detail
writing complex subjects, showing text organization ability; well using words
to connect sentences and linking instruments in texts;
Level
6
Easily understanding almost all
written and spoken texts; being able to summarize the spoken and written
information sources; arranging and expressing in a logical way; very fluently
and correctly expressing opinions; differentiating subtle differences in
meaning in complex situations.
2. Description
of skills
2.1. Listening
skill
2.1.1. General
description of listening skill
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
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Level
2
- Understanding quite enough
information to carry out a specific requirement after listening a slow and
clear statement.
- Understanding simple phrases and
words related to fields such as basic information on individual, family,
shopping, local geography and work when the speaker slowly and clearly
expresses opinions
Level
3
- Understanding practical simple
information about general subjects related to daily life or specific work,
general and detailed news of speech clearly made by familiar voice.
- Understanding main points of
clear speech about familiar issues often encountered in work, school,
entertainment area, including short and simple stories;
Level
4
- Listening and understanding
speeches with standard language made directly broadcast on radio and
television about different subjects usually encountered in personal daily life,
society, science, education and training; only meeting difficulty upon
surrounding interference, noise, incomplete structure of text or use of
idioms affecting the listening comprehension.
- Listening and understanding
main ideas of speech (presented with common dialect) with complex words,
specific or abstract subjects, including the discussions with contents of
professional fields of the learner.
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Level
5
- Following and understanding
long speecthes about complex and abstracts subjects when the structure of
such speeches is not clear and the relationship between ideas are implicit.
- Following and understanding
natural and flexible talks between Vietnamese people.
- Following and understanding
abstract discussions or arguments.
- Understanding necessary
information upon listening to announcements on mass media.
Level
6
- Following and understanding the
specialized lectures or presentations using colloquial parlance with cultural
factors or unfamiliar terminologies.
- Understanding the issues which
are subtle and complex or prone to argument (like regulations, finance); even
reaching the level of understanding of experts.
- Listening and understanding
everything easily at the speaking rate of Vietnamese people.
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Level
Specific
description
Level
1
Understanding dialogues which are
very short with very simple structure, very slow and clear speaking rate
about basic personal or school issues and essential needs.
Level
2
Listening and defining the
subject of discussions slowly and clearly spoken;
Level
3
Understanding main ideas of
expanded dialogues spoken with standard language.
Level
4
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- Being able to grasp much of
what heard but still meeting difficulty in understanding the whole of details
of some dialogues or monologues when the speaker does not adjust language
accordingly.
- Following and understanding
natural and flexible dialogue or monologue of Vietnamese people.
Level
5
Easily following complex
discussions in Vietnamese groups on difficult, abstract or unfamiliar
subjects.
Level
6
Understanding almost all
dialogues of Vietnamese people, including the ones with trained professional
contents;
2.1.3. Listening
to presentation and discussion
Level
Specific
description
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Ability to follow presentation in
Vietnamese is not required.
Level
2
Beginning to understand a part of
main contents of short and simple speeches.
Level
3
- Following and understanding
main contents of simple and short speeches about familiar subject in clear
common dialect.
- Following and understanding
lectures or discussions about familiar subject or within their professional
scope when simply presented with clear structure.
Level
4
- Following main contents of
lectures, dialogues and reports on professional learning contents with rather
complex language.
Level
5
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Level
6
- Following the specialized lectures
and reports with a lot of words in the field of profound or unfamiliar
expertise
2.1.4. Listening to announcement
and instructions
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
Understanding and following short
and simple instructions slowly and carefully spoken.
Level
2
- Grasping main points in short,
clear and simple announcement.
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Level
3
- Understanding and following
simple technical information (ex: instruction on use of general equipment).
- Understanding details (ex:
traffic instructions).
Level
4
- Understanding announcements of a
specific or abstract matter spoken by a common dialect at a normal speaking
rate.
Level
5
- Understanding specific
information from public announcements with interference of sound (such as at
gas station and airport).
- Understanding complex technical
information such as operational instruction, technical parameters of familiar
products services.
Level
6
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2.1.5. Listening
to radio and watching TV
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
Ability to listen to radio,
television and sound recording tape is not required
Level
2
Understanding and grasping necessary
information from short recorded passages; processing daily information (such
as weather, event); predicting the contents when the interlocutor speaks
slowly and clearly.
Level
3
- Understanding main ideas of
news briefing program on radio and television programs such as newsreel,
interview, reportage with illustrative images with contents expressed with
clear and simple language.
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Level
4
- Understanding the recordings
played with common dialect on issues regularly met in social life, occupation
or learning, identifying the contents of information, viewpoint and attitude
of the speaker.
- Understanding most speeches on radio
and recordings with common dialect and identifying the speaker’s attitude.
Level
5
- Understanding the sequences of
recording to be broadcast, including some non-standard parlance; identifying
details, including the attitude and relationship between speakers.
Level
6
- Understanding most contents
broadcast on radio and television station, including the contents of trained
expertise.
2.2. Speaking
skills
2.2.1. Monologue
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Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Speaking in a simple way at
slow rate, still re-expressing and correcting. Asking and answering simple
questions, introducing and answering with simple declarative sentences within
the very simple scope and subject (ex: self, family, school).
Level
2
- Speaking with ease and
acceptable way in specific contexts and short dialogues with the help of
others if needed.
- Being able to process the
simple dialogue usually encountered trying too much.
- Being able to ask and answer
questions and exchange information on familiar subjects in daily life.
- Speaking in a simple way in
working activities.
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Level
3
- Speaking confidently about
familiar and unfamiliar issues related to the interests, learning and work.
- Exchanging, checking and
confirming information and processing situations rarely met and explaining
reasons of issues.
- Expressing thoughts about
abstract subjects and cultural subjects (such as movies, books, newspapers,
music).
- Using simple language to
process situations arising in daily life
- Participating in dialogues
about familiar subjects without prior preparation, expressing personal ideas
and interests
Level
4
- Proficiently and effectively
speaking about general subjects, learning, occupation or entertainment
subjects.
- Speaking relatively fluently,
coherently, naturally with good grammatical control without signs of restriction
on what to be said.
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- Speaking relatively fluently
and naturally, almost no difficulty.
- Well using a large vocabulary
and complex grammatical structures, so no need to evade or beat about the
bush or speak wordily.
Level
6
- Well using language structures
and understanding meaning levels of special idiom and proverbs.
- Speaking very easily and
changing parlance naturally upon monologue, including the contents of trained
expertise.
2.2.1.2. Description of
experiences
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
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Level
2
- Knowing how to describe family,
living condition, educational background, current job and the last job of
himself/herself.
- Knowing how to describe
activities in daily life such as people, location and job.
- Knowing how to describe plans,
daily habits and activities in the past, hobbies and personal experiences.
Level
3
- Describing familiar subjects in
the fields of interest in a simple way.
- Describing with a simple
parlance about a short story with close contents of familiar subjects.
- Telling in a quite detailed
manner about self experience, content of a book, movie and expressing their
emotion.
- Telling wishes, hopes and true
or imaginary events.
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Describing clearly and in detail
the relevant subjects or fields of interest with relatively difficult
structures.
Level
5
- Describing clearly and in
detail the complex subjects.
- Describing and narrating
meticulously, integrating small subjects and specific ideas into consistent
contents.
Level
6
- Being able to describe clearly,
in detail, naturally and fluently all experiences helping listeners easily
understand and remember.
2.2.1.3. Argument in
discussion
Level
Specific
description
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- Ability of discussion is not
required.
Level
2
- Identifying subjects of
attended discussion spoken slowly and clearly.
- Implementing and meeting the
proposals.
- Expressing the agreement and
disagreement with others;
- Discussing the daily practical
issues in a simple way if directly, slowly and clearly spoken.
- Discussing what to be done and
making arrangement to complete them.
Level
3
- Discussing in a clear way and
strengthening their viewpoint with appropriate arguments and illustrative
examples.
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- Knowing how to explain reasons
for an issue.
- Giving out short remarks about
others’ viewpoint.
- Expressing belief, opinion,
agreement and disagreement in a polite way.
Level
4
- Expressing their opinions with
high accuracy, expressing and answering with argued verbal response.
- Actively participating in
discussions in familiar context; expressing opinion, assessment and
recommendation.
Level
5
- Being able to explain and
protect their opinions in discussions by giving out explanations, arguments
and opinions in a persuasive way for purposes of social relationship,
learning and expertise.
Level
6
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2.2.1.4. Presentation before the
audiences
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Presenting short passages with
prior preparation (ex: introduction, simple proposal and request).
Level
2
- Briefly presenting information
with prior preparation about a daily familiar subject, reasons and
briefly explaining viewpoints, plan and action.
- Answering direct questions and
sometimes ask back with the support of way of answering from audience.
Level
3
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- Being able to answer questions
about the presentation.However, sometimes still have to ask again when not
understand.
Level
4
- Presenting in a clear way the
speeches with prior preparation, expressing reasons for agreement or
disagreement with a specific viewpoint, giving out advantages and
disadvantages of different options.
- Being able to answer questions
after fluent and natural presentation without tension or causing tension to
the audience.
- Being able to present complex
presentations emphasizing main points with clear illustrative details.
Level
5
- Presenting in a clear way
presentations scientifically organized about a complex subject; expanding and
strengthening their own opinions with relevant arguments and illustrative
examples.
- Well controlling emotion when
speaking, expressing ideas naturally and almost no need of effort.
Level
6
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2.2.2. Speaking
with interaction
2.2.2.1. General
description about speaking skill with interaction
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Being able to communication at
simple level, with slow speaking rate and frequently asking the interlocutor
to repeat or expressing their ideas again.
- Being able to ask questions and
answer simple questions, speaking and responding to simple imperative
sentences in the field of interest and about familiar subjects.
Level
2
- Being able to communicate about
simple issues, exchanging simple information directly about familiar issues
related to work and daily life but unable to maintain the dialogue by their
own way.
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Level
3
- Being able to use simple
language to deal with most situations commonly arising while traveling.
- Being able to begin a dialogue
about familiar subject without prior preparation; expressing personal
viewpoints and exchanging information about familiar subject in daily life.
- Communicating relatively
confidently about familiar or unfamiliar issues related to the fields of
expertise or fields of interest.
- Exchanging, checking and
confirming information and processing rare situations.
- Expressing thoughts about
abstract cultural subjects such as movies and music.
Level
4
- Communicating quite fluently
and naturally with Vietnamese people.
- Being able to explain important
contents through personal experiences, clearly explaining and maintaining
viewpoint with relevant arguments and demonstrations.
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- Communicating naturally and
well using grammatical structures without difficulty in expression to be
consistent with situation.
Level
5
- Communicating fluently and
naturally with the Vietnamese people without much effort.
- Mastering a large vocabulary
easily processing complex situations of language without trying to find way
of expression or evading questions.
Level
6
- Being able to use idioms,
colloquial parlance and understanding figurative meanings.
- Being able to use means of expression
of language modal to express correct and reasonable nuances of meaning.
- Expressing very fluently and
correctly complex contents, including the ones of trained expertise.
2.2.2.2. Dialogue
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Specific
description
Level
1
- Knowing how to introduce and
greet in basic communication.
- Knowing how to exchange simple
information with the interlocutor in general dialogues.
Level
2
- Processing short social
communications but not yet maintaining the dialogue by their own way.
- Using way of polite and simple
greetings in daily life.
- Making and responding to
invitations, proposals, apology and thank.
- Telling what they like and
dislike.
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Level
3
- Participating in dialogues
about familiar subjects without prior preparation, sometimes still meeting
difficulty in expressing exactly what they want to say.
- Being able to realize daily dialogues
directly but sometimes still ask back the specific words and phrases.
- Expressing emotion and behaving
before emotions like surprise, happiness, sadness, interest and indifference.
Level
4
- Participating in dialogues
about most general subjects in a clear manner even when there are noises and
interference.
- Maintaining relationship with
the Vietnamese people without intentionally causing upset to them.
- Expressing emotional degrees
highlighting events and personal experiences.
Level
5
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Level
6
- Using language flexibly,
comfortably and effectively about personal and social life, including
emotional expression, innuendo, perisphrasis, joke.
2.2.2.3. Trading,
sale and services
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Simply doing trading of goods
and services.
- Using numbers to do trading on
price, quantity, cost and time.
Level
2
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- Being able to get basic
information about goods and services at stores, post office and bank.
- Being able to request the
supply and understand information related to the number, quantity, price of
goods and services.
- Processing situations on
accommodation, eating and drinking, entertainment and shopping while
travelling.
Level
3
- Processing most arising
situations while travelling or organizing travels (reservation, paper
procedures with relevant organs).
- Being able to deal with unusual
situations at the stores, post offices, banks (like returning goods or making
complaints about products).
- Knowing how to explain an
arising issue and clarify causes for the services provider or customer to
make concession.
Level
4
- Being able to negotiate about
common things (like buying inappropriate train or bus ticket, ticket delay,
compensation upon damages to house, fault related to accident, responsibility
to pay for damages
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- Explaining the arising issues
and requiring the concession from the services provider or customer.
Level
5
- Identifying and understanding the
implication of the trading and services. Being able to express fluently,
instantly without diffficulty in finding words to express; using language
flexibly and effectively in trading and services.
Level
6
- Easily carrying out the trading
and sale in most complex situations.
2.2.2.4. Interview
and interview response
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Level
2
- Being able to respond to
interview and confirming viewpoint by simple parlance.
- Being able to make the
interviewer understand and exchanging opinions and information about familiar
subjects, sometimes still needing to repeat the question or to express more
understandably.
Level
3
- Being able to provide necessary
and specific information in an interview or opinion consultation (ex:
describing symptoms upon health examination) but with limited accuracy.
- Being able to interview others
(with prior preparation), checking and confirming information, sometimes
still needing to request the repeat from the speaker.
- Having some new or different
ideas in an interview/opinion consultation (ex: giving out a new subject) but
much depended on the interlocutor.
- Being able to use the
questionaire prepared for easy implementation of an interview with structure
available.
Level
4
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- Giving out opinions, expanding
and developing subject during interview if any assistance or encouragement
from the interviwer.
Level
5
- Fully participating in an interview
as the questioner or the respondent; expanding and developing viewpoints,
discussing fluently without any assistance; well processing the expressions
of modal of Vietnamese language.
Level
6
- Following long dialogues,
participating as the role of interviewer or respondent naturally; fluently
speaking the contents of trained expertise.
2.2.3. Accuracy
of speaking skills
2.2.3.1. Pronunciation
and fluency
Level
Specific
description
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- Making relatively clear and accurate
pronunciation of tone of short words/sentences at very slow rate.
- Using very short and separate
sentences, mainly learnt simple structures, still confusing about the pitch
of the tone in pronunciation and hesitating upon expression.
Level
2
- Making clear and relatively
accurate pronunciation of tones when using short sentences, sometimes the
interlocutor still requests repeat.
- Being able to make the
interlocutor undertand their opinions by adding small details but still
hesitating, truncating ideas and meeting difficulty when finding way to
re-express.
Level
3
- Making clear pronunciation with
correct tone, distinguishing difficult consonants such as: g, t, th, kh,
ng and dipthongs, prevocalic sounds, syllables, sometimes accents are not
natural and incorrect pronunciation.
- Expressing with easy
understanding long sentences, sometimes making mistakes of
pronunciation/word/structure use.
Level
4
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- Communicating easily and
relatively fluently even when speaking complex and long passages.
Level
5
- Being able to change intonation
naturally almost like Vietnamese people to express the subtle nuances of
meaning.
- Fluently and naturally
expressing ideas, almost no difficulty, except for some subjects with
difficult concepts.
Level
6
- Although still having exotic
accent but can change intonation, showing the subtle nuances of meaning as
the Vietnamese people.
- Expressing ideas naturally,
continuously without hesitation, except when choosing words, for example
choosing the most appropriate explanation.
2.2.3.2. Conformity
with social language
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Specific
description
Level
1
- Using some relatively simple
grammatical structures learnt.
- Using groups of word and way of
simplest polite expression of daily life (like greetings, introduction,
invitation, thank, apology)
Level
2
- Using a lot of simple
grammatical structures learnt.
- Using some polite way of
speaking with please, yes.
- Using some appropriate ways of
expression related to daily subjects.
- Being able to communicate in
accordance with simple situations in family, class and common work.
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
- Using basic vocabulary and
grammar with relative accuracy but still meeting difficulty when trying to
express complex thoughts or unfamiliar subjects and situations.
- Communicating in many common
situations and using language appropriately.
- Using with relative accuracy
the ways of polite speaking and having way of response in accordance with
daily communication situations at school and workplace.
Level
4
- Well using relatively complex
vocabulary and grammatical structures in communication; sometimes still
needing assistance to choose appropriate words.
- Expressing ideas naturally,
clearly and politely with formal and informal language in accordance with
communication situations.
Level
5
- Using the way of pronunciation,
large vocabulary and complex grammatical structure in communication
accurately, confidently and effectively; sometimes still pausing sentences,
transferring and finding other ways of expression.
- Identifying many idiomatic or
colloquial ways of expression, feeling changes of way of communication;
sometimes still asking back details, especially when listening to unfamiliar
accents or fast speaking rate.
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
- Using way of pronunciation,
very large vocabulary and difficult grammatical structures in communication
by natural parlance of Vietnamese people accurately, appropriately and
effectively.
- Using the idiomatic or
colloquial ways of expression and know how to distinguish levels of meaning.
- Perceiving the effects in terms
of language – society – culture and society of Vietnamese people.
- Understanding and grasping the
differences in terms of language – society – culture and society of
Vietnamese people.
2.3. Reading
skills
2.3.1. General
description of reading skills
Level
Specific
description
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
- Understanding very short and
simple text passages about learnt subjects such aas self, family, school,
class, friends.
Level
2
- Understanding short and simple text
passages about familiar and specific problems; Being able to use words
usually encountered in work and daily life.
Level
3
- Reading and understanding texts
containing clear information about subjects related to the fields of
expertise and interest.
Level
4
- Reading in a relatively
independent and adjusting the way of reading and reading rate according to
each type of text, purpose of reading as well as optional use of appropriate
reference sources. Having large vocabulary to actively serve the reading
process but still meeting difficulty with idioms rarely appearing.
Level
5
- Understanding details of long
and complex texts, including the ones not in their field of expertise
provided that the difficult passages are re-read.
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- Understanding, choosing and
using with comments and assessments of most types of texts, including the
ones with complex structure and content or works of literature and other
types.
- Understanding many types of
complex and long texts, perceiving the differences between the literal and
figurative meaning and different kinds of style.
2.3.2. Reading for information
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Recognizing proper name, familiar
words and basic phrases on simple notes commonly encountered in daily
communication situations.
Level
2
- Searching specific and easily
guessed information in simple texts commonly encountered such as advertising,
menu, reference lists and timetables.
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- Understanding common symbols,
signs, notices in public places (such as on the streets, in restaurants, bus
stations, railway stations) or at workplace (eg signposts, instruction signs
or warning signs).
Level
3
- Realizing and understanding
relevant information in texts and materials used everyday such as mails,
advertising information and short texts.
Level
4
- Identifying main information
and conclusions in clear discourse texts without necessity of detail.
Level
5
- Undertanding articles and reports
concerning current affairs in which the authors demonstrate their specific
stance or pointview.
Level
6
- Understanding types of complex
and long texts; Being able to read for information and argue the contents of
trained expertise.
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Understanding short and simple
messages on postcard.
- Understanding and following
direction exactly of simple direction signs (ex going from X to Y).
Level
2
- Understanding types of basic
electronic mail and texts (inquiry, order, confirmation) about familiar
subjects.
- Understanding types of simple
and short personal mail.
- Understanding regulations (ex:
safety regulation) expressed with simple language.
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Level
3
- Understanding description
passages of events, emotions and wishes in personal mail sufficiently to
respond to the writer.
- Understanding use instructions
clearly and coherently written for a specific equipment.
Level
4
- Reading mail related to their
hobbies and easily grasping main meaning.
- Understanding long and complex
instruction texts in their field of expertise, including details of condition
and warning if reading the difficult passages again.
Level
5
- Understanding types of mail
written in Vietnamese language but sometimes needing to use dictionary.
- Understanding long and complex
instructions about a new type of machine or procedure (even unrelated to
their field of expertise) but still needing to re-read difficult passages.
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- Easily understanding most
contact mails or texts including the ones in the field of trained expertise.
2.4. Writing
skills
2.4.1. General
description of writing skills
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Writing short phrases and
simple sentences about self, family, school, class and workplace.
Level
2
- Writing simple clauses and sentences
linked with each other by conjunctions such as: and, but, because.
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
- Writing simple and passages and
articles linking with familiar subjects or field of interest in certain
logical order.
Level
4
- Writing detailed and clear articles
about familiar subjects and various fields of interest; knowing how to
aggregate and assess information and argue from different sources.
Level
5
- Writing articles clearly and in
detail with tight layout about complex subjects; knowing how to highlight
important ideas, expand and consolidate viewpoint at some paragraphs with
specific evidences and examples and ending the article with an appropriate
conclusion.
Level
6
- Writing articles clearly with logical
and close layout, fluent and harmonious style about complex fields, helping
the readers to easily identify the important points in the article.
2.4.2. Essay writing
Level
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Level
1
- Writing simple phrases and sentences
about self and others; imagining their living place and work.
Level
2
- Writing sequences of phrase or
simple sentences about themselves and their families, living conditions,
learning process, current or last work.
- Writing short imaginary
biography.
Level
3
- Describing in detail and easy
to understand the familiar subjects in their fields of interest.
- Writing simple articles with
linked experiences, describing their emotion and reaction.
- Describing an event or a last
trip (true or imaginary).
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Level
4
- Describing in detail and
clearly the imaginary or true events or experiences, expressing the logical
link between ideas in the article following the convention of text category.
- Describing in detail and
clearly the subjects of interest.
- Writing commentary about a
movie, a book or a play.
Level
5
- Writing descriptive essays
creatively, clearly, in detail with close structure, natural style,
personality and in accordance with audience.
Level
6
- Writing descriptive essays of
experience and stories clearly, apparently, profoundly, attractively with
style consistently with the chosen category.
2.4.3. Report
and essay writing
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Specific
description
Level
1
- Ability to write essay and
report in Vietnamese language is not required.
Level
2
- Ability to write essay and
report in Vietnamese language is not required.
Level
3
- Writing short and simple essays
about subjects of interest.
- Briefing reports and presenting
assessment opinions to the information collected from reality or accumulated
about daily familiar issues.
- Writing short reports in
standard format; providing practical information and stating the reasons for
recommendations given out in the report.
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
- Writing essays or reports in
which the arguments are used systematically, indicating main ideas with
consistent illustrations.
- Assessing different opinions
and solutions of an issue.
- Writing essays or reports of
argument type stating the reasons for agreement or disagreement with a
certain viewpoint and explaining advantages and disadvantages of such
solutions.
- Aggregating information and
arguments from various sources.
Level
5
- Writing commentaries clearly
with close structure about complex subjects highlighting the relevant
important points.
- Being able to write, deploy
ideas and consolidate their viewpoints at some passages with certain length
of specific ideas, reasons and evidences.
Level
6
- Writing reports and essays with
reasonable and effective structure helping readers to see the important
points.
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2.4.4. Writing
for interaction
2.4.4.1. General
description about writing for interaction
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Presenting or providing personal
information in writing.
Level
2
- Writing short notes, using
forms about the fields of interest.
Level
3
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
- Being able to write letter and
personal notes as required or communicating simple information directly
related to the viewpoints considered important.
Level
4
- Communicating information and expressing
their viewpoint and of others effectively in writing.
Level
5
- Expressing themselves clearly,
correctly and flexibly to the information recipient.
Level
6
- Writing coherently and
correctly and distinguishing subtle differences in meaning in the contents of
trained expertise.
2.4.4.2. Contact mail writing
Level
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
Level
1
- Writing to answer a postcard.
Level
2
- Writing simple personal mail
for thank or apology.
Level
3
- Writing personal mail to
describe in detail experience, emotion, event.
- Writing mail at level of
providing personal information, expressing thought about subjects related to
work, learning and cultural, music and movie subjects.
Level
4
- Writing mail to express
emotion, attitude, personal ideas, answering and commenting about opinion and
viewpoint of mail recipient.
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ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66
- Expressing themselves clearly
and correctly in personal mails, using language flexibly and effectively (expressing
emotional levels, innuendo or joke).
Level
6
- Writing mails coherently and
correctly; distinguishing subtle differences in meaning in transactions,
including ones about trained expertise.
2.4.4.3. Recording,
text messaging and form filling
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Writing and filling out
numbers, date, proper name, nationality, address, age, date of birth (like
filling out the Vietnam entry declaration form or hotel registration form).
Level
2
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- Writing short and simple notes
related to the issues of interest.
Level
3
- Writing simple notices related
to friends, service employee, teacher and people frequently met and
clarifying important points in notices.
- Writing notices to request or
explain a specific issue.
Level
4
- Recording and writing notices
with detailed and clear contents about various subjects, giving out viewpoint
about an issue, strong point and weak point of plans in case of option.
Level
5
- Recording and writing clear,
close and detailed notices about complex subjects, showing text organization
ability, well using words, and linking instruments in texts.
Level
6
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2.4.5. Text processing
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Writing simple words or short
texts presented in the form of standard printing.
Level
2
- Choosing and re-writing important
words, phrases or short sentences in a moderate passages according to ability
and experience.
- Re-writing short texts
presented in the form of printing or hand-writing.
Level
3
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- Re-expressing in a simple way
the short passages but still styling and keeping the order of events as in
original text.
Level
4
- Summarizing types of real or fictional texts,
giving out comments and discussing opposing viewpoints and the main subjects.
- Summarizing excerpts from newspapers, interviews or
viewpoints and opinions in materials related to argument and discussion.
- Summarizing plot or sequence of events in a film or a play.
Level
5
- Summarizing long and difficult
texts.
Level
6
- Summarizing information from
different sources, aggregating and writing it into a presentation with close,
clear and coherent argument.
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Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Having basic knowledge about
method of expression of personal information and specific needs.
Level
2
- Having basic language knowledge
to deal with known situations occurring everyday, but sometimes the writer still
has to modify the contents of message and find words.
- Shortly expressing simple needs
in daily life such as: personal information, habits, wishes, hobbies, news
exchange.
- Using these types of simple sentences, phrases, short phrases learnt by heart or the patterns of communication to present about themselves, others, work, place or a certain possession.
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- Having enough words to describe
unexpected or unplanned situations.
- Having enough words to clearly
explain and expressing thoughts about main and important points of abstract
issues or cultural subjects like music and movies.
- Having enough words to express
wishes but sometime feeling unconfident or expressing wordily (due to
shortage of words) about subjects such as: family, interests, hobbies, work,
travelling and occurring events;
Level
4
- Being able to express about
themselves in a clear and coherent way.
- Having enough words to express
viewpoint and making clear argument.
- Being able to use some type of
complex sentence for expression.
Level
5
- Having large vocabulary enough
to express about themselves clearly and comfortably and choosing words to
present in the most appropriate way.
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- Being able to use language in a
wide range, control words consistently to express
thoughts correctly; knowing how to emphasize, distinguish and eliminate
obscure elements.
- The writer’s expression ability
is very diversified and profound.
2.4.7. Vocabulary
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Having basic knowledge of
vocabulary including single words and phrases in specific situations.
Level
2
- Having enough vocabularies for
daily communication about familiar subjects and situations.
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Level
3
- Having enough vocabularies to
express subjects related to themselves but still wordily such as family, habits,
hobbies, work, daily life and occurring events.
Level
4
- Having quite large vocabularies
to express most expertise contents and general subjects.
- Being able to replace words in
a flexible way to avoid duplication, but still wordy and incoherent due to
shortage of vocabulary.
Level
5
- Having large vocabularies to
overcome the wordy expression or explanation due to shortage of vocabulary or
use other ways of expression.
- Understanding idioms and
proverbs.
Level
6
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- Identifying expressive meaning
and implicit meaning.
2.4.8. Vocabulary control
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Poor control of vocabulary.
Level
2
- Being able to control a
moderate number of vocabularies enough to express daily specific needs.
Level
3
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Level
4
- Using words correctly at quite
high level but still having misleading expression due to choosing incorrect
words but not causing difficulty to the communication process.
Level
5
- Being able to control well the
vocabulary, sometimes having small mistakes but no big mistake in using
words.
Level
6
- Always using vocabulary
correctly and rationally.
2.4.9. Grammatical
correctness
Level
Specific
description
...
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- Using with a limit a number of
grammatical structures and types of simple sentence learnt.
Level
2
- Using correctly a number of
simple grammatical structures but still making basic mistakes systematically.
However, the writers still try to express their opinions they wish to
communicate.
Level
3
- Communicating in a quite
correct way in familiar contexts.
- In general, having ability to
control the grammar well but still significantly affected by the mother
tongue; making mistakes but still clearly expressing opinions to be conveyed.
- Using quite correctly the types
of sentence commonly used related to familiar situations.
Level
4
- Controlling grammar well, sometimes
making minor mistakes in use of structures of sentence but seldom and usually
correcting them by themselves upon review.
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Level
5
- Always having high grammatical
correctness, seldom making mistakes and hard to detect them if any.
Level
6
- Always maintain the grammatical
control to the complex language structures in all situations.
2.4.10. Accuracy in spelling
Level
Specific
description
Level
1
- Rewriting short and familiar
words and phrases such as name of signboard or simple instructions, name of
everyday objects, shops and phrases frequently used.
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Level
2
- Rewriting short sentences about
everyday subjects (ex: words of way direction, instructions on accommodation
rent).
- Rewriting with correct spelling
(not necessarily absolutely correct) short words after listening
pronunciation verbally.
Level
3
- Writing understandable passages
from beginning to end in which the spelling, punctuation, paragraph layout
are enough correct for the readers to easily follow.
Level
4
- Writing a passage which is
coherent, understandable with standard layout and segment. However, the
spelling and punctuation are not absolutely correct, still affected by mother
tongue.
Level
5
- Layout, segment and use of
punctuation are uniform and rational.
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Level
6
Writing without any mispelling.
IV. Table of Vietnamese language
ability self-assessment
The Table of Vietnamese ability self-assessment
is used for the learners to assess their Vietnamese language ability by
themselves so that they could plan and develop roadmap and method of learning
and self-learning of Vietnamese language.
Level
Text receiving skills
Text forming skills
Interaction skills
Listening
...
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Speaking
Writing
Speaking
Writing
Level 1
Identifying
familiar words and groups of word about themselves, family and surrounding environment
when the speaker speaks slowly and clearly
-
Identifying familiar words and groups of word and simple sentences
related to themselves, family and close surrounding environment.
Understanding
short advertising texts and notices
Using
simple phrases and sentences to speak about familiar subjects such as about
themselves, family, school...
...
...
...
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Asking
and answering simple questions concerning familiar subjects about themselves,
family, school, when people speak slowly, clearly and sometimes repeat to
help express what they want to speak.
Writing
simple and short postcard.
Filling
out forms with personal parameters (ex: filling name, nationality and address
in the room reservation form).
Level 2
- Understanding
groups of word usually used about direct relevant subjects like family,
shopping, occupation...
-
Understanding main ideas in short, clear and simple announcements
Understanding
words usually encountered about the fields directly related to themselves(ex:
basic information related to individuals and familiy, shopping, local
geography, work)
Understanding
main ideas of short and clear texts.
Using
phrases and sentences learnt to simply describe their families and others;
living conditions, learning process and current or last job.
...
...
...
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Being
able to communicate in everyday simple situations about themselves, family
and residence.
Implementing
simple and familiar communications but not yet maintain dialogue.
Writing
simple and short messages within the urgent scope and needs
Writing
a very simple personal mail (ex: thank-you letter)
Level 3
- Understanding
main ideas of standard, clear speeches about familiar issues usually
encountered in work, school, entertainment, including simple and short
stories
-
Understanding main ideas of broadcasting or television programs about current
affairs or subjects of interest when the speech is relatively slow and
clear.
Understanding
main ideas of standard and clear texts about familiar issues usually
encountered in work and learning.
Understanding
events, emotions, wishes and personal mails.
...
...
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Giving
out reasons to explain about their viewpoints and plans.
Telling
simple stories about a book or film and expressing their thoughts.
Writing
a simple article with layout about a familiar subject or subject of interest
Being
able to communicate without prior preparation about everyday familiar
subjects related to personal hobbies, life, or general information (ex:
family, hobbies, work, tourism and occurring events).
Writing
article with simple layout about familiar subjects or personal interests.
Writing
mail to describe experience or feeling.
Level 4
-
Understanding long statements or lectures; following and understanding complex
arguments about subjects of interest or relatively familiar subjects.
-
Understanding most current affair programs on television and movies using
standard language.
...
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Understanding
articles about contemporary literature.
Expressing
in detail and clearly various subjects related to the subjects of interest.
Explaining
a certain viewpoint about a current issue and pointing out advantages and
disadvantages of different plans
Writing
article about different issues of interest.
Writing
an essay or report communicating information or giving out reasons for agree
or disapprove a specific viewpoint.
Being
able to communicate relatively fluently and naturally with Vietnamese people.
Actively
participating in discussion about familiar subjects, explaining and
protecting their viewpoints.
Writing
mail to express the importance of event or experience for themselves.
Level 5
...
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-
Understanding television programs and watching films without much effort.
Understanding
long texts, complex works of literature and perceiving the style.
Understanding
long articles of specialized contents or technical instructions even when no
relation to their field of expertise.
Expressing
in detail and clearly a complex subjects including minor subjects, delving
into some specific issues and making appropriate conclusions.
...
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Writing
an essay expressing clearly with tight layout and presenting viewpoint with with a certain
length.
Writing
mail, essay or report on complex subjects highlighting problems in which the
society is very interested.
Being
able to choose style appropriate to
the readers.
Expressing
their opinions fluently, naturally without any difficulty when finding ways
to express opinions.
Being
able to use the language flexibly and effectively for social and professional
purposes.
Giving
out correct opinions and viewpoints and skillfully
steered the story with others.
Writing
a reply with clear, correct, flexible and effective expression and consistent
style.
Level 6
- Absolutely
having no difficulty in understanding all statements whether listening
directly or through means of communication even when at the natural speaking
rate of Vietnamese people but there must be a period of time to become
familiar with the accent.
...
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Understanding
and analyzing critically almost all types of text, including abstract and
difficult ones in terms of structure and language and literary and
non-literary works
Understanding
many types of long and complex, perceiving the subtle differences about
styles, discourse and explicit meaning.
Describing
or discussing clearly and fluently and stylish in accordance with the context
with logical structure and effectiveness, making the listeners interest and
remember important points.
Writing
a clear and coherent essay with consistent style.
Writing
complex mail, report to present complex events with
logical structure,
which helps the readers
to realize and remember the important points.
Writing
commentary about works of expertise as well as works of literature.
Participating
in any dialogue or discussion; no difficulty in using idioms and colloquial
language.
Express
opinions fluently and conveying nuances of meaning subtly and correctly. In
case of difficulty, being able to express another way skillfully and fluently
to the extent that the interlocutor hardlly recognizes it
Reaching
a writing level with interaction and ability to distinguish subtle
differences in meaning in complex situations including the contents of
trained expertise.
...
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