THE PRIME
MINISTER
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|
SOCIALIST REPUBLIC
OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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|
No. 1829/QD-TTg
|
Hanoi, October
28, 2015
|
DECISION
RATIFICATION
OF ACTION PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMOBIL AND AUTOMOBILE PART INDUSTRY TO IMPLEMENT
VIETNAM’S INDUSTRIALIZATION STRATEGY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF VIETNAM – JAPAN
COOPERATION TOWARDS 2020 AND AN ORIENTATION TOWARDS 2030
THE PRIME MINISTER
Pursuant to the Law on Government organization
dated December 25, 2001;
Pursuant to the Prime Minister’s Decision No.
1043/QD-TTg dated July 01, 2013 on ratification of Vietnam’s industrialization
strategy within the framework of Vietnam – Japan cooperation towards 2020 and
an orientation towards 2030;
At the request of the Ministry of Industry and
Trade,
DECIDES:
Article 1. The Action plan
for development of automobil and automobile part industry to implement
Vietnam’s industrialization strategy within the framework of Vietnam – Japan
cooperation towards 2020 and an orientation towards 2030 under the Prime
Minister’s Decision No. No. 1043/QD-TTg dated July 01, 2013 is promulgated
together with this Decision.
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Article 3. Ministers, Heads
of ministerial agencies, Heads of Governmental agencies, Presidents of the
People’s Committees of provinces, relevant organizations and individuals are
responsible for the implementation of this Decision./.
THE PRIME
MINISTER
Nguyen Tan Dung
ACTION PLAN
DEVELOPMENT
OF AUTOMOBIL AND AUTOMOBILE PART INDUSTRY TO IMPLEMENT VIETNAM’S
INDUSTRIALIZATION STRATEGY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF VIETNAM – JAPAN COOPERATION
TOWARDS 2020 AND AN ORIENTATION TOWARDS 2030
I. FACTS
1. Position and role of Vietnam’s
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Statistics show that in comparison with other
industries, the contribution of Vietnam’s automobile industry to the economy in
general and industry in particular is not significant. However, experience of
other countries show that with approprite development policies and a large
enough domestic market, the automobile industry will bring enormous economic,
social, and technological benefits. Vietnam is a middle income country with a
large population. This make it a potential automobile market. According to
forecasts, the motorization period will take place from 2020 to 2025. Until
then, if not produced at home, Vietnam will have to import automobiles to
satisfy demand. Moreover, there is a dramatic shift of automobile manufactures
and assemblers from Europe and America to Asia, which will change the global
situation of the automobile industry. Therefore, development of the automobile
industry needs to be considered a long-term solution for achivement of
industrialization and modernization which will help Vietnam get deeper into the
global value chain, stimulate development of relevant industries, take
advantage of the global investment shift, prepare for the motorization period
and satisfy demand of the people, and help reduce trade deficit.
2. Manufacture and consumption of automobiles
a) In the world and the region
According to OICA, the global production of
automobiles in 2013 is 87.3 million vehicles. After the steep decrease to 61.8
million automobiles in 2009 because of the crisis in 2008, the global
production has been recovered and differs from region to region. Asia is still
able to maintain its leading position with the productino of over 45.7 million
vehicles in 2013. The second in America with 21.1 million vehicles, while the
productin of Europe is below 20 million vehicles.
According to a global survey of KPMG in 2012
reverals that the tendency of the automobile industry in the next 15 years will
be development of electric vehicles, modified urban vehicles, and smart
vehicles. Besides, the automobile industry still has to face challenges in
terms of environment, urbanization, and change of consumers’ behaviours.
ASEAN is now considered one of the largest
automobile factory. Most major automobile manufacturers have their factories
located within this region such as Ford, GM, BMW, Daimler, Chrysler,
Mitsubishi, Mazda, Toyota, Isuzu, Honda, Nissan, etc. Some of its members
including Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippine, and Vietnam have
determined that automobile industry is very important to their economies.
One decade ago, the production of Thailand was only
411,000 vehicles per year, which made up 0.7% of global production. Nowadays,
Thailand’s production is 2.4 million vehicles/year (2013), is among the top 10
countries with highest automobile production, and is the country with highest
production of pick-up trucks which are exported all over the world. Automobile
industry has become the largest manufacturing industry of this Thailand.
In indonesia, thee automobile industry has recently
experience rapid growth with the average growth rate of 20% per year. Its
production and sales in 2013 exceeds 1.2 million vehicles have made it one of
the countries that sell 1 million vehicle/year two years ahead of schedule. In
Indonesia’s economic development planning 2011 - 2015 (MP3EI) published in May
2011, Indonesia’s government determined that automobile industry plays a
pivotal role in its economic development. MPV and compact ecological vehicles
are given priority in order to maximize the market capacity for the automobile
industry.
Malaysia’s production of automobiles reached
601,407 vehicles in 2013, which made up 0.68% of global production. Its
domestic market is mostly controlled by two domestic manufacturers which are
Perodua and Proton.
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b) Vietnam’s market
Vietnam’s automobile market is still very small in
which only over 200,000 vehicles are sold per year. With the rates of import
duties of 15% - 20%, domestically assembled automobiles can satisfy 60% - 70%
demand. 5-seater cars and trucks are two decisive part of Vietnam’s automobile
industry. In 2014, the domestic automobile market starterd to boom, partly
because of more stable policies, and partly because 10% reduction in CEPT
import duty, from 60% to 50%, according to the commitment with ASEAN. In 2014,
both production and market capacity reached 120,000 vehicles; 5-seater car made
up 42.1% of nationawide production, trucks 25.1%, and the other types approximately
10% each.
During the period 2009 – 2013, the value of
imported automobiles and automobile parts in Vietnam reached 2.8 USD
billion/year, made up 1.85% of national import turnover. The most imported
products are automobile parts and components, which made up nearly 40% of
turnover from import of automobiles and parts thereof. With regard to CBU
automobiles, cars of fewer than 9 seats are the most imported which made up
over 50% of import of CBU automobiles. Korea and China are the biggest
exporting countries of Vietnam which made up 28% and 24% of Vietnam’s import
turnover respectively. The next biggest countries are Thailand and Japan, each
of which made up 15% of Vietnam’s import turnover.
Though the growth of the automobile industry is
still insignificant, its export turnover has grown pretty quickly. The export
turover of the entire industry was only 200 million USD in 2009 and exceeded
700 million USD in 2013. The average growth rate of the period 2009 – 2013 is
28.9% per year. The primary exports are automobile parts and components, which
made up 90%, and the primary importing markets are Japan and the USA.
Ancillary industries of the automobile industry are
still underdeveloped. The ratio of purchase of domestic parts varies depending
on the category and manufacturer (10% - 30% for vans, > 30% for trucks, >
40% for buses). Parts and components are largely manufactured in the factories.
The ratio of purchase is very low. Besides, 90% of existing suppliers are FDI
suppliers, only some of domestic suppliers are able to join the supply network
of automobile manufacturers and assemblers in Vietnam.
Though considered an industry that need protecting
and stimulating, automobile industry is still protected by high import duties
unader most bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation agreements. The
recent inconsistency and instability of policies (mostly related to taxes and
charges) have caused adverse impacts on its development. In 2014, the
Government ratified the Strategy and Planning for development of Vietnam’s
automobile industry by 2025 with an orientation towards 2035, which emphasizes
the necessity of encouragement of its development by stable, consistent, and
long-term policies.
3. Existing issues of Vietnam’s automobile and
automobile components industry
Unlike apparel and textile, footwear, and
electronics which are compact and easily transported around the world,
manufacturers tend to gather at certain areas and export automobiles all around
the world. With its large sizes and inconvenient delivery, when the domestic
market is large enough, automobiles manufacturers are inclined to build
assembly factories and development supplier system right in the host country to
serve its market. Being aware of Vietnam’s potential market with a large population
and steadily growing economy, automobile manufacturers started to build
assembly factories in Vietnam 20 years ago. However, the growth of Vietnam’s
automobile market is not as expected by investors because of its policies. As a
result, the development of supplier network of assemblers is still slow.
2018 is considered a transitional year of Vietnam’s
automobile industry as import duties on CBU automobiles from ASEAN countries
into Vietnam are reduced to 0%. Vietnam has only 03 years to prepare and improve
the competitiveness of its automobile industry. If this short opportunity is
not seized, Vietnam will face the same consequences as the Philippines several
years ago when the underdeveloped market and unclear policies made
manufacturers and assemblers withdrew from the market and switched over to
import. As soon as the demand for automobiles dramaticly increases
(motorization period), automobiles would be imported to satisfy domestic demand
and cause serious trade deficit.
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- The domestic market is still small. In 2013,
Vietnam’s automobile market is onlye one third of that of the Philippines, one
fifth of Malaysia, and one tenth of Indonesia and Thailand.
- Car prices in Vietnam are higher than those in
other ASEAN countries (by 50 – 300 million VND compared to Thailand and
Indonesia – equivalent to 2,400 – 12,000 USD) because of higher production
cost. Vietnam’s special excise tax on cars of fewer than 9 seatsis also higher
than that of other ASEAN countries.
- The competitive pressure from other ASEAN
countries will increase at the end of tariff elimination period in under CEPT
where tax on all vehicles imported from ASEAN countries is 0%. Besides, other
commitments in ASEAN+6 also tend to cut taxes on automobiles more than MFN
commitments.
- Ancillary industries for the automobile industry
are still underdeveloped, human resources for the automobile industry in
particular and the mechanics/engineering in general still fail to meet automobile
manufacturers and assemblers’ requirements.
- Recent policies on automobile industry
development are inconsistent and usually short-term, thus caused difficulties
to manufacturers and assemblers in developing long-term production plans.
II. Orientation
Develop Vietnam’s automobile industry and
automobile components industries into an important industry of the economy with
satisfy most of domestic demand and participate deeply in the world’s
automobile manufacturing network.
III. TARGETS BY 2020
1. Maintain manufacturing, assembly operations, and
creation of domestic values till after 2018;
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3. Promote development of ancillary industries for
the automobile industry;
4. Reduce production costs, logistics costs, and
automobile prices;
5. Integrated into the reginoal and global
manufacturing networks by taking Vietnam’s competitive advantage; and
6. Comply with internatinoal commitments.
IV. STRATEGIC ISSUES
1. Issues related to taxes, fees and charges.
2. Low domestically-created values
3. Underdeveloped ancillary industries.
4. Unstatisfactory human resources.
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V. ACTION PLAN
No.
Action
Time
Presiding
authority
Cooperating
authority
A
Adjustment to taxes, fees and charges related
to automobiles
1
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Maintain policies on taxes, fees and charges
related to automobiles (SCT/OT/VAT; road maintenance charges, environmental
charges, etc.) with a stable itinerary in 10 yrears
From 2015
Ministry of
Finance
Ministry of
Industry and Trade and automobile manufacturers and assemblers
2
[Tax policies]
Reasonably adjust values subject to special
excise tax of domestically produced automobiles and imported automobiles
From 2015
Ministry of
Finance
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B
Support for domestic manufacture and increase
of domestically produced values
1
[Investment promotion policies]
- Add automobile industry and
automobile components industry on the list of industries eligible for
investment incentives in the new Decree on guidelines for the Law on
Investment.
2015
Ministry of
Planning and Investment
Ministry of
Industry and Trade, Ministry of Finance
2
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- Simplify procedures for
export, import, and transport of parts, components from export-processors to
serve the domestic market.
From 2015
Ministry of
Finance
Ministry of
Planning and Investment
3
[Policies on support for domestic production]
- Reduce import duties on
automobiles parts and components that cannot be produced domestically;
periodically review and revise the list of automobiles parts and components
eligible for reduced import duties.
From 2015
Ministry of
Finance
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4
[Solutions and policies on production cost
reduction]
- Study, implemetn
appropriate solutions and policies to reduce production cost of the domestic
automobile industry.
From 2015
Ministry of
Industry and Trade
Ministry of
Finance, Ministry of Planning and Investment
C
Development of ancillary industries
1
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Specify criteria for project evaluatoin, simplify
procedures for evaluating and approving projects to apply investment
incentives.
- Promulgate a Decree on
development of ancillary industries
2015
Ministry of
Industry and Trade
Ministry of Industry
and Trade, Ministry of Finance, and automobile manufacturers and assemblers
2
[Investment promotion policies]
Compile a list of ancillary products given
priority to develop in a more concentrated and selective manner.
- Amend Decision 1483/QD-TTg
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Ministry of
Industry and Trade
Ministry of
Finance, Ministry of Planning and Investment, and automobile manufacturers
3
[Investment promotion policies]
Add automobile industry and automobile components
industry to the list of key mechanical products given priority to develop.
- Admend Decision No.
10/2009/QD-TTg
2015
Ministry of
Industry and Trade
Ministry of
Planning and Investment, Ministry of Finance
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[Investment promotion policies]
Add some automobiles components and parts on the
list of hi-tech products
- Amend Decision 49/2010/QD-TTg
2015
Ministry of
Science and Technology
Ministry of
Industry and Trade, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Planning and Investment,
and automobile manufacturers
5
[Financial policies]
Provide certain capital sources from Fund for
development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for them to take loans to
invest in manufacturing equipment for ancillary industries serving the
automobile industry with concessional interest rates and loan terms, and
loosen mortgating conditions
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Ministry of
Finance
The State bank,
Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry of Planning and Investment
6
[Databas about ancillary industries and mechanics
industry]
Provide funding for development and update of the
database about ancillary industries and mechanics industry of the Ministry of
Industry and Trade
From 2015
Ministry of
Finance/ Ministry of Industry and Trade
Vietnam Chamber of
Commerce and Industry and automobile manufacturers
7
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Study, propose development of automobile industry
clusters to take advantage of existing industrial concentratino of enterprises
engaged in the automobile industry and provide a clear orientatino for new
investors and projects
From 2015
Ministry of
Planning and Investment
Ministry of
Industry and Trade
8
[Development of infrastructure for ancillary industries]
Build industrial parks dedicated to Japanese SMEs
with full supporting services
From 2015
Ministry of
Planning and Investment
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D
Development of human resources
1
[Grasp the reality of industrial human resources]
Examine, survey technical training institutions
(universities, colleges, vocational training institutions, etc.)
From 2015
Ministry of
Industry and Trade
Ministry of
Education and Training, Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs,
Ministry of Industry and Trade
2
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- Review, revise training programs to suit
enterprises’ demand with enterprises’ consultations
- Study, propose incentives and policies on
support for continuous training and admission of interns to Japanese
enterprises in Vietnam.
From 2015
Ministry of
Education and Training/ Ministry of Industry and Trade
Ministry of Labor,
War Invalids and Social Affairs, automobile manufacturers
3
[Standardization of industrial human
resources]
- Start issuing certificates of professinal
skills in the automobile industry, especially manufacturing of parts and
components)
- Develop a program for development of human
resources for the automobile industry in cooperation with foreign
organizations and enterprises
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Ministry of Labor,
War Invalids and Social Affairs
Ministry of
Industry and Trade
4
[Enhancement of international cooperation]
- Promote support by automobile manufacturers for
industrial facilities (especially maintenance and repair)
- Promote entry of Japanese experts into Vietnam
to support SMEs of Vietnam.
From 2015
Ministry of Labor,
War Invalids and Social Affairs
Ministry of
Industry and Trade
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Safety, environment, and infrastructure
1
Hold a forum for relevant parties (government,
enterprises, experts, non-profit organizations , etc.) to discuss issues related
to safety, environment, and infrastructure of the automobile industry.
From 2015
Ministry of
Industry and Trade
Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Science and Technology,
Ministry of Planning and Investment, Ministry of Transport
2
Conduct researches into safety, environment,
infrastructure of the automobile industry
From 2015
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Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry
of Planning and Investment, Ministry of Transport
VI. IMPLEMENTATION AND
SUPERVISION MECHANISM
1. Ministry of Industry and Trade has the
responsibility to:
- Assign units under its management to implement the
action plans;
- Cooperate with Ministries, regulatory bodies, and
local governments in implementing the action plan; submit annual reports to the
Steering Committee; review the result and effectiveness of the action plan and
report to the Prime Minister.
2. The Ministry of Planning and Investment has the
responsibility to:
- Take charge and cooperate with the Ministry of
Finance, relevant Ministries and agencies in determining and providing funding
from state budget to effectively implement the measures and supportive
activities; mobilize, control foreign sources of sponsorship, capital sources
from the society, and other capital sources to implement the action plan.
- Cooperate with relevant Ministries, regulatory
bodies, and local governments in performing the duties set out in the action
plan.
3. The Ministry of Finance has the responsibility
to:
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- Take charge and cooperate with the Ministry of
Planning and Investment in proposing cost estimates to competent authority and
providing sufficinet funding to implement the measures and supportive
activities
4. Relevant Ministries and agencies have the
responsibility to:
- Take charge and cooperate with relevant
Ministries and agencies in performing their duties set out in the action plan.
- Annually review the result and fulfillment of
their duties, submit a report to the Ministry of Industry and Trade for
reporting to the Steering Committee and the Prime Minister.
5. The People’s Committees of provinces and
management boards of industrial parks have the responsibility to:
- Perform their duties set out in the action plan.
- Annually review the result and fulfillment of their
duties, submit a report to the Ministry of Industry and Trade for reporting to
the Prime Minister.
6. Supervise the implementation of the action plan
- The Ministry of Industry and Trade is responsible
for overal supervision and evaluation of result of the action plan, submit
annual reports to the Steering Committee and the Prime Minister.
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- By December 15 every year, the Ministries
appointed to take charge of the actions in teh acton plan shall report the
result to the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
7. Revisions to the action plan
Difficulties that arise during the implementation
of the action plan, the Ministry of Industry and Trade shall propose reasonable
revisions to the action plan to the Steering Committees./.