THE STANDING
COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM
Independence - Freedom – Happiness
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LAW
ON VALUE ADDED TAX
In order to boost production,
to expand the circulation of goods and services, to promote the development of
the national economy and to mobilize part of consumers income for the State
Budget;
Pursuant to the 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam;
This Law defines the value added tax.
Chapter I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1.-
Value added tax
Value added tax is the tax
imposed on the added value of goods or services in the process of their
production, circulation and consumption.
Article 2.- Tax
liability
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Article 3.- Tax
payers
An organization or an individual
that produces and trades in taxable goods and services (commonly referred to as
"business establishments") and any organizations and individuals that
import taxable goods (commonly referred to as "importers") are liable
to value added tax.
Article 4.- Subjects
not liable to the value added tax
The following goods and services
shall not be subject to value added tax:
1. Agricultural, husbandry and
aquaculture products that are not yet processed into other products or are only
primarily processed by organizations or individuals.
2. Salt products;
3. Goods and services that are
subject to special consumption tax shall be exempt from the value added tax;
4. Equipment, machinery,
specialized transport means which are not manufactured in the country but
imported by business establishments to be used as fixed assets of their
investment projects;
5. Transfer of land use right,
which is subject to the transfer of land use right tax;
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7. Credit services, investment
funds;
8. Life insurance; school
insurance; insurance on domestic animals and plants; and other kinds of
insurance of non-business character;
9. Health care services;
10. Non-profit cultural,
exhibition and sports activities; art performances; making, distribution and
showing of motion pictures and video documentaries;
11. Educational and vocational
training;
12. Radio and television
broadcast under programs financed by the State Budget;
13. Printing, publishing and
distributing of newspapers, magazines, professional news bulletins, political
books, text books, books on legal documents, books in ethnic minority
languages, money; propaganda postcards, pictures, posters;
14. Public services: sanitation
and water drainage in streets and residential quarters, maintenance of zoos,
gardens, parks, street greenery, public lighting; funeral services;
15. Maintenance, renovation and
construction of cultural, art and public works, infrastructures and
"houses of gratitude" financed by contributions of people and
humanitarian aid;
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17. Geological surveys and
exploration, measuring and mapping which are included in the national basic
surveys;
18. Irrigation and drainage in
service of agricultural production; clean water exploited by organizations and
individuals for daily life in rural and mountainous regions, islands,
deep-lying and remote areas;
19. Weapons and ammunition for
special use in service of national defense and security;
20. Goods imported in the
following cases: humanitarian aid; non-refundable aid, gifts for State
agencies, political organizations, socio-political organizations, social
organizations, socio-professional organizations, peoples armed forces units;
belongings of foreign organizations and individuals under diplomatic immunity
regulations; duty free luggage;
21. Goods on transfer across the
border, in transit or transported via Vietnam; goods temporarily imported for
re-export; goods temporarily exported for re-import;
22. Goods and services directly
supplied for international transportation and consumers outside Vietnam;
23. Transfer of technology;
24. Gold imported in form of
ingots or pieces not yet processed into fine art items, jewelleries or other
products;
25. Several export products
which are unprocessed minerals and shall be specified by the Government;
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Goods and services that are not
subject to value added tax as provided for in this Article shall not be
entitled to deductions and rebates on the input value added tax .
Article 5.- Obligations
and responsibility to implement the Law on Value Added Tax
1. Business establishments and
importers shall be obliged to pay the full amount of tax on time as prescribed
by this Law.
2. Tax authorities, within their
duties and capacity, shall have to strictly observe the provisions of this Law.
3. State bodies, political
organizations, socio-political organizations, social organizations,
socio-professional organizations, and peoples armed forces units shall, within
their functions, duties and capacity supervise and co-ordinate with tax
authorities in enforcing the Law on Value Added Tax.
4. Vietnamese citizens shall
have to assist tax authorities and tax officials in enforcing this Law.
Chapter II
BASIS AND METHOD OF TAX
CALCULATION
Article 6.- Basis
of tax calculation
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Article 7.- Taxable
price
The price for the value added
tax calculation is provided for as follows:
1. For goods and services, it
shall be the selling price without value added tax.
2. For import goods, it shall be
the import price at the border gate plus (+) import tax.
3. For goods and services used
for purposes of exchange, internal use, gifts, donations, it shall be the price
for value added tax calculation applied to goods and services of similar or
same types at the time such activities occur.
4. For property leasing
activities, it shall be the rental collected in each period of time.
5. For goods sold in the mode of
deferred payment, it shall be the selling price paid in a lump sum but not the
amount of money paid in each installment.
6. For the processing of goods,
it shall be the processing price.
7. For other goods and services,
it shall be decided by the Government.
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Where a tax payer has his/her
sale and purchase turnover in foreign currency(ies), he/she must convert such
foreign currency(ies) to the Vietnamese Dong at the official rate of exchange
announced by the State Bank of Vietnam at the time such turnovers occur to
determine the tax calculation price.
Article 8.- Tax
rate
Value added tax rates are as
follows:
1. 0% for export goods;
2. 5% for the following goods
and services:
a/ Clean water in service of
production and daily life;
b/ Fertilizer, ore used for the
production of fertilizer; insecticide; growth stimulants for domestic animals
and plants;
c/ Medical equipment and
instruments; medical bandage and cotton;
d/ Curative and preventive
medicines;
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f/ Children toys;
scientific-technical books, literary and stipulated books, books for children,
law books excluding legal document books stipulated in Clause 13, Article 4 of
this Law;
g/ Agricultural, husbandry and
aquaculture products that have not yet been processed, including animal and plant
breeds, seeds excluding those defined in Clause 1 Article 4 of this Law.
h/ Unprocessed forest products
(excluding timber and bamboo shoots) fresh and raw foodstuffs;
i/ Products made of jute, reed,
bamboo, sedge;
j/ Primarily processed
home-grown cotton;
k/ Feeds for cattle, poultry and
other domestic animals;
l/ Scientific and technical
services;
m/ Services in direct service of
agricultural production.
3. 10% tax for the following
goods and services:
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b/ Commercial electricity;
c/ Electronic and engineering
products, electric items;
d/ Chemicals, cosmetics;
e/ Yarn, fabrics, garments and
embroideries;
f/ Paper and paper products;
g/ Sugar, milk, confectionery,
drinks and other processed foodstuff .
h/ Pottery, ceramic, glass,
rubber and plastic products, wood and wood products; cement, bricks, tiles and
other construction materials;
i/ Construction and
installation;
j/ Transportation and loading;
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l/ Leasing houses, stores,
ports, buildings, machinery, equipment and transportation means;
m/ Legal consultancy services;
n/ Photographing, printing and
developing films, cassette tape recording, dubbing and renting; video shooting,
projecting and reproducing;
o/ Hair dressing, tailoring,
dyeing, laundering, bleaching;
p/ Other goods and services that
are not defined in clauses 1, 2 and 4 of this Article, excluding goods the
production or import of which are liable to special consumption tax.
4. A tax rate of 20% on the
following goods and services:
a/ Gold, silver and gems sold
and bought by business establishments;;
b/ Hotels, tourism, catering
services;
c/ Lottery of all kinds;
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e/ Brokerage services.
Where necessary, the Standing Committee
of the National Assembly may make amendments or supplements to the list of
goods and services according to various tax rates prescribed in this Article
and submit them to the National Assembly for approval in its nearest session.
Article 9.- Tax
calculation method
The payable value added tax
shall be calculated either by the method of tax deduction or the method of
direct calculation on the added value.
1. The method of tax deduction:
The tax amount payable is equal
(=) to the output value-added tax minus (-) the input value added tax.
An output value added tax amount
is equal to the tax-calculating price of goods and services to be sold or
provided multiplied by the tax rate.
An input value added tax amount
is equal to the total paid value added tax written on the invoice of added
value of a goods purchase or service provision or a voucher of paid value added
tax on import goods.
2. The method of direct
calculation on the added value
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The added value is equal (=) to
the payment price of goods sold and services provided minus (-) the payment
price of equivalent goods and services purchased.
The method of direct calculation
on added value shall be applied only to the following subjects:
a/ Individuals producing goods
and doing business, foreign organizations and individuals doing business in
Vietnam that are not governed by the Law on Foreign Investment in Vietnam and
that fail to fully implement regulations on accounting, invoices, vouchers to
serve as bases for tax calculation by the method of tax deduction;
b/ Business establishments
selling and purchasing gold, silver and gem stones.
Article
10.- Deduction of input value added tax
1. A business establishment that
pays value added tax by the method of tax deduction shall be entitled to the
deduction of input value added tax (called "input tax") as follows:
a/ Input tax imposed on goods
and services used for the production and trading of goods and services liable
to value added tax shall be fully deducted.
b/ Input tax imposed on goods
and services which are used for the production and trading of goods and
services liable to value added tax and which are not subject to value added tax
shall be deducted only from the input tax imposed on goods and services used
for the production and trading of goods and services liable to value added tax.
c/ Any input tax incurred in a
month shall be declared and deducted upon the calculation of payable tax amount
of such month.
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d/ In cases where a production
and/or processing establishment purchases unprocessed agricultural, forest or
aquatic products without added value invoice, the input tax shall be deducted
at a rate of 1% to 5% on the price of agricultural, forestry and aquatic
products bought. Specific deduction rates for each kind of goods shall be
determined by the Government.
The tax deduction provided for
in this Article shall not be apply to exports.
e/ For a number of other
exceptional cases, the input tax deduction shall be determined by the Government.
2. The following bases shall be
used to determine the input tax amount to be deducted:
a/ The amount of value added tax
written on the added value invoice for the purchase of goods or services or the
voucher of the payment of the value added tax. For goods or services bought
without added value invoices or with invoices that fail to state the added
value amount tax deductions must not be made.
b/ The invoice shall comply with
the form set by the tax authority for the types of goods defined at Point d,
Clause 1 of this Article.
Article
11.- Invoices, vouchers
1. Any purchases and sales of
goods and services must have invoices and vouchers as prescribed by law.
2. Business establishments
paying tax by the method of tax deduction shall have to use the added value
invoice where all prescribed items including sale price, surcharges, surtax,
value added tax amounts, payment price must be fully and accurately stated.
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3. With respect to the stamps
and tickets that are considered payment vouchers with the prices for payment
being already printed therein, such payment prices are considered having
already included the value added tax.
Chapter
III
REGISTRATION,
DECLARATION, PAYMENT AND SETTLEMENT OF TAX
Article
12.- Tax payment registration
1. All business establishments
including their member units shall have to register their value added tax
payment at the tax authorities that directly manage them according to the
latter�s guidances. For
newly set up business establishments, the time-limit for registration of value
added tax payment shall not be more than 10 days from the date they are granted
business registration certificates. In case of a merger, consolidation,
splitting, division, dissolution, bankruptcy or change in business line, a
business establishment shall have to make declaration with the tax authority
within 5 in advance.
2. If the business
establishments that pay tax by the method of direct calculation on added value
fully comply with all regulations on vouchers, invoices, books of account and
voluntarily apply for tax payment by the method of tax deduction, the tax
authority shall consider and decide the implementation.
Article
13.- Tax declaration
1. A business establishment
shall have to make monthly declaration of value added tax and submit such
declaration to the tax authority within the first ten days of the following
month. Where input tax and output tax do not incur, the business establishment
still have to make and submit the tax declaration to the tax authority.
Business establishments must fully complete the declaration form and be
responsible for the accuracy of their declaration.
2. Business establishments and
goods importers shall have to make and submit a declaration of value added tax
upon each importation, together with a declaration of import tax to the tax authority
at the border gate where the goods are imported.
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4. A business establishment that
trades different kinds of goods and services with different value added tax
rates, shall have to declare the value added tax according to the tax rate set
for each kind of goods and service; if a business establishment fails to
determine payable tax amount according to each tax rate, it shall have to
calculate and pay tax at the highest rate imposed on goods and services of such
business establishments.
The Ministry of Finance shall
issue the tax declaration form and provide guidance on the declaration.
Article
14.- Tax payment
Value added tax shall be paid to
the State budget in accordance with the following regulations:
1. Business establishments shall
have to pay fully and on time the value added tax into the State budget under
the tax payment notice issued by the tax authority.
The deadline for tax payment for
a month as stated in the notice shall not be later than the 25th day of the
following month;
2. Business establishments and
importers shall have to pay the value added tax upon each importation;
The deadlines for issuing notice
and payment of value added tax on import goods shall be the deadlines for the
import tax notice and payment;
3. During a taxation period if a
business establishment that pays the value added tax by the method of tax
deduction has the input tax amount larger than the output tax, it shall be
entitled to tax deduction for the following taxation period.
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4. Value added tax shall be paid
into the State budget in Vietnamese Dong.
Article
15.- Tax settlement
Business establishments shall
have to make the annual tax settlement with the tax authority. A tax settlement
year shall be the solar calendar year. Within 60 days from the end of a year, a
business establishment shall have to submit a report on tax settlement to the
tax authority and pay the outstanding tax amount to the State budget within 10
days from the date of submitting the report; in case of overpayment, such
amount of overpayment shall be minused from the tax amount payable for the
following period.
In case of a merger, amalgation,
division, splitting up, dissolution or bankruptcy, a business establishment
shall have to make the tax settlement and submit the report thereon to the tax
authority within 45 days from the date of the issue of the decision on merger,
amalgation, division, splitting up, dissolution or bankruptcy.
Article
16.- Tax reimbursement
The value added tax shall be
reimbursed in the following cases:
1. A business establishment that
is subject to the tax payment by the method of tax deduction shall be
considered for quarterly tax reimbursement if its deducted input tax amount of
the quarter is larger than the output tax or the input tax on its fixed assets
is reimbursed according to Point c, Clause 1, Article 10 of this Law;
2. There is an overpaid tax amount
in the tax settlement upon a merger, amalgamation, division, splitting,
dissolution or bankruptcy
3. Decision on tax
reimbursement, issued by the competent authority as prescribed by law.
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Article
17.- Duties, power and responsibilities of tax authorities
A tax authority shall have the
following duties:
1. To guide business
establishments that have business registration in observing the regulations on
tax registration, declaration and payment as prescribed by this Law.
2. To send business
establishments notices on payable tax amount and the deadline for such payment
in conformity with the regulations; to issue another notice on the payable tax
amount and fine for deferred payment under Clause 2 Article 19 of this Law if
past the deadline stated in the first notice a business establishment still
fails to pay tax; if a business establishment still fail to fully pay tax and
fine for deferred payment stated in the second notice, handling measures
provided for in Clause 4 Article 19 of this Law shall be applied to guarantee
full collection of tax and fine; if a business establishment still fails to pay
full amount of tax and fine even after the handling measures have been taken,
the dossier shall be submitted to the competent State body for handling in
accordance with law;
3. To examine and inspect the
tax declaration, payment and settlement by business establishments to ensure
compliance with law.
4. To deal with administrative
violations of tax and settle complaints and protests about tax;
5. To request taxpayers to
provide books of accounts, invoices, vouchers, and other documents relating to
the calculation and payment of tax; to request concerned credit institutions,
banks, organizations and individuals to provide documents relating to the
calculation and payment of tax;
6. To keep and use data,
materials provided by business establishments and other subjects in accordance
with regulations.
Article
18.- Right to set tax
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(a) Failure to implement or
having implemented improperly the regulations on accounting, invoices and vouchers;
(b) Failure to declare tax or to
submit the tax declaration within the time-limit stated in the notice; or
having submitted the tax declaration but falsely declared the basis for
determining the amount of value added tax;
(c) Refusing to produce books of
accounts, invoices, vouchers and necessary documents relating to the
calculation of value added tax;
(d) Found out to conduct
business without business registration.
2. The tax authorities shall set
the payable tax amount, based on their studies of business operations of
specific business establishments or on the payable tax amounts of other
business establishments with similar business lines and scale.
Where a business establishment
disagrees with the set payable tax amount, it shall be entitled to lodge
complaints directly to a senior tax authority; pending a resolution, such
business establishment is still obliged to pay the set amount of tax.
Chapter IV
HANDLING VIOLATIONS;
REWARD
Article
19.- Handling tax violations by tax payers
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1. A tax payer who fails to
comply with the regulations on tax registration, declaration, payment and
settlement, on the regime of accounting and vouchers and invoices as provided
for in Articles 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of this Law shall, depending on the
seriousness of their violations, be administratively sanctioned for tax
violations.
2. A tax payer who fails to pay
tax or fine on time as prescribed or as prescribed by a decision on tax settlement
shall, in addition to the full payment of such amounts of tax and fine, be
subject to a fine equal to 0.1% (zero Point one percent) of the deferred
payment each day.
3. A tax payer who makes a false
tax declaration or evades tax shall, in addition to the full payment of value
added tax prescribed by this Law, be subject to a fine equal to one to five
times of the fraudulent tax amount, depending on the nature and seriousness of
the violation; A tax payer evades a large amount of tax or repeats a tax
violation for which he/she/it was administratively sanctioned, or commits
another serious violation, shall be examined for penal liability as prescribed
by law;
4. A tax payer who fails to pay
tax or fine under the notice or decision on tax settlement shall be dealt with
as follows:
a/ An amount of money shall be
deducted from the tax payers deposit account at the bank, treasury, credit
institution to pay such tax and fine;
The bank, treasury or credit institution
shall have to deduct a sum of money from the tax payers deposit account for
payment of tax and fine into the State budget under the tax settlement decision
of the tax authority or the competent authority prior to debt collection.
b/ To seize goods, material
evidences to guarantee the full collection of tax and fine;
c/ To inventorize the properties
according to the provisions of law so as to secure full collection of
outstanding tax and fine.
Article
20.- Tax authorities competence to handle tax violations
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2. The head of the Tax
Department or sub-department that directly manages the tax collection shall be
entitled to apply measures prescribed in Clause 4, Article 19 of this Law, and
forward dossiers to the competent body for handling in accordance with the
provisions of law with regard to the violations described in Clause 3, Article
19 of this Law.
Article
21.- Handling violations committed by tax officials and other individuals
A tax official or individual who
abuses his/her position and power to misuse, misappropriate tax payments or
fines shall have to return to the State the whole tax payments or fines he/she
has misused or misappropriated and shall, depending on the seriousness and
nature of his/her breach, be disciplined or examined for penal liability as
prescribed by law.
2. A tax official or individual
who, due to irresponsibility or mishandling, causes damage to taxpayers shall
have to make compensation in accordance with the provisions of law and
depending on the seriousness and nature of his/her breach, be disciplined or
examined for penal liability as prescribed by law.
3. A tax official or individual
who abuses his/her position and power to act in complicity with or cover up the
violators of the Law on Value Added Tax or commits other acts of violating the
provisions of this Law, shall, depending on the nature and seriousness of
his/her breach, be disciplined or examined for penal liability as prescribed by
law.
4. Those who hinder or incite
other people to hinder the enforcement of the Law on Value Added Tax shall,
depending on the nature and seriousness of his/her violation, be subject to
administrative sanctions or examination for penal liability as prescribed by
law.
Article
22.- Reward
Any tax authorities or tax
official that well perform their assigned tasks; any organizations or
individuals that record achievements in implementing the Law on Value Added
Tax; and any tax payers who fulfil their tax obligations shall be rewarded.
The Government shall provide for
details of the reward.
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COMPLAINTS AND THE
STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS
Article 23.-
Rights and responsibilities of taxpayers in making complaints about tax
1. Tax payers shall have the
right to complain about improper enforcement of the Law on Value Added Tax by
tax officials and tax authorities.
Complaints shall be lodged to
the tax authority that directly manages the tax collection within 30 days from
the date of receipt of notice or handling decision of tax officials or tax
authorities.
Pending a resolution, a tax
payer shall still have to comply with the notice or the handling decision of
the tax authority.
2. In cases where a complainant
disagrees with a decision of the agency in charge of handling complaints, or
the complaint is not settled within the time limit set out in Article 24 of
this Law, he/she shall be entitled to lodge a complaint to the immediate higher
tax authority or initiate a lawsuit in accordance with the provisions of law.
Article
24.- Rights and responsibilities of the tax authority handling tax
complaints
1. Within 15 days from the date
of receipt of a tax complaint, the tax authority shall have to consider and
settle such complaint; for complicated cases, such time limit may be extended
but not exceeding 30 days; if the case is not within its jurisdiction, the tax
authority shall have to forward the dossiers or send a report to a competent
body for settlement and inform the complainant thereof within 10 days from the
date of receipt of the complaint.
2. The tax authority that
receives complaints shall have the right to request complainants to provide
dossiers and documents relating to their complaints; if the complainants refuse
to do so, the tax authority shall be entitled to decline the consideration and
settlement of such complaints.
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4. Upon the discovery of and the
conclusion on a false tax declaration, tax evasion or errors, the tax authority
shall have to collect the tax or fine arrears or reimburse tax payment dating
back 5 years from the date of discovery of false tax declaration, tax evasion,
tax errors. In cases where a business establishment fails to register, declare
and pay tax, the duration for collection of tax shortfall or fines shall be
dated back to the date the business establishment commenced its operation.
5. The head of a superior tax
authority shall have to handle tax complaints lodged by tax payers against the
subordinate tax authorities.
The Minister of Finances
decisions on the settlement of tax complaints shall be final.
Chapter VI
ORGANIZATION OF
IMPLEMENTATION
Article
25.- The Government shall direct the organization of the implementation of
the Law on Value Added Tax throughout the country.
Article
26.- The Minister of Finance shall have to organize and inspect the
implementation of the Law on Value Added Tax throughout the country.
Article
27.- The Peoples Committees of all levels shall, within their respective
duties and power, direct the implementation and inspect the observance of the
Law on Value Added Tax in their localities.
Chapter
VII
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Article
28.- The Law on Value Added Tax shall come into effect from 1 January 1999.
The Law on Turnover Tax, the Law
Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Turnover Tax and
regulations on turnover tax in other legal documents shall be repealed as from
the effective date of the Law on Value Added Tax.
All remaining issues relating to
tax, tax settlement, tax exemption and reduction and the settlement of breaches
of the Law on Turnover Tax prior to 1 January 1999 shall be dealt with in
accordance with relevant regulations of the Law on Turnover Tax, the Law
Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles to the Law on Turnover Tax and
regulations on turnover tax in other legal documents.
For production, construction and
transportation establishments which, during the first years of application of
the Law on Value Added Tax, suffer from losses due to the fact that the amount
of payable value added tax is larger than the tax amount they previously paid
according to the turnover tax, they shall be considered and entitled to
reduction of payable value added tax amount. The value added tax amount to be
reduced shall be equal to the losses they have suffered due to this reason but
shall not exceed 50% of the payable tax amount. The duration of tax reduction
shall be considered annually and calculated according to the solar year but
shall not exceed 3 years from the effective date of the Law on Value Added Tax.
The Government shall provide for
detail of the reduction of value added tax in accordance with the provisions of
this Article.
Article
29.- In cases where an international treaty which the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam has signed or acceded to contains provisions different from those of
this Law, the value added tax shall be applied in accordance with the
provisions of such treaty.
Article
30.- The Government shall detail the implementation of this Law.
This Law was adopted by the XIth
National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 11th session, on
10 May 1997.
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CHAIRMAN
OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
Nong Duc Manh