QCVN 53:2019/BGTVT
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON
THE BURNING BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS USED IN THE INTERIOR STRUCTURE OF CERTAIN
CATEGORIES OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Foreword
QCVN
53:2019/BGTVT is prepared by Vietnam Register, appraised by the Department
of Science and Technology and promulgated by the Ministry of Transport together
with the Circular No. 26/2019/TT-BGTVT dated August 01, 2019.
QCVN
53:2019/BGTVT replaces QCVN 53:2013/BGTVT.
QCVN
52:2019/BGTVT is prepared on the basis of QCVN 33:2011/BGTVT and in reference
to UNECE No. 118 Revision 3 Amendment 4 (03 series) - Date of entry into force:
October 10, 2017.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON THE BURNING BEHAVIOUR OF
MATERIALS USED IN THE INTERIOR STRUCTURE OF CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF MOTOR
VEHICLES
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1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This
Regulation provides for burning behaviour of and test methods for structure
materials used in the interior structure of certain categories of motor
vehicles having a maximum mass exceeding 5 tonnes and having seat capacity of
22 persons or more (including the driver) (hereinafter referred to as “motor
vehicles”).
1.1.2 This
Regulation does not apply to materials used in the interior structure of
certain categories of urban buses defined in TCVN 6211 “Road vehicles -
Types - Terms and definitions”; does not apply to materials used in the
interior structure of certain categories of motor vehicles used for national
defence and security purposes.
1.2
Regulated entities
This
Regulation applies to manufacturers and importers of materials used in the
interior structure of vehicles (hereinafter referred to as “materials”);
manufacturers, assemblers, importers and organizations related to management,
testing and inspection of technical and environmental safety.
1.3
Definitions
1.3.1
“interior compartment” means the space for occupant accommodation
bounded by the roof, floor, rear compartment bulkhead, or the plane of the rear
seat; side walls, doors and outside glazing.
1.3.2
“production materials” means products, in the form of bulk materials
or preformed components, supplied to a manufacturer for incorporation in a
vehicle type approved under this Regulation.
1.3.3
“seat” means a structure which may or may not be integral with the
vehicle structure, complete with trim, intended to seat one adult person. The term
covers both an individual seat or part of a bench seat intended to seat one
adult person.
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1.3.5
“bench seat” means a structure complete with trim, intended to seat more than
one adult person.
1.3.6
“material installed in a vertical position” means materials installed
in the interior compartment of the vehicle such that its slope exceeds 15 per
cent from the horizontal when the vehicle is at its mass in running order and
it is standing on a smooth and horizontal ground surface.
1.3.7 “material
installed in a horizontal position” means materials installed in the
interior compartment of the vehicle such that its slope does not exceed 15 per
cent from the vertical when the vehicle is at its mass in running order and it
is standing on a smooth and horizontal ground surface.
1.3.8 “Type of
a material” means components which do not differ in such essential respects as:
(a) The manufacturer's type designation;
(b) The intended use (seat upholstery, roof lining, insulation, etc.)
(c) The base material(s) (e. g. wool, plastic, rubber, blended
materials);
(d) The number of layers (in the case of composite materials);
(dd) Other characteristics in so far as they have an appreciable effect
on the performance prescribed in this Regulation.
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1.3.10 “composite
material” means a material composed of several layers of similar or
different materials intimately held together at their surfaces by cementing,
bonding, cladding, welding, etc. When different materials are
connected together intermittently (for example, by sewing, high-frequency
welding, riveting), such materials shall not be considered as composite
materials.
1.3.11
“exposed face” means the side of a material which is facing towards the passenger
compartment when the material is mounted in the vehicle.
1.3.12 “upholstery”
means the combination of interior padding and surface finish
material which together constitute the cushioning of the seat frame.
1.3.13 “interior
lining(s)” means material(s) that (together) constitute(s) the surface finish
and substrate of a roof, wall or floor.
2.
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1
Requirements for materials used in vehicles
2.1.1 The
materials used in the interior compartment shall comply with the requirements
set out in 2.2 of this Regulation.
2.1.2 The
materials used in the interior compartment shall be so installed as to minimize
the risk of flame development and flame propagation.
2.1.3 Any
adhesive agent used to affix the interior material to its supporting structure
shall not, as far as possible, exacerbate the burning behaviour of the
material.
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2.2.1 The
following materials shall undergo the test described in Annex A to this
Regulation:
2.2.1.1 Material(s)
installed in a horizontal position in the interior compartment;
2.2.1.2 The
result of the test shall be considered satisfactory if, taking the worst test
results into account, the horizontal burning rate is not more than 100
mm/minute or if the flame extinguishes before reaching the last measuring
point. Materials fulfilling the requirements of paragraph 2.2.3. are
considered to fulfil the requirements in this paragraph.
2.2.2 The
following materials shall undergo the test described in Annex B to this
Regulation:
2.2.2.1 Material(s)
and composite material(s) installed more than 500 mm above the seat cushion and
in the roof of the vehicle;
2.2.2.2 The
result of the test shall be considered satisfactory if, taking the worst test
results into account, no drop is formed which ignites the cotton wool.
2.2.3 The
following materials shall undergo the test described in Annex C to this
Regulation:
2.2.3.1 Material(s)
and composite material(s) installed in a vertical position in the interior
compartment;
2.2.3.2 The
result of the test shall be considered satisfactory if, taking the worst test
results into account, the vertical burning rate is not more than 100 mm/minute
or if the flame extinguishes before the destruction of one of the first marker
threads occurred.
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2.2.4.1 Parts
made of metal or glass.
2.2.4.2 Each
individual seat accessory with a mass of non-metallic material less than 200 g.
If the total mass of these accessories exceeds 400 g of nonmetallic material
per seat, then each material must be tested.
2.2.4.3 Elements
of which the surface area or the volume does not exceed respectively:
(a) 100
cm2 or 40 cm3 for the elements which are connected to an
individual seating place;
(b) 300
cm2 or 120 cm3 per seat row and, at a maximum, per linear
metre of the interior of the interior compartment for these elements which are
distributed in the vehicle and which are not connected to an individual seating
place.
2.2.4.4 Elements
for which it is not possible to extract a sample in the prescribed dimensions
as specified in paragraph A.3.1. of Annex A, paragraph B.3.1 of Annex B and
paragraph C.3.1 of Annex C to this Regulation.
3.
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
3.1
Inspection and testing methods
Vehicles
and/or materials manufactured, assembled and imported shall undergo inspection
and testing according to the Circular No. 30/2011/TT-BGTVT; Circular No.
54/2014/TT-BGTVT; Circular No. 31/2011/TT-BGTVT; Circular No.
55/2014/TT-BGTVT; Circular No. 03/2018/TT-BGTVT; and Circular
No. 25/2019/TT-BGTVT.
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When
applying for tests, vehicle manufacturers, assemblers and importers; material
manufacturers and importers shall provide the testing facility with technical
documentation and test samples as prescribed in 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 of this
Regulation.
3.2.1
Requirements for technical documentation
The
information document for component shall contain at least:
(a) Material(s)
intended for;
(b) Base material(s);
(c)
Composite/single material, number of layers (if any);
(d) Maximum/minimum thickness;
(dd)
Location of installation of material(s).
3.2.2
Requirements for test samples
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3.3 Test
report
The testing facility shall prepare a test report containing the
contents specified in this Regulation.
3.4
Application of regulations
In the
cases where any of the documents referred to in this Regulation is amended or
replaced, the newest one shall apply.
4.
IMPLEMENTATION
4.1
Responsibility of Vietnam Register
Vietnam
Register has the responsibility to organize the implementation of this
Regulation.
4.2
Roadmap for implementation
4.2.1 This
Regulation shall immediately apply from its effective date.
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(a) They
are not required to be tested again if no additional technical specifications
are laid down under QCVN 53:2019/BGTVT;
(b) 2
years from the effective date of this Regulation, they are required to undergo
a test if any additional technical specification is laid down under QCVN
53:2019/BGTVT.
Annex A
Test to determine the horizontal
burning rate of materials
A.1
Sampling method
A.1.1 Five samples shall undergo the test in the case of an isotropic
material or ten samples in the case of a non-isotropic material (five for each
direction).
A.1.2 The
samples shall be taken from the material under test. In
materials having different burning rates in different material directions, each
direction has to be tested. The samples are to be taken and placed in the test
apparatus so that the highest burning rate will be measured. When the material
is supplied in widths, a length of at least 500 mm shall be cut covering the
entire width. From this the samples shall be taken so as to be at least 100 mm
from the material edge and equidistant from each other. Samples shall be taken
in the same way from finished products, when the shape of the product permits.
When the thickness of the product is more than 13 mm, it shall be reduced to 13
mm by a mechanical process applied to the side which does not face the
respective compartment (interior, engine or separate heating compartment). If
it is impossible, the test shall be carried out, in accordance with the
Technical Service, on the initial thickness of the material, which shall be
mentioned in the test report.
Composite
materials shall be tested as if they were of uniform construction. In the case
of materials made of superimposed layers of different composition which are not
composite materials, all the layers of material included within a depth of 13
mm from the surface facing towards the respective compartment shall be tested
individually
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A.2
Apparatus
A.2.1 Combustion
chamber (Figure 1), preferably of stainless steel and having the dimensions
given in Figure 2. The front of the chamber contains a flame-resistant
observation window, which may cover the front and which can be constructed as
an access panel.
The
bottom of the chamber has vent holes, and the top has a vent slot all around.
The combustion chamber is placed on four feet, 10 mm high.
The
chamber may have a hole at one end for the introduction of the sample holder
containing the sample; in the opposite end, a hole is provided for the gas
line. Melted material is caught in a pan (see Figure A.3) which is placed on
the bottom of the chamber between vent holes without covering any vent hole
area.

Figure A.1: Example
of combustion chamber with sample holder and drip tray
Dimensions in millimetres

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Dimensions in millimetres

Figure A.3: Typical drip pan
A.2.2 Sample
holder, consisting of two U-shaped metal plates or frames of corrosion-proof
material. Dimensions are given in Figure A.4.
The lower
plate is equipped with pins, the upper one with corresponding holes in order to
ensure a consistent holding of the sample. The pins also serve as the measuring
points at the beginning and end of the burning distance.
A support
shall be provided in the form of 0.25 mm diameter heat resistant wires spanning
the frame at 25 mm intervals over the bottom U-shaped frame (see Figure A.5).
The plane
of the lower side of samples shall be 178 mm above the floor plate. The
distance of the front edge of the sample holder from the end of the chamber
shall be 22 mm; the distance of the longitudinal sides of the sample holder
from the sides of the chamber shall be 50 mm (all inside dimensions). (See
Figures A.1 and A.2).
Dimensions in millimetres

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Dimensions in millimetres

Figure A.5: Example of section of lower U-frame design for wire
support facility
A.2.3 Gas
burner
The small
ignition source is provided by a Bunsen burner having an inside diameter of 9.5
± 0.5 mm. It is located in the test cabinet so that the centre of its nozzle is
19 mm below the centre of the bottom edge of the open end of the sample (see
Figure A.2).
A.2.4
Test gas
The gas
supplied to the burner shall have a calorific value near 38 MJ/m3
(for example natural gas).
A.2.5 Metal
comb, at least 110 mm in length, with seven to eight smooth rounded teeth per
25 mm.
A.2.6
Stop-watch, accurate to 0.5 seconds.
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The
combustion chamber may be placed in a fume cupboard assembly provided that the
internal volume is at least 20 times, but not more than 110 times, greater than
the volume of the combustion chamber and provided that no single height, width,
or length dimension of the fume cupboard is greater than 2.5 times either of
the other two dimensions. Before the test, the vertical velocity of the air
through the fume cupboard shall be measured 100 mm in front of and behind the
final position where the combustion chamber will be located. It shall be
between 0.10 and 0.30 m/s in order to avoid possible discomfort, by combustion
products, to the operator. It is possible to use a fume cupboard with a natural
ventilation and an appropriate air velocity.
A.3 Samples
A.3.1 Shape and dimensions
A.3.1.1 The shape
and dimensions of samples are given in Figure A.6. The thickness of the sample
corresponds to the thickness of the product to be tested. It shall
not be more than 13 mm. When taking the sample permits, the sample shall have a
constant section over its entire length.
Dimensions in millimetres

Figure A.6. Sample
A.3.1.2 If the
shape and dimensions of a product do not permit taking a sample of the given
size, the following minimum dimensions shall be maintained:
(a) For samples having a width of 3 to 60 mm, the length shall be 356
mm. In this case the material is tested in the product's width;
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A.3.1.3 The size
of the sample shall be mentioned in the test report.
A.3.2 Conditioning
The
samples shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours but not more than 7 days at
a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 per cent and
shall be maintained under these conditions until immediately prior to testing.
A.4
Procedure
A.4.1 Place
samples with napped or tufted surfaces on a flat surface and comb twice against
the nap using the comb (paragraph A.2.5.).
A.4.2 Place the
sample in the sample holder (paragraph A.2.2.) so that the exposed side will be
downwards to the flame.
A.4.3 Adjust
the gas flame to a height of 38 mm using the mark in the chamber, the air
intake of the burner being closed. Before starting the first test,
the flame shall burn at least for 1 min for stabilization.
A.4.4 Push the
sample-holder into the combustion chamber so that the end of the sample is
exposed to the flame, and after 15 seconds cut off the gas flow.
A.4.5 The
measurement of the burning time starts at the moment when the foot of the flame
passes the first measuring point. Observe the flame propagation on
the side burning faster than the other (upper or lower side).
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A.4.7 In so far
as the sample does not ignite or does not continue burning after the burner has
been extinguished, or when the flame extinguishes before reaching the first
measuring point, so that no burning time is measured note in the test report
that the burning rate is 0 mm/min.
A.4.8 When
running a series of tests or repeat tests, ensure that the combustion chamber
and sample holder have a maximum temperature of 30 °C before starting the next
test.
A.5 Calculation
The
burning rate, B, in millimetres per minute, is given by the formula:
B = 60 S/t
where:
S - the
burnt distance, in millimetres;
t - the
time, in seconds, to burn distances.
The
burning rate (B) for each sample is only calculated in the case where the flame
reaches the last measuring point or the end of the sample.
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Annex B
Test to determine the melting
behaviour of materials
B.1
Sampling method
B.1.1 Four
samples, for both faces (if they are not identical) shall undergo the test.
B.1.2 A sample
is placed in a horizontal position and is exposed to an electric radiator. A
receptacle is positioned under the specimen to collect the resultant drops.
Some cotton wool is put in this receptacle in order to verify if any drop is
flaming.
B.2
Apparatus
The
apparatus shall consist of (Figure B.1):
(a) An
electric radiator;
(b) A
support for the sample with grill;
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(d) A
support (for the apparatus).
B.2.1 The
source of heat is an electric radiator with a useful output of 500 W. The
radiating surface must be made of a transparent quartz plate with a diameter of
100 + 5 mm.
The
radiated heat from the apparatus, measured on a surface which is situated
parallel to the surface of the radiator at a distance of 30 mm, shall be 3 W/cm2.
B.2.2 The support
for the samples shall be a metallic ring (Figure B.1). On top of this support a
grill, made of stainless steel-wire, is placed with the following dimensions:
(a)
Interior diameter: 118 mm;
(b)
Dimension of the holes: 2.10 mm square;
(c)
Diameter of the steel-wire: 0.70 mm.
B.2.3 The
receptacle shall consist of a cylindrical tube with an interior diameter of 118
mm and a depth of 12 mm. The receptacle shall be filled with cotton wool.
B.2.4 A
vertical column shall support the items specified in paragraphs B.2.1, B.2.2
and B.2.3 of this Appendix.
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A
lever/pedal shall be provided in the column to lift the support of the radiator
slowly. It shall also be provided with a catch in order to ensure that the
radiator can be brought back in its normal position.
In their
normal position, the axes of the radiator, the support for the sample and the
receptacle shall coincide.
Dimensions in millimetres

Figure B.1. Apparatus for determination of the melting behaviour
of materials
B.3
Samples
B.3.1 The test
samples shall measure: 70 mm x 70 mm. Samples shall be taken in the
same way from finished products, when the shape of the product permits. When
the thickness of the product is more than 13 mm, it shall be reduced to 13 mm
by a mechanical process applied to the side which does not face the passenger
compartment. If it is impossible, the test shall be carried out, in accordance
with the Technical Service, on the initial width of the material which shall be
mentioned in the test report. The size and the mass of the sample shall be
mentioned in the test report.
B.3.2 Composite
materials shall be tested as if they were of uniform construction.
B.3.3 In the
case of materials made of superimposed layers of different composition which
are not composite materials, all the layers of material included within a depth
of 13 mm from the surface facing towards the respective passenger compartment
shall be tested individually.
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B.3.5 If the two faces of the material differ, both faces must be
tested, which means that eight samples are to be tested. The
samples and the cotton wool shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours at a
temperature 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 per cent and shall
be maintained under these conditions until immediately prior to testing.
B.4
Procedure
B.4.1 The
sample is placed on the support and the latter is so positioned that the
distance between the surface of the radiator and the upper side of the sample
is 30 mm.
B.4.2 The
receptacle, including the cotton wool, is placed beneath the grill of the
support at a distance of 300 mm.
B.4.3 The
radiator is put aside, so that it cannot radiate on the sample, and switched
on. When it is on full capacity it is positioned above the sample and
timing is started.
B.4.4 If the
material melts or deforms, the height of the radiator is modified to maintain
the distance of 30 mm.
B.4.5 If the
material ignites, the radiator is put aside three seconds afterwards. It is
brought back in position when the flame has extinguished and the same procedure
is repeated as frequently as necessary during the first five minutes of the
test.
After the
fifth minute of the test:
(a) If
the sample has extinguished (whether or not it has ignited during the first
five minutes of the test) leave the radiator in position even if the sample
reignites;
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B.5
Results
Observed
phenomena shall be noted in the test-report, such as:
(a) No
fall of drops;
(b) Fall
of drops, ignition of the cotton wool has not taken place;
(c) Fall
of drops, ignition of the cotton wool has taken place
Annex C
Test to determine the vertical
burning rate of materials
C.1
Sampling method
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C.1.2 This test
consists of exposing samples, held in a vertical position, to a flame and
determining the speed of propagation of the flame over the material to be
tested.
C.2
Apparatus
The
apparatus shall consist of:
(a) A
specimen holder;
(b) A
burner;
(c) A
ventilation system to extract gas and combustion products;
(d) A
template;
(e)
Marker threads of white mercerized cotton threads having a maximum linear
density of 50 tex.
C.2.1 The
specimen holder shall consist of a rectangular frame of 560 mm high and shall
have two rigidly connected parallel rods spaced 150 mm apart on which pins
shall be fitted for mounting the test specimen which is located in a plane at
least 20 mm from the frame. The mounting pins shall be not greater than
2 mm in diameter and at least 27 mm long. The pins shall be located on the
parallel rods at locations shown in Figure C.1. The frame shall be fitted onto
a suitable support to maintain the rods in a vertical orientation during
testing. For the purpose of locating the specimen on the pins in a plane away
from the frame, spacer stubs 2 mm in diameter may be provided adjacent to the
pins.
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To fix
the sample in a vertical position, a support may be provided consisting of 0.25
mm diameter heat resistant wires that horizontally span the sample at 25 mm
intervals along the complete height of the specimen holder. Alternatively, the
sample may be fixed by additional clamps to the specimen holder.
C.2.2 The
burner is described in Figure C.3.
The gas
supplied to the burner can be either commercial propane gas or commercial
butane gas.
The
burner shall be positioned in front of, but below, the specimen such that it
lies in a plane passing through the vertical centreline of the specimen and
perpendicular to its face (see Figure C.2), such that the longitudinal axis is
inclined upwards at 30° to the vertical towards the lower edge of the specimen.
The distance between the tip of the burner and the lower edge of the specimen
shall be 20 mm.
C.2.3 The test
apparatus may be placed in a fume cupboard assembly. The size and shape of the
fume cupboard shall be such that the test results are not affected. Before
the test, the vertical velocity of the air through the fume cupboard shall be
measured 100 mm in front of and behind the final position where the combustion
chamber will be located. It shall be between 0.10 and 0.30 m/s in order to
avoid possible discomfort, by combustion products, to the operator. It is
possible to use a fume cupboard with a natural ventilation and an appropriate
air velocity.
C.2.4 A flat
rigid template made of suitable material and of a size corresponding to the
size of the specimen shall be used. Holes approximately 2 mm in
diameter shall be drilled in the template and positioned so that the distances
between the centres of the holes correspond to the distances between the pins
on the frames (see Figure C.1). The holes shall be located equidistant about
the vertical centrelines of the template.
C.3
Samples
C.3.1 The
samples dimensions are: 560 x 170 mm.
If the
dimensions of a material do not permit taking a sample of the given dimensions
the test shall be carried out taking a sample having the dimensions of at least
380 mm in height and at least 3 mm in width.
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C.3.3 The
samples shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours at a temperature of 23 °C ±
2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 per cent and shall be maintained under
these conditions until immediately prior to testing.
C.3.4 The size
of the sample shall be mentioned in the test report.
C.4
Procedure
C.4.1 The test
shall be carried out in an atmosphere having a temperature between 10 °C and 30
°C and a relative humidity between 15 per cent and 80 per cent.
C.4.2 The
burner shall be preheated for 2 minutes. The flame height shall be adjusted to
40 ± 2 mm measured as the distance between the top of the burner tube and the
tip of the yellow part of the flame when the burner is vertically oriented and
the flame is viewed in dim light.
C.4.3 The
specimen shall be placed on the pins of the test frame, making certain that the
pins pass through the points marked off from the template and that the specimen
is at least 20 mm removed from the frame. The frame shall be fitted on the
support so that the specimen is vertical.
C.4.4 The
marker threads shall be attached horizontally in front of and behind the
specimen at the locations shown in Figure C.1. At each location, a loop of
thread shall be mounted so that the two segments are spaced 1 mm and 5 mm from
the front and rearface of the specimen.
Each loop
shall be attached to a suitable timing device. Sufficient tension shall be
imposed to the threads to maintain their position relative to the specimen.
C.4.5 The flame
shall be applied to the specimen for 5 seconds. Ignition shall be deemed to
have occurred if flaming of the specimen continues for 5 seconds after removal
of the igniting flame. If ignition does not occur, the flame shall be applied for 15
seconds to another conditioned specimen.
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C.4.7 The
following times, in seconds, shall be measured:
(a) From
the start of the application of the igniting flame to the severance of one of
the first marker threads (t1);
(b) From
the start of the application of the igniting flame to the severance of one the
second marker threads (t2);
(c) From
the start of the application of the igniting flame to the severance of one the
third marker threads (t3).
C.4.8 If the
sample does not ignite or does not continue burning after the burner has been
extinguished or if the flame extinguishes before the destruction of one of the
first marker threads occurred, so that no burning time is measured, the burning
rate is considered to be 0 mm/min.
C.4.9 If the
sample does ignite and the flames of the burning sample do reach the height of
the third marker threads without destroying the first and second marker threads
(e.g. due to material characteristics of thin material sample), the burning
rate is considered to be more than 100 mm/min.
C.5
Results
The
observed phenomena shall be written down in the test-report, to include:
(a) The
durations of combustion: t1, t2 and t3 in seconds;
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The
burning rate V1 and the rates V2 and V3, if applicable, shall be calculated
(for each sample if the flame reaches at least one of the first marker threads)
as follows:
V1 = 60 d1/t1 (mm/s)
The
highest burning rate of V1, V2 and V3 shall be
taken into account.

