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THE PRIME MINISTER OF GOVERNMENT
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM
Independence
- Freedom - Happiness
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No: 18/2007/QD-TTg
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Hanoi,
February 05, 2007
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DECISION
APPROVING VIETNAM'S
FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN THE 2006-2020 PERIOD
THE PRIME MINISTER
Pursuant to the
December 25, 2001 Law on Organization of the Government;
Pursuant to the December 3, 2004 Law on Forest Protection and Development;
At the proposal of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development in Report
No. 3309/TTr-BNN-LN of December 12, 2006,
DECIDES:
Article
1.- To approve Vietnam's
Forestry Development Strategy in the 2006-2020 period with the following
principal contents:
1.
Actual situation of the forestry sector
By December 31, 2005,
the national forest area was 12.61 million ha, including about 10.28 million ha
of natural forests and 2.33 million ha of plantation forests; forest cover was
37%. Total timber deposit was 813.3 million m3 (of which 94% was from
natural forests) and there were about 8.5 billion bamboo trees. While the
forest area increased, the quality of natural and plantation forests remained
low, failing to meet production and protection requirements. Nationwide, the
area of unused land was 6.76 million ha, including 6.16 million ha of bare
land, accounting for 18.59% of the country's natural area, most of which was
degraded land. This is a potential for as well as a challenge to forestry
development.
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- Major achievements
of the forestry sector
Forest
protection and development work in the whole country saw some progress in
preventing degradation in forest area and quality. The forest area increased from
9.30 million ha in 1995 to 11.31 million ha in 2000 and 12.61 million ha in
2005 (an average increase of 0.3 million ha a year). At present an average of
about 200,000 ha are afforested annually. The annual output of timber harvested
from plantation forests reaches about 2,000,000 m3, which was supplied as raw
materials for processing forest products for export and domestic consumption.
The wood and forest
product processing industry saw vigorous developments, step by step meeting
domestic demands, making increasing contributions to export turnover and
creating opportunities for the development of raw-material supply plantation
forests. The export turnover of wood products rose from USD 61 million in 1996
to USD 1,035 million in 2004 and USD 1,570 million in 2005.
The forestry sector's
production activities saw vigorous changes as the sector switched from a
state-run sector operating under a centralized planning mechanism to a
socialized one with a multi-sectoral economic structure and operating according
to the mechanism of a commodity production economy. As a result, the forestry
sector made active contributions to creating jobs and improving living
standards for nearly 25% of Vietnam's
population living in forested mountainous areas, ensuring political and social
security and creating an impetus for national development in the past years.
- Problems and
weaknesses
Though the forest area
increased but the quality and biodiversity of natural forests continued to
decrease; in some places, forests were further destroyed and the planting of
production forests under Project 661 failed to keep to its schedule.
The forestry sector
grew at a low rate and in an unsustainable manner, with low productivity and
profits and weak competitiveness, failing to exploit all natural forest
resources, particularly non-timber forest products and eco-environmental
services.
3.
Viewpoints, objectives and general tasks of the Forestry Development Strategy
in the 2006-2020 period
Forestry is a specific
econo-technical sector embracing all activities related to the production of
forest commodities and provision of forest services such as protection,
planting, harvest, transportation, production and processing of forest products
and environmental forest services. At the same time, the forestry sector plays
a very important role in protecting the environment, conserving biodiversity,
and eradicating poverty and reducing poverty, especially for mountainous
inhabitants, contributing to social stability, security and defense.
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- Forestry shall be
developed in a coordinated manner from management, production, development and
reasonable use of natural resources, plantation, improvement and enrichment of
forests to harvest and processing of forest products, environmental services,
ecotourism, etc.
- Forestry shall be
developed to make considerable contributions to economic growth, hunger
eradication and poverty alleviation, and environmental protection.
- To manage, use and
develop forest in a sustainable manner is the foundation of forestry
development.
- Forestry development
shall be based on accelerating and deepening the socialization of
afforestation, and attracting resources for investment in forest protection and
development.
b/ Objectives toward
2020
To establish, manage,
protect, develop and use in a sustainable manner 16.24 million ha of land
planned for forestry; to increase the rate of land with forests to 42-43% by
2010 and 47% by 2020; to ensure wide participation of all economic sectors and
social organizations in forestry development in order to make more and more
contributions to socio-economic development, eco-environmental protection,
conservation of biodiversity and provision of environmental services,
contributing to hunger eradication and poverty alleviation and raising of
living standards for rural and mountainous inhabitants and preservation of
security and defense.
c/ Economic tasks
- The production value
of the forestry sector (including forest product processing industry and
environmental services) will grow at from 3.5% to 4% a year, striving for the
target that the sector's GDP will account for 2-3% of national GDP by 2020.
- To establish,
manage, protect, develop and use in a sustainable manner forests of three types,
including 8.4 million ha of production forests, of which 4.15 million ha are
plantation forests covering consolidated forests supplying industrial raw
materials, non-timber forest products, etc., 3.63 million ha of production
forests being natural forests and 0.62 million ha of regenerated natural
forests for combined agro-forestry production (striving for the target that at
least 30% of the area with forest certificates); 5.68 million ha of protection
forests and 2.16 million ha of special-use forests.
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- The domestic timber
output will reach 20-24 million m3 a year (including 10 million m3 of big
timber), basically meeting the raw materials needs of forest product processing
and pulp industries and export. To meet the needs for fuel wood mainly in rural
areas and maintain the level of 25-26 million m3 a year.
- The value of
exported forest products will reach over USD 7.8 billion (including USD 7
billion of timber products and USD 0.8 billion of non-timber forest products).
- To increase revenues
from forest environmental value through the clean development mechanism (CDM),
protection of water sources, ecotourism, etc., (up to USD 2 billion).
d/ Participation in
solving social problems
- To create more jobs
for laborers (in the processing of timber and non-timber products and in
fine-arts and handicraft villages).
- To generate incomes,
contributing to eradicating poverty and reducing the number of poor households
in key forestry areas.
- To complete the
allocation and lease of forests and forestland to organizations, enterprises,
households, individuals and village communities before 2010.
- To increase the
percentage of trained forestry workforce to 50%, especially ethnic minority and
poor households and women in deep-lying and remote areas.
e/ Assurance of
environmental stability
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- To increase forest
cover to 42-43% by 2010 and to 47% by 2020.
- By 2010, to have new
0.25 million ha of protection and special-use forests.
- To minimize
violations related to forest natural resources and restrict the slash-and-burn
farming practice.
4.
Development orientations
a/ Orientations on the
planning for the structure of three types of forests and forestland
- For protection
forests: To review and rearrange the system of national protection forests of
about 5.68 million ha, including 5.28 million ha of watershed protection
forests; 0.18 million ha of wavebreak and sea encroachment protection forests;
0.15 million ha of windbreak and sandbreak forests and 70,000 ha of protection
forests in service of environmental protection for big cities, industrial parks
and national border areas. Depending on the level of importance, it is
necessary to combine protection with agro-forestry production, commercial
operation of landscape sites, resort and eco-environmental tourism, and other
benefits of protection forests.
- For special-use
forests: To review and strengthen the system of existing national special-use
forests with a total area not exceeding 2.16 million ha toward raising forest
quality and biodiversity value.
- For production
forests: The total area of planned production forests will be 8.4 million ha,
including 3.63 million ha of natural forests and 4.15 million ha of plantation
forests; importance will be attached to establishing consolidated industrial
raw-material supply forest zones and managing their sustainable use for
multiple purposes. The remaining area of land of 0.62 million ha planned for
development of production forests will be used for forest regeneration and
combined agro-forestry production.
b/ Orientations for
forest management, protection, development and use
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- Forest
protection: To determine forest protection as protection of an ever developing
ecosystem while ensuring regeneration and optimal use of forests on the
principle of development for protection. To attach importance to propaganda and
raising awareness for administrations at all levels, all branches and everyone.
People's Committees at
all levels shall organize forest protection and take responsibility for the
occurrence of violations of the Law on Forest Protection and Development in
localities under their management. To enhance the capacity of, and strengthen
full-time and part-time forest protection forces of forest owners and village
communities to be able to handle violations of forest law and cope with natural
disasters such as forest fires and pests. To attach importance to inspection of
the process of exploiting forest products in forests. To inspect and control
the circulation and consumption of forest products is just a measure for forest
protection.
To reorganize and
rearrange the forest ranger force along the line of enhancing its role of
giving advice to provincial, district and commune-level administrations in
forest protection and forestry law enforcement. To adopt policies and
regulations to prioritize and encourage the strengthening of local forest
ranger forces which shall collaborate with local administrations in providing
guidance for inhabitants to protect forests in each lot or compartment.
- Forest development:
+ To plan, classify
and develop forests of three types (special-use forests, protection forests and
production forests), combine conservation and protection with development of
ecotourism, resort tourism and other environmental services.
For special-use
forests, the major development orientation is to conserve forests in their
original state, creating the best environmental conditions for conserving and
developing endemic fauna and flora species and specific ecosystems in order to
conserve gene sources and biodiversity to meet the requirements of national
socio-economic development in the current period and the future.
For protection
forests, planning and development aim to ensure protection requirements to the
utmost, contribute to conserving biodiversity, preserving a stable balance of
soil environment (preventing erosion, desertification and toxic chemical
residues), water environment and climate, fighting natural disasters and
ensuring sustainable socio-economic development and perpetuation of the nation.
For production
forests, planning and plans shall be drawn up for their in-depth development,
creation of medium and large consolidated raw-material supply zones where
intensive cultivation is practiced with a view to supplying sufficient raw
materials for processing industries and increasing the effectiveness of land
use, productivity and quality; agro-forestry and fishery shall be combined.
+ The Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development shall assume the prime responsibility for,
and coordinate with other ministries and branches in, promulgating policies to
encourage all economic sectors to invest in developing forests for commercial
purposes, policies to prioritize and support development researches into plant
varieties, wild animal species, intensive cultivation and animal raising
techniques, building of forestry infrastructures, systems of prevention and
fight of forest fires and prevention and control of forest pests, etc., in
accordance with international commitments in which Vietnam has participated in.
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+ To attach importance
to strongly developing dispersed plantations to promptly and effectively meet
on the spot local inhabitants' needs for timber for household use and fuel wood,
especially in delta and coastal areas. To step up the planting and development
of non-timber forest products (rattan, bamboo, pharmaceutical materials, etc.)
to meet the needs for raw materials for the production of highly competitive
handicraft and fine-art goods for domestic consumption and export.
- To use forests and
develop the forest product processing industry
+ Forest exploitation
and use:
To rationally exploit
and use forests is a silvicultural measure to regenerate forests and improve
their quality; at the same time to exploit to the utmost forest environmental
services to generate revenues for forest protection and development. To use
natural forests in a sustainable manner according to forest management plans.
For production forests
that are natural forests, to attach importance to further zoning them off for
tending, improvement and enrichment in order to increase their quality to
create sources of supply of big timber, other forest products and provision of
environmental services after 2010. To apply the major exploitation method only
to forests with rich deposits. For forests with medium and poor deposits, to
attach importance to applying the exploiting, tending and enriching method; to
accelerate the planting, development and use of non-timber forest resources,
focusing on such advantaged product groups as rattan, bamboo articles,
pharmaceutical materials, resin oil and foodstuffs; to encourage the breeding
and raising of wild animals; to apply a mechanism of guiding forest owners to
lawfully exploit and use non-timber forest products.
To encourage the use
of fuels made of by-products from plantation forests (thinly pruned top
branches, etc.), by-products of agriculture and other sources of substitute
fuels with a view to minimizing the use of fuel wood from natural forests.
+ To develop the
forest product processing industry
Forest
product processing and trade must become the spearhead of forestry economy,
develop according to the market mechanism on the basis of advanced
technologies, and be highly competitive to meet export and local consumption
demands. To encourage all economic sectors to actively invest in and promote
the development of the forest product processing industry.
To strongly develop
advantaged products in export processing. From now to 2015, to concentrate
efforts on reviewing, strengthening and upgrading small- and medium-sized
forest product processing industrial establishments; to develop the industry on
a large scale after 2015.
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+ To set orientations
for export of forest products.
+ To properly organize
the import of forest raw materials to meet the needs of production in service
of domestic consumption and export, while increasing the plantation of forests
supplying raw big timber and non-timber forest products to urgently meet the
needs for raw materials for processing industries and gradually reduce
dependence on imported raw materials.
+ To conduct research
and training in the designing of household wood articles, renew technologies of
manufacturing and processing forest products, diversify and continuously
increase the quality and designs of processed products to cater for various
domestic and foreign customers' tastes; to accelerate the issue of forest
certificates and develop trademarks for export goods.
5. Solutions
to implementing the Strategy
a/ Policy and
law-related solutions
- Forest
and forestland management
To build a legal
setting for establishing permanent national forest estates and place markers on
the field. To revise and perfect policies on allocation and lease of forests
and forestland. To prioritize the allocation and contracting of protection
forests to communities, economic organizations and households for long-term
management, protection and benefit sharing according to approved plannings and
plans.
To create favorable
conditions for those who are assigned or contracted land and forests to
exercise the rights to use land and use and own forests according to the
provisions of law in their production and business activities to meet the
requirements of a commodity economy; to make forests to truly become a
commodity and a source of funding for forestry development. To encourage land
accumulation for forming consolidated raw-material supply plantation forests in
the form whereby households, economic organizations and individuals lease or
contribute shares with their forest and forestland use rights.
To continue piloting
before widely applying models of community-based forest management; to perfect
forest management regulations and benefit- sharing mechanisms applicable to all
economic sectors. To pilot and build a legal foundation for all economic
sectors to be allocated or leased special-use forests for eco-tourist and
resort business activities and services.
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To further
decentralize state management of forests to district- and commune-level
administrations. To clearly define responsibilities and powers of forest
owners, administrations at all local levels, law enforcement bodies and
villages in localities where forests are lost or destroyed.
To intensify law
dissemination and education to raise the forest protection and development
awareness and responsibility of administrations at all levels, branches, every
forest owner, every citizen and the entire society, along with enhancing state
management, institutions and laws.
- Finance and credit
To develop specific
capital construction investment mechanisms and renew the mode of state
investment in the forestry sector according to the approved forest protection
and development plans so as to gradually replace the current allocation of
funds based on average investment support ratios.
To develop an insurance
mechanism and ensure that all economic sectors taking part in forestry
production and business access and borrow long-term loans from investment funds
and credit sources on an equal basis, which are suitable to the forestry
business cycle.
To switch state
investment from direct to indirect investment (infrastructure, seeds and
seedlings, science and technology, etc.). To increase the state investment
budget for the management, protection and development of special-use forests,
protection forests, production forests, scientific research, forestry
extension, human resource training, etc., and reserve adequate investments in
building forestry infrastructure.
To formulate policies
to encourage all economic sectors to invest in the protection, development and
use of forests and the processing of forest products based on linking and
sharing benefits with the community. To create a transparent and stable
investment environment; to ensure clear industrial property rights and the
rights to use land, use or own forests in a permanent manner; to support the
setting up of a forestry insurance fund, exempt and reduce some taxes for
forest owners and investors engaged in forest business activities, and simplify
administrative procedures for investors in the forestry domain.
To publicize forestry
development plannings, pilot and widely apply the bidding for lease of forests
for production, ecotourism or resort tourism services depending on the
functions of forests. The State shall promote planning work and support the formulation
of some projects on consolidated industrial raw-material supply forests to call
for domestic and foreign investment.
To create and step by
step implement a mechanism of collecting environmental service charges from
organizations and individuals benefiting from forests as an additional source
of reinvestment in forestry. To collect watershed protection charges for
hydropower projects and clean water facilities, and build on a pilot basis a
CDM-based afforestation project.
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To devise a mechanism
of contracting protection forests for protection with the increased possibility
of directly enjoying forest benefits, including revenues collected from
environmental services, in order to gradually replace the current contracting
with cash payments from the state budget.
For households engaged
in forest protection and development, especially households of the poor and
ethnic minority people in mountainous, remote or deep-lying areas, the State
shall implement such support mechanisms as provision of preferential loans,
supply of food, seedlings, fertilizers, etc., for the planting of small
production forests and combined agro-forestry production when they have not yet
obtained any incomes from forests, and shall minimize the slash-and-burn
farming practice.
To carry out the
valuation of forests as a basis for forest-related transactions. To set up
central and local forest protection and development funds from various funding
sources and work out appropriate mechanisms of managing and using these funds
in order to accelerate the socialization of silviculture and the forestry
sector as a whole.
b/ Renewing the
production and business system and encouraging all economic sectors to participate
in forestry development
- To develop
mechanisms and policies to facilitate the renewal of state-owned forestry farms
into forestry companies engaged in production and business activities
associated with the processing industry and trade, acting as the core in the
sector's development. To step by step promote the equitization of state-owned
forestry enterprises; to develop forms of joint venture and association among
different economic entities in forestry production and business and forest
product processing.
- To attach importance
to developing forestry production and business based on households, farms,
village communities and economic cooperation. The State shall adopt mechanisms
to support poor and ethnic minority households to participate in enterprises'
and farms' activities of planting raw-material supply forests, industrial
trees, and processing forest products on a small scale, so as to create more
jobs and generate more incomes for them.
c/ Planning and
supervisory solutions
- To review the planning
on three types of forests, identify permanent national forest estates and place
markers on the field;
- To make statistics
on, inventory and monitor natural forest resource changes in association with
collecting statistics on and inventorying land. To create and update a database
on natural forest resource management and apply advanced technologies to
improve the quality of forest planning investigations.
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- To plan and develop
the processing industry and trade in combination with reviewing and
establishing consolidated raw-material supply forests. To plan the replacement
of low-yield plantation forests. To pay attention to planning the development
of villages engaged in producing and processing forest products on a small
scale and of forestry farms.
- To renew planning
methods and raise planning quality toward promoting cross-cutting connection,
using inter-branch information and involving the participation of concerned
parties.
- To intensify
monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of forest protection and
development plannings and plans. To soon create a monitoring and evaluation
system and enhance the capacity of the sector financial planning and management
and monitoring agencies and units at all levels.
- To strengthen the
forestry sector information and monitoring system to serve monitoring work and
the evaluation of the implementation of the Forestry Development Strategy,
meeting the requirements of the sector management and international
integration.
d/ Sector organization
and management solutions
- To urgently set a
roadmap for renewing the organization of the forestry sector toward
establishing a uniform organizational system of state management of forestry
which is strong from the central to local levels combined with administrative
reforms and international integration. To regard the establishment of state
management organizations and the increase of forestry management officers in
districts and communes with forests as a top priority in the coming five years.
In communes with large forests, to arrange full-time forestry officers.
- To encourage and
support the establishment of associations and unions of forestry product
producers, traders, processors, imports and exporters.
- To develop a
mechanism of long-term coordination between forestry research, education,
training and extension and forest owners, enterprises and communities to
combine forestry research, training and extension with forestry production and
business.
e/ Scientific and
technological solutions
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- To review, formulate
and perfect technical processes and standards.
- To formulate and
implement a Forestry Research Strategy from 2006 to 2020, concentrate on breakthrough
researches in the sector such as bio-technology, refining of non-timber forest
products, planting of high-yield forests, improvement of impoverished natural
forests, etc.
- To implement the
Forest Tree Seed Strategy in the 2006-2020 period, first of all to meet the
needs for high-quality seeds for afforestation under Project 661 and other
projects.
- To implement the
national scheme on conservation and development of non-timber forest products
in the 2006-2020 period.
- To develop a system
of national standards of sustainable forest management, product movement
sequence and a set of national standards for timber products and non-timber
forest products.
- To increase
equipment and technical and material foundations for research institutions. To
promote the application of modern, environment-friendly technologies and
equipment in forest product production and processing; to regard foreign
investment as a new channel of technology transfer.
- To set up a system
of forestry extension organizations from the central level to provinces and
districts with many forests (provinces with more than 50,000 ha of forests and
forestland), which are attached to the agricultural extension system at all
levels .To arrange full-time and part-time forestry extension officers in
communes with many forests. In places hardly accessible by the State-built
agricultural extension system, to quickly set up voluntary forestry extension
organizations with necessary state supports.
- To step by step
renew activities and build the capacity of forestry institutes and schools to
turn them into strong consultancy centers of the sector. To encourage the
establishment of other, scientific and technological consultancy, transfer and
service centers under forestry research, training and extension agencies. To
perfect the mechanism of enhancing the autonomy and accountability of forestry
research, training and extension organizations for the quality and quantity of
products.
f/ Human resource
training solutions
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- To raise the
capacity of managers, enterprises, communities and households engaged in
silviculture and forest product processing through short-term training and
forestry extension so that they can step by step make, implement and monitor
their own production plans.
- To raise the
capacity and improve material and technical foundations of forestry training
units. To elaborate a scheme on comprehensive renewal of the forestry education
and training system in terms of structure, teaching programs, contents and
methods and administration mechanisms for the purpose of raising training
quality. To strive to have one or two forestry institutes and schools up to international
standards by 2020.
- To develop
short-term training programs on different subjects, prioritize training of
forestry farmers and officers and craftsmen in craft villages.
- To encourage
forestry training and extension organizations, non-governmental organizations
and international projects to support forestry training and extension
activities.
- To draw up a plan on
and train scientists and lecturers specializing in forestry domains,
particularly economics, and create favorable conditions for young scientists to
take part in research and teaching activities.
- To develop forms of
distance training to meet increasing learning and research needs. To integrate
soon forest environment education into curricula of schools nationwide.
g/ International cooperation
solutions
- To promote
international economic integration in the forestry sector through active
participation in and close cooperation with regional and bilateral
international forestry organizations.
- To step up strategic
mobilization, attraction and use of ODA for proper purposes. To manage and
efficiently use the funding source of the Trust Fund for Forests (TFF) and the Vietnam
Conservation Fund. To gradually create a favorable legal corridor and improve
the investment environment to attract direct investments from foreign
investors, especially in the planting of industrial raw-material supply
forests, forest product processing and technology transfer.
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- To take the
initiative and actively cooperate with other states, world and regional
advanced institutes and schools in promoting quick approach to advanced
scientific and technological forestry standards, develop human resources and
upgrade equipment for the sector.
- To further implement
multilateral environment agreements and international commitments related to
forestry which Vietnam has
acceded to, with a view to raising Vietnam's
status in the world and the region and seek for additional funding sources.
6.
Major programs and tasks
a/ The program on
sustainable forest management and development
- To establish
permanent national forest estates for three types of forests.
- To allocate or lease
all forests and forestland to forest owners of all economic sectors before
2010, and enhance the capacity of forest owners.
- To manage forests in
a sustainable manner. Owners of forests used for production and business
purposes shall make and implement forest management plans, with at least 30% of
production forests to be granted forest certificates.
- To afforest 1
million ha by 2010 and 1.5 million ha in the subsequent period, raise the yield
of plantation forests; to enrich 0.5 million ha of impoverished forests; and to
plant 200 million dispersed trees a year.
- To produce domestic
timber in a stable manner to reach 9.7 million m3/year by 2010, 20-24 million
m3/year by 2020 (including 10 million m3 of big timber).
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- To procure equipment
and facilities to modernize periodical forest management and inventory work; to
strengthen and update the database on natural forest resources.
b/ The program on
protection and conservation of biodiversity and development of environmental
services
- To effectively
protect 16.24 million ha of forests and forestland of three types (special-use
forests, protection forests and production forests).
- To disseminate 100%
of regulatory documents on forest protection to forest owners and local
inhabitants.
- To reduce by 80% of
cases of violation of the law on forest protection and development.
- 100% of forest
owners, and villages and communes with forests will have forest protection
forces, 100% of protection and special-use forests will have managers and
protection and development plans. 100% of forest protection and development
staffs, especially commune ranger officers and forest protection forces of
forest owners and villages and communes, will be trained to improve their
capacity.
- To increase
investment in infrastructures, equipment and facilities and funds for forest
protection, forest fire prevention and fight and forest pest prevention and
control, etc.
- To establish and
strengthen the system of protection forests with a total area of about 5.68 million
ha and the system of special-use forests with a total area of about 2.16
million ha.
- To continue piloting
before widely applying the community-based forest management model and other
forms.
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c/ The program on
orientations for forest and forestland planning, the progress of implementation
of the Strategy in the 2006-2010 period and the implementation of priority
schemes and projects in the 2007-2020 period
- To implement the
contents of orientations for forest and forestland planning till 2010 and 2020
(according to Table 2 enclosed with Vietnam's
Forestry Development Strategy in the 2006-2020 period).
- To implement the
planned contents of the Strategy in the 2006-2010 period (according to Table 3
enclosed with Vietnam's
Forestry Development Strategy in the 2006-2020 period).
- To implement
priority schemes and projects in the 2007-2010 period (according to Table 4
enclosed with Vietnam's
Forestry Development Strategy in the 2006-2020 period).
d/ The program on
timber processing and forest product trade
- To reorganize the
timber and non-timber forest product processing industry.
- To enhance the
capacity of the forest product processing industry to basically meet domestic
and export needs, specifically:
+ Total output of sawn
timber: 6 million m3/year.
+ Particle boards:
320,000 m3 of products/year.
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+ Value of exported
timber products: USD 7 billion (3.5 million m3 of products).
+ Value of exported
non-timber forest products: USD 0.8 billion.
- By 2020, non-timber
forest products will become a major commodity, accounting more than 20% of
total value of forestry production, and the value of exported non-timber forest
products will increase 15-20% on average; to employ about 1.5 million laborers;
and incomes generated from non-timber forest products will account 15-20% of
rural household economy.
e/ The program on
forestry research, education, training and extension
- To concentrate on
conducting researches in some spearhead areas such as bio-technology,
non-timber forest product refining technology, plantation of high-yield
forests, agro-forestry and improvement of impoverished natural forests. To
renovate technologies, equipment and facilities for the forest product
processing industry to raise competitiveness and meet the requirements of
international economic integration. To study scientific and practical grounds
for the formulation of breakthrough policies in the forestry sector.
- To provide formal
training for about 5,000 students and pupils on average every year. To pay
attention to providing advanced training for key officials. To intensify
vocational training for farmers engaged in silviculture and inhabitants in
forest product processing villages. From 2008, to incorporate forest and
environment protection education into teaching programs in general education
schools. To provide training for 80% of local forest management staffs in
forest inventory and formulation and implementation of forest management,
protection and development plans, and identification of forest criteria. To enhance
the capacity of lecturers and provide essential equipment and facilities for
forestry institutes and schools. To perfect and update training programs and
textbooks to meet the requirements of renewal and international economic
integration. To promote linkages between the forestry training system and the
forestry extension system. To have one to two forestry training institutions up
to international standards by 2020.
- To attract 50% of
economic sectors and mass organizations to take part in forestry extension
activities; to raise forest management and protection knowledge and skills for
80% of farmer households. To place at least one full-time or part-time forestry
extension officer in each commune with large forests; to develop and enhance
the capacity of the voluntary forestry extension system. To improve forestry
extension contents and methods to suit farmers' levels. To build up linkages
between the forestry extension and training system and forest owners and forest
product processing enterprises.
e/ The program on
renewal of institutions and policies, planning and sector monitoring
- To build and update
a system of policies, laws and institutions toward delegation of more powers to
localities and on sustainable forestry development directed at commodity
production and socialization of silviculture.
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- To reorganize, and
raise the effectiveness of, state management agencies in charge of forestry in
the direction of unifying the functions of managing, protecting, using and
developing forests; to make clearer the functions and tasks of forestry
organizations at all levels and diversify forestry services.
- To develop
mechanisms and policies applicable to state-owned forestry farms which have
been re-organized, re-arranged and converted into companies and are running production
and business activities efficiently. To step by step equitize forestry business
companies, creating favorable conditions for them to operate according to the
market mechanism. To form, implement and expand the model of community-based
forest management and protection. To establish a state-owned forestry extension
system at all levels and introduce mechanisms to support voluntary forestry
extension organizations in villages and communes with large forests.
- To establish
specialized monitoring and evaluation units along with strengthening the
forestry planning system at all levels.
7.
General estimates of funds and funding sources for the 2006-2010 period (unit
of calculation: VND billion)
a/ Total investment
funds: 33,885.34
in which:
- The sustainable
forest development management program: 16,214.55
- The forest
protection, biodiversity conservation and environmental
services program: 3,817.00
- The timber
processing and trade program: 10,428.07
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- The sector policy
renewal, planning and monitoring program: 885.57
b/ Regular
expenditures on activities:
Forest
management and protection activities: 1,939.17
c/ Ratios of
investment funding sources for the 2006-2010 Strategy:
+ State budget funds:
23.9%
+ State credit: 15.6%
+ ODA capital: 13.1%
+ State enterprises
and cooperatives: 11.3%
+ Households: 11.2%
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+ Other sources: 0.4%
Article
2.- Organization of implementation:
1. To assign the
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development:
- To act as the
coordinator with the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with other
ministries, branches and provincial/municipal People's Committees in,
organizing the implementation of the Forestry Development Strategy and
incorporating its contents into the national, ministerial, sectoral and local
socio-economic development plans.
- To establish
sub-committees to coordinate the implementation of the programs of the
Strategy, which are composed of representatives of related agencies, units,
communities and enterprises and concerned partners and international projects
that voluntarily participate in the programs.
- To coordinate with
other ministries, sectors and localities in evaluating the implementation of
the Strategy on an annual basis and report it to the Prime Minister. Forest
protection and development shall be regarded as an important content of the
Government's year-end report to the National Assembly.
2. The Ministry of
Planning and Investment and the Ministry of Finance shall coordinate with the
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in balancing and assuring
investment funds for the effective implementation of the Strategy.
3. The Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment shall coordinate with the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development in instructing localities to review land use
plannings and allocate or lease forestland according to the objectives and
tasks of the Forestry Strategy and elaborate schemes integrating forest
inventories with national land inventories conducted once every five years.
4. The General
Statistics Office shall coordinate with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development and related parties in identifying contents and indicators for the
forestry sector monitoring and evaluation; direct and guide localities in
making statistics, inventory forests and study the forestry sector's economic
and environmental contributions, etc., according to criteria compatible with
the requirements of renewal and international economic integration of the
forestry sector, and submit them to the Government for revision and
supplementation of the forestry sub-sector in Decree No. 75/CP of October 27,
1973.
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Article
3.- This Decision takes effect 15 days
after its publication in "CONG BAO."
Article
4.- Ministers, heads of ministerial-level
agencies, heads of government-attached agencies, presidents of
provincial/municipal People's Committees, and heads of concerned agencies shall
implement this Decision.
VICE
PRIME MINISTER
STANDING DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER
Nguyen Sinh Hung
VIETNAM'S
FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR THE 2006-2020 PERIOD
(Promulgated together with Decision No. 18/2007/QD-TTg of
February 5, 2007, of the Prime Minister)
INTRODUCTION
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Silviculture not only
turns out commercial forest products and services contributing to the national
economy but also plays an important role in environmental protection such as
protecting watershed, retaining soil and water, making the climate equable,
etc., contributes to safeguarding national security, especially protecting
border areas and islands; and makes important contributions to improving living
standards, eradicating hunger and alleviating poverty for rural and mountainous
inhabitants.
According to current
regulations on grades of economic sectors, forestry is a grade-II economic
sector with main activities of planting and protecting forests and exploiting
forest products, and some forestry services. End products are forest materials
supplied for processing industries and consumption.
According to current
data, the forestry sector's GDP accounts for only more than 1% of national GDP.
Forestry value in GDP, by current statistics methods, only covers the value of
official production activities according to plan but not the value of forest
products exploited, processed and marketed by inhabitants; particularly, forest
product processing has not yet been taken into account. Enormous effects of
forests, such as protection of watersheds, coastal areas and urban environment,
conservation of biodiversity, gene sources, ecotourism, etc., have not yet been
reflected into the sector's GDP. This has resulted in inadequate awareness of
administrations at all levels, branches and society about the effects of a
sector that manages forests and forestland representing more than half of the
country's territory, with abundant natural forest resources and inhabited by
more than 25 million people. This inadequate awareness has negatively affected
the process of making state development and investment policies with respect to
the forestry sector.
According to the
concept of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the
United Nations classification of the forestry sector, which has been recognized
by many states, and based on the practical situation in Vietnam, a complete
definition of forestry sector should be as follows: Forestry is a specific
econo-technical sector covering all activities related with production of goods
and with services from forests such as planting, exploiting, transporting,
producing and processing forest products and providing environmental forest
services; the forestry sector plays a very important role in protecting the
environment, conserving biodiversity, eradicating hunger and alleviating
poverty, particularly for mountainous inhabitants, contributing to social stability,
security and defense.
On the basis of the
2004 Law on Forest Protection and Development and other relevant laws; pursuant
to the national socio-economic development orientations in the new period and
the above definition of forestry sector, comprehensive adjustments to the
sector's development orientations are needed to meet the requirements of
renewal and international economic integration, creating conditions for
attracting domestic and foreign resources for investment in the sector
development. Only an adequate awareness and concerted actions regarding the
role, position and demand of the sector can help the sector develop rapidly and
vigorously, contributing to the cause of industrialization and modernization in
rural areas and agriculture, hunger eradication and poverty alleviation for
mountainous farmers, and environmental protection, and turn Vietnam into a
basically industrialized country along the line of modernization by 2020 as
laid down in the Resolution of the Xth National Party Congress.
For the above reasons,
it is necessary to formulate the National Forestry Development Strategy for the
2006-2020 period as a basis for orienting long-term development of the sector.
This Strategy perpetuates the Forestry Development Strategy for the 2001-2010
period approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the
Forestry Sector Support Program, added with new viewpoints and orientations in
response to the requirements of renewal, integration and sustainable
development.
The Strategy consists
of eight parts:
Part one: Present
situation of the forestry sector.
Part two: Context and
development forecasts
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Part four:
Implementation solutions.
Part five: Programs.
Part six: Organization
of implementation.
Part seven: Monitoring
and evaluation.
Part eight: Projected
fund estimates and funding sources and tables and appendices to this Strategy.
Part
I
PRESENT
SITUATION OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR
I.
PRESENT SITUATION OF NATURAL FOREST RESOURCES
AND LAND POTENTIAL FOR FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT
Because of
unsustainable management and use and enormous demands for forestland
reclamation and forest products for socio-economic development, the forest area
and quality kept decreasing over the past years. According to available
documents, in 1943, Vietnam
had 14.3 million ha of forests and forest cover of 43%. In 1990, there remained
only 9.18 million ha and forest cover of 27.2%. In the 1980-1990 period, an
average of more than 100,000 ha of forests were lost each year. However, since
1990, the forest area has continuously increased as a result of afforestation
and rehabilitation of natural forests (except for the Central Highlands and
eastern South Vietnam
where the forest area still tends to decrease). As publicized in Decision No.
1970/QD/BNN-KL-LN of July 6, 2006, by December 31, 2005, the area of forests
nationwide was 12.61 million ha (with forest cover of 37%), including 10.28
million ha of natural forests and 2.33 million ha of plantation forests, which
was classified into three types as follows:
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- Protection forests:
6.20 million ha, accounting for 49%;
- Production forests:
4.48 million ha, accounting for 35.8%.
Total timber deposit
was 813.3 million m3 (of which 94% was from natural forests and 6% from
plantation forests) and there were about 8.5 billion bamboo trees. The average
timber deposits of natural forests and plantation forests were 76.5 m3/ha and
40.6 m3/ha respectively. Timber mainly exists in three regions, namely the
Central Highlands: 33.8%; northern Central Vietnam: 23%; and southern Central
Vietnam: 17.4% of total deposit. Total area of plantations
supplying non-timber forest products was 379,000 ha, mostly existing in
northern Central Vietnam, the Central Highlands
and the northeast.
With the above forest
area, our current average indices are 0.15 ha of forest per capita and 9.16 m3
of timber per capita, which are much lower than the corresponding world average
indices of 0.97 ha per capita and 75 m3 per capita.
The area of unused
land was 6.76 million ha nationwide, including 6.16 million ha of bare land,
accounting for 18.59% of the country's total area, which was distributed by
region as follows: in the northeast, 28% of total bare land area; in the
northwest, 21%; in the northern Central Vietnam, 19%; in the southern central
coast, 13%; in the Central Highlands, 12%; in the eastern South Vietnam, 5%,
etc. Of total bare land area, 71% was at the height of less than 700 m and 38%
at the sloping degree of 16-35o. This area of bare land is a potential as well
as a challenge for forestry development in the next period as most of which is
sloping, exhausted and scattered.
II.
EVALUATION OF FORESTRY ACTIVITIES IN THE 1996-2005 PERIOD
1. Major achievements
of the forestry sector
- Nationwide, our
country has left behind the period of decrease in forest area. The forest area
increased from 9.30 million ha in 1995 to 11.31 million ha in 2000 and 12.61
million ha in 2005 (an average increase of 0.3 million ha a year). The
afforested area rose from 50,000 ha/year to 200,000 ha/year. The area of
rehabilitated natural forests helped considerably increase forest capacity of
protection and biodiversity conservation. The volume of timber harvested from
plantation forests increased about 2,000,000 m3 a year, which was supplied for
the industries of paper, mining, wood chips for export and fuel wood,
contributing to lessening pressure on natural forests.
- The processing of timber
and forest products for export has seen vigorous developments in recent years
(the export value of wood products rose from USD 61 million in 1996 to USD
1,034 million in 2004 and USD 1,570 million in 2005), making important
contributions to national export value and creating opportunities for the
development of industrial raw-material supply plantation forests.
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The achievements were
mostly attributed to the following:
- The State has paid
more attention to forest protection and development, implemented policies and
large target investment programs such as land and forest allocation policy,
Program 327, Five Million Ha Afforestation Project, etc. The awareness of the
society, people of all strata and administrations at all levels about forest
protection and development has been raised;
- The national
economy's constant and sustainable growth, particularly in agriculture, creates
favorable conditions for forestry development;
- Silvicultural
science and technology transfer has seen progress, contributing to raising
afforestation quality and effectiveness in recent years;
- The international
community has provided significant assistance for forest protection and
development and hunger eradication and poverty alleviation efforts in rural and
mountainous areas. Foresters have made great efforts and sacrifices under
difficult working conditions.
2. Constraints and
weaknesses
- Though the forest
area has increased, the quality and biodiversity of natural forests in many
places still further decrease (compared with the results of the general forest
inventory conducted in 1999, in 2005 the area of rich natural forests shrank
10.2%, the area of medium forests decreased 13.4%, whereas the area of
rehabilitated forests rose 20.7%; and the area of plantation forests increased
50.8%). Afforestation work under the Five Million Ha Afforestation Project
fails to achieve the set target. Particularly in the 1998-2005 period, the
total afforested area reached only 70% of the planned target while the area of
planted industrial raw-material supply forests reached only 49% of the planned
target). In some localities forests continued to be devastated due to change of
use purposes, illegal exploitation, slash-and-burn farming practice, etc.
(during 2000-2005, an average of 9.345 cases of forest destruction occurred a
year and the destroyed forest area was 2,160 ha a year). Unexpected floods,
droughts and landslides were partly attributed to forest loss or degradation.
- The forestry sector saw
low and unsustainable growth (according to the General Statistics Office, the
forestry sector' development rate was 4.9% in 2000, 1.9% in 2001, 1.6% in 2002,
1.1% in 2003, 1.1% in 2004, and 1.2% in 2005), with low profits, weak
competitiveness, forest resource potential not yet tapped in a coordinated and
rational manner, especially non-timber forest products and environmental
services. The productivity and quality of plantation forests and natural
forests remained low, failing to meet socio-economic development needs,
particularly for large-timber materials for the processing industry and export.
- The forest product
processing industry saw rapid developments in recent years, which, however,
took place in a spontaneous and unstable manner without strategic planning and
vision. Its competitiveness was not high while production association and
division were not good. No trademark was created yet on the world market.
Investments in development and technology modernization were insufficient. The
supply of raw materials was unstable and still depended on imported raw
materials (over the past four years, the export value of processed forest
products soared 400% but imported raw materials accounted for 80% of total need
quantity);
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Following are causes
of major constraints:
* Subjective causes:
- The awareness of
branches and administrations at all levels about forestry is incomplete and
incomprehensive. They have not yet had a correct assessment of the
environmental values of forests to the society and a clear determination of the
role of forestry as a complete economic sector from afforestation, exploitation
and processing of forest products to provision of forest services.
Particularly, a portion of state management officials has not changed their
awareness about the role and position of the sector in the new mechanism and
the process of accelerated rural and agricultural industrialization and
modernization and international integration. They have not yet realized the
fact that forestry is a specific, important econo-technical sector which needs
adequate budgetary investments and particular mechanisms and policies;
- Forestry policies
remain inconsistent and incompliant with the guideline on socialization of
silviculture and the market mechanism. New policies on investment in the
development of production forests and processing of timber and non-timber
forest products have not yet been adopted in time to create a momentum for
promoting economic sectors, especially households, communities and individuals,
to participate in developing silviculture;
- The socialization of
forestry has not yet seen marked progress; the forest and forestland management
still reveals many constraints and the land and forest allocation remains slow.
Many localities remain too cautious in allocating natural forests and
plantation forests to local inhabitants, especially communities, households and
private entities (by March 31, 2006, land use rights were allocated and land
use rights certificates were granted to households for only nearly 20% of
forestland area). The non-state sector's participation in forestry activities
has not yet matched its potential.
- The system of
management of the forestry sector lacks uniformity and remains uncoordinated
and partitioned. The quantity, capacity and qualifications of managers,
scientific and technical personnel, etc., fail to meet requirements of the
market mechanism and international integration. Imbalanced arrangement of
staffs between forest protection and forest development jobs has reduced the
effect and effectiveness of the management apparatus. Forest and forestry
management has basically been decentralized to localities but local
administrations still lack mechanisms and policies, material and technical foundations
and staffs to well bring into play their role in forest management, protection
and development, particularly at district and commune levels;
- Science and
technology has not yet created an impetus for substantially raising economic
benefits of silviculture, linked production to the market, laid down adequate
orientations for the development of forest tree seeds, made considerable
contributions to raising productivity of natural forests and identified
solutions to rationally using millions of ha of impoverished natural forests to
generate incomes for mountainous inhabitants. The network of forestry extension
organizations remains inadequate and weak.
- Forestry development
has so far mainly relied on state budget funds and has not yet mobilized to the
utmost resources from the non-state sector and environmental services.
Investments in the forestry sector and silviculture remain lower than expected;
the management of use of investment resources has not been strict, unified and
effective. The investment structure remains imbalanced with a lot of investment
in protection and special-use forests, less investment in production forests
and no investment in building forestry infrastructure.
* Objective causes:
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- The production cycle
of forest trees is long, with low profits and many risks while forests are located
mainly in mountainous areas with poor economic and social conditions. Compared
to many crop plants, forest trees are much less competitive.
III.
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
1. Opportunities
- The demand for forest
products is strongly increasing in the domestic and world markets. Our
continued stable economic development at a high rate and the process of
international integration will create a big opportunity for farmer households,
communities, and state and private enterprises to accelerate development and
expansion of forestry production and business, and forest product processing
and trade.
- International
economic integration will offer opportunities for improving the investment
environment and penetration into the world forest product market, acquisition
of advanced technologies and financial investment, particularly in the
development of the industry of processing timber and non-timber forest products
for export, thereby accelerating the process of sustainable forest management;
- The Party, State and
society as well as international community have paid greater and greater
attention to forest protection and development work.
2. Challenges
- Growing population,
continued free migration and inefficient modalities of use of agricultural land
and forestland have exerted increasing pressure on forests for the expansion of
agricultural land areas;
- Ever-increasing
demands for forest products are exerting pressure on natural forest resources
and the environment, especially on natural forests. At present, forest product
demand exceeds the sustainable supply capacity of forests. Land areas suitable
for the planting of high-yield production forests remain very limited and
scattered;
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- The forestry
sector's limited resources (human resources, infrastructure, funds, management
qualifications, etc.) have many constraints in meeting the requirements of
rapid, comprehensive and sustainable development;
- The forestry
sector's importance has not yet been fully, objectively and justly appreciated,
which affects the process of making investment and development policies for the
sector.
Part
II
BACKGROUND
AND DEVELOPMENT FORECASTS
I.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND
1. Some world trends that
affect national socio-economic development
- Economic
globalization is an objective trend and economic integration is inevitable and
expanded to most domains, creating opportunities for development as well as
showing many factors of inequity and causing big difficulties and challenges to
many states. Economic and trade competition and the fight over natural
resources, energy, markets, funding sources, technologies, etc., among
countries have become fiercer. Science and technology, particularly information
technology, continues its development in leaps and bounds, promotes the
formation of a knowledge economy and has exerted multiple impacts on and
generated profound changes in all areas of social life in all countries.
- Peace, cooperation
and development constitute a common trend in the region and the world. Global
issues, such as population, environment, financial security and food security,
diseases, etc., have become ever severer. The increasing need for development
cooperation dictates from the outset the selection of development strategies by
all national economic sectors, including forestry. The construction of a
trans-Asia highway and an economic corridor linking North
Vietnam to China's
southwest will create many opportunities for agricultural production and
forestry development.
- For foreign capital
flows: It is a general trend that ODA will decrease and FDI will increase in
territories with a favorable investment environment and highly profitable
production industries;
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2. National
development in the past years
- After 20 years'
renewal (1986-2005), many achievements have been recorded in national
socio-economic development. GDP grows at an average rate of 7.5%. However,
economic growth is not truly stable with low quality and growth effectiveness;
- Industrial production
grows at a high rate, an annual average of 15.7%. Particularly, the sub-sector
of forest product processing has prospered, with the export value increasing
400% over the past four years. Agricultural and rural reforms help quickly
increase production value, turning Vietnam
into one of top world exporters of rice, coffee, pepper, etc. Nevertheless, the
rate of technological renewal is slow and competitiveness remains low. The use
of land in agriculture and forestry is irrational, with low productivity and
quality and slow production restructuring and rural and agricultural
industrialization and modernization. Science and technology have not yet truly
become a foundation as well as momentum for agricultural production and
forestry development;
- Many achievements
have been recorded in social aspects. The people's living standards have
markedly improved. Poverty continues to decrease. Human resources development
has seen positive changes even in rural and mountainous areas. However, the
rate of hungry and poor households remains high and the danger of relapse into
poverty still lingers, especially among ethnic minority groups in deep-lying
and remote areas. The quality of human resources fails to meet renewal
requirements;
- Many policies and
laws have been promulgated or amended to better accord with market mechanisms
and international integration, step by step forming a complete, secure and
favorable legal environment for production and business activities. However,
economic law remains incomplete and inconsistent. Administrative reforms have
not yet been carried out resolutely and the administrative apparatus remains
ineffective and slow to be renewed. Civil servants remain weak in capacity and
quality.
- International
economic integration has seen significant developments. Total export turnover
increases rapidly over 16% a year. The trade liberalization policy has created
a driving force for domestic and foreign enterprises to directly participate in
export and import business activities, including export and import of timber
and non-timber forest products. The accession to and implementation of
international commitments and conventions concerning forestry such as the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
(CITES), the RAMSA Convention on Wetlands, the Biodiversity Convention (CBD),
the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and so on, have
created many favorable conditions as well as posed not a few challenges to
agricultural and forestry enterprises in their competition on the world market
and even on the local market.
The Forestry
Development Strategy is formulated at the time of beginning the implementation
of the 2006-2010 five-year socio-economic development plan with the objective
of soon taking our country out of underdevelopment status, creating a
foundation for our country to basically become an industrialized country
developing toward modernization.
II.
FORECASTS ON POPULATION DEVELOPMENT AND GDP BY 2020
- Population: Vietnam's
population will reach about 100 million by 2020 (at the growth rate of 1.5%
during 2001-2010 and 1.3% during 2011-2020) or 98.6 million (at the
corresponding rates of 1.4% and 1.2%).
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III.
FORECASTS ON DEMANDS FOR FOREST PRODUCTS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Population growth and
economic development will affect demands for forest products and environmental
services. Analyses and forecasts in the Strategy focus on forest products,
mostly timber (see details in Table 1 enclosed herewith).
Part
3
VIEWPOINTS,
OBJECTIVES AND DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATIONS
I.
DEVELOPMENT VIEWPOINTS
1. Forestry shall be
developed comprehensively from management, protection, development and
reasonable use of natural resources, planting and improvement of forests to
exploitation and processing of forest products, environmental services,
ecotourism, etc. (as per the definition of forestry in the Part Introduction).
Forestry, like
agriculture, is not merely production of crude products but covers also
processing, trading and services. Evaluation of the sector's contributions
should take into account added value of its products from production,
processing and trading and its services. Only with such evaluation can forestry
be treated equally as other economic sectors.
2. Forestry
development must make greater and greater contributions to economic growth,
hunger eradication and poverty alleviation, and environmental protection.
Forestry development
must comply with the national socio-economic development line and accord with
the market mechanism. Forestry shall be soon turned into an efficient and
sustainable commodity production sector in response to renewal and integration
requirements. Aggregate benefits of forest shall be rationally tapped and
importance shall be attached to productivity, quality and effectiveness of
production and business activities, particularly forest environmental services.
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3. Sustainable forest
management, use and development is the foundation for forestry development
Forests must be
closely managed and have specific owners; only when forest owners
(organizations, enterprises, households, communities, etc.,) have clear
benefits, powers and responsibilities can natural forest resources be protected
and developed in a sustainable manner.
Forestry production
activities shall be based on sustainable management according to forest
protection and development plannings and plans with a view to continuously
raising forest quality. Forest protection, conservation and development shall
be combined with rational forest use; afforestation, forest regeneration,
rehabilitation and enrichment shall be closely combined with protection of
existing forest areas; forestry shall be combined with agriculture, fishery and
rural trades; planting of economic forests for multiple purposes shall be
accelerated; protection and development of trees for timber and non-timber
products shall be combined with development of the forest product processing
industry so as to contribute to economic growth, social development,
environmental protection and national sustainable development.
4. Forestry
development shall be based on accelerating and deepening the socialization of
silviculture and attraction of resources for investment in forest protection
and development
To further carrying
out and deepening the socialization of silviculture. To introduce multi-sector
use of natural forest resources (including special-use and protection forests)
and multi-owner management and use of production forests and forest products
processing establishments. To step by step extensively equitize forestry
production and processing establishments associated with raw-material supply
zones.
To protect forests is
the duty of forest owners as well as administrations at all levels, branches,
organizations, village communities and the entire society. Forest
protection shall rely on the people, full-time protection forces and local
administrations.
To diversify resources
for forestry development, further attract funds from the private sector, ODA
capital, FDI, revenues from environmental services, etc., for forest protection
and development.
State investment in
forestry is social payment for the environmental values of forests. Economic branches
that use forest products and forestry services (environmental protection,
tourism, water supply, etc.) shall make payments in return for forest
protection and development activities and account these payments as their
production and service costs.
II.
OBJECTIVES AND TASKS BY 2020
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To establish, manage,
protect, develop and use in a sustainable manner 16.24 million ha of land
planned for forestry; to increase the percentage of land with forests to 42-43%
by 2010 and 47% by 2020; to ensure wider participation of all economic sectors
and social organizations in forestry activities in order to make greater and
greater contributions to socio-economic development, protection of the
ecological environment, conservation of biodiversity and provision of
environmental services, hunger eradication and poverty alleviation, raising of
living standards of rural and mountainous inhabitants, and preservation of
security and defense.
2. Tasks
a/ Economic tasks: To
establish, manage, protect, develop and use in a sustainable manner forests of
three types. To properly manage existing natural forests, expand the area and
raise the quality of plantation forests, promote agro-forestry activities and
effectively use bare land areas appropriate for forestry development.
Production and processing of timber and non-timber forest products must be
competitive and sustainable to basically meet domestic and export demands for
timber products and other forest products, specifically:
- The growth rate in
production value of the forestry sector (including forest product processing
industry and environmental services) will be from 4-5% a year, striving to
increase the share of the sector's GDP in national GDP to 2-3% by 2020;
- To manage in a
sustainable and effective manner 8.4 million ha of production forests, of which
4.15 million ha are plantation forests covering consolidated forests supplying
industrial raw materials, non-timber forest products, etc., and 3.63 million ha
of production forests being natural forests. The area of regenerated natural
forests and for combined agro-forestry production will be 0.62 million ha. To
strive for at least 30% of production forests to be issued forest certificates
(assessed and issued certificates of compliance with standards of sustainable
forest management);
To rationally plan,
manage and effectively use about 5.68 million ha of protection forests and 2.16
million ha of special-use forests.
- To afforest 1.0
million ha by 2010 and 1.5 million ha afterwards. To reforest 0.3 million ha a
year following exploitation.
- To zone off and
regenerate 0.8 million ha of forests.
- To carry out
dispersed plantation with 200 million trees a year.
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- To harvest fuel wood
with 25-26 million m3 a year for rural areas.
- To increase the
value of exported forest products to over USD 7.8 billion (including USD 7
billion of timber products and USD 0.8 billion of non-timber forest products).
- To increase revenues
from the forest environment values through the clean development mechanism
(CDM), ecotourism, prevention of erosion, protection of water sources, etc., up
to USD 2 billion by 2020.
b/ Social issues:
To improve the
livelihood of inhabitants engaged in silviculture through socializing and
diversifying forestry activities; to create jobs, raise awareness, capacity and
living standards for inhabitants; to pay special attention to ethnic minority
people, poor households and women in deep-lying and remote areas to step by
step help inhabitants engaged in silviculture live on silviculture,
contributing to hunger eradication and poverty alleviation, preservation of
security and defense; specifically:
- To create 2 million
jobs in forestry (including the processing of timber and non-timber products
and fine-arts and handicraft villages);
- To generate incomes,
contributing to eradicating poverty and reducing 70% of poor households in key
silviculture areas;
- To complete the
allocation and lease of forests and forestland to organizations, enterprises,
households, individuals and village communities before 2010;
- To increase the
percentage of trained forestry workforce to 50%, especially ethnic minority and
poor households and women in deep-lying and remote areas.
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- To protect forests
and conserve the nature and biodiversity in order to effectively perform the
functions of the forestry sector, including watershed protection, coastal
protection, urban environmental protection, natural disasters mitigation,
erosion prevention, water source preservation, protection of habitats and
generation of revenues for the forestry sector from environmental services
(environmental charges, carbon dioxide emissions market, ecotourism, cultural
tourism, resorts, etc.), making contributions to the national economy.
- To increase forest
cover to 42-43% by 2010 and to 47% by 2020.
- By 2010, to have new
0.25 million ha of protection and special-use forests.
- To minimize
violations related to forest natural resources. To restrict slash-and-burn
farming on forestland.
III.
ORIENTATIONS FOR FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT
1. General orientations
a/ Orientations for
planning three types of forests and forestland
On the basis of
criteria of special-use forests and protection forests and the requirements of
development of production forests to achieve socio-economic objectives, the
orientations for planning forest and forestland areas are as follows:
- For protection
forests:
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+ For watershed
protection forests, to review and rationally arrange existing projects while
focusing on formulating investment projects on protection and regeneration of
protection forests in the northern mountainous region (in the basins of Da
river, Red river, Lo river, Gam river, etc.), the northern Central Vietnam (in
the basins of Ma river, Ca river, Gianh river, etc.), the southern Central
Vietnam (in the basins of Cai river, Con river, Da Rang river, Tra Khuc river,
etc.), and the Central Highlands (in the basins of Xe Xan river, Ba river, Dong
Nai river, etc.);
+ For wavebreak,
anti-sea encroachment, windbreak and sandbreak protection forests, to
concentrate efforts on formulating a project on protection, rehabilitation and
development of submerged forests in coastal areas in the north, northern
Central Vietnam, coastal Central Vietnam and Mekong river delta, and strengthen
and develop the system of sandbreak and wavebreak forests in coastal Central Vietnam
areas;
+ For protection
forests for environmental protection, to concentrate efforts on establishing
forests in big cities like Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Hai Phong, Ha Long
and Can Tho, and industrial parks like Dung Quat, Vung Tau, Bien Hoa and Binh
Duong;
+ To establish
protection forests in the areas bordering on China,
Laos and Cambodia.
- For special-use
forests:
To review and
strengthen the system of existing natural special-use forests with a total area
not exceeding 2.16 million ha in the direction of raising forest quality and
biodiversity value, ensuring the criteria set by the Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development; to refrain from extensively developing national gardens
and nature reserves. For ecosystems which have not yet existed or exist in few
places, it is possible to invest in establishing several new reserves in the
northern mountainous region, northern Central Vietnam and the Central Highlands
and in wetland areas in the northern and southern deltas. To establish biodiversity
corridors with a view to forming larger ecological zones.
- For production
forests:
+ The total area of
planned production forests will be 8.4 million ha, including 3.63 million ha of
natural forests and 4.15 million ha of plantation forests; importance will be
attached to establishing consolidated industrial raw-material supply forest
areas; to manage sustainable use for multiple purposes. The remaining land area
planned for development of production forests and 0.62 million ha of
impoverished natural forests will be used for rehabilitating forests and
agro-forestry production.
- Under the Law on
Forest Protection and Development, forests are classified into special-use
forests, protection forests and production forests. However, in order to
approach international classification, it is necessary to study the
classification of forests into two types: protection forests and production
forests.
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b/ Orientations for
forest management, protection, development and use
- Forest management:
+ The entire area of
16.24 million ha of forests and forestland shall be uniformly managed on the
basis of establishing permanent national forest estates according to the system
of sub-areas, compartments and lots on the map and in the field. Forest
management shall be based on associating investment costs, economic benefits
and environmental values, and associating and sharing benefits between forest
owners and communities;
+ By 2010, basically
all forest areas (natural forests and plantation forests) and forestland areas
shall be allocated or leased to forest owners of all economic sectors,
specifically:
State organizations
shall manage most of special-use forests (about 85%), protection forests of
national importance and large protection forests (about 70%), and a number of
protection forests that are consolidated plantation forests or natural forests
(about 25%). All remaining area of production forests (75%), special-use
forests (15%) and protection forests (30%) shall be managed by state
enterprises, private enterprises, communities, cooperatives, households and
individuals in accordance with law.
Households and village
communities shall be allocated or leased according to law production forests that
are natural forests or plantation forests, forestland and a number of small and
dispersed special-use forests or protection forests that have been associated
with communities for ages. Dispersed forest and forestland areas located close
to villages shall be allocated to households, first of all poor households and
ethnic minority households, for constructing forest gardens to meet their
household needs;
Enterprises shall be
allocated or leased according to law small production forests (natural forests or
plantation forests), special-use forests or protection forests. To widely apply
models of participation by communities, households and individuals in managing
and protecting forests under the management of state organizations.
+ Allocation and lease
of forests to forest owners must comply with the plannings and plans approved
by competent authorities. Depending on those that are allocated or leased
forests and on the type of forests, the State shall collect forest and
forestland use levies at appropriate rates in accordance with law;
+ To modernize forest
management work based on the wide application of information technologies,
aerial photos' in statistics, inventory and monitoring of changes in natural
forest resources and forestland, etc.
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+ To change the
perception that forest protection is merely protection of forest trees to that
of protection of a constantly developing ecosystem combined with regeneration
and optimal use of forests. To attach importance to inspecting the process of
exploitation of forest products in forests; to inspect and control the
circulation and sale of forest products is a measure for forest protection;
+ Forest
protection and conservation shall adhere to the principle of development for
protection and creation of every condition for forest owners and local
inhabitants to participate in forest protection and development activities and
generate lawful incomes so that they can live on silviculture. The State shall
provide necessary supports for communities, households and individuals engaged
in forest protection when they have not yet received any direct incomes from
forests;
+ To protect and
conserve forests is the direct responsibility of forest owners with the
assistance of village communities and effective support of state management
agencies in charge of forestry and of local administrations. Forest
owners shall organize by themselves forest protection forces. Village
communities act as important local forest protection forces;
+ To protect forests
is the responsibility of local administrations and law enforcement bodies.
Presidents of People's Committees at all levels shall organize forest
protection and take responsibility for the occurrence of violations of the Law
on Forest Protection and Development in localities under their management;
+ To attach importance
to building and strengthening full-time and part-time forest protection forces
of forest owners and village communities to be able to quickly respond to
violations of the forest law and natural disasters such as forest fires and
pests, etc;
+ Forest
conservation must combine site conservation with conservation outside natural
habitats on a large scale and with the breeding and rearing of forest animals
of high economic value in accordance with law so as to create commercial
products and serve forest conservation. To pay attention to developing buffer
zones and establishing biodiversity corridors;
+ The forest ranger
force is the key force that assists forest owners and villages and communes as
well as the main force in handling violations of the law on forest protection
and development, and, at the same time, gives advice to administrations at all
levels on forest protection work. For communes with forests, local forest
rangers and commune forestry officers are advisers of commune People's
Committee on forest protection and development work. Armed forces and law
enforcement bodies shall regard forest protection as an important political
task of protecting national security, particularly for border protection
forests;
+ The State shall
ensure regular non-business funds and other funds for forest protection
activities of special-use forest and protection forest management units. To
quickly introduce the collection of charges for environmental forest services
to provide additional funds for forest protection work;
+ To step by step
enhance the role of associations, forest product producers and consumers and
users of forest services in forest protection work;
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- Forest
development: To plan, classify and develop forests of three types (special-use
forests, protection forests and production forests), combine conservation and
protection with development of ecotourism, resort tourism and other
environmental services.
+ Special-use forests
shall be developed mainly through conservation of their original state to
create the best habitats for conserving and developing endemic fauna and flora
species and specific ecosystems with a view to raising the quality of these forests
and the values of their biodiversity;
Apart from protecting
the original state of specific forest ecosystems in strictly protected zones,
for land areas without forests, to elaborate a plan on meadows and open ground
areas where forest animals can live or to zone off for regeneration natural
forests in which indigenous tree species are additionally planted or
agro-forestry activities are carried out, etc, so that inhabitants living in
special-use forests can generate incomes. To retain sufficient areas for
strictly protected sub-areas, attach importance to making investments in
eco-rehabilitation zones with a view to enhancing the capacity of conserving
endemic fauna and flora species. To promote ecotourism, resort tourism, etc.,
and study and renew the method of managing special-use forests in compliance
with the new global conception of nature conservation.
+ Protection forests
shall be developed to meet to the utmost requirements regarding watershed
protection, wavebreak, sea encroachment, sandbreak, etc., and contribute to
conserving biodiversity. Though it is perceived that all forest areas have the
protective function, only forests with a very important protection function are
arranged and called protection forests. Depending on the level of importance,
protection may be combined with agricultural production and fishery, landscape,
resort and eco-environmental tourism business, exploitation of forest products
and other benefits from protection forests.
Watershed protection
forests must be built into consolidated, inter-regional and multi-layer
forests, mainly through natural regeneration. Protection forests with
windbreak, sandbreak, wavebreak, sea encroachment or environmental protection
functions must be developed into forest belts suitable to natural conditions in
each region.
+ Production forests
shall be developed mainly in the direction of intensive cultivation with
importance attached to their productivity and quality and combination with
agricultural production, fishery, ecotourism, resort tourism and other
environmental services;
For production forests
that are natural forests, necessary forestry interventions should be made to
increase to the utmost their productivity and benefits. To step up
rehabilitation and development of natural forests through applying forestry
measures of tending and enriching them with multi-effect tree species and
non-timber forest resources so as to raise the quality and value of these
forests and generate incomes for mountainous inhabitants. For areas of impoverished
natural forests which are unsuccessfully regenerated and poor-quality
plantation forests, new forests with higher economic benefits or environmental
values can be planted.
For production forests
that are plantation forests, to prioritize their development according to the
planning on processing industry material supply zones in combination with
planting quickly growing small-timber trees and perennial big-timber trees; to
encourage the growing of multi-purpose trees and non-timber forest resources,
attach importance to developing tree species that are Vietnam's strengths. To
develop production plantation forests in response to market demand and in areas
with competitive edge, stable production and high economic benefits. To
concentrate efforts on quickly raising the productivity of plantation forests
through applying modern bio-technologies and intensive cultivation practices
with a view to basically meeting the demand of the forest product processing
industry for raw materials by 2020.
+ To vigorously develop
dispersed plantations so as to meet in time and effectively local needs for
wood products and fuel wood, especially in delta and coastal areas;
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+ To apply science and
technology as a driving force for forestry development on the basis of applying
advanced scientific and technological achievements and perpetuating
silvicultural experience of local inhabitants. To conduct forest development
researches in two major directions of improving forest tree species and
applying silvicultural measures to increase the productivity and quality of
forests as well as their values of environmental protection, nature and
biodiversity conservation.
+ The State shall
accelerate the building of infrastructure in service of forest development, pay
special attention to the system of seed forests, national seed gardens,
forestry roads and the system of prevention and fight of forest fires and
prevention and control of forest pests, etc.
+ To diversify sources
of income through developing short-term crop plants and rearing domestic
animals to generate immediate incomes while planting small forests,
participating in managing, protecting and enriching natural forests, developing
rural trades, particularly medium- and small-scale processing of forest
products, to generate higher incomes for mountainous inhabitants, especially
poor households at risk of relapse into poverty.
- Orientations for the
use of forests and development of the forest product processing industry:
+ Forest exploitation
and use:
To reasonably exploit
and use forest resources, which is also a silvicultural measure to regenerate
forests and improve their quality; to provide exploitation guidelines suitable
to the protection functions and level of forests;
To conduct sustainable
exploitation and use of natural forests according to forest management plans
and on the principles that forests, mainly rich forests, shall be exploited at
an intensity level depending on the growth volume of forests; medium and poor
forests shall be mainly exploited at different intensity levels for the
purposes of nurturing and enriching forests.
To exploit to the
utmost environmental forest services, such as watershed protection, protection
of coastal and urban environment, ecotourism and resort services, carbon credit
under the Clean Development Mechanism, etc., to generate revenues for
reinvestment in forest protection and development;
Forest exploitation
and use must bring about profits for forest owners and communities
participating in forest management and protection, and reduce adverse
environmental impacts. The State shall encourage organizations, households,
individuals and local communities to invest in, manage, exploit and use forests
in a sustainable manner;
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To encourage the use
of fuels that are waste materials from plantation forests and agriculture and of
other fuels with a view to minimizing the use of fuel wood from natural
forests.
To accelerate the
planting and use of non-timber forest resources, concentrating on product
groups that are our strengths such as rattan, bamboo articles, pharmaceutical
materials, resin oil and foodstuffs; to encourage the breeding and raising of
forest animals; to introduce a mechanism that allows forest owners to lawfully
exploit and use non-timber forest products.
+ To develop the
forest product-processing industry:
Forest product
processing and trade must become the economic spearhead of the forestry sector,
develop according to the market mechanism on the basis of advanced
technologies, and increase to the utmost benefits of forest products in order
to meet export and local consumption demands.
The non-state sector
shall play an important role and be encouraged to invest in developing the
forest product processing industry. To attach importance to development quality
by applying measures to renew management mechanisms, renew state enterprises,
encourage participation of the private sector, and create more healthy and
transparent markets;
To focus on developing
highly competitive products such as home wood furniture, outdoor wood articles,
fine-art wood items and rattan and bamboo products. From now to 2015, to
concentrate on reviewing, strengthening and upgrading small- and medium-sized
forest product-processing industrial establishments and developing the industry
on a large scale after 2015;
To build and expand
forest product processing industrial parks in areas where sufficient raw
materials can be supplied in a stable and infrastructure is convenient,
ensuring profits and competitiveness on the regional and world markets. To step
up modernization of the processing industry on a large scale and, at the same
time, step by step develop and modernize small-scale processing industries in
rural areas and traditional craft villages, contributing to diversify
agricultural and rural economy. To encourage the formation of establishments
that produce and processing plantation forest timber and non-timber forest
products.
To accelerate the
processing of artificial boards and pulp, gradually reduce the processing of
paper chips for export. To encourage the use of products from artificial boards
and plantation forest timber.
+ Orientations for
import and export of forest products:
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Major export products
will be home wood furniture, outdoor wood articles, fine-art wood items, and
refined non-timber products. To pay attention to big markets, namely the US, EU
and Japan;
To diversify and
continuously improve the quality and designs of processed products suitable to
domestic and foreign customers' tastes. To accelerate the creation of
trademarks and issue of certificates for export goods.
2. Orientations for
region-based forestry development
a/ The northern
midland and mountainous region
- Northwestern sub-region
(Dien Bien, Lai Chau, Son La and Hoa Binh):
+ To establish and
strengthen watershed protection forests at hydropower plant sites along Da
river in order to reduce droughts, floods and erosion and increase water supply
for hydropower plants and irrigation works;
+ To continue
conserving tropical forest ecosystems on mountainous areas and gene sources of
rare and precious forest flora and fauna species, and develop ecotourism;
+ To diversify sources
of income based on developing socialized forestry, gradually reducing and
replacing slash-and-burn farming with agro-forestry production in order to
protect and develop forests and improve living standards for communities;
+ To establish
raw-material supply zones for the industry of processing timber (paper and
artificial boards) and non-timber forest products. To prioritize development of
small-scale processing of timber and special non-timber forest products
suitable to the characteristics of each region.
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+ To establish
raw-material supply zones associated with the processing industry to basically
meet the demands for paper, woodchips, pit-props and wood products on the basis
of practicing intensive cultivation on 1.5 million ha of production forests
(including both natural forests and plantation forests), and establish
consolidated industrial raw-material supply zones on high-productivity land
areas among nearly 1 million ha of bare land;
+ To build forest
product processing and trade industrial clusters for the northern region in the
development triangle of Hanoi, Hai Phong and Quang Ninh, and its vicinity. To
develop forest product processing villages. To build another MDF board plant
with an annual output of 100,000 m3 and modernize existing artificial board
plants in Viet Tri, Thai Nguyen, etc. To promote export, with attention paid to
the Chinese market;
+ To establish and
strengthen the system of watershed protection forests at river estuaries, and
coastal protection forests;
+ To continue
establishing and consolidating national gardens, nature reserves and historical
landscape forests; to develop ecotourism.
b/ The northern delta
region (Hanoi, Hai Phong, Ha Tay, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, Thai
Binh and Ninh Binh):
- To establish and
strengthen protection forests in service of environmental protection in urban
centers and industrial parks and coastal protection; to step up dispersed
plantations, improve landscape and partly meet the demand for timber for
domestic use;
- To strengthen and
protect existing national gardens such as Cuc Phuong, Ba Vi, Cat Ba and Xuan
Thuy, nature reserves, historical and cultural relic and landscape sites; to
promote ecotourism and resort services.
To renew technologies
and enhance capacity for enterprises and traditional trade villages engaged in
processing wood products and non-timber forest products.
c/ The northern
Central Vietnam region (Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri and
Thua Thien Hue):
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- To protect and strengthen
national gardens of Pu Mat, Vu Quang, Ben En, Bach Ma, Phong Nha - Ke Bang and
other nature reserves. To establish special-use forests in northern and central
Truong Son mountain range to protect biodiversity in the region in combination
with watershed protection;
- To establish and
develop raw-material supply zones to supply timber and non-timber forest
products, which are associated with the processing industry, so as to form
industrial forest product processing zones in localities based on potential and
market. To promote the processing of wood products (first of all paper chips)
and develop rural trade villages, with attention paid to non-timber forest
products (pine latex, bamboo, rattan, etc);
- To promote
community-based forest management, especially for scattered watershed
protection forests and sandbreak protection forests, and activities of
improving infertile soil.
d/ The coastal
southern Central Vietnam region (Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu
Yen, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan)
- To strengthen the
system of watershed protection forests, especially in deforested sloping
mountainous areas. To promote the planting of protection forests to prevent
wind, flying sand and coastal landslides;
- To step up
protection of existing forests and afforestation in barren areas in Ninh Thuan
and Binh Thuan provinces for improving water sources and cultivation land;
- To protect and
strengthen existing national gardens like Nui Ong and Takou. To continue
establishing special-use forests in southern Truong Son mountain range and
traditional historical and cultural areas, and promote and develop ecotourism;
- To establish key
plantation forests supplying industrial raw materials and non-timber forest
products linked to the key export processing zone from Quy Nhon to Da Nang. To
upgrade technologies and equipment in the processing of woodwork for export,
artificial boards and pulp;
- To build another
particle board plant with an annual output of over 100,000 m3 of products.
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- To immediately
identify permanent forest estates in the Central Highlands for establishing
production forests that supply big timber; at the same time to strengthen and
protect the system of watershed protection forests in the coastal southern
Central Vietnam and the southeast;
- To promote
protection of national gardens and nature reserves rich in biodiversity such as
Ngoc Linh, Yok Don, Chu Yang Shin, Bi Dup ' Nui Ba, Chu Mom Ray, etc., To
conserve endemic species in Khop forests and pine forests and develop
ecotourism;
- To properly manage
natural forests, regenerate, tend and enrich them. To promote terrain potential
for planting multi-purpose forests (big timber, small timber, non-timber forest
products, eco-environmental values), in order to basically meet the raw
materials demands of processing centers in the Central Highlands and coastal
southern Central Vietnam provinces.
- To enhance capacity
and upgrade equipment and technologies for forest product processing clusters
in Buon Ma Thuot, Buon Ho, Pleiku, An Khe, Kon Tum, etc.
- To expeditiously
implement land policies, allocate land and forests and develop community-based
forestry, contributing to creating jobs, improving living standards and raising
knowledge for Central Highlands ethnic minority inhabitants, especially in
deep-lying and remote areas;
f/ The southeast
region (Ho Chi Minh city, Binh Phuoc, Tay Ninh, Binh Duong, Dong Nai and Ba Ria
Vung Tau):
- To expeditiously
establish permanent forest estates; to strengthen and protect the system of
watershed protection forests and protection forests of reservoirs, dams and
hydropower plants such as Tri An, Dau Tieng, Thac Mo, etc., to step up the
establishment of environmental protection forests for industrial parks, big
cities and coastal areas.
- To accelerate the
processing of forest products in the region and the planting of forests for
intensive farming so as to partially supply raw materials for export processing
parks in Ho Chi Minh City, Bien Hoa, Binh Duong and Vung Tau, and Tan Mai paper
plant in Dong Nai.
- To promote
protection and conservation of biodiversity in special-use forests like
national gardens of Bu Gia Map, Con Dao, Cat Tien, Lo Go - Sa Mat and Can Gio,
and other nature reserves. To attach importance to developing ecotourism and
resort services.
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- To expeditiously
establish permanent forest estates for three types of forests. To step up
dispersed plantations on land areas under aquaculture and agriculture. To
properly handle the relationship between protection of submerged forests and
aquaculture;
- To establish and
strengthen wavebreak protection forests to protect the shore and other
projects;
- To strengthen and
protect special-use forests; to expeditiously rehabilitate the submerged forest
ecosystem and the cajuput forest ecosystem. To study and implement effective
measures to prevent and fight cajuput forest fires. To encourage conservation
and development of traditional endemic animal species such as python,
crocodile, tortoise, snake, bee, etc.
- To build forest
product processing establishments of appropriate sizes, prioritize researches
into the use of mangrove, cajuput, eucalyptus, etc., as raw materials for the
production of pulp, artificial boards and woodwork for domestic consumption and
export.
To organize combined
agro-forestry and fishery production and business activities to ensure people's
life and protect the environment.
Part
4
IMPLEMENTATION
SOLUTIONS
I.
POLICY AND LAW-RELATED SOLUTIONS
1. Policies on forest
and forestland management
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- To revise and
perfect policies on allocation and lease of forests and forestland so as to create
a driving force for encouraging all economic sectors to participate in
protecting, developing and trading in forest products and to ensure
satisfactory benefits for forest owners;
- To prioritize the
allocation and contracting of protection forests to communities, cooperatives
and households for long-term management, protection and benefit sharing
according to plannings and plans approved by competent authorities;
- To facilitate forest
owners to exercise the rights to use land and use and own forests according to
the provisions of law in their production and business activities in compliance
with the law of commodity production to make forests truly become a commodity
and a source of funding for forestry development. To encourage land
accumulation for forming consolidated raw-material supply plantation forests in
the form whereby households and individuals lease or contribute shares with
their forests and forestland use rights;
- To continue piloting
and widely applying models of community-based forest management; to perfect
regulations on forest management and benefit sharing involving multiple
sectors. To perfect and implement mechanisms and policies to lease production
forests and protection forests that are natural forests. To pilot and build a legal
foundation for the allocation and lease of special-use forests to non-state
economic sectors, especially for ecotourism and resort services.
- To step up the
review, formulation and perfection of legal documents on forest management,
protection, development and use; to abolish cumbersome and ineffective
administrative procedures. Fine local customs and practices should be
considered, studied and perfected for incorporation into forest protection and
development rules suitable to each locality.
- To further
decentralize state management of forests to district- and commune-level
administrations. To clearly define responsibilities and powers of forest
owners, administrations at all local levels, law enforcement bodies and
villages in localities where forests are lost or destroyed;
- To intensify law
dissemination and education to raise the forest protection and development
awareness and responsibility of administrations at all levels, branches, every
owner, every citizen and the entire society in combination with enhancing state
management, institutions and laws.
2. Financial and
credit policies
- To develop specific
capital construction and investment mechanisms for the forestry sector and
renew the mode of state investment in the sector according to the forest
protection and development plan to replace the current allocation of funds
according to average investment ratios;
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- In order to attract
investors, particularly foreign investors, to create a transparent and stable
investment environment, ensure clear industrial property rights, rights to use
land and use and own forests for a long term, supply accurate information on
investment opportunities and forest resources, and simplify enterprise
formation procedures. To implement policies to switch state investment from
direct to indirect investment (infrastructure, seeds, science and technology,
etc.) and create favorable conditions for private enterprises to invest in
forest product production and processing;
- To publicize
forestry development plannings, pilot and widely apply the bidding for lease of
forests for production, ecotourism or resort services. The State shall make
more efforts to formulate a planning on and support the formulation of some
projects on consolidated industrial raw-material supply plantation forests to
call for domestic and foreign investment;
- To formulate and
implement an economic policy mechanism to ensure retrieval of environmental
service values created by the forestry sector and provided to the society such
as protection and creation of water sources for hydropower and irrigation
projects, coastal protection, environment protection for urban centers,
ecotourism, cultural tourism, resort tourism, etc. For organizations and
individuals benefiting from the forestry sector's environmental services, they
are obliged to pay charges for these services as a financial source for
reinvestment to ensure the forestry sector's balanced and sustainable
development. Thus, the requirement of formulating a forestry policy mechanism
in the new period is to enable the forestry sector to "tend forests with
forests" rather than with state subsidies.
To carry out on a
pilot basis a small afforestation project applying the clean development
mechanism (CDM) to create incomes for poor population communities and small
enterprises, and a larger project for other enterprises.
- To step up the
valuation of forests as a basis for forest-related transactions. To set up
central and local forest protection and development funds from different
sources of funding (budgetary fund, ODA capital, environmental service charges,
carbon credit, ecotourism, fines collected for violations of the Law on Forest
Protection and Development, and other contributions), and work out appropriate
mechanisms of managing and using these funds.
- To increase
budgetary funds for the management, protection and development of special-use
forests, protection forests and production forests, scientific research,
forestry extension, human resource training, establishment of a modern forest
management system, forest inventory and planning, establishment of high-quality
seed forests and gardens, and make adequate investments in building forestry
infrastructure like agricultural infrastructure;
- For protection
forests and special-use forests, the State shall allocate annual non-business
funds for their management units and funds for the operation of village or
commune forest protection teams; for production forests, the State shall
support the planting of rare and precious tree species, trees with a long business
cycle and the building of forestry infrastructure, particularly forestry roads,
forest fire prevention and fight facilities and equipment and forest pest
prevention and control for consolidated raw-material supply plantation forests.
- The State shall
accelerate the contracting of protection forests for protection along the line
of directly enjoying forest benefits and other incomes, including charges
collected from environmental services; shall conduct further researches and
make adequate investments in developing combined agro-forestry and producing
non-timber forest products (from consolidated forests and under forest canopy)
to gradually replace the current mechanism of contracting with money from the
state budget;
- The State shall
implement a mechanism to provide preferential loans for households engaged in
forest protection and development, especially households of the poor and ethnic
minority people in mountainous, remote or deep-lying areas, so that they can
develop production by the mode of combined agro-forestry, non-timber forest
products, rearing of big cattle and cultivation of crop plants when they have
not yet got incomes from forests;
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- To study an
afforestation risk insurance mechanism for forest owners; in the immediate
future, to use the risk support amount from the Forest Protection and
Development Fund.
II.
RENEWING PRODUCTION AND BUSINESS ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT AND ENCOURAGING
ALL ECONOMIC SECTORS TO PARTICIPATE IN FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT
- To promote the
equitization of state-owned forestry enterprises (the State shall not hold
dominant shares); to develop forms of joint venture and association between
state companies and private enterprises and communities in forest planting and
protection and forest product processing; to develop cooperative economy in
forestry;
- To renew state-owned
forestry farms and reorganize effectively operating ones into medium or big
forestry state companies engaged in diversified production and business
activities connected with forest product processing and trade in regions with
consolidated forestland areas, acting as the core in the sector's development;
to proceed to equitize them, allow them to enjoy financial autonomy and conduct
various production and business activities in accordance with law. The State
shall provide funds for them to carry out forest and forestland allocation or
lease procedures, support training to raise the capacity of their personnel;
and provide funds for forest inventory and elaboration of forest management
plans for the first cycle;
- To attach importance
to developing forestry production and business based on households, farms,
village communities and cooperatives. For mountainous households, the State
shall provide funds for them to restructure crop plants in the direction of
combined agro-forestry in order to minimize slash-and-burn farming;
- To implement a
mechanism to prioritize the participation of poor and ethnic minority households
in forestry enterprises' and farms' activities of planting consolidated
industrial forests and processing forest products on a small scale so as to
create more jobs and generate incomes for them;
- To encourage the
private and non-government sectors to participate in forestry research,
training and extension activities through public bidding;
- To implement
policies to encourage all economic sectors, especially the private sector at
home and abroad, to invest in forest business and forest product processing. To
exempt forestland use tax for enterprises, households and individuals engaged
in forestry production in the first cycle; to exempt taxes for forest product
processing enterprises that are newly built or renew their technologies; to
simplify procedures for commercial exploitation and marketing of forest
products.
III.
PLANNING, PLAN AND SUPERVISORY SOLUTIONS
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- To make statistics
on, inventory and monitor natural forest resource changes in combination with
making statistics on and inventorying land. To create and update a database on
forest resources management and apply advanced technologies to improve the
quality of forest planning investigations;
- To improve the
quality of formulation and implementation of forest protection and development
plannings and plans at all levels, of forestry units and communities in
association with local socio-economic development plannings and plans. While
formulating plannings and plans on protection of special-use forests, to
formulate plannings and plans on protection and development of buffer zones and
biodiversity corridors.
- To renew the
planning method and improve the planning quality in the direction of promoting
networking combined with the use of inter-branch information and involving the
participation of concerned parties;
- To plan and develop
forest product processing and trade industrial parks along with reviewing and
establishing consolidated industrial raw-material supply areas. To plan
replacement of low-productivity plantation forests. To pay attention to
planning the development of villages engaged in producing and processing forest
products on a small scale and of forestry farms;
- To integrate
forestry projects into hunger eradication and poverty alleviation and
agricultural and rural development programs and projects in localities so as to
achieve more effective use of ODA capital and government funds. Special-use
forest and protection forest management units and forestry companies should
participate in providing support services or managing local socio-economic development
projects;
- To intensify
monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of plannings and plans on
forest protection and development, forest statistics and inventory and
monitoring of natural forest resource changes. To soon create a monitoring and evaluation
system and enhance the capacity of planning and financial management agencies
and units at all levels so as to ensure closer coordination in planning and
financial management work;
- To strengthen the
forestry sector information and monitoring system to serve the monitoring and
evaluation of the implementation of the Forestry Development Strategy, meeting
the requirements of the forestry sector management and international
integration.
IV.
SECTOR ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS
- To renew the sector
organization toward building a unified state management organization system in
charge of forestry which is sufficiently strong from the central to grassroots
level nationwide;
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- To encourage and
support the establishment of associations and unions of forestry product
producers, traders, processors, importers and exporters.
- To develop a mechanism
of long-term coordination between forestry research, education, training and
extension and forest owners, enterprises and communities to combine forestry
research, training and extension with forestry production and business.
V.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
- Forestry scientific
and technological research activities must meet production and market
requirements and involve the participation of forest owners and enterprises.
- To review, formulate
and perfect technical processes and rules on afforestation, forest
rehabilitation, improvement, tending and enrichment, prevention and control of
forest pests, prevention and fight of forest fires, forest exploitation and
use, etc.;
- To formulate and
implement a Forestry Research Strategy in the 2006-2020 period, concentrate on
breakthrough researches in the sector such as biotechnology, technologies of
refining non-timber forest products, planting of high-yield forests,
improvement of impoverished natural forests, conversion and effective use of land
areas under slash-and-burn farming; identification of environmental values of
forests, combined agro-forestry measures, and mechanisms and policies to
attract economic sectors to engage in and get rich from silviculture;
- To formulate and
implement a forest tree seed strategy for the 2006-2020 period, first of all to
meet the needs for high-quality seeds for afforestation under Project 661 and
other programs and projects;
- To formulate and
implement a national scheme on conservation and development of non-timber
forest products in the 2006-2020 period;
- To concentrate on
researches into such solutions as combined agro-forestry, planting of
non-timber forest products and rearing of big cattle, etc., so as to increase incomes
for inhabitants engaged in silviculture, especially poor households;
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- To promote the
application of modern technologies and equipment in the processing of forest
products; to regard foreign investment as a new channel of technology transfer.
To encourage the application of advanced technologies that are
environment-friendly, save fuels and use agricultural waste wood and materials
in the processing of forest products. To encourage research into and use of new
materials to substitute timber and fuel wood with a view to reducing pressure
on forests;
- To step by step
renew activities and enhance the capacity of forestry institutes and schools
into strong consultancy centers that meet various requirements of forestry
management agencies, processing enterprises and forest owners;
- To encourage the
establishment of forestry technology transfer centers, forestry science and
technology consultancy centers and specialized training service centers under
research, training and forestry extension agencies;
- To set up forestry
extension organizations from the central level to provinces and districts with
many forests as part of the forestry extension system at all levels. To arrange
full-time or part-time forestry extension workers in communes with many
forests, with priority given to employing those who are of ethnic minority
groups in deep-lying and remote areas. To quickly set up voluntary forestry
extension organizations in communes and villages, particularly in deep-lying
and remote areas hardly accessible by the State-built agricultural extension
system. The State shall provide necessary supports for these organizations;
- To perfect the
mechanism of increasing the autonomy and accountability of research, training and
forestry extension organizations on the basis of contracting the quality and
quantity of products through public biddings.
VI.
HUMAN RESOURCE TRAINING SOLUTIONS
- To formulate and
implement a strategy on training and capacity building for forestry staffs at
all levels, especially at the commune level and in deep-lying and remote areas,
so as to meet sector renewal and international integration requirements;
- To pay greater
attention to providing training and forestry extension services for the poor,
particularly ethnic minority inhabitants and women, so that they are capable of
diversifying crop plants and domestic animals, and generate stable incomes. To
attach importance to providing training for ethnic minority inhabitants and
providing transferable training for forestry officers in deep-lying and remote
areas;
- To enhance the
capacity of managers, enterprises, communities and households engaged in
silviculture through on-site and short-term training and forestry extension so
that they can step by step make, implement and monitor their own forest
protection and development plans;
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- To elaborate a
scheme on comprehensive renewal of the forestry education and training system
in terms of structure, teaching programs, contents and methods and
administration mechanisms for the purpose of raising training quality. To
provide training based on demand, combine theory with practice, and increase
the duration of pupils' and students' practice at production establishments. To
strive to have several forestry institutes and schools up to international
research and training standards by 2020;
- To develop
short-term training programs on specific topics, prioritize training of farmers
engaged in silviculture, forestry workers and craftsmen in craft villages;
- To encourage
domestic raining and forestry extension organizations, non-governmental
organizations and international projects to support training and forestry
extension activities for inhabitants engaged in silviculture, with priority
given to poor households and women;.
- To draw up a plan on
and train scientists and lecturers specializing in forestry domains,
particularly economics, forest management and social forestry, and create
favorable conditions for young, female and ethnic minority scientists to take
part in scientific research and teaching activities.
- To develop forms of
distance training to meet ever increasing learning and research needs. To
integrate soon forest environment education into curricula of schools
nationwide.
VII.
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION SOLUTIONS
- To promote
international economic integration in the forestry domain when Vietnam is a
member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) through active participation in
and close cooperation with regional and bilateral international forestry
organizations;
- To step up strategic
mobilization, attraction and use of ODA capital for forest protection and
development, biodiversity conservation, environmental protection, hunger
eradication and poverty alleviation and improvement of the livelihood of
inhabitants living on forests, and raising of the effectiveness of the forestry
sector management. To improve ODA management methods in the sector, accelerate
disbursement of capital for ODA-funded projects, manage and efficiently use the
funding source of the Trust Fund for Forests and the Vietnam Conservation Fund.
To pilot and widely apply the new approach (sector- and program-based approach)
so as to more effectively use international funding sources;
- To gradually create
a favorable legal corridor and improve the investment environment to attract
direct investment (FDI) from foreign investors, especially in the planting of
industrial raw-material supply forests, forest product processing and
technology transfer;
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- To take the
initiative in and actively cooperate with other states, world and regional
advanced institutes and schools in forestry research, education, training and
extension, in order to quickly approach advanced scientific and technological
forestry standards in the region and the world, develop human resources and
upgrade equipment for the sector;
- To further implement
multilateral environment agreements and international commitments related to
forestry which Vietnam has acceded to such as the Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the United Nations
Biodiversity Convention (UNDCBD), the United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification (UNCCD), the United Nations framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC), etc., with a view to raising Vietnam's status in the world and
the region and seek for new support funding sources such as the Global
Environment Facility (GEF), the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), etc..
Part
5
PROGRAMS
The objectives and
orientation of the Forestry Development Strategy will be realized through the
following programs:
Three development
programs:
1. The program on
sustainable forest management and development
2. The program on
protection of forests, conservation of biodiversity and development of environmental
services
3. The program on
forest product processing and trade
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1. The program on
forestry research, education, training and extension
2. The program on
renewal of institutions and policies, planning and monitoring of the forestry
sector
I.
THE PROGRAM ON SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
1. Objectives
To manage, develop and
use forests in a sustainable and effective manner to basically meet the demand for
forest products for domestic consumption and export, make contributions to
national economic growth and social stability, particularly in ethnic minority
and mountainous areas and, at the same time, ensure their function of
protection, biodiversity conservation and provision of environmental services,
contributing to national sustainable development.
2. Tasks
- To establish
permanent forest estates for three types of forests, draw maps and place
markers on the field, to manage in a sustainable and effective manner all the
area of production forests, and stabilize 3.63 million ha of natural forests
and 4.15 million ha of plantation forests (including industrial raw material
and non-timber product supply plantation forests and other types of plantation
forests);
- To allocate or lease
all forests and forestland to forest owners before 2010;
- To formulate and
implement forest management plans and enhance capacity for forest owners such
as forestry companies, cooperatives, communities, forest-invested enterprises;
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- To supply small
timber for pulp processing, 3.4 million m3 by 2010 and 8.3 million m3 by 2020;
- To raise the
productivity and quality of plantation forests to reach an average of 15 m3 of
timber/ha/year on the basis of implementation of the Forest Tree Seed Strategy
in the 2006-2020 period;
- To enrich 0.5
million ha of impoverished forests, thereby improving the quality of natural
forests;
- To afforest 1
million ha by 2010 (including 0.75 million ha of production forests and 0.25
million ha of protection and special-use forests) and 1.5 million ha in the
subsequent period; to reforest 0.3 million ha of exploited forests a year;
- To plant 200 million
dispersed trees a year, equivalent to 100,000 ha of forest to meet the needs
for domestic timber and fuel wood in localities;
- To conduct
periodical forest inventories, to strengthen and update the database on forest
resources and relevant socio-economic information;
- 100% of production
and business unit shall make, implement, monitor and evaluate forest management
plans;
- At least 30% of
production forests shall be granted sustainable forest management certificates
by 2020;
- To supply equipment
and facilities to modernize forest management work.
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1. Objectives
To protect forests and
conserve biodiversity in an effective manner with the active participation of
local communities and greater contributions from environmental forest services.
2. Tasks
a/ Protection of
forests (protection, special-use and production)
- To effectively
protect 16.24 million ha of forests and forestland
- To disseminate 100% of
regulatory documents to forest owners and local inhabitants;
- The State shall
continue contracting the protection of 1.5 million ha of protection forests and
special-use forests till 2010;
- To reduce by 80%
cases of violation of the law on forest protection and development;
- 100% of forest
owners, villages and communes with forests will have forest protection forces.
100% of commune forest rangers and forest protection forces will be provided
with training to improve their capacity;
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b/ Management of the
system of protection forests and special-use forests
- To establish and strengthen
the system of protection forests (for watersheds, coastal areas and urban
environment) with a total area of about 5.68 million ha and the system of
special-use forests with a total area not exceeding 2.16 million ha;
- 100% of protection
and special-use forests will have managers (state organizations, private
entities or communities) and medium- and long-term protection and development
plannings and plans till 2010;
- To continue piloting
before widely applying the community-based forest management model and other
forms (community-based management, shareholding companies, cooperatives, joint
venture and association, etc.).
c/ Environmental
services
- To study and set
charges for environmental forest services, such as protection of water sources,
prevention of soil erosion, prevention of accumulation and absorption of carbon
dioxide, ecotourism, etc; to develop a mechanism of payment for environmental
services in the 2006-2010 period;
- From 2007, to set up
and put into operation the forest protection and development fund.
III.
THE PROGRAM ON FOREST PRODUCT PROCESSING AND TRADE
1. Objectives
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2. Tasks
a/ To reorganize the
timber and non-timber forestry product processing industry so as to balance
production capacity and stable supply of raw materials.
b/ To enhance the
capacity of industrial production of forest products to basically meet domestic
and export demands, specifically:
- Total output of sawn
timber: 6 million m3/year.
- Particle boards:
320,000 m3 of products/year.
- MDF boards: 220,000
m3 of products/year.
- Value of exported
timber products: USD 7 billion (3.5 million m3 of products).
+ Value of exported
non-timber forest products: USD 0.8 billion.
c/ By 2020, non-timber
forest products will become a major commodity, accounting for more than 20% of
total value of forestry production, and the value of exported non-timber forest
products will increase 15-20% on average; to attract 1.5 million laborers and
incomes from non-timber forest products will account 15-20% of rural household
economy.
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1. Objectives
To raise the quality
and effectiveness of forestry research, education, training and extension
activities in order to developing high-quality human resources for the forestry
sector. To take science and technology as a momentum for developing the sector,
to link research and training to production and market so as to increase contributions
to forestry economic growth, environmental protection, and improve living
standards for inhabitants engaged in silviculture.
2. Tasks
a/ Research
- To focus on
conducting researches in some breakthrough areas such as bio-technology,
non-timber forest product refining technology, plantation of high-yield
forests, agro-forestry and improvement of impoverished natural forests;
- To renovate
technologies and equipment and facilities for the forest product processing
industry to increase competitiveness and meet the requirements of international
economic integration;
- To study scientific
and practical grounds for the formulation of breakthrough policies in the
forestry sector (production with high profits, socialization, development of
non-timber forest products, pricing of environmental services, attraction of
funds from the private sector at home and abroad, etc.).
b/ Education and
training
- To provide formal
training for an annual average of about 5,000 students and pupils at schools of
the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, to pay attention to
providing advanced training for key officials.
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- From 2008, to incorporate
forest and environment protection education into curricula in all general
education schools;
- To provide training
for 80% of local forest management cadres in forest inventory and formulation
and implementation of forest management and protection plans;
- To enhance the
capacity of lecturers and provide essential equipment and facilities for
forestry institutes and schools;
- To perfect and
update training programs and textbooks to meet the requirements of renewal and international
economic integration.
- To promote
association between the forestry training system and the forestry extension
system. To have one to two forestry training institutions up to international
standards by 2020.
c/ Forestry extension
- To raise forest
management and protection knowledge and skills for 80% of farmer households;
- To attract 50% of
private entities and mass organizations to take part in forestry extension
activities;
- To place at least
one full-time or part-time forestry extension cadre in each commune with many
forests; to develop and enhance the capacity of the voluntary forestry
extension system;
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- To build up linkages
between the forestry extension and training system and forest owners and forest
product processing enterprises.
V.
THE PROGRAM ON RENEWAL OF INSTITUTIONS AND POLICIES, PLANNING AND MONITORING OF
THE SECTOR
1. Objectives
To create a favorable
legal environment for forestry activities driven by the market and
international integration, with the broad participation of households,
communities and private entities; to strengthen the organizational system while
renewing planning and supervisory work of the forestry sector.
2. Tasks
a/ To build and update
a system of policies, laws and institutions toward delegation of more powers to
localities, sustainable forestry development driven by the market, and
socialization of silviculture.
b/ To develop
mechanisms and policies as a momentum to stimulate all economic sectors to join
in forest protection and development, encourage all economic sectors at home
and abroad to develop forestry economy.
c/ To reorganize, and
raise the effectiveness of, state management agencies in charge of forestry in
the direction of unifying the functions of managing, protecting, using and
developing forests; to make clear the functions and tasks of forestry
organizations at all levels and diversify forestry services.
d/ To organize a
number of forestry state companies operating according to the market mechanism
in remote and difficult forestry areas in which non-state economic sectors are
not ready to invest; to equitize forestry production and forest product processing
state companies that are operating inefficiently.
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f/ To establish a
state-owned forestry extension system at all levels and introduce mechanisms to
support voluntary forestry extension organizations in villages and communes
with forests.
g/ To establish
specialized monitoring and evaluation units in combination with strengthening
the forestry planning system at all levels.
Part
6
ORGANIZATION
OF IMPLEMENTATION
I.
ASSIGNMENT OF DUTIES
- The Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development shall act as the coordinator with the prime
responsibility for, together with other ministries, branches and
provincial/municipal Peoples Committees, organizing the implementation of the
Forestry Development Strategy and incorporating its contents into the national,
ministerial, sector and local socio-economic development plans;
- The Ministry of
Planning and Investment and the Ministry of Finance shall coordinate with the
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in balancing and allocating
funds, and computing funds from the state budget and other sources for the
effective implementation of the Strategy;
- The Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment shall coordinate with the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development in instructing localities to review land use
plannings and allocate or lease forestland according to the objectives and
tasks of the Forestry Strategy and elaborate schemes combining forest
inventories with national land inventories conducted once every five years;
- The National
Statistics Office shall coordinate with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development and related parties in identifying contents and indicators for the forestry
sector monitoring and evaluation; direct and guide localities in making
statistics, inventory forests and study the forestry sector's economic and
environmental contributions, etc., according to the new definition of forestry,
and submit them to the Government for revision and supplementation of the
forestry sub-sector in Decree No. 75/CP of October 27, 1973.
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- Annually, the
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development shall coordinate with other
ministries, branches and localities in evaluating the implementation of the
Strategy and report it to the Prime Minister. Forest protection and development
shall be regarded as an important content of the Government's year-end report
to the National Assembly.
II.
ESTABLISHMENT OF SUB-COMMITTEES TO COORDINATE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
For each program, an
implementation-coordinating sub-committee shall be established.
1. Composition
- The sub-committee
head is a leading official of an agency attached to the Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development and related to the program;
- Members are
representatives of concerned agencies, units, communities, and state and
private enterprises and international partners and projects that are interested
and voluntarily participate in the program.
2. Tasks
- To make medium-term
and annual plans for the program, covering the objectives, activities,
outcomes, budget and financial supports for the program implementation;
- To propose
activities of coordination between the participating parties and seek funds for
the program implementation.
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- To discuss and
propose the formulation or revision of relevant policies and mechanisms.
- To discuss and
propose the formulation or revision of econo-technical processes, rules,
textbooks and norms.
- To hold periodical
plenary meetings and topical seminars with the participation of the
participating parties, use the Strategy's forum for information exchange
between concerned parties.
- To collaborate with
international partners, concerned agencies and organizations in seeking funding
sources for medium-term and annual activities of the sub-committee.
III.
EXPECTED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE OF THE STRATEGY IN THE 2006-2010 PERIOD
(See details in table
3 enclosed herewith)
IV.
LIST OF SCHEMES/PROJECTS PRIORITIZED FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN THE 2007-2010
On the basis of the
(2007-2010) plans of actions of the programs in the Strategy, in order to
effectively use domestic resources and, at the same time, make use of the
assistance of international partners for the performance of key tasks of sector
development, 21 schemes/projects are prioritized for formulation and
implementation in the 2007-2010 period (see Table 4 enclosed herewith).
Part
7
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I.
MONITORING
To monitor the
implementation of the Forestry Development Strategy aims to raise the
effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the Strategy through supplying
information and feedbacks for policymakers to adjust plans and take timely
remedies.
Major contents of
monitoring of the implementation of the Strategy:
- Assessing the
achieved results as well as constraints against the objectives and implementation
progress;
- The situation of
mobilization of resources and financial sources at all levels;
- Analyzing and
assessing impacts in the process of implementation of the Strategy at all
levels;
- Assessing the effects
of relevant policies in the realization of the Strategy's objectives;
- Identifying and
analyzing major problems inside and outside the sector and international issues
that may affect the process of implementation of the Strategy and necessary
adjustments.
II.
EVALUATION
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Contents of
evaluation:
- Evaluating
political, economic, social and environmental changes pertaining to the
Strategy's objectives;
- Supplying
information in the results of realization of the Strategy's objectives, such as
conservation of biodiversity, increase of protection value, improvement of
people's living standards, the forestry sector's contributions to the process
of socio-economic development at various levels;
- Evaluating the
coordination between the implementation of the Strategy and local
socio-economic development plans;
- Evaluating changes
in the policy environment and impacts of policy measures;
- Evaluating impacts
of forestry on hunger eradication and poverty alleviation;
- Evaluating
environmental impacts, including contributions to the global environment such
as carbon absorption;
- Quantifying the
forestry sector's contributions to the national economy, local economy,
international trade and employment generation;
- Evaluating the
materialization of international commitments.
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Part
8
PROJECTED
FUNDING NEEDS AND SOURCES
The
total funding need for the Strategy in the entire period of 2006-2020 is VND
106,759.06 billion, of which the funding need for the 2006-2010 period is VND
33,885.34 billion and the funding need for the 2011-2020 period is 72,873.72
billion (see details in enclosed Tables 5, 6 and 7)
VICE
PRIME MINISTER
STANDING DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER
Nguyen Sinh Hung
TABLE 1
FORECASTS ON DEMANDS FOR TIMBER, NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS
AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
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2003
2005
2010
2015
2020
I. Timber for domestic
consumption and export (1,000 m3)
7,420
10,063
14,004
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22,160
1. Big timber for industrial
and civil use
4,561
5,373
8,030
10,266
11,993
2. Small timber for production
of artificial boards and wood chips for export
1,649
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2,464
2,922
1,682
3. Demand for small timber for
pulp production
1,150
2,568
3,388
5,271
8,283
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60
90
120
160
200
II. Value of exported forest
products (million USD)
721
1,700
3,700
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7,800
1. Timber products
567
1,500
3,400
4,200
7,000
2. Non-timber forest products
154
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300
600
800
III. Value of environmental
services* (million USD)
0
0
250
900
2,000
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0
0
400
800
2. Watershed, coastal, urban
protection
0
0
200
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800
3. Ecotourism
50
200
400
IV. Demand for fuel wood
(million m3)
25
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25.7
26.0
26.0
* Just receivable environmental
service value but not total environmental value
TABLE 2
ORIENTATIONS FOR PLANNING ON FOREST AND FORESTLAND AREAS
(MILLION HA)
Types
of forests and land
Present
situation in 2005*
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2010
2020
Total forestland area
19.02
16.24
16,24
- Land with forests
12.61
14.07
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- Unused land
6.41
- Reforested land after
exploitation
0.30
-
- Bare land within forests
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0.05
0.05
- Rehabilitated forest and
combined agro-forestry land
1.82
0.62
1. Protection forests
9.47
5.68
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- Land with forests
6.19
5.67
5.67
- Unused land
3.38
- Bare land within forests
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0.01
0.01
2. Special-use forests
2.32
2.16
2.16
- Land with forests
1.92
2.12
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- Unused land
0.40
- Bare land within forests
0.04
0.04
3. Production forests
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8.40
8.40
- Land with forests
4.48
6.28
7.78
+ Natural forests
3.10
3.63
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+ Plantation forests
1.38
2.65
4.15
- Unused land
2.62
-
-
- Reforested land after
exploitation
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0.30
0
- Rehabilitated forest and
combined agro-forestry land
1.82
0.62
Percentage of land with
forests
37%
42.6%
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* Actual total forest area and
unused land area in the whole country by December 31, 2005, announced in
Decision No. 1970/QD/BNN-KL-LN of July 6, 2006, of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development
TABLE 3
PROJECTED SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY IN THE
2006 2010 PERIOD
Programs
Tasks
Targets
for 2020
Implementation
in 2006 - 2010
Percentage
% (5)=(4)/(3)
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1
2
3
4
5
6
Sustainable forest management
and protection
1. Classification, planning,
identification of permanent forestry estates on map and field
16,24 million ha
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100%
2. Allocation and lease of
land
100%
100%
100%
3. Tending
803,000 ha
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100%
- Transitional tending
403,000 ha
403,000 ha
100%
- New tending
400,000 ha
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100%
4. Afforestation, including
consolidated production (Orietnation target)
2,25 million ha
750 ,000 ha
33.3%
5. Planting of protection and
special-use forests
250,000 ha
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100%
6. Forest rnrichment
500,000 ha
100%
7. Dispersed plantation
3 billion trees
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33.3%
8. Creation of a data system
and a monitoring system for managing 14 million ha of forests
1 system
1 system
100%
9. Creation of a database and
making of forest management plans for production units
100 %
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100%
10. Enhancement of management
capacity for forest owners, development of standards and issue of
certificates
100% of production forest area
- Enhancement of management
capacity for forest owners
- Development of standards and
issue of certificates
30%
11. Forest tree seed program
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60% and 40%
75% and 80%
12. Domestic production of big
timber
10 million m3
3.7 million m3
37%
Support for forest tending and
enrichment
13. Production of small timber
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6 million m3
60%
- ditto-
14. Production value of
non-timber forest products for domestic consumption
0.8 USD
50%
Protection and conservation of
biodiversity
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5.68 million ha
5.68 million ha
100%
2. Establishment of the system
of special-use forests
2.16 million
2.16 million
100%
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1.5 million ha
1.5 million ha
100%
4. Bulding of forest
protection systems in communes and villages with forests
100%
100%
100%
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100%
100%
100%
6. Elaboration and
implementation of forest protection and development plans
100%
100%
100%
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100%
30%
30%
8. Valuation of environmental
services and payment mechanism
2010
2010
100%
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2007
2007
100%
10. Number of violations of
the forest protection and development law
Down by 80 %
Down by 40 %
50%
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1. Reorganization of timber and
non- timber forest product processing industry
2015 (100%)
70%
70%
2. Imported timber
3.5 million m3
5.0 million m3
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3. Production of sawn timber
6 million m3
4.0 million m3
66.6%
4. Particle board products/year
320,000 m3
68,000 m3
21.5%
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5. MDF board products/year
220,000 m3
170,000 m3
77.3%
6. Value of exported timber
products/year
7 billion USD
3.4 billion USD
48.57%
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7. Value of exported
non-timber forest products/year
0.8 billion USD
0.5 billion USD
62.5%
8. Creation of jobs
1.5 million laborers
0.5 million laborers
33.3%
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9. Percentage of income from non-timber
forest products in household economy
15 - 20%
10%
50 - 60%
10. Production of pulp
2 million tons*
0.85 million tons
42.5%
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Forestry research, education,
training and extension
1. Forestry research investment
2% forestry GDP
2% forestry GDP
100%
2. Seed research
60% area planted with grafted
tissues
40%
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3. Improvement of technologies
of processing timber and refining non-timber forest products
70% enterprises and trade
villages using new technologies
40%
57.2%
4. Research and formulation of
breakthrough policies
Finalization of policies
Piloting and wide application
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5. Formal training
5,000 students/year
5,000 students/year
100%
In forestry schools
6. Vocational training
50% farmers engaged in
silviculture and trade villages
25%
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7. Training of managers
80% total managers
30%
37.5%
8. Building of links between forestry
research, training and extension systems
Network completion
Implementation
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9. Building of schools up to
international standards
1 to 2 schools
Implementation
10%
10. Forestry extension
80% farmer households trained
30%
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11. Participation in forestry
extension activities
50% of private entities and
social organizations
20%
40%
12. Grassroots forestry
extension system
100% communes with many
forests having forestry extension officers
100%
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13. Setting up of village or
commune voluntary forestry extension organizations
100% communes with forests
30%
30%
14. Compilation of forestry
extension program and documents
Finalization and update
Compilation
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15. Building of links between
forestry extension, training, forest owners and enterprises
Network completion
Building and implementation
50%
Renewal of organization,
policies, planning and monitoring
1. Formulation and updating of
the system of forestry policies, laws and institutions
Update and finalization
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50%
2. Formulation of a mechanism
to promote private entities, communities and households to participate in
forestry activities
Finalization
Formulation and implementation
50%
3. Reorganziation and raising
of effectiveness of the system of state management organizations in charge of
forestry
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100%
4. Reorganization of state forestry
companies in key forestry areas
100% forestry companies
100%
100%
5. Formulation of
community-based forest management models
4 million ha community forests
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62.5%
6. Establishment of forestry extension
organizations at all levels
Completion
Completion
100%
7. Establishment of monitoring
and evaluation units associated with strengthening of the planning system
Completion
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50%
TABLE 4
LIST OF PRIORITY SCHEMES/PROJECTS IN THE 2007 - 2010 PERIOD
Ordinal
number
Names
of priority schemes/projects
A
Development program
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Establishment of permanent
national forest estates
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agencies:
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, provincial-level Peoples
Committees
2
Perfection of the system of the
system of survey, assessment and monitoring developments in natural forest
resources in service of sustainable forest management
- Responsible agencies:
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, provincial-level Peoples
Committees
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Accelerated allocation and
lease of forests and forestland to all economic sectors
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agencies: Ministry
of Natural Resources and Environment, provincial-level Peoples Committees
4
Piloting of sustainable forest
management models for forest owners
- Responsible agencies: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development, provincial-level Peoples Committees
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Piloting and development of
community-based forest management
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agencies:
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, provincial-level Peoples
Committees
6
Sustainable development and
management of plantation forest zones supplying materials for the forest
product processing industry
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
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- Coordinating agencies:
Ministry of Industry, provincial-level Peoples Committees
7
Development of dispersed
planations and combined agro-forestry
- Responsible agencies:
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, provincial-level Peoples
Committees
8
Conservation and development
of non-timber forest products
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
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- Coordinating agencies:
Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, provincial-level
Peoples Committees
9
Promotion of management and
supply of quality seeds in forestry
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agencies:
Ministry of Science and Technology, provincial-level Peoples Committees
10
Enhancement of capacity of
forest protection, forest fire prevention and fight, biodiversity
conservation and law inforcement in the forestry sector
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- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agencies:
Ministry of Public Security, provincial-level Peoples Committees
11
Piloting of the mechanism of payment
for forest environmental services for reinvesment in forest protection and
development
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agencies: Ministry
of Finance, provincial-level Peoples Committees
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Increased investment,
application of material-saving and environment-friendly technologies in the
processing of forest products
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agencies:
Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Science and Technology, provincial-level
Peoples Committees
13
Development of handcraft
villages and small- and medium-sized forest product processing enterprises
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
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- Coordinating agencies:
Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Trade
14
Development of forest product
trading support services (market information, market research, trading promotion,
technology transfer, issue of ISO certificates, development and
popularization of enterprise trademarks, etc.)
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agencies:
Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Science and Technology, provincial-level
Peoples Committees
B
Support program
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Acceleration of application of
biotechnology in forestry
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agency:
Ministry of Science and Technology
16
Enhancement of capacity for
forestry training schools
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
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- Coordinating agency: Ministry
of Education and Training
17
Enhancement of capacity for
the system of state and voluntary forestry extension organizations
- Responsible agencies:
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, provincial-level Peoples
Committees
18
Acceleration of renewal of
state-owned forestry farms
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
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- Coordinating agencies:
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, provincial-level Peoples
Committees
19
Development and piloting
financial mechanisms to support forest protection and development work
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agencies: Ministry
of Finance, provincial-level Peoples Committees
20
Enhancement of capacity of
planning, coordination and monitoring fo programs and projects and
international commitments on forestry
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- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agency:
Ministry of Planning and Investment
21
Building and strengthening of
the system of forestry sector management information
- Responsible agency: Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Coordinating agencies:
Ministry of Planning and Investment and General Statistics Office
...
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TABLE 5
AGGREGATE FUNDING NEEDS FOR THE 2006 - 2020 PERIOD (VND
BILLION)
Ordinal
number
Items
2006
- 2010
2011
- 2020
Total
%
A
...
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31,946.17
68,413.63
100,359.80
94.0
1
Program on sustainable
management and development
16,214.55
28,220.80
44,435.35
...
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2
Program on forest protection, biodiversity
conservation and environmental services
3,871.00
10,262.60
14,133.60
14.1
3
Program on timber processing
and forest product trade
10,428.07
...
...
...
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37,090.57
37.0
4
Program on forestry research, education,
training and extension
546.98
848.82
1,395.80
1.3
5
...
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885.57
2,418.91
3,304.48
3.3
B
Regular expenditures
1,939.17
4,460.09
6,399.26
...
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Total funding needs
33,85.34
72,873.72
106,759.06
100.0
Additional explanations on Table
5 are as follows:
Funding needs include investment
needs and regular expenditure needs.
Regular expenditure needs are computed
based on the data on this funding source mobilized in the five years 2001 -
2005; the GDP growth rate projected for the 2006 2010 period (an annual average
rate of about 7,2%) and the growth rate of production value of the forestry
sector, which is projected at 4 - 5%/year. Investment needs are computed on the
basis of:
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- Adjusted unit prices proposed
by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development to the Prime Minister for
the Five Million Hectares Afforestation Program and other relevant norms;
- Forestry roads in the 2006
2010 period;
The capability of provision of
funds for the implementation of the Strategy in the 2006 2010 period is
calculated on the basis of:
- Funds mobilized in five years
2001 - 2005 and projected growth rate of 30% over the past five years;
- The budgetary fund is
considered sufficient to meet the funding needs;
- For the Program on timber
processing and forest product trade, the funding source is considered
sufficient to meet the funding needs on the basis of the evaluation of the
situation of current timber processing activities and the growth rate of this
production sub-sector;
- ODA capital will be taken from
the projects already committed by now for the 2006-2010 period;
- The allocation of funding
sources is based on activities and characteristics of each program combined
with analyses of financial experts;
- Difference between demand and
supply is the amount to be additionally mobilized for the implementation of the
forestry strategy.
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TABLE 6
AGGREGATE FUNDING NEEDS FOR THE FORESTRY SECTOR IN THE 2006
2010 PERIOD
Ordinal
number
Items
Division
by year (VND billion)
Total
(VND billion)
USD
(million)
%
2006
...
...
...
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2008
2009
2010
A
Investment
5,720.84
6,317.42
6,515.48
6,620.02
...
...
...
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31,946.17
1,996.64
94.3
1
Program on sustainable
management and development
2,580.00
3,140.55
3,383.20
3,485.40
...
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16,214.55
1,013.41
50.8
2
Program on forest protection,
biodiversity conservation and environmental services
788.00
816.00
761.00
753.00
...
...
...
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3,871.00
241.94
12.1
3
Program on timber processing
and forest product trade
2,085.61
2,085.61
2,085.61
2,085.61
...
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10,428.07
671.75
32.6
4
Program on forestry research,
education, training and extension
90.50
99.05
108.46
118.80
...
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546.98
34.19
1.7
5
Program on renewal of institutions,
policies, planning and monitoring of the forestry sector
176.73
177.21
177.21
177.21
...
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885.57
55.35
2.8
B
Regular expenditures
354.17
370.00
380.00
390.00
...
...
...
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1,939.17
121.20
5.7
Total funding need
6,075.01
6,688.42
6,895.48
7,010.02
...
...
...
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33,885.34
2,117.83
100
TABLE 7
STRUCTURE OF FUNDING NEEDS IN THE 2006 - 2010 PERIOD BY
FUNDING SOURCE AND PROGRAM
Ordinal
number
Programs
Funding
sources (VND billion)
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...
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State
investment credit
ODA
Investment
of State enterprises, cooperatives
Investment
of households, private entities
FDI
Other
funding sources
Total
1
Program on sustainable management
and development
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2,995.52
2,494.52
1,372.90
2,030.01
2,940.82
114.78
16,214.55
% of total fund of the program
...
...
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18.47
15.38
8.47
12.52
18.14
0.71
100.00
% of total fund of each type
...
...
...
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60.07
59.88
37.89
60.39
37.59
100.00
50.76
2
Program on forest protection,
biodiversity conservation and environmental services
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690.00
117.67
117.67
3,871.00
% of total fund of the program
...
...
...
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17.82
3.04
3.04
100
% of total fund of each type
...
...
...
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16.56
3.25
3.01
12.12
3
Program on timber processing
and forest product trade
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...
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1,990.80
11.27
2,122.00
1,422.00
4,882.00
10,428.07
% of total fund of the program
...
...
...
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19.09
0.11
20.35
13.64
46.82
100
% of total fund of each type
...
...
...
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39.93
0.27
58.57
36.33
62.41
32.64
4
Program on forestry research, education,
training and extension
...
...
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206.64
10.68
10.68
546.98
% of total fund of the program
...
...
...
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37.78
1.95
1.95
100
% of total fund of each type
...
...
...
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4.96
0.29
0.27
1.71
5
Program on renewal of
institutions, policies, planning and monitoring of the forestry sector
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...
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766.85
885.57
% of total fund of the program
...
...
...
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86.13
100.00
% of total fund of each type
...
...
...
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18.32
2.77
Total
...
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4,986.32
4,169.28
3,623.25
3,580.36
7,822.82
114.78
31,946.17
%
...
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15.6
13.1
11.3
11.2
24.5
0.4
100.0