THE SUPREME
PEOPLES COURT
THE SUPREME PEOPLES PROCURACY
THE MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM
THE MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No.
02/2008/TTLT-TANDTC-VKSNDTC-BVHTT&DL-BKH&CN-BTP
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Hanoi, April 3,
2008
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JOINT CIRCULAR
GUIDING THE APPLICATION OF A NUMBER OF LEGAL PROVISIONS TO
THE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES OVER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AT PEOPLES COURTS
In order to properly and uniformly
apply legal provisions to the settlement of disputes over intellectual property
rights at peoples courts, the Supreme Peoples Court, the Supreme Peoples
Procuracy, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the Ministry of Science
and Environment and the Ministry of Justice jointly provide the following
guidance:
A. GENERAL MATTERS
I. DISPUTES
OVER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS WHICH FALL UNDER THE HANDLING COMPETENCE OF
PEOPLES COURTS (SPECIFIED IN CLAUSE 4, ARTICLE 25 AND CLAUSE 2, ARTICLE 29 OF
THE CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE)
1. Disputes
over copyright
a/ Disputes among individuals
over copyright to literature, artistic or scientific works or derivative works;
b/ Disputes among co-authors
over division of the co-authorship right;
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d/ Disputes between copyright
owners and authors over royalties or remunerations for authors who have created
works under task assignments or contracts;
e/ Disputes over the exercise of
moral rights or economic rights of authors or copyright owners;
f/ Disputes over copyright to
computer programs or data compilations between entities that provide finance
and physical conditions decisive to the development of computer programs or
data compilations and designers and developers of these computer programs or
data compilations;
g/ Disputers over copyright to
cinematographic or dramatic works between entities that invest finance and
material-technical facilities in the production of these works and persons who
participate in the creation of these works and producers of these works, or
disputes between them over royalties, remunerations and other material
benefits;
h/ Disputes between copyright
owners and users of published works that are not required to ask for authority
or pay royalties or remunerations for the reason that such use affects the
normal utilization of these works or causes harms to rights of work authors or
copyright owners;
i/ Disputes between copyright
owners and users of published works that are not required to ask for authority
but are obliged to pay royalties or remunerations for the reason that the users
fail to pay royalties or remunerations or affect the normal utilization of
these works or cause harms to rights of work authors or copyright owners;
j/ Disputes over contracts on
copyright assignment or licensing, or disputes over contracts on copyright
service;
k/ Disputes arising from acts of
infringing upon copyright;
l/ Disputes over succession or
inheritance of economic rights as specified in Article 20 and moral rights as
specified in Clause 3, Article 19 of the Intellectual Property Law.
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2. Disputes
over related rights
a/ Disputes between investors
and performers over moral rights and economic rights to performances; disputes
between performers and users of economic rights to performances over
remunerations;
b/ Disputes between producers of
phonograms or video recordings and entities exercising rights of producers of phonograms
or video recordings over material benefits from public distribution of these
phonograms or video recordings;
c/ Disputes between broadcasting
organizations and users of rights of broadcasting organizations over material
benefits from audio or video recording or public distribution of these
organizations broadcasts;
d/ Disputes between performers,
producers of phonograms or video recordings or broadcasting organizations and
entities exercising related rights that are not required to ask for authority
or pay royalties or remunerations for the reason that the use of these
performances, phonograms, video recordings or broadcasts affects their normal
utilization and cause harms to rights of performers, producers of phonograms or
video recordings or broadcasting organizations:
e/ Disputes between authors,
copyright owners, performers, producers of phonograms or video recordings or
broadcasting organizations and users of related rights that are not required to
ask for authority but are obliged to pay royalties or remunerations for the
reason that users are not required to pay royalties or remunerations or the use
affects the normal utilization of performances, phonograms, video recordings,
broadcasts and causes harms to rights of performers, producers of phonograms or
video recordings or broadcasting organizations;
f/ Disputes over related rights
to performances, phonograms, video recordings or broadcasts (who are owners of
these performances, phonograms, video recordings or broadcasts);
g/ Disputes arising from acts of
infringing upon related rights;
h/ Disputes over succession or
inheritance of related rights;
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3. Disputes
over industrial property rights
a/ Disputes over the right to register
inventions, industrial designs, layout designs, marks or geographical
indications;
b/ Disputes over the priority
right to applications for registration of inventions, industrial designs or
marks;
c/ Disputes over author rights
to inventions, industrial designs or layout designs;
d/ Disputes over moral rights or
economic rights of authors of inventions, industrial designs or layout designs;
e/ Disputes over temporary
rights to inventions, industrial designs or layout designs between entities
having the right to file applications for registration of inventions,
industrial designs or layout designs and entities currently using these
industrial property objects, or disputes over compensations between holders of
protection titles and users of inventions, industrial designs or layout
designs:
f/ Disputes over the right to
prior use of inventions or industrial designs between owners of these
inventions or industrial designs and prior users of these inventions or
industrial designs related to the transfer of such right to other entities,
expansion of the use scope or volume without authority of owners of these
industrial property objects;
g/ Disputes over compensations
between holders of protection titles of inventions, industrial designs or
layout designs and users of these inventions, industrial designs or layout
designs during the period from the date of publication of protection title
applications on the Industrial Property Official Gazette to the date of grant
of protection titles;
h/ Disputes over rights of
owners of industrial property objects (including disputes over right portions
of co-owners);
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j/ Disputes arising from
infringements of rights of authors of inventions, industrial designs or layout
designs;
k/ Disputes over remunerations
paid to authors of inventions, industrial designs or layout designs;
l/ Disputes over contracts on
assignment of industrial property rights or contracts on licensing of
industrial property objects; or disputes over contracts on industrial property
representation services:
m/ Disputes over succession or
inheritance of industrial property rights, economic rights of authors of
inventions, industrial designs or layout designs;
n/ Disputes arising from acts of
unfair competition;
o/ Other disputes over
industrial property rights as specified by law.
II. RIGHT TO
INSTITUTE CIVIL LAWSUITS ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
1. Right
to institute civil lawsuits over copyright or related rights
a/ Individuals and organizations
defined in Article 14 of the Governments Decree No. 100/2006/ND-CP of September
21, 2006, detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of
the Civil Code and the Intellectual Property Law on copyright and related
rights (below referred to as Decree No. 100/2006/ND-CP for short) may institute
civil lawsuits over copyright or related rights at competent peoples courts for
protection of their rights and lawful interests.
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2. Right
to institute civil lawsuits over industrial property rights belongs to:
a/ Individuals and organizations
involved in disputes over the right to register inventions, industrial designs,
layout designs, marks or geographical indications;
b/ Authors or co-authors of
inventions, industrial designs, layout designs;
c/ Holders of protection titles
of inventions, industrial designs, layout designs;
d/ Holders of certificates of
registered or internationally registered marks, which are accepted for protection
in Vietnam, owners of well known marks;
e/ Holders of industrial
property rights to business secrets or trade names;
f/ Individuals and organizations
having the lawful right to use geographical indications, organizations or
collectives representing individuals and organizations empowered to use
geographical indications;
g/ Organizations and individuals
possessing industrial property objects involved in acts of unfair competition
in the domain of industrial property;
h/ Lawful heirs of authors of
inventions, industrial designs or layout designs; or lawful heirs or heirs of
industrial property rights of owners of industrial property objects;
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jl Individuals and organizations
that are lawfully licensed to use industrial property objects;
k/ Individuals and organizations
that are licensed to use industrial property objects under decisions of
competent state agencies:
l/ Other rights holders as defined
by law.
III.
CONDITIONS ON INSTITUTION OF CIVIL LAWSUITS OVER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
1.
Conditions on institution of a civil lawsuit over copyright or related rights
a/ The copyright and related
rights have been established under Clauses 1 and 2, Article 6 of the
Intellectual Property Law.
The author, copyright holder or
related rights holder may file an application for a registration certificate of
copyright or related rights under Article 49 of the Intellectual Property Law.
However, this is not a compulsory procedure for enjoyment of copyright or
related rights.
If parties involved in a dispute
over copyright or related rights institute a lawsuit to request a court to
protect their lawful rights and interests, the court shall consider the case
regardless of whether or not they have registration certificates of copyright
or related rights or whether or not they have filed applications for
registration of copyright or related rights.
b/ The duration of protection of
copyright or related rights has not expired under the law on intellectual
property.
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The duration of protection of
copyright or related rights is specified in Clauses 2 and 3, Article 739 of the
2005 Civil Code, Articles 27 and 34 of the Intellectual Property Law and
Article 26 of Decree No. 100/2006/ND-CP.
Upon the expiration of the
duration of protection of copyright or related rights under the above
provisions (except for moral rights specified in Clauses 1, 2 and 4, Article 19
of the Intellectual Property Law), rights of the author, copyright holder and
related rights holder will no longer be protected by the State and the law.
Unless the law specifies no protection duration for copyright, the court shall
accept lawsuit petitions for handling only in case these rights are still in
the protection duration.
2.
Conditions on institution of a civil lawsuit over industrial property rights
2.1. Industrial property rights
have been established on the grounds specified in Clause 3, Article 6 of the
Intellectual Property Law and -Article of the Governments Decree No.
103/2006/ND-CP of September 22, 2006, detailing and guiding the implementation
of a number of articles of the Intellectual Property Law on industrial property
(below referred to as Decree No. 103/2006/ND-CP for short).
It is necessary to clearly
identify industrial property object(s) (invention, industrial design, layout
design or mark) being the subject matter of the dispute in order to determine
the grounds for the establishment of industrial property rights to such
object(s) because grounds for the establishment of industrial property rights
to an industrial property object are not the same in any circumstances and the
registration procedure is required in some cases but not in other cases. For
example, industrial property rights to a mark are established under a decision
of the National Office of Intellectual Property (the Ministry of Science and
Technology) on the grant of a protection title under the registration procedure
specified in the Intellectual Property Law and other relevant legal documents,
or on the recognition of an international registration under a treaty to which
the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a contracting party. Particularly,
industrial property rights to a well known mark can be established on the basis
of the wide and practical use of that mark and the criteria specified in
Article 75 of the Intellectual Property Law without having to pass the
registration procedure.
For a dispute over industrial
property rights to an industrial property object and it is necessary to
ascertain whether or not these industrial property rights have been lawfully
established, the following grounds must be based on:
a/ The protection title granted
by the National Office of Intellectual Property (the Ministry of Science and
Technology) to the party filing the registration application for an invention,
layout design, industrial design, mark (other than well known marks) or
geographical indication. For internationally registered marks under the Madrid
Agreement and the Madrid Protocol, decisions of state management agencies on
recognition of these marks must be based on.
b/ Protection conditions for
industrial property objects being well known marks, trade names, business
secrets or the right to suppression of unfair competition specified in Sections
4, 5 and 7, Chapter VII of the Intellectual Property Law.
2.2. The duration of protection
of industrial property rights has not expired under the law on intellectual
property.
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For example: The scope of
protection of an invention should be determined based on the invention patent
granted by the National Office of Intellectual Property (the Ministry of
Science and Technology).
b/ For industrial property
rights established for trade names and business secrets, the scope of rights
shall be determined under Clauses 2 and 3, Article 16 of Decree No.
103/2006/ND-CP.
c/ The duration of protection of
industrial property rights shall be determined according to the validity
duration of protection titles specified in Article 93 of the Intellectual Property
Law. In case of expiration of the validity duration or invalidation of a
protection title for an industrial property object, industrial property rights
to this object also terminate.
If the protection duration
expires or an industrial property rights protection title expires or is
invalidated, rights of the industrial property rights holder will no longer be
protected by the State and the law. Courts shall therefore accept lawsuit
petitions for handling only if the infringement is committed when the
protection title is still valid or the industrial property object is still in
the protection duration.
IV.
APPLICATION OF LAW
1.
Application of domestic legal documents
1.1. In case of inconsistency
between the Intellectual Property Laws provisions on intellectual property and
relevant provisions of other laws, the Intellectual Property Laws provisions
prevail.
Before deciding on the
application of the Intellectual Property Laws provisions or other legal
documents, it is necessary to review separately legal documents containing
provisions on intellectual property (including the 2005 Civil Code), and
compare the intellectual property provisions of these legal documents with
relevant provisions of the Intellectual Property Law in order to identify
inconsistencies between them.
Example 1: Clause 3, Article 738
of the 2005 Civil Code specifies economic rights under copyright, including:
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b/ Authorized making of
derivative works;
c/ Distribution or import of original
works and copies thereof;
d/ Communication of works to the
public;
e/ Lease of original computer
programs or copies thereof.
Clause 1, Article 20 of the
Intellectual Property Law provides for six economic rights. Compared to Clause
1, Article 20 of the Intellectual Property Law, Clause 3, Article 738 of the
2005 Civil Code provides differently for the right to display works to the
public or lease original cinematographic works or copies thereof. Therefore,
the provisions of Point b or f, Clause 1, Article 20 of the Intellectual
Property Law should be applied to the settlement of disputes over these rights.
Example 2: The Customs Law
stipulates the temporary postponement of customs procedures for imports or
exports requiring the protection of intellectual property rights in Articles
57, 58 and 59. Meanwhile, the Intellectual Property Law stipulates the control
of imports and exports related to intellectual property in Articles 216 thru
219. As a result, if the Intellectual Property Laws provisions on control of
imports and exports related to intellectual property are affirmed to be
different from relevant provisions of the Customs Law, the provisions of the
Intellectual Property Law prevail.
1.2. For civil matters related
to intellectual property which are not governed by the Intellectual Property
Law, the relevant provisions of the Civil Code will apply.
Upon application of law to the
settlement of disputes over intellectual property rights, the provisions of the
Intellectual Property Law and the 2005 Civil Code (Part Six on Intellectual
Property Rights and Technology Transfer, from Article 736 to Article 753) must
be based on to ascertain whether or not the subject matters of those disputes
are specified in the Intellectual Property Law or the 2005 Civil Code. If there
are grounds to affirm that these subject matters are not specified in the
Intellectual Property Law but are specified in the 2005 Civil Code, the
relevant provisions of the 2005 Civil Code will apply.
For example: Under Article 40 of
the Intellectual Property, organizations and individuals that inherit the
copyright according to the provisions of law on inheritance will be holders of
the rights specified in Article 20 and Clause 3, Article 19 of the Law. Because
the Intellectual Property does not specifically stipulate the inheritance of
copyright, the provisions of the 2005 Civil Codes Part Four on Inheritance must
be applied to the settlement of disputes over copyright inheritance.
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If a treaty to which the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam is a contracting party contains provisions different from
those of the Intellectual Property Law, provisions of that treaty prevail.
2.1. A treaty to which the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam has signed or acceded means a written agreement
concluded or acceded to in the name of the State or the Government of the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam with one or more than one nation, international
organization or other entities of international law, irrespective of its title:
treaty, convention, agreement, pact, accord, protocol, memorandum of
understanding, diplomatic note or a document otherwise titled (Clause 1,
Article 2 of the Law on Conclusion, Accession and Implementation of Treaties).
2.2. Treaties include:
a/ Multilateral treaties
For example:
- The 1971 Berne Convention for
the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.
- The 1883 Paris Convention for
the Protection of Industrial Property (revised in 1979).
- The 1891 Madrid Agreement
Concerning the International Registration of Marks and the Madrid Protocol
Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of
Marks.
b/ Bilateral treaties
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- The 2001 Vietnam-US Bilateral
Trade Agreement.
- The 2000 Vietnam-Switzerland
Agreement for the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights.
c/ Multilateral or bilateral
treaties might be those established exclusively for the protection of
intellectual property or those concerning different domains, including
protection of intellectual property.
For example:
- The 1971 Berne Convention is a
multilateral treaty established exclusively for the protection of literary and
artistic works.
- The Vietnam-US Bilateral Trade
Agreement is a treaty concerning different domains, including provisions on
intellectual property protection (Chapter I: Trade in Goods, Chapter II:
Intellectual Property Rights, and Chapter III: Trade in Services).
2.3. Conditions on application
of treaties
a/ Treaties on intellectual
property to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a contracting party are
in force when acts or events being subject matters of disputes occur.
b/ Provisions of these treaties
on intellectual property are different from those of Vietnams legal documents
on the same matter.
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c/ In case a Vietnamese legal
document contains provisions similar to those of a treaty on the same matter,
Vietnamese legal provisions will apply.
d/ In case an intellectual
property-related matter is not governed by Vietnamese law, relevant provisions
of a treaty concerning this matter will apply.
e/ In case of a dispute over
intellectual property rights involving individuals or organizations of a
foreign country which, together with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is a
contracting party of treaties, the treaty with the latest date of entry into
force will apply, unless otherwise jointly provided for or agreed by this
country and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
For example:
Clause 3, Article 1, Chapter II
(Intellectual Property Rights) of the Vietnam-US Trade Agreement stipulates:
:To provide adequate and
effective protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights, each
Party shall, at a minimum, give effect to this Chapter and the substantive
economic provisions of:
A. the Geneva Convention for the
Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of their
Phonograms, 1971;
B. the Berne Convention for the
Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, 1971;
C. the Paris Convention for the
Protection of Industrial Property, 1967;
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E. the Convention Relating to
the Distribution of Program-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite (1974).
Therefore, relevant provisions
of both the Vietnam-US Trade Agreement and the Berne Convention must be applied
to settling copyright disputes involving US individuals and organizations.
V.
Application of transitional provisions to settling disputes over intellectual
property rights
1.
Application of the law on intellectual property to settling disputes over
copyright and related rights
Copyright and related rights
protected under legal documents, which took effect before the effective date of
the Intellectual Property Law (July 1, 2006), will continue to be protected if
their protection duration was still valid by this date. Courts shall therefore
apply the provisions of the Intellectual Property Law when settling disputes
over these rights.
2.
Application of the law on intellectual property to settling disputes over
industrial property rights
For industrial property rights
established under protection titles granted under legal provisions in force
before the effective date of the Intellectual Property Law (July 1, 2006), and
if procedures for maintenance, extension, modification, licensing, ownership
assignment or settlement of disputes over those protection titles are compliant
with the provisions of the Intellectual Property Law, except for those on
grounds for invalidation of protection titles, only provisions of legal
documents in force by the time of grant of those protection titles will apply.
Courts shall therefore apply the
provisions of the Intellectual Property Law when settling disputes over the
above industrial property rights, except for disputes related to the
determination of validity of protection titles, to which provisions concerning
grounds for invalidation of protection titles of legal documents in force by
the time of grant of those protection titles will apply.
VI.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSESSMENT
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B. SOME PROVISIONS OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
I.
REGARDING CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATIONS FOR DAMAGE (ARTICLES 204 AND 205 OF THE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW)
1.
Compensable damage caused by infringements of intellectual property rights
includes material damage and spiritual damage.
1.1. Material damage includes:
a/ Property loss;
b/ Decreases in income and
profit;
c/ Loss of business
opportunities;
d/ Reasonable expenses for
prevention and remedy of damage.
1.2. Spiritual damage includes:
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1.3. Material and spiritual
damage is actual physical and spiritual losses directly caused by infringements
to intellectual property rights holders and determined on the bases specified
in Clause 2, Article 16 of Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP. When the provisions of
Clause 2, Article 16 of Decree No. 105/ND-CP are applied, attention must be
paid to the following points:
An actual loss is regarded as
having occurred when all of the following bases exist:
a/ Physical or spiritual benefit
is real and belongs to the aggrieved persons.
Physical or spiritual benefit is
the outcome (product) of intellectual property rights and the aggrieved person
is entitled to that physical or spiritual benefit.
b/ The aggrieved person could
achieve that physical or spiritual benefit.
The aggrieved person could
achieve (collect) that physical or spiritual benefit under certain conditions,
provided no infringement is committed.
c/There is a decrease in or loss
of the benefit of the aggrieved person after the intellectual property right
infringement is committed as compared to the possibility of achieving that
benefit when such infringement does not happen and it constitutes the direct
cause of such decrease in or loss of that benefit, specifically as follows:
Before an intellectual property
right infringement happens, the aggrieved person has already achieved the
physical or spiritual benefit. Upon the commission of the infringement, the
aggrieved person suffers from a decrease in or loss of the previously achieved
benefit, and there exists a causal relation between the infringement and the
benefit decrease or loss. The benefit decrease or loss is the inevitable
consequence of the infringement and vice versa the infringement is the direct
cause of the benefit decrease or loss.
1.4. Losses of property are
determined under Article 17 of Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP
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For example: In case of a claim
for compensation for a loss of property caused by a mark infringement, it is
necessary to clearly state the value of the mark at the time of infringement
and bases for determination of the mark value.
1.5. Decrease in incomes or
profits is determined under Article 18 of Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP.
In order to determine decrease
in incomes or profits of aggrieved persons, it is necessary to determine
whether or not they earn incomes or profits before infringements are committed.
a/ Incomes or profits include:
a.1/ Incomes or profits earned
by aggrieved persons from the direct use and exploitation of intellectual
property objects.
For example: The owner of an
invention manufactures patented products in accordance with Point a, Clause 1,
Article 124 of the Intellectual Property Law and sell them for profits.
a.2/ Incomes or profits earned
by aggrieved persons from the lease of infringed intellectual property objects
(original cinematographic works or computer programs or copies thereof).
For example: The holder of
copyright to a cinematographic work or a computer program exercises the
economic right provided for at Point f, Clause 1, Article 20 of the
Intellectual Property Law by leasing the original cinematographic work or
computer program or copies thereof and receiving rents or other physical
benefits from organizations and individuals renting that cinematographic work
or computer program.
a.3/ Incomes or profits earned
by aggrieved persons from the licensing of intellectual property objects.
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b/ Based on determined incomes
or profits of aggrieved persons, it is necessary to determine the level of
decrease in their incomes or profits on one of the bases specified in Clause 2,
Article 18 of Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP.
For example: If incomes or
profits are earned from the direct use or exploitation of intellectual property
rights, levels of actual incomes or profits earned before and after infringing
acts are committed must be compared in order to clearly identify the level of
income or profit decrease. If an aggrieved persons income or profit amount
earned after an infringement is committed is smaller than his/her income or
profit amount earned before the infringement is committed, the difference
between these amounts is the aggrieved persons actual income or profit
decrease.
Upon determination of incomes or
profits of aggrieved persons, it is necessary to clearly identify objective
factors which affect the increase or decrease of incomes or profits of
aggrieved persons but are not related to the infringements of intellectual
property rights in order to ensure the correct determination of the aggrieved
persons actual income or profit decreases.
Any case in which an
infringement of intellectual property rights is actually committed and the
determination of damage shows that the aggrieved partys income or profit
amounts earned after the infringement is committed do not decrease compared to
those earned before the infringement but are still smaller than those they
should actually have earned in the absence of the infringement would also be
considered a case of income or profit decrease.
For example: In 2004. Company A
invested in a new technological line to manufacture building steel bearing the
mark TN which is sold well on the construction market. Based on received
product orders. Company A could sell up to 200,000 tons of steel TN and earn a
turnover of VND 10 billion and a profit VND 2 billion (100%). Company B
illegally affixed the mark TN of Company A on its steel products and sold them
on the market, causing a loss of 20% of Company As market share. Consequently,
Company A could not sell 40,000 tons of steel and suffered a decrease of 20% in
both expected turnover and profit (VND 400 million). Though Company As profit
amount earned in 2006 saw no decrease compared to that earned in 2005, its
expected profit amount actually decreased by VND 40 million due to Company Bs
infringement. This decrease is therefore considered a loss of Company A.
1.6. Losses in business
opportunities are determined under Article 19 of Decree No. 105/ND-CP.
A business opportunity means a favorable
circumstance or an actual possibility of directly using or exploiting, leasing,
licensing or assigning intellectual property objects by intellectual property
rights holders to other parties for profit.
a/ Business opportunities
include:
a.1/ Actual possibility of
directly using or exploiting intellectual property objects in business. More
specifically, the direct use or exploitation of an intellectual property object
in business (on the market for profit) by a right holder may become possible and
realistic under certain conditions.
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a.3/ Actual possibility of
licensing or assigning intellectual property objects to other persons. More
specifically, a right holder receives an order after making negotiations and
reaching an agreement with a partner on principal terms of a contract. Such a
contract will be signed and performed if there is no infringement of a third
party.
a.4/ Other business
opportunities the loss of which is directly caused by an infringement.
Opportunities mentioned in this
case include opportunities of business entities to negotiate with partners, to
conduct business or enter into cooperation in investment, marketing,
advertisement or trade promotion through international exhibitions or displays,
etc., which are lost because their intellectual property objects are
appropriated by others.
b/ A loss in business
opportunities means loss of the in-cash value of the income that the aggrieved
person would have achieved in any of the cases referred to in Clause 1, Article
19 of Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP and the guidance at Point a of this Item 1.6,
if no infringement had been committed.
When considering claims for
compensations for loss in business opportunities, courts shall ask aggrieved
persons to clearly state and prove their lost business opportunities, which
case they fall into and their in-cash value for consideration and decision.
1.7. Reasonable expenses for
prevention and remedy of damage include expenses specified in Article 20 of
Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP.
1.8. Spiritual damage mentioned
in Item 1.2, Section 1 of this Part I is caused by infringements of moral
rights of authors of literary, artistic or scientific works; performers or
authors of inventions, industrial designs or layout designs; harms to authors
honor or dignity, or decrease in or loss of authors credit (prestige),
reputation or confidence due to misunderstanding, etc., and compensations
therefor must be paid.
2. Bases
for determination of compensations to be paid for damage caused by
infringements of intellectual property rights
2.1. If plaintiffs can prove
that infringements of intellectual property rights have caused material damage
to them, they may request courts to decide on levels of compensation on one of
the bases specified in Clause 1, Article 205 of the Intellectual Property Law
as chosen by them.
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Total turnovers of defendants
are calculated on the basis of all invoices and vouchers on the sale or use by
defendants of works infringing upon intellectual property rights of plaintiffs.
Courts shall determine profits
of defendants after subtracting all expenses from total turnovers of
defendants.
Profits earned by defendants
from their infringements of intellectual property rights can be accounted into
the total in-cash material damage of plaintiffs only if decreased profit
amounts of plaintiffs have not yet been accounted into the total material damage.
b/ The price of the licensing of
an intellectual property object specified at Point b, Clause 1, Article 205 of
the Intellectual Property Law is determined by one of the following methods:
b.1/ It is the payable amount in
case the right holder and the infringer have freely agreed and signed a
contract on licensing of that intellectual property object (reasonable
copyright fee and licensing fee). The infringement is the very act of using the
intellectual property object;
b.2/ It is the presumed licensing
price of the intellectual property object, which is determined by the method of
determining the sum of money which the right holder (the plaintiff) and the
licensee (the defendant) may have agreed upon by the time the infringement is
committed, if the parties voluntarily agree with each other on that sum of
money;
b.3/ It is based on licensing
prices of intellectual property objects applied in the relevant domain and
referred to in previous practices of licensing intellectual property objects
(for example, cases of licensing of intellectual property objects in the
relevant domain in which payments or security amounts have been made before the
infringement is committed, with licensing fee levels widely considered
reasonable or uniformly applied in Vietnam).
c/ The court shall apply the
compensation level specified at Point c, Clause 1, Article 205 of the
Intellectual Property Law (law-specified compensations for damage) only in case
it is impossible to determine the level of compensations for the material damage
of the plaintiff on the bases specified at Point a and b, Clause 1, Article 205
of the Intellectual Property Law.
c.1/ The plaintiff shall prove
that the determination of the level of compensation for the material damage in
this case is impossible or the market for lawful goods is not enough to
determine the plaintiffs damage based on the decrease in the sale turnover of
the infringed goods after the infringement is committed, and request the court
to apply the law-specified compensation level. However, if the defendant can
prove that the plaintiff is dishonest in proving the damage because the
compensation level to be paid under a claim made under provisions of Points a
and b, Clause 1, Article 205 of the Intellectual Property Law is lower than the
law-specified compensation level and that the plaintiff gives a pretext for
enjoying the law-specified compensation level, and the defendant can prove the
plaintiffs actual damage level, the court shall reject the plaintiffs claim and
may accept the defendants request to decide on the compensation level.
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Circumstance and motive of the
infringement (intentional, unintentional or compelled infringement,
infringement committed by a person due to his/her material or spiritual
dependence on another person, first-time infringement, recidivism, etc.);
Way of committing the
infringement (organized or unorganized infringement, infringement committed by
a person on his/her own or after being bribed, deceived or forced by another
person);
Geographical area, period of
time, volume and scale of the infringement (it is committed in a-district of a
province or many districts of different provinces, during a long or short
period of time, involves a large or small quantity of things, on a commercial
scale, etc.);
- Impacts and consequences of
the infringement (local or international impacts on the honor, dignity,
prestige or reputation of the right holder; material consequences caused to the
right holder).
c.3/ The court shall base itself
on each infringed intellectual property object to set compensation levels for
material damage within the limit specified at Point c.2, Item 2.1 of this
Section 2.
If a dispute involves more than
one infringed intellectual property object, the aggregate compensation amount for
all these objects must not exceed VND 500 million.
2.2. Courts shall decide on
compensations for spiritual damage when plaintiffs prove that infringements of
intellectual property rights have caused spiritual damage to them. If
plaintiffs cannot prove their spiritual damage, courts will not accept their
claims. Depending on each specific case and the level of spiritual damage of a
right holder, such as dishonor, harmed dignity, loss of prestige or reputation
and other spiritual damage caused by an infringement of intellectual property
rights to the right holder, the court shall decide on a compensation of between
VND 5 (five) million and VND 50 (fifty) million.
2.3. When the provisions of
Article 205 of the Intellectual Property Law and the guidance in Item 2.1,
Section 2 of this Joint Circular are applied, if a dispute involves several
infringed intellectual property objects, the compensation level shall be
determined for each object. If the court can determine a compensation level for
material damage under the provisions of Points a and b, Clause 1, Article 205
of the Intellectual Property Law for some objects but cannot do so for other
objects, it may simultaneously apply all the bases specified in Clause 1,
Article 205 of the Intellectual Property Law at the same time to determine an
overall compensation level.
2.4. Regarding the payment of
reasonable costs of hiring attorneys
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However, pursuant to Clause 3,
Article 205 of the Intellectual Property Law, intellectual property rights
holders may request courts to order organizations or individuals that have
committed infringements of intellectual property rights to pay reasonable costs
of hiring attorneys.
Reasonable costs of hiring
attorneys are actual expenses necessary for intellectual property cases and
depending on characteristics and complexity of these cases, skills and
qualifications of attorneys and time volume required for studying these cases.
Costs include remunerations paid for attorneys and expenses for their travel
and accommodation. Remunerations for attorneys are agreed upon between them and
their clients in legal service contracts and calculated on the bases and
methods for calculation of remunerations specified in Article 55 of the Law on
Lawyers.
II.
REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF PROVISIONAL URGENT MEASURES (ARTICLES 206, 207 AND
208 OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW)
1.
Regarding the right to request the application of provisional urgent measures
(Article 206 of the Intellectual Property Law).
1.1. Intellectual property
rights holders may request courts to apply provisional urgent measures upon or
after the institution of civil lawsuits over intellectual property rights.
a/ If they request the
application of provisional urgent measures specified in Articles 206 thru 210
of the Intellectual Property Law, courts shall apply the provisions of these
articles of the Intellectual Property Law.
b/ If they request the
application of provisional urgent measures not specified in the Intellectual
Property Law but specified in Chapter VIII of the Civil Code, courts shall
apply the provisions of that Chapter of the Civil Code. When intellectual
property rights holders request courts to apply one or several provisional
urgent measures specified in Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Code, courts
shall consider whether or not these requested provisional urgent measures are
related to intellectual property rights for appropriate application.
1.2. An intellectual property
rights holder may request a court to apply a provisional urgent measure in the
cases specified in Clause 1, Article 206 of the Intellectual Property Law,
specifically as follows:
a/ There exists a danger of
irreparable damage to that intellectual property rights holder. The damage is
the inevitable consequence of an infringement which is likely to happen and
once it is committed, its consequence is irreparable for the intellectual
property rights holder unless that provisional urgent measure is applied.
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- Disperse means to quickly
scatter goods suspected of infringing upon intellectual property rights or
evidence related to an infringement of intellectual property rights to many
places for hiding.
- Destroy means to deform or to
make goods suspected of infringing upon intellectual property rights or
evidence related to an infringement of intellectual property rights to
disappear without any traces.
1.3. When requesting a court to
apply a provisional urgent measure, an intellectual property rights holder
shall clearly identify the case as specified in Clause 1, Article 206 of the
Intellectual Property Law into which his/her request falls. If a written
request for the application of a provisional urgent measure is filed together
with a petition for the institution of a lawsuit, the petition must be made
under Article 164 of the Civil Procedure Code.
1.4. If the contents of a
petition for the institution of a lawsuit are sufficient for a court to determine
that the acceptance of the petition and the handling of the case fall under its
competence, though some other contents need to be amended or supplemented, that
court shall promptly accept and handle the written request for the application
of a provisional urgent measure under Clause 3, Article 117 of the Civil
Procedure Code and the guidance in Section 6 of Resolution No. 02/2005/NQ-HDTP
of April 27, 2005, of the Judges Council of the Supreme Peoples Court, guiding
the implementation of a number of provisions of the Civil Procedure Codes
Chapter VIII on provisional urgent measures. Requests for modification or
supplementation of petitions for institution of lawsuits and acceptance of
cases for handling must comply with Articles 169 and 171 of the Civil Procedure
Code.
Courts competent to issue
decisions on the application of provisional urgent measures are those competent
to accept petitions for institution of lawsuits and handle cases under Articles
33, 34, 35 and 36 of the Civil Procedure Code and the guidance in Section 1,
Part I of Resolution No. 01/2005/NQ-HDTP of March 31, 2005, of the Judges
Council of the Supreme Peoples Court, guiding the implementation of a number of
provisions of the Civil Procedure Codes Part I on general provisions.
1.5. Courts shall decide on the
application of provisional urgent measures at the request of intellectual
property rights holders before listening to parties subject to those measures.
2.
Regarding provisional urgent measures (Article 207 of the Intellectual Property
Law).
2.1. Courts shall apply
provisional urgent measures specified in Clause 1 of Article 207 of the
Intellectual Property Law and other measures specified in Article 102 of the
Civil Procedure Code when so requested by involved parties.
2.2. Involved parties may
request courts to apply concurrently provisional urgent measures specified in
Clause 1 of Article 207 of the Intellectual Property Law and those specified in
Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Code or to apply only provisional urgent
measures specified in Clause 1 of Article 207 of the Intellectual Property Law
or those specified in Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Code;
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Plaintiffs are obliged to make
advance payments for the seizure and preservation of goods, raw materials,
materials or means of production or trading of these goods.
Upon ruling on disputes at the
request of plaintiffs, courts shall compel defendants to refund these expenses
like those specified at Point a, Clause 1, Article 204 of the Intellectual
Property Law and the guidance in Item 1.6, Section 1, Part II of this Circular.
2.4. If goods suspected of
infringing upon intellectual property rights, raw materials, materials or means
of production or trading of these goods are on board sea-going ships or other
means of transport, provisional urgent measures shall be applied to these goods
but not to the means of transport. These goods and raw materials, materials or
means of production or trading thereof shall be unloaded and carried to places
of preservation.
3.
Regarding security measures (Article 208 of the Intellectual Property Law)
3.1. Depending on their requests
for application of provisional urgent measures, requesters shall supply to
courts evidence specified in Clause 2, Article 203 of the Intellectual Property
Law and Clause 1, Article 117 of the Civil Procedure Code to prove the
necessity to apply those provisional urgent measures.
3.2. Provision of security
Persons requesting courts to
apply provisional urgent measures, regardless of whether these measures are
specified in the Intellectual Property Law or the Civil Procedure Code, shall
provide corresponding security. Courts shall order these persons to provide the
following security.
a/ Security for the requested
application of provisional urgent measures specified in Clause 1, Article 207
of the Intellectual Property Law.
A requester of application of a
provisional urgent measure shall deposit a security in one of the forms
specified in Clause 2, Article 208 of the Intellectual Property Law,
specifically as follows:
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The court shall ask the
requester of application of a provisional urgent measure to clearly state the
quantity and type of goods subject to the provisional urgent measure, the
estimated value of such goods for determining the value of goods subject to the
provisional urgent measure which serves as a basis for fixing the security sum
of money.
The value of goods subject to
the provisional urgent measure is determined at the time the infringement of
intellectual property rights is committed and on the bases arranged in the
priority order specified in Clause 2, Article 28 of Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP.
If it is impossible to determine
the value of goods subject to the provisional urgent measures (after all
necessary methods such as value estimation, price appraisal and valuation are
applied), the court shall decide on the security sum of money of at least VND
20 million to be deposited. However, attention should be paid to the fact that
Point a, Clause 2, Article 208 of the Intellectual Property Law specifies only
the minimum level of the security sum of money for cases in which it is
impossible to determine the value of goods subject to the provisional urgent
measures. Therefore, if the court, through estimation and temporary calculation
and study of circumstances of a case, believes that possible actual damage can
exceed the specified minimum security of VND 20 million, it may rule on a security
sum of money of more than VND 20 million to be paid by the requester of
application of provisional urgent measures, depending on each case.
a.2/ A guarantee deed issued by
a bank or another credit institution (regardless of whether the guarantee deed
issued by a domestic or foreign bank or credit institution valued at equal to
20% of the value of goods subject to provisional urgent measures or at least
VND 20 million). Guarantee deeds may take the form of guarantee letters or
guarantee contracts established under the Vietnamese law, unless otherwise
provided for by the Vietnamese law.
b/ Provision of security in the
case of application of provisional urgent measures specified in Clause 2,
Article 207 of the Intellectual Property Law.
Under Clause 2, Article 207 of
the Intellectual Property Law, rights holders may request courts to apply other
provisional urgent measures specified in the Civil Procedure Code. Therefore,
when deciding on the application of one of provisional urgent measures
specified in Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Code, courts shall base
themselves on the provisions of Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Code and the
guidance in Section 8 of Resolution No. 02/2005/NQ-HDTP of April 27, 2005, of
the Judges Council of the Supreme Peoples Court, guiding the implementation of
a number of provisions of the Civil Procedure Codes Chapter VIII on Provisional
Urgent Measures, to identify specific cases in which security is required
before ordering requesters of application of provisional urgent measures to
provide such security.
III.
REGARDING THE RIGHT AND BURDEN OF PROOF OF INVOLVED PARTIES (ARTICLE 203 OF THE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW)
1. Civil disputes over
intellectual property rights constitute a type of civil disputes falling under
the handling competence of peoples courts under the Civil Procedure Code.
Plaintiffs and defendants, therefore, enjoy the right and bear the burden of
proof under Article 79 of the Civil Procedure Code and Article 203 of the
Intellectual Property Law.
1.1. Depending on the special
nature of intellectual property rights and each specific kind of dispute and
claim, plaintiffs enjoy the right and bear the burden of proof as follows:
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b/ For disputes arising from
infringements of intellectual property rights, to prove that their intellectual
property rights are infringed upon, they shall supply evidence proving
infringements of intellectual property rights or acts of unfair competition
specified in Clause 3, Article 203 of the Intellectual Property Law and Article
25 of Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP.
c/ When determining whether or
not infringements of intellectual property rights stated by plaintiffs in their
petitions for institution of lawsuits exist, courts shall base themselves on
the provisions of Articles 28, 35, 126, 127, 129 and 130 of the Intellectual
Property Law specifying infringements of copyright, related right and
industrial property rights. At the same time, they shall apply the provisions
of Articles 5 thru 15 of Chapter II of Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP to identify
infringing elements of intellectual property rights. Because intellectual
property rights are special rights, in some cases using intellectual property
rights is not regarded as infringing upon intellectual property rights. Courts
shall therefore base themselves on the provisions of Articles 25, 26, 32 and
33, Clauses 2 and 3 of Article 125, Articles 133 and 134 of the Intellectual
Property Law to determine whether or not infringements exist, depending on
specific intellectual property objects.
1.2. Pursuant to Clause 4,
Article 203 of the Intellectual Property Law, in lawsuits against infringements
of the right to inventions which are production processes, defendants shall
bear the burden of proof. Defendants shall prove that their products are
produced by processes other than the protected ones in the cases specified at
Points and b, Clause 4, Article 203 of the Intellectual Property Law. Courts
shall order defendants to produce evidence proving that they have not infringed
upon intellectual property rights to plaintiffs inventions.
2. Plaintiffs may request
courts to decide on ordering parties that control evidence to produce such
evidence under Clause 5, Article 203 of the Intellectual Property Law and
Article 94 of the Civil Procedure Code and the guidance in Section 8, Part IV
of Resolution No. 04/2005/NQ-HDTP of September 17, 2005, of the Judges Council
of the Supreme Peoples Court, guiding the implementation of a number of
provisions of the Civil Procedure Code on burden of proof and evidence.
3. Plaintiffs shall prove
damage caused to them; produce evidence proving their actual damage (various
kinds of damage and losses in each kind of damage), and specifically state
bases for determination of compensations for damage under Article 205 of the
Intellectual Property Law.
IV. COURT
RULINGS ON APPLICATION OF CIVIL REMEDIES (ARTICLE 202 OF THE INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY LAW)
Courts shall apply civil
remedies specified in Article 202 of the Intellectual Property Law in handling
civil cases on intellectual property rights.
Courts may apply on a
case-by-case basis one or several or all civil remedies at the same time in the
course of handling a civil case on intellectual property rights.
1.
Compelling the termination of infringing acts
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1.2. Courts may rule on
compelling persons committing infringements of intellectual property rights to
terminate their infringements in their judgments or rulings on the application
of provisional urgent measures under Article 206 and Clause 2, Article 207 of
the Intellectual Property Law, and Clause 12, Article 102 and Article 115 of
the Civil Procedure Code.
1.3. In their judgments or
rulings, courts shall specifically state infringed intellectual property rights
and infringements of these rights. At the same time, courts shall clearly prescribe
things that must be done or may not be done by persons committing infringements
of intellectual property rights in order to strictly enforce these judgments or
rulings.
1.4. Under Clause 1, Article 123
of the Civil Procedure Code, rulings or decisions on application of provisional
urgent measures take effect immediately. Therefore, if persons against whom
provisional urgent measures of compelling the termination of infringements of
intellectual property rights are applied complain about rulings or decisions on
application of these measures, they shall still abide by these rulings or
decisions within the time limit for lodging and settling complaints specified
in Articles 124 and 125 of the Civil Procedure Code.
If courts rule in their judgments
on the termination of infringements of intellectual property rights and there
are appeals or protests against these judgments, the provisions of Clause 1,
Article 254 of the Civil Procedure Code, which stipulate for appealed or
protested parts of first-instance judgments or rulings the enforcement will be
postponed, unless the law requires the immediate enforcement, will apply.
Therefore, it is necessary to
base on specific provisions of legal documents requiring the immediate
enforcement of appealed or protested parts of first-instance judgments or
rulings and the above provisions of the Civil Procedure Code to declare in
judgments or rulings that rulings on compelling the termination of
infringements of intellectual property rights must be immediately enforced
despite of appeals or protests.
2.
Compelling public apology and correction
2.1. Courts shall rule in their
judgments or rulings on compelling persons who commit infringements of
intellectual property rights to make public apologies or corrections in order
to restore the honor, dignity, prestige or reputation of holders of infringed
intellectual property rights.
For example: An infringer of
copyright has modified, mutilated or distorted a work, misrepresenting the
author to the public in whatever form prejudicial to the authors honor and
reputation.
The compulsion of public apology
and correction aims to protect the moral rights of authors specified in Clause
4, Article 19 of the Intellectual Property Law (protection of integrity of
works) and restore the honor and reputation of authors.
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2.2. If involved parties cannot
reach agreement on contents and modes of making public apologies and
corrections as well as expenses therefor, courts shall base themselves on the
nature, severity and consequences of infringements to rule on contents of and
time volume for public apologies and corrections as well as expenses therefor.
Public apology and correction may be made directly at head offices of aggrieved
parties or published on dailies of central agencies or newspapers of localities
where aggrieved parties are headquartered for three consecutive issues.
3.
Compelling the performance of civil obligations
Courts shall rule on compelling
the performance of civil obligations by persons who commit acts breaching their
obligations toward intellectual property rights holders [failing to perform or
improperly perform obligations agreed upon in contracts and bearing civil
liability before intellectual property rights holders (obligees)].
When this measure is applied,
the relevant provisions of Sections 2 and 3, Chapter XVII, Part Three of the
2005 Civil Code must be based on.
4.
Compelling the payment of compensations for damage
4.1. Persons committing infringements
of intellectual property rights which cause material damage and spiritual
damage to intellectual property rights holders shall pay compensations for such
damage.
The responsibility of persons
committing infringements of intellectual property rights to pay compensations
for damage caused is determined on the bases specified in Clause 1, Article 604
of the Civil Code and the guidance in Section 1, Part I of Resolution No.
03/2006/NQ-HDTP of July 8, 2006, of the Judges Council of the Supreme Peoples
Court, guiding the application of a number of provisions of the 2005 Civil Code
on payment of compensations for damage outside contracts.
4.2. Since the Civil Code and
the Intellectual Property Law stipulate different principles for payment of
compensations for damage, determination of damage and modes of payment of
compensations for damage, the Intellectual Property Law stipulates in Clause 2,
Article 5 that the provisions of Articles 204 and 205 of this Law, Articles 16,
17, 18, 19 and 20 of Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP and the guidance in Section I,
Part A of this Joint Circular must be applied to settling claims for
compensations for damage.
5. Compelling the
destruction, distribution or use for non-commercial purposes of intellectual
property rights-infringing goods, and raw materials, materials and means used
largely for the production or trading thereof, provided that such destruction,
distribution or use does not affect the exploitation of rights by intellectual
property rights holders.
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5.2. The compulsion of
destruction, distribution or use for non-commercial purposes must be based on
the provisions of Clause 5, Article 202 of the Intellectual Property Law, and
Articles 30 and 31 of Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP.
For example: Company X illegally
affixed Company As soup seasoning (monosodium glutamate) mark AJINOMOTO, which
sells well on the market, on its soup seasoning products for sale. Company A
instituted a lawsuit against Company X, requesting a court to order Company X
to terminate the act of illegally using the mark AJINOMOTO, destroy unused
product labels printed with the mark AJINOMOTO and handle the volume of soup
seasoning products bearing the counterfeit mark. The court based itself on the
provisions of Clause 5, Article 202 of the Intellectual Property Law and
Article 30 of Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP to rule on ordering Company A to
destroy confiscated labels bearing the counterfeit mark and remove the word
mark AJINOMOTO from soup seasoning products and distributing infringing soup
seasoning products to an orphanage of district B for use for the humanitarian
purpose.
5.3. When compelling the
destruction of intellectual property rights-infringing goods, and raw
materials, materials and means used largely for the production or trading
thereof, courts shall rule on the responsibility of persons committing
infringements of intellectual property rights to bear expenses for the
destruction.
C. COORDINATION IN SETTLING DISPUTES OVER INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
In the course of settling
disputes over intellectual property rights, the Peoples Court and Peoples
Procuracy and the Copyright Office of Vietnam (the Ministry of Culture, Sports
and Tourism), provincial/municipal Culture and Information Services, the
National Office of Intellectual Property (the Ministry of Science and Technology),
provincial/municipal Science and Technology Services that accept dispute cases,
and the Vietnam Internet Center (the Ministry of Information and Communication)
shall closely coordinate within one another in performing the following tasks:
1. Should any
professional matters arise in the domain of intellectual property on which
courts have requested in writing the exchange of expert opinions, the Copyright
Office of Vietnam, provincial/municipal Culture and Information Services, the
National Office of Intellectual Property, provincial/municipal Science and
Technology Services and the Vietnam Internet Center shall give their opinions
on these matters.
2. Upon detecting
infringements of intellectual property rights in the course of prosecution and
adjudication of criminal cases, peoples procuracies and peoples courts shall
report them to the Copyright Office of Vietnam, provincial/municipal Culture
and Information Services, the National Office of Intellectual Property,
provincial/municipal Science and Technology Services and the Vietnam Internet
Center for the latter to monitor and make statistics on the protection of
intellectual property rights at peoples courts within the scope of their
respective functions.
3. Upon detecting infringements
of intellectual property rights, which have all elements constituting crimes as
specified in the Penal Code, in the course of handling infringements or
settling disputes, functional agencies shall notify them and transfer relevant
documents to competent peoples procuracies for consideration and decision on
criminal handling.
D. EFFECT OF THE CIRCULAR
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This Circular replaces Joint
Circular No. 01/2001/TANDTC-VKSNDTC-BVHTT of December 5, 2001, of the Supreme
Peoples Court, the Supreme Peoples Procuracy and the Ministry of Information
and Culture, guiding the application of a number of provisions of the Civil
Code in settling copyright-related disputes at peoples courts.
2. Cases previously handled in
strict compliance with legal provisions, on which court judgments or rulings
have taken legal effect, would not be protested according to cassation
procedures under this Circulars guidance, unless other grounds are available.
3. For the settlement of disputes
over intellectual property rights arising before January 1, 2006 (the effective
date of the 2005 Civil Code), the provisions of the 1995 Civil Code and legal
documents guiding the application of the 1995 Civil Codes provisions on
intellectual property will apply.
4. For the settlement of
disputes over intellectual property rights arising during the period from
January 1, 2006, to June 30, 2006 (the day preceding the effective date of the
Intellectual Property Law), the provisions of the 2005 Civil Code and legal
documents guiding the application of the 2005 Civil Codes provisions on
intellectual property will apply.
Any problems or new matters
arising in the course of application of this Circulars guidance should be
reported in writing by courts at all levels to the Supreme Peoples Court, the
Supreme Peoples Procuracy, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the
Ministry of Science and Technology or the Ministry of Justice for timely
explanations or additional guidance.
FOR
THE PRESIDENT OF THE SUPREME PEOPLES COURT
VICE PRESIDENT
Dang Quang Phuong
FOR
THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SUPREME PEOPLES PROCURACY
VICE CHAIRMAN
Khuat Kim Nga
FOR
THE MINISTER OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM
VICE MINISTER
Tran Chien Thang
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FOR
THE MINISTER OF JUSTICE
VICE MINISTER
Dinh Trung Tung