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MINISTRY OF
CONSTRUCTION OF VIETNAM
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SOCIALIST REPUBLIC
OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No. 06/2022/TT-BXD
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Hanoi, November 30,
2022
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CIRCULAR
ON
THE QCVN 06:2022/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON FIRE SAFETY OF
BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
Pursuant to the Law on Technical Regulations
and Standards dated June 29, 2006;
Pursuant to No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August
01, 2007 of the Government elaborating the implementation of the Law on
Technical Regulations and Standards and Decree No. 78/2018/ND-CP dated May 16,
2018 of the Government on amendment to the Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP ;
Pursuant to Decree No. 52/2022/ND-CP dated
August 8, 2022 of the Government on functions, tasks, powers, and
organizational structures of Ministry of Construction;
At request of Director of the Science -
Technology and Environment Department;
The Minister of Construction promulgates
Circular on National technical regulation on Fire safety for Buildings and
Constructions
Article 1. The
QCVN 06:2022/BXD National technical regulation on Fire safety for Buildings and
Constructions is attached hereto.
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Article 3. Ministries,
ministerial agencies, Governmental agencies, People’s Committees of provinces
and central-affiliated cities, and relevant organizations, individuals are
responsible for the implementation of this Circular./.
PP. MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Le Quang Hung
QCVN
06:2022/BXD
NATIONAL
TECHNICAL REGULATION ON FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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2 FIRE-RELATED TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATIONS
3 HUMAN SAFETY ASSURANCE
4 FLAME SPREAD PREVENTION
5 WATER SUPPLY FOR FIREFIGHTING
6 FIREFIGHTING AND RESCUE
7 ORGANIZING IMPLEMENTATION
APPENDIX A (regulations) ADDITIONAL
REGULATIONS FOR SPECIFIC GROUPS OF BUILDINGS
APPENDIX B (regulations) CLASSIFICATION OF
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS BASED ON FIRE-RELATED TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATIONS AND FIRE
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF MATERIALS
APPENDIX C (regulations) FIRE AND EXPLOSION RISK
CLASSES OF BUILDINGS, CONSTRUCTIONS, ROOMS WITH MANUFACTURING AND STORAGE
PURPOSES
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APPENDIX E (regulations) FIRE SEPARATION
DISTANCE
APPENDIX F (regulations) FIRE-RESISTANCE
RATINGS OF SEVERAL MODULES
APPENDIX G (regulations) DISTANCE TO EXIT
ACCESSES AND WIDTH OF EXIT ACCESSES
APPENDIX H (regulations) FIRE RESISTANCE CATEGORY
AND FIRE SAFETY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS OF BUILDINGS, CONSTRUCTIONS, AND FIRE
COMPARTMENTS
APPENDIX I (for reference) ILLUSTRATIONS
Preface
The QCVN 06:2022/BXD is developed by the
Construction Science and Technology Institute (Ministry of Construction),
jointly compiled by Vietnam Fire and Rescue Police Department (Ministry of
Public Security), presented to the Ministry of Science and Technology for
approval by the Science - Technology and Environment Department (Ministry of
Construction), and issued under Circular No.06/2022/TT-BXD dated November 30,
2022 of the Minister of Construction.
The QCVN 06:2022/BXD replaces the QCVN 06:2021/BXD
attached under Circular No. 02/2021/TT-BXD dated May 19, 2021 of the Minister
of Construction.
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NATIONAL TECHNICAL
REGULATION ON FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This Regulation prescribes
a) General fire safety requirements of rooms,
fire compartments, buildings, and constructions (hereinafter referred to as
“buildings”);
b) Fire-related technical classifications of
construction materials, structural elements, parts and components of buildings,
and buildings.
1.1.2 This Regulation applies to the following
buildings and constructions:
a) Houses: apartment buildings and tenements
with up to 150 m of fire height and no more than 3 basements; detached houses
with at least 7 storeys or more than 1 basement and up to 3 basements, detached
houses also serving production, business purposes where floor area for
production, business purposes accounts for more than 30% of floor area;
NOTE: If detached houses are repurposed, this
Regulation and relevant law provisions must be complied with
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c) Manufacturing facilities and warehouses
with up to 50 m in fire height and no more than 1 basement;
d) Providers of technical infrastructure
facilities and amenities with up to 50 m in fire height and no more than 1
basement;
e) Buildings serving transport purposes with
up to 50 m in fire height and no more than 3 basements;
f) Buildings serving agriculture and rural
development purposes (other than nurseries and greenhouses and the likes).
NOTE: Construction classification shall
conform to relevant law provisions. See Schedule 6 for specific constructions
under 1.1.2.
1.1.3 In regard to buildings classified under fire risk
categories F1.2, F1.3, F4.2, F4.3 by functions and multipurpose buildings with
more than 150 m in fire height or at least 4 basements and buildings with fire
prevention and fire protection properties different from those named under
Schedule 6, in addition to adhering to this Regulation, other technical
requirements and solutions pertaining to organization and building engineering
appropriate to specific fire prevention and fire protection properties of these
buildings must also be complied with on the basis of applied standard
documents.
NOTE: In regard to buildings using their 4th
and 5th basements as parking spaces, regulations pertaining to
underground parking garages must also be complied with in addition to this
Regulation.
1.1.4 This Regulation applies to new construction
of buildings and constructions named under 1.1.2 or:
a) Renovation and repair which alter occupancies
of rooms, fire compartments, or buildings;
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c) Renovation and repair which raise fire
risk of construction materials or reduce fire-resistance rating of structures, structural
elements;
d) Renovation and repair which alter fire risk
class or fire and explosion class of rooms, fire compartments, and buildings in
a way that fire risk of those locations is increased;
e) Renovation and repair which raise fire
safety requirements of rooms, fire compartments, and buildings;
f) Renovation and repair of fire protection
systems of fire compartments and buildings;
g) Other renovation and repair according to
instructions of competent fire and rescue police department.
1.1.5 Section 2 through 6 do not apply to buildings
with special occupancies (buildings and constructions associated with
technology line of power generating facilities such as: hydroelectricity power
plant, thermoelectricity power plant; wind power plant, solar power plant,
geothermal power plant, tidal power plant, waste-to-energy plant, biomass power
plant; biogas power plant; cogeneration power plant, air traffic control tower,
manufacturing facilities or preservation facilities of explosive substances and
materials; storage of petroleum, petroleum products, natural gas, flammable
gas, and pyrophoric substances; filling stations of gas and oil, flammable
liquid, flammable gas; manufacturing facilities or storage of toxic chemicals;
national defense and security constructions; underground sections of subways;
mines, and buildings with similar features).
1.1.6 Section 5 also does not apply to:
a) Facilities, buildings, and constructions
for preservation and processing of cereal;
b) Boiler facilities generating heat;
electrical grid facilities;
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1.1.7 Fire prevention and fire protection requirements
of construction standards must be based on requirements of this Regulation.
In addition to this Regulation, other
specific fire prevention and firefighting requirements under other standards
applicable to specific buildings and constructions must also be adequately
complied with. If no other specific standards that are based on this Regulation
are issued, regulations under applicable standards still prevail until said
standards are reviewed. Applicable standards of foreign countries are also
allowed as long as this Regulation, other Vietnamese regulations and law on
fire prevention and firefighting, and regulations on adoption of foreign
standards in construction activities in Vietnam are adhered to.
If specific technical regulations and
requirements under applicable standards pertaining to fire prevention and fire
protection are less safe than those under this Regulation, those under this
Regulation shall prevail.
1.1.8 Fire safety design documents and fire safety
technical documents of buildings, structures, structural elements, and
construction materials must specify fire-related technical characteristics of
these structures in accordance with this Regulation.
1.1.9 When designing buildings and constructions,
other mandatory regulations and technical requirements according to applicable
laws must be complied with in addition to complying with this Regulation, such
as: planning, architecture, structures, water supply and drainage system,
electrical system, electrical appliances, lightning arrester, fuel supply
system, energy efficiency, ventilating system, air conditioning system,
mechanical system, safety use of glass, fall and collision prevention.
1.1.10 In some specific cases, several
requirements under this Regulation can be replaced as long as technical evaluation
is sent to the Ministry of Construction stating additional or replacement
solutions and the basis thereof in order to maintain fire safety. This
technical evaluation must be reviewed by the Ministry of Construction while
construction design dossiers must be approved by competent fire and rescue
police authority in accordance with fire prevention and firefighting laws.
1.2 Regulated
entities
This Regulation applies to organizations and
individuals related to construction investment activities in Vietnamese
territory.
1.3 Reference
documents
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QCVN 17:2018/BXD, National technical
regulations on the construction and installation of outdoor advertising
facilities.
TCVN 3890, Fire protection - Fire
protection equipment, firefighting systems for construction
TCVN 5738, Fire protection - Automatic fire
alarm system - Technical requirements.
TCVN 7336, Fire protection - Water, foam
automatic fire-extinguishing systems - Design and installation requirements.
TCVN 9310-4, Fire protection - Vocabulary
- Part 4: Fire extinction equipment.
TCVN 9310-8, Fire protection - Vocabulary
- Part 8: Terms specific to fire-fighting, rescue services and handling
hazardous materials.
TCVN 9311-1, Fire - resistance test-
Elements of building construction - Part 1: General requirements.
TCVN 9311-3, Fire - resistance test -
Elements of building construction - Part 3: Commentary on test method and test
data application.
TCVN 9311-4, Fire - resistance test -
Elements of building construction - Part 4: Specific requirements for load
bearing vertical separating elements.
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TCVN 9311-6, Fire - resistance tests -
Elements of building construction- Part 6: Specific requirements for beams.
TCVN 9311-7, Fire – resistance test –
Elements of building construction – Part 7: Specific requirements of columns.
TCVN 9311-8, Fire - resistance test- Elements
of building construction - Part 8: Specific requirements for non - load bearing
vertical separating elements.
TCVN 9383, Fire resistance test - Fire
door and Shutter Assemblies.
TCVN 12695, Reaction to fire tests for
construction products - Non-combustibility test.
TCVN 13456, Fire protection - Emergency
lighting and Exit sign - Design, installation requirements
1.4 Definitions
In this Regulation, the terms below are
construed as follows:
1.4.1
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Refers to fulfillment of requirements for
construction material properties and structures, architectural solutions,
planning, technical and technology solutions depending ton characteristics of
constructions in order to prevent fire (fire protection), limit the spread, extinguish
fire (fire prevention), prevent factors harmful for humans, and minimize
property damage in case of fire.
1.4.2
fire engine parking space
Refers to a road segment whose finished
surface can withstand the calculated load, which is located along the
circumference or in a part of the circumference of the buildings, which allows
firefighting equipment to deploy firefighting activities.
NOTE: In comparison with fire lane, fire
engine parking space is design to withstand a greater load with a greater width
for the deployment of firefighting equipment
1.4.3
fire protection
Refers to a combination of methods and
technical solutions adopted to prevent impact of fire on human and limit
physical damage caused by fire.
1.4.4
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Refers to a categorized characteristic of
buildings, constructions, and fire compartments determined by fire-resistance
rating of structures/structural elements employed to build said buildings,
constructions, and fire compartments.
1.4.5
fire protection assembly
Refer to an apparatus employed to prevent
fire and combustion products from spreading from a fire compartment or from a
room with fire to other rooms. Includes fire-resistance-rated walls, fire-resistance-rated
partitions, and fire-resistance-rated floors.
1.4.6
smoke barriers
Refer to structures employed to divert,
contained, and/or reduce the spread of smoke (gaseous product for a fire).
1.4.7
fire risk level of structural elements
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1.4.8
fire risk level of structures
Refers to a characteristic of buildings,
constructions, and fire compartments and is based on level of participation of
their structures in development of the fire and formation of fire hazards.
1.4.9
building height for fire prevention and
firefighting (fire height)
Fire height of a building (excluding the
topmost mechanical floor) is determined as follows:
The maximum distance from fire lane to the
lowest point of the opening (window) on the exterior wall of the highest
storey;
Half of total distance from fire lane to the
floor and to the ceiling of the topmost storey - if no openings (windows) are
located on the exterior wall.
NOTE 1: If roof is utilized, fire height of
the building shall equal the greatest distance from fire lane to the highest
point of the wall surrounding the roof
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NOTE 3: If balcony (loggia) or enclosing
structures (guardrail) are built, fire height shall equal the greatest distance
from fire lane to the highest point of the guarding structures (guardrail) or
balcony (loggia).
1.4.10
height of solid stream
Equals 0,8 times the height of a stream
flowing vertically.
1.4.11
smoke outlet (flap, shutter)
Refer to remotely controlled equipment
(devices) which seals openings located on the exterior wall surrounding rooms
protected by natural smoke extraction system.
1.4.12
hoistway door
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1.4.13
smoke inlet
Refers to an opening in smoke extraction
system to which mesh, bars, flaps, or normally closed fire dampers can be
fitted.
1.4.14
accessible floor area
Refers to the total floor area of all covered
spaces within a building, including service ducts, lift shafts, toilets,
staircases, areas occupied by fixed, moveable furniture, equipment, facilities,
and any open-to-sky habitable areas above or below the first storey of the
building.
1.4.15
fire lane
Refers to a road designed to allow
firefighting equipment to reach and move within a building’s vicinity to
commerce firefighting and rescue activities.
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means of egress
Refers to a path of travel which allows humans
to head outside or enter safe areas, refuge floors, fire emergency holding
areas and guarantees safe evacuation of humans in case of fire.
1.4.17
independent means of egress
Refers to a means of egress that serves only
one section of the building (exit accesses of other sections of the building
will not lead to this means of egress).
1.4.18
fire-resistance rating
Refers to the period of time (in hours or
minutes) from the moment in which structures and structural elements undergo
fire resistance test in standard temperature to the moment in which they
exhibit any of the limit states.
1.4.19
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Refers to an area which is located on the
refuge floor and allows temporary evacuation in case of fire.
1.4.20
technical room
Refers to a room where all technical
equipment of the building or storey is stored. Technical rooms can occupy a
mechanical floor partially or entirely.
1.4.21
room
Refers to a space contained within a building
that serves a definite purpose and is limited by structures.
1.4.22
regularly occupied room
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1.4.23
single-loaded corridor
Refers to a corridor whose one side receives
natural ventilation, is not obstructed, runs continuously along its length and
whose clear height from the highest point of the side wall to the ceiling is
not smaller than 1,2 m.
1.4.24
fire protection system
A system that includes: smoke protection
system, standpipe system, fire hydrant system, automatic fire suppression
system, fire alarm, public address system, emergency lighting system, egress
lighting system, fire service elevator, rescue equipment, structural solutions,
evacuation solutions, smoke prevention solutions, flame spread prevention
solutions.
1.4.25
air supply system for smoke control
Refers to a system that is remotely
controlled and prevents smoke in case of fire for rooms in control areas,
staircases, elevator shafts, fire protection vestibules by supplying fresh air
from the outside to create positive pressure in the aforementioned areas,
prevents the spread of combustion products and supplies fresh air to make up
for the expelled combustion products.
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smoke extraction system
Refers to a system that is remotely
controlled expels smoke and combustion products outside via smoke inlet.
1.4.27
standpipe system
Refers to a combination of specialized equipment
including valves, hoses, and nozzles that have been pre-installed to deliver
water to the fire.
1.4.28
fire separation distance
Refers to the minimum distance between
buildings and constructions for the purpose of preventing flame spread.
1.4.29
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Refers to a section of a building which is
separated by fire-resistance-rated walls and/or fire-resistance-rated floors or
fire-resistance-rated roofs whose fire-resistance rating is sufficient to
prevent the fire from spreading beyond the fire compartment throughout the fire
duration.
1.4.30
vestibule
Refers to a space located between doors which
prevents smoke and other gases from entering buildings, staircases, or other
rooms.
1.4.31
fire protection vestibule
Refers to a vestibule that protects any
opening on fire protection assembly, is enclosed by fire-resistance-rated
floors and fire-resistance-rated partitions, contains 2 adjacent openings
fitted with fire-resistance-rated protectives, or contains more than 2 openings
fitted with fire-resistance-rated protectives only when mechanical ventilation
is adopted for the vestibule in order to prevent smoke from entering the
vestibule in case of fire.
1.4.32
smoke
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1.4.33
exit access (exit, exit access doorway)
Refers to a route or a door that leads into a
means of egress, directly outside, or into control areas, refuge floors, and/or
fire emergency holding areas.
1.4.34
exit passageway
Refers to an exit access that leads to a
means of egress without crossing building sections (or rooms) of other occupancies.
1.4.35
separate exit access
Refers to an exit access that leads from a
building section (or room or rooms) into an independent means of egress, or
directly outside, or directly into control areas, refuge floors, fire emergency
holding areas.
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protective concrete layer and concrete cover
Protective concrete layer starts from the
edge of the structural elements to the nearest rebar surface.
Concrete cover refers to the thickness of the
protective concrete layer (from the edge of the structural elements to the
nearest rebar surface).
1.4.37
occupied roof
Refers to a roof which is regularly occupied
by humans (at least 2 consecutive hours or at least 6 hours within a period of
24 hours).
1.4.38
flame
Refers to the visible, gaseous part of a
fire.
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building
Refers to a structure whose primary function
is to shelter, protect people or objects therein and which is partially or
entirely covered and built on a fixed location.
1.4.40
apartment building
Refers to a building with at least 2 storeys,
multiple flats, common staircases, private property and common property, common
infrastructures and amenities for use by households, individuals, and
organizations. Includes apartment buildings built for residential purposes and
apartment buildings built for a mix of residential and business purposes
(hereinafter referred to as “multipurpose apartment buildings”)
1.4.41
multipurpose building
Refers to a building that serves different purposes
(for example: a building can be designed to facilitate office, commerce and
services, public operations, and even accommodations)
NOTE: A multipurpose building must comply
with regulations on fire safety applicable to multipurpose buildings if floor
area dedicated to each occupancy of the building does not exceed 70% of the
total floor area of said building (not including floor area used for technical
system, fire prevention and firefighting, fire emergency holding areas, and
parking).
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manufacturing facility
Refers to a building where industrial
manufacturing activities are conducted and necessary conditions are guaranteed
to allow humans to work and operate technology equipment.
1.4.43
fire risk category by function of buildings,
constructions, fire compartments, and rooms
Refers to a characteristic of buildings,
constructions, fire compartments, and rooms which is determined by functions
and characteristics of said buildings, constructions, fire compartments, and
rooms, including characteristics of production technology employed within said
buildings, constructions, fire compartments, and rooms.
1.4.44
fire risk classification of construction
materials
Refers to a property of construction material
determined by combustibility test as per standards.
1.4.45
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Refers to a part within a fire compartment
that is separated by fire protection assembly and/or areas sustaining no fire
load
1.4.46
fire prevention
Refers to a combination of organization and
technical solutions which aim to ensure safety for humans, prevent fire,
restrict flame spread, and facilitate effective extinguishing of the flame
1.4.47
compartment volume
Refers to volume of space in a building or a fire
compartment. This volume does not include walls of protected elevators, exit access
stairwells and other spaces (e.g. lavatories and storage units) covered by
walls with fire resistance ratings less than 60 minutes and walkways passing
through walls protected by class 2 fire-resistance-rated doors installed with self-closing
devices. Compartment volume shall be calculated based on:
a) Clearance area which equals the distance
between inner finished surfaces of surrounding walls, or in case of areas
without surrounding walls, from a vertical surface to the topmost outermost
edge of the floor;
b) Height which equals the distance from the
highest point of the lower floor to the lowest point of the upper floor;
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1.4.48
smoke protected lobby
Refers to a lobby leading into an exit access
stairwells. This lobby must be designed to as to prevent or minimize smoke
infiltration into the staircase.
1.4.49
elevator lobby
Refers to an empty space leading to the
elevator
1.4.50
number of storey
Refers to the number of above-ground storeys
(including mechanical floor, roof access) and basements/semi-basements but not attics.
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1.4.51
fire incident
Refers to an uncontrolled combustion that
leads to human casualty and/or property damage.
1.4.52
combustion
Refers to an exothermic redox chemical
reaction which is accompanied by a flame or incandescent light or smoke.
1.4.53
standard documents
Include documents such as standards,
technical specifications, code of practice, and technical regulations in
Vietnam and in other countries promulgated by competent agencies and
authorities.
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fire load
Refers to the total heat output produced by
combustion of combustible materials within a construction
1.4.55
attic
Refers to a storey located in the space
directly beneath the pitched roof where a part or the entire vertical surface
of the storey is created by roof pitches or gables while surrounding walls (if
any) are not taller than 1,5 m from the floor.
1.4.56
home landing (of an elevator)
Refers to a storey where the main entrance to
the building is located (usually the first storey).
1.4.57
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Refers to a storey with more than half of its
height located below ground level according to approved planning.
NOTE: When reviewing fire safety requirements
of a building located on varying ground levels, a storey located below ground
level according to approved planning shall not be considered a basement if
means of egress from this storey does not travel in an upward direction.
1.4.58
refuge floor
Refers to a storey for temporary evacuation
which is located in a building with fire height exceeding 100 m. Each refuge
floor may house one or multiple fire emergency holding areas.
1.4.59
semi-basement
Refers to a storey with half of its height
located above or at ground level according to approved planning
1.4.60
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Refers to a storey or a part thereof where technical
rooms or technical equipment of the building is located. A mechanical floor can
be a basement, a semi-basement, a attic, the topmost storey, or any storey
in-between.
1.4.61
above-ground storey
Refers to a storey whose floor level is above
or at ground level according to approved planning.
1.4.62
fire service elevator
Refers to an elevator which is installed
primarily for passenger transport but is additionally equipped with protected
control, communication systems and marked in order to allow the elevator to be
manually controlled by fire brigade to reach various storeys of the building in
case of fire.
1.4.63
smoke ventilation
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1.4.64
fire risk of substances and construction
materials
Refers to a state of substances and materials
which is characterized by the ability of the substances and materials to
combust or explode.
1.4.65
fire risk of fire barriers
Refers to a state of fire barriers and is
characterized by the ability to combust and contribute to the fire as well as
impact of harmful combustion factors on humans and properties.
1.4.66
fire resistance
Refers to the ability to resist the fire and
prevent the spread of fire hazards.
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smoke damper
Refers to a normally closed fire damper,
which is rated for E and installed directly on openings of smoke inlets in
corridors and smoke protected lobbies (subsequently referred to as “corridors”)
1.4.68
fire damper
Refers to an equipment which is remotely
controlled, shields ventilation ducts or openings on enclosing structures of a
building, and is rated for EI. There are 3 types of fire dampers:
Normally open fire dampers (which close in
case of fire);
Normally closed fire dampers (which open in
case of fire or after a fire);
Combined fire dampers (which close in case of
a fire and open after a fire);
1.4.69
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Refers to an area in which humans are
protected from fire hazards or an area in which fire hazards are either absent
or not exceeding the permitted values.
1.4.70
smoke compartment
Refers to space within a structure which is
limited or surrounded by smoke barriers or structural elements which help
prevent the spread of smoke in case of fire.
1.4.71
passive fire protection for structures
Refers to the adoption of impregnation or
coating, layering of protective layers on top of structures in order to raise
fire resistance and/or reduce fire risk of the structures.
1.4.72
fire hazards
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NOTE: Fire hazards include 1) flame and
flaming droplets; 2) heat wave; 3) rising ambient temperature; 4) rising toxic
substance concentration of combustion products; 5) low oxygen concentration; 6)
smoke obscuration.
1.5 General
provisions
1.5.1 When designing buildings, structural and
premise - spatial arrangement and construction engineering solutions must be
implemented in order to ensure the followings in case of fire:
- The buildings are able to maintain overall
stability and stiffness in a definite period of time as prescribed by fire
resistance category of buildings;
- All building occupants (regardless of age
and health conditions) can evacuate to safe areas outside (hereinafter referred
to as “outside”) in a timely manner before the risks to human lives and health
are present due to fire hazards;
- All rescue operations are feasible;
- Fire brigade and firefighting equipment are
able to access the fire, implement firefighting activities, rescue humans and
properties;
- The fire is prevented from spreading onto
neighboring buildings, even when the burning buildings collapse;
- All direct and indirect physical damage is
minimized, including damage to the buildings and properties therein, taking
into account economic relationship between the damage and costs for fire
prevention and firefighting solutions, equipment.
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- All fire prevention and protection solutions
must be adopted according to the design in a manner conforming to applicable
regulations and standards and approved by the competent authority;
- Fire prevention and firefighting
requirements of construction in progress and auxiliary constructions, fire
prevention and firefighting regulations in construction as per fire prevention
and firefighting laws must be adequately implemented;
- All firefighting equipment must be equipped
and ready for use;
- Safe evacuation, rescue operations, and
property protection in case of fire during construction process and at
construction sites must be guaranteed.
1.5.3 During use:
- All building sections and operation of fire
protection system must conform to design requirements and technical documents
thereof;
- Regulations on fire prevention and
firefighting as per applicable laws must be implemented;
- Structural solutions, premise - spatial
arrangement, and engineering solutions must not be altered without approved
design as per the law;
- Structural elements and materials that do
not meet requirements under applicable regulations and standards are not
allowed for use in repair operations
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1.5.4 When analyzing fire risk of buildings,
calculated scenarios based on correlation between parameters such as
contribution to the fire, the spread of fire hazards, human evacuation, and
firefighting operations can be utilized.
2 FIRE-RELATED
TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATIONS
2.1 Fire risk
classification of construction materials
2.1.1 Purpose of classification
2.1.1.1 The classification of construction
materials and substances based on fire risks shall be implemented in order to
establish fire safety requirements for these materials and substances, and use,
preservation, transport, processing, and disposal thereof.
2.1.1.2 In order to establish fire safety
requirements for building structures, constructions, and fire protection
systems, construction materials shall be classified by fire risks.
2.1.2 Classification criteria
Fire risks of construction materials are
determined based on fire-related technical specifications:
- Combustibility;
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- Flame spread;
- Smoke production;
- Toxic potency.
2.1.3 Combustibility classification
2.1.3.1 By combustibility, construction
materials are classified into non-combustible materials and combustible
materials.
2.1.3.2 Non-combustible materials are those
with combustibility criteria (temperature increase, loss of sample mass,
duration of sustained flaming) under B.1.1, Appendix B.
Non-combustible materials are not subject to
regulations on fire risks and not subject to determination of other criteria
(see B.1.1, Appendix B)
2.1.3.3 Combustible materials shall be
classified into 4 classes:
- Ch1 (mildly flammable);
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- Ch3 (flammable);
- Ch4 (highly flammable).
Combustibility and construction materials
classified by combustibility are determined under B.1.2, Appendix B
2.1.4 Ignitability classification
By ignitability, combustible construction
materials are classified into 3 classes:
- BC1 (barely ignitable);
- BC2 (moderately ignitable);
- BC3 (ignitable).
Classification of construction material based
on ignitability shall be determined under B.1.3 of Appendix B
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By flame spread, combustible construction
materials are classified into 4 classes
LT1 (no spread);
LT2 (limited spread);
LT3 (moderate spread);
LT4 (rapid spread).
Classification of flame spread applies to
flooring and roofing materials, including carpets, according to B.1.4 of
Appendix B
Other construction materials are not required
to be classified by flame spread.
2.1.6 Smoke production classification
By smoke production, combustible construction
materials are classified into 3 classes:
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- SK2 (moderate smoke production);
- SK3 (high smoke production).
Classification of construction materials by
smoke production is determined under B.1.5 of Appendix B.
2.1.7 Toxic potency classification
By classification of combustion products, combustible
construction materials are classified into 4 classes:
- DT1 (low toxic potency);
- DT2 (moderate toxic potency);
- DT3 (high toxic potency);
- DT4 (very high toxic potency).
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2.1.8 Fire risk classification
2.1.8.1 By fire risks, construction materials
are classified into CV0, CV1, CV2, CV3, CV4, and CV5 in ascending order fire risk
level.
NOTE: Fire risk level of construction
materials is determined by a combination of criteria under 2.1.2.
2.1.8.2 Fire risk levels of construction
materials are specified under B.1.7, Appendix B.
2.2 Structural
elements
2.2.1 Purpose of classification
2.2.1.1 Structural elements are classified by
fire resistance and fire risks
2.2.1.2 Structural elements are classified by
fire resistance in order to determine their use in buildings, constructions,
and fire compartments with a definite fire-resistance rating or to determine
fire-resistance rating of buildings, constructions, and fire compartments.
2.2.13 Structural elements are classified by
fire risks in order to determine their contribution to the fire and formation
of fire hazards.
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2.2.2.1 Depending on the ability of structural
elements of buildings and constructions to resist the fire and the spread of
fire hazards in standard testing conditions, their fire resistance shall be
classified as follows:
- Not required;
- No less than 15 minutes;
- No less than 30 minutes;
- No less than 45 minutes;
- No less than 60 minutes;
- No less than 90 minutes;
- No less than 120 minutes;
- No less than 150 minutes;
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- No less than 240 minutes.
2.2.2.2 Fire-resistance rating of structural
elements shall be determined under standard testing conditions. Fire-resistance
rating of load bearing and sheltering structural elements under standard
testing conditions or calculated results shall be expressed by the amount of
time after which one or several limit states subsequently occur:
- Loss of stability (expressed by the letter
R);
- Loss of integrity (expressed by the letter
E);
- Loss of insulation (expressed by the letter
I) as temperature of the non-burning surface reaches the limit value;
Loss of limitation of heat radiation
(expressed by the letter W) as heat flux measured from a definite distance from
the non-burning surface of the structural elements/structures reaches the limit
value;
NOTE 1: Fire-resistance rating of structural
elements is determined by using combustibility test under TCVN 9311-1 through
TCVN 9311-8 or equivalent standards or by using calculations according to
approved fire resistance design standards.
Fire-resistance ratings of smoke and air
ducts shall be determined in accordance with ISO 6944 or equivalent standards.
NOTE 2: The required fire-resistance ratings
of specific structural elements are specified under this Regulation and
Technical regulations of each construction. The required fire-resistance rating
of structural elements are expressed by REI, REW, EI, EW, EIW, RE, or R
accompanied by the duration of sustaining fire in minutes. For example: If a structural
element has required fire-resistance rating of REI 120, the structural element must
be able to maintain its stability, integrity, and insulation for 120 minutes
while being affected by the fire. If a structural element has required
fire-resistance rating of R 60, the structural element must be able to maintain
its stability for 60 minutes while being affected by the fire regardless of
insulation and integrity.
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a) The structural element shares similar
design and technical characteristics with a combustibility test sample whose
fire-resistance rating as determined by the test is not lower than the required
fire-resistance rating of the structural element.
b) Fire-resistance rating of the structural
element as determined by calculations according to applicable fire resistance
standards is not lower than the required fire-resistance rating of structural
element.
c) The structural element has design and
technical characteristics matching those of structural elements which are
listed under Appendix F together with respective nominal fire-resistance
ratings not lower than the required fire-resistance rating of the structural
element.
2.2.3 Classification of structural elements by
fire risks
2.2.3.1 By fire risks, structural elements are
classified into 4 levels:
K0 (no fire risks);
K1 (limited fire risks);
K2 (moderate fire risks),
K3 (fire risks).
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NOTE 1: Without testing, structural elements are
placed under fire risk levels as follows:
a) K0 - when the structural elements are made
solely from non-combustible materials;
b) K1 - when outer surface of the structural
elements are made from materials that are classified as Ch1, BC1, and SK1 or
higher in terms of safety;
c) K2 - when outer surface of the structural
elements are made from materials that are classified as Ch2, BC2, and SK2 or
higher in terms of safety;
d) K3 - when outer surface of the structural
elements are made from materials that are classified as either Ch3 or BC3 or
SK3
NOTE 2: Glass façade of a building is
considered a K0 structural element if all its parts (including those connected
to the building) are made from non-combustible materials. Sealant network and
outer coating that are up to 0,3 mm in thickness (if any) can be ignored for
this purpose
2.3 Fire protection
assembly
2.3.1 Purpose of classification
Fire protection assembly is classified based
on methods for preventing the spread of fire hazards and fire resistance in
order to select structures and opening protectives of fire protection assembly
with appropriate fire-resistance rating and fire risk levels.
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2.3.2.1 Fire protection assembly includes fire-resistance-rated
walls, fire-resistance-rated partitions, and fire-resistance-rated floors and
are classified in accordance with Schedule 1.
NOTE: In addition to the aforementioned fire
protection assembly, other measures such as fire curtains, water curtains, fire
separation distance, and areas without fire load are also employed to prevent flame
spread.
2.3.2.2 Opening protectives of fire protection
assembly (such as fire-resistance-rated doors, hatches, fire dampers, windows,
fire curtains) that are dependent on fire-resistance rating of the separation
are classified according to Schedule 2.
NOTE: Fire-resistance rating of fire dampers
in air distribution systems shall be determined in accordance with ISO 10294 or
equivalent standards. Fire-resistance rating of doors, windows, and shutters
shall be determined in accordance with TCVN 9383 or equivalent standards.
2.3.2.3 Fire protection vestibules located in
openings of fire protection assembly that are dependent on structures of fire
protection vestibules shall be classified into type 1 and type 2 fire
protection vestibules
2.3.3 Requirements for fire protection
assembly
2.3.3.1 Fire protection assembly is employed
to prevent fire and combustion products from spreading from a fire compartment
or from a room on fire to other rooms.
2.3.3.2 Fire protection assembly is characterized
by fire resistance and fire risks.
Fire resistance of a fire protection assembly
shall be determined by fire resistance of all its constituents, including:
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- Structural elements that stabilize separating
structures (frames, bracing, and similar);
- Structural elements that support separating
structures (supporting beams, supporting walls, and similar);
- Joints thereof.
Fire-resistance ratings by loss of stability
(R) of structural elements that stabilize separating structures, structural
elements that support separating structures, and joints thereof must not be
lower than the required fire-resistance ratings of the separating structures.
Fire risks of fire protection assembly shall
be determined by fire risks of the separating structures together with those of
connecting parts and structural elements that stabilize the separating
structures.
2.3.3.3 Fire-resistance ratings and types of structural
elements working as fire protection assembly, respective opening protectives,
and fire protection vestibules are specified under Schedule 1.
2.3.3.4 Type 1 fire protection assembly must
have K0 fire risk level. In specific cases, K1 fire risk level is allowed in
type 2 through type 4 fire protection assembly.
2.3.3.5 Fire-resistance ratings of protectives
of openings of fire protection assembly are specified under Schedule 2.
Schedule 1 -
Fire-resistance ratings and types of structural elements working as fire
protection assembly, respective opening protectives, and fire protection
vestibules
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Types of fire
protection assembly
Fire-resistance
ratings of fire protection assembly
Types of
protectives of openings of fire protection assembly
Types of fire
protection vestibules
1. Fire-resistance-rated wall
1
REI 150
1
1
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REI 45
2
2
2. Fire-resistance-rated partition
1
EI 45
2
1
2
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3
2
3. Fire-resistance-rated partitions with
glass area exceeding 25% of partition area
1
EIW 45 1)
2
1
2
EIW 15 1)
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2
4. Fire-resistance-rated floors
1
REI 150
1
1
2
REI 60
2
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3
REI 45
2
1
4
REl 15
3
2
In regard to materials other than glass,
adopt EI parameters; in regard to glass sections, adopt EW parameters. Fire-resistance-rated
partitions that have been tested and qualified for EI parameters, including
the glass section, shall be considered to be qualified for EW parameters.
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Types of opening
protectives of fire protection assembly
Types of opening
protectives of fire protection assembly
Fire-resistance
rating
1. Doors (except for: doors with glass
sections exceeding 25% of door area; smoke-proof doors), hatches, fire
dampers 1), fire curtains
1
El 60
2
El 30
3
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2. Doors with glass sections exceeding 25%
of door area
1
EIW 60 2)
2
EIW 30 2)
3
EIW 15 2)
3. Hoistway doors (if required for
fire-resistance ratings)
2
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4. Windows
1
E 60
2
E 30
3
E 15
1) Fire-resistance ratings of fire dampers
are allowed to be rated for integrity (E) if these dampers are fitted inside
channels, ducts, and pipelines which are rated for both integrity and (E) and
insulation (I).
2) In regard to materials other than glass,
adopt EI parameters; in regard to glass sections, adopt EW parameters. Doors
that have been tested and qualified for EI parameters, including the glass
sections, shall be considered to be qualified for EW parameters
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NOTE: If the inside of fire protection
assembly is fitted with doors, hatches, dampers, windows, blinds or fire
protection vestibules where these protectives are located, the doors, fire
dampers, and fire protection vestibules must also have fire prevention capacity
appropriate to the type of fire protection assembly under Schedule 1.
Schedule 3 -
Requirements for parts of fire protection vestibules
Types of fire
protection vestibules
Types of parts of
fire protection vestibules
Partitions
Floors
Opening protectives
1
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2
2
2
4
3
2.4 Staircase and stairwell
2.4.1 Purpose of classification
Staircases and stairwells are classified in
order to determine their requirements pertaining to premise - spatial
arrangement and structural solutions and to establish requirements for using
them as means of egress for humans
2.4.2 Classification of staircase
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Type 1 - indoor staircase, positioned in a
stairwell;
Type 2 - indoor staircase, open;
Type 3 - outdoor staircase, open.
NOTE 1: “Open” means the staircase is not
enclosed in a stairwell.
NOTE 2: Illustrations pertaining to types of
staircases are depicted under Appendix I.
2.4.2.2 Fire escape stairs serving
firefighting and rescue purposes shall be classified into 2 types as follows:
- P1 - vertical ladder;
- P2 - stairs with rise to run ratio not
exceeding 6:1 (not exceeding 80o)
2.4.3 Classification of stairwell
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- Regular stairwell;
- Smokeproof stairwell
NOTE: Illustrations pertaining to types of
stairwells are depicted under Appendix I.
2.4.3.2 Regular stairwells shall be further
classified as follows:
- L1 - stairwell that receives natural
lighting via openings (either blank or fitted with glass) on the exterior walls
of each storey or does not receive natural lighting in case it is intended for exit
from semi-basements;
- L2 - stairwell that receives natural
lighting via openings (either blank or fitted with glass) on the roof.
2.4.3.3 Smokeproof stairwells shall be further
classified depending on smoke protection measures as follows:
- N1 - stairwell whose entry on each storey
travels through a buffer area along open passages (see part 3 for cases of N1
stairwells);
NOTE: N1 stairwell can be substituted by a
stairwell whose entry on each storey travels through a vestibule. Both
vestibules and stairwells must contain positive pressure in case of fire. The supply
of air into vestibules and stairwells must be independent of each other.
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- N3 - stairwell whose entry on each storey
travels through a fire protection vestibule which always has positive pressure
(pressure in the fire protection vestibule is greater than that outside of the
fire protection vestibule).
2.5 Buildings,
constructions, and fire compartments
2.5.1 Purpose of classification
The fire-related technical classification for
buildings, constructions, and fire compartments serve to establish fire safety
requirements for fire prevention and fire protection systems of buildings and
constructions depending on their occupancies (purposes) and fire risks.
2.5.2 Classification criteria
The fire-related technical classification for
buildings, constructions, and fire compartments shall take into account the
following criteria:
- Fire resistance category;
- Fire risk level of structures;
- Fire risk categories by function.
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2.5.3.1 Buildings, constructions, and fire
compartments shall be classified into 5 fire resistance categories of I, II,
III, IV, and V.
2.5.3.2 Establish fire resistance category of
buildings, constructions, and fire compartments
Fire resistance category of buildings,
constructions, and fire compartments is established on the basis of number of
storey (or fire height), fire risk category by functions, area of fire
compartment (see Appendix H) and fire risk of technology procedures that take
place in the buildings, constructions, and fire compartments.
2.5.3.3 The required fire-resistance rating of
structures must be selected to remain appropriate to fire resistance category
of buildings, constructions, and fire compartments. Unless otherwise stated
hereunder, the correspondence between fire resistance category of buildings,
constructions, fire compartments and fire-resistance ratings of their structures
shall conform to Schedule 4.
Schedule 4 -
Correspondence between fire resistance category of buildings, constructions, fire
compartments and fire-resistance ratings of their structural elements
Fire resistance category
of buildings, constructions, fire compartments
Fire-resistance
ratings of structural elements, no less than
Load bearing walls,
load bearing pillars, and other load bearing components
Non-load bearing exterior
walls
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Roof structures without
attics
Structural elements
of stairwell
Roof tiles
(including tiles with insulation)
Truss, beams, purlins
Inner wall
Stringer and
landings
I
R 120
E 30
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RE 30
R 30
REI 120
R 60
II
R 90
E 15
REI 45
RE 15
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REI 90
R 60
II
R 45
E 15
REI 45
RE 15
R 15
REI 60
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IV
R 15
E 15
REI 15
RE 15
R 15
REI 45
R 15
V
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NOTE 1: In buildings with fire resistance
categories I, II, and III, the floor and ceiling of basements, semi-basements
must be made from non-combustible materials and be rated for REI 90 at the
minimum. The floor of the first storey and the topmost storey must be made
from materials not lower than Ch1 in terms of combustibility. In buildings
with fire resistance categories of IV and V, the floor and ceiling of
basements, semi-basements must be made from materials not lower than Ch1 in
terms of combustibility and be rated for REI 45 at the minimum.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings of roof
tiles (including thermal insulation tiles) and purlins thereof (other than
buildings, fire compartments, and rooms placed under F3.1 or F3.2 fire risk
categories by functions, F5 fire risk category warehouses, manufacturing
facilities, and other buildings, rooms, fire compartments of class A, B, or
C) are not required if all of the following conditions are met:
The underside of the purlins are at least
6,1 m away from the floor directly below them;
Roof tiles and purlins are made from either
non-combustible materials or mildly flammable materials (Ch1).
NOTE 3: In regard to buildings (F1.3
buildings and multipurpose buildings) with 2 or 3 basements, load bearing structures
and structural elements in the basements must be rated for at least R 120.
NOTE 4: Floor of rooms where combustible
liquid is produced or preserved must be made from non-combustible materials.
NOTE 5: A part of the non-load bearing exterior
wall is not required to be subject to fire protection measures. The area that
is not required to be subject to fire protection measures shall be determined
in accordance with E.3, Appendix E.
NOTE 6: Fire-resistance ratings of non-load
bearing exterior wall are not required when all of the following conditions
are met:
- The entire building is equipped with
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with the TCVN 7336;
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- Non-load bearing exterior wall of the
building has K0 fire risk level. Finishing materials of exterior wall (if
any) are non-combustible materials or mildly flammable (Ch1) with no spread
capacity (LT1) or higher.
Load bearing walls, load bearing pillars, frames,
solid partitions, floor components between storeys and roof without attics
(such as beams, rafters, purlins, floor tiles, roof tiles) shall be considered
load bearing components of buildings if they can maintain general structure and
spatial stability of buildings in case of fire.
Information on the aforementioned load
bearing components of the buildings must be specified in the building’s
technical dossiers by designing entities.
Fire-resistance ratings and fire risk levels
are not required for roof structures and structural elements that contain attics
in buildings with all fire resistance categories. Fire-resistance ratings of
gable structures of attics are not required as long as fire risk level of the
gables must be equivalent to that of surrounding walls. Structural elements and
structures of roofs which contain attics must be instructed by the designing
entities in the building’s technical dossiers.
Fire-resistance ratings are not required for
opening protectives (doors, windows, hatches), skylights, light-transmitting
windows on the roof, and translucent roofing sheets except for protectives of
openings on fire protection assembly and otherwise mentioned cases.
If the minimum required fire-resistance
ratings of structural elements are R 15 (RE 15, REI 15), unprotected steel structures
are allowed for use if their fire-resistance rating is at least R 8 according
to tests or calculations, or if section factor Am/V is less than or
equal to 250 m-1.
NOTE: Section factor Am/V shall be
determined in accordance with the ISO 834-10 or equivalent standards
In N1 smokeproof stairwells, stringers and
landings rated for R 15 with fire risk level K0 are allowed for use.
Fire compartments shall be separated by type
1 fire-resistance-rated walls and/or type 1 fire-resistance-rated floors. A
vertical fire compartment can be divided by a mechanical floor which is
separated from adjacent storeys by type 2 fire-resistance-rated floors if
vertical continuity of type 1 fire-resistance-rated walls is not disrupted. Fire
compartments in buildings with fire resistance categories IV and V can be
separated by type 2 fire-resistance-rated walls.
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2.5.4.1 Buildings, constructions, and fire
compartments shall be classified into 4 fire risk levels of structures of S0,
S1, S2, and S3 depending on fire risks of structural elements.
2.5.4.2 Establish fire risk levels of structures
of buildings, constructions, and fire compartments
Fire risk levels of structures of buildings,
constructions, and fire compartments shall be determined by number of storeys,
fire risk categories by functions, fire compartment, and fire risks of
technology procedures that are adopted in the buildings, constructions, and fire
compartments.
2.5.4.3 Correspondence between fire risks
levels of structures of buildings and fire risk levels of structural elements
Fire risk levels of structural elements must
correspond to fire risk levels of structures of buildings, constructions, and fire
compartments. The correspondence between fire risk levels of structures of
buildings, constructions, fire compartments and the chosen fire risk levels of
their structural elements are specified under Schedule 5.
2.5.4.4 Fire risk levels are not required for
opening protectives located on enclosing structures of buildings (doors,
windows, hatches), skylights, and light-transmitting windows on the roof,
except for opening protectives in fire protection assembly.
NOTE: If fire-resistance ratings or fire risk
levels of structures cannot be determined via standard fire resistance test or
calculations when building members or member structures, fire resistance tests
must be carried out for parts of the structures in accordance with applied
standard documents.
Schedule 5 -
Correspondence between fire risk levels of structures of buildings,
constructions, fire compartments and fire risk levels of structural elements
Fire risk levels of
structures of buildings, constructions, and fire compartments
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Load bearing
elements (pillars, columns, beams, and similar)
Exterior walls
Walls, partitions,
floors separating storeys, and roofs without attics
Walls of
stairwells; fire protection assembly
Stringers and
landings in stairwells
S0
K0
K0
K0
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K0
S1
K1
K2
K1
K0
K0
S2
K3
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K2
K1
K1
S3
No regulations
K1
K3
2.5.5 Fire risk categories by functions of
buildings, constructions, fire compartments, and rooms
2.5.5.1 Buildings and parts thereof (fire
compartments, rooms or series of rooms with related occupancies) shall be
divided into fire risk categories by functions depending on their use, level of
threat to occupant’s safety in case of fire while taking into account age,
physical conditions, the possibility of sleeping occupants, people using the
primary occupancies of the buildings and number thereof. Fire risk categories
by functions are specified under Schedule 6.
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2.5.5.3 If a building which is placed under a
specific fire risk category by functions is allowed to contain rooms or series
of rooms which are placed under other fire risk categories by functions,
additional conditions according to design standards of specific building forms
and technical equipment must be strictly complied with in addition to this
Regulation.
Schedule 6 - Building
classification1) based on fire risk category by functions
Category
Purpose
Use properties
F1
Buildings for permanent or temporary
accommodation (including 24-hour stay)
Rooms in these buildings are used
regardless of time of day. Occupants may vary in age and physical conditions.
These buildings are characterized by the presence of sleeping units.
F1.1
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F1.2
Hotels, hostels, models, rented houses;
dorms, tenements, sleeping units of nursing, recovery, intensive care,
orthopaedic facilities, and other accommodation facilities with similar occupancies.
F1.3
Apartment buildings and buildings with
similar occupancies
F1.4
Detached houses, and buildings with similar
occupancies.
F2
Buildings of sports and cultural
establishments
Primary rooms of these buildings are
characterized by the large number of occupants in a definite amount of time.
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Theaters, cinemas, circuses, concert halls;
clubs, nightclubs, discotheques, bars, singing rooms, karaoke venues, and
other similar establishments in enclosed spaces, sports constructions with
bleachers, stadiums, indoor stadiums; libraries; convention centers, event
centers not including food and drink services, and other buildings with
similar occupancies and calculated number of seats for occupants in enclosed
spaces.
F2.2
Museums, exhibits; dance studios; building
blocks of recreational structures, aquariums, and buildings with similar occupancies.
F2.3
Buildings of establishments mentioned under
F2.1 but in the outdoors, recreational parks; and buildings with similar occupancies.
F2.4
Buildings of establishments mentioned under
F2.2 but in the outdoors.
F3
Buildings of commercial, trade, and
residential service establishments
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F3.1
Buildings of good retailers, goods
exhibits, fairs, shopping malls, electronic shopping malls, supermarkets,
department stores, convenient stores; bookstores; motorcycle, motor vehicle
retailers; and buildings with similar occupancies.
F3.2
Restaurants, food and drink establishments,
rest stops; convention centers and event centers that include food and drink
services; and buildings with similar occupancies.
F3.3
Railway stations, airports, cable car
terminals, ferry terminals, coach stations; and buildings with similar occupancies.
F3.4
(out-patient) medical examination and
treatment establishments for general medicine, specialized medicine, and
intensive care; out-patient wards of other medical establishments such as
medical stations, orthopaedic establishments, beauty centers, intensive care
centers; buildings of massage services; and buildings with similar occupancies
F3.5
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F3.6
Sports compounds and training grounds,
competition grounds without bleachers; service rooms; stadiums, race tracks,
shooting ranges; and buildings with similar occupancies.
F4
Education and training establishments, head
offices, science, research, and design organizations, presiding authorities
Rooms in these buildings are occupied in
certain time of day by a definite group of people who are accustomed to the
location and have determined age and physical conditions.
F4.1
Primary schools, lower secondary schools, multi-level
schools (not including preschools and kindergartens), upper secondary
schools, professional secondary schools, vocational education and training
establishments, training schools for teenagers operating in religion sector,
and buildings with similar occupancies.
F4.2
Universities, colleges, academies,
intermediate professional education, professional training schools,
engineering education establishments; training schools for people operating
in religion sector other those under F4.1; and buildings with similar occupancies.
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Head offices of presiding authorities and
state authorities of all levels, work places of office employees of
enterprises; head offices of political organizations, socio-political
organizations; head offices of socio-occupational organizations, public
service providers, enterprises, and other organizations, individuals; head
offices of religions; designing organizations, scientific research
organizations, seismic research stations, meteorology and hydrology stations,
space research facilities; communication organizations and publishing houses;
radio broadcasting organizations, television broadcasting organizations,
telecommunication organizations, communication device installation service
providers, banks, agencies, offices; and buildings with similar occupancies.
F4.4
Fire and rescue stations.
F5
Buildings, constructions, and rooms for
manufacturing, production, and storage
Rooms in these buildings are characterized
by constant presence of employees, including those working regardless of time
of day.
F5.1
Manufacturing facilities, manufacturing and
experimenting rooms, factories, repair and maintenance shops for motor
vehicles, motorcycles; and buildings with similar occupancies.
F5.2
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F5.3
Buildings serving agriculture and rural
development purposes.
1) This Schedule applies to buildings,
constructions, fire compartments, rooms or series of rooms whose occupancies
are related to one another.
2.5.6 Classification of buildings,
constructions, and rooms with manufacturing and storage occupancies by fire and
explosion risks
2.5.6.1 Purpose of classification
The classification of buildings, constructions,
and rooms with manufacturing and storage occupancies is implemented in order to
establish fire safety requirements, prevent the risk of fire, and ensure fire
protection for humans and properties in case of fire in the buildings,
constructions, and rooms.
2.5.6.2 Classification of rooms
2.5.6.2.1 By fire and explosion risks, rooms
with manufacturing and storage occupancies shall be classified as follows:
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- Fire and explosion risk (B);
- Fire risk (C1, C2, C3, and C4)
- Moderate fire risk (D);
- Low fire risk (E).
Rooms with manufacturing and storage occupancies
shall be elaborated under Appendix C.
2.5.6.2.2 Buildings, constructions, and rooms
with other occupancies shall not be classified by fire and explosion risks.
2.5.6.2.3 Fire and explosion risk classes of
rooms shall be determined on the basis of combustible substances and materials
present in the rooms, quantity and fire risk thereof, premise - spatial
solutions of the rooms, and characteristics of technology procedures that take
place in the rooms.
2.5.6.2.4 The classification of rooms by fire
and explosion risks shall be carried out by inspecting rooms for indicators of the
classes from (A) to (E) under Schedule C.1 of Appendix C.
2.5.6.3 Classification of buildings and
constructions
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2.5.6.3.2 Fire and explosion risk classes of
buildings and constructions shall be determined on the basis of percentage and
total area of rooms of certain fire and explosion risk classes in the buildings
and constructions.
2.5.6.3.3 The classification of buildings and
constructions is specified under Appendix C.
3 HUMAN SAFETY
ASSURANCE
3.1 General
provisions
3.1.1 The requirements in this section aim to
ensure:
- Timely and unobstructed evacuation of
humans;
- Rescue of people affected by fire hazards;
- Protection for people escaping via means of
egress from fire hazards.
3.1.2 Evacuation means the organized and voluntary
movement of people from rooms and areas where they are vulnerable to fire
hazards to the outside. Evacuation can also mean involuntary movement of people
with mobility impairment and is usually done by their caregivers. Evacuation is
done along means of egress via exit accesses.
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3.1.4 Human protection along means of egress must
be ensured by a combination of premise - spatial solutions, convenience,
structural, and organization solutions.
All means of egress accessible from a room
must ensure safe evacuation through exit accesses from that room without taking
into account smoke protection and fire extinguishing equipment present in this
room.
Protection for means of egress beyond the
room must be calculated in order to ensure safety for humans and must take into
account fire risk categories by functions of other rooms located on the exit
accesses, number of evacuating people, fire resistance categories and fire risk
levels of structures of buildings, number of exit accesses on a storey and in
the entire building.
Fire risks of construction materials on the
surface of the structures (finishing layers and tiles) in rooms and along means
of egress must be limited depending on fire risk categories by functions of the
buildings and rooms and other protective measures for exit accesses.
3.1.5 When designing exit accesses from rooms and
buildings, all rescue measures and equipment and exits that are not qualified
for exit access requirements under 3.2.1 must not be taken into account.
3.1.6 F5 rooms of class A or class B must not be
positioned below rooms with occupant load of more than 50 people and must not
be positioned in basements or semi-basements.
F1.1, F1.2, and F1.3 must not be positioned
in basements or semi-basements.
3.1.7 In regard to buildings with 2 to 3 basements,
smoking rooms, supermarkets, shopping malls, food and beverage vendors, and
other public spaces can be positioned lower than the first basement only when
additional fire safety measures according to applied standard documents are
adopted and approved by competent authorities in accordance with 1.1.10.
In regard to hospitals and high schools,
rooms serving primary occupancies must be positioned in the semi-basement or
the first basement (if there is no semi-basement) or higher. The first basement
means the highest basement or the basement that is adjacent to the
semi-basement.
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3.1.8 In order to ensure safe evacuation, early
fire detection and alarm are required.
3.1.9 In order to protect people evacuating, smoke
protection must be implemented to prevent smoke from infiltrating means of
egress of buildings and building sections.
Basic requirements for smoke protection systems
of buildings are specified under Appendix D.
3.1.10 All equipment of fire protection
system in buildings must be prioritized for electricity supply from 2
independent sources (a grid-connected source and a backup generator).
NOTE: Electrical appliances that have
separate backup power sources (such as diesel backup pumps, safety cabinets
with backup batteries) only requires the grid-connected source as long as the
backup power source can function normally in case of fire.
3.1.11 The effectiveness of human safety
assurance measures in case of fire can be evaluated via calculation.
3.2 Exit accesses and
fire exits
3.2.1 Exits are considered exit accesses if:
a) They lead from rooms on the first storey
to the outside:
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- Via corridors; or
- Via lobbies (or waiting areas); or
- Via staircases; or
- Via corridors and lobbies (or waiting areas);
or
- Via corridors and staircases.
b) They lead from rooms on any storey other
than the first storey to:
- Stairwell or type 3 staircases directly; or
- Corridors that lead directly to stairwells
or type 3 staircases; or
- Common rooms (or waiting areas) with exits
that lead directly to stairwells or type 3 staircases; or
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- Occupied roof or separate section of the
roof which leads to type 3 staircases.
c) They lead to adjacent rooms (other than F5
rooms of class A or class B) located on the same storey with exits as depicted
under 3.2.1 a) and b). Exits leading to rooms of class A or class B can be
considered exit accesses if they lead from mechanical rooms that are not
regularly occupied but used solely to support the aforementioned rooms of class
A and class B.
d) They lead to exits meeting requirements
under 3.2.2 and other exit accesses mentioned in this document.
NOTE: If type 3 staircases are used for exit
access, calculations pertaining to evacuation must be done accordance with
Appendix G.
3.2.2 Exits from basements and semi-basements are
considered exit accesses if they lead directly outside and are separated from
common stairwells of the buildings (see Figure I.1 of Appendix I).
The following exits are also considered exit
accesses:
a) Exits from basements that go outside
through common stairwells via separate walkways and are separated from the
remaining section of the stairwells by type 1 solid fire-resistance-rated
partitions (see Figure I.2 of Appendix I);
b) Exits from basements and semi-basements
where rooms of class C1 to class C4, class D, and class E are located which
lead into rooms of class C1 to class C4, class D, and class E and into lobbies
on the first storey of F5 buildings;
c) Exits from waiting areas, locker rooms,
smoking rooms, and toilets in basements or semi-basements of F2, F3, and F4
buildings that lead into lobbies on the first storey via separate type 2
staircases. If this is the case, the following requirements must be met:
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- Rooms on the first storey and storeys above
must have means of egress that do not travel through these lobbies (except for
rooms in the lobbies);
- Finishing materials of waiting areas,
locker rooms, smoking rooms, and toilets in basements or semi-basements must
fulfill requirements applicable to common rooms according to Appendix B;
Locker rooms must have enough exit accesses
according to this Regulation excluding the exit accesses along type 2 staircases
mentioned above.
d) Hinged doors for railway and road
transport vehicles.
Vestibules can be positioned on exit
discharges from buildings, basements, and semi-basements.
3.2.3 Exits are not considered exit accesses if sliding
doors, folding doors, roller shutters, or revolving doors are installed along
the way.
Hinged outswinging leaves fitted in the
aforementioned doors can be considered exit accesses if their design meets
regulations.
3.2.4 Quantity and width of exit accesses from
rooms, storeys, and buildings shall be determined by the largest number of
people possibly evacuating through them and the maximum permissible distance
from the furthest occupied areas (for domestic or work purposes) to the nearest
exit accesses.
NOTE 1: The largest number of people
evacuating from different spaces of buildings or building sections shall
conform to G.3 of Appendix G
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Building sections with different occupancies
and separated by fire protection assembly must have separate exit accesses,
except specific cases specified in this document.
Building sections with different occupancies
and separated into fire compartments by fire protection assembly must have
separate exit accesses from each storey. Up to 50% of total number of exit
accesses can lead to adjacent fire compartments (except for exit accesses that
lead to F5 fire compartments). F5 building sections must have separate exit
accesses.
3.2.5 The following rooms must have at least 2 exit
accesses:
a) F1.1 rooms with occupant load of more than
15 people;
b) Rooms in basements and semi-basements with
occupant load of more than 15 people; the case where rooms in basements and
semi-basements have occupant load ranging from 6 to 15 people, one of the 2 exit
accesses can be a fire exit according requirements of 3.2.13 d);
c) Rooms with occupant load of at least 50
people;
d) Rooms (other than F5 rooms) with occupant
load of less than 50 people (including bleachers and opera boxes) where the
maximum distance from occupied areas to exit accesses exceeds 25 m. If exit
accesses leading to the rooms in question are connected from adjacent rooms with
occupant load of more than 5 people, the maximum distance mentioned above must
include the travel length for people from the adjacent rooms as well.
e) Rooms and adjacent spaces whose exits only
lead to the rooms in question with occupant load of at least 50 people;
f) F5 rooms of class A or class B with more
than 5 people working in a shift at its peak, or class C with more than 25
people working in a shift at its peak or when the rooms are larger than 1 000 m2;
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If the rooms are required to have at least 2 exit
accesses, 50% of the number of exit accesses can lead to an adjacent room as
long as the adjacent room must also contain exit accesses compliant to this
Regulation and standard documents applicable to that room.
3.2.6 Number of exit accesses of storeys
3.2.6.1 The following storeys must have at
least 2 exit accesses:
a) Storeys of F1.1, F1.2, F2.1, F2.2, F3, and
F4 buildings;
b) Storeys with occupant load of at least 50
people;
c) Storeys of F1.3 buildings when total flat
area per storey exceeds 500 m2 (in case of single-stair buildings,
calculate the area on a storey of the single-stair building). If total flat
area on a storey does not exceed 500 m2 and there is only one exit
access from that storey, each flat located at a height above 15 m must
accommodate a fire exit in accordance with 3.2.13 in addition to the exit
accesses;
d) Storeys of F5 buildings, either class A or
class B when there are more than 5 people working in a shift or class C when
there are more than 25 people working in a shift;
e) Basements and semi-basements larger than
300 m2 or with occupant load of more than 15 people.
3.2.6.2 A single exit access is allowed in the
following cases (except for buildings with fire resistance category V):
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- In regard to buildings with fire height not
exceeding 15 m, area of the storey in question must not exceed 300 m2.
In regard to buildings with fire height from exceeding 15 m to 21 m, area of
the storey in question must not exceed 200 m2.
- The entire buildings are protected by
automatic sprinkler system;
- Each storey with occupant load not
exceeding 20 people;
- In regard to buildings with more than 3
storey or with fire height exceeding 9 m: equipped with type 2 fire-resistance-rated
doors on exit accesses of each storey that lead into exit access stairwells.
- In regard to buildings with 3 storeys or
less or with fire height not exceeding 9 m: type 2 stairwells can substitute
the aforementioned stairwells as long as building occupants can exit via open
balconies or open rooftop in case of fire (except for mansions, villas,
accommodations which are prescribed as below).
NOTE: Open balcony or open rooftop means the
balcony or rooftop is not enclosed and sheltering apparatus (if any) must
facilitate evacuation and rescue for the fire brigade.
In regard to mansions, villas, and
accommodations not taller than 3 storeys and of category F1.2, stairwells
mentioned above can be substituted by type 2 stairwells when all conditions
below are met:
- Each storey must not be larger than 200 m2,
fire height must not exceed 9 m, and total number of occupants must not exceed 15
people;
- Buildings have at least one exit access
that leads directly outside or into type 3 staircases;
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b) From mechanical floors or storage of
mechanical equipment which are not larger than 300 m2. If a storey
contains a mechanical area as mentioned above, every 2 000 m2
remaining must have at least 1 more exit access (if the remaining area is less
than 2 000 m2, at least 1 emergency area is required). If mechanical
floor or mechanical areas are located in the basements, their exits must be
separate from other exits and lead directly outside. If mechanical floors or
mechanical areas are located on above-ground storeys, exits can go through
common stairwells or N1 stairwells if the buildings contain N1 stairwells;
c) From storeys of F1.3 buildings where total
flat area (or total floor area in single-stair buildings) ranges from exceeding
500 m2 to 550 m2 and:
- When elevation of the topmost storey does
not exceed 28 m - exit accesses from that storey can lead into common
stairwells as long as addressable fire alarm is equipped;
- When elevation of the topmost storey
exceeds 28 m - exit accesses from that storey can lead to N1 smokeproof
stairwells as long as all rooms in flats (other than lavatories, bathrooms, and
auxiliary sections) must be equipped with addressable fire alarm or automatic
fire extinguishing system.
In regard to F1.3 buildings with fire height
ranging from exceed 28 m to 50 m and total flat area on each storey reaches 500
m2, N1 stairwells can be substituted with type 2 stairwells, when the
conditions below are met: 1) Entrances from all storeys that lead into
stairwells, including openings between stairwells and lobbies must be fitted
with fire protection vestibules which is maintained at positive pressure in
case of fire; 2) at least one elevator of the building is reserved for use by
the fire brigade; 3) All rooms in the flats (other than lavatories, bathrooms,
auxiliary sections) must be equipped with addressable fire alarm or automatic
fire extinguishing system; 4)The buildings are equipped with fire siren (can be
installed in common corridors).
NOTE: Flat area includes balcony and/or
loggia area.
d) From storeys (or sections of storeys
separated from other sections of the storeys by fire protection assembly) of
category F4.1 when all conditions below are met:
- The buildings' fire height does not exceed
9 m and area of the storeys in question does not exceed 300 m2;
- The storeys in question have single-loaded
corridors that lead into type 2 open staircases or stairwells and are led to
from F4.1 rooms.
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Number of exit accesses from a building must
not be lower than the number of exit accesses of any storey in the same
building.
3.2.8 If at least 2 exit accesses are required,
they must be distributed away from one another and the calculation of
evacuation potential of these exit accesses must assume that the fire has
denied access to one of the other exit accesses. The remaining exit accesses
must be able to ensure safe evacuation for all occupants in the rooms, on the
storeys, or in the buildings (see Figure I.3).
When a room, a building section, or a storey
requires at least 2 exit accesses, at least 2 of these exits must be
distributed away from one another. The distance between any 2 exit accesses
must be equal to or greater than half of the greatest diagonal of the room,
building section, or storey. This distance shall be measured by a straight line
connecting their closest sides (see Figures I.4 a), b), and c)).
If the entire building is protected by
automatic sprinkler system, this distance can be reduced down to 1/3 of the
greatest diagonal of the rooms above (see Figure I.4 d)).
If 2 exit stairwells are connected via a
corridor, the distance between 2 exit accesses (doors leading to the exit
stairwell) shall be measured along the corridor (see Figure I.5). This corridor
must be protected in accordance with 3.3.5.
3.2.9 Clearance height of exit access must not be lower
than 1,9 m while clear width must not be lower than:
- 1,2 m - from F1.1 rooms if the number of
evacuation people exceeds 15, rooms and buildings of other fire risk categories
by occupancies if the number of evacuating people exceeds 50, other than F1.3
category;
- 0,8 m - in all other cases.
Width of doors leading outside from
stairwells and doors leading into lobbies from stairwells must not be lower
than calculated value or stringer width specified under 3.4.1.
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If double doors are used on exit accesses,
width of exit accesses shall equal width of the open leaf and shall not include
width of the closed leaf or fixed leaf. Double doors must be fitted with self-closing
devices so that each leaf closes in sequence.
In buildings with fire height more than 28 m
(other than F1.3 and F1.4 buildings), exit access doorways from common
corridors of each storey, common lobbies, waiting areas, foyers, stairwells
(other than exit access doorways leading directly outside) must be fire-resistance-rated
doors with fire-resistance ratings of EI 30 or higher.
3.2.10 Doors of exit accesses and other doors
on means of egress must be outswinging doors.
The direction in which the doors swing is not
required in case of:
- F1.3 and F1.4 rooms;
- Rooms with occupant load not exceeding 15
people, other than rooms of class A or class B;
- Warehouse no larger than 200 m2
and not regularly occupied by employees;
- Restrooms;
- Entrances leading to landings of type 3
staircases.
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Doors of exit accesses from areas (either
rooms or corridors) that are protected by mechanical smoke protection system
must be solid doors fitted with self-closing devices and their clearance must
be tightly sealed. If these doors need to be left open during use, they must be
fitted with self-closing devices that close the doors automatically in case of
fire.
Doors on stairwells must be fitted with self-closing
devices and have their clearance tightly sealed. Doors of stairwells that open
directly outside are not required to be fitted with self-closing devices or
have their clearance tightly sealed. Except for specific cases, doors of
stairwells in buildings with fire resistance category I or II must be type 1 fire-resistance-rated
doors; doors of stairwells in buildings with fire resistance category III or IV
must be type 2 fire-resistance-rated doors; doors of stairwells in buildings
with fire resistance category V must be type 3 fire-resistance-rated doors.
Other than specific regulations, doors of exit
accesses leading from corridors to stairwells used by at least 4 storeys
(except for buildings for incarceration or correctional purposes) must ensure
the followings:
a) All electronic locks installed on doors
must automatically open on activation of the building’s automatic fire alarm
system. As soon as electricity is cut, these electronic locks must open;
b) Occupants using stairwells can always come
back inside via the doors they just go through or where reentry to the
buildings is permitted;
c) Reentry points must be designed following
the principle where doors are only allowed to deny reentry if all conditions
below are met:
- There are at least 2 storeys where
occupants can exit the stairwells to reach other exit accesses (i.e. reentry
must be allowed on at least 2 storeys);
- There are no more than 4 storeys between
storeys where occupants can exit the stairwells to reach other exit accesses;
- Reentry must be allowed on the topmost
storey or the storey immediately below the topmost storey which is served by exit
access stairwells if this storey allows access to another exit access;
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- Doors that do not allow reentry must be
marked on the stair side by signage which directs occupants to the nearest
points of reentry or the nearest exit accesses in both directions.
NOTE: Doors that do not allow reentry must be
marked on the corridor side (the other side of the stair side) by signage that
warns occupants that they cannot return through those doors.
3.2.12 Exits that do not qualify as exit
accesses can be considered fire exits in order to increase safety for humans in
case of fire. All fire exits, including those under 3.2.13, must not be
included when calculating fire evacuation.
3.2.13 In addition to cases mentioned under
3.2.12, fire exits also include:
a) Exit to balcony or loggia where a solid
wall with minimum clear width of 1,2 m from the edge of the balcony (or loggia)
to the window (or door fitted with glass) or 1,6 m between glass doors that
open to the balcony (or loggia) is located. Balconies or loggias must have
minimum width of 0,6 m, receive natural ventilation, and be separated from
adjacent rooms by partitions which stretch from floor to ceiling and contain
openings. The solid walls mentioned above can be replaced by glass walls with
minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 30 or EI 15 depending on fire-resistance
rating of exterior wall.
b) Exit to an open outside passage whose
width is at least 0,6 m and which leads to an adjacent fire subcompartment or fire
compartment. Sheltering structures/structural elements that obstruct human
movement are not allowed;
c) Exit to balcony or loggia which has
minimum width of 0,6 m and is equipped with external ladder which connects
balcony and loggia of each storey or balcony, loggia hatch which has minimum
dimension of 0,6 x 0,8 m and leads to lower balcony or loggia;
d) Outside exit from rooms which has finished
floor elevation not lower than negative 4,5 m and not higher than 5,0 m via
windows or doors which have minimum dimension of 0,75 m x 1,5 m or hatches,
trapdoors which have minimum dimension of 0,6 m x 0,8 m; in this case, this
exit must be equipped with ladder with any degree of slope;
e) Roof access of S0 and S1 buildings with
fire resistance categories I, II, and III via windows, doors, or hatches with
dimension and ladder as stated under d) of this Article.
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In regard to mechanical floors where
technical networks are installed (ductworks, pipelines, and similar
structures), fire exits can be facilitated via doors whose minimum dimension is
0,75 m x 1,5 m or via hatches whose minimum dimension is 0,6 m x 0,8 m and exit
accesses are not required.
In regard to mechanical floors located in
basements, these exits must be separate from other exits of the buildings and
must lead outside.
3.3 Means of egress
3.3.1 All means of egress must receive illumination
and direction in accordance with TCVN 3890.
3.3.2 Maximum permissible distance from the
furthest point of the room or from the furthest work station to the nearest exit
accesses which is measured along means of egress must be limited depending on:
- Fire risk categories by functions and fire
and explosion risk classes (see Appendix C) of rooms and buildings;
- Number of people evacuating;
- Geometry parameters of rooms and means of
egress;
- Fire risk levels of structures and fire
resistance categories of buildings.
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NOTE: Specific requirements pertaining to
maximum permissible distance from the furthest point to the nearest exit
accesses are prescribed under regulations applicable to each type of
construction. Some specific regulations applicable to common building types are
prescribed under Appendix G.
3.3.3 When designing and arranging means of egress,
requirements under 3.2.1 must be taken into account. Exit accesses must not
include elevators, escalators, and the followings:
- Passages that travel through inner
corridors from elevator shafts, through elevator lobbies and elevator
vestibules if enclosing structures of elevator shafts, including hoistway
doors, fail to meet requirements of fire protection assembly;
- Passages that travel through landings of
stairwells as well as passages that travel through rooms where type 2
stairwells are located and not used for evacuation purposes;
- Passages that travel along the roof, except
for occupied roofs or roof sections designed specifically for evacuation
purposes;
- Passages that travel along type 2
staircases which serve at least 3 storeys and lead from basements or
semi-basements, except for specific cases pertaining to evacuation along type 2
staircases stated under 3.2.1, 3.2.2, and 3.2.6.
3.3.4 Finishing materials, decorations of floors
and ceilings (including suspended ceilings if any), tiles and covering
materials of floors on means of egress must comply with requirements under Schedule
B.8 of Appendix B.
3.3.5 Corridors on exit accesses mentioned under
3.2.1, in addition to cases specifically mentioned in the Regulation, must not
contain: equipment projecting from the wall at a height below 2 m; pipelines
carrying combustible gas and combustible liquid and wall-mounted cabinets,
except for communication cabinets and standpipe cabinets.
Corridors, lobbies, and common rooms along
means of egress must be enclosed by appropriate fire protection assembly
according to regulations applicable to each type of construction. Fire
protection assembly enclosing means of egress of buildings with fire resistance
category I must be made of non-combustible materials with minimum
fire-resistance rating of EI 30 or in case of buildings with fire resistance
categories II, III, and IV, non-combustible or mildly flammable (Ch1) materials
with minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 15. In regard to buildings with fire
resistance category II and fire and explosion risk levels of D and E (see
Appendix C), corridors can be enclosed by glass walls. Doors that open into
corridors must be fire-resistance-rated doors with fire-resistance rating not
lower than fire-resistance rating of fire protection assembly.
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When door leaves open into corridors, width
of means of egress shall equal clean width of the corridors minus:
- Half the width of the widest open door
leaves - when the doors are situated on one side of the corridors;
The entire width of the widest open door
leaves - when the doors are situated on both sides of the corridors. This
requirement does not apply to corridors (common lobbies) between flat doors and
doors leading to stairwells in F1.3 single-stair buildings.
3.3.6 Clearance height of horizontal segments of
means of egress must not be less than 2 m, clear width of horizontal segments
of means of egress and ramp segments must not be less than:
- 1,2 m - for common corridors for evacuation
of more than 15 people from F1 rooms or more than 50 people from rooms of other
fire risk categories by functions.
- 0,7 m - for passages to individual work
station.
- 1,0 m - in all other cases.
In all circumstances, means of egress must be
wide enough and designed appropriately so that it does not obstruct transport
of occupied stretchers.
3.3.7 Changes of less than 45 cm in height or curbs
are not allowed on means of egress, except for door thresholds. Sections with
changes to height must be fitted with at least 3 steps of stair or made as slopes
with maximum rise to run ratio of 1:6 (a maximum rise of 10 cm over a run of 60
cm or the degree created by the slope and the horizontal surface not greater
than 9,5o).
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Except for cases mentioned under 3.4.4, spiral
staircases and curved staircases are not allowed on means of egress; steps with
varying rise height and tread depth are not allowed in the same stringer and
stairwell. Mirrors are not allowed on means of egress.
3.4 Staircases and
stairways on means of egress
3.4.1 Width of stringers for human evacuation,
including stringers in stairwells, must not be lower than calculated width or
width of any exit access doorways in the stairwells and must not be lower than:
- 1,35 m - for F1.1 buildings;
- 1,2 m - for buildings with occupant load on
any storey other than the first storey exceeding 200 people;
- 0,7 m - for staircases leading to
individual work stations;
- 0,9 m - for other cases.
3.4.2 Pitch (slope angle) of staircases on means of
egress must not be greater than 1:1 (45o); tread depth must not be
less than 25 cm except for outdoor stairs, rise height must not be greater than
22 cm and lower than 5 cm.
Pitch (slope angle) of open staircases that
lead to individual work stations can be increased to 2:1 (63,5°).
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Type 3 staircases must be made from
non-combustible materials (except for buildings with fire resistance category
V) and must be positioned next to solid sections (without windows or light-transmitting
openings) of walls with minimum fire risk level K1 and minimum fire-resistance
rating of REI 30 or EI 30 (fire-resistance rating of these solid wall sections
is not required in case of buildings with fire resistance category V). These
staircases must have landings located on the same elevation as exit accesses,
guardrails at a height of 1,2 m and no more than 1,0 m away from windows. Solid
sections of the walls can be replaced by glass walls with minimum fire-resistance
rating of EI 30. Fire-resistance rating is not required for doorways leading
from corridors into landings of type 3 staircases and from rooms which these
type 3 staircases serve exclusively.
Type 2 staircases must fulfill requirements
applicable to stringers and landings of stairwells.
3.4.3 Width of landings must not be lower than width
of stringers. Width of landings leading to elevators (the landings act as
elevator lobbies) in regard to hinged outswinging elevator doors must not be
less than the total width of stringers and half the width of elevator door
leaves and not lower than 1,6 m.
Intermediate landings of a straight stringers
must have minimum length of 1,0 m.
Calculated width of landings and stringers
must not be reduced by door leaves that open into the staircases.
3.4.4 Buildings placed in F4 fire risk category by
function are allowed to place curved staircases on means of egress when all
conditions below are met:
- Vertical rise of stairs does not exceed 9,0
m;
- Flight width conforms to regulations in
this document;
- The smallest radius is not less than twice
the flight width;
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- The smallest depth of winder treads
(measured at 270 mm away from the smaller end of the winder treads) is not
lower than 220 mm;
- Tread depth measured at the middle section
is not lower than 250 mm;
- The greatest depth of winder treads
(measured at 270 mm away from the larger end of the winder treads) is not
greater than 250 mm;
- The sum of twice the riser height and the
smallest depth of winder treads must not be lower than 480 mm; the sum of twice
the riser height and the greatest depth of winder treads must not be greater
than 800 mm.
3.4.5 Stairwells and vestibules (if any) must not
contain:
- Pipes carrying combustible gas or
combustible liquid;
- Wall-mounted cabinets, other than
communication cabinets and standpipe cabinets;
- Exposed cables and wires (other than
electrical wires for low voltage equipment and electrical wires for lighting of
corridors and stairwells);
- Exits from freight lifts and lifting
appliances;
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- Equipment protruding from wall surface
below 2,2 m in height from the surface of the steps and landings.
Spaces of exit access stairwells and fire
protection vestibules which receive positive pressure in case of fire must not
contain any occupancy.
3.4.6 In stairwells other than smokeproof
stairwells, no more than 2 passenger elevators are allowed if these elevators
do not descend past the first storey and enclosing structures of elevator
shafts are made from non-combustible materials.
If outdoor elevator shafts require enclosing
structures, these enclosing structures must be made from non-combustible
materials.
3.4.7 All stairwells, unless otherwise specified in
this Regulation, must contain exit discharges that lead to adjacent plots or
through entrance hall which is separated from adjoining corridors and rooms by
type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions with doors which are fitted with self-closing
devices and tightly sealed clearance.
If exit accesses from at least 2 stairwells
travel through a entrance hall, all stairwells other than one must contain exit
discharges other than doors to entrance halls. If only one stairwell leads into
a entrance hall, this stairwell must contain an exit discharge.
Exit accesses from 2 stairwells can travel
through entrance halls in buildings that have less than 28 m of fire height, no
more than 300 m2 of storey area, occupant load of each storey
compliant with approved design, and automatic fire extinguishing system
compliant with applicable regulations. The case where approved design does not
specify the occupant load of each storey, the occupant load can be calculated
by dividing floor area of a room, storey, or building by floor space factor (m2/person)
under Schedule G.9 and must not exceed 50 people.
In regard to passenger terminals and large
lobbies with similar occupancies, if exits from stairwells (or corridors) lead
into common passenger lounges which contain exit discharges, exits to open
overpass, or to terminal platforms, exits from 50% of those stairwells (or
corridors) can be considered exit accesses.
N1 stairwells must contain exit discharges.
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a) In case of natural lighting:
Other than L2 stairwells, lighting can be
provided via light-transmitting openings no smaller than 1,2 m2 on
exterior wall of each storey.
L2 staircases must contain skylights no
smaller than 4 m2 and clearance between 2 flights of stairs no
smaller than 0,7 m or light-transmitting openings throughout the height of the
stairwells with cross section no smaller than 2 m2.
Up to 50 % of stairwells without
light-transmitting openings can be used for evacuation in the following cases:
- F2, F3, and F4 buildings: N2 or N3
stairwells which contain positive pressure in case of fire;
- F5 buildings of class C with up to 28 m in
fire height, or class D and class E regardless of fire height: N3 stairwells
which contain positive pressure in case of fire.
d) In case of artificial lighting:
If light-transmitting openings cannot be
installed in accordance with section a) of 3.4.8, exit access stairwells must
be smokeproof stairwells, fitted with artificial lighting equipment which is
powered in accordance with note section of 3.4.13 following the principle where
power source for lighting equipment must be maintained in case of fire and
light provided must be sufficient to facilitate evacuation without impairing
visibility.
3.4.9 Smoke protection for N2 and N3 stairwells
must conform to Appendix D. If necessary, N2 stairwells must be divided into subcompartments
longitudinally by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and passages between subcompartments
must be located outside of the stairwells.
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Vestibules of N3 stairwells must not be
smaller than 3,0 m2 or not be smaller than 6,0 m2 if the
vestibules simultaneously act as fire service elevator lobbies.
3.4.10 Smokeproof capability of smokeproof
vestibules which lead into N1 smokeproof vestibules must receive natural
ventilation together with appropriate structural solutions and premise -
spatial arrangement. Cases deemed appropriate are:
NOTE: Arrangements of smokeproof vestibules
leading into N1 stairwells are depicted under I.3.2 (Appendix I).
a) Smokeproof vestibules must be open,
connected to the exterior, usually positioned in corners of the buildings, and
meet the following requirements (see Figure I.7):
- When a part of exterior walls adjoins
another wall creating an angle lower than 135o, the horizontal
clearance from the nearest doorways to the vertex of the angle must not be less
than 4 m; this distance can be lowered to match the protrusion length of
exterior wall. This requirement does not apply to walkways or where the created
angle exceeds or equals 135o, or the protrusion of exterior wall
that does not exceed 1,2 m;
Width of wall segment between doorways of
smokeproof vestibules and the nearest windows must not be lower than 2 m;
Walkways must not be narrower than 1,2 m;
guardrails must be located at a height of 1,2 m; width of wall segments between
doorways in smokeproof vestibules must not be lower than 1,2 m.
NOTE: Similar cases are depicted under
Appendix I, Figures I.8 a), b), and c)
b) Smokeproof vestibules that travel along
single-loaded corridors (see Figures I.8 h), i), and k)) shall receive natural
lighting and ventilation via openings that open to and adjoin any of the following
spaces:
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- A public way or street or other public
space unobstructed to the sky;
- A vertical ventilation shafts whose width
is not lower than 6 m and clearance area is not lower than 93 m2;
c) Smokeproof vestibules that travel through
a smoke protected lobby which is not smaller than 6 m2 where each
dimension is not less than 2 m and is separated from adjacent sections of the
buildings by type 2 fire-resistance-rated walls. Doors must be fitted with self-closing
devices and tightly sealed clearance. Smoke protected lobbies must not obstruct
human evacuation. Smokeproof capability of smoke protected lobbies must be
provided by any of the following measures:
- Air vents no smaller than 15% of floor area
of smoke protected lobbies and no more than 9 m away from any section of the
lobbies. These air vents must be connected to a vertical shaft or a vertical
clearance along the building’s height. The vertical shaft or vertical clearance
must have minimum width of 6 m and minimum clear area of 93 m2.
Walls of the shaft must be able to resist fire for at least 1 hour; the shaft must
contain no openings other than the air vents of smoke protected lobbies, exit
stairwells, and lavatories (see Figures I.8 d), e), and f));
- Cross ventilation where fixed air vents are
located on 2 exterior walls. Air vents on each exterior wall must not be
smaller than 50% of clear area of the opposing exterior wall. Distance from any
point of the corridor to an air vent must not be greater than 13 m (see Figure
I.8 g)).
3.4.11 L1 stairwells and type 3 staircases
are allowed in buildings with all fire risk categories by functions with up to
28 m in fire height. If this is the case in F5 buildings of class A or class B,
exits to corridors from class A or class B rooms must travel through vestibules
containing positive pressure at all time.
3.4.12 L2 stairwells are allowed in buildings
with I, II, and III fire resistance category with S0 and S1 fire risk level of
structures, F1, F2, F3, F4 fire risk category by functions, and up to 9 m in
fire height. This fire height can be increased to 12 m (except for in-patient
medical facilities) as long as light-transmitting openings open automatically
in case of fire. The number of L2 stairwells must not exceed 50% of total
number of stairwells (other than F1.3 and F1.4 buildings). The remaining
stairwells must contain light-transmitting openings on exterior wall of each
storey.
When building L2 stairwells, each flat of a
F1.3 point access building located at a height above 4 m must be provided with
a fire exit in accordance with 3.2.13.
3.4.13 In buildings with more than 28 m of
fire height (other than F5 buildings of class C and class E that are not
regularly occupied) and F5 buildings of class A or class B, N1 smokeproof
stairwells are required.
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NOTE: N1 stairwells can be substituted in
accordance with 2.5.1c) as long as the system that supplies vestibules and
stairwells with outside air must be powered by 2 independent sources (a
grid-connected source and a backup generator) in order to maintain stable
operation of the system in case of fire.
Allow:
a) Up to 50% of total number of stairwells in
F1, F2, F3, or F4 buildings as N3 or N2 stairwells where entry to these
stairwells travels through vestibules which have similar enclosing solutions as
type 1 fire protection vestibules (meaning positive pressure is not required in
these vestibules as long as enclosing structures must have similar
fire-resistance ratings as type 1 fire protection vestibules);
b) Evacuation from basements of a building
with at least 2 basements to be implemented along N3 or N2 stairwells whose
entry travels through vestibules which have similar enclosing structures to
type 1 fire protection vestibules;
c) The following smokeproof stairwells
instead of N1 stairwells in F5 buildings:
- In regard to class A or class B buildings -
N2 or N3 stairwells which are maintained at positive pressure at all time;
- In regard to class C buildings - N2 or N3
stairwells which are maintained at positive pressure in case of fire;
- In regard to class D or class E buildings -
N2 or N3 stairwells which are maintained at positive pressure in case of fire
or L1 stairwells if the stairwells are divided into subcompartments by solid fire-resistance-rated
partitions every 20 m in height and passages from one subcompartment to another
subcompartment must be located outside of the stairwells.
3.4.14 In buildings where smokeproof
stairwells are located, smoke protection must be implemented for all common
corridors, lobbies, common spaces, and waiting areas.
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In F3.1 and F3.2 buildings, the
aforementioned stairs are also allowed in regardless of the existence of entrance
halls.
3.4.16 In buildings with up to 28 m in fire
height, F1.2, F2, F3, F4 fire risk categories by functions, I and II fire
resistance categories and S0 fire risk level of structures, type 2 stairwells
are allowed to connect at least 2 storeys if exit access stairwells meet
requirements under standard documents and those under 4.27. Type 2 stairwells
connecting at least 3 storeys are not allowed to be calculated, considered, or
used as means of egress in case of fire, except for cases under 3.2.1, 3.2.2,
and 3.2.6.
3.4.17 Escalators must be positioned in
accordance with requirements applicable to type 2 staircases.
3.5 Fire safety
requirements for construction materials
3.5.1 Construction materials shall be utilized
depending on occupancies and fire risk levels thereof.
3.5.2 Fire safety requirements pertaining to the
application of construction materials in buildings shall correspond to fire
risk levels of construction materials under Schedule B.7 (Appendix B).
3.5.3 The use of finishes - decorations, tiles, and
flooring materials on means of egress must conform to requirements under 3.3.4
whereas the use thereof in common rooms (other than flooring materials in
sports competition surfaces and floors of dancing rooms) shall conform to
Schedule B.9 (Appendix B).
3.5.4 Rooms of F5 buildings with class A or class B
or class C1 where combustible liquid is used or preserved must have flooring
materials with maximum fire risk level of CV1.
3.5.5 Locker rooms of F2.1 buildings are not
allowed to use wall, ceiling, dropped ceiling finishes or tiles with fire risk
levels lower than CV1, or flooring materials with fire risk levels lower than
CV2.
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3.5.7 In exhibition occupancies of museums,
galleries, and F2.2 rooms with similar nature, wall, ceiling, and dropped
ceiling finishes with fire risk level higher than CV2 are not allowed; flooring
materials with fire risk level higher than CV3 are not allowed.
3.5.8 In mercantile occupancies of F3.1 buildings,
wall, ceiling, and dropped ceiling finishes with fire risk level higher than
CV2 are not allowed; flooring materials with fire risk level higher than CV3
are not allowed.
3.5.9 In waiting areas of F3.3 buildings, wall,
ceiling, dropped ceiling finishes, and flooring materials are required to have
fire risk level of CV0.
3.5.10 Fire safety requirements for finishes
- decorations, tiles, flooring materials, and testing criteria corresponding to
standard documents are allowed as substitution for requirements under 3.5.1
through 3.5.9 and Appendix B, other than requirements under A.4.
4 FLAME SPREAD
PREVENTION
4.1 Flame spread prevention shall be implemented
by limiting burning area, fire intensity, and fire duration. To be specific:
- Using structural solutions and premise -
spatial arrangement to prevent the spread of fire hazards in a room, between
rooms, between rooms with different fire risk categories by functions, between
storeys, between single-stair buildings, and between buildings.
- Limiting fire and explosion risks related
to technology in rooms and buildings;
- Limiting fire risk classes of construction
materials used on exterior of building structures, including: roofs; finishes
of exterior walls, rooms, and means of egress;
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- Installing fire detectors and fire alarms.
NOTE: Regulations on fire separation distance
between houses, public buildings, and manufacturing facilities are specified
under Appendix E. Separation distance between combustible liquid storage, open
above-ground storage of combustible substances, LPG tanks (LPG stands for Liquefied
Petroleum gas), and combustible gas tanks to other constructions must conform
to field-specific regulations and standards.
4.2 Apartment buildings, dorms, public buildings,
manufacturing facilities, and storage facilities must meet fire prevention and
fire protection requirements of this Regulation and standards designed
specifically for the apartment buildings, dorms, public buildings,
manufacturing facilities, and storage facilities. However, the number of
storeys (which translates to maximum permissible fire height of buildings), fire
compartment, and the highest storey allowed for conference rooms, lecture
halls, meeting rooms, sports quarters, and rooms with similar occupancies must
conform to Appendix H.
4.3 Building sections (rooms, fire emergency
holding areas, mechanical floors, basements, semi-basements, and other building
sections) where firefighting operations are difficult, additional equipment is
required to limit burning area, fire intensity, and fire duration.
4.4 The effectiveness of solutions for preventing
flame spread can be evaluated by economic - technical calculations which are
based on requirements under 1.5.1 for limiting direct and indirect fire damage.
4.5 Building sections and rooms with different
fire risk categories by functions must be separated from one another by
separating components with fire-resistance category and fire risk levels of
structures or by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and/or type 3 fire-resistance-rated
floors, unless otherwise specified in this Regulation or field-specific
regulations and standards. In this case, the requirements for separating
components and fire protection assemblies shall include fire risk categories by
functions of rooms, fire loads, fire resistance categories, and fire risk
levels of structures.
In regard to a storey that serves at least 2 occupancies,
if one of those occupancies is a primary occupancy and occupies at least 90% of
the storey floor area and remaining occupancies supports the primary occupancy,
areas with different fire risk categories by functions are not required to be
separated by fire protection assemblies. In this case, the entire storey must
comply with fire safety requirements corresponding to fire risk category of the
primary occupancy. This regulation does not apply to cases where fire and
explosion risk classes of rooms with supporting occupancies are higher than
those of rooms with primary occupancies.
NOTE: Specific requirements for F1.3
buildings:
a) Walls and partitions between single-stair
buildings; walls and partitions between common corridors (outside of flats) and
other rooms must have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 30;
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c) Rooms with public occupancies must be
separated from dwelling units by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and
type 3 fire-resistance-rated floors, or type 2 fire-resistance-rated floors in
buildings with fire resistance category I.
4.6 When a building has multiple sections with
different fire risk categories by functions which have been separated by fire
protection assemblies, each section must meet fire safety requirements
applicable to buildings with similar fire risk category by functions.
Fire prevention and fire protection system of
the building must be selected as follows: when building sections have different
fire risk categories by functions, fire resistance category of the building can
exceed fire resistance category by function of any building section.
4.7 In regard to F5 buildings, if the technology
permits, rooms of class A and class B must be positioned close to the exterior
wall or on upper storeys in case of multistorey buildings.
4.8 In regard to basements and semi-basements,
rooms of class A and class B are not allowed unless otherwise specified.
4.9 Structural elements must not facilitate the
spread of deep-seated fire.
NOTE: In regard to F1.3 buildings or sections
thereof, balconies of loggias and balconies of the third storey or higher must
be made from non-combustible materials
4.10 Fire resistance capability of components
connecting structural elements must not be lower than fire resistance
capability of the structural elements.
4.11 Structures creating slope floors in
auditorium must meet fire-resistance rating and fire risk level requirements in
accordance with Schedule 4 and Schedule 5 applicable to floors.
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4.13 Fire-retardant coatings or impregnation
layers applied to exposed surfaces of structures must meet requirements
applicable to finishing of the structures.
Technical documents of coatings or
impregnation layers must dictate the frequency in which they are reapplied or
restored depending on conditions of use.
For the purpose of increasing fire-resistance
rating or reducing fire risk level of structures, fire-retardant layers are not
allowed in positions where they cannot be reapplied or restored on a periodic
basis.
4.14 The effectiveness of fire-retardant
substances (materials) in reducing fire risk levels of materials must be
evaluated via tests in order to determine fire risk classes of construction
materials as stated under Part 2.
The effectiveness of fire-retardant
substances (materials) in increasing fire resistance capability of structures
must be evaluated via tests in order to determine fire-resistance rating of
structures as stated under Part 2.
4.15 Fire-resistance-rated partitions installed in
rooms with dropped ceilings must also separate the plenum spaces. Channels and
ducts carrying combustible substances in gas form, gas-vapour mix, liquid, and
combustible materials are not allowed in the plenum spaces.
Dropped ceilings are not allowed in rooms of
class A or class B.
If dropped ceilings are employed for the
purpose of increasing fire-resistance ratings of floors of common storeys and
floors of topmost storey, the dropped ceilings must fulfill fire risk-related
requirements applicable to these floors of common storeys and floors of topmost
storey.
4.16 In areas where fire protection assemblies
meet enclosing structures of the buildings, including areas where the shape of
the buildings changes, measures must be taken to prevent fire from spreading
through these fire protection assemblies.
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4.18 Openings on fire protection assemblies must
be sealed in case of fire.
Windows on fire protection assemblies must be
fixed windows whereas doors, hatches, and dampers must be fitted with
self-closing devices and have their clearance tightly sealed. If doors,
hatches, and dampers are required to be left open when used, they must be
fitted with devices that close the doors, hatches, or dampers in case of fire.
4.19 Total area of openings in fire protection
assemblies, other than enclosing structures of elevator shafts, must not exceed
25% of area of the fire protection assemblies. Total area of openings is not
limited if fire-resistance rating of opening protectives are not lower than
fire-resistance rating of fire protection assemblies (other than type 1
fire-resistance-rated walls). Opening protectives in fire protection assemblies
must meet requirements under 2.3.3 and requirements of Part 4.
Vestibules maintained at positive pressure
must be fitted to doors of fire protection assemblies which separate rooms of
class A or class B with rooms of classes other than A and B, corridors,
stairwells, and elevator lobbies in accordance with Appendix D. 2 or more rooms
of the same class A or class B are not allowed to use the same vestibule.
4.20 If fire protection vestibules cannot be
fitted in fire protection assemblies which separate rooms of class A or class B
from other rooms or when doors, hatches, and dampers cannot be fitted in fire
protection assemblies which separate rooms of class C from other rooms, a
combination of solutions is required to prevent flame spread and infiltration
of ignitable gas, vapor, liquid vapor, combustion droplets which can present an
explosion threat in the right concentration into adjacent rooms and storeys. The
effectiveness of the solutions must be proven.
If openings of fire protection assemblies
between rooms of class C, class D, and class E cannot be protected by
fire-resistance-rated doors, open vestibules equipped with automatic
extinguishing systems are allowed. Enclosing structures of these vestibules
must be suitable fire-resistant enclosing structures.
4.21 Fire-resistance-rated doors and fire dampers
in fire protection assemblies must be made from non-combustible materials.
Fire-resistance-rated doors, hatches, and
fire dampers are allowed to be made from materials rated with combustibility
not lower than Ch3 and protected by at least 4 mm of non-combustible materials.
If doors of fire protection vestibules,
fire-resistance-rated doors, and hatches in fire protection assemblies face
rooms that are not used for the purpose of preserving or using combustible gas,
combustible liquid, or combustible materials or implementing technology
procedures which contribute to the creation of combustible dust, these doors
are allowed to be made from Ch3 materials with minimum thickness of 40 mm and
with no voids.
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In regard to channels, ducts, and pipes
carrying the substances and materials other than the aforementioned kinds,
areas where the channels, ducts, and pipes penetrate the fire protection
assemblies must be fitted with devices that automatically prevent the spread of
combustion production along these channels, ducts, and pipes.
NOTE: Ventilation ducts and smoke ducts are
allowed in fire-resistance-rated walls of houses, public buildings, and
auxiliary buildings if the minimum thickness of fire-resistance-rated walls
(excluding duct cross-sectional area) is not lower than 25 cm while the
thickness of the segments separating smoke ducts and ventilation ducts is not
lower than 12 cm.
NOTE: Openings of fire protection assemblies
where water pipes penetrate must be treated in accordance with 4.12.
4.23 Enclosing structures of elevator shafts
(other than shafts mentioned under 3.4.6), elevator machine rooms (other than
those on the roof), technical channels, ducts, and cabinets must meet
requirements applicable to type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and type 3
fire-resistance-rated floors. Fire-resistance ratings of enclosing structures
between elevator shafts and elevator machine rooms are not prescribed.
If fire-resistance-rated doors cannot be
fitted in the aforementioned enclosing structures of elevator shafts, vestibules
or lobbies must be installed and fitted with type 1 fire-resistance-rated
partitions and type 3 fire-resistance-rated floors or automatic shutters which
activate in case of fire. These shutters must be made from non-combustible
materials and rated for at least E 30.
In regard to buildings fitted with smokeproof
stairwells, automatic smoke protection solutions must be implemented for elevator
shafts whose exits are not protected by fire protection vestibules which are maintained
at positive pressure in case of fire.
4.24 Rubbish terminal rooms, rubbish chutes, and
rubbish intake doors must be designed and installed in accordance with
standards and technical regulations applied specifically to these apparatus and
the following requirements:
- Rubbish chutes and terminal rooms must be
isolated from other sections of the buildings by fire protection assemblies;
rubbish intake doors on each storey must be accompanied by
fire-resistance-rated doors fitted with self-closing devices;
- Rubbish chutes must be made from
non-combustible materials;
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- Rooms where rubbish chutes are located or
rubbish terminal rooms must be entered from a clear exterior space or through a
fire protection vestibule that is regularly ventilated;
- Entrances to rubbish terminal rooms must
not be adjacent to exit accesses or exit access doorways of the buildings or
fixed to windows of houses.
4.25 Depending on the technology involved,
separate staircases are allowed for the purpose of travel between basements or
semi-basements with the first storey.
These staircases must be enclosed by type 1 fire-resistance-rated
partitions and fire protection vestibules which are maintained at positive
pressure in case of fire.
The installation of fire protection
vestibules as mentioned above is optional in regard to staircases of F5
buildings that lead from rooms of class C4, class D, or class E in the
basements or semi-basements to rooms of the same class on the first storey.
These staircases shall not be included for
the purpose of calculating evacuation, except for cases under 3.2.1.
4.26 When installing type 2 staircases from lobby
of the first storey to the second storey, this lobby must be separated from
adjacent corridors and rooms by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions.
4.27 Rooms where type 2 stairwells are located in
accordance with 3.4.16 must be separated from connecting corridors and other
rooms by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions. The rooms where type 2
stairwells are located are not required to be separated by
fire-resistance-rated partitions when:
- The entire building is protected by
automatic extinguishing system;
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4.28 In regard to basements or semi-basements,
entrances to elevators must be accompanied by type 1 fire protection vestibules
which are maintained at positive pressure in case of fire.
4.29 The selection of building dimensions and fire
compartment dimension and fire separation distance must rely on fire resistance
categories, fire risk levels of structures, fire risk categories by functions,
and fire loads and include effectiveness of fire prevention and fire protection
equipment employed, presence, position, and level of equipment of fire brigade,
possible economic and ecosystem consequences led to by the fire.
4.30 During operation, all fire prevention and
protection equipment must be able to operate as intended.
4.31 The installation of automatic fire alarm and
fire extinguishing system must conform to TCVN 3890.
4.32 Prevention of horizontal flame spread on the
façade
4.32.1 Type 1 fire-resistance-rated walls
must separate exterior walls with fire risk levels K1, K2, K3 and must protrude
from the exterior wall surface by at least 30 cm.
Separation of the exterior walls is not
required if the exterior walls have K0 fire risk level or type 1
fire-resistance-rated walls adjoin exterior wall vertically (creating vertical
fire-resistant barrier) and have minimum width of 1,2 m, minimum
fire-resistance rating of E 60, and fire risk level of K0.
If type 2 fire-resistance-rated walls and
type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions adjoin exterior walls, they must
connect to vertical fire-resistant barriers, have minimum width of 1 m, and
fire-resistance rating conforming to Schedule 4 or Schedule A.1 depending on
the building’s height. Type 2 fire-resistance-rated partitions must connect to
solid exterior walls vertically, have minimum width of 1 m and fire-resistance
rating conforming to Schedule 4 or Schedule A.1 depending on the building’s
height.
4.32.2 Requirements under 4.32.1 are not
required if the requirements under NOTE 6 (Schedule 4) or NOTE 2 (Schedule A.1)
depending on the building’s height.
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4.33.1 If exterior walls have openings that
are not fitted with fire-resistance-rated doors or contain sections with
non-compliant fire-resistance ratings, areas where exterior walls connect to
floors between storeys (fire-resistance barriers between storeys) must be
designed appropriately in order to prevent vertical flame spread. Fire-resistance
barriers between storeys must be designed to meet any of the following
regulations:
a) Exterior wall segments that connect to
floors between storeys (wall segments between windows of the lower storey and
the windows of the upper storey or between wall segments that are protected via
any fire protection measures of the lower and upper storeys) must be solid
walls, made from non-combustible materials, and have minimum height of 1,0 m;
b) Door awning must be made from
non-combustible materials, have minimum width (measured from the surface of
exterior walls) of 0,6 m, and have minimum fire-resistance rating not lower
than the required fire-resistance rating of exterior wall;
c) Exterior wall segments connect to floors
between storeys by tempered glass, have minimum width of 6 mm, are equipped
with sprinklers which are associated with automatic fire extinguishing
equipment and positioned no more than 2 m away from any other sprinkler
starting from rooms (corridors) adjoining exterior walls and no more than 0,5 m
away from the inner surface of exterior walls.
NOTE 1: Fire-resistance rating requirements
(if any) of components along fire-resistant barriers shall conform to Schedule
4 or Schedule A.1 depending on the building’s height. Vertical separating
elements must be able to maintain integrity (E); joints or opening protectives
must be able to maintain integrity (E) and insulation (I); fixed connecting
elements must be able to maintain load bearing capacity (R).
NOTE 2: The requirements above do not apply
to exit accesses and doors of loggias and balconies whose platform is more than
0,6 m in length.
4.33.2 Fire-resistance ratings of structures
of exterior walls fitted with light-transmitting glass must meet requirements
applicable to non-load bearing exterior walls and requirements mentioned under
4.32, 4.33.
4.33.3 When a part of exterior wall connects
to another part of the wall to create an angle lower than 135o and
the horizontal distance between the nearest edges of openings in all direction from
the angle is less than 4m, openings on the wall part in question must be fitted
with fire-resistance-rated doors with minimum fire-resistance rating of E 30 or
equipped with sprinkler system.
4.33.4 Regulations under 4.33.1 through
4.33.3 are not required in regard to buildings with 3 storeys or less or fire
height under 15 m and open above-ground garages or buildings that meet all
requirements under NOTE 6 (Schedule 4) or NOTE 2 (Schedule A.1) depending on
the building’s height.
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Fire separation distance between buildings
(E.1 and E.2 under Appendix E) and fire separation distance by boundaries (E.3
under Appendix E) must correspond to area of openings that are not protected by
fire protection measures; fire-resistance rating of the wall segments must be
able to maintain fire protection capacity.
4.35 Prevention of flame spread for atriums
The design and placement of open staircases,
escalators, moving walkways, glass elevators, similar appliances, and rooms
with openings leading to single-loaded corridors in buildings, building
complexes, atrium and atriums must fulfill the following requirements:
a) Atriums must be positioned within a fire
compartment, openings on storeys connecting to the atriums must allow the
placement of escalators, open staircases, and elevators (including glass
elevators);
b) Surrounding structures of rooms and
corridors that adjoin atriums must have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI
(EIW) 60 or be made of tempered glass with minimum thickness of 6 mm, be rated
for fire-resistance rating of any types, and fitted with sprinklers which are
associated with automatic extinguishing system, placed from adjacent rooms
(corridors), no more than 2 m away from another sprinkler, and no more than 0,5
m away from partitions;
c) Openings leading to atriums, including
openings of escalators and rooms on single-loaded corridors fitted with smoke
partitions which have minimum fire-resistance rating of E 45, are dropped down
in case of fire, and powered by automatic and remote control scheme, or fitted
with fixed smoke partitions. Descending height of smoke partitions must not be
lower than the thickness of the smoke in case of fire. Thickness of the smoke
shall be determined via calculations during design. In this case, the base of the
smoke layer must not be lower than 2,5 m above the floor surface;
d) Storey area within a fire compartment
where an atrium is located shall be determined by the sum of area of the
bottommost storey of the atrium and area of single-loaded corridors, walkways,
and rooms on upper storeys, within the volume of the atrium, and confined by
type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions. If type 1 fire-resistance-rated
partitions are not available and/or the atrium is not physically separated from
adjoining rooms, fire compartment shall equal total area of relevant storeys;
e) Natural smoke extraction system is allowed
in atriums if appropriate evaluation and calculation are present;
f) Light-transmitting panels of atriums must
be made from non-combustible materials. In this case, these panel structures
must be made from safety wired glass (to prevent injury). Materials which have
combustibility not higher than Ch1 and do not create flaming droplets are
allowed for the purpose of light-transmitting panels;
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5 WATER SUPPLY FOR
FIREFIGHTING
5.1 Water supply for
outdoor firefighting
5.1.1 Fire safety requirements pertaining to water
supply for outdoor firefighting
5.1.1.1 The installation of water supply for outdoor
firefighting shall conform to TCVN 3890 and other superseding standard
documents.
5.1.1.2 Water quality of sources of water
supply for firefighting must fit operating conditions of firefighting equipment
and fire control methods.
5.1.1.3 Water pipe network for firefighting is
usually a low pressure network. If high pressure is sustained in the network,
calculations must be made to ensure working pressure of the network. In case of
high pressure pipe network, fire pumps must be equipped in order to operate
within 5 minutes of fire alarm activation.
5.1.1.4 Minimum pressure in low-pressure water
pipe network for firefighting (located above ground) must not be lower than 10
m. Minimum pressure in high-pressure water pipe network for firefighting must
be sufficient to guarantee a minimum solid stream height of 10 m when fire flow
is at maximum and nozzles are at the highest point of a building. Pressure in
pipe network that additionally serves domestic or manufacturing purpose must
not be lower than 10 m and not be greater than 60 m.
5.1.2 Fire safety requirements regarding fire flow
for outdoor firefighting
5.1.2.1 Fire flow of loop pipe network for
outdoor firefighting (for one fire incident) and number of simultaneous fire
incidents in a residential area shall conform to Schedule 7.
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5.1.2.3 Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of
buildings with F5 fire risk category for one fire incident shall use flow rates
of buildings that require the greatest values under Schedule 9 and Schedule 10.
NOTE 1: When calculating fire flow for 2 fire
incidents, use values that equal twice the values of buildings that require the
greatest flow rates.
NOTE 2: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting in
detached auxiliary buildings shall use values under Schedule 8 applicable to
buildings with F2, F3, F4 fire risk categories; if auxiliary buildings are
located inside manufacturing facilities, calculate fire flow based on general
volume of the manufacturing facilities and Schedule 9.
NOTE 3: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of
buildings serving agriculture and rural development with fire resistance
category of I and II, maximum volume of 5 000 m3, D and E fire and
explosion risk classes, shall equal 5 L/s.
NOTE 4: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of
radio stations and television stations regardless of volume of the stations and
number of inhabitants in the stations’ vicinity must not be lower than 15 L/s,
even when Schedule 9 and Schedule 10 prescribe a lower value.
NOTE 5: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of
buildings whose volume exceeds volume under Schedule 9 and Schedule 10 must
conform to special regulations.
NOTE 6: In case of buildings with fire
resistance category of II and wooden structures, fire flow for outdoor
firefighting shall be greater than values under Schedule 9 and Schedule 10 by 5
L/s.
NOTE 7: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of
buildings and cold storage of food shall be similar to that of buildings with
fire risk class C.
NOTE 8: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting of
loaded container storage depends on the number of containers and is as follows:
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From 51 to 100 containers, 20 L/s;
From 101 to 300 containers, 25 L/s;
From 301 to 1 000 containers, 40 L/s;
From 1 001 to 1 500 containers, 60 L/s;
From 1 501 to 2 000 containers, 80 L/s;
More than 2 000 containers, 100 L/s;
Schedule 7 - Fire
flow for outdoor firefighting in residential areas
Population, x 1 000 people
Number of
simultaneous fire incidents
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Buildings no taller
than 2 storeys regardless of fire resistance category
Buildings from 3
storeys or higher regardless of fire resistance category
≤ 1
1
5
10
> 1 and ≤ 5
1
10
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> 5 and ≤ 10
1
10
15
> 10 and ≤ 25
2
10
15
> 25 and ≤ 50
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20
25
> 50 and ≤ 100
2
25
35
> 100 and ≤ 200
3
40
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> 200 and ≤ 300
3
55
> 300 and ≤ 400
3
70
> 400 and ≤ 500
3
80
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3
85
> 600 and ≤ 700
3
90
> 700 and ≤ 800
3
95
> 800 and ≤ 1 000
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100
> 1 000
5
110
NOTE 1: Fire flow for outdoor firefighting
in residential areas must not be lower than fire flow under Schedule 8.
NOTE 2: When supplying water in regions, fire
flow for outdoor firefighting and number of simultaneous fire incidents of
each region shall depend on population of the region.
NOTE 3: Number of simultaneous fire
incidents and fire flow for 1 fire incident in a region with more than 1
million people shall conform to evaluation of special technical requirements.
NOTE 4: In regard to network of group
pipelines, number of simultaneous fire incidents depends on total population
in a group of pipe network. The amount of water necessary to restore water in
group pipelines shall be determined by maximum amount of water for
firefighting in residential areas (corresponding to number of simultaneous
fire incidents) in accordance with 5.1.3.3 and 5.1.3.4.
NOTE 5: Number of simultaneous fire
incidents in a residential area must also include fire incidents in
manufacturing facilities and storage facilities in the residential area. In
this case, calculated fire flow must also include the flow rate necessary for
extinguishing fire of those facilities and must not be lower than values
under Schedule 7.
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Building type
Fire flow for
outdoor firefighting regardless of fire resistance category for 1 fire
incident, L/s, by fire volume, 1000 m3
≤ 1
> 1 and ≤ 5
> 5 and ≤ 25
> 25 and ≤ 50
> 50
1. F1.3, F1.4 building with one or many
single-stair blocks with the following number of storeys:
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≤ 3
10 1)
10 1)
15
15
20
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10
15
15
20
20
> 12 and ≤ 16
-
20
20
...
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25
> 16
-
20
25
25
30
2. F1.1, F1.2, F2, F3, and F4 buildings
with the following number of storeys:
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≤ 3
10 1)
10 1)
15
20
25
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10
15
20
25
30
> 12 and ≤ 16
-
20
25
...
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35
> 16
-
25
30
30
35
1) For buildings in villages, communes (rural
areas), fire flow for 1 fire incident is 5 L/s.
NOTE 1: If capacity of outdoor network is
insufficient to achieve the necessary flow rate for firefighting or when
pipes are connected to a tree network, tanks or reservoirs with sufficient
volume must be taken into consideration in order to maintain fire flow for
outdoor firefighting for 3 hours.
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Schedule 9 - Fire
flow for outdoor firefighting of F5 buildings
Fire resistance
category of the building
Fire risk level of structures
Fire and explosion
risk class of the building
Fire flow for
outdoor firefighting of buildings with roof openings regardless of building’s
width, buildings without roof openings no wider than 60 m, for 1 fire
incident, L/s,
depending on volume of the building, 1 000 m3
≤ 3
> 3 and ≤ 5
> 5 and ≤ 20
> 20 and ≤ 50
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> 200 and ≤ 400
> 400 and ≤ 600
> 600
I and II
S0, S1
D, E
10
10
10
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15
20
25
35
I and II
S0, S1
A, B, C
10
10
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20
30
35
40
50
III
S0, S1
D, E
10
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15
25
35
40
45
-
III
S0
A, B, C
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15
20
30
45
60
75
-
IV
S0, S1
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10
15
20
30
40
50
60
-
IV
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A, B, C
15
20
25
40
60
80
100
-
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S2, S3
E
10
15
20
30
45
-
-
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IV
S2, S3
A, B, C
15
20
25
40
65
-
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-
V
-
E
10
15
20
30
55
...
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-
-
V
-
C
15
20
25
40
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-
-
-
Schedule 10 - Fire
flow for outdoor firefighting of F5 buildings without roof openings and wider
than 60 m
Fire resistance
category of the building
Fire risk level of
structures
Fire and explosion
risk class of the building
Fire flow for
outdoor firefighting of buildings without roof openings and 60 m wide or
more, for 1 fire incident, L/s, depending on volume of the
building, 1 000 m3
≤ 50
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> 100 and ≤ 200
> 200 and ≤ 300
> 300 and ≤ 400
> 400 and ≤ 500
> 500 and ≤ 600
> 600 and ≤ 700
> 700
I and II
S0
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20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
...
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S0
D, E
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
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50
NOTE: Roof openings mean vents positioned
on the roof (ridge vents) and not smaller than 2,5 % of the building’s total
area.
5.1.2.4 If a building is separated by
fire-resistance-rated walls, the highest fire flow for outdoor firefighting
shall prevail.
5.1.2.5 If a building is separated by
fire-resistance-rated partitions, fire flow for outdoor firefighting shall be
determined by overall volume of the building and the highest fire and explosion
risk class.
5.1.2.6 Fire flow must be maintained even when
fire flow dedicated for other demands is at the highest, including:
- Tap water;
- Household businesses;
- Industrial and agricultural manufacturing
facilities where separate pipelines are not feasible due to drinking water
quality or economic purposes.
- Water treatment stations, pipe network,
channels, and similar;
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5.1.2.7 Water supply system for outdoor firefighting
of facilities (water pipes, pump stations, tanks, and reservoirs) must be
reliable, must not stop supplying water for more than 10 minutes, and must not
reduce fire flow by more than 30% within 3 days.
5.1.2.8 If a construction is located in an area
where outdoor water supply infrastructures have not been installed or do not
conform to regulations under Schedule 8, Schedule 9, and Schedule 10,
instructions of competent fire and rescue police department shall prevail.
5.1.3 Calculated number of simultaneous fire
incidents
5.1.3.1 Calculated number of simultaneous fire
incidents of an industrial or agricultural facility must depend on the area of
the facility, to be specific:
- If a facility is as large as 150 ha, count
as 1 fire incident;
- If a facility is larger than 150 ha, count
as 2 fire incidents.
In regard to calculated number of
simultaneous fire incidents of an open or enclosed storage facility for wooden
materials: if the storage facility is as large as 50 a, count as 1 fire
incident; if the storage facility is larger than 50 ha, count as 2 fire
incidents.
NOTE: Area of the facility that serves
calculation of water supply system for outdoor firefighting shall be area of
the plot on which the facility is located (excluding forest land, park land,
agricultural land, or similar land on which no construction is built).
5.1.3.2 When combining firefighting pipelines
of a residential area and an industrial facility which is located outside of
said residential area, calculated number of simultaneous fire shall be as
follows:
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- If the industrial facility is larger than
150 ha and population of the residential area is up to 25 000 people, count as
2 fire incidents (2 fire incidents for the industrial facility or 2 fire
incidents for the residential area depending on whichever location requires the
greater fire flow);
- If population of the residential area
exceeds 25 000 people, count as 2 fire incidents where fire flow for 1 fire
incident equals the sum of the greater fire flow (either for the industrial
facility or the residential area) and 50% of the lesser fire flow (either for
the industrial facility or the residential area).
5.1.3.3 Firefighting duration must be 3 hours,
except for the cases below:
- 2 hours for buildings with fire resistance
categories I, II with insulating structures and layers made from
non-combustible materials and areas of fire and explosion risk classes D and E;
- 1 hour for kindergartens, preschools, F4.1
and F4.3 buildings in rural areas with fire resistance categories I and II,
insulating structures and layers made from non-combustible materials, no more
than 3-storey high, and up to 500 m2 of construction area;
- In the case of kindergartens, preschools,
F4.1 and F4.3 buildings in rural areas with fire resistance category I and II,
insulating structures and layers made from non-combustible materials, no more
than 3-storey high, and up to 500 m2 of building area, standpipe
system is allowed as a substitution for water supply system for outdoor
firefighting;
- At least 5 hours in case of open storage
facilities for wood materials.
5.1.3.4 The maximum amount of time for
restoring water reserve for firefighting must not be greater than:
- 24 hours in case of residential areas and
industrial facilities of fire and explosion risk classes A, B, C;
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- 72 hours in case of residential areas and
agricultural facilities.
NOTE: If an industrial facility requires up
to 20 L/s of fire flow for outdoor firefighting, the amount of time for
restoring water for firefighting shall be:
a) Up to 48 hours for areas of fire risk
classes D and E
b) Up to 36 hours for areas of fire risk
class C.
If water for firefighting cannot be restored
in a timely manner as stated above, water reserve for firefighting must be
supplied by n times. The value of n (n = 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0, etc.) varies
depending on actual restoration time, ttt, and is calculated using
the formula below:
n = ttt / tqđ
In which: ttt refers to the amount
of time it takes in practice to restore water reserve for firefighting;
tqd refers to the amount of time
it takes according to 5.1.3.4 to restore water reserve for firefighting.
5.1.4 Fire safety requirements for pipe network and
constructions built upon them
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5.1.4.2 Water pipe network for firefighting
must be a grid network. A branch network is allowed when: water is supplied for
firefighting or a combination of domestic purposes - firefighting, the pipe is
not longer than 200 m regardless of the required fire flow.
Outdoor pipe network is not allowed to
connect to indoor pipe network via grid connection.
In case of residential areas that have
population of 5 000 people or less and require fire flow for outdoor
firefighting of 10 L/s or less or number of standpipe outlets of 12 or less, a
branch network of 200 m or more in length is allowed if tanks, reservoirs, or
water towers that contain water amount necessary for firefighting are built.
5.1.4.3 Pipelines must be divided into
sections by shutoff valves so that during a repair, only a maximum of 5 fire
hydrants will not receive any water.
5.1.4.4 Remotely-controlled and automatically-controlled
valves on all pipelines, regardless of diameter, must be operated electrically.
Pneumatic, hydraulic, or electromagnetic
valves are allowed.
If remote or automatic control is not
feasible or available, manual control is allowed for shutoff valves of 400 mm
or less in diameter, electric or hydraulic control is allowed for shutoff valves
of exceeding 400 mm in diameter; if separate evaluation allows, manual
operation is allowed for shutoff valves of exceeding 400 mm in diameter.
In all cases, manual opening and closing must
be allowed.
5.1.4.5 Diameter of supply pipelines and pipe
network after supply pipelines must be calculated on the following basis:
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- Operating conditions in case of disruption
of individual segments.
Diameter of water pipelines for outdoor
firefighting must not be less than 100 mm for residential areas and
manufacturing facilities, and 75 mm for rural areas.
5.1.4.6 Fire hydrants must be at most 2,5 m
away from the edge of the road and at least 1 m away from exterior wall of the
buildings; underground hydrants are allowed on public roads.
5.1.4.7 Fire hydrants must be installed on
pipeline network in a manner that at least 2 hydrants are installed when the
required flow rate is 15 L/s or higher or at least 1 hydrant is installed when
the required flow rate is less than 15 L/s, the installed hydrants can cover
any point along the width of the building, and cover radius of each hydrant
does not exceed 200 m along the movement of fire hoses outside the building.
NOTE: Pipe networks serving residential areas
with population of up to 500 people can have 3-way hydrants replaced by DN 80
mm standpipe fitted with outlets.
5.1.4.8 Constructions required to be equipped
with standpipe outlets and automatic sprinkler system must have pipelines
connecting from fire pump stations of the constructions to at least a DN65
2-way or 3-way fire hydrant positioned outside of the exterior wall towards the
public road.
5.1.5 Requirements for water reservoirs and tanks
for outdoor firefighting.
5.1.5.1 Water reservoirs and tanks that serve
specific occupancy must also serve regulation, firefighting, incident aversion,
and priming.
5.1.5.2 If firefighting water is collected
from water sources that do not meet economic and technical conditions, in all
cases, these tanks and reservoirs must contain sufficient amount of water for
firefighting according to calculations.
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- Supply water for firefighting from outdoor
hydrants and other fire extinguishing systems;
- Supply water for specific fire
extinguishing equipment (sprinkler, drencher, and similar equipment) that lacks
dedicated reservoirs;
- Supply the maximum amount of water for
domestic and manufacturing purposes throughout firefighting process.
5.1.5.4 Bodies of water which fire engines draft
from must be accessible and have parking lots no smaller than 12 m x 12 m with
sufficient surface load for fire engines.
When calculating the volume of water in
bodies of water, the supply of water into these bodies of water throughout
firefighting process shall be added to the calculation if water supply system
satisfactory to 5.1.2.7 is installed.
5.1.5.5 When supplying water through 1 supply
pipeline, supply an additional amount of water to fulfill purposes under
5.1.5.3.
The additional amount of water can be
disregarded if the length of a supply pipeline does not exceed 500 m and serves
a residential area with population of 5 000 people or less or serves
constructions that require fire flow of 40 L/s or less.
5.1.5.6 The total number of tanks and
reservoirs for firefighting in a network must not be lower than 2 (not
including tanks and reservoirs for outdoor firefighting of detached
constructions).
Tanks and reservoirs in the same network must
have the same highest and lowest water level for firefighting.
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5.1.5.7 The storage of water for firefighting
in specialized tanks or reservoirs or open lakes shall be permitted with
respect to:
- Residential areas with population of up to
5 000 people;
- Buildings, regardless of occupancies, that
are separate from residential areas and are not installed with pipeline systems
for domestic or manufacturing purposes which provide water for outdoor water
supply system;
- Buildings that have different occupancies
and require fire flow of 10 L/s or less for outdoor firefighting;
- Buildings, regardless of occupancies, that
have up to 2 storeys and are smaller than area of the fire compartment
applicable to that type of buildings.
5.1.5.8 The amount of water for firefighting
of reservoirs, tanks, and artificial lakes shall be determined by calculating
amount of water consumed and firefighting duration in accordance with 5.1.2.2,
5.1.2.3, 5.1.2.4, 5.1.2.5, 5.1.2.6, and 5.1.3.3.
NOTE 1: When calculating volume of water for
firefighting of open artificial lakes, evaporation and freezing of the water
must be taken into account. Minimum water level shall be 0,5 m.
NOTE 2: Access to the reservoirs, tanks, and
similar drafting sites must be guaranteed for fire engines.
5.1.5.9 Tanks, reservoirs, hydrants, natural
and artificial lakes must be positioned in a way that guarantees service radius
of:
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- 100 m to 150 m with the presence of
portable pumps depending on technical specifications of the pumps;
- In order to increase service radius, branch
pipes up to 200 m in length are allowed to connect from tanks, reservoirs, and
artificial lakes while complying with 5.1.5.8;
- Distance from drafting sites of tanks,
reservoirs, or artificial lakes to buildings with fire resistance categories
III, IV, and V or to open storage of combustible materials must be 30 m or
less; distance from drafting sites of tanks, reservoirs, or artificial lakes to
buildings with fire resistance categories I and II must be 10 m or less.
5.1.5.10 If drafting directly from tanks or
reservoirs by pumper trucks or portable pumps is not feasible, install water
grates with volume ranging from 3 m3 to 5 m3. Diameter of
pipes connecting to tanks, reservoirs, or grates must be calculated depending
on fire flow for outdoor firefighting and must not be lower than 200 mm. The
joints must be protected by shutoff valve boxes to block water. the opening and
closing of the valves must be done outside of the boxes. The pipe end that
connects to the artificial lakes must be fitted with mesh.
5.1.5.11 Pressure tanks and reservoirs for
firefighting must also be fitted with water gauge and water level indicators
which send signals to pump stations or distribution stations.
Pressure tanks and reservoirs of
high-pressure firefighting pipes must be fitted with equipment that cuts off
water supply to tanks, reservoirs, and towers when fire pumps are engaged.
5.1.5.12 If pressure tanks or reservoirs use
compressed air, backup compressors are required in addition to the operating
compressors.
5.2 Standpipe system
5.2.1 Houses, public buildings, administrative -
auxiliary buildings of industrial constructions must be fitted with standpipe
system with minimum flow rate for firefighting conforming to Schedule 11. Flow
rate of standpipe system installed in manufacturing facilities and storage
facilities shall conform to Schedule 12.
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Based on fire flow, hydrants shall be
classified into:
- Low fire flow (from 0,2 L/s to 1,5 L/s).
Equipment for use with low fire flow outlets has diameter of DN 5, DN 10, DN
15, DN 20, DN 25, and DN 40;
- Moderate fire flow (greater than 1,5 L/s).
If low fire flow outlets are used, total fire
flow and height of solid stream shall conform to Schedule 11, Schedule 12, and
Schedule 13.
Schedule 11 - Minimum
number of streams and minimum fire flow of standpipe system
Houses and public
buildings
Number of streams
per storey
Minimum fire flow,
L/s, of a stream
1. Houses and apartment buildings
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1
2,5
≤ 16 storeys, when length of common
corridors > 10 m
2
2,5
> 16 and ≤ 25 storeys, when length of
common corridors ≤ 10 m
2
2,5
> 16 and ≤ 25 storeys, when length of
common corridors > 10 m
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2,5
2. Administrative buildings 1)
≤ 10 storeys and volume ≤ 25 000 m3
1
2,5
≤ 10 storeys and volume > 25 000 m3
2
2,5
10 storeys and volume ≤ 25 000 m3
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2,5
10 storeys and volume > 25 000 m3
3
2,5
3. Clubs with stages, theaters, cinemas,
rooms equipped with audiovisual equipment (for conferences, seminars, and
similar purposes)
≤ 300 seats
2
2,5
> 300 seats
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5,0
4. Dorms and public houses (except section
2) 2)
≤ 10 storeys and volume ≤ 25 000 m3
1
2,5
≤ 10 storeys and volume > 25 000 m3
2
2,5
> 10 storeys and volume ≤ 25 000 m3
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2,5
> 10 storeys and volume > 25 000 m3
3
2,5
5. Administrative - auxiliary buildings of
industrial facilities with volume
≤ 25 000 m3
1
2,5
> 25 000 m3
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2,5
1) Head offices of state authorities, work
offices of enterprises, political organizations, social organizations, post
offices, radio stations, television stations, telecommunication facilities,
communication device installation service providers, data storage and
management centers, etc. and constructions with similar occupancies.
2) Public buildings and constructions with
similar occupancies, such as:
- Houses, dorms, multipurpose buildings,
hotels, detached houses combining with other functions, motels, rooms for
rent, other accommodations established under the Law on Tourism;
- Karaoke venues, discotheques, bars,
clubs, beauty salons, massage service providers, recreational parks, zoos,
aquariums;
- Electronic appliance stores,
supermarkets, department stores; convenient stores, restaurants, diners;
- General clinics, specialized clinics;
beauty salons;
- Museums, libraries, galleries, exhibits,
storage facilities, bookstores, fairs;
- Stadiums, indoor sports stadiums, sports
centers, race tracks, shooting ranges, other sports establishments
established under the Law on Sports;
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-Kindergartens, preschools, primary
schools, lower secondary schools, upper secondary schools, multi-level
schools, colleges, universities, institutes, intermediate professional education
institutions, vocational education and training institutions, continuous
education institutions, other education institutions established under the
Law on Education;
- Sanitariums, intensive care wards,
orthopaedic wards, nursing homes.
Schedule 12 - Minimum
number of streams and minimum fire flow for indoor firefighting for
manufacturing facilities and storage facilities
Fire resistance
category
Fire and explosion
risk class
Fire risk level of
structure
Minimum number of
streams and fire flow, L/s, of 1 stream, for indoor firefighting of
manufacturing facilities and storage facilities with minimum fire height of
50 m and depending on volume, 1 000 m3
≤ 150
> 150
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A, B, C
S0, S1
2 x 2,5
3 x 2,5
D, E
No regulations
1 x 2,5
1 x 2,5
III
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S0
2 x 2,5
3 x 2,5
D, E
S0, S1
1 x 2,5
2 x 2,5
IV
A, B
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2 x 2,5
3 x 2,5
C
S0, S1
2 x 2,5
2 x 5
C
S2, S3
3 x 2,5
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D, E
S0, S1, S2, S3
1 x 2,5
2 x 2,5
V
C
No regulations
2 x 2,5
2 x 5
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No regulations
1 x 2,5
2 x 2,5
Schedule 13 - Fire
flow depending on height of solid stream and diameter of nozzles
Height of solid
stream, m
Fire flow, L/s
Pressure, MPa, of
standpipe outlet with hose reel length, m
Fire flow, L/s
Pressure, MPa, of
standpipe outlet with hose reel length, m
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Pressure, MPa, of
standpipe outlet with hose reel length, m
10
15
20
10
15
20
10
15
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Diameter of nozzle,
mm
13
16
19
DN 50 standpipe
outlet 1)
6
-
-
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-
2,6
0,092
0,096
0,100
3,4
0,088
0,096
0,104
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-
-
-
-
2,9
0,120
0,125
0,130
4,1
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0,138
0,148
10
-
-
-
-
3,3
0,151
...
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0,164
4.6
0,160
0,173
0,185
12
2,6
0,202
0,206
...
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3,7
0,192
0,196
0,210
5,2
0,206
0,223
0,240
14
...
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0,236
0,241
0,245
4,2
0,248
0,255
0,263
-
-
...
...
...
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-
16
3,2
0,316
0,322
0,328
4,6
0,293
0,300
...
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-
-
-
-
18
3,6
0,390
0,398
0,406
...
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0,360
0,380
0,400
-
-
-
-
DN 65 standpipe
outlet 1)
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-
-
-
-
2,6
0,088
0,089
0,090
3,4
...
...
...
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0,080
0,083
8
-
-
-
-
2,9
0,110
...
...
...
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0,114
4,1
0,114
0,117
0,121
10
-
-
-
...
...
...
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3,3
0,140
0,143
0,146
4,6
0,143
0,147
0,151
12
...
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...
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0,198
0,199
0,201
3,7
0,180
0,183
0,186
5,2
0,182
...
...
...
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0,199
14
2,8
0,23
0,231
0,233
4,2
0,230
0,233
...
...
...
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5,7
0,218
0,224
0,230
16
3,2
0,31
0,313
0,315
...
...
...
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0,276
0,280
0,284
6,3
0,266
0,273
0,280
18
3,6
...
...
...
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0,383
0,385
5,1
0,338
0,342
0,346
7,0
0,329
0,338
...
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...
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20
4,0
0,464
0,467
0,470
5,6
0,412
0,424
0,418
...
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0,372
0,385
0,397
1) DN - short for Diameter Nominal, in
millimeter (mm).
5.2.2 In order to calculate pump capacity and water
reserve for firefighting, number of streams and fire flow in public buildings
in regard to sections located at a fire height above 50 m must be 4 streams and
2,5 L/s each stream respectively. Number of streams and fire flow of F5
buildings with fire and explosion risk classes A, B, C and fire height above 50
m shall be 4 streams and 5 L/s each stream respectively.
5.2.3 In case of manufacturing facilities and
storage facilities that utilize structure types prone to fire damage, according
to Schedule 12, the minimum fire flow for the purpose of calculating pump
capacity and water reserve for firefighting determined in accordance with
Schedule 12 must be increased on a case-by-case basis as follows:
- When employing steel structures that are
not protected by fire protection measures in buildings with fire resistance
categories III, IV (S2 or S3), as well as structures made from natural wood or
MDF board (wood in this case has been protected by fire protection measures),
increase by an additional 5 L/s;
- When employing combustible materials
surrounding structures of buildings with fire resistance category IV (S2 or
S3), increase by an additional 5 L/s for buildings with up to 10 000 m3
in volume. Or in case of buildings with more than 10 000 m3 in volume, increase
by an additional 5 L/s for every extra 100 000 m3 and every extra
amount that does not add up to 100 000 m3.
5.2.4 Number of streams serving each fire location
shall be 2 in regard to constructions that require at least 2 streams.
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- In regard to buildings that are not
separated by fire-resistance-rated walls, calculated based on overall volume;
- In regard to buildings that are separated
by type 1 or type 2 fire-resistance-rated walls, calculated based on volume of
the building section that requires the highest fire flow.
When connecting buildings with fire
resistance categories I and II by walkways built out of non-combustible
materials and protected by fire-resistance-rated doors, the volume used for the
purpose of calculating fire flow shall be volume of each building; if the
connecting walkways are not protected by fire-resistance-rated doors, volume of
both buildings shall be used for the purpose of calculating fire flow and the
higher fire risk class shall prevail.
5.2.6 Hydrostatic pressure in domestic - firefighting
water system when measured at sanitary - technical equipment which is located
at the lowest water level must not exceed 0,45 MPa.
Hydrostatic of separate fire extinguishing
system measured at standpipe outlets which are located at the lowest water
level must not exceed 0,90 MPa.
During calculation, if pressure in a fire
extinguishing system exceeds 0,45 MPa, a separate network of fire extinguishing
system is required.
If pressure between valves and couplings of
standpipe outlets exceeds 0,4 MPa, installation of membrane and equipment for
adjusting pressure is required in order to reduce residual pressure.
5.2.7 Discharge pressure of standpipe outlets must
be sufficient to maintain height of solid stream for firefighting at all time
of day, even for the highest and furthest point. Minimum height and radius of
solid stream must equal the height of the area, from the floor to the highest
point of the girder (ceiling), but must not be lower than the following values:
- Not lower than 6 m in case of houses, public
buildings, manufacturing facilities, and auxiliary constructions of industrial
facilities with fire height of up to 50 m;
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- Not lower than 16 m in case of public buildings,
manufacturing facilities and auxiliary constructions of industrial facilities
with fire height above 50 m.
NOTE 1: Pressure of standpipe outlets must be
calculated for hose reels of 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m in length.
NOTE 2: In order to facilitate solid stream
with fire flow of up to 4 L/s, use DN 50 outlets; in case of greater fire flow,
use DN 65 outlets. If economic - technical evaluation permits, DN 50 outlets
are allowed for fire flow exceeding 4 L/s
5.2.8 Design of pressure tanks must be able to
maintain height of solid stream above 4 m for the highest storey or the storey
below the storey where the tanks are located, and not lower than 6 m for the
other storeys; in this case, guarantee 2 streams of 2,5 L/s of fire flow each for
10 minutes if the calculated number of streams is at least 2 or guarantee 1
stream for all other cases.
When installing standpipe outlets which act
as automatic activation sensors of fire pumps, pressure tanks are not required
to be taken into consideration.
5.2.9 If standpipe outlets are installed separately
from automatic fire extinguishing systems, volume of reserve tanks must contain
sufficient water for use by 1 standpipe outlet and other demand for 1 hour.
If standpipe outlets are installed on
automatic fire extinguishing system, working time of the outlets shall equal
working time of the automatic fire extinguishing system.
5.2.10 In buildings of 6 storeys or higher,
if domestic and firefighting water systems are connected, vertical pipes must
be connected in grid on upper storeys. In this case, in order to change water
in the buildings, vertical grid network must be connected to one or several
vertical discharge pipes fitted with shutoff valves.
Dry pipes systems installed in buildings that
are not heated, shutoff valves must be fitted in areas where they cannot be
frozen.
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- Double outlets are allowed on standpipes in
manufacturing facilities and public buildings if calculated number of streams
is not lower than 3, and in houses if calculated number of streams is not lower
than 2;
- In houses where corridor length is up to 10
m and number of streams is 2 for each area, 2 streams are allowed from the same
standpipe;
- In houses where corridor length exceeds 10
m as well as manufacturing facilities and public buildings where at least 2
streams are required for each area, 2 streams from 2 adjacent fire hose
cabinets (2 different outlets).
NOTE 1: Standpipe outlets are required in
mechanical floors, attics, and mechanical basements if they contain materials
and structures made from combustible materials.
NOTE 2: Number of streams per cabinets must
not be greater than 2.
5.2.12 Standpipe outlets must be positioned
at a height of 1,20 m ± 0,15 m above the floor and in ventilated, sealed fire
hose cabinets. In case of double standpipe outlets, they can be positioned
vertically and the lower outlet must be at least 1,0 m away from the floor.
5.2.13 Standpipe system in buildings and
constructions must have outlets on the exterior of the buildings and
constructions with proper coupling size to facilitate connection with portable
firefighting equipment. In regard to buildings of 17 storeys or more, fire
department connections (hereinafter referred to as “FDC”) for standpipe system
must be separated into zones throughout the height of the buildings where each
zone is not taller than 50 m. These connections must be fitted with check
valves and openly sealed.
5.2.14 Standpipe outlets must be positioned
at entrances to corridors (where water cannot be frozen) of stairwells (other
than smokeproof stairwells), lobbies, corridors, walkways, and other accessible
locations. In this case, the positioning of standpipe outlets must not obstruct
evacuation.
5.2.15 In areas where automatic fire
extinguishing system is installed, standpipe outlets are allowed on DN 65 pipes
or larger after control valve clusters of water sprinkler system.
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5.2.17 Shutoff valves fitted to branch
network and larger valves fitted to grid network of steel pipes must be
positioned in a way that each pipe segment only deactivates at most 5 standpipe
outlets on a single storey.
5.2.18 Depending on occupancy of protected
structures, the following protection measures for standpipe outlets are
available:
- Measure 1: utilize standpipe outlets with
moderate fire flow. This measure is allowed for all types of constructions;
- Measure 2: utilize standpipe outlets with
low fire flow in combination with dry pipes. This measure is allowed for houses
and public buildings;
- Measure 3: utilize standpipe outlets with
low fire flow. This measure is allowed for constructions equipped with
automatic extinguishing system throughout;
- Measure 4: utilize standpipe outlets with
low fire flow in combination with those with moderate fire flow. This measure
is allowed for houses and public buildings.
NOTE: In the same construction, multiple
measures can be utilized simultaneously.
5.3 Fire pump station
5.3.1 Fire pumps, whether installed separately or
in combination with domestic and/or production water system, require backup
pumps with capacity similar to that of the main pumps. The quantity of backup
pumps is regulated as follows:
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- If at least 4 fire pumps are required, at
least 2 backup pumps are required;
Fire pumps must be connected to a grid power
source and generator power source or must utilize internal combustion engine. Backup
pumps or backup power source is not required when water is supplied for
manufacturing facilities, storage facilities with fire resistance categories I
or II, fire and explosion risk classes D or E and the required fire flow for
outdoor firefighting is less than 20 L/s.
5.3.2 Fire pumps can be manually operated or
remotely controlled and must be engaged within 3 minutes of fire alarm
activation. If the required fire flow for outdoor firefighting is at least 25
L/s, a remote control mechanism is required for fire pumps.
5.3.3 If pressure of standpipe system is
insufficient to supply the outlets, a remote control apparatus must be
positioned in the same area as the standpipe outlets.
6 FIREFIGHTING AND
RESCUE
6.1 Buildings
and constructions must be able to facilitate firefighting and rescue via the
following solutions: structural, premise - spatial arrangement, technical -
construction, and organization.
These solutions include:
- Situate fire lanes, fire engine parking
spaces, and other accesses for fire brigade and firefighting equipment in
combination with roads and walkways depending on occupancies of the buildings
or separately;
- Situate outdoor fire escape stairs and
other necessary equipment in order to allow fire brigade and other firefighting
equipment to reach all storeys and the roof of the buildings, including
elevators equipped with “Fire service mode” (hereinafter referred to as “fire
service elevators”);
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- Install smoke protection measures on
passages of fire brigade;
- Equip life-saving equipment throughout the
buildings;
- Situate and build fire prevention,
firefighting constructions and fire stations based on the number of employees
and firefighting equipment in order to meet firefighting conditions of
constructions or areas within the service radius of these stations according to
applicable laws.
The aforementioned solutions shall be
selected based on fire resistance category, fire risk level of structures, and
fire risk category by function of buildings and constructions.
With respect to areas with insufficient
public traffic and water supply infrastructures according to this Regulation,
firefighting and rescue solutions shall conform to specific guidelines of local
fire prevention and firefighting authorities.
6.2 Fire lane and
fire engine parking space
6.2.1 General requirements
6.2.1.1 Clear width of road surface for fire
engines must not be lower than 3,5 m.
6.2.1.2 Fire engine parking lot must have
sufficient clear width to allow fire engines to enter and deploy firefighting
equipment depending on fire height and fire risk category by functions under
Schedule 14.
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Fire risk category
by function / Parking space dimension
Fire engine parking
space, m,
corresponding to fire height of building, m
≤ 15
> 15 and ≤ 28 1)
> 28
1. F1.3 buildings
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a) Width of fire engine parking space
Not required
≥ 6
≥ 6
b) Length of fire engine parking space
Not required
≥ 15
≥ 15
2. Buildings of other fire risk categories
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a) Width of fire engine parking space
Not required
≥ 6
≥ 6
b) Length of fire engine parking space
See Schedule 15 and
Schedule 16
See Schedule 15 and
Schedule 16
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1) Fire engine parking space is not required
if occupant load of each storey, according to Schedule G.9 (Appendix G), does
not exceed 50 people and the distance from fire lane to FDCs must not exceed
18 m.
6.2.1.3 Overhead structures on fire lane and
fire engine parking space are allowed only when all of the following conditions
are met:
- Clear height must not be lower than 4,5 m;
- Length of the overhead structures (measured
along the length of fire lane and fire engine parking space) must not exceed 10
m;
- If at least 2 overhead structures are
installed above fire lane or fire engine parking space, the clearance between
these structures must not be lower than 20 m;
- Length of the last segments of fire lane or
fire engine parking space which are not obstructed to the sky by overhead
structures must not be less than 20 m;
- Length of fire engine parking space must
not include segments covered by overhead structures.
6.2.1.4 Entry from an elevated position
(hereinafter referred to as “elevated entry”) must be located along the
exterior wall that faces fire engine parking space in a manner that conforms to
6.3 in order to facilitate firefighting and rescue operations.
6.2.2 Requirements for fire lane and fire engine
parking space are as follows:
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6.2.2.2 F1.3 buildings with fire height
exceeding 15 m must meet all of the requirements below:
- Build fire lane within 18 m of travel
distance from the end point of entrances leading to all vestibules of fire
service elevators or of exit access stairwells fitted with DN 65 FDCs intended
for use by fire brigade (of dry pipe system);
- Build fire engine parking spaces which
grant access to at least one exterior side of each block. Fire engine parking
spaces must be within 2 m and 10 m from exterior wall of the building;
- Design of fire engine parking spaces and fire
lane must satisfy requirements under Schedule 14.
6.2.2.3 Each area of F1.1, F1.2, F2, F3, and
F4 buildings or building sections with fire height exceeding 15 m that is
fitted with elevated entry must be accompanied by a fire engine parking space
to facilitate access to doorways of elevated access. Length of fire engine
parking space shall conform to Schedule 15 depending on accessible floor area
of the storey that has the highest accessible floor area. In case of buildings
with floor penetrations, the value shall be calculated as follows:
a) In case of buildings with floor
penetrations, including floor penetrations between basements and above-ground
storeys, accessible floor area shall equal the sum of accessible floor area of
all penetrated floors;
b) In case of buildings with at least 2
groups of floor penetrations, accessible floor area must equal the sum of
accessible floor area of the largest group;
c) In case of F5 buildings, a fire engine
parking space is required for firefighting equipment. The length of the fire
engine parking space shall comply with Schedule 16 depending on total
compartment volume (excluding basements).
If manufacturing conditions do not require
entrance, fire lane can be road segments that are 3,5 m wide and reinforced by
materials that can support load of fire engines and discharge surface water.
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When necessary, the distance from the inner
edge of the road to the exterior wall of the buildings and constructions can be
increased to 60 m as long as these buildings and constructions are led to from dead-end
streets, have turnarounds for fire engines, and have hydrants nearby. In this
case, the distance from buildings and constructions to the turnarounds for fire
engines must range from 5 m to 15 m and distance between dead-end streets must
not exceed 100 m.
NOTE 1: Width of buildings and constructions
shall be determined by dimension lines
NOTE 2: In regard to reservoirs employed for
firefighting purposes, an entrance yard is required with each side not shorter
than 12 m
Schedule 15 - Length
of fire engine parking space for F1.1, F1.2, F2, F3, F4 buildings or building
sections
Accessible floor
area, m2
Required length of
fire engine parking space, based on building circumference, m
Non sprinkler-protected
building
Sprinkler-protected
building
≤ 2 000
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1/6 of the
circumference and not lower than 15 m
> 2 000 and ≤ 4 000
1/4 of the
circumference
1/6 of the
circumference and not lower than 15 m
> 4 000 and ≤ 8 000
1/2 of the
circumference
1/4 of the
circumference
> 8 000 and ≤ 16 000
3/4 of the
circumference
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> 16 000 and ≤ 32 000
Surrounding the building
premise 1)
3/4 of the
circumference
> 32 000
Surrounding the building
premise 1)
Surrounding the building
premise 1)
1) Fire engine parking space is not required
to be parallel to the building premise as long as requirements under 6.2.3
are fulfilled
Schedule 16 - Length
of fire engine parking space of F5 buildings
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Required length of
fire engine parking space, based on building circumference, m
Non sprinkler-protected
building
Sprinkler-protected
building
≤ 28 400
1/6 of the
circumference and not lower than 15 m
1/6 of the
circumference and not lower than 15 m
> 28 400 and ≤ 56 800
1/4 of the
circumference
1/6 of the
circumference and not lower than 15 m
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1/2 of the
circumference
1/4 of the
circumference
> 85 200 and ≤ 113 600
3/4 of the
circumference
1/4 of the
circumference
> 113 600 and ≤ 170 400
Surrounding the
building premise 1)
1/2 of the
circumference
> 170 400 and ≤ 227 200
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3/4 of the
circumference
> 227 200
Surrounding the
building premise 1)
Surrounding the
building premise 1)
1) Fire engine parking space is not
required to be parallel to the building premise as long as requirements under
6.2.3 are fulfilled.
6.2.2.4 Fire lane or fire engine parking space
of multipurpose building must meet the following requirements:
a) If non-residential building sections (of
category other than F1.3) are located in the lower portion of the building,
fire height that serves the calculation of fire lane or fire engine parking
space requirements must be based on the non-residential sections of the
building;
b) If multipurpose building does not contain
F1.3 building section, the required length of fire lane or fire engine parking
space must use the greater value which is determined by:
- Total compartment volume of F5 building
sections; or
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c) If multipurpose building contains F1.3
building sections, the required length of fire engine parking space must be
calculated in accordance with 6.2.2.3 and must fulfill requirements under
6.2.2.
Basements are required to have fire lane
within 18 m from above-ground entrances of vestibules of fire service elevators
or exit access stairwells fitted with DN 65 FDCs intended for fire brigade (of
dry pipe system).
6.2.3 Fire engine parking space must be positioned
in a way that the horizontal distance from the inner edge of the parking space
to the center point of the elevated entry is not closer than 2 m and not further
than 10 m.
6.2.4 Fire engine parking space must have a level
surface. If the parking space is located on a slope, the pitch must not exceed
1:15. The pitch of fire lane must not exceed 1:8,3.
6.2.5 If the length of fire lane or dead end fire
engine parking space is greater than 46 m, a turnaround must be built at the
end of the dead-end segment in accordance with 6.4.
6.2.6 Public roads can be used as fire engine
parking space if they meet requirements pertaining to distance to elevated
entry under 6.2.3
6.2.7 Fire lane and fire engine parking space must
be clear of obstacles at all time. The void between fire engine parking space
and elevated entry must not be obstructed by trees or other stationary objects.
6.2.8 All corners of fire engine parking space and fire
lane must be marked on both sides which are no more than 5 m apart by
reflective paint which must be visible at night, unless public roads are used
as fire engine parking space or fire lane.
Signs must be erected at starting points and
end points of fire lane or fire engine parking space and must contain white
background, red letters, and minimum letter height of 50 mm. The height from
ground level to the lowest point of the signs must vary between 1,0 m to 1,5 m.
The signs must be visible at night and must be no more than 3 m away from fire
lane or fire engine parking space. All parts of fire lane or fire engine
parking space must not be more than 15 m away from the nearest signs.
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6.3 Elevated entry
for firefighting and rescue
6.3.1 Elevated entry must be clear and unobstructed
at all time while the building is occupied. Elevated entry can be openings of
the exterior wall, windows, balconies, walls fitted with glass, and doors that
can be opened from both sides. Items and objects of all kind that can obstruct
travel must not be located within 1 m of floorspace of elevated entry on the
building side.
6.3.2 Elevated entry must face an occupied space.
Elevated entry must not be located in storage rooms, machine rooms, exit access
stairwells, smoke protected lobbies, fire service elevator lobbies, or a space
that lead to a dead end.
6.3.3 The outside of doors of elevated entry must
be marked by a sign which is a red or yellow equilateral triangle, has minimum
side length of 150 mm, has one of its vertices pointing up or down, contains
the phrase “LỐI VÀO TỪ TRÊN CAO - KHÔNG DƯỢC GÂY CẢN TRỞ” (ELEVATED ENTRY -
STAY CLEAR) with minimum letter height of 25 mm.
6.3.4 Elevated entry must have minimum width of 850
mm, minimum height of 1 000 mm, lower edge at least 1 100 mm away from the
floor on the building side, and upper edge at most 1 800 mm away from the floor
on the building side.
6.3.5 Quantity and position of elevated entry of
each fire compartment of the building or building section of category other
than F1.3 must meet the following requirements:
In case of F1.1, F1.2, F2, F3, F4, and F5
buildings, the required number of elevated entry must be calculated depending
on the length of fire engine parking space. Every segment that is at most 20 m
in length requires an elevated entry;
- Elevated entry must be physically distant
from one another and positioned along the side of the building. The maximum
distance between the center of any two elevated entries served by the same fire
engine parking space measured on the exterior wall must not exceed 20 m.
Elevated entry must be distributed in a way that at least 1 elevated entry is
guaranteed for every 20 m in length of the fire engine parking space, except
for sections of single-storey buildings of category other than F5;
- In case F1.1, F1.2, F2, F3, and F4
buildings with fire height ranging from exceeding 15 m to 50 m, elevated entry
is required on every storey but the first storey and must face fire engine
parking space;
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Elevated entry requirements do not apply to
F1.3 buildings, including auxiliary sections (for example: gym, club room,
rooms with similar occupancies for the building inhabitants) thereof.
6.4 The
turnaround must be:
- An equilateral triangle which has side
length not less than 7 m, one vertex at the dead end, and 2 other vertices on
both sides of the road;
- A square which has side length not less
than 12 m;
- A circle which has diameter not less than
10 m;
- A square which is perpendicular to the dead
end, distributed evenly to both sides of the road, not smaller than 5 m x 20 m.
NOTE: The dimensions mentioned above are the
minimum dimensions, local fire and rescue departments can introduce specific
regulations based on technical requirements of firefighting equipment of each
area.
6.5 If
the road only allows a single lane, every 100 m or less of road length must
contain an extended segment which is at least 8 m long and 7 m wide to allow
fire engines and other vehicles to avoid collision.
6.6 Two-storey
buildings or higher that have flat roof or pitched roof whose slope is less
than 25% and are 10 m or more in height which is calculated from ground level
to the roof overhang or upper edge of exterior wall (wall surrounding the roof)
must have roof access from stairwells or through attics or through type 3
stairwells or exterior fire escape stairs.
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Fire escape stairs are not required on the
front side of the building if the building's width does not exceed 150 m and water
pipes for firefighting are installed in front of the building.
6.7 Attics
of the building, except F1.4 building, must have roof access via fixed
staircases and doors, hatches, or windows no smaller than 0,6 m x 0,8 m.
Roof access or attic access from stairwells
must be positioned along stringers, led from landings, through type 2
fire-resistance-rated doors which are not smaller than 0,75 m x 1,5 m. The
aforementioned stringers and landings can be made of steel and must have
minimum pitch (slope) of 2:1 (63,5o) and minimum width of 0,7 m.
Attic access or roof access in F1, F2, F3,
and F4 buildings with up to 15 m of fire height can be led from stairwells to
type 2 fire-resistance-rated hatches with dimensions of 0,6 m x 0,8 m and to
fixed steel ladder.
6.8 Clear
height of walkways must not be less than 1,8 m in mechanical floors, including
mechanical floors in the basements and attics, or not be less than 1,6 m in
attics throughout the building. The width of these walkways must not be less
than 1,2 m. The clear height and width can be reduced to 1,2 m and 0,9 m
respectively in separate segments of up to 2 m in length.
6.9 Buildings
with attic mezzanines require hatches on enclosing structures of corners of the
attics.
6.10 Areas
where roof height changes by more than 1,0 (including those supporting
light-transmitting openings - vents) must be accompanied by fire escape stairs.
Areas where roof height changes by more than
10 m are not required to be accompanied by fire escape stairs if a dedicated
roof access satisfactory to 6.6 is built for every roof area larger than 100 m2
or if height of lower section of the roof according to 6.6 is not more than 10
m.
6.11 If
roof access is provide by means of outside fire escape stairs according to
requirements under 6.6, P1 fire escape stairs are required to reach a height up
to 20 m and areas where roof height changes from 1,0 m to 20 m; P2 fire escape
stairs are required to reach a height above 20 m and areas where roof height
changes more than 20 m.
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6.12 A
minimum clearance of 100 mm must be provided between stringers and guardrails
thereof.
6.13 Each
fire compartment of building with fire height exceeding 28 m (or exceeding 50 m
in case of F1.3 building) or building where distance from the floor of the
lowest basement to the exit discharge is greater than 9 m requires at least one
fire service elevator.
NOTE: Other technical requirements such as
electric cables, control, signal transmission, communication systems, fire
protection equipment, and similar systems must conform to specific national
technical regulations applicable to fire service elevators
The positioning and installation of fire
service elevators must meet the following basic requirements:
- Elevators primarily used for cargo
transport must not be used as fire service elevators;
- In normal condition, fire service elevators
can be used for human transportation. Fire service elevators can be built in a
separate elevator lobby or in the same elevator lobby as other passenger
elevators and controlled by an automatic group control system;
- Fire service elevator quantity must be
calculated to ensure a maximum travel distance of 60 m from any point on a
storey to the nearest fire service elevator;
- If only one fire service elevator is
installed, that elevator must be able to reach all storeys adjacent to the
burning storeys;
- If multiple fire service elevators are
situated in the same shaft, these elevators can serve different sections of the
building as long as area of service of each elevator must be depicted thereon;
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- Every refuge floor must be served by at
least one fire service elevator;
- In normal mode, fire service elevator must
not open at these refuge floors while hoistway doors on the refuge floors must remain
locked at all time and shall only be unlocked automatically when fire service
mode is engaged.
In case of fire, all fire service elevators
must allow firemen to:
- Be the only person controlling and
operating the fire service elevator to reach the fire while carrying their
equipment in an easy, familiar, safe, and rapid manner;
- Be protected from fire and smoke hazards by
appropriate solutions, especially when they exit the elevators;
- Have a clear and safe means to access the
elevators and access storeys served by the elevators;
- Access potentially burning storeys of the
building when at least 2 fire service elevators are installed without having to
traverse more than 2 storeys;
- Be protected in separate elevator shafts
(instead of sharing elevator shafts with other elevators), each of which shall
only facilitate no more than 3 fire service elevators. Enclosing structures of
elevator shafts must have minimum fire-resistance rating of REI 120.
Lobby of fire service elevator shall be a
vestibule and:
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- Shall not be smaller than 6 m2
if it is combined with lobby of smokeproof stairwell;
- Shall be enclosed by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions;
- Shall be fitted with DN 65 FDCs for fire
brigade;
- Shall allow fire brigade to access every
room on every storey of the building;
- Shall have minimum load of 630 kg if the
elevator is built in F1.3 apartment building or 1 000 kg if the elevator is
built in manufacturing facility or other public structure;
- Shall have minimum speed of H/60 (m/s)
where H refers to the lifting height (m);
- Have enclosing structures of elevator cabs
made from non-combustible materials or mildly flammable materials.
6.14 Guardrails
or handrails compliant with applicable standards are required on roof of
buildings where roof pitch is 12 % or less and height from ground level to roof
overhang or upper edge of the exterior wall exceeds 10 m and on roof of
buildings where roof pitch exceeds 12 % and height from ground level to roof
overhang exceeds 7 m. These guardrails and handrails are also required on flat
roofs, balconies, loggias, open corridors, outdoor open staircases, stair
stringers and landings regardless of fire height of the building.
6.15 Water
supply system for firefighting of building must allow access and use by fire
brigade and firefighting equipment at all time.
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6.17 Fire
command center
6.17.1 Houses and public structures with more
than 10 storeys; buildings with 2 to 3 basements; public assembly structures
(theaters, cinemas, discotheques, karaoke venues that require at least 2 exit
accesses according to A.4, and buildings with similar occupancies where
occupant load of each storey according to Schedule G.9 (Appendix G) exceeds 50
people); garages (parking spaces for motor vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles),
manufacturing facilities, storage facilities with total floor area exceeding 18
000 m2 require fire command centers which must be stationed by
standby trained employees on a regular basis.
6.17.2 Fire command center must:
- Be large enough to accommodate equipment
required by the building’s fire protection requirements and not smaller than 6
m2;
- Have 2 entryways: one of which leads to an
outdoor open space and the other leads to the main corridors for evacuation;
- Be physically separated from other sections
of the building by type 1 fire-resistance-rated fire protection assemblies;
- Be fitted with communication devices and
act as contact point of fire alarm system to keep contact with other sections
of the building;
- Be fitted with panels to monitor and
control fire extinguishing equipment, smoke control equipment, and contain
layout of the building which specifies location of firefighting equipment.
6.18 All basements in a building with 2 to 3
basements must be equipped with two-way emergency communication system to
facilitate communication between fire command centers and:
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- All rooms equipped with control units of
smoke control system;
- Fire service elevators;
- Emergency holding areas;
- Ventilation system control rooms.
7 ORGANIZING
IMPLEMENTATION
7.1 Transition clauses
7.1.1 Construction design dossiers that have been
revised or approved for fire prevention and firefighting by competent
authorities before the effective date hereof shall remain effective and shall
be complied with.
7.1.2 Construction design dossiers that have been
revised or approved for fire prevention and firefighting by competent
authorities from the effective date hereof must comply with this Regulation.
7.2 Ministry of Construction is responsible for
popularizing and guiding the application of this Regulation to relevant
entities.
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7.4 Local competent authorities in fire
prevention and firefighting and construction are responsible for cooperating in
promulgating regulations pertaining to technical specifications in order to
design and build fire lane and fire engine parking space depending on
characteristics of local firefighting equipment.
7.5 Difficulties that arise during the
implementation of this Regulation should be reported to the Science - Technology
and Environment Department - Ministry of Construction.
APPENDIX
A
(regulations)
ADDITIONAL
REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO SPECIFIC BUILDING TYPES
A.1 Manufacturing facility and storage
facility
A.1.1 Scope
A.1.1.1 F5.1 and F5.2 manufacturing facilities
for producing products and goods with up to 1 basement.
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A.1.1.3 Not applicable to the following
buildings and rooms:
a) Storage facilities and storage rooms for
storing (keeping) dried mineral fertilizer, plant protection chemicals,
radioactive substances, non-flammable gases contained in bottles at pressure
greater than 70 kPa, cement, cotton, wheat flour, cattle feed, fur, fur-based
products, and agricultural products;
b) Buildings or rooms used as cold storage
and cereal storage;
c) Manufacturing facilities with at least 2
basements.
A.1.1.4 Not applicable to manufacturing
facilities that employ foreign standards pertaining to fire prevention and
firefighting in design according to Vietnamese laws as long as competent fire
and rescue police departments approve.
A.1.2 General provisions
A.1.2.1 Total building area shall equal the
sum of area of all storeys (above-ground storeys, including mechanical floors,
semi-basements, and basements) which is measured within the inside of
surrounding walls (or the center of surrounding pillars in regard to areas that
lack surrounding walls); tunnels; floors of supporting platforms, floors of
mezzanines; floors of other supporting platforms in the buildings; loading
platforms (docks); corridors in the buildings and corridors connecting other
buildings. Total building area shall not include: area of mechanical floors
whose height from the floor to the lowest point of upper protruding structure
is less than 1,8 m (where walkways for maintaining service ducts are not
required); area above the dropped ceiling; floor areas of multi-level
supporting platforms used for maintaining rails below bridge crane, maintaining
crane, conveyor belts, monorails, and lighting appliances.
A room whose clear height extends to 2
storeys in a multistorey building shall be included in total building area of a
storey.
For the purpose of determining the total
number of storeys of the building, the floor of each supporting platform and
mezzanine that is located at any elevation and larger than 40% of a storey’s
area shall count as one storey.
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Building area shall be determined by outside
circumference of buildings at height of the wall skirt, including any
projection, underpass, and building section that lacks enclosing structures.
A.1.2.2 Building volume shall be the sum of
volume of the above-ground sections calculated from the reference plane and the
below-ground sections from the finish floor of the lowest basement to the
reference plane.
Volume of above-ground sections and
below-ground sections of the building shall be calculated by exterior dimensions
of enclosing structures, including light-transmitting openings and vents of
each section of the building.
A.1.2.3 Height of rooms calculated from the
floor to the lowest point of ceiling or roof projection must not be lower than
2,2 m. Height of regularly attended walkways and means of egress calculated
from the floor to the lowest point of service duct and equipment projection
must not be lower than 2,0 m; such height of non-regularly attended walkways
must not be lower than 1,8 m. Clear height of passages for fire engine entrance
must not be lower than 4,5 m.
A.1.2.4 In regard to mechanical floors, if the
involved technology requires walkways for maintenance of technical equipment,
service ducts, and auxiliary technology equipment located therein, the height
of these walkways must be selected in a manner that satisfies A.1.2.3.
A.1.2.5 Exits from basements must be located
outside of operation range of lifting and carrying equipment.
A.1.2.6 Width of vestibules and fire
protection vestibules outside of elevator doors must be at least 0,5 m wider
than elevator door width (0,25 m to each door leaf), and depth of these
vestibules must not be less than 1,2 and must be at least 0,2 m wider than
elevator door width.
If these structures are used by wheelchair-bound
persons, these vestibules must be at least 1,8 m deep and at least 1,4 m wide.
A.1.2.7 Rooms with fire and explosion risk
classes A and B are required to be fitted with detachable exterior sheets.
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- Steel, aluminum;
- Soft roof tiles, metal roof tiles;
- Rock and materials that retain heat
effectively.
Area of detachable exterior sheets must be
determined via calculation. If figures for calculation are insufficient, area
of detachable exterior sheets must not be less than 0,05 m2 per 1 m3
of volume of class A rooms and not be less than 0,03 m2 per 1 m3
of volume of class B rooms.
NOTE 1: If glass of 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm thick
is used as detachable exterior sheets, the minimum area must be 0,8 m2,
1,0 m2, and 1,5 m2 respectively. Tempered glass, double
pane, triple pane, stalinite glass, and polycarbonate are not allowed for use
as detachable exterior sheets.
NOTE 2: Roll-type coverings of detachable
exterior sheets of the roof must be grouped into sections not larger than 180 m2.
NOTE 3: Calculated load of detachable
exterior sheets on the roof must not exceed 0,7 kPa.
A.1.3 Premise - spatial arrangement
A.1.3.1 In regard to building where height
from ground plane to upper edge or ledge of walls supporting the roof exceeds
or equals 10 m, every 40 000 m2 of roof surface requires 1 roof
access, roof surface that does not add up to 40 000 m2 also requires
1 roof access. Roof access shall be outdoor open steel stairs in case of
single-storey building or stairwells in case of multistorey building.
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A.1.3.2 The positioning of rooms with
different fire and explosion risk classes in the same building and separation
thereof must comply with fire-resistance rating requirements of enclosing
structures of those rooms, means of egress, exit accesses, smoke ventilation
equipment, vestibules, fire protection vestibules, stairwells, ladders, and
roof accesses mentioned under relevant sections of this Regulation and
specialized regulations and standards.
Rooms with storage and administrative
occupancies are allowed in manufacturing facilities; storeys with manufacturing
or administrative occupancies are allowed in storage facilities if fire
separation distance under Appendix E and relevant regulations of this
Regulation are fulfilled.
In regard to S0 single-storey transit storage
(bonded warehouses) with fire resistance category I or II, if exit corridors are
enclosed by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and maintained at positive
pressure in case of fire, the length of these corridors shall be excluded from
the length of means of egress.
A.1.3.3 If storage is located in manufacturing
facilities, the maximum area and height (number of storeys) of storage in a
fire compartment must not exceed values under Appendix H.
If area of supporting platform floor,
multilevel supporting platform floor, and mezzanine floor exceeds 40% of floor
area, floor area shall be determined in the same manner as multistorey
building.
A.1.3.4 If technology lines with different
fire and explosion risk classes are located in the same room or building,
measures must be taken to prevent the spread of fire and explosion between these
technology lines. Effectiveness of these measures must be assessed in
technology section of the project. If selected measures are ineffective,
technology lines with different fire and explosion risk classes must be
positioned in separate rooms and be physically separated in accordance with
Appendix E.
A.1.3.5 Basements containing C1, C2, C3 rooms
must be separated into fire subcompartments no larger than 3 000 m2 each by
type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions. These fire subcompartments must be
fitted with smoke protection in accordance with Appendix D. The upper floor of
these basements must be at least type 3 fire-resistance-rated floors. These
storeys must be physically separated from corridors by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions.
Corridors must have minimum width of 2 m and
lead directly outside or through a smokeproof stairwells.
A.1.3.6 All parts of loading platforms (docks)
and enclosing structures thereof that are adjacent to S0, S1 buildings with
fire resistance categories I, II, III, and IV must be made of non-combustible
materials.
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A.1.3.8 Selection of structures and materials
of finish and coatings of storage facilities and storage rooms must take into
account related factors in order to minimize dust.
Floor surface in areas where combustible gas,
dust, liquid, and other substances at an appropriate concentration which combust
or explode upon contact with sparks caused by collision with the floor or
static charge can form must be protected from static build up and sparks caused
by collision.
Storage of goods where temperature exceeds 60
oC must utilize heat-resistant floor.
A.1.3.9 Storage rooms in manufacturing
facilities must be isolated from rooms of other occupancies according to below
regulations.
Manufacturing rooms, mechanical rooms, and
storage rooms (F5 fire risk category by function) with fire and explosion risk
classes C1 to C3 which are positioned in houses and public buildings, unless
otherwise specified, must be physically separated from other rooms and
corridors by:
- Type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and
at least type 2 fire-resistance-rated floors in case of buildings with fire
resistance category I; or
- Type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and
at least type 3 fire-resistance-rated floors in case of buildings with fire
resistance categories I, II, III, IV.
Storage rooms, manufacturing rooms,
laboratories, and rooms with similar occupancies with fire and explosion risk
classes of C1, C2, and C3 or higher are not allowed in other buildings with
expected occupant load of 50 people.
Manufacturing rooms, mechanical rooms, and
storage rooms with fire and explosion risk class of C4 located in houses or public
buildings must be physically separated from other rooms and corridors by at
least type 2 fire-resistance-rated corridors.
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NOTE: High racks mean racks that are taller
than 5,5 m
A.1.3.10 Storage of goods with fire and
explosion risk class of C on high racks must be located in S0 single-storey
buildings with fire resistance categories I through IV.
Racks must have horizontal platforms that are
solid, made of non-combustible materials, and no more than 4 m away from one
another vertically.
A.1.3.11 If a storage room with the same fire
and explosion risk class is physically separated by partitions due to
technology or hygiene requirements, requirements applicable to the partitions
must be specified in the technology presentation of the project.
A.1.3.12 Window openings of storage facilities
must be additionally fitted with awning windows whose area is determined in a
manner that guarantees smoke ventilation in case of fire.
Windows are not required in storage rooms if
smoke ventilation system compliant with Appendix D has been installed.
A.2 F1.2, F4.2, F4.3 buildings (with fire
height from exceeding 50 m to 150 m) and multipurpose buildings
A.2.1 These buildings must have minimum fire
resistance category of I.
A.2.2 These buildings must be physically separated
into fire compartments longitudinally where height of each fire compartment
must not exceed 50 m. Fire compartments must be physically separated by fire-resistance-rated
walls and fire-resistance-rated floors or mechanical floors. Mechanical floors
shall be physically separated by fire-resistance-rated floors with minimum
fire-resistance rating of REI 90. Fire-resistance ratings of these
fire-resistance-rated walls and fire-resistance-rated floors shall conform to
A.2.24.
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A.2.3 The maximum allowable area of an above-ground
storey contained in a fire compartment is:
- Not larger than 3 000 m2 - for base blocks;
- Not larger than 1 500 m2 - for
F1.2 buildings (hotels, dorms);
- Not larger than 2 000 m2 - for
F1.3 buildings;
- Not larger than 2 500 m2 - for
remaining cases.
Walls and partitions between blocks must have
fire-resistance ratings not lower than values under A.2.24.
A.2.4 Rooms with assembly occupancy and number of
fixed seats ranging from exceeding 300 to 600 must not be located at fire
height above 15 m; number of fixed seats ranging from exceeding 150 - 300 must
not be located at fire height above 40 m; number of fixed seats ranging from
100 to 150 must not be located at fire height above 50 m. Public rooms located
at fire height above 50 m must have no more than 100 fixed seats.
A.2.5 If F3.2 and F3.6 food and drink vendors and
public rooms are located at fire height above 50 m and have occupant load
exceeding 50 people according to Schedule G.9 (Appendix G), travel distance
from exit accesses of all rooms in the building to the nearest smokeproof
stairwell must not exceed 20 m.
NOTE: In regard to storeys located at fire
height above 50 m without corridors enclosed by fire protection assemblies
according to A.2.24, travel distance to the entrance of smokeproof stairwells
must be calculated from the furthest point of rooms.
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A.2.6 Rooms with assembly occupancy where occupant
load may exceed 500 people must be physically separated from other rooms by
fire-resistance-rated walls and floors whose fire-resistance ratings comply
with A.2.24. Travel distance from exit accesses of these rooms to the nearest
smokeproof stairwells must not exceed 20 m.
A.2.7 Rooms regularly attended by persons with
disabilities must not be located at any storey above the second storey. Rooms
regularly attended by wheelchair-bound persons must not be located at any
storey above the first storey.
If persons with disabilities attend upper
storeys, additional measures must be taken to ensure that they can safely move
towards exit accesses or emergency holding areas in case of fire. The
additional measures must be explained via calculations on the basis of
applicable standard documents.
A.2.8 Storage rooms of newspaper, written materials,
and combustible materials that are larger than 50 m2 must not be located at
fire height above 50 m or below or adjacent to rooms with occupant load
exceeding 50 people according to Schedule G.9 (Appendix G).
A.2.9 Rooms with fire and explosion risk classes of
A and B are not allowed in the building.
A.2.10 Transformers of substations positioned
in or adjacent to the building must be dry-type transformer or oil-type
transformers filled with insulating oil, located on the first storey,
semi-basement, the first basement, or any mechanical floor. Electrical
substations must be physically separated by fire protection assemblies with
fire-resistance rating compliant with A.2.24.
Diesel generators are allowed as independent
power source and backup power source. In this case, rooms that contain diesel
generators can be located in the first basement or higher of building or
detached building when the following requirements are met:
- Fire-resistance ratings of load bearing
walls and floors of these rooms must not be lower than REI 180;
- Travel between rooms that contain diesel
generators and other rooms must cross type 1 fire protection vestibules which
are maintained at positive pressure in case of fire;
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- Analysis instruments must be installed in
order to detect fuel leak and emit signals to rooms of fire stations; emergency
venting must also be installed in form of mechanical ventilation;
- Automatic fire extinguishing equipment must
be installed in rooms where diesel generators are located;
- Volume of oil containers in frame
structures of each diesel generator must not exceed 1 m3;
- Capacity of diesel generator and the
supply, storage of fuel must guarantee operation of fire protection systems and
must be determined depending on necessary activation time of the generators in
case of fire.
Generators running on gas are allowed in
detached building as long as fire safety requirements under relevant standard
documents are fulfilled.
A.2.11 Elevator lobbies must be physically
separated from adjacent corridors and rooms by fire-resistance-rated partitions
with fire-resistance rating compliant with A.2.24.
Materials of elevator cabs must be similar to
those of fire service elevators.
A.2.12 Fire service elevators are required in
separate elevator shafts with independent elevator lobbies. Exit discharges
from these elevators must not go through common lobbies.
The number of fire service elevators in each
fire compartment must be calculated to ensure that travel distance from these
elevators to any point of storeys that they serve must not exceed 45 m.
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Tile and finish materials of enclosing
structural elements of cabs shall conform to A.2.25.
A.2.13 Fire-resistance rating of elevator
shafts and elevator machine rooms shall conform to A.2.24.
A.2.14 Corridors must be separated into
compartments by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions. Fire-resistance-rated
doors installed on these fire-resistance-rated partitions must be fitted with
door closers and have their clearance (other than bottom clearance) sealed. The
length of each corridor compartment must:
- Not exceed 30 m in case of residential
blocks.
- Not exceed 60 m in case of non-residential
blocks.
A.2.15 All smokeproof stairwells of building
must have discharges on the first storey and roof accesses through type 1
fire-resistance-rated doors.
A.2.16 Means of egress must be designed for
1,25 times the occupant load (other than rooms where performance shows take
place and other rooms with regulated number of seats).
A.2.17 If sections of a building or storey
are simultaneously occupied by different types of occupants or serve multiple occupancies
at the same time, evacuation requirements of the entire building or storey must
be calculated on the basis of whichever occupancy has the strictest evacuation
requirements or evacuation requirements must be determined for each building
section individually.
A.2.18 If a building, a storey, or a section
thereof serves multiple occupancies at different time of day, the occupancy
that involves the highest occupant load must serve as the basis for determining
evacuation requirements.
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A.2.20 Refuge floors and emergency holding
areas compliant with A.3.2 are required in buildings with fire height above 100
m.
A.2.21 Fire lanes and fire engine parking
spaces compliant with 6.2 are required.
A.2.22 Maintenance rooms for on-site
firefighting equipment must be equipped in accordance with applicable laws and
located on the storey below each fire compartment. Storage room of first-aid
firefighting equipment on the first storey must be adjacent to room where fire
protection system control center is located. Storage rooms of first-aid
firefighting equipment in fire compartments on upper storeys must be at most 30
m away from smokeproof stairwells or fire service elevators.
A.2.23 Prevention of flame spread on the
building exterior must conform to 4.32 and 4.33.
A.2.24 Fire resistance requirements of
buildings structures and components
A.2.24.1 Fire-resistance rating of structural
elements must not be lower than values under Schedule A.1.
Schedule A.1 -
Minimum fire-resistance rating of structural elements
Name of structural
elements (building components)
Minimum
fire-resistance rating of building with fire height of, m
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> 100 and ≤ 150
(1)
(2)
(3)
1. Load bearing pillars, load bearing
walls, bracing structures, truss, parts of floor between storeys and roofs of
buildings where attics are absent (girders, beams, floorboards) 1)
R 150
R 180
2. Non-load bearing exterior walls
E 60
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3. Floors between storeys (including attics
and storeys above the basements)
REI 120
REI 120
4. Parts of the roof
4.1 Tiles
RE 30
RE 30
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R 30
R 30
5. Parts of the roof serving evacuation and
rescue
5.1 Tiles
RE 120
RE 120
5.2 Girders, beams, purlins, frames,
bracing
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R 180
6. Staircase structures
6.1 Inner walls
REI 150
REI 180
6.2 Stringers and landings
R 60
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7. Fire-resistance-rated walls and
fire-resistance-rated floors
REI 150
REI 180
8. Shaft structures
8.1 Elevator shafts, service duct shafts,
technical ducts and trays that do not penetrate fire compartments
REI 120
REI 120
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REI 150 1)
REI 180 1)
9. Non-load bearing inner walls
(partitions)
9.1 Inner walls between dwelling units of
hotels, offices, and similar rooms
El 60
El 60
9.2 Walls separating rooms from atriums;
corridors from dwelling units of hotels and offices
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El (EIW) 60
9.3 Separating walls for emergency
generators and diesel power stations
REI 180
REI 180
9.4 Walls separating mercantile rooms
larger than 2 000 m2 and separating assembly rooms with occupant
load exceeding 500 people
El 180
El 180
9.5 Walls separating flats from one another
El 90
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9.6 Walls separating flats from corridors
and from other rooms
El 30
El 60
9.7 Walls separating elevator lobbies
El (EIW) 60
El (EIW) 60
9.8 Walls separating elevator lobbies from
vestibules of fire service elevators
El (EIW) 60
El (EIW) 90
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El (EIW) 60
El (EIW) 60
9.10 Walls separating rooms of life service
venues larger than 300 m2
El 60
El 60
9.11 Walls separating rooms storing
newspaper, printed materials, and similar
El 90
El 120
9.12 Walls separating rooms of electrical
substations
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El 60
1) Parts of the building such as load
bearing walls, load bearing pillars, truss structures, solid partitions,
parts of the floor (girders or floorboards) are classified as load bearing
parts of the building if they contribute to general stability and integrity
of the building in case of fire. Load bearing parts that do not contribute to
general stability of the building must be specified in technical documents of
the building by design departments.
NOTE 1: R rating of loading bearing
structural elements that are cushion of fire-resistance-rated floors must not
be lower than R rating of the fire-resistance-rated floors.
NOTE 2: Requirements pertaining to
fire-resistance ratings of non-load bearing exterior walls are allowed in
accordance with Note 5 and Note 6 under Schedule 4.
A.2.24.2 Doors, hatches, and protective
openings on structural elements that are required to have some fire resistance
capacity in accordance with Schedule A.1 must have minimum fire-resistance
rating of EI 30 (EIW 30) if the structural elements have fire-resistance rating
of EI 60 (EIW 60) and minimum fire-resistance of EI 60 (EIW 60) in all other
cases.
A.2.24.3 Doors of elevator lobbies and doors of
elevator machine rooms must be airtight doors.
A.2.24.4 Service ducts where water supply and
drainage pipelines made from non-combustible materials are located can be
fitted with type 2 fire-resistance-rated doors and dampers (EI 30).
A.2.25 Material use based on fire risk
categories
A.2.25.1 Roof tiling and covering materials
must be non-combustible materials. If waterproof coating of the roof is made
from combustible materials, the waterproof coating must be covered by
non-combustible materials with minimum thickness of 50 mm.
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A.2.25.3 Wall, ceiling finishes, dropped
ceiling decorations, and floor tiles in rooms must conform to Schedule B.9
(Appendix B).
A.2.25.4 In large rooms with more than 50 seats
for the audience, parts of soft chairs, curtains and blinds must not be made
from ignitable materials (BC3). Seats in these rooms must not be made from
materials with toxic potency higher than DT2 regardless of the number of seats.
Fabric products for interior decorations must
not be made from ignitable materials (BC3).
A.2.26 Installation of fire alarms,
firefighting equipment, and rescue equipment.
A.2.26.1 Buildings must be equipped with
automatic addressable fire alarm; automatic fire alarm in flats, offices,
corridors, elevator lobbies, waiting lounges, common lobbies, regularly attended
mechanical rooms, and similar rooms, except for rooms that are always wet in normal
conditions.
A.2.26.2 Buildings must be equipped with loud
speaker and evacuation guidance systems.
A.2.27 Water supply for firefighting
A.2.27.1 Water supply system for indoor
firefighting (pipelines and equipment) must be designed separately with pump
stations located separately from rooms with other occupancies.
A.2.27.2 Fire flow of each fire compartment
must be sufficient for 4 streams where fire flow of each stream must not be
lower than 2,5 L/s.
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A.2.27.4 2 couplings with appropriate diameter
are required to connect water supply system for indoor firefighting and
automatic fire extinguishing system with portable outdoor firefighting
equipment.
Shutoff valves and check valves are required
on the building side to adjust amount of water supplied into the system.
Outlets located outside of the building must be positioned in locations that
are accessible for fire engines and must be marked by understandable and clear
markings.
A.2.27.5 The positioning of sprinklers of
automatic water fire extinguishing system in rooms, corridors, means of egress,
and other parts must be able to protect windows (on the outside or inside of
the room), doorways of flats, offices, and other rooms whose doors open into corridors.
A.2.27.6 Minimum flow intensity of automatic
extinguishing systems shall be 0,08 L/(s∙m2).
A.2.27.7 In case of sprinkler extinguishing
system, minimum fire flow must be 10 L/s.
A.2.27.8 Vestibules of smokeproof stairwells
must be fitted with D 65 FDCs for use by fire brigade (of the dry pipe system).
These pipelines must be fitted with inlets on the first storey in order to
allow high-pressure pump of fire engines to connect.
A.2.28 Electrical system
A.2.28.1 Technical equipment below must remain
powered for at least 3 hours after a fire breaks out and by 2 independent
sources:
- Fire service elevators;
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- Automatic fire alarm and evacuation
guidance systems;
- Equipment affiliated to automatic fire
extinguishing and water supply systems;
- Fire protection equipment serving technical
equipment system;
- Equipment serving rescue - evacuation.
A.2.28.2 Electric cables from electrical
substation and independent power sources to input distribution device in each
fire compartment must be placed in separate channels (trays) with fire resistance
capacity complaint with A.2.24 or must be fire resistant cables.
A.2.28.3 Input distribution device of each fire
compartment must be fitted with breakers and protected by fire protection
measures.
A.2.28.4 Distribution cabinets of storeys and electrical
panels of flats require breakers. These cabinets must be able to prevent fire
from spreading beyond the cabinets.
A.2.28.5 The filling of annular spaces in areas
where cables and wires penetrate structural elements which require fire
resistance must have minimum fire-resistance rating equal to fire-resistance
rating of the structural elements that are penetrated by cables and wires.
A.2.28.6
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A.2.28.8 Electric cables and wires from input
cabinets to fire protection systems (electrical equipment of fire extinguishing
system, fire alarms, smoke extraction, emergency lighting, and similar equipment)
must be made from fire-resistant cables (mineral-insulated electrical wires and
electrical cables or other electrical wires and cables with minimum
fire-resistance rating of 120 minutes).
A.2.29 Ventilation and smoke protection
system
A.2.29.1 Rooms with different occupancies in
the same fire compartment must be served by separate heating, ventilation, air
conditioning system.
A.2.29.2 Rooms where ventilation equipment is
located must be placed in fire compartments that they serve. Ventilation equipment
of systems that serve different rooms are allowed to be placed in the same
room, except for the following cases:
- Equipment of air supply system that uses
recirculated air and serves rooms with fire and explosion risk classes C1
through C3 must not be placed in the same space as equipment of system that
serves rooms with other explosion risk classes;
- Equipment of air supply system that serves
dwelling units must not be placed in the same space as equipment of air supply
system that serves rooms dedicated to life services and equipment of air
exhaust system;
- Equipment of air exhaust system (expels air
with odors outside, from smoking rooms, bathrooms, and similar rooms) must not
be placed in the same space as equipment of air supply system;
- Equipment of localized exhaust system for
explosive compounds must not be placed in the same space as equipment of other
systems.
A.2.29.3 Ventilation systems that serve
different fire compartments must not use the same inlets. Horizontal distance
between air inlets located on adjacent fire compartments must not be lower than
3 m.
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A.2.29.5 Air pipes and collector pipes of every
system in fire compartments that they serve shall comply with the following
regulations:
- Be made from non-combustible materials and
minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 15 as long as air pipes must be placed in
a common shaft whose enclosing structures have minimum fire-resistance rating
of REI 120 and fire dampers must be fitted in areas where the pipes penetrate
the enclosing structure;
- Be made from non-combustible materials and
fitted with fire dampers in all areas where the pipes penetrate walls,
partitions, and floors which are required to be fire resistant;
- Air pipe segments situated outside of fire
compartments that they serve, starting from fire protection assemblies on the
exterior of the fire compartments, must have minimum fire-resistance rating of
EI 180.
A.2.29.6 If air pipes and collector pipes of
all systems serving different fire compartments are placed in the same channel
or shaft, enclosing structures of the channel or shaft must have minimum
fire-resistance rating of REI 180 while the pipes must:
- Have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI
60 if the pipes are located in fire compartments that they serve and be fitted
with fire dampers where they penetrate enclosing structures of the channel and
shaft;
- Have minimum fire-resistance rating of EI
60 if the pipes are located outside of fire compartments that they serve and be
fitted with fire dampers where they penetrate fire-resistance-rated floors on
the edge of fire compartments (the floor has fire-resistance rating of REI
180).
A.2.29.7 Air pipes required to be fire
resistant must be made from non-combustible materials, have minimum thickness
of 0,8 mm, and be fitted with apparatus for compensating for linear thermal
expansion. The fitting of joints of air pipes must be done by non-combustible
materials.
A.2.29.8 Fire dampers must be fitted with
remote control and automatic control schemes. Intumescent fire dampers are not
allowed. Fire-resistance rating of fire dampers must:
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- Not be lower than EI 60 - if respective
fire protection assemblies have fire-resistance rating of REI 60.
A.2.29.9 Smoke extraction system must fulfill
the following requirements:
- Fire-resistance rating of ventilation fans
must allow the fans to operate under calculated temperature of the airflow;
- Air ducts and channels must be made from
non-combustible materials with minimum fire-resistance rating of:
EI 180 - for air ducts and channels located
outside of fire compartments that they serve;
EI 120 - for vertical air ducts and channels
located in fire compartments that they serve;
- Smoke dampers must be fitted with remote
and automatic control schemes and have minimum fire-resistance rating of:
EI 60 - for parking spaces of motor vehicles
and isolated corridors of enclosed parking garages;
EI 45 - for rooms with minimum occupant load
of 50 people, according to Schedule G.9 (Appendix G) and for atriums;
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A.2.29.10 Exhaust fans for expelling combustion
products must be positioned in separate rooms and enclosed by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions.
A.2.29.11 Shafts enclosing pipelines of air
supply system for smoke control must have minimum fire-resistance rating equal
to fire-resistance rating of floors that they penetrate. The required
fire-resistance rating of air pipes of air supply system must not be lower
than:
EI 60 - for storey-based air ducts of system
that supplies air in fire protection vestibules and isolated corridors of
enclosed parking garages;
EI 30 - for air ducts of system that supplies
air in stairwells and elevator shafts, and fire protection vestibules above the
ground.
A.2.29.12 Fire dampers of air supply system for
smoke control must have minimum fire-resistance rating equal to the required
fire-resistance rating of air ducts of this system.
A.2.29.13 The control of equipment and operation
of smoke protection system must be done automatically (even fire detection
system) and remotely (from control tables of standby employees and buttons
located along means of egress of storeys or fire hose cabinets). In all fire
drill scenarios, regular ventilating and air conditioning systems (that are not
fitted with smoke control mode) must be shut down while smoke extraction and
air supply for smoke control systems must be engaged.
A.2.29.14 Information pertaining to location and
conditions of equipment and operation of smoke protection system must be
monitored and distinguished at control stations.
A.2.29.15 Mechanisms and working equipment of
smoke protection system must have operation reliability represented by minimum
safety factor of 0,999.
A.2.30 Rubbish collection system
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A.2.30.2 Rubbish intake doors must be placed in
separate rooms which are physically separated from other spaces by
fire-resistance-rated partitions with minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 120.
Fire-resistance-rated doors fitted on these partitions must have minimum
fire-resistance rating of EI 60, be equipped with door closers, and have their
clearance sealed.
A.3 F1.3 apartment buildings with fire height
ranging from exceeding 75 m to 150 m
A.3.1 Buildings with fire height ranging from
75 m to 100 m
A.3.11. Minimum fire resistance category shall
be I, fire resistance requirements of building structures and components shall
conform to A.2.24, except for cases under A.3.1.10 and A.3.1.14.
A.3.1.2 Buildings must be divided into fire
compartments longitudinally where height of the bottommost fire compartment
must not exceed 75 m and height of subsequent fire compartments must not exceed
50 m. Fire compartments must be physically separated by fire-resistance-rated
floors with minimum fire-resistance-rating of REI 150 or by mechanical floors
whose horizontal load bearing structures (floors and ceilings) must have
minimum fire-resistance rating of REI 90.
A.3.1.3 The maximum allowable area of a storey
in a fire compartment shall be determined in accordance with A.2.3.
A.3.1.4 Joints between fire-resistance-rated
floors, fire protection assemblies and enclosing structures of buildings must
be protected in order to prevent fire from spreading through fire protection
assemblies. Prevention of flame spread on building exterior must conform to
4.32 and 4.33.
A.3.1.5 Each fire compartment along the
building height must be protected by independent fire protection systems (water
supply for firefighting, smoke ventilation, emergency lighting, fire alarm,
automatic fire extinguishing). Fire compartments can share fire pump stations,
water supply pump stations, smoke exhaust fans, and fire alarm control units.
A.3.1.6 Awnings made from non-combustible
materials with minimum width of 1,0 m must be fitted above entrances to garages
on the first storey in a manner that the distance from these awnings to the
lower edge of upper windows must not be lower than 4,0 m.
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A.3.1.8 Clear width of stringers and landings
of N1 and N3 stairwells in residential section of buildings must not be lower
than 1,20 m; clear width of stringers and landings of N2 stairwells must not be
lower than 1,05 m while clear width between stringers must not be lower than
100 mm.
A.3.1.9 All smokeproof stairwells must have
stringers leading to the roof via type 2 fire-resistance-rated doors.
A.3.1.10 Sections serving other occupancies of
the buildings (including mechanical rooms, auxiliary rooms serving residential
sections) must be physically separated from residential section by solid
fire-resistance-rated walls with fire-resistance rating REI 150 and type 1
fire-resistance-rated floors and fitted with separate exit accesses.
A.3.1.11 Thermal insulation layer (if any) of
exterior wall must be made from non-combustible materials. Thermal insulation
layer made from Ch1 or Ch2 materials is allowed if it is protected from all
sides by concrete or plaster with minimum thickness of 50 mm. The thickness of
this concrete (plaster) layer on exterior walls where windows and doors are
located must not be lower than 30 mm.
A.3.1.12 Fire-resistance-rated doors must be
fitted on a case-by-case basis as follows:
a) Other than cases under Points b) and c)
below, minimum fire-resistance rating of doors must be EI 30 (EIW 30) if these
doors are fitted in structural elements with fire-resistance rating of EI 60
(EIW 60); minimum fire-resistance rating of doors must be EI 60 (EIW 60) in
remaining cases.
b) Type 2 fire-resistance rated doors are
required when: the doors leading from vestibules to smokeproof stairwells,
elevators, and rubbish intake rooms.
c) Hoistway doors leading into elevator
lobbies must be smoketight doors.
A.3.1.13 Finishes of ceilings, walls, and
floors on means of egress, elevator lobbies, common lobbies, and mechanical
floors must be made from non-combustible materials.
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A.3.1.15 Primary pipelines along vertical axis
of technical ducts (water drainage, rainwater, hot and cold water supply) must
be made of non-combustible materials or placed in technical channels or trays
which are made of non-combustible materials. Requirements of rubbish collection
system shall conform to A.2.30.
A.3.1.16 Smoke protection of buildings, fire
alarms, and automatic fire extinguishing system shall conform to additional
regulations below:
a) All non-residential rooms (garages,
auxiliary rooms, mechanical rooms, public spaces, rubbish containers, and rooms
with similar occupancies) and rubbish chutes must be equipped with sprinklers
(other than electrical rooms, electronic rooms that require gaseous fire
suppression system or equipment;
b) Sprinklers connected to water supply
pipelines via flow switches must be fitted above doors to flats;
c) Automatic fire alarm system must indicate
address of each flat. Flats, corridors, and elevator lobbies must be fitted
with smoke detectors. Each flat must be fitted with public address system which
notifies and provides evacuation guidance for all occupants in case of
emergency;
d) Automatic fire alarm, firefighting
equipment and apparatus must be fitted in electrical and communication
channels, shafts, and other technical ducts prone to fire risks;
e) Electrical sources of fire protection
systems such as: elevators carrying fire brigade and firefighting equipment;
smoke protection system; automatic fire alarm, fire extinguishing system must
be provided by separate electrical boxes or panels which are painted in
different colors, travel in different paths towards distribution equipment of
each fire compartment.
A.3.1.17 Fire protection requirements for
electrical cables and wires of power sources which power fire prevention and
firefighting system shall conform to A.2.28.
A.3.2 Buildings with fire height ranging from
100 m to 150 m
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a) Each refuge floor must not be more than 20
storeys away from one another. The first refuge floors must not be positioned
higher than the 21st storey. Areas of a refuge floor where fire
emergency holding areas are located must be physically separated from other
areas by fire protection assemblies whose fire-resistance rating must not be
lower than REI 150. Areas other than fire emergency holding areas can serve
public occupancies. Flats must not be located on refuge floors in part or in
whole;
NOTE: A part or the entire mechanical floor
can serve as fire emergency holding areas if requirements under Points b), c),
d), e), f).
b) Fire emergency holding areas must have the
required space per person of 0,3 m2/person and must have sufficient
space for the largest number of occupants evacuating from all storeys between
the storey where fire emergency holding areas are located and storey where the
next fire emergency holding areas are located and the remaining upper storeys
in case of the topmost refuge floors. Fire emergency holding areas must not
serve mercantile occupancy; fire emergency holding areas can serve as
playgrounds for children or sports grounds;
NOTE: The largest number of occupants
evacuating from difference spaces of the buildings or building sections shall
be determined in accordance with G.3, Appendix G. With respect to buildings and
buildings section other than F1.3 buildings or F1.3 building sections, A.2.16
shall additionally apply.
c) Fire emergency holding areas must receive
natural ventilation via fixed wall openings located on 2 exterior walls (vent
openings) which must meet the following requirements:
- Total area of vent openings must be equal
to or greater than 25% of area of fire emergency holding areas;
- The minimum height of vent openings (from
the bottom edge to the upper edge) must be 1,2 m;
- Vent openings of fire emergency holding
areas must be at least 1,5 m horizontally and 3,0 m vertically away from other
unprotected wall openings which are orthogonally adjacent to these vent
openings. If vent openings serving fire emergency holding areas are not smaller
than 50% of the area of fire emergency holding areas, the vertical distance can
be lowered to 1,5 m;
d) All equipment and tools located in fire
emergency holding areas must be made of non-combustible materials;
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f) Fire emergency holding areas must be
equipped with fire protection equipment such as: standpipe outlets, automatic
sprinkler extinguishing system, emergency lighting, phones for communicating
with the outside, public address system that provides evacuation guidelines,
and similar equipment;
g) Signs that read “GIAN LÁNH NẠN/FIRE
EMERGENCY HOLDING AREA” must be positioned on stair side and building side of
exit access stairwells at a height of 1 500 mm from finish surface of landings
or floors. Letter height must not be lower than 50 mm;
NOTE: In additional to Vietnamese and
English, additional languages are allowed depending on the types of occupants.
h) Area of fire emergency holding areas can
be excluded from land use factor and total floor area.
A.4 Karaoke and discotheque service venues
(F2.1)
A.4.1 Fire resistance category of karaoke and
discotheque service venues must conform to this regulation and must not be
lower than category IV.
A.4.2 Storeys of karaoke and discotheque service
venues must have at least 2 exit accesses.
Each storey can have one exit access when all
requirements below are met:
- In regard to buildings with fire height not
exceeding 15 m, area of the storey in question must not exceed 300 m2.
In regard to buildings with fire height from exceeding 15 m to 21 m, area of
the storey in question must not exceed 200 m2.
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- Occupant load of each storey does not
exceed 20 people;
- At least one additional fire exit from
storeys to open balconies or to control areas on open roof or to type 3
staircases is required.
NOTE: Open balcony or open rooftop means the
balcony or rooftop is not enclosed and enclosing structures (if any) must
facilitate evacuation and rescue for the fire brigade.
A.4.3 Exit accesses from each storey of karaoke and
discotheque service venues must lead into stairwells via type 2
fire-resistance-rated doors. Means of egress on each storey must be protected
by fire protection assemblies with fire-resistance ratings as follows:
a) In case of buildings with fire resistance
category I - non-combustible materials with minimum fire-resistance rating of
EI 30;
b) In case of buildings with fire resistance
category of II, III, or IV - non-combustible or mildly flammable (Ch1)
materials with minimum fire-resistance rating of EI 15.
A.4.4 Additional eye-level exit signs are required
along means of egress in accordance with TCVN 13456.
A.4.5 Floor finishes, decorations (including
dropped ceiling tiles if any), tiles, and coverings in karaoke and discotheque
service venues must have minimum fire risk level CV1.
A.4.6 Fire command centers (if any) must conform to
6.17.
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A.4.8 Fire alarm sirens and lights must be
positioned in corridors, common lobbies, and rooms of karaoke and discotheque
service venues. Electrical system of audio and visual systems must have
fail-safe connection and be automatically shut down in case of activation of
automatic fire alarm system and in case of manual shut down (button for manual
shut down is located in fire command centers or in receptionist and appropriate
signs are erected) in case of fire.
A.4.9 Karaoke and discotheque service venues must
have open rooftop and elevated entry in accordance with 6.3.1 through 6.3.4 to
allow fire brigade to make entry.
A.4.10 Advertising panels of karaoke and
discotheque service venues must conform to QCVN 17:2018/BXD.
NOTE: The inspection, rectification, and
assurance of fire safety in accordance with this Regulation in karaoke and
discotheque service venues which are operated before the effective date hereof
shall be carried out in accordance with specific instructions of competent
authority.
APPENDIX
B
(regulations)
CLASSIFICATION
OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS BASED ON FIRE-RELATED TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATIONS AND
FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF MATERIALS
B.1 Classification of construction materials
based on fire-related technical characteristics
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Construction materials shall be classified
into: combustible materials and non-combustible materials according to
combustibility test results below:
Non-combustible materials are those that are
accompanied by the following elements throughout the test:
- Temperature increase of the oven does not
exceed 50 oC;
- Mass of the sample does not reduce by more
than 50 %;
- Duration of sustained flaming does not exceed
10 s.
Combustible materials are those that are not
accompanied by any of the elements above.
NOTE: Test parameters shall be determined in
accordance with TCVN 12695 (ISO 1182) or similar standards.
EXAMPLE: Materials classified as
non-combustible materials are inorganic materials such as concrete, baked
clays, ceramic, metal, masonry units, plaster, and similar materials.
B.1.2 Combustibility classes of materials
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Combustibility
class
Parameters
Air temperature in
exhaust pipe, T, oC
Reduction to sample
length, L, %
Reduction to sample
mass, m, %
Duration of
sustained flaming, s
Ch1 - mildly flammable
≤ 135
≤ 65
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0
Ch2 - moderately flammable
≤ 235
≤ 85
≤ 50
≤ 30
Ch3 - flammable
≤ 450
> 85
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≤ 300
Ch4 - highly flammable
> 450
> 85
> 50
> 300
NOTE 1: Test parameters shall be determined
in accordance with applicable national standards or equivalent standards
pertaining to combustibility test for construction materials.
NOTE 2: If tests are organized in
accordance with TCVN 12695 (ISO 1182), materials that meet the following
requirements are also classified as Ch1:
- Temperature increase of the oven does not
exceed 50 oC;
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- Duration of sustained flaming does not
exceed 20 s.
B.1.3 Ignitability classes of materials
Schedule B.2 - Ignitability
classes of materials
Ignitability
classes
Maximum surface
heat flux, kW/m2
BC1 - barely
ignitable
≥ 35
BC2 - moderately
ignitable
≥ 20 and < 35
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< 20
NOTE: Maximum surface heat flux shall be
determined in accordance with ISO 5657 or equivalent standards.
B.1.4 Flame spread classes of materials
Schedule B.3 - Flame
spread classes of materials
Flame spread
classes
Maximum surface
heat flux, kW/m2
LT1 - no spread
≥ 11
LT2 - limited spread
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LT3 - moderate spread
≥ 5 and < 8
LT4 - rapid spread
< 5
NOTE: Test parameters shall be determined
in accordance with ISO 5658-2, ISO 9239 or equivalent standards
B.1.5 Smoke production classes of materials
Schedule B.4 - Smoke
production classes of materials
Smoke production
classes
Smoke production
rate, m2/kg
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≤ 50
SK2 - moderate smoke production
> 50 and ≤ 500
SK3 - high smoke production
> 500
NOTE: Smoke production rate of materials
shall be determined in accordance with ISO 5660-2 or equivalent standards.
B.1.6 Toxic potency classes of materials
Schedule B.5 - Toxic
potency classes of materials
Toxic potency
classes
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5
15
30
60
DT1 - low toxic potency
> 210
> 150
> 120
> 90
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> 70 and ≤ 210
> 50 and ≤ 150
> 40 and ≤ 120
> 30 and ≤ 90
DT3 - high toxic potency
> 25 and ≤ 70
> 17 and ≤ 50
> 13 and ≤ 40
> 10 and ≤ 30
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≤ 25
≤ 17
≤ 13
≤ 10
NOTE: Test parameters and calculation of HCL50
shall comply with ISO 13344 or equivalent standards.
B.1.7 Fire risk levels
Schedule B.6 - Fire
risk levels of materials
Fire-related
technical characteristics
Fire risk levels of
materials
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CV1
CV2
CV3
CV4
CV5
1. Combustibility
Non-combustible
Ch1
Ch1
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Ch3
Ch4
2. Ignitability
-
BC1
BC2
BC2
BC2
BC3
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-
SK2
SK2
SK3
SK3
SK3
4. Toxic potency of combustion products
-
DT2
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DT2
DT3
DT4
5. Flame spread
-
LT1
LT1
LT2
LT2
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NOTE: List of fire risk classification of
construction materials for the purpose of determining fire risk classes from
CV0 to CV5 of construction materials is specified under Schedule B.7.
Schedule B.7 - List
of required fire risk classification depending on use of construction materials
Construction
materials
Required fire risk
classification depending on use of construction materials
Combustibility
classification
Flame spread
classification
Ignitability
classification
Smoke production
classification
Toxic potency
classification
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+
-
+
+
+
2. Floorings, including carpets
-
+
+
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+
3. Roof tiles
+
+
+
-
-
4. Anti-absorbent and air sealing materials
thicker than 0,2 mm
+
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+
-
-
5. Thermal insulation materials
+
-
+
+
+
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NOTE 1: A “+” symbol means this
classification is required
NOTE 2: A “-” symbol means this
classification is not required
NOTE 3: If anti-absorbent materials are
used as roof tiles, section 3 shall prevail.
B.2 Fire safety requirements for materials
Schedule B.8 - Range
of application of finishes, decorations, tiles, and floorings on means of
egress
Fire risk category
by function of buildings, constructions, and fire compartments
Number of storeys
and height of building
Fire risk levels of
materials
used on walls and
ceilings (including dropped ceilings if any)
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Entrance halls,
stairwells, elevator lobbies
Common corridors,
waiting halls
Entrance halls,
stairwells, elevator lobbies
Common corridors,
waiting halls
F1.2; F1.3; F2.3; F2.4; F3.1; F3.2; F3.6;
F4.2; F4.3; F4.4; F5.1; F5.2, F5.3
≤ 9 storeys or ≤ 28 m
CV2
CV3
CV3
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> 9 storeys and ≤ 17 storeys; or > 28
m and ≤ 50 m
CV1
CV2
CV2
CV3
17 storeys or ≤ 50 m
CV0
CV1
CV1
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F1.1; F2.1; F2.2; F3.3; F3.4; F3.5; F4.1
Regardless of number of storeys or height
CV0
CV1
CV1
CV2
Schedule B.9 - Range
of application of finishes, decorations, tiles, and floorings in common rooms,
other than sports grounds and floors of dancing rooms
Fire risk category
by function of buildings
Room occupant load,
people
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used on walls and
ceilings (including dropped ceilings if any)
used as floorings
F1.2;
F2.3; F2.4;
F31; F3.2; F3.6;
F4.2; F4.3; F4.4;
F5.1
> 800
CV0
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> 300 and ≤ 800
CV1
CV2
> 50 and ≤ 300
CV2
CV3
≤ 50
CV3
CV4
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F2.1; F2.2;
F3.3; F3.4; F3.5;
F4.1
> 300
CV0
CV2
> 15 and ≤ 300
CV1
CV2
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CV3
CV4
APPENDIX
C
(regulations)
FIRE
AND EXPLOSION RISK CLASSES OF BUILDINGS, CONSTRUCTIONS, AND ROOMS WITH
MANUFACTURING AND STORAGE OCCUPANCIES
C.1 Fire and explosion risk classes of rooms
Schedule C.1 - Fire
and explosion risk classes of room
Fire and explosion
risk class of room
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A
High fire and
explosion risk
- Combustible gas, ignitable liquid whose
flashpoint is 28 oC or lower, in sufficient amount to create
explosive gas - vapour mixture, which upon combustion will create a gauge
pressure of more than 5 kPa in the room.
- Substances and materials that explode or
combust upon contact with water, oxygen or one another, in sufficient amount
to create an explosion whose gauge pressure in the room exceeds 5 kPa.
B
Fire and explosion
risk
Combustible dust or fabric materials,
ignitable liquid, with flashpoint exceeding 28 oC, combustible
liquid, in sufficient amount to create explosive gas - dust or gas - vapour,
which when ignited will create a gauge pressure of exceeding 5 kPa in the
room.
C1 through C4
Fire risk
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- These rooms are then further classified
into classes C1 through C4 depending on fire loads of substances contained
therein:
C1 - Fire load exceeds 2 200 MJ/m2;
C2 - Fire load ranges from 1 401 MJ/m2
to 2 200 MJ/m2;
C3 - Fire load ranges from 181 MJ/m2
to 1 400 MJ/m2;
C4 - Fire load ranges from 1 MJ/m2
to 180 MJ/m2.
D
Moderate fire risk
Non-combustible substances and materials in
hot, incandescent, or molten state where work process is accompanied by heat
radiation, sparks, and flame; combustible solid, liquid, and gases used as
fuel.
E
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Non-combustible substances and materials in
a cold state.
C.2 Fire and explosion risk classes of buildings
and constructions
C.2.1 Class A
C.2.1.1 Buildings and constructions shall be
placed in class A if area of all class A rooms in these buildings and
constructions exceed 5% of total area of rooms in the buildings or
constructions and exceed 200 m2.
C.2.1.2 Buildings and constructions shall not
be placed in class A if area of all class A rooms in these buildings and
constructions does not exceed 25% of total area of rooms of the buildings and
constructions (without exceeding 1 000 m2) and all class A rooms are
equipped with automatic extinguishing system.
C.2.2 Class B
C.2.2.1 Buildings and constructions shall be
placed in class B if requirements below are simultaneously met:
- The buildings and constructions are not
placed in class A;
- Area of all class A and B rooms exceeds 5%
of total area of rooms in the buildings and constructions or exceed 200 m2.
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C.2.3 Class C
C.2.3.1 Buildings and constructions shall be
placed in class C if requirements below are simultaneously met:
The buildings and constructions are not
placed in class A or class B;
Area of all class A, class B, class C1, class
C2, and class C3 rooms exceeds 5 % (or 10 % if there are no class A and class B
rooms in these buildings and constructions) of total area of rooms of the
buildings and constructions.
C.2.3.2 Buildings and constructions shall not
be placed in class C if area of all class A, class B, class C1, class C2, and
class C3 rooms in these buildings and constructions does not exceed 25% of
total area of rooms of the buildings and constructions (without exceeding 3 500
m2) and all of these rooms are equipped with automatic extinguishing
system.
C.2.4 Class D
C.2.4.1 Buildings and constructions shall be
placed in class D if requirements below are simultaneously met:
- The buildings and constructions are not
placed under class A, class B, or class C;
- Area of all class A, class B, class C1,
class C2, class C3, and class D rooms does exceeds 5% total area of rooms in
the buildings and constructions.
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C.2.5 Class E
Buildings and constructions shall be placed
in class E if they are not placed in class A, class B, class C, or class D.
C.3 Methods for identifying classification
criteria
C.3.1 Methods for identifying classification
criteria for fire and explosion risk classes of buildings, constructions, and
rooms are prescribed in standards.
C.3.2 Several buildings and rooms associated to
factories, warehouses, and production units are classified as follows:
C.3.2.1 Class A
- Factories where potassium and sodium are
produced and/or used;
- Factories where synthetic fibers and
synthetic rubber are made;
- Factories where gasoline and oil are
produced;
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- Factories where synthetic liquid fuel is
produced, organic water-soluble liquid whose flashpoint is 28 oC or
lower is retrieved and distilled;
- Storage of flammable gas container and
gasoline;
Storage rooms of alkaline and lead-acid
batteries of power plants;
Pump stations of liquid with flashpoint of 28
oC or lower.
C.3.2.2 Class B
- Factories where coal dust and sawdust are
produced and transported, washing stations of barrels of mazut oil and other
liquid whose flashpoint ranges from 28 oC to 61 oC;
- Stations for milling and grinding solid
matters, factories where synthetic rubber is produced, factories where sugar is
produced, mazut oil storage of power plants, pump stations of liquid whose
flashpoint ranges from 28 oC to 61 oC.
C.3.2.3 Class C
- Wood cutting stations, stations where
wooden handicrafts are produced;
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- Paper mills with dry pulping process;
- Factories for preparing cotton, fute, and
other fabrics.
- Filtering and drying stations in seed
milling factories and storage;
- Factories where oil and grease
regeneration, asphalt distillation take place, storage of combustible materials
and oil and grease;
- Electrical distribution equipment with
circuit breaker and electrical equipment with more than 60 kg of grease and oil
per equipment unit;
- Conveyor belts for transporting fossil
coal, peat;
- Enclosed storage of coal, assorted
commodities, pump stations of liquid with flashpoint above 61 oC.
C.3.2.4 Class D
- Metal casting and metallurgy factories,
forging and welding factories;
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- Metal hot-rolling, hot-working factories;
- Building sections where internal combustion
engines are located;
- High-voltage laboratories;
- Main buildings of power plants (furnace
rooms, turbine rooms, and similar);
- Boiler stations.
C.3.2.5 Class E
- Metal cold-working factories (except for
magnesium alloys);
- Ore yard;
- Caustic soda manufacturing factories
(except for furnace sections);
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- Acid regeneration factories;
- Electric vehicle and electric locomotive
repair stations;
- Factories for crushing, shaping, and
cold-rolling asbestos minerals, salt, and other non-combustible ingredients;
- Factories associated with textile and
papermaking industry with wet pulping process;
- Factories where food, fish, meat, dairy
processing takes place;
- Electrical control stations;
- Water purification plants (sedimentation,
filtration, bleaching, and constructions with similar occupancies);
- Water pump and suction stations of power
plants;
- Components containing carbonic acid and
chloride, cooling towers, pump stations of non-combustible liquid.
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APPENDIX
D
(regulations)
SMOKE
PROTECTION
D.1 General requirements
D.1.1 Smoke protection for buildings and
constructions serve to prevent and/or minimize the passage of smoke and
combustion products (hereinafter collectively referred to as “smoke”) in the
building in order to:
- Ensure safety for people evacuating and
protect property in case of fire;
- Create all necessary conditions to allow
fire brigade to rescue people, discover and zone fire in the building.
D.1.2 Smoke protection solutions for buildings and
construction include:
- Compartmentalization and isolation of smoke
into smoke compartments;
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- Smoke ventilation: including natural or
mechanical smoke extraction and air supply system for smoke control;
- Creation of positive pressure in areas
where protection from smoke is required.
The aforementioned solutions can be adopted
one at a time or multiple at the same time as long as the base of smoke layer
must not be lower than 2 m above the highest floor surface on which people can
walk on in rooms or corridors protected by smoke protection solutions.
D.1.3 Equipment associated to smoke extraction
system and air supply system for smoke control, regardless of operating
mechanism (either natural or mechanical), must be activated automatically (by
activation of automatic fire alarm or automatic extinguishing equipment) and
remotely (from guard stations of the building, or fire command centers or
buttons located along means of egress or in fire alarm control panels. These
buttons must be positioned in a way that allows easy activation by humans).
Equipment associated with smoke protection
system (including pipelines) must be installed in accordance with
manufacturers’ regulations, inspected and maintained appropriately on a regular
basis. Auxiliary attachments serving installation or hanging of equipment must
be able to maintain operation of the equipment in accordance with manufacturers’
regulations throughout operation.
D.1.4 When smoke extraction system is activated in
case of fire, general ventilating, air conditioning systems and ventilating,
air conditioning systems serving technology requirements (if any) of the building
(except for systems that ensure safety of technology) must be shut down; all
normally open fire dampers must also be closed. All ventilating, air
conditioning systems can be shut down on a local or full scale depending on
specific design as long as smoke and flame cannot spread via general
ventilating, air conditioning systems.
D.1.5 Smoke ventilation system must be independent
for each fire compartment, except:
- Air supply systems that create positive
pressure to protect stairwells and elevator shafts connecting different fire
compartments;
- Smoke extraction systems protecting atriums
and atrium corridors that are not physically separated into fire compartments.
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Smoke protection system cannot be shared
between rooms with different fire risk categories by functions.
D.1.7 Requirements under Appendix D can be changed
on the basis of technical evaluation pertaining to smoke protection systems
appropriate to applied standards.
D.1.8 In regard to rooms with special occupancies
or specific technology requirements (such as cleanrooms, cold storage), smoke
protection can comply with applied standard documents. In all cases, safety for
occupants’ evacuation and fire brigade’s access must be guaranteed.
NOTE: The definition and classification of
cleanrooms shall conform to ISO 14644 or equivalent standards.
D.2 Smoke extraction must be done from the
following areas:
a) From corridors (other than single-loaded
corridors) and lobbies of houses, public structures, administrative - auxiliary
buildings (in industrial facilities) and multipurpose buildings with a fire
height exceeding 28 m;
b) From corridors and pedestrian tunnels of
basements, semi-basements of houses, public buildings, administrative -
auxiliary buildings (in industrial facilities), manufacturing facilities, and
multipurpose buildings if these corridors and pedestrian tunnels connect to
regularly attended rooms;
c) From corridors with a length exceeding 15
m and without natural ventilation in case of fire in the following two-storey
buildings or higher:
- Class A, class B, class C manufacturing
facilities and warehouses;
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- Multipurpose buildings;
d) From common corridors (other than
single-loaded corridors) and common lobbies of buildings with smokeproof
stairwells;
e) From atriums and mercantile corridors in
atriums (hereinafter collectively referred to as “atriums”);
f) From regularly attended rooms, rooms for
manufacturing or storage occupancy, including storage of books, documents,
printed materials, exhibits, restoration room of museums (regardless of whether
the rooms are regularly attended or not in case of storage units utilizing
racks), if these rooms are placed under class A, class B, class C1 through C3
in buildings with fire resistance category I through IV, or class C4, class D,
class E in buildings with fire resistance category IV;
g) From the following rooms that connect to
smokeproof stairwells or rooms that lack natural ventilation in case of fire:
- Rooms that are 50 m2 in area or
larger, regularly or irregularly used for assembly occupancy (more than 1
person per 1 m2 of floor area, not including space occupied by
equipment and furniture);
- Mercantile and display sections;
- Reading and book storage rooms of
libraries, exhibits, museums that are 50 m2 in area or larger,
regularly attended, or where combustible substances and materials are stored or
used;
- Changing rooms, locker rooms that are 200 m2
in area or larger;
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Smoke can be extracted to adjacent corridors
from rooms that are up to 200 m2 in area with fire risk class C1,
C2, or C3 or where combustible substances and materials are stored or used.
In regard to mercantile rooms and offices
that are not larger than 800 m2, if travel distance from the
furthest point of the rooms to the nearest exit accesses does not exceed 25 m,
smoke can be extracted to adjacent areas that are corridors, lobbies, atriums
and atrium corridors.
Dead-end corridors must not be physically
separated by partitions with doors into segments shorter than 15 m in length.
NOTE 1: Areas that lack natural ventilation
in case of fire are those that lack openings on exterior structures (exterior
walls) or have openings without sufficient area to extract combustion products.
NOTE 2: In order to facilitate natural
ventilation in case of fire in corridors, open windows or openings must be
located on exterior walls in a manner that meets the following requirements:
- The upper edge of the openings must not be
lower than 2,5 m from floor surface; the lower edge of the openings must not be
higher than 1,5 m from floor surface;
- Total clear width of openings must not be
lower than 1,6 m for every 30 m in length of the corridors;
- Openings must be opened by one hand with
ease when the person is standing on the floor.
NOTE 3: In order to facilitate natural
ventilation in case of fire for rooms, 6 windows or openings compliant with
NOTE 2 are required with a minimum width of 0,24 m for every 1 m of exterior
wall length. If exterior wall only adjoins the room on one side, the distance
from this exterior wall to the inner wall must not exceed 20 m. If openings are
located on 2 opposing exterior structures, the distance between these
structures must not be greater than 40 m and in this case, length of exterior
wall must not be greater than 1/3 of total length of inner separating walls.
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a) Rooms that are up to 200 m2 in
area, equipped with automatic foam or water extinguishing system (other rooms
with fire risk class A or class B, rooms that connect to N2 and N3 smokeproof
stairwells, and enclosed parking garages with traditional parking (drivers must
park their own vehicles));
b) Rooms must be equipped with automatic foam
or water or aerosol extinguishing system (other than enclosed parking garages
with traditional parking);
c) Corridors and lobbies where all rooms that
lead into these corridors and lobbies have been designed to extract smoke
directly;
d) Sub-sections of rooms that are up to 50 m2
in area and situated in the main rooms which have been designed to extract
smoke;
e) Corridors (other than corridors mentioned
under a) and b) of D.2) that lack natural ventilation in case of fire if rooms
that lead to these corridors via fire-resistance-rated and smoke-protected
doors are not regularly attended;
f) Rooms with public occupancies located on
the first storey in categories F1.2 and F1.3, physically separated from dwelling
units and fitted with exit discharges if the maximum travel distance from the
furthest point in these rooms to the exit discharges does not exceed 25 m and
these rooms are not larger than 800 m2.
D.4 Smoke extraction rate must be determined via
calculation for:
a) Every 60 m in length or less - from
corridors under a), b), c), and d) of D.2;
b) Every smoke compartment not larger than 3
000 m2 - from rooms under e), f), g), and h) of D.2.
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Smoke extraction systems can be shared
between corridors of rooms under f) of D.3 and corridors of rooms on upper
storeys if all these rooms are contained within a fire compartment.
D.6 Smoke inlets of smoke ducts for the purpose
of extracting smoke from corridors must be positioned below the ceiling of
corridors and not lower than head jamb (upper edge of doorways) of exit
accesses. Smoke inlets are allowed on branching pipes leading to smoke ducts. A
smoke inlet is required for:
- Up to 45 m in length of straight corridor;
- Up to 30 m in length of turning corridors;
- Up to 20 m in length of loop corridors.
Corridor length shall equal total length of
adjacent corridor segments that resemble a rectangular or are close to a
rectangular.
D.7 When extracting smoke from rooms larger than
3 000 m2, the rooms must be separated (either by enclosure (using
smoke barriers) or presumption) into smoke compartments no larger than 3 000 m2
and the possibility of fire in any of the compartments must be taken into
account. Each smoke inlet only serves an area up to 1 000 m2.
If rooms are physically separated into smoke
compartments by smoke barriers (smoke partitions), it is permissible to
activate only the smoke extraction system where the fire is located. If the
separation of rooms into smoke compartments relies on presumption, respective
calculation basis is required and all smoke extraction systems in all smoke
compartments must be designed to activate simultaneously.
NOTE: Smoke partitions are remotely and
automatically operated rollers or a fixed structure made from smoke protected
materials with minimum combustibility of Ch1 on top of non-combustible surface
(mesh, fabric, and other forms) and fastened to the ceiling or openings on the
wall. In their deployed state, the lower edge of the partitions must not be
higher than the base of the smoke layer; the partitions must be able to stop
the passage of smoke and separate the rooms into smoke compartments.
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NOTE 1: Mechanical smoke extraction system
means a smoke extraction system where extraction force is created and sustained
by fans.
NOTE 2: Natural smoke ventilation system
means a smoke extraction system where smoke extracts via openings on exterior
structures of the building in accordance with scientific laws.
Mechanical smoke extraction systems are
required in multistorey buildings. Natural smoke ventilation systems are
allowed on the topmost storey of multistorey buildings where smoke is extracted
via smoke dampers, smoke outlets, open skylights, and open hatches which do not
allow air intake.
In regard to single-storey buildings and the
topmost storey of multistorey buildings, natural ventilation is allowed in case
of fire instead of smoke extraction system if requirements below are met:
- Smoke extraction is calculated in
accordance with applied standards where the least favorable conditions
pertaining to smoke extraction must be taken into account (outdoor temperature,
outdoor wind speed, location of the fire, location, how open the openings are,
and other factors). For the purpose of calculation, the base of the smoke layer
must not be less than 2 m above the highest traversable floor surface in the
corridor or room in question.
- Windows and skylights included in smoke
extraction calculation must remain open at all time or be able to open
automatically in case of fire and must allow remote control by humans. Clear
dimension of these windows and skylights in open conditions must fit
calculation.
D.9 Smoke extraction system must meet the
following requirements:
a) The positioning of ventilation fans
(including auxiliary equipment thereof to connect with pipes) with appropriate
fire-resistance rating (for example: 0,5 hours at 200 oC; 0,5 hours
at 300 oC; 1 hour at 300 oC; 1 hour at 400 oC;
1 hour at 600 oC; 1,5 hour at 600 oC, etc.) must rely on
calculated temperature of the involved airflow and class of protected rooms;
b) If ducts and pipes are subject to fire-resistance
rating requirements, they must be made from non-combustible materials
(including thermal insulation and fire-resistant coatings of pipes) and have
class B airtightness (airtightness shall conform to EN 15727 or equivalent
standards) with minimum fire-resistance rating of:
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- EI 60 - for pipes and smoke ducts situated
within fire compartment that they protect and extracting smoke from enclosed
parking garages;
- EI 45 - for vertical pipes and smoke ducts
within fire compartment that they protect and extracting smoke in the area;
- EI 30 - for other cases within fire
compartment that they serve.
NOTE 1: Fire-resistance rating is not
required for pipes contained in trays or mechanical shafts which are enclosed
by fire protection assemblies with equal fire-resistance rating as per the law
NOTE 2: Normally open fire dampers are those
that will close in case of fire
c) Normally closed fire dampers must have
minimum fire-resistance rating of:
EI 60 - for enclosed parking garages;
EI 45 - for smoke extraction from protected
rooms;
EI 30 - for corridors and lobbies when
dampers are fitted on branching pipes of smoke inlet shafts;
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d) Smoke and combustion products must be
extracted in the following manners:
- Through the roof: maintain at least 5 m of
clearance from discharge locations to inlets of air supply system for smoke
control. Height of smoke discharge pipes must be at least 2 m if the roof is
made from non-combustible materials. This height can be lowered if roof section
within a 2 m radius of smoke discharge location is protected by non-combustible
materials or if smoke exhaust fans are installed;
- Through smoke flaps, taking into account
outdoor wind speed;
- Through clear opening and discharge shafts
located on the exterior wall where no doorways are installed or at least 5 m
away from any doorway vertically and horizontally and more than 2 m away from
ground surface. Clear distance to doorways can be reduced if smoke exhaust
velocity is not lower than 20 m/s;
- Through stand-alone smoke exhaust shafts
located on ground level and at least 15 m away from an exterior wall with
windows (this minimum clearance can be ignored if windows on exterior wall are
smoke-proof windows, windows that are always closed or automatically closed in
case of fire), or from inlets of ventilation system of adjacent buildings or
air supply system for smoke control of the building in question. This requirement
can be substituted by other smoke exhaust solutions as per permissible standard
documents.
Smoke extraction via smoke inlet pipes from
basements and semi-basements is allowed through ventilated compartments. In
this case, smoke outlets must be at least 6 m above the floor of ventilated
compartments in the first basement (at least 3 m vertically and 1 m
horizontally away from structure of a building) or, for wet-type extractors, at
least 3 m above the floor. Smoke dampers are not allowed on these pipes.
Smoke exhaust fans must be positioned in
separate rooms whose enclosing structures have minimum fire-resistance rating
equal to the required fire-resistance rating of smoke ducts penetrating these
enclosing structures, or positioned in rooms which they protect.
Smoke exhaust fans can be placed on the roof
or on the building exterior and protected by enclosing structures to prevent unauthorized
access. Smoke exhaust fans are allowed on exterior walls if requirements under
d) section of D.9 are met.
D.10 In case of fire, air supply system for smoke
control must supply outside air to the following areas:
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b) Vestibules of fire service elevator
shafts;
c) N2 smokeproof stairwells;
d) Fire protection vestibules on the storey
on fire of N3 smokeproof stairwells;
e) Fire protection vestibules from exits of
elevators to parking spaces of underground parking garages;
f) Fire protection vestibules in indoor
staircases, leading from basements or semi-basements where combustible
materials and substances are used or stored to rooms on the first storey or
corridors that do not receive natural ventilation. Air supply for vestibules of
factories where metallurgy, casting, rolling, and other heat treatments take
place can be provided by ventilated compartments of the building;
g) Fire protection vestibules on entrances to
atriums and mercantile sections, from elevation of basements and
semi-basements;
h) Vestibules (if the regulation requires
vestibules in N2 stairwells) of the storey with fire of N2 stairwells in
apartment buildings with a fire height above 75 m; multipurpose buildings with
a fire height above 28 m, and public structures with a fire height above 50 m;
i) Lower sections of rooms and corridors
protected by smoke extraction systems in order to make up for the extracted
smoke volume;
NOTE: Lower sections of rooms or corridors
are sections that are situated below the smoke layer in case of fire and
protected by smoke extraction system and air supply system for smoke control.
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k) Fire protection vestibules, vestibules
separating motor vehicle holding spaces from enclosed ramps of underground
parking garages;
l) Fire protection vestibules of entrances to
entrance halls from N2 stairwells which are connected to upper storeys of the
building;
m) Fire protection vestibules (elevator
lobbies) from elevator exits to semi-basements and basements of the building;
n) Rooms located in control areas (if any)
above the storey with fire.
Air supply for the purpose of maintaining
positive pressure is allowed in common corridors of rooms from which smoke is
extracted and in corridors connected to recreational areas, waiting lounges,
other corridors, corridors, and atriums protected by smoke extraction system.
In fire protection vestibules (elevator
lobbies) on exits from elevators to basements of the building, air supply from
elevator shafts via normally closed fire dampers is prohibited if home landings
of these elevators are on the first storey of the building and elevator shafts
are protected by air supply system for smoke control where provided air does
not extend lower than the home landings.
When situating control areas in elevator
lobbies, air supply into these lobbies is prohibited if air is provided through
normally closed fire dampers from adjacent elevator shafts.
D.11 Supply rate of air supply system for smoke
control must be calculated so as to maintain gauge pressure between 20 Pa to 50
Pa in the following areas:
a) In elevator shafts - when all doors along
elevator shafts are closed, other than doors on the home landings;
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- On the storey with fire: When doors leading
from corridors and lobbies to means of egress lead to stairwells are all open,
or when doors leading directly from rooms to stairwells are all open;
- Discharge doors are open while other doors
leading from corridors and lobbies on all other storeys are closed;
c) In fire protection vestibules on the
storey with fire (when all doors are closed).
Rate of air supplied into fire protection
vestibules leading to N2 or N3 stairwells, type 2 stairwells, atriums from
basements and semi-basements, and before elevator lobbies of underground
parking garages must be calculated so as to maintain a minimum wind velocity of
1,3 m/s passing through open doorway taking into account simultaneous operation
of smoke extraction system.
Value of positive pressure shall be
determined by comparing with pressure of adjacent rooms.
D.12 When calculating parameters of air supply
system for smoke control, the following requirements must be complied with:
a) Gauge pressure is not lower than 20 Pa and
not greater than 50 Pa in:
- N2 stairwells;
- Fire protection vestibules leading into N2
or N3 stairwells from all storeys;
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- Fire protection vestibules separating motor
vehicle parking spaces from ramps of underground parking garages;
- Elevator lobbies in basements and
semi-basements;
- Common corridors of rooms from which smoke
is extracted directly;
- Rooms in control areas (if any);
- Elevator shafts.
b) If double doors are installed, use area of
the larger leaf. This area must not be lower than the clear area necessary for
evacuation. In other cases, calculate using total clear area of both leaves;
c) Elevator cabins on the home landings;
d) Gauge pressure applied on closed doors of
exit accesses must not exceed 50 Pa when under simultaneous effect of smoke
extraction system and air supply system for smoke extraction.
D.13 Air supply system for smoke control must meet
the requirements below:
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- Rooms where no other fans are installed,
have fire-resistance rating of enclosing structures not lower than the required
fire-resistance rating of structures intersecting the pipelines;
- Within a fire compartment: Rooms where air
supply system of general ventilation system is installed if design standard
requirements are met or directly in stairwells, corridors, and fire protection
vestibules;
- On the roof and building exterior,
accompanied by enclosing structures to prevent unauthorized access.
b) All ducts and pipelines must be made from
non-combustible materials (including thermal insulation and fire resistant
coatings), have class B airtightness, and minimum fire-resistance rating:
- EI 120 - for air collector wells and air
supply ducts outside of protected fire compartment;
- EI 120 - for ducts of air supply system
protecting vestibules of fire service elevator shafts;
- EI 60 - for ducts supplying air into fire
protection vestibules leading into N2 or N3 stairwells from all storeys, and
into spaces of enclosed parking garages;
- EI 30 - for air collector wells and air
supply ducts outside of protected fire compartment.
NOTE 1: Fire-resistance rating is not
required for pipes contained in trays or mechanical shafts which are enclosed
by fire protection assemblies with equal fire-resistance rating as per the law
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d) Normally closed fire dampers in ducts
supplying air into fire protection vestibules with minimum fire-resistance
rating of:
- EI 120 - for systems mentioned under b) of
D.10;
- EI 60 - for systems under d), e), h), j),
k), and l) of D.10;
- EI 30 - for systems under f), g), and i) of
D.10, as well as m) of D.10 taking into account b) of D.10.
NOTE: Fire-resistance rating is not required
for normally closed fire dampers in air supply pipelines in technical ducts or
shafts enclosed by fire protection assemblies with matching fire-resistance
rating as per the law.
e) Fire dampers are not required for systems
that only serve one fire protection vestibule. Non-insulating butterfly valves
are not allowed in normally closed fire dampers in ducts supplying air into
fire protection vestibules;
f) Minimum clearance between smoke inlets of
smoke extraction system and air outlet of air supply system for smoke control
mentioned under i) of D.10 must not be lower than 1,5 vertically.
D.14 Requirements for premise - spatial
arrangement and structural solutions
D.14.1 Enclosing structures of rooms where
general ventilation equipment is located which is contained in fire compartment
protected by the ventilation equipment must not be lower than EI 45.
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Doors leading to rooms above must be type 2
fire-resistance-rated doors (other rooms where class E general ventilation
equipment is located).
D.14.2 Enclosing structures of rooms where
general ventilation equipment and smoke ventilation equipment are located which
are outside of fire compartment protected by these equipment must have minimum
fire-resistance rating of EI 150. Doors leading to rooms above must be type 1
fire-resistance-rated doors.
D.14.3 Elevator doors in buildings that are
not protected by smoke extraction system are not allowed to be opened in
advance on any storey.
D.14.4 Exits from elevators to underground
parking garages must be accompanied by fire protection vestibules protected by
air supply system for smoke control.
D.14.5 In order to make up for the smoke
volume extracted by smoke extraction system, a natural or mechanical air supply
system is required.
a) In regard to natural air supply system,
air can be supplied via openings on exterior wall or air supply shafts fitted
with automatically controlled and remotely controlled valves. Openings must be
positioned on the lower section of protected rooms. In order to make up for air
in atriums and corridors thereof, doorways of exit discharges are allowed as
long as these doors must be automatically and remotely controlled. Total clear
area of open doorways must be determined in accordance with D.4 and ensure a
maximum air velocity coursing through the doorways of 6 m/s;
b) In regard to mechanical air supply system
for smoke control, the system can be designed as a stand-alone system or as air
supply system that supplies air into fire protection vestibules or elevator
shafts (other than fire service elevator shafts and N2 stairwells).
APPENDIX
E
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FIRE
SEPARATION DISTANCE
E.1 Fire separation distance between houses,
buildings, and public structures, and from houses, buildings, and public
structures to buildings, manufacturing facilities, and storage facilities
Minimum fire separation distance between
houses, buildings, and public structures (including office buildings and
service buildings) shall conform to Schedule E.1.
Minimum fire separation distance from houses,
buildings, and public structures mentioned above to buildings, manufacturing
facilities, and storage facilities shall conform to Schedule E.1.
If separation distance between buildings and
structures must be enforced for the purpose of firefighting and rescue,
separation distance between 2 constructions must meet respective requirements
in addition to those under this Appendix pertaining to fire separation distance.
NOTE: Fire separation distance applicable to
parking garages shall be similar to that applicable to warehouses; fire
separation distance applicable to administrative - auxiliary buildings in
industrial facilities shall be similar to that applicable to public structures
Schedule E.1 - Fire
separation distance between houses, buildings, and public structures, and from
houses, buildings, and public structures to buildings, manufacturing
facilities, and storage facilities
Fire resistance
category of the first building
Fire risk level of
structures of the first building
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I, II, III
S0
II, III
S1
IV
S0, S1
IV, V
S2, S3
1. Houses and public structures
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S0
6
8
8
10
II, III
S1
8
10
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12
IV
S0, S1
8
10
10
12
IV, V
S2, S3
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12
12
15
2. Manufacturing facilities and storage
facilities
I, II, III
S0
10
12
12
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II, III
S1
12
12
12
12
IV
S0, S1
12
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12
15
IV, V
S2, S3
15
15
15
18
NOTE 1: Distance between buildings and
constructions shall be the clearance between exterior walls or enclosing
structures thereof. In case structures and structural elements of buildings
and constructions are made from combustible materials and protrude by more
than 1 m, separation distance shall be the clearance between these protruding
structures and structural elements.
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NOTE 3: Fire separation distance under this
schedule of two-storey buildings with prefabricated frame-sheet structures
and fire resistance category V and buildings tiled with combustible materials
must be increased by 20%.
NOTE 4: Fire separation distance between
any 2 houses, buildings, and public structures is not required if the taller
than larger wall between these 2 houses, buildings, and public structures or
both opposing walls of these houses, buildings, and public structures are
type 1 fire-resistance-rated walls.
NOTE 5: Fire separation distance between
houses and from houses to other civil structures is not required if total
construction area (including land area that is not built on between them)
does not exceed the largest permissible floor area in a fire compartment with
the lowest fire resistance category and fire risk level of structures (see
Appendix H)
NOTE 6: Fire separation distance between
houses and public structures is not required if total construction area
(including land area that is not built on between them) does not exceed the
largest permissible floor area in a fire compartment (see Appendix H).
This note does not apply to buildings and
constructions placed under fire risk categories F.1 and F4.1, retailers of
combustible gas, combustible liquid, ignitable liquid, materials and
substances that explode or combust upon contact with water or oxygen or one
another.
NOTE 7: Fire separation distance under this
schedule can be reduced by 50% for buildings and constructions that have fire
resistance categories of I and II, fire risk level of structure of S0, and
are all equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system.
E.2 Fire separation distance between
manufacturing facilities and storage facilities
Fire separation distance between buildings in
an industrial facility, depending on fire resistance categories and fire risk
levels of structures and fire and explosion risk classes, must not be lower
than values under Schedule E.2.
Schedule E.2 - Fire
separation distance between buildings in an industrial facility
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Distance between
buildings, m
Fire resistance
category of I and II.
Fire resistance
category of III and IV and fire risk level of S0
Fire resistance
category of III and fire risk level of S1
Fire resistance
category of III and fire risk level of S2, S3. Fire resistance category of IV
and fire risk level of S1, S2, and S3. Fire resistance category of V
1. Fire resistance category of I and II.
Fire resistance category of III and IV and fire risk level of S0
Class D and Class E buildings: not required
9
12
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2. Fire resistance category of III and fire
risk level of S1
9
12
15
3. Fire resistance category of III and fire
risk level of S2, S3. Fire resistance category of IV and fire risk level of
S1, S2, and S3. Fire resistance category of V
12
15
18
NOTE 1: Minimum distance between buildings
shall be the clearance between exterior walls or exterior structures thereof.
If structures or structural elements of buildings and constructions are made
from combustible materials and protrude by more than 1 m, fire separation
distance shall be the clearance between these protruding structures and
structural elements.
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a) Total floor area of 2 buildings or more
with fire resistance category of III and IV does not exceed the maximum
permissible area of a storey in a fire compartment (Appendix H) with the
highest fire risk class and the lowest fire resistance category and fire risk
level.
b) Taller or larger walls of buildings or
constructions facing another construction are type 1 fire-resistance-rated
walls.
c) Walls facing buildings and constructions
with fire resistance category III, regardless of fire risk level therein, are
type 2 fire-resistance-rated and have openings protected by type 2
fire-resistance-rated doors or fire dampers.
Separation distance between buildings must
meet requirements for firefighting and rescue.
NOTE 3: Separation distance in this
Schedule applicable to buildings with fire resistance category of I, II, III
and IV with fire risk level of S0 and class A, class B, class C can be
reduced to 6 m from 9 m if these buildings are equipped with automatic fire
extinguishing system.
E.3 Area of openings not protected by fire
protection measures on exterior wall and corresponding fire-resistance rating
of exterior wall sections where fire protection measures are required
E.3.1 Fire separation distance by boundaries
specified under this part serves to determine area of exterior wall that is not
protected by fire protection measures and fire-resistance rating of exterior
walls.
E.3.2 Fire separation distance by boundaries shall
be the width of the open space which is measured diagonally from exterior wall
of the building to boundary of adjacent plot, or to median of connecting roads,
or to a reference line between exterior walls of adjacent buildings in the same
plot.
The reference line shall be identified as
follows:
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- If both buildings are newly built, the
reference line depends on exterior area not protected by fire protection
measures and fire-resistance rating of exterior walls of both buildings.
- If exterior of the building is uneven, the
safest calculations shall prevail.
NOTE: Sections of exterior walls that are not
protected by fire protection measures are usually:
a) Doorways (doors, windows, and similar)
that are not qualified as fire-resistance-rated doors in fire-resistance-rated
walls;
b) Wall sections whose fire-resistance rating
is lower than fire-resistance rating of corresponding fire-resistance-rated
walls;
c) Wall section whose exterior employs
materials with fire risk equal or higher than Ch1 and LT1.
E.3.3 The ratio of the total largest area of
openings not protected by fire protection measures to total area of wall
surface facing the boundaries shall be determined in accordance with E.4a and
E.4b. Fire-resistance rating of wall sections protected by fire protection
measures is prescribed under Schedule E.3.
NOTE: In all cases, requirements for flame
spread prevention must be met.
Schedule E.3 -
Fire-resistance rating of exterior wall depending on fire separation distance
by boundaries
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Fire separation
distance by boundary, m
Area of openings
not protected by fire protection measures
≥ 0 and ≤ 1,5
> 1,5 and ≤ 3
> 3 and ≤ 9
> 9
1. F3.1, F3.2; F2.1 karaoke venues,
discotheques; F5 buildings of class C
E 120
E 60
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0
See Schedule E.4a
2. F5 buildings of class A, class B
E 180
E 120
E 60
0
See Schedule E.4a
3. Others
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E 60
0
0
See Schedule E.4b
Schedule E.4a - Ratio
of the total largest area of openings not protected by fire protection measures
to total area of wall surface facing the boundaries, % (applicable to
buildings of sections 1, 2 Schedule E.3)
Fire separation
distance by boundary, m
Total area of
exterior wall, m2
9
14
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23
28
37
47
56
65
74
84
93
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186
233
326
465
930
≥ 1860
0,0
0
0
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0,9
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
1,2
4
4
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
1,5
6
5
...
...
...
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5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
1,8
9
7
...
...
...
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6
6
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
2,1
12
10
...
...
...
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8
7
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
2,4
17
13
...
...
...
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9
9
7
7
6
6
6
5
5
...
...
...
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4
4
4
4
4
4
2,7
21
16
...
...
...
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12
10
9
8
7
7
7
6
6
...
...
...
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5
5
4
4
4
4
3,0
27
20
...
...
...
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14
12
11
9
8
8
7
7
7
...
...
...
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5
5
5
4
4
4
4,6
69
48
...
...
...
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31
27
21
18
16
14
13
12
12
...
...
...
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8
7
6
6
5
4
6,1
100
91
...
...
...
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57
48
38
31
27
24
22
20
18
...
...
...
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12
10
9
7
6
5
7,6
100
100
...
...
...
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91
77
59
48
41
36
32
29
27
...
...
...
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16
14
11
9
7
5
9,0
100
100
...
...
...
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100
100
86
59
56
52
46
42
38
...
...
...
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22
18
15
12
8
6
> 9,0
100
100
...
...
...
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100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
...
...
...
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100
100
100
100
100
100
Schedule E.4b - Ratio
of the total largest area of openings not protected by fire protection measures
to total area of wall surface facing the boundaries, % (applicable to
buildings of section 3 Schedule E.3)
Fire separation
distance by boundary, m
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9
14
19
23
28
37
47
56
65
...
...
...
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84
93
140
186
233
326
465
930
≥ 1860
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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9
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8
8
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7
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7
7
7
7
7
7
7
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7
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12
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9
9
9
8
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8
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8
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7
7
7
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7
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18
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13
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9
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9
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25
20
17
15
14
12
11
11
10
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10
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33
2.5
21
19
17
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14
13
12
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11
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43
32
27
23
21
18
16
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14
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55
40
33
28
25
21
19
17
16
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14
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100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
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100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
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APPENDIX
F
(regulations)
NOMINAL
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS OF SOME STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
F.1 Wall structural elements
Schedule F.1 -
Masonry wall or concrete wall
Structures and
materials
Minimum thickness
excluding the plaster, mm, to maintain fire-resistance rating
For load bearing
structural elements
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REI
REI
REI
REI
REI
REI
El
El
El
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El
El
240
180
120
90
60
30
240
...
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120
90
60
30
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
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(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
1. Reinforced concrete wall with concrete
cover protecting the primary load bearing reinforcement of 25 mm:
...
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...
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a) Not plastered (designed in accordance
with selected and applied standards)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
...
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-
-
-
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to
12,5 mm of thickness
180
-
100
100
75
...
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-
-
-
-
-
-
2. Lightweight concrete wall with Group 23)
aggregate:
...
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...
...
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-
-
-
-
-
-
150
150
150
...
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150
150
3. Terracotta walls, concrete masonry
walls:
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a) Not plastered
200
200
100
...
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100
100
170
170
100
100
75
75
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to 13
mm of thickness
...
...
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200
100
100
100
100
170
170
100
100
...
...
...
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75
4. Concrete masonry wall with Group 1 1)
aggregate:
...
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a) Not plastered
150
-
100
100
...
...
...
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100
150
-
75
75
75
50
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to
12,5 mm of thickness
150
...
...
...
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100
100
100
100
100
-
75
75
75
...
...
...
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5. Concrete masonry wall with Group 2 2)
aggregate:
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a) Not plastered
-
-
100
100
100
...
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150
-
100
100
75
50
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to
12,5 mm of thickness
-
-
...
...
...
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100
100
100
150
-
100
100
75
50
...
...
...
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180
140
100
100
100
100
100
-
62
...
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50
50
7. Hollow concrete masonry wall with the
void running along the thickness of the wall and Group 1 1)
aggregate:
...
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a) Not plastered
-
-
100
...
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100
100
150
-
100
100
75
75
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to
12,5 mm of thickness
...
...
...
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-
100
100
100
100
150
-
100
75
...
...
...
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75
8. Hollow concrete masonry wall with the
void running along the thickness of the wall and Group 2 2)
aggregate
...
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a) Not plastered
-
-
-
-
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-
150
-
150
125
125
125
b) Plastered with sand and cement mix to
12,5 mm of thickness
-
...
...
...
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-
-
-
-
150
-
150
125
125
...
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...
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9. Hollow clay brick with less than 50% of
void areas:
...
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Plastered with sand and cement mix to 12,5
mm of thickness
-
-
-
-
-
...
...
...
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-
-
-
-
100
75
10. Cavity wall, outer wall made from terracotta
bricks or blocks, concrete with at least 100 mm of thickness and:
...
...
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...
...
...
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100
100
100
100
100
100
75
-
75
...
...
...
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75
75
b) Inner wall made from bricks or concrete
masonry with Group 1 1) aggregate, solid or hollow
100
100
100
100
100
100
...
...
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-
75
75
75
75
11. Cavity wall with outer wall made from
hollow clay bricks with less than 50% of void areas as stated under section 9
and inner wall made from aerated concrete blocks with mass per unit volume
ranging from 480 kg/m3 to 1 200 kg/m3:
150
140
100
...
...
...
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100
100
75
75
75
75
75
75
1) “Group 1 aggregate” means: cenospheres,
pumice, blast furnace slag, pelletized fly ash, bricks, other grounded baked
clay products (including ceramsite sand), clinkers, and crushed limestone.
...
...
...
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NOTE 1: Rules for determining
fire-resistance ratings shall conform to part 2.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings in the
schedule only apply to statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance
ratings of statically indeterminate structures shall be calculated in
accordance with selected and applied standards.
NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of
components must be taken into account simultaneously.
Schedule F.2 -
Non-load bearing exterior wall
Structures and
materials
Fire-resistance
rating
1. Framing steel walls whose outer layers
are made of non-combustible sheets and inner layers are:
...
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El 240
b) 2 boards of 9,5 mm of thickness
El 30
c) Boards of 9,5 mm of thickness and
plastered with gypsum to 12,5 mm of thickness
El 30
d) Boards of 12,5 mm of thickness and
plastered with gypsum to 5 mm of thickness
El 30
2. Wood stud wall framing whose outer layers
are sand and cement mix or cement - lime 1) of 10 mm of thickness
and inner layers are:
...
...
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El 60
b) Boards of 9,5 mm of thickness and
plastered with gypsum to 12,5 mm of thickness
El 60
c) Boards of 12,5 mm of thickness and
plastered with gypsum to 5 mm of thickness
El 60
d) Aerated concrete blocks with thickness
of:
50 mm
El 180
...
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El 240
75 mm
El 240
100 mm
El 240
3. Wood stud wall framing whose outer
layers are brick or clay block or concrete masonry block of 100 mm of
thickness and inner layers are plastered with gypsum to 16 mm of thickness on
top of steel mesh
El 240
4. Wood stud wall framing whose outer
layers are clapboards or plywood boards of 9,5 mm of thickness 1)
and inner layers are:
...
...
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El 30
b) Boards of 9,5 mm of thickness and
plastered with gypsum to 12,5 mm of thickness
El 30
c) Boards of 12,5 mm of thickness and
plastered with gypsum to 5 mm of thickness
El 30
d) Aerated concrete blocks with thickness
of:
50 mm
El 180
...
...
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El 240
75 mm
El 240
100 mm
El 240
1) The presence of membrane preventing the
diffusion of combustible gas throughout the thickness of these structures
must be considered useless for the purpose of determining fire resistance of
these structures.
NOTE: Rules for determining fire-resistance
ratings shall conform to part 2.
F.2 Reinforced concrete girders
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Properties
Minimum value, mm, in order to
maintain fire-resistance rating
R 240
R 180
R 120
R 90
R 60
R 30
1. Silica-based aggregate concrete:
...
...
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a) Average concrete cover protecting the
main load bearing reinforcement
651)
551)
...
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35
25
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
280
240
180
140
110
...
...
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2. Silica-based aggregate concrete
plastered with cement or gypsum to 15 mm of thickness on top of steel mesh:
a) Average concrete cover protecting the
main load bearing reinforcement
501)
...
...
...
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30
20
15
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
250
210
170
110
...
...
...
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70
3. Silica-based aggregate concrete
plastered with vermiculite/gypsum 2) to 15 mm of thickness:
a) Average concrete cover protecting the
main load bearing reinforcement
...
...
...
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15
15
15
15
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
170
145
125
...
...
...
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60
60
4. Lightweight aggregate concrete:
...
...
...
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50
45
35
30
20
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
250
200
...
...
...
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130
100
80
1) Additional reinforcement is allowed if
necessary.
2) Vermiculite/gypsum must have mixing ratio
based on volume ranging from 1,5:1 to 2:1.
NOTE 1: Rules for determining
fire-resistance ratings shall conform to part 2.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings in the
schedule only apply to statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance
ratings of statically indeterminate structures shall be calculated in
accordance with selected and applied standards.
NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of
components must be taken into account simultaneously.
...
...
...
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Schedule F.4 -
Prestressed reinforced concrete girders
Properties
Minimum value, mm, in order to
maintain fire-resistance rating
R 240
R 180
R 120
R 90
R 60
R 30
...
...
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
1001)
...
...
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651)
501)
40
25
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
280
240
180
140
...
...
...
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80
2. Silica-based aggregate concrete
plastered with gypsum to 15 mm of thickness on top of steel mesh:
a) Average prestressing concrete cover
...
...
...
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75
50
40
30
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
250
210
170
...
...
...
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85
70
3. Silica-based aggregate concrete
plastered with vermiculite/gypsum2) to 15 mm of thickness:
...
...
...
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751)
60
45
30
25
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
170
145
...
...
...
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85
60
60
4. Silica-based aggregate concrete
plastered with vermiculite/gypsum 2) to 25 mm of thickness:
...
...
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
50
45
30
25
15
15
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
140
...
...
...
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85
70
60
60
5. Lightweight aggregate concrete:
...
...
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
80
65
50
40
30
20
b) Cross-sectional width of girders
...
...
...
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200
160
130
100
80
1) Additional reinforcement is allowed
if necessary
2) Vermiculite/gypsum must have mixing
ratio based on volume ranging from 1,5:1 to 2:1.
NOTE 1: Rules for determining
fire-resistance ratings shall conform to part 2.
Fire-resistance ratings in the schedule
only apply to statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance ratings of
statically indeterminate structures shall be calculated in accordance with
selected and applied standards.
...
...
...
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F.4 Reinforced concrete columns
Schedule F.5 -
Reinforced concrete columns (all 4 sides are exposed to fire)
Properties
Minimum value, mm, in order to
maintain fire-resistance rating
R 240
R 180
R 120
R 90
...
...
...
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R 30
1. Silica-based aggregate concrete:
a) Without additional protective measures
...
...
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400
300
250
200
150
b) Plastered with cement or gypsum to 15 mm
of thickness on top of steel mesh
300
275
225
...
...
...
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150
150
c) Plastered with vermiculite/gypsum1)
275
225
200
150
120
120
...
...
...
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Additional reinforcement is allowed within
concrete cover if necessary
300
275
...
...
...
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200
190
150
3. Lightweight aggregate concrete
300
275
225
200
190
...
...
...
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1) Vermiculite/gypsum must have mixing
ratio based on volume ranging from 1,5:1 to 2:1
NOTE 1: Rules for determining
fire-resistance ratings shall conform to part 2.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings in the
schedule only apply to statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance
ratings of statically indeterminate structures shall be calculated in
accordance with selected and applied standards.
NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of
components must be taken into account simultaneously.
Schedule F.6 -
Reinforced concrete columns (1 side is exposed to fire)
Properties
Minimum value, mm, in order to
maintain fire-resistance rating
R 240
...
...
...
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R 120
R 90
R 60
R 30
Silica-based aggregate concrete:
...
...
...
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a) Without additional protective measures
180
150
100
100
75
75
b) The side exposed to fire is plastered
with vermiculite/gypsum1) to 15 mm of thickness
...
...
...
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100
75
75
65
65
1) Vermiculite/gypsum must have mixing
ratio based on volume ranging from 1,5:1 to 2:1.
NOTE 1: Rules for determining fire-resistance
ratings shall conform to part 2.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings in the
schedule only apply to statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance
ratings of statically indeterminate structures shall be calculated in
accordance with selected and applied standards.
NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of
components must be taken into account simultaneously
...
...
...
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F.5 Steel structures
Schedule F.7 -
Encased supporting steel columns (column segment above 1 m in length does not
weight less than 45 kg)
Structures and
encasement materials
Minimum thickness, mm, of
encasement to maintain fire-resistance rating
R 240
R 180
R 120
R 90
R 60
...
...
...
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A. Solid encasement 1) (not plastered)
1. Concrete with natural aggregate and
minimum mix ratio of 1:2:4 2):
a) Non-load bearing concrete, fitted with
reinforcement steel3)
...
...
...
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-
25
25
25
25
b) Load bearing concrete, fitted with
reinforcement steel (designed in accordance with selected and applied
standards)
75
-
50
...
...
...
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50
50
2. Solid clay bricks
100
75
50
50
50
50
...
...
...
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75
60
50
50
50
50
B. Hollow encasement 4)
1. Solid clay bricks fitted with
reinforcement steel at every horizontal network, not plastered
115
...
...
...
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50
50
50
50
2. Solid blocks made from cenosphere
concrete or pumice concrete, fitted with reinforcement steel3) at
every horizontal network, not plastered
75
50
50
...
...
...
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50
1) Solid encasement means the outer cover is
fixed onto the steel pillar, leaving no gap between surfaces, and all joints
and networks contained therein are closed and solid.
2) The ratio of 1:2:4 means mixing ratio of
cement : sand : aggregate by volume. Heavyweight concrete with minimum grade
of B20 as per TCVN 5574:2018 is considered to have qualified this
requirement.
3) Steel reinforcement must be steel wires
with minimum diameter of 2,3 mm or steel mesh with minimum area density of
0,48 kg/m2. The spacing between reinforcement bars contained by
concrete cover must not exceed 150 mm regardless of direction.
4) Hollow encasement means there is a void
between the encasement and the steel. All hollow encasement of columns must
be filled effectively at every floor elevation.
Schedule F.8 - Encased
steel girders (a girder segment above 1 m in length does not weight less
than 30 kg)
Structures and
encasement materials
Minimum thickness, mm, of
encasement to maintain fire-resistance rating
...
...
...
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R 180
R 120
R 90
R 60
R 30
A. Solid encasement 1) (not plastered)
1. Concrete with natural aggregate and
minimum mix ratio of 1:2:4 2):
...
...
...
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a) Non-load bearing concrete, fitted with
reinforcement steel3)
75
50
25
25
25
...
...
...
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b) Load bearing concrete, fitted with
reinforcement steel (designed in accordance with selected and applied
standards)
75
75
50
50
50
50
B. Hollow encasement 4)
1. Steel mesh:
...
...
...
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a) Plastered with cement - lime to a
thickness of
-
-
38
...
...
...
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19
12,5
b) Plastered with gypsum to a thickness of
-
-
22
19
16
12,5
...
...
...
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2) The ratio of 1:2:4 means mixing
ratio of cement : sand : aggregate by volume. Heavyweight concrete with
minimum grade of B20 as per TCVN 5574:2018 is considered to have qualified
this requirement.
3) Steel reinforcement must be steel
wires with minimum diameter of 2,3 mm or steel mesh with minimum area density
of 0,48 kg/m2. The spacing between reinforcement bars contained by
concrete cover must not exceed 150 mm regardless of direction.
4) Hollow encasement means there is a
void between the encasement and the steel. All hollow encasement of columns
must be filled effectively at every floor elevation.
F.6 Floor structures
Schedule F.9 -
Reinforced concrete floors (of silica-based or limestone-based aggregate)
Floor structures
Minimum value, mm, in order to
maintain fire-resistance rating
REI
REI
...
...
...
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REI
REI
REI
240
180
120
90
60
30
...
...
...
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(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
1. Solid floor:
...
...
...
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a) Average concrete cover protecting the
main load bearing reinforcement
25
25
20
20
15
...
...
...
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b) Overall depth 1) of the
cross-section
150
150
125
125
100
100
2. Floor with void areas whose cross
section is circular or cubic. Solid area must account for at least 50% of
total cross-section area of the floor:
...
...
...
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a) Average concrete cover protecting the
main load bearing reinforcement
25
25
20
20
...
...
...
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15
b) Thickness of concrete underneath the
void
50
40
40
30
25
20
c) Overall depth 1) of the
cross-section
...
...
...
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175
160
140
110
100
3. Hollow floor with one or multiple cubic
void areas whose width exceeds height along the length of the floor
...
...
...
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a) Average concrete cover protecting the
main load bearing reinforcement
25
25
20
20
15
15
...
...
...
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50
40
40
30
25
20
c) Overall depth 1) of the
cross-section
230
205
...
...
...
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155
130
105
4. Ribbed floor whose void areas are filled
with clay blocks or inverted T beams whose void areas are filled with
concrete blocks or clay blocks. If solid section of the floor is less than
50% of total cross section area, the underside must be plastered to 15 mm of
thickness:
...
...
...
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a) Average concrete cover protecting the
main load bearing reinforcement
25
25
20
20
15
15
b) Width of cross section of rib or T beam,
measured on the underside
125
...
...
...
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90
80
70
50
c) Overall depth 1) of the
cross-section
190
175
160
140
...
...
...
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100
5. T section:
a) Average concrete cover measured on the
underside
...
...
...
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55 2)
45 2)
35
25
15
b) Concrete cover measured on the side
65
55
45
...
...
...
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25
15
c) Width of cross-section of rib
150
140
115
90
75
60
...
...
...
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150
150
125
125
100
90
6. Inverted U-channel flooring section
whose radius of curvature at the junction with the floor rib is not greater
than the height of the cross section:
...
...
...
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a) Average concrete cover measured on the
underside
65 2)
55 2)
45 2)
35
25
...
...
...
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b) Concrete cover measured on the side
40
30
25
20
15
10
c) Width of U rib
75
...
...
...
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60
45
40
30
d) Thickness of the upper side
150
150
125
125
...
...
...
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90
7. Inverted U-channel flooring section
whose radius of curvature at the junction with the floor rib is greater than
the height of the cross section:
a) Average concrete cover measured on the
underside
...
...
...
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55 2)
45 2)
35
25
15
b) Concrete cover measured on the side
40
30
25
...
...
...
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15
10
c) Width of U rib
70
60
50
40
35
25
...
...
...
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150
150
100
100
75
65
1) May include thickness of coating or finish
layers which use non-combustible materials.
2) Additional reinforcement is allowed
if necessary.
NOTE 1: Rules for determining
fire-resistance ratings shall conform to part 2.
...
...
...
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NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of
components must be taken into account simultaneously.
Schedule F.10 -
Prestressed reinforced concrete floor (of silica-based or limestone-based
aggregate)
Floor structures
Minimum value, mm, in order to
maintain fire-resistance rating
REI
240
REI
180
...
...
...
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120
REI
90
REI
60
REI
30
(1)
(2)
...
...
...
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(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
1. Solid floor:
...
...
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
65 1)
50 1)
40
30
25
15
b) Overall depth 2) of the
cross-section
...
...
...
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150
125
125
100
100
2. Floor with void areas whose cross
section is circular or cubic. Solid area must account for at least 50% of
total cross-section area of the floor:
...
...
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
65 1)
50 1)
40
30
25
15
...
...
...
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50
40
40
30
25
20
c) Overall depth 2) of the
cross-section
190
175
...
...
...
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140
110
100
3. Hollow floor with one or multiple cubic
void areas whose width exceeds height along the length of the floor:
...
...
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
65 1)
50 1)
40
30
25
15
b) Thickness of lower flange
65
...
...
...
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40
30
25
15
c) Overall depth 2) of the
cross-section
230
205
180
155
...
...
...
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105
4. Ribbed floor whose void areas are filled
with clay blocks or inverted T beams whose void areas are filled with
concrete blocks or clay blocks. If solid section of the floor is less than
50% of total cross section area, the underside must be plastered to 15 mm of
thickness:
a) Average prestressing concrete cover
...
...
...
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50 1)
40
30
25
15
b) Width of cross section of rib or T beam,
measured on the underside
125
100
90
...
...
...
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70
50
c) Overall depth 2) of the
cross-section
190
175
160
140
110
100
...
...
...
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a) Average prestressing concrete cover
measured on the underside
100 1)
85 1)
...
...
...
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50 1)
40
25
b) Thickness of prestressing concrete cover
measured on the side
100
85
65
50
40
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c) Width of rib
250
200
150
110
90
60
d) Thickness of flange 2)
150
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125
125
100
90
6. Inverted U-channel flooring section
whose radius of curvature at the junction with the floor rib is not greater
than the height of the cross section:
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a) Average prestressed concrete cover
measured on the underside
100 1)
85 1)
65 1)
50 1)
40
25
b) Thickness of prestressing concrete cover
measured on the side
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45
35
25
20
15
c) Width of U sides
125
100
75
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45
30
d) Thickness of the upper side 2)
150
150
125
125
100
90
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a) Average prestressed concrete cover
measured on the underside
100 1)
85 1)
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50 1)
40
25
b) Thickness of prestressing concrete cover
measured on the side
50
45
35
25
20
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c) Width of U rib
110
90
70
50
40
30
d) Thickness of the upper side 2)
150
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125
125
100
90
1) Additional reinforcement is allowed
if necessary.
2) May include thickness of coating or
finish layers which use non-combustible materials.
NOTE 1: Rules for determining
fire-resistance ratings shall conform to part 2.
NOTE 2: Fire-resistance ratings in the
schedule only apply to statically determinate structures. Fire-resistance
ratings of statically indeterminate structures shall be calculated in
accordance with selected and applied standards.
NOTE 3: Parameters of cross-section of
components must be taken into account simultaneously.
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APPENDIX
G
(regulations)
DISTANCE
TO EXIT ACCESSES AND WIDTH OF EXIT ACCESSES
G.1 Maximum travel distance from the furthest
(attended, occupied) point to the nearest exit access
G.1.1 Houses
The maximum travel distance from entry doors
of flats (F1.3 buildings) or dwelling units (F1.2 buildings) to the nearest
exit access (stairwells or exit discharges) is prescribed under Schedule G.1.
Schedule G.1 -
Maximum travel distance from entry doors of flats or dwelling units to the
nearest exit access
Fire resistance
category
Fire risk level of
structures
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If doors are
located between stairwells or between exit discharges
If doors are
located on dead-end corridors
I, II
S0
40
25
II
S1
30
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III
S0
30
20
S1
25
15
IV
S0
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15
S1, S2
20
10
V
No regulations
20
10
G.1.2 Public structures
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NOTE: In regard to storeys whose corridors
are not enclosed by fire protection assemblies in accordance with 3.3.5 or do
not comply with 3.3.4, the maximum travel distance of means of egress must be
calculated from the furthest point of rooms on those storeys. This note section
does not apply to storeys where karaoke rooms or discotheques are located.
G.1.2.2 The maximum travel distance from any
point of rooms with varying volume without audience seating to the nearest exit
access is prescribed under Schedule G.2b. If multiple primary exit accesses are
grouped into one exit access, the width of the exit access must not be lower
than the total width of all grouped exit accesses.
Schedule G.2a -
Maximum travel distance from entry doors of rooms to the nearest exit access in
public structures
Fire resistance
category
Travel distance, m, based on
density of evacuating occupants, people/m2
≤ 2
> 2 and ≤ 3
> 3 and ≤ 4
> 4 and ≤ 5
...
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1. From rooms whose entry doors are located
between stairwells or exit discharges
I, II, III
60
50
40
35
20
IV
40
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30
25
15
V
30
25
20
15
10
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I, II, III
30
25
20
15
10
IV
20
15
...
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10
7
V
15
10
10
5
5
NOTE 1: Density of evacuating occupants
shall be determined by dividing the total number of occupants evacuating by
means of egress by area of such means of egress.
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Schedule G.2b -
Maximum travel distance from any point of public rooms without audience seating
to the nearest exit access
Room
Fire resistance
category
Maximum travel
distance, m,
from any point of the room to the nearest exit access based on room volume, 1
000 m3
≤ 5
> 5 and ≤ 10
> 10
(1)
(2)
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(4)
(5)
1. Waiting rooms, ticket sale rooms,
exhibits, galleries, ballrooms, resting rooms, and similar.
I, II
30
45
55
III, IV
20
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See note
V
15
See note
See note
2. Dining rooms, reading rooms when clear
area of each main passage per occupant is not lower than 0,2 m2.
I, II
65
See note
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III, IV
45
See note
See note
V
30
See note
See note
3. Mercantile rooms when clear area of main
passages accounts for at least 25% of room area.
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50
65
80
III, IV
35
45
See note
V
25
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See note
4. Mercantile rooms when clear area of main
passages accounts for less than 25% of room area.
I, II
25
30
35
III, IV
15
20
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V
10
See note
See note
NOTE: These distances must be determined by
separate technical evaluation.
G.1.3 Manufacturing facility and storage
facility
G.1.3.1 Maximum travel distance from the
furthest attended location in the room the nearest exit access (either an exit
discharge or a stairwell) is prescribed under Schedule G.3. In regard to rooms
larger than 1 000 m2, distances under Schedule G.3 shall include the
length of corridors that lead to the exit accesses.
G.1.3.2 Travel distances under Schedule G.3
that correspond to room volumes which fall in between the specified volumes
shall be determined by interpolation.
G.1.3.3 Travel distances under Schedule G.3
shall apply to rooms up to 6 m in height. If rooms are taller than 6 m, these
distances shall be increased as follows: by 20% if rooms are up to 12 m in
height; by 30% if rooms are up to 18 m in height; by 40% if rooms are up to 24
m in height without exceeding 140 m in case of class A, class B rooms and 240 m
in case of class C rooms.
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Schedule G.3 -
Maximum travel distance from the furthest attended location to the nearest exit
access in manufacturing facility
Room volume, 1000 m3
Class of room
Fire resistance
category
Fire risk level of
structures
Travel distance, m, when density
of occupant evacuating on common passage, people/m2
≤ 1
> 1 and ≤ 3
> 3 and ≤ 5
...
...
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A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
40
25
15
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
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60
40
III, IV
S1
70
40
30
V
S2, S3
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30
20
30
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
60
35
25
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I, II, III, IV
S0
145
85
60
III, IV
S1
100
60
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40
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
80
50
35
40
C1, C2, C3
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S0
160
95
65
III, IV
S1
110
65
45
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A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
120
70
50
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
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105
75
III, IV
S1
160
95
65
≥ 60
A, B
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S0
140
85
60
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
200
110
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III, IV
S1
180
105
75
≥ 80
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
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140
100
III, IV
S1
200
110
85
Regardless of
volume
C4, D
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S0
Any
Any
Any
III, IV
S1
160
95
65
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No regulations
120
70
50
Regardless of
volume
E
I, II, III, IV
S0, S1
Any
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Any
IV, V
S2, S3
160
95
65
NOTE 1: Density of evacuating occupants
shall be determined by dividing the total number of occupants evacuating by
means of egress by area of such means of egress
Schedule G.4 - Travel
distance from entry doors to manufacturing rooms up to 1 000 m2 in
area to the nearest exit access
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Class of room
Fire resistance
category
Fire risk level of
structures
Travel distance
along corridor, m,
from doors of rooms to the nearest exit access, when density of people
evacuating through common passages, people/m2
≤ 2
> 2 and ≤ 3
> 3 and ≤ 4
> 4 and ≤ 5
1. Between 2 exit accesses
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I, II, III, IV
S0
60
50
40
35
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
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95
80
65
III, IV
S1
85
65
55
45
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S2, S3
60
50
40
35
C4, D, E
I, II, III, IV
S0
180
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120
100
III, IV
S1
125
100
85
70
No regulations
...
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90
70
60
50
2. Into dead-end corridors
Regardless of class
I, II, III, IV
S0
30
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20
15
III, IV
S1
20
15
15
10
No regulations
...
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15
10
10
8
G.2 Clear width of exit access
G.2.1 Public structures
G.2.1.1 Width of an exit access from a corridor
into a stairwell and width of stringers must be determined on the basis of
number of occupants evacuating through the exit access number of evacuating
occupants per 1 m of width of exit access (exit access door). Number of
evacuating occupants per 1 m of width of exit access varies depending on fire
resistance category of the building without exceeding:
- 165 people/m in a building with fire
resistance category of I or II;
- 115 people/m in a building with fire
resistance category of III or IV;
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G.2.1.2 For the purpose of calculating width
of exit accesses of buildings affiliated with primary schools, secondary
schools, boarding schools, and boarding sections thereof, occupant load of each
storey must be determined on the basis of occupant load of classrooms, rooms
dedicated for vocational education and training, dwelling units, sports,
conference spaces, and lecture halls on that storey (see G.3, Schedule G.9).
G.2.1.3 Width of doors of classrooms occupied
by more than 15 students must not be lower than 0,9 m.
G.2.1.4 Width of an exit access from rooms
without audience seating must be determined based on the number of occupants
evacuating through the exit access according to Schedule G.5 without being
lower than 1,2 m in rooms with occupant load exceeding 50 people.
Schedule G.5 -
Maximum number of occupants per 1 m of width of exit access of rooms without
audience seating in public structures
Room
Fire resistance
category
Maximum number of
occupants per 1 m of width of exit access in rooms with volume of, 1 000 m3
≤ 5
> 5 and ≤ 10
...
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1. Mercantile rooms when clear area of
primary means of egress is not lower than 25% of clear area of the rooms;
Dining and reading rooms when density of occupants on each primary passage
does not exceed 5 people/m2.
I, II
165
220
275
III, IV
115
155
See note
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80
See note
See note
2. Mercantile rooms when clear area of
primary means of egress is lower than 25% of clear area of the rooms; and
other rooms
I, II
75
100
125
III, IV
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70
See note
V
40
See note
See note
NOTE: The maximum number of occupants per 1
m of width of exit access must be determined in accordance with separate
technical evaluation.
G.2.1.5 Width of primary exit accesses in a
mercantile room must not be lower than:
- 1,4 m - if area for mercantile occupancy is
not larger than 100 m2;
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- 2,0 m - if area for mercantile occupancy is
larger than 150 m2 and not larger than 400 m2;
- 2,5 m - if area for mercantile occupancy is
larger than 400 m2.
G.2.1.6 Number of occupants per 1 m of width
of means of egress from bleachers of sports and outdoor performance structures
is prescribed under Schedule G.6.
Schedule G.6 - Maximum
number of occupants per 1 m of width of means of egress from bleachers of
sports and outdoor performance structures
Fire resistance
category of structures
Maximum number of
occupants per 1 m of width of means of egress
Along staircases of
main passages of bleachers
Through doors from
main passages of bleachers
Descending
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Descending
Ascending
I, II
600
825
620
1 230
III, IV
420
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435
860
V
300
415
310
615
NOTE: Total number of occupant evacuating
through an exit access must not exceed 1 500 people if bleachers have fire
resistance category of I or II. Total number of occupants evacuating through
means of egress must be reduced by 30% in bleachers with fire resistance
category of III and by 50% in bleachers with fire resistance category of IV
or V.
G.2.2 Manufacturing facility and storage
facility
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Number of occupants per 1 m of width of an
exit access that corresponds to building volumes that fall in between specified
volumes shall be determined by interpolation.
In regard to rooms taller than 6 m, number of
occupants per 1 m of width of each exit access in these rooms shall be
increased:
- By 20 % if fire height of the building is
12 m;
- By 30 % if fire height of the building is
18 m; by 40 % if fire height of the building is 24 m.
If fire height of buildings falls in between
the specified values, the number of occupants per 1 m of width of each exit
access shall be determined by interpolation.
Schedule G.7 -
Maximum number of occupants per 1 m of width of exit access from any room of
manufacturing facility
Room volume, 1 000 m3
Class of room
Fire resistance
category
...
...
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Maximum number of
occupants per 1 m of width of exit access from any room, people
≤ 15
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
45
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
...
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...
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III, IV
S1
75
No regulations
S2, S3
55
30
A, B
I, II, III, IV
...
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65
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
155
III, IV
S1
110
40
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I, II, III, IV
S0
85
C1 , C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
175
III, IV
S1
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50
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
130
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
195
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S1
135
≥ 60
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
150
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
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220
III, IV
S1
155
≥ 80
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
260
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S1
220
Regardless of
volume
C4, D
I, II, III, IV
S0
260
III, IV
S1
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No regulations
S2, S3
130
Regardless of
volume
E
No regulations
G.2.2.2 Width of an exit access from a
corridor to exit discharge or a stairwell must be determined based on total
number of occupants evacuating through such exit access and number of people
per 1 m of width of exit access under Schedule G.8 and must not be lower than
0,9 m.
Schedule G.8 -
Maximum number of occupants per 1 m of width of exit access from corridors of
manufacturing facility
Class of room with
the highest fire risk level with exit access leading into corridor
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Fire risk level of
structures
Maximum number of
people per 1 m of width of exit access from corridor, people
A, B
I, II, III, IV
S0
85
C1, C2, C3
I, II, III, IV
S0
...
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IV
S1
120
No regulations
S2, S3
85
C4, D, E
I, II, III, IV
S0
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IV
S1
180
No regulations
S2, S3
130
G.3 Maximum number of occupants in buildings
or building sections
The maximum number of occupants of a room, a
storey, or a building shall be the occupant load of that room, storey, or
building according to approved design. If occupant load is not specified by the
design, the maximum number of occupants shall equal floor area of the room,
storey, or building divided by floor space factor (m2/person) under
Schedule G.9.
NOTE: The “floor area” mentioned above does
not include area of staircases, elevators, lavatories, and other auxiliary
sections.
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Occupying space 2), 3)
Floor space factor,
m2/person
1. Roofed playgrounds, halls, assembly
spaces, clubs, discotheques, bars, karaoke venues, and similar sections
1,0
2. Major lobbies, atriums, reception areas,
waiting lounges, and similar sections
3,0
3. Meeting rooms, guest rooms, conference
rooms, dining rooms, reading rooms, studying rooms, canteens, and similar
rooms
1,5
4. Markets, shopping malls, supermarkets
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5. Galleries or (filming, radio,
television, audio recording) studios
1,5
6. General department stores, barber shops,
hairdresser shops, laundry shops, repair shops, or similar locations
3,0
7. Art galleries, product exhibits, museums,
or similar spaces
5,0
8. Offices
6,0
9. Large furniture retailers such as
chairs, tables, floor coverings, and similar
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10. Kitchens or libraries
7,0
11. Bedrooms or bedrooms integrated with
studying rooms
8,0
12. Living rooms, leisure rooms
10,0
13. Storage or storage units
30,0
14. Motor vehicle parking garages
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1) If values under this Schedule are not
used, floor space factor can be determined based on similar existing
buildings. In this case, parameters must be able to reflect average occupant
density in the peak time of the year.
2) If an occupying space is not mentioned
above, value corresponding to a similar occupying space is allowed.
3) If a building section serves different
purposes, the highest applicable floor space factor shall prevail. If a
building contains different occupying spaces, each occupying space must be
calculated using floor space factor corresponding to that occupying space.
APPENDIX
H
(regulations)
FIRE
RESISTANCE CATEGORY AND FIRE SAFETY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS OF BUILDINGS,
CONSTRUCTIONS, AND FIRE COMPARTMENTS
H.1 Houses and suite-type dorms
Fire resistance categories, fire risk levels
of structures, maximum permissible fire heights of buildings, and area of a
storey in each fire compartment of houses and suite-type dorms are prescribed
under Schedule H.1.
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Fire resistance
category
Fire risk level of
structures
Maximum fire height
of building, m
Maximum area of a
storey within a fire compartment, m2
I
S0
75
2 500
II
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50
2 500
S1
28
2 200
III
S0
28
1 800
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15
1 800
IV
S0
5
1 000
3
1 400
S1
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800
3
1 200
S2
5
500
3
900
V
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5
500
3
800
NOTE 1: Regulations of number of storeys
(permissible fire height), area of fire compartments of F1.3 buildings with
fire height ranging from exceeding 75 m to 150 m are prescribed under
Appendix A.
NOTE 2: Load bearing components of
two-storey buildings with fire resistance category of IV must have a minimum
fire-resistance rating of R 30.
H.2 Public structures
H.2.1 General provisions
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of
structures, maximum fire height, and area of a storey within a fire compartment
of public structures, including hotels and apartments (other than suite-type
dorms and hotels that resemble houses) are prescribed under Schedule H.2.
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Schedule H.2 - Public
structures
Fire resistance
category
Fire risk level of
structures
Maximum fire height
of building, m
Maximum permissible
area of a storey within a fire compartment, m2,
with the number of above-ground storeys (excluding the topmost mechanical
floor)
1
2
3
4,5
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10 through 16
I
S0
50
6 000
5 000
5 000
5 000
5 000
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II
S0
50
6 000
4 000
4 000
4 000
4 000
2 200
...
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S1
28
5 000
3 000
3 000
2 000
1 200
-
III
...
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15
3 000
2 000
2 000
1 200
-
-
III
S1
...
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2 000
1 400
1 200
800
-
-
IV
S0
9
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1 400
-
-
-
-
IV
S1
6
2 000
...
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-
-
-
-
IV
S2, S3
6
1 200
800
...
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-
-
-
V
S1, S2, S3
6
1 200
800
-
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-
-
NOTE 1: This Schedule applies to public
structures mentioned under H.2.1, unless otherwise specified under H.2.2 through
H.2.12.
NOTE 2: The “-“ symbol in the schedule
indicates that a building with fire resistance category matching that on the
same row is not allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on
the same column.
NOTE 3: Load bearing structures of
two-storey buildings with fire resistance category of IV must have minimum
fire-resistance rating of R 45.
NOTE 4: Number of storeys (permissible fire
height), area of fire compartments of public structures with fire height
ranging from exceeding 50 m to 150 m are prescribed under Appendix A.
H.2.2 Service establishments (F3.5)
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of
structures, maximum fire height of buildings, and area of a storey within a
fire compartment of service establishments (F3.5) are prescribed under Schedule
H.3. Additional regulations under H.2.12 are required.
Schedule H.3 -
Service establishments (F3.5)
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Fire risk level of
structure
Maximum fire height
of building, m
Maximum area of a
storey within a fire compartment, m2
Single-storey
building
Multistorey
building (up to 6 storeys excluding the topmost mechanical floor)
I
S0
18
3 000
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II
S0
18
3 000
2 500
II
S1
6
2 500
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III
S0
6
2 500
1 000
III
S1
5
1 000
...
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IV
S0, S1
5
1 000
-
IV
S2, S3
5
500
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V
S1, S2, S3
5
500
-
NOTE: The “-“ symbol in the schedule
indicates that a building with fire resistance category matching that on the
same row is not allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on
the same column.
H.2.3 Commercial establishments (F3.1)
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of
structure, maximum fire height, and area of a storey within a fire compartment
of commercial establishments (F3.1) are prescribed under Schedule H.4.
Additional regulations under H.2.12 are required.
Schedule H.4 -
Commercial establishments (F3.1)
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Fire risk level of
structure
Maximum fire
height, m
Maximum area of a
storey within a fire compartment, m2
One storey
Two storeys
3 through 5 storeys
I, II
S0
28
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3 000
2 500
III
S0, S1
8
2 000
1 000
-
IV
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3
1 000
-
-
IV, V
S1, S2, S3
3
500
-
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NOTE 1: The “-“ symbol in the schedule
indicates that a building with fire resistance category matching that on the
same row is not allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on
the same column.
NOTE 2: The maximum area of a storey within
a fire compartment of a single-storey commercial establishment (that is not a
retailer of paint, varnish, finish materials, motor vehicle parts,
components, carpets, or furniture) with fire resistance category of III as
long as retail sections physically separated from other rooms by type 2
fire-resistance-rated walls.
NOTE 3: In regard to retailers with fire
resistance category of I or II, building height can be increased by 1 storey
if the topmost storey only contains storage, service rooms, and mechanical
rooms.
NOTE 4: The number of storey shall equal
the number of above-ground storey and exclude the topmost storey.
H.2.4 Kindergartens, preschools
H.2.4.1 Fire resistance category, fire risk
level of structures, maximum fire height of buildings (fire compartments) of
regular kindergartens and preschools (F1.1) are prescribed under Schedule H.5
depending on the maximum number of seats in the buildings. Additional
regulations applicable to these buildings and regulations under H.2.12 are
required.
Schedule H.5 -
Kindergartens and preschools
Number of seats
Fire resistance
category, not lower
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Maximum fire
height, m,
(number of above-ground storeys excluding the topmost mechanical floor)
≤ 50
No regulations
No regulations
3 (1)
≤ 100
III
S0, S1
6 (2)
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II
S0, S1
≤ 350
II
S0
9 (3)
I
S0
H.2.4.2 Inner walls, partitions, and floor structures
of kindergartens and preschools (F1.1) and clubs (F2.1) in building with fire
risk level of structure of S1 through S3, including wood structures/structural
elements must have fire risk level of K0.
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- Two storeys - for kindergartens and
preschools dedicated for children with physical and/or mental disability;
- One storey - for kindergartens and
preschools dedicated for children with visual impairment.
In regard to three-storey kindergartens,
rooms for younger students must be positioned on the first storey.
H.2.4.4 Rooms for older students, music rooms,
physical education rooms, leisure rooms, and service rooms are allowed on the
third storey. In this case, rooms larger than 50 m2 require at least
one exit access leading directly into stairwells.
Corridors connecting stairwells in
kindergartens and preschools must be physically separated from rooms by at
least type 2 fire-resistance-rated partitions. Doors of rooms must be tightly
sealed.
H.2.4.5 Auxiliary sections of adjacent
buildings used as leisure rooms for children in kindergartens and preschools
must have similar fire resistance category and fire risk level of structures as
the main buildings.
H.2.5 Primary schools and secondary schools
(F4.1) and sleeping accommodations of boarding schools (F1.1)
H.2.5.1 Fire resistance category, fire risk
level of structure, and maximum fire height of primary schools, secondary
schools, academic blocks of boarding schools (F4.1), sleeping accommodations of
boarding schools (F1.1) shall conform to Schedule H.6. Maximum area of a storey
within a fire compartment of these buildings shall conform to Schedule H.2.
Additional regulations applicable to these buildings and regulations under
H.2.12 are required.
Schedule H.6 -
Primary schools and secondary schools (F4.1) and sleeping accommodations of
boarding schools (F1.1)
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Fire risk level of
structure
Minimum fire
resistance category
Maximum fire height
of the building, m
(number of storey)
≤ 100
No regulations
No regulations
3 (1)
≤ 270
S1
...
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3 (1)
≤ 350
S0
III
7 (2)
S1
II
7 (2)
≤ 600
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II
11 (3)
Any
S0
I
19 (5)
Sleeping
accommodations
≤ 40
No regulations
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3 (1)
≤ 80
S1, S2, S3
IV
3 (1)
≤ 140
S0
IV
3 (1)
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S1
III
3 (1)
≤ 280
S0
III
7 (2)
Any
S0
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15 (4)
NOTE: The number of storey shall equal the
number of above-ground storey and exclude the topmost storey.
H.2.5.2 Fire height of academic blocks and
boarding blocks for children with mental and/or physical disability must not
exceed 9 m.
H.2.6 Cultural establishments
H.2.6.1 Fire resistance category, fire risk
level of structures, and maximum fire height of F2.1 and F2.2 cultural
establishments (libraries, museums, galleries, clubs, theaters, auditoriums,
cinemas, circuses, and buildings with similar occupancies) shall conform to
Schedule H.7 depending on occupant load of the buildings or rooms.
H.2.6.2 Additional regulations applicable to
these buildings and regulations under H.2.212 are required.
H.2.6.3 Occupant load of rooms equals the sum
of fixed seats and temporary seats.
If cinemas contain several screening rooms,
total occupant load of these screening rooms must not exceed values under
Schedule H.7.
H.2.6.5 Load bearing structures of roof
(truss, girders, and similar) of stage and rooms of theaters, clubs, and sports
structures with fire resistance category ranging from I through III must have a
minimum fire-resistance rating of R 45.
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Fire risk category
by function
Fire resistance
category
Fire risk level of
structure
Maximum fire
height, m,
(number of above-ground storeys excluding the topmost mechanical floor)
Occupant load, seats
F2.1
I
S0
50
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II
S0
9 (3)
≤ 800
II
S1
6 (2)
≤ 600
III
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3 (1)
≤ 400
IV, V
S0, S1, S2, S3
3 (1)
≤ 300
F2.2
I
S0
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Any
II
S0
50
≤ 800
II
S1
28
≤ 600
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S0
9 (3)
≤ 400
III
S1
6 (2)
≤ 300
IV, V
S0, S1, S2, S3
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≤ 300
NOTE 1: The maximum height at which rooms
are allowed in F2.1 buildings which is determined by elevation of the first
row of seats shall not exceed 9 m in regard to spaces with occupant load
exceeding 600 seats. Spaces with occupant load of up to 300 seats are allowed
at a height above 28 m are allowed in buildings with fire resistance category
of I and fire risk level of structures of S0.
NOTE 2: Discotheques with occupant load
exceeding 400 people and rooms serving other occupancies with occupant load
exceeding 600 people are not allowed on a storey whose fire height exceeds 9
m in an F2.2 building. Spaces with occupant load of up to 300 seats are
allowed at a height above 28 m in buildings with fire resistance category I
and fire risk level of structure of S0 as long as requirements under A.2.4.
NOTE 3: If full-time cinemas and seasonal
cinemas with different fire resistance categories are combined, they must be
physically separated by type 2 fire-resistance-rated walls.
H.2.7 Sports buildings and structures
H.2.7.1 If indoor sports competition, indoor
skating rinks, indoor pools (with or without bleachers), swimming training
rooms, and indoor shooting ranges (below bleachers or in other public
structures) are larger than values under Schedule H.2, fire-resistance-rated
walls are required to separate these spaces from other rooms.
H.2.7.2 Bleachers of any capacity in F2.3
buildings must have fire resistance category of I and fire risk level of
structure of S0 if spaces below bleachers accommodate auxiliary rooms of at
least 2 storeys.
H.2.7.3 Floors below bleachers must be type 2
fire-resistance-rated floors.
H.2.7.4 If auxiliary rooms only take up one
storey below bleachers or when there are more than 20 rows of benches on the
bleachers, load bearing structures of bleachers must have a minimum
fire-resistance rating of R 45, fire risk level of K0 and floors below the
bleachers must be type 3 fire-resistance-rated floors.
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H.2.7.6 Minimum fire-resistance rating of
temporary (mobile) bleachers shall be R 15 regardless of occupant load.
H.2.7.7 The aforementioned requirements do not
apply to temporary audience seats positioned on sports courts when the sports
courts change shapes.
H.2.8 Passenger terminals
H.2.8.1 Instead of separating passenger
terminals with fire resistance category of I or II and fire risk level of
structure of S0 into fire compartments using type 1 fire-resistance-rated
walls, fire compartments can be separated into fire subcompartments with area
compliant with Schedule H.2 (for rooms with similar fire risk categories by
function) by drenchers or fire curtains with minimum fire-resistance rating of
E 60. In this case, the aforementioned fire curtains and drenchers must be
installed in areas so that there is no fire load within a 4 m radius in both sides
of the fire curtains and drenchers.
H.2.8.2 Floor area contained within
fire-resistance-rated walls (fire compartments) in airport terminals with fire
resistance category of I can be increased to 10 000 m2 if there are
no basements or existing basements (semi-basements) do not contain storage
units or other rooms where combustible materials are located (other than
storage spaces for belongings and clothing of staff, and rooms with fire and
explosion risk classes of C4 and E). In this case, walkways from storage rooms
of cleaning equipment in basements and semi-basements to the first storey can
be positioned along open staircases. If such walkways lead from storage spaces,
they must be positioned along separate staircases contained in enclosed
stairwells. Storage rooms (other rooms where automated storage system is
located) and clothing storage rooms must be physically separated from other
sections of basements by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions and equipped
with automatic fire extinguishing system while dispatch - command stations must
be physically separated by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions.
H.2.8.3 Floor area contained by
fire-resistance-rated walls in airport terminals and passenger terminals with
fire resistance category of I and fire risk level of structure of S0 shall not
be limited if automatic extinguishing system is installed.
H.2.9 Hospitals
H.2.9.1 Hospitals (F1.1) must be positioned in
detached buildings or contained in separate fire compartments with maximum fire
height of 28 m. Hospitals with 2 storeys or higher must have fire resistance
category of I or II and fire risk level of structure of S0.
H.2.9.2 Single-storey hospitals may have fire
resistance category of III and minimum fire risk level of structure of S1, in
this case, the maximum area of a storey within a fire compartment must not
exceed 2 000 m2 for buildings with fire risk level of structure of
S0 and not exceed 200 m2 for buildings with fire risk level of
structure of S1. Then, walls, partitions, and floors, including wood structures
must have fire risk level of K0.
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H.2.9.4 Treatment wards for patients with
mental illnesses and treatment wards of medical stations must have maximum fire
height of 9 m, minimum fire resistance category of II, and fire risk level of
structure of S0.
H.2.9.5 Nursing homes and care centers for
persons with disabilities must be designed to meet fire safety requirements
applied to hospitals.
H.2.10 General medicine examination and
treatment establishments (F3.4)
H.2.10.1 Maximum fire height of out-patient
general medicine examination establishments (F3.4) is 28 m. Fire resistance
category and fire risk level of structure of establishments that are two-storey
high or more must not be lower than II and S0 respectively.
H.2.10.2 Medical establishments that do not
accommodate in-patient treatment can be located in single-storey buildings with
fire resistance category of III and minimum fire risk level of structure of S1
as long as the maximum area of a storey within a fire compartment does not
exceed 3 000 m2 for buildings with fire risk level of structure of
S0 or not exceed 2 000 m2 for buildings with fire risk level of
structure of S1. In this case, walls and partitions separating corridors and
entrance halls from adjacent rooms, including wood structures, must have fire
risk level of K0.
H.2.10.3 Out-patient general medicine
examination rooms (F3.4) can be located in auxiliary sections of buildings with
fire resistance category of II and minimum fire risk level of structure of S0.
These rooms must not be located at a height above 28 m.
H.2.11 Sleeping accommodations of nursing
facilities
H.2.11.1 Sleeping accommodations of nursing
facilities must not be taller than 28 m.
H.2.11.2 Minimum fire resistance category and
fire risk level of structure of sleeping accommodations of nursing facilities
taller than 2 storeys must be II and S0 respectively.
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H.2.11.4 The number of sleeping units in
sleeping accommodations of nursing facilities with fire risk category of I and
II and fire risk level of structure of S0 must not exceed 1 000, with fire risk
category of III and fire risk level of structure of S0 must not exceed 150, and
with other fire risk categories must not exceed 50.
H.2.11.5 Sleeping units for families with
children in sleeping accommodations of nursing facilities must be positioned in
detached buildings or separate building sections separated by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions, not taller than 6 storeys, and have exit
access that are separate from other building sections. In this case, sleeping
accommodations must have fire exits that meet any of the following
requirements:
- The fire exits must lead to balconies or
loggias where the clear width of solid wall from the outer edge of the
balconies (or loggias) to windows (or glass doorways) must not be lower than
1,2 m or from one glass door that opens to the balconies (or loggias) to
another must not be lower than 1,6 m; or
- The fire exits must lead to transition
walkways with minimum width of 0,6 m and leading to adjacent building sections;
or
- The fire exits must lead to balconies or
loggias where external ladders connecting balconies and loggias of other
storeys are installed.
H.2.12 Additional regulations applied to
public structures under H.2
H.2.12.1 Load bearing structures of roofs of
auxiliary sections adjacent to public structures mentioned under H.2.1 through
H.2.11 (where a part can be located in the main buildings and a part is located
outside of the main buildings) must have minimum fire-resistance rating of R 45
and fire risk level of K0.
H.2.12.2 If the entire buildings with fire
resistance category of I and II and fire risk level of structure of S0 are
equipped with automatic extinguishing system, area of fire compartment
mentioned under Schedules H.2 through H.4 can be increased up to two times the
specified values.
H.2.12.3 If a two-storey building section is
contained within a fire compartment of a single-storey building under Schedules
H.2 through H.4 and does not take more than 15% of building area, the fire
compartment is considered a single-storey building.
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H.2.12.5 Fire-resistance-rated walls in
entrance halls and waiting lounges larger than area specified under Schedule
H.2 can be replaced by light-transmitting type 2 fire-resistance-rated
partitions.
H.2.12.6 Wooden walls (wall surfaces),
partitions, and ceilings of buildings with fire resistance category of V that
are kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools, boarding schools,
out-patient medical examination and treatment establishments, healthcare
centers for children, and clubs (other than single-storey clubs with stone wall
cladding) must be protected by fire protection measures.
H.2.12.7 If fire-resistance-rated walls cannot
be installed in passenger terminals and buildings or rooms with similar
occupancies and large spaces (shopping malls, atriums), fire-resistance-rated
walls cane be replaced by drenchers which must be positioned into 2 lines that
are 0,5 m away from the other with minimum intensity of 1 L/s for every meter
in length of the drenchers (for both lines). Drenchers must be sustained for at
least 1 hour. In addition, smoke spread between fire compartments must be
prevented.
H.2.12.8 Libraries must not be taller than 28
m.
H.2.12.9 Maximum fire height at which lectures,
auditoriums, conference rooms, meeting rooms, sports training grounds without
audience, and other rooms with similar occupancies are allowed in buildings
with any occupancy is specified under Schedule H.8 and based on fire resistance
category, fire risk level of structure, and occupant load.
Schedule H.8 -
Maximum fire height at which certain rooms are allowed
Fire resistance
category
Fire risk level of
structures
Occupant load
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I, II
S0
≤ 300
50
S0, S1
≤ 600
12
S0, S1
> 600
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III
S0
≤ 300
9
S0, S1
≤ 600
3
IV
S0, S1, S2, S3
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3
NOTE 1: Maximum height at which a room is
allowed means the elevation of the first row of seat.
NOTE 2: The aforementioned rooms cannot be
positioned higher than the second storey in kindergartens, preschools,
retirement homes, care centers for persons with disabilities (other than
suite-type), hospitals, sleeping accommodations of boarding education
institutions, children facilities, children healthcare facilities (F1.1) or
the third storey in schools (F4.1).
NOTE 3: Total occupant load of rooms on the
same storey must not exceed the value specified under this schedule (unless
the rooms are contained in different fire compartments).
H.3 Administrative - auxiliary buildings of
manufacturing and storage facilities
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of
structures, maximum height of buildings, and area of a storey within a fire
compartment of administrative - auxiliary buildings of manufacturing and
storage facilities (buildings that are detached, adjacent, or contained in
manufacturing or storage facilities, F4.3) are prescribed under Schedule H.2.
Elevation of auditoriums, conference rooms, and meeting rooms under Schedule
H.8 must be taken into account when determining fire resistance category of the
buildings.
H.4 Manufacturing facilities and livestock,
poultry, and animal husbandry facilities
H.4.1 Manufacturing facilities
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of
structures, maximum height of buildings, and area of a storey within a fire
compartment of manufacturing facilities depend on fire and explosion risk
classes under Schedule H.9.
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If automatic extinguishing measure is
equipped for the entire manufacturing facilities, floor area within a fire
compartment under Schedule H.9 can be increased up to two times the original
values, except for buildings with fire resistance category of IV and V.
In regard to buildings with fire and
explosion risk class of C in which class C1 rooms are located and occupy more
than 1/2 the area of corresponding storey area, area of a storey within a fire
compartment under Schedule H.9 must be reduced by 25 %.
Schedule H.9 -
Manufacturing facilities
Fire and explosion
risk class of building of fire compartment
Maximum height of
building 1), m
Fire resistance
category
Fire risk level of
structures
Maximum area of a
storey within a fire compartment, m2
Single-storey
building
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Three-storey
building or more
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
A
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I, II
S0
Any
5 200
3 500
24
III
S0
7 800
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2 600
No regulations
IV
S0
3 500
-
-
B
36
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S0
Any
10 400
7800
24
III
S0
7 800
3 500
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No regulations
IV
S0
3 500
-
-
C
See 2)
48
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S0
Any
25 000
7 800 3)
10 400
5 200 3)
24
III
S0, S1
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10 400
5 200 3)
5 200
3 600 3)
18
IV
S0, S1
25 000
10 400
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18
IV
S2, S3
2 600
2 000
-
12
V
No regulations
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600 4)
-
D
54
I, II
S0
Any
36
III
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Any
25 000
10 400
30
III
S1
Any
10 400
7 800
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IV
S0
Any
10 400
5 200
18
IV
S1
6 500
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-
E
54
I, II
S0
Any
36
III
S0
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50 000
15 000
30
III
S1
Any
25 000
10 400
24
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S0, S1
Any
25 000
7 800
18
IV
S2, S3
10 400
7 800
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12
V
No regulations
2 600
1 500
-
1) Building height under this Schedule is
calculated from floor of the first storey to ceiling of the topmost storey,
including mechanical floor; if elevation of the ceilings vary, average values
shall be used. Only above-ground storeys are included for the purpose of
determining number of storeys. Single-storey buildings with fire risk level
of S0 and S1 shall not be limited in terms of height.
2) If an S0 building with fire resistance
category of I does not satisfy height or fire compartment area requirements
corresponding to the scale of manufacture, the latest edition of NFPA 5000 or
equivalent standards are allowed for the purpose of determining height and
maximum storey area within a fire compartment corresponding to
fire-resistance rating of structures, structural elements, and other
conditions. Fire-resistance rating of structures and structural elements in
this case must not be lower than values specified under Schedule 4 in regard
to buildings with fire resistance category of I.
3) Intended for wood processing and
manufacturing facilities.
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NOTE: The “-“ symbol in the schedule
indicates that a building with fire resistance category matching that on the
same row is not allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on
the same column.
H.4.2 Livestock, poultry, and animal
husbandry facilities (F5.3)
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of
structure, maximum height of building, and area of a storey within a fire
compartment of livestock, poultry, and animal husbandry facilities depend on
fire and explosion risk classes and are prescribed under Schedule H.10 whereas
those of class D buildings are specified under Schedule H.9.
Schedule H.10 - Livestock,
poultry, and animal husbandry facilities
Fire and explosion
risk class of building of fire compartment
Maximum height of
building 1), m
Fire resistance
category
Fire risk level of
structures
Maximum area of a
storey within a fire compartment, m2
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Two-storey building
Three-storey
building or more
C
36
I, II
S0
Any
25 000
10 400
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III
S0
25 000
10 400
5 200
12
IV
S0, S1
25 000
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-
12
IV
S2, S3
2 600
2 000
-
8
V
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1 200
-
-
E
36
I, II
S0
Any
18
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S0
Any
50 000
15 000
18
III
S1
Any
25 000
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12
IV
S0, S1
Any
25 000
7 800
12
IV
S2, S3
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7 800
-
8
V
No regulations
2 600
1 500
-
1) Building height under this Schedule is
calculated from floor of the first storey to ceiling of the topmost storey,
including mechanical floor; if elevation of the ceilings vary, average values
shall be used. Only above-ground storeys are included for the purpose of
determining number of storeys. Single-storey buildings with fire risk level
of S0 and S1 shall not be limited in terms of height.
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NOTE 2: The “-“ symbol in the schedule
indicates that a building with fire resistance category matching that on the
same row is not allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on
the same column.
H.5 Warehouses
H.5.1 Fire resistance category, fire risk level of
structures, maximum height of building, and storey area within a fire compartment
of warehouses (F5.2) depend on fire and explosion risk classes and are
specified under Schedule H.11.
Schedule H.11 -
Warehouses
Fire and explosion
risk class of building of fire compartment
Maximum height of
building 1), m
Fire resistance
category
Fire risk level of
structures
Maximum area of a
storey within a fire compartment, m2
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Two-storey building
Three-storey
building or more
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
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No regulations
I, II
S0
5 200
-
-
No regulations
III
S0
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-
-
No regulations
IV
S0
3 600
-
-
No regulations
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S2, S3
75 2)
-
-
B
18
I, II
S0
7 800
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3 500
No regulations
III
S0
6 500
-
-
No regulations
IV
...
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5 200
-
-
No regulations
IV
S2, S3
75 2)
-
-
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36
I, II
S0
10 400
7 800
5 200
24
III
S0
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5 200
2 600
No regulations
IV
S0, S1
7 800
-
-
No regulations
...
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S2, S3
2 600
-
-
No regulations
V
No regulations
1 200
-
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E
Any
I, II
S0
Any
10 400
7 800
36
III
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Any
7 800
5 200
12
IV
S0, S1
Any
2 200
-
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IV
S2, S3
5 200
-
-
9
V
No regulations
2 200
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-
1) Building height under this Schedule is
calculated from floor of the first storey to ceiling of the topmost storey,
including mechanical floor; if elevation of the ceilings vary, average values
shall be used. Only above-ground storeys are included for the purpose of
determining number of storeys. S0 single-storey buildings with fire
resistance category of I, II, and III are not limited in terms of height.
Single-storey buildings with fire resistance category of IV with fire risk
level of S0, S1 must not be taller than 25 m, fire risk level of S2, S3 must
not be taller than 18 m (where height is determined from floor surface to the
lower edge of load bearing structures of the roof)
2) Mobile buildings
NOTE 1: The “-“ symbol in the schedule
indicates that a building with fire resistance category matching that on the
same row is not allowed to have the same number of storey matching that on
the same column.
NOTE 2: If a class C or class E warehouse
with fire resistance category of I and fire risk level of S0 does not satisfy
height or fire compartment area requirements corresponding to their scale,
the latest edition of NFPA 5000 or equivalent standards are allowed for the
purpose of determining height and maximum storey area within a fire
compartment corresponding to fire-resistance rating of structures, structural
elements, and other conditions. Fire-resistance rating of structures and
structural elements in this cast must not be lower than the values under
Schedule 4 in regard to buildings with fire resistance category of I.
H.5.2 In regard to warehouses where work platforms,
supporting frames, and mezzanines are located, the number of storeys and storey
area within a fire compartment shall be determined in the same manner as
manufacturing facilities as stated under H.4.1. If openings are located on
floors between storeys, total area of these storeys must not exceed values
under Schedule H.10.
H.5.3 If the entire building is equipped with
automatic extinguishing measure, floor area within a fire compartment can be
increased up to two times the original values specified under Schedule H.11,
except for buildings with fire resistance category of IV and V.
If warehouses are located in manufacturing
facilities, warehouse floor area within a fire compartment and their height
(number of storeys) must not exceed values under Schedule H.11.
H.5.4 Maximum area within a fire compartment of the
first storey of multistorey warehouses can be determined in accordance with
regulations applicable to singe-storey buildings if floor of the second storey
is type 1 fire-resistance-rated floor.
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H.5.6 Warehouses of finished wood products are
limited to only one storey with minimum fire resistance category of IV and fire
risk level of structure of S0 and S1.
Fire resistance category, fire risk level of
structure, and storey area within a fire compartment of warehouses of finished
word products are prescribed under Schedule H.12.
If warehouses of finished wood products are
equipped with automatic extinguishing measures, storey area within a fire
compartment can be increased up to two times the values under Schedule H.12
except for buildings with fire resistance category of IV and any fire risk
level and buildings with fire resistance category V. In this case, intensity
and area serving calculation of amount of water or foaming agents must be
increased by 10 %.
Schedule H.12 -
Warehouses of finished wood products
Class of building
Fire resistance
category
Fire risk level of
structures
Maximum area of a
storey contained in a fire compartment, m2
C
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S0
9 600
IV
S0, S1
4 800
IV
S2, S3
2 400
V
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1 200
H.6 Calculation of fire compartment area
H.6.1 Buildings and fire compartments must have
dimensions that fit their fire resistance category, fire risk level of
structures, fire risk category by function, fire risk classes of technology
lines in the buildings or fire compartments.
H.6.2 Fire compartment area shall be the largest
area of a storey within a fire compartment.
Area of a storey within a fire compartment
shall be area of floorspace limited by surrounding walls and/or type 1 fire-resistance-rated
walls. This area shall be determined in a manner that complies with the
following requirements:
- Area of a storey within a fire compartment
shall be determined by inner circumference of surrounding walls of the storey
and not include area of stairwells, unless otherwise specified. If surrounding
walls are partially or entirely missing, the area above shall equal floor area;
- Area of a storey within a fire compartment
of buildings connected via enclosed walkways, tunnels, or enclosed corridors
must be determined by the sum of area of connected storeys and area of enclosed
walkways, tunnels, or enclosed corridors;
- If openings are located on the floor of
manufacturing and storage facilities (F5.1, F5.2, and F5.3), area of a storey within
a fire compartment shall equal the sum of area of storeys connected by the
openings.
- If ramps of enclosed parking garages are
not physically separated, area of a storey within a fire compartment shall
equal the sum of area of storeys connected by non-separated ramps;
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If open staircases, escalators, atriums, and
other occupancies are located in multi-storey spaces of F1.1, F1.2, F2 through
F4 buildings, area of a storey within a fire compartment shall equal the sum of
area of the bottommost storey of the multi-storey spaces and area of corridors,
walkways, rooms of storeys above the multi-storey spaces within the space
separated by type 1 fire-resistance-rated partitions. If multi-storey spaces
are not physically separated from adjacent corridors and rooms by type 1
fire-resistance-rated partitions (even when substitutes such as fire curtains,
drenchers, and similar devices are installed), area of a storey within a fire
compartment shall equal the sum of area of corresponding storeys.
If multiple requirements above are combined,
the least favorable storey area and building height shall prevail for buildings
with corresponding fire risk level of structures.
If fire resistance category and fire risk
level of structure cannot be determined, fire resistance category of V and fire
risk level of structure of S3 shall serve as the basis for determining other
fire safety requirements (fire separation distances and so on).
ATTACHED FILE
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