|
THE
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT - THE MINISTRY OF
CONSTRUCTION
------
|
SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM
Independence - Freedom – Happiness
-------------
|
|
No:
01/2001/TTLT/BKHCNMT-BXD
|
Hanoi, January 18, 2001
|
JOINT CIRCULAR
GUIDING THE REGULATIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR THE
SELECTION OF LOCATION FOR, THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF, SOLID WASTE
BURIAL SITES
In implementation of the
functions and tasks of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment
defined in the Government’s Decree No. 22/CP of May 22, 1993 on the tasks,
powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Science, Technology and
Environment, and of the Ministry of Construction in the Government’s Decree No.
15/CP of March 4, 1994 on the functions, tasks, powers and organizational
structure of the Ministry of Construction;
In order to meet the current urgent demand for the burial of urban and
industrial zone solid wastes, to control pollution and protect environment,
The Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment and the Ministry of
Construction hereby jointly guide the regulations on environmental protection
regarding the selection of location for, the construction and operation of
solid waste burial sites as follows:
I. GENERAL
PROVISIONS
1. Regulation scope and
application objects:
1.1. Regulation scope:
This Circular guides the
implementation of the regulations on environmental protection in selecting
locations for, building and operating solid waste burial sites.
1.2. The solid wastes not
covered by this Circular shall include the solid wastes on the list of
hazardous wastes specified in the Regulation on management of hazardous wastes,
promulgated together with Decision No. 155/1999/QD-TTg of July 16, 1999 of the
Prime Minister and other kinds of hazardous solid waste decided by competent
State bodies according to the provisions of the Regulation on management of
hazardous wastes.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
This Circular shall apply to
agencies exercising the State management over investment and construction;
agencies exercising the State management over environmental protection;
domestic and foreign organizations and individuals providing services on
environment, construction and operation of solid waste burial sites (including
solid waste burial sites managed by production establishments themselves).
2. Term interpretation:
In this Circular, the following
terms shall be construed as follows:
2.1. Solid waste burial site
(hereinafter abbreviated to BS) means a land area or plot, which has already
been planned, selected, designed and constructed for burial of solid wastes in
order to minimize the negative impacts of BS on the environment.
A BS is composed of waste burial
squares, buffer zone and other support works such as waste water and/or gas
treatment stations, power and water supply stations, the executive office.
2.2. Solid wastes (hereinafter
abbreviated to SW) mean the solid wastes arising from daily-life activities in
urban areas and industrial zones, which include wastes from population quarters,
wastes from trade activities, urban services, hospitals, industrial wastes,
wastes from construction activities.
2.3. Garbage water means that
coming from the process of natural disintegration of SW and containing
polluting substances.
2.4. Gas discharged from waste
burial squares means the gaseous mixture generated from waste burial squares
due to the process of natural disintegration of SW.
2.5. The buffer zone means a
stretch of land surrounding a BS for the purpose of preventing and minimizing
the adverse impact of the BS on the environment.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
2.7. Covering layers mean layers
of materials that cover the entire BSs while operating and closing the BSs with
a view to preventing and minimizing the impacts from the burial squares on the
surrounding environment and from the outside on the BS squares.
2.8. Waste gas-collecting system
means a system of works and equipment for gathering waste gases generated from
the BSs in order to prevent, minimize air pollution as well as fire and
explosion dangers.
2.9. Garbage water-collecting
system means a system of works including gathering layers, conduits, canals to
gather garbage water into concentrated holes or treatment stations.
2.10. Protecting fences mean a
system of walls, shielding fences, green belts or barriers with given heights,
which surround BSs with a view to limiting the impacts of the solid waste
burial activities on the surrounding environment.
2.11. The operation duration of
a BS means the entire duration from the time the SW burial starts to the time
the BS is closed.
2.12. BS closure means the
complete cessation of SW burial activities at the BS.
2.13. Surface water and rain
water drainage systems mean the systems to gather and conduct surface and rain
water to designated places in order to prevent the outside surface water from penetrating
into burial squares.
2.14. BS investors mean
Vietnamese or foreign organizations and/or individuals that have the
responsibility to manage/ provide investment capital for the construction of
BSs.
2.15. BS operators mean
Vietnamese or foreign organizations and/or individuals that take responsibility
before the investors for the management of operation and use of BSs.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
II. LOCATION
SELECTION, INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF SOLID WASTE BURIAL SITES
1. General principles:
The work of investment
preparation and execution as well as BS construction must comply with the
Government’s Decree No.52/1999/ND-CP of July 8, 1999, promulgating the
Regulation on investment and construction management (called Decree 52/CP for
short), Decree No.12/2000/ND-CP of May 5, 2000 amending a number of articles of
Decree 52/CP (called Decree 12/CP for short), with the provisions of this
Circular and legal documents on investment and construction.
When an investment project for
BS is approved, there must be the approval of the report on assessment of
environmental impacts (according to Appendix II, to Circular
490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT of April 29, 1998 of the Ministry of Science, Technology
and Environment guiding the making and evaluation of environmental impact
assessment reports for investment projects).
2. Requirements on selection of
BS location.
2.1. The BS locations must be
determined on the basis of construction planning already approved by the
competent State management bodies.
2.2. The distance from the
constructed BS to population quarters, urban centers is stipulated in Appendix
1 to this Circular.
2.3. The location selection must
be based on the natural, economic and social factors as well as the technical
infrastructure systems in the areas planned for the BS construction (stipulated
in Appendix 2 to this Circular).
3. Selection of BS models
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
4. BS sizes:
4.1. The BS sizes are determined
on the basis of:
a/ Population and current waste
volume, the rates of population growth and waste volume increase throughout the
operation duration of the BS.
b/ The economic growth
possibility and urban development orientations.
4.2. The BS design must ensure
that the total depth of the site from its bottom to its top may reach between
15 m to 25m, depending on the BS type and the conditions of the landscapes
surrounding the BS.
4.3. The area for the
construction of support works: roads, embankment, water drainage and conducting
systems, warehouses, yards, workshops, garbage water deposit reservoir, water
treatment reservoir, green tree fence systems and other support works in a BS
accounts for about 20% of the total area of the site.
Based on the above
characteristics, the BS sizes shall be determined according to Table 2 in
Appendix 4 to this Circular.
5. The BS selection process.
The selection of BS location is
carried out through 4 steps:
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
- Step 2: Determining the plan
on possible locations for BS construction. These locations may be considered
and proposed on the basis of studying and analyzing the topographical,
geological, hydro-geological maps, the maps on the current state of available
land use, current population distribution state. Conducting field surveys.
- Step 3: Comparing and
selecting plans with the BS norms and dropping a number of planned locations.
Making official selection. At this step, comparison and evaluation of details
of the remaining locations shall be made on the basis of analyzing and
evaluating the technical, economic and social norms, the optimum option,
applying methods of grafting maps and giving points to norms. To carry out this
step, there must be enough materials on the investigation of the current
environmental state, natural, economic and social characteristics of all
planned locations; thereby to give points to each factor for each location and
select the most appropriate location.
- Step 4: Outlining and
reproducing selected location plan.
The BS’s capital construction
works are prescribed in Appendix 6 to this Circular.
III.
OPERATING SOLID WASTE BURIAL SITES
1. The stage of operation of
BSs.
1.1. Wastes transported to the
BSs must be checked and classified (through weighing stations) and buried
immediately within 24 hours. Wastes must be buried strictly according to
squares prescribed for each type of corresponding waste. For BSs receiving more
than 20,000 tons (or 50,000 m3) of wastes per year, they must be equipped with
electronic weighing systems in order to control waste quantity.
1.2. The operators of BSs must
determine correctly types of waste permitted for burial when admitting them
into the BSs and open books for annual monitoring with the following subjects:
a/ Names of drivers of waste
carrying trucks.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
c/ Waste volume.
d/ Time (day, month, year) of
transporting the waste.
e/ Sources of waste; if it is
industrial waste, the names of factories or enterprises must be clearly
inscribed.
The recording books and relevant
documents must be kept and preserved at the BS Management Boards during the
operation and for at least 5 years after the closure of the BSs.
1.3. Wastes must be buried in
layers separated from each other with layers of soil.
a/ Wastes, after being admitted
for burial, must be leveled out and carefully stamped (with mechanical stamper
6 8 times) into layers of the maximum thickness of 60 cm, ensuring the
minimum percentage of stamped wastes of 0.52 ton 0.8 ton/m3.
b/ Intermediary soil layer must
be covered on garbage surface after the garbage was tightly stamped (into
layers) with the maximum height of 2.0m - 2.2m. The thickness of the covering
soil layer must reach 20 cm. The covering soil layer makes up about 10% 15%
of the total garbage and soil coverage volume.
c/ The covering soil must
contain > 30% clay grain, being wet enough for easy stamping. The covering
soil layer must be evenly and fully spread over the waste layer and, after
being carefully stamped and pressed, have the thickness of about 15 cm 20 cm.
1.4. Besides covering soil,
materials which satisfy the following conditions may also be used as
intermediary covering materials between waste layers:
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
b/ Having the characteristics
of:
- Being capable of preventing
odors.
- Not causing fire, explosion.
- Being capable of preventing
assorted insects, burrowers.
- Being capable of preventing
the dispersal of wastes being light materials.
1.5. The SW of thermo-power
plants shall be buried under the specialized technical guidance.
1.6. The burial squares must be
sprayed with insecticides (not in solution form). The number of sprays shall
depend on the level of development of assorted insects so as to make
appropriate number of spray aiming to limit to the utmost the development of
insects.
1.7. SW transport means, after
dumping wastes into the BSs, must be cleaned before moving out of the BS areas.
1.8. The waste water-gathering
and-treating systems must operate regularly and be periodically inspected, maintained,
repaired and cleaned in order to ensure their designed capacities. The sediment
holes must be dredged and the mud therefrom must be carried to appropriate
treatment areas.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
1.9. Pure garbage water from the
gathering systems of BSs or thick mud from the garbage water treatment systems
are allowed to be used for watering on BSs in order to accelerate the process
of waste disintegration under the following conditions:
a/ The thickness of the being
buried-garbage layer must exceed 4 m.
b/ The technique of watering
evenly on the surface must be applied.
c/ This shall not apply to areas
of the burial squares, which have been covered with the final layer.
2. The stage of BS closure
2.1. The BS closure shall be
effected when:
a/ The volume of waste buried in
the BS has reached the largest capacity according to the technical design.
b/ The operator of the BS is
incapable of continuing to operate the BS.
c/ The BS is close for other
reasons.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
2.2. The BS closure order:
a/ The top covering soil layer
contains the clay percentage of >30%, ensures the standard humidity and is
stamped and pressed carefully, has the thickness of over or equal to 60 cm. The
slanting degree from the foot to the peak of a dump rises gradually from 3
5%, always ensuring good water drainage, non-slide and non-sink. It should be
then:
- Covered with a soil buffer
layer containing commonly sand of from 50 cm 60 cm thick.
- Covered with a layer of
cultivation soil (edaphic soil layer) of from 20 cm 30 cm thick.
- Planted with grass and green
trees.
b/ In big BSs, their operations
must be carried out simultaneously with the construction of new burial squares
and the closure of filled-up squares. Therefore, the regulations for each of
the above stage must be strictly complied with.
2.3. Within 6 months after the
BS closure, the BS operators shall have to report to the State management
bodies in charge of environmental protection on the represent situation of the
BSs. Such a report must be made by an independent specialized environment
agency, including the following contents:
a/ The stituation of operation,
efficiency and possible operation of all works in the BS, including the
anti-penetration system of the BS, the garbage water-gathering and-treating systems,
the surface water and/or underground water management systems, the waste
gases-gathering systems as well as the entire system for supervising
underground water quality, etc.
b/ The observation of the
quality of water discharged from the BSs into the environment, the situation on
the quality of underground water as well as on the emission of waste gases.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
2.4. After the BS closure,
people and animals are still not allowed to freely enter the BSs, particularly
the peak of the sites where gas is concentrated. There must be safety signs and
instructions in the BSs.
3. Observation of the BS
environment
3.1. General provisions:
Any BS, big or small, in delta
or mountainous region, must be observed in term of environment and organize the
monitoring of environmental changes.
a/ The environment observation
covers the observation of the air environment, water environment, land
environment and ecological system, labor environment, the health of people in
nearby communities.
b/ The observation posts must be
placed at typical points where the environmental changes due to the impacts of
the burial sites can be determined.
c/ For BSs, the automatic
observation posts must be arranged.
3.2. Water environment
observation posts
a/ Surface water:
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
+ The first post is situated 15
m 20 m upstream the waste water discharge sluice-gate of the BS.
+ The second is situated 15 m
20 m downstream the waste water discharge sluice-gate of the BS.
- If there exist within a
parameter of 1000m water reservoirs, one more post should be arranged at the
water reservoirs.
b/ Underground water:
- The underground water
observation post is arranged along the flow direction from upstream to
downstream of the BS, needing at least 4 observation bores (one bore on the
upstream and three on the downstream). Observation is conducted even in
atmospheric zone and water saturation zone.
- For each population spot
around the BS, at least one observation post (a deep well or a bore) should be
arranged.
c/ Waste water:
Observation posts shall be
arranged for the comprehensive observation of the quality of the input and
output waste water of the treating areas. Concretely:
- One post is situated before
the entrance to the treating system.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
3.5. Observation cycle: For
automatic posts, the observation and data updating must be made daily. When the
automatic observation posts are not available, depending on the period of
operation or closure of the burial sites, the observation location and
frequency must be designed in a rational manner, ensuring the full observation
of environmental developments due to the operation of the BS; concretely as
follows:
a/ For the period of operation,
the following should be observed:
- Flow (surface water, waste
water): Once every two months.
- Chemical component: Once every
four months.
b/ For the period of closure of
the BS:
- In the first year: Once every
three months
- In subsequent years: 2 m 3 m
times/year.
When taking samples at
underground water observation bores, water must be pumped in flows for at least
30 minutes.
c/ Indexes for chemical
composition analysis and comparison:
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
d/ Each year at the beginning of
the rainy season, rain water can be sampled and analyzed.
3.4. Air environment observation
posts
a/ Location of observation
posts:
Air environment monitoring posts
are arranged as follows: Insides the works and working offices within the BSs,
a network of at least 4 posts should be arranged to supervise the air outside
such works and working offices within the BS areas.
b/ Observation regime (when the
automatic observation post is yet available): Once every three months.
c/ Measuring parameters: dust,
noise, temperature, emitted gas according to the Vietnamese standards.
3.5. Monitoring employees’
health:
Officials and workers working at
the BSs must have their health monitored and checked periodically at least once
every six months.
3.6. Measuring locations
(posts): The measuring locations (posts) must be fixed, preferably with
markers. For underground water observation posts, there must be detailed
design, which can be referred to diagram (see drawing in Appendix 7).
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
3.8. Reporting regime: Annually,
the BS- managing units must report on the present environment of the sites to
the State management bodies in charge of environmental protection.
3.9. Reporting documents: Apart
from documents on measuring, observation results, there must be reports on
hydrologic geology, project geology, detailed explanation of operation of
systems gathering water, garbage, gas, slope, etc.
3.10. Expenses: Expenses for the
construction, the environment observation network may be calculated into the
costs of construction and operation of the BSs.
3.11. Operation duration: The
operation duration of an observation network commences from the time of
starting the operation to the time of closing a BS. After the BS closure, the
sampling for analysis must continue for 5 years; if the quality of the
analytical samples is below the Vietnamese standards, the sampling for analysis
shall terminate and the operation of the observation post shall cease.
3.12. Measuring equipment and
methods:
The measuring equipment and
methods must be uniform; depending on the scientific and technical progress,
the measuring stations can be automated and hooked up with the general control
room of the site.
4. Examining the project quality
regarding the environment
4.1. The work of examining the
environment in the construction, operation and closure of BSs must be conducted
regularly.
4.2. Among items which must be
environmentally qualitatively checked, special attention should be paid to
examining the anti-penetration system, garbage water-gathering and-treating
systems, biogas-gathering, -evaluating and -disposing systems as well as
underground water observation well systems, surface water observation posts.
The examination must be carried out both in the field and in the laboratory,
for the right items and in conformity with each necessary period of time in
order to ensure that the materials and equipment being used in the BSs meet the
Vietnamese standards on environment.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
4.4. Professional officials in
charge of environment quality inspection and supervision must submit reports on
the results thereof after each period, each construction investment item stated
in Part II to the State management bodies in charge of environment in order to
detect in time cases of violation of the environment standards in designing,
constructing and operating BSs and propose remedial measures.
4.5. Equipment used for
inspection of environment quality must satisfy the national and international
standards.
5. Reusing BS areas
5.1. When planning the use and
design of BSs, the possibility of reusing the burial grounds after the closure
of BSs for such purposes as keeping the status quo of the BSs, for construction
of parks, entertainment centers, stadiums, parking lots, or tree planting,
shall be taken into account.
5.2. In case of a need to reuse
BSs, the survey and evaluation of relevant environmental elements must be
conducted; only if the prescribed conditions are met can the reuse be made.
5.3. Pending the reuse of the
BSs, the treatment of garbage water and gas must continue as usual.
5.4. After the BS closure, the
monitoring of environmental changes must be carried on at the observation
posts.
5.5. After the BS closure, the
topographical maps of the BS areas must be re-drawn.
5.6. After the BS closure, there
must be full reports on the BSs’ operation process, and active measures must be
proposed for environment control in subsequent years.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
5.8. When reusing BSs, the gas
gathering bores must be closely examined. Only when the pressure of the gas
bores no longer differs from the atmospheric pressure and the gas concentration
is not higher than 5% can the leveling be permitted.
IV.
ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION
1. The Ministry of Science,
Technology and Environment:
1.1. To assume the prime
responsibility and coordinate with the Ministry of Construction and the
People’s Committees of the provinces and centrally-run cities in disseminating,
guiding and inspecting the implementation of this Circular.
1.2. To direct the
provincial/municipal Services of Science, Technology and Environment to do the
following:
a/ Organizing surveys of
conditions on hydrologic geology, project geology and environment of the
planned areas, which shall serve as basis for designing and constructing BSs;
monitoring and urging the construction investors to make reports on the
assessment of the BSs’ environmental impacts and submit them to the State
management bodies in charge of environment for approval.
b/ Coordinating with the
provincial/municipal Services of Construction as well as of Communications and
Public Works in guiding the implementation of Vietnam’s current regulations and
standards on environment in designing, constructing and operating BSs.
2. The Ministry of Construction:
2.1. To assume the prime
responsibility and coordinate with the Ministry of Science, Technology and
Environment and the People’s Committees of the provinces and centrally-run
cities in guiding the planning of locations for construction of BSs in
localities, the elaboration and promulgation of standards for BS design and
construction, which ensure the environmental hygiene.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
3. The People’s Committees of
the provinces and centrally-run cities
According to their respective
functions and powers, to direct the implementation of the provisions of this
Circular in their respective localities.
This Circular takes effect 15
days after its signing.
If difficulties and problems
arise in the course of implementing this Circular, the localities,
organizations and individuals shall reflect them in time to the Ministry of
Science, Technology and Environment and the Ministry of Construction for study
and appropriate amendments and supplements.
FOR
THE MINISTER OF
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
VICE MINISTER
Pham Khoi Nguyen
FOR
THE MINISTER OF CONSTRUCTION
VICE MINISTER
Nguyen Van Lien
APPENDIX 1
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
Works
Works’ features and sizes
Minimum
distance from the works’ belt to burial sites (m)
Small
and medium burial sites
Large
burial sites
Very
large burial sites
Urban regions
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
3,000
- 5,000
5,000
- 15,000
15,000
- 30,000
Airports, industrial zones,
seaports
From small to large size
1,000
- 2,000
2,000
- 3,000
3,000
- 5,000
Delta and midland population
clusters
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
at the end of principal wind
direction
Other directions
1,000
300
300
1,000
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
300
Mountainous population
clusters
Along mountain creeks (with
down- running current).
Not in the same creek
3,000
- 5,000
Not
prescribed
>
5,000
Not
prescribed
>
5,000
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
Underground water exploiting
works
Capacity <100 m3/day
Q<10,000 m3/day
Q>10,000 m3/day
50
- 100
>
100
>
500
>
100
>
500
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
>
500
>
1,000
>
5,000
Note: BSs should
not be planned on areas with large deposits of underground water, regardless of
whether the underground water lies shallow or deep, areas with lime stone
(Karst). However, if there is no other alternatives, the burial sites must
ensure that all the dump squares, waste water storing and treating lakes, waste
water conducting canals (both their beds and banks) must be constructed with
anti-penetration layers, or the bottoms of the above works must be reinforced
to reach the penetration coefficient of lower than or equal to 1 x 107 cm/s
with the thickness of not lower than 1m, and there must be systems to gather
and treat garbage water and waste water.
APPENDIX 2
SELECTION OF LOCATIONS FOR SOLID WASTE BURIAL SITES
Upon the selection of locations
for the construction of BSs, the overall planning of each region, province or
city must serve as the basis therefor, the sustainable development must be
ensured and the following factors must be taken into full account:
1. Natural factors (natural
environment):
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
- Climate.
- Hydrology.
- Geological elements.
- Hydrologic geology.
- Project geology.
- Natural resources, minerals.
- Ecological landscapes.
2. Socio-economic factors:
- The population distribution of
the region.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
- The administrative management
system.
- Historical relics.
- Security and defense.
3. Infrastructure factors:
- Communications and other
services.
- Current land use situation.
- Distribution of industrial
production establishments, mining establishments at present and in the future.
- Water supply system and
electricity networks.
4. Appropriate distances when
selecting locations for burial sites:
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
- The distance from the BS to
urban centers.
- The distance from the BS to
population quarters.
- The distance from the BS to
airports.
- The distance from the BS to
cultural works, tourist sites.
- The distance from the BS to
underground water exploiting works.
- The distance from the edge of
the BS to the main traffic roads.
These distances are specified in
Table 1 of Appendix 1 to this Circular.
APPENDIX 3
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
1. Dry burial sites are burial
sites for common waste (daily- life garbage, street garbage and industrial
garbage).
2. Wet burial sites are those
used for burial of waste in form of thick mud.
3. Dry-cum- wet burial sites are
places for burial of common waste and thick mud too. For squares reserved for
wet and mixed burial, it is compulsory to increase the garbage water-gathering
system’s capacity to absorb garbage water, without letting the garbage water
penetrate into the underground water.
4. Aboveground burial sites are
those built on the land surface in areas with flat terrain or slightly slanting
(hilly regions). Wastes are piled up into heaps of 15m high. In this case, the
sites must be surrounded with non-penetration dykes in order to prevent contact
between garbage water and surrounding surface water.
5. Underground burial sites are
those lying under the land surface or built through making full use of natural
holes, former mining pits, ditches, canals.
6. Underground-cum-aboveground
burial sites are those built with half underground and half aboveground. Wastes
are not only filled up the underground half but also heaped up above the
ground.
7. Mountain creek burial sites
are those formulated by way of making full use of mountain creeks in
high-mountain and hilly regions.
APPENDIX 4
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
Ordinal number
Site type
Current urban population
Garbage volume
Site area
1
Small
100,000
20,000 tons/year
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
2
Medium
100,000-300,000
65,000 tons/year
10-30 ha
3
Large
300,000-1,000,000
200,000 tons/year
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
4
Very large
1,000,000
> 200,000 tons/year
50 ha
Note: The
operation duration of a BS shall be at least 5 years. It is most efficient if
such duration is 25 years or more.
APPENDIX 5
REGULATIONS ON SURVEY (SURVEY EXTENT)
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
For all BSs, topographical
measuring must be carried out with scales of 1:5,000 and 1:2,000, in addition
to regional topographical maps of scale 1:25,000 for the delta and 1:50,000
for midland and mountainous regions. All points of physio-geological measuring,
hydro-geological boring and project-geological boring must be determined with
coordinates and heights and put on topographical maps.
2. Weather and climatic survey:
To gather climatic materials at
the nearest meteorological stations, factors to be gathered include:
a/ Average rainfall of the
months in a year, the maximum daily rainfall, the minimum daily rainfall.
b/ The average and maximum
evaporation degree in the month.
c/ The wind direction and wind
speed in the year.
d/ The average, highest and
lowest temperatures in the month, etc.
3. Hydrological survey:
Apart from gathering materials
on regional hydrology (river and stream networks, value of the average, maximum
and minimum water levels, average, maximum and minimum water flows at the
nearest hydrologic stations, the tidal regimes for regions under the tidal
impacts), field surveys must be carried out and the following fundamental issues
must be clarified:
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
b/ Scales of currents: width,
depth, flowing direction…
c/ Current basin: area, slope,
water gathering capacity.
d/ Current flow, with special
attention being paid to flood flow.
e/ The maximum, minimum water
levels of currents.
f/ Water quality.
g/ The current water use
situation.
h/ Ponds and lakes, their sizes,
quality and current use.
i/ Fluctuation of water levels
in lakes.
j/ The distances from BSs to
lakes, water flows.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
The longer duration for which
the update of the above data is made, the higher the value of such data, but
the minimum duration shall not be shorter than 5 years.
4. Geological, hydro-geological
and project-geological surveys:
4.1. The survey must answer the
following basic questions:
a/ The distribution of soil and
rock layers in the BS regions, the area, thickness and depth of such layers.
b/ The petrographic composition
of layers.
c/ The absorbent coefficients of
layers.
d/ The chemical composition of
water, the physio-mechanical properties of soil layers, the grain composition.
e/ The water levels of layers.
f/ Are there broken and
discontinuous stretches running through the site construction regions? The
scale and nature of such breaks and discontinuity.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
h/ The capability of storing
earth and quality of soil in service of the coverage and closure of burial
sites.
The research depth must reach
the depth of base rock, for midland regions, the full depth of the top water
storing layer for delta regions and the depth of the main water- storing layer
being exploited, for a number of regions such as Hanoi.
4.2. To meet the above
requirements, the following must be done:
a/ Conducting physio-geological
measuring in order to determine the break and discontinuity.
b/ Boring and experimenting at
least one hydro-geological bore. The depth of the hydro-geological bore must
reach the water storing layer of water supply significance. The bore may be
located outside the burial site up to 50m (which may be used, if necessary, as
bore to supply water for the burial site or as the underground water
observation post).
c/ The present situation on
underground water exploitation in the region.
d/ Project geology: The project
geological bore network may be 30m x 30m to 50m x 50 m, depending on whether
the site is large or small.
- The depth of project
geological bores 15m
- The number of sample taken
from each layer shall be at least one.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
- The water levels in all bores
must be gauged.
- Upon the completion of survey
work, the bores must be filled up in strict accordance with the technical
requirements, absolutely not letting water penetrate down, and only bores used
for observation (water level gauging, taking samples for analysis…) are left.
- Chemical analysis of a number
of soil samples (at least one sample for each layer).
5. Survey of regional ecological
system:
a/ The major flora and fauna
systems and their economic significance.
b/ Aquatic system.
c/ Rare and precious plant and
animal species on the red list of the BS region and vicinities.
6. Socio-economic situation
survey:
a/ The present land use
situation, particularly areas selected for BS: The productivity, current
economic value.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
c/ Production, business, service
establishments.
d/ The nearest population
quarters (the population, fertility rate, current public health situation…,
customs and practices).
e/ Tourist sites, historical
relics, cultural relics, scenic places and other factors.
APPENDIX 6
TABLE 3. CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION WORKS IN THE SOLID
WASTE BURIAL SITES
Ordinal
number
Works
Delta
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
Mountain
Small,
medium
Big
Very
big
Small,
medium
Big
Very
big
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
Big
Very
big
1
Garbage squares
x
x
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
2
Mud-drying yard, mud-storing
square
x
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
x
3
Garbage water-collecting and
treating system
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
x
x
4
Gas collection and treatment
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
x
x
x
5
Surface flow drainage and
checking system
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
6
Fence system
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
7
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
Signboard system
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
9
Environment observation system
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
10
Power-and water-supply systems
x
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
11
Weighing station
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
12
SW inspection station
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
13
Vehicle, machinery cleaning
station
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
x
14
Control system
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
x
15
Working office
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
x
x
16
Covering substance-storage
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
x
x
x
17
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
Insecticide warehouses
x
x
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
19
Repair, maintenance station
x
x
x
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
20
Vehicle, machinery shed
x
x
x
x
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
x
21
Experimenting station
x
x
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
x
MAJOR
CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION WORKS IN BURIAL SITES
1. The burial squares include a
number of following types:
1.1. Common SW burial squares:
a/ Burial squares are places
where wastes are stored and buried. For large and very large BSs, they can be
divided into common SW burial squares and a number of squares for burial of
hazardous wastes when so permitted by the State management bodies in charge of
environmental protection. Each BS is often designed with a number of burial
squares in conformity with the BS’s capacity and practical conditions of each
locality.
b/ Burial squares should be
designed in a way with sizes that each square must be closed after no more than
3 years’ operation and a new burial square shall be used.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
d/ The burial squares’
foundations and walls must have low absorbent coefficients and great loading
capacity, which are either natural or man-made. The natural foundations and
walls of burial squares must be lined with soil layers with the absorbent
coefficient of 1 x 10-7 cm/s and the thickness of over 1m. If the natural
soil layers have the absorbent coefficient of > 1 x 10-7 cm/s, the
anti-penetration layers with the absorbent coefficient of 1 x 10-7 cm/s and
the thickness of not lower than 60 cm must be built. The foundations and walls
of the squares in burial sites must be lined with anti-penetration layers made
of synthetic membrane of at least 1.5 mm thick. The top of partitioning walls
must be at least ground-high and their bases must pierce into the clay layer of
the sites for at least 60 cm.
e/ The beds of burial squares
must have the loading capacity of >1 kg/cm2 to facilitate the mechanized
construction. The slope of the burial square is not lower than 2%, which shall
be not lower than 5% at places near the garbage water gathering ditches.
f/ The burial squares’ beds must
be constructed with garbage water gathering systems.
1.2. Squares for burial of
wastes in form of mud: The requirements thereon are similar to those on squares
for burial of common wastes but the squares for burial of wastes in mud form
should be solidified with concrete and thoroughly lined with cement layers or
structured with double beds with two layers plus one anti-penetration synthetic
membrane of HDPE (or materials of equivalent properties and quality) of at
least 1.5 mm thick for absolute non-penetration and convenient mechanized
construction. The distance between ditches and garbage water-gathering holes
must ensure the full recovery of garbage water in squares. Before being put
into burial squares, mud must be sun-dried and pressed.
1.3. When rock or ore mining
pits or mines (already used) are reused as burial sites, the following
conditions must be satisfied:
a/ Where mining pits’ or mines’
beds are situated higher than the underground water level, if the daily average
flow of infiltrating water (calculated according to the average of a continuous
observation year) is lower than 1.5 x 10-3 m3 of water/m2, it is not necessary
to apply the anti-penetration measures for beds and walls of the burial
squares. If the daily average flow of infiltrating water is higher than 1.5 x
10-3 m3 of water/m2, the anti-penetration measures must be applied as provided
for in this Appendix.
b/ Where the pits’ or mines’
beds are situated lower than the underground water level, the anti-penetration
measures must be applied as provided for in this Appendix.
2. Garbage water, waste water-
gathering and treating systems of BSs:
2.1. All BSs must gather garbage
water and waste water (from daily-life activities, water from cleaning
transport means, water discharged from testing and experiment and other kinds
of waste water). Garbage water and waste water, after being treated, must reach
the Vietnamese standards on environment.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
a/ The garbage water-gathering
layer is placed at the bed and walls of a burial square and above the
anti-penetration layer of the burial square’s beds or above the
anti-penetration synthetic membrane, depending on each specific case. It must
be at least 50 cm thick and have the following properties:
- Having at least 5% of volume
of grains sized 0.075 mm.
- Having the minimum absorbent
coefficient of 1 x 10-2 cm/s.
b/ The network of garbage
water-gathering pipes is placed inside the garbage water gathering layer (as
described above), fully covering the burial square’s bed. These garbage water
gathering pipes must satisfy the following requirements:
- The inner walls are smooth and
their minimum diameter is 150 mm.
- The minimum slope is 1%.
c/ The layer enclosing the
garbage water and/or waste water-gathering pipes is composed of a layer of soil
with grain of at least 5% of the volume of grains with the diameter of 0.075 mm
or a synthetic filtering membrane of equivalent filtering efficiency in order
to prevent the movement of too smooth grains into the gathering system so that
the garbage water automatically runs into the gathering system.
2.3. The garbage water and/or
waste water-gathering systems must be designed and installed in a way so as to
minimize the accumulation of garbage water at the beds of the burial squares.
Materials selected for the construction of garbage water gathering system must
ensure their chemical and mechanical durability throughout the duration of
operating and using the BSs.
2.4. The garbage water and/or
waste water-gathering and treating systems must be constructed with
anti-penetration beds and walls to prevent the infiltration of garbage water
and waste water into underground water and surface water.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
3. Waste gas gathering and
treatment
3.1. To ensure safety and
environmental hygiene, all BSs must have the waste gas-gathering and- treating
system. Depending on the volume of generated gas, the gas may be used for
welfare purpose or destroyed by method of burning, without letting the gas leak
into the surrounding environment.
3.2. Gas is usually gathered by
passive gas releasing systems (for small BSs) or active gas releasing systems
with vertical drilling wells (for medium and large BSs).
3.3. The positions of drilling
wells should be placed atop the waste mounds
The bores must reach deep into
the waste layer (under the site covering layers) for at least 1m - 1.5m. The
distance between gas gathering bores is usually 50m - 70m and such bores are
arranged in equilateral triangles.
The gas gathering bores must be
fully wedged around with ductile clay and cement.
3.6. The gas-gathering and-
treating areas must be surrounded with fences or signboards "For staff
only".
4. Surface water and rain water
drainage systems
The surface water and rain water
drainage systems vary according the BSs’ terrain.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
The canals are designed with
sizes based on the capacity of water pouring from nearly slopes into BSs and
running out from the sites. Places where strong flood currents run must be
embanked with rocks so as to prevent water on the canal banks from pouring into
the BSs.
4.2. In delta regions, the BSs
may be surrounded with (non-penetration) dyke systems in order to separate the
BSs from surrounding areas. The dykes must be 2m - 3m higher than the flood
water level, the dyke surface is 3m - 4m wide, planted with fences and trees.
There must be separate systems to gather and discharge rain water into rain
water drainage canals of the regions.
5. Fence and green- tree belts:
The BSs must be surrounded by fences.
5.1. At the initial stage, the
fences must be made of barbed wires in combination with the planting of
thriving and polyrhizous plants (acanthus is a good choice) or construction of
walls.
5.1. At the initial stage, the
fences should be made of barbed wires in combination with the planting of green
trees of polyrhizal roots, which grow quick (better the acanthi), or brick
walls.
5.2. Planting green trees around
BSs.
a/ Better to select trees of
with large canopy, without leave fall and green all year round. The minimum
height of the trees is usually equal to the height of the BSs.
b/ Green trees should be planted
in land areas left unused and unoccupied land around warehouses and support
works.
c/ Green trees shall also be
planted along the passages from the main traffic roads leading into the BSs.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
6.1. Roads leading into the BSs:
a/ The roads shall be designed
and constructed with grades based on the calculation of vehicle flow, tonnage
and speeds according to the road designing norms set by the Ministry of Communications
and Transport; the road surfaces must be wide enough with two lanes for
vehicles running at the speed of 60 - 80 km/h, the top dressing must be well
made for the intensity of 5 - 7 kg/cm2 and well drained.
b/ Being painted with separating
lines for vehicles, passers-by, rudimentary means;
c/ Built with water drainage
ditches (for mountainous and midland regions).
d/ Houses are not allowed to be
constructed along both sides of the roads.
e/ The roads are planted with
trees on both sides.
6.2. Intra-BS roads:
a/ They must be convenient and
large enough for smooth operation of vehicles and machinery.
b/ For large and very large BSs,
there must be solid and semi-solid roads top-dressed with asphalt or concrete.
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
d/ Temporary roads are used for
entering vehicles to dump garbage; they must be built with places for easy
U-turns.
7. Water supply systems: For
large and very large BSs, there must be water supply systems in service of
daily life of officials, employees and of production.
7.1. The water supply system may
be constructed independently or in conjunction with the common urban water
supply system.
7.2. In case of independent
water supply system, it is best to use the underground water from the bores and
there must be the treating system reaching the standards prescribed for the
supply of water for daily life activities.
7.3. Water for production
(cleaning vehicles, spraying roads, cleaning yards) are taken from the rain
water drainage canals (or biological lakes after the standardized treatment);
water supplied for daily life activities shall not be used for cleaning
vehicles, yards.-
APPENDIX 7
DIAGRAM OF UNDERGROUND WATER OBSERVATION BORE
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
(2) Cement platform
(3) Wedging clay
(4) Poorly-absorbent soil
(5) Water-storing layer
(6) Filtering pipe
(7) Sediment pipe
(8) Prop pipe
(9) Reverse filtering layer
...
...
...
Please sign up or sign in to your Pro Membership to see English documents.
THE
MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION
VICE MINISTER
Nguyen Van Lien