STATE BANK OF
VIETNAM
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THE SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence – Freedom – Happiness
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No:
14/2024/TT-NHNN
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Hanoi, June 28,
2024
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CIRCULAR
ON CLASSIFICATION OF
ASSESTS OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
Pursuant to Law on State Bank of Vietnam dated
June 16, 2010;
Pursuant to Law on Credit Institutions dated
January 18, 2024;
Pursuant to Decree No. 102/2022/ND-CP dated
November 12, 2022 of Government on function, tasks, powers, and organizational
structure of the State Bank of Vietnam;
At the request of Chief Bank Inspector;
The Governor of the State Bank of Vietnam issues
a Circular on classification of assets of microfinance institutions.
Chapter I
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Article 1. Scope
1. Scope
This Circular introduces regulations on
classification of assets (hereinafter referred to as “debts”) arising from the
operations of microfinance institutions (hereinafter referred to as “MFI(s)”),
including:
a) Lending;
b) Loan trust;
c) Deposits (excluding checkable deposits) at
credit institutions and foreign bank branches (FFBs) in accordance with law.
2. Regulated entities:
a) MFIs;
b) Other agencies, organizations and individuals
related to debt classification of MFIs.
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For the purposes of this Circular, these terms are
construed as follows:
1. Debt classification means classification of
principals into different categories specified in Article 5 of this Circular.
2. Debt means an amount of money that a MFI remits
or disburses in installment (in case the repayment term or due date varies with
each disbursement), or an amount of money that a MFI already disburses under an
agreement (in case the repayment term does not vary with multiple
disbursements) with respect to a customer’s unpaid debt.
3. Overdue debt means a part or the whole of loan
principal and/or interest that a customer fails to pay by the due date as
agreed upon with a MFI.
4. Nonperforming loan (NPL) means on-balance sheet
bad debt that is classified into group 3, 4, or 5 in accordance with this
Circular.
5. NPL ratio means the ratio of the amount of NPLs
to the total amount of debts from group 1 to group 5 in accordance with this
Circular.
6. Rescheduled debt means a debt of which the
repayment term is rescheduled according to regulations of State Bank of Vietnam
(SBV).
7. Customer means an organization (including credit
institutions and FBBs); a customer of MFI bound by the SBV’s regulation to
incur or give rise to agreed-upon repayment or payment obligations to a MFI.
Article 3. Periodic debt classification
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Chapter II
SPECIFIC PROVISIONS
Article 4. Debt classification rules
1. All outstanding debts that a customer owes to a
MFI must be classified into the same debt group. For customers with two or more
debts at the microfinance institution, if any debt is classified in accordance
with Article 5 of this Circular into a group with risk level higher than the
other debts, the MFI must reclassify the remaining debts of the customer into
the group with highest risk level.
2. For entrusted loan where the trustee has not yet
fully received the disbursement of trust funds under the entrustment contract,
the MFO shall classify the undisbursed amount of trust funds as a loan granted
to the trustee. The period during which the loan is deemed past due starts from
the time of the trustee’s failure to receive the disbursement of the loan by
the disbursement deadline specified in the entrustment contract.
Article 5. Debt classification
MFIs shall classify debts into the
following 05 groups:
1. Group 1 (Standard debts),
including:
a) Any unmatured debt;
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2. Group 2 (Debts needing
attention), including:
a) Any debt which is up to 90 days
past due;
b) Any first-time rescheduled
debt.
3. Group 3 (Substandard debts),
including
a) Any debt which is from 30 to
less than 90 days past due;
b) Any first-time rescheduled debt
which is under 30 days past due from the first-time rescheduled maturity date;
c) Any debt on which interest is
exempted or reduced due to the customer’s inability to pay the agreed-upon
interest in full.
4. Group 4 (Doubtful debts),
including:
a) Any debt which is from 90 to
less than 180 days past due;
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c) Any second-time rescheduled
debt.
5. Group 5 (Debts giving rise to
loss), including:
a) Any debt which is more than 180
days past due;
b) Any first-time rescheduled debt
which is at least 90 days past due from the first-time rescheduled maturity
date;
c) Any second-time rescheduled
debt which is past due from the second-time rescheduled maturity date;
d) All third- or more-time rescheduled debt.
Article. Reporting
MFIs shall submit reports on classification of
debts, and establishment and use of risk provisions in accordance with SBV’s
regulations on statistical reporting applicable to MFIs.
Chapter III
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Article 7. Responsibilities of the SBV
1. Banking Supervision Agency, the SBV’s provincial
branches shall:
a) Carry out inspection and supervision of
classification of debts, establishment and use of risk provisions of the MFI
within its jurisdiction and in accordance with law;
b) Take action against the MFI within its
jurisdiction and in accordance with laws on handling of administrative
violations in monetary and banking sector.
2. The Forecasting and Statistics Department shall
play the leading role and cooperate with relevant units in requesting the SBV’s
Governor to promulgate regulations on statistical reporting on classification
of debts, establishment and use of risk provisions of MFIs.
3. The Finance and Accounting Department shall,
according to this Circular, develop and submit document guiding implementation
of relevant accounting policies to the SBV’s Governor for consideration in
accordance with law.
Article 8. Implementation clause
1. This
Circular comes into force from August 12, 2024.
2. This Circular annuls Circular No.
15/2010/TT-NHNN dated June 16, 2010 of the Governor of State Bank of Vietnam on
debt classification, establishment and use of risk provisions in operation of
MFIs.
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Chief of Office, Chief Bank Inspector, Heads of
relevant units affiliated the SBV, and microfinance institutions are
responsible for organizing the implementation of this Circular./.
PP. PP.
GORVENOR
LIEUTENANT GORVENOR
Dao Minh Tu