THE
STANDING COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No.
24/2004/PL-UBTVQH11
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Hanoi,
September 29, 2004
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ORDINANCE
JUDICIAL EXPERTISE
Pursuant to the 1992
Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which was amended and
supplemented under Resolution No. 51/2001/QH10 of December 25, 2001 of the Xth
National Assembly, its 10th session;
This Ordinance prescribes the organization and operation of judicial expertise.
Chapter I
GENERAL PROVISION
Article 1.-
Judicial expertise
Judicial expertise means the use
of scientific, technical and professional knowledge, means and methods to make
professional conclusions on matters related to criminal, administrative cases,
civil cases and/or matters (hereinafter referred collectively to as cases) by
judicial experts at the requests of procedure-conducting agencies and/or
persons with a view to serving the settlement of cases.
Article 2.-
Regulation scope
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2. Expertise not solicited by
procedure-conducting agencies and/or persons and not aiming to service the
settlement of cases shall not be governed by this Ordinance.
Article 3.-
Principles for performance of judicial expertise
1. To comply with law, to abide
by professional standards.
2. To be honest, accurate,
objective.
3. To make professional
conclusions only on matters related to cases within the requested scope.
4. To bear personal liability
before law for expertising conclusions.
Article 4.-
Responsibilities of organizations, individuals for judicial expertise
activities
Organizations and individuals
have the responsibility to create conditions for judicial experts to perform
the expertise according to the provisions of this Ordinance and other relevant
law provisions.
All acts of illegally
interfering in or hindering the performance of expertise by judicial experts
are strictly forbidden.
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The State encourages and creates
conditions for organizations and individuals to participate in judicial
expertise activities; provides professional training and fostering for, and
adopts preferential treatment policies towards, judicial experts; ensures
material and technical foundations for judicial expertise organizations.
Article 6.-
Application of international treaties
1. In cases where the
international treaties which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has signed or
acceded to contain provisions different from the provisions of this Ordinance,
the provisions of such international treaties shall apply.
2. In cases where the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam has not yet signed or acceded to any relevant international
treaties, the international cooperation in judicial expertise activities shall
comply with the principle of reciprocity but must not contravene the laws of
the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, international laws and practices.
Chapter II
JUDICIAL EXPERTISE PERFORMERS
Article 7.-
Judicial expertise performers
The judicial expertise
performers shall include:
1. Judicial experts;
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Article 8.-
Judicial experts
1. Judicial experts are those
who fully satisfy the standards prescribed in Clause 2 of this Article and do
not fall into the cases prescribed in Clause 3 of this Article, are appointed
and granted judicial expert's card by competent State bodies according to the
provisions of this Ordinance.
2. Vietnamese citizens who
permanently reside in Vietnam and fully meet the following standards can be
appointed to be judicial experts:
a) Having university or higher
degree and having been engaged in practical professional activities in the
branches of their study for five years or more;
b) Having good moral qualities;
c) Having full civil act
capacity.
3. The following persons shall
not be appointed to be judicial experts:
a) Being examined for penal
liability or having been convicted but not yet given criminal record remission;
b) Being under administrative
probation;
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4. Judicial experts can work in
judicial expertise organizations or professional organizations.
Article 9.-
Appointment, relief from duty of judicial experts
1. The appointment of judicial
experts shall be effected in the domains of forensic medicine, psychiatrically
forensic medicine, criminological techniques, finance-accounting, construction,
culture, environment and other necessary domains.
2. Judicial experts shall be
relieved from duty in the following cases:
a) They no longer fully satisfy
the criteria prescribed in Clause 2, Article 8 of this Ordinance;
b) They are disciplined with
caution or higher penalties for their deliberate violations in professional
activities or violation of professional ethics;
c) They are administratively
sanctioned for acts of violating law provisions on judicial expertise;
d) They violate the provisions
in Article 14 of this Ordinance.
3. The ministers, the heads of
ministerial-level agencies, the heads of Government-attached agencies shall
appoint, relieve from duty judicial experts at the central level in the fields
under their ministries' or branches' management.
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Article
10.- Judicial expert's card
1. Persons appointed to be
judicial experts shall be granted judicial expert's cards by the Ministry of Justice
at the proposals of ministries, ministerial-level agencies, Government-attached
agencies, People's Committees of provinces or centrally-run cities (hereinafter
referred collectively to as the provincial-level People's Committees).
2. Within fifteen days after the
receipt of written proposals of ministries, ministerial-level agencies,
Government-attached agencies or provincial-level People's Committees on the
grant of judicial expert's cards, the Ministry of Justice shall have to grant
judicial expert's cards to persons who are appointed to be judicial experts.
3. The Ministry of Justice shall
make and publicize the list of judicial experts.
4. The Ministry of Justice shall
withdraw the judicial expert's cards of judicial experts who are relieved from
duty within fifteen days as from the date of receiving the relief-from-duty
decisions of ministers, heads of ministerial-level agencies, heads of
Government-attached agencies or presidents of provincial-level People's
Committees.
Article
11.- Casual judicial expertise performers
1. Persons who are not judicial
experts but fully satisfy the criteria prescribed in Clause 2, Article 8 and do
not fall into one of the cases prescribed in Clause 3, Article 8 of this
Ordinance can be solicited to perform the judicial expertise on a case-by-case
basis.
2. Where persons have no
university degree but have intensive knowledge about the fields needed to be
expertised and prestige in such fields, they can be solicited to perform the
judicial expertise on a case-by-case basis.
3. The Ministry of Justice shall
make and publicize the list of casual judicial expertise performers prescribed
in Clauses 1 and 2 of this Article at the proposal of ministries,
ministerial-level agencies, Government-attached agencies or provincial-level
People's Committees.
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1. To request
procedure-conducting agencies or persons that solicit expertise (hereinafter
referred collectively to as expertise solicitors) to supply information and/or
documents related to expertised objects.
2. To select necessary and
suitable methods to conduct expertise according to the contents requested for
expertise.
3. To use additional testing
results or professional conclusions made by other organizations or individuals
in service of the expertise.
4. To be independent in making
expertising conclusions.
5. To refuse the expertise in
cases where the to be-expertised objects, the supplied relevant documents are
inadequate or invalid for making expertising conclusions; the time is not
enough for the expertise or for other plausible reasons.
6. To have their safety ensured
when performing the expertise or when participating in the procedures in their
capacity as judicial expertise performers.
7. Judicial expertise performers
who are salaried by the State budget shall enjoy subsidies and other allowances
according to law provisions.
Judicial expertise performers
who do not enjoy salaries from the State budget shall be paid the judicial
expertise remunerations.
The Government shall specify the
regimes of subsidies, allowances and remunerations for judicial expertise
performers.
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Article
13.- Obligations of judicial expertise performers
1. To abide by the principles
for performance of judicial expertise.
2. To perform judicial expertise
strictly according to the contents requested for expertise.
3. To perform expertise strictly
within the requested time limit; in case of needing more time for the
performance of expertise, to promptly notify such to the expertise-soliciting
agencies or persons.
4. To compile expertise
dossiers.
5. To be present under the
summons of procedure-conducting agencies and explain the expertising conclusions
when so requested.
6. To preserve expertise
specimen, documents related to the expertised cases or matters.
7. To keep secret the
expertising results, information and documents.
8. To refuse expertise in cases
prescribed in Article 37 of this Ordinance.
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10. Other obligations prescribed
by procedural legislation.
Article
14.- Strictly prohibited acts of judicial expertise performers.
1. Refusing to make expertising
conclusions without plausible reasons.
2. Deliberately making
untruthful expertising conclusions.
3. Abusing expertise for
self-seeking purposes.
4. Disclosing investigating
secrets which they know when participating in criminal procedures in their
capacity as judicial expertise performers; disclosing secret information which
they know when performing the expertise for other cases.
Chapter
III
JUDICIAL EXPERTISE ORGANIZATIONS
Article
15.- Setting up of judicial expertise organizations
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Article
16.- Forensic expertise organizations
1. The National Institute of
Forensic Medicine.
2. The provincial/municipal
centers for forensic medicine.
3. The Army Institute of
Forensic Medicine, the Forensic Medicine Center of the Criminological Institute
of the Ministry of Public Security.
Article
17.- The National Institute of Forensic Medicine
1. The National Institute of
Forensic Medicine is set up under the Prime Minister's decision at the proposal
of the Justice Minister and the Health Minister and is attached to the Ministry
of Health.
2. The National Institute of
Forensic Medicine is a non-business unit with revenues, has the legal person
status, its own seal, accounts and head-office.
Article
18.- The provincial/municipal Centers for Forensic Medicine
1. Basing themselves on their
local demands and practical conditions, the provincial-level People's Committee
presidents shall decide on the establishment of provincial/municipal Centers
for Forensic Medicine (hereinafter called the Forensic Medicine Centers for
short) at the proposals of the directors of the provincial/municipal Services
of Justice after reaching agreement with the directors of the
provincial/municipal Health Services, which are attached to the
provincial/municipal Health Services.
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2. The Forensic Medicine Centers
are non-business units with revenues, have the legal person status, their own
seals, accounts, which are located in provincial-level general hospitals.
Article
19.- Forensic medicine expertise in the army and the police forces
1. The Defense Ministry has the
Army Forensic Medicine Institute.
The military zone-level
hospitals shall have forensic medicine experts.
2. The Ministry of Public
Security has the Forensic Medicine Center under the Criminological Institute.
The Police Departments of the
provinces or centrally-run cities shall have forensic medicine experts.
Article
20.- Psychiatrically forensic medicine expertise organizations
1. The Central Institute of
Psychiatrically Forensic Expertise is set up under the Health Minister's
decision, after reaching agreement with the Justice Minister, and attached to
the Health Ministry.
The Central Institute of Psychiatrically
Forensic Expertise is a non-business unit with revenues, has the legal person
status, its own seal and accounts.
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The psychiatrically forensic
medicine expertise centers are set up under decisions of the provincial-level
People's Committee presidents at the proposals of the directors of the
provincial/municipal Services of Justice, after reaching agreement with the
directors of the provincial/municipal Health Services, which are attached to
the provincial/municipal Health Services.
The psychiatrically forensic
expertise centers are non-business units with revenues, have the legal person
status, their own seals and accounts.
In provinces and centrally-run
cities where there are no provincial-level psychiatric hospitals, the Centers
for Social Disease Prevention and Combat or the Psychiatric Departments of the
provincial-level general hospitals shall perform psychiatrically forensic
medicine expertise when so requested.
3. Hospitals attached to the
Defense Ministry and military zone-level hospitals are staffed with psychiatric
forensic experts.
Article
21.- Criminological expertise organizations
1. The Criminological Institute
under the Ministry of Public Security.
2. The Criminological Technique
Sections under the Police Departments of the provinces or centrally-run cities.
3. Criminological technique
organizations under the Defense Ministry.
Article
22.- Functions, tasks and organizational structures of judicial expertise
organizations
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Article
23.- Ensuring material foundations for judicial expertise activities
1. Funding, equipment and facilities,
means and other necessary material conditions for operation of judicial
expertise organizations shall be provided by the State budget according to law
provisions.
2. The professional
organizations have the responsibility to create conditions for judicial
expertise performers to use their equipment, facilities and means for the
performance of judicial expertise.
Chapter IV
JUDICIAL EXPERTISE ACTIVITIES
Article
24.- Solicitation of judicial expertise
1. Judicial expertise solicitors
may solicit the following individuals, organizations:
a) The judicial expertise
performers defined in Article 7 of this Ordinance;
b) The judicial expertise
organizations defined in Chapter III of this Ordinance;
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2. In cases where the
professional capabilities, the conditions on expertise equipment, facilities
and means of the domestic judicial expertise organizations, professional
organizations and judicial expertise performers fail to meet the expertise
requirements, the subordinate procedure-conducting agencies shall propose their
central-level procedure-conducting agencies to solicit foreign expertise
individuals or organizations. The solicitation of foreign expertise individuals
and organizations shall be effected through the Justice Ministry.
Article
25.- Rights of judicial expertise solicitors
1. To solicit organizations or
individuals for performance of expertise.
2. To request organizations or
individuals solicited for expertise to return the expertising conclusions
strictly according to the requested contents and time limit.
3. To request judicial expertise
performers to explain the expertising conclusions.
4. Other rights prescribed by
procedural legislation.
Article
26.- Obligations of expertise solicitors
1. To solicit expertise in
writing.
2. To supply information and/or
documents related to expertised objects at the requests of judicial expertise
performers.
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4. Other obligations prescribed
by procedural legislation.
Article
27.- Written solicitation of expertise
1. A written expertise
solicitation shall include the following principal contents:
a) Name of the expertise -
soliciting organization; full name of the procedure-conducting person
soliciting the expertise;
b) Name of the solicited
organization; full name of the solicited individual;
c) Summary of matters related to
the to be-expertised object;
d) Origin and characteristics of
the expertised object;
e) Names of relevant documents
or accompanying comparative samples;
f) Contents requested for
expertise;
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2. Where additional expertise or
re-expertise is solicited, the written expertise solicitation must clearly
state that it is the additional expertise or re-expertise.
Article
28.- Acceptance of expertise solicitation
1. Judicial expertise
organizations, professional organizations, judicial expertise performers
managed by the provincial-level People's Committees shall have to accept and
perform the expertises solicited by procedure-conducting agencies,
procedure-conducting persons at the district, provincial or central level.
2. Judicial expertise
organizations, professional organizations, judicial expertise performers
managed by ministries, ministerial-level agencies or Government-attached
agencies shall have to accept and perform the expertises solicited by
procedure-conducting agencies, procedure-conducting persons at the central
level and complicated expertises solicited by procedure-conducting agencies or
persons at the district or provincial level.
3. Judicial expertise
organizations, professional organizations, judicial expertise performers must
refuse to take the expertise solicitations if they have not enough equipment,
facilities and means for expertise performance or the contents requested for
expertise do not fall in their respective professional field or fall beyond
their professional capability.
4. Basing himself/herself on the
provisions in Clauses 1, 2 and 3 of this Article, the Defense Minister shall
guide the acceptance of expertise solicitations by procedure-conducting
agencies in the army.
Article
29.- Delivery and receipt of expertised objects
1. Where the expertise
solicitation is accompanied with to be- expertised objects, the delivery and
receipt thereof must be effected with written records. A written record on
expertise object delivery and receipt shall include the following principal
contents:
a) Time and place for delivery
and receipt of to be- expertised object;
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c) Name of the expertised
object;
d) Method of preserving the
expertised objects upon the delivery and receipt thereof;
e) The conditions of the
expertised objects upon delivery and receipt;
f) Relevant documents or
objects;
g) Signatures of the deliverer
and the receiver.
2. The delivery and receipt of
expertised objects after the expertise is completed shall comply with the
Government's regulations.
Article
30.- Expertise performance
1. Where judicial expertise
organizations or professional organizations solicited for expertise, the heads
of such organizations shall appoint the judicial expertise performers and bear
responsibility for the appointment of such persons. The expertise performers
shall bear personal liability before law for the expertising conclusions.
2. Where individuals are
solicited for expertise performance, they shall accept and perform the
expertises. The heads of their managing organizations shall have to create
conditions for them to perform the expertises.
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1. Personal expertise means the
expertise performed by a person. Collective expertise means the expertise
performed by two or more persons.
2. In case of personal
expertise, the expertise performers shall perform the entire expertise and take
responsibility for their expertising conclusions.
3. In case of collective
expertise of a professional field, the expertise performers shall jointly
perform the expertise, sign the common written expertising conclusions and
jointly bear the responsibility for such expertising conclusions; in case of
divergent opinions, each expertise performer shall write his/her own conclusion
in the common written expertising conclusions and bear responsibility for such
opinion.
In case of collective expertise
of many different professional domains, each expertise performer shall perform
the expertise work falling under his/her own professional domain and bear
responsibility for his/her expertising conclusions.
Article
32.- Additional expertise
1. The additional expertise
shall be carried out in cases where the contents of the expertising conclusions
are unclear, inadequate or when arise new matters related to the details of the
cases with previous expertising conclusions.
2. The additional expertise can
be performed by the previous judicial expertise performer or other judicial
expertise performers.
Article
33.- Re-expertise
1. The re-expertise shall be
carried out at the requests of procedure-conducting agencies or persons in case
of doubt about the expertising results or contradiction between expertising
conclusions on the same expertised matters. The re-expertise may be carried out
by the previous or other expertise performers according to the provisions of
procedural legislation.
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3. Where the expertise councils
defined in Clause 2 of this Article has already performed the second
re-expertise, no more re-expertise shall be carried out, except for special
cases decided by the chairman of the Supreme People's Procuracy.
Article
34.- Written acknowledgement of expertising process
1. The expertise performers must
promptly, fully and truthfully acknowledge in writing the entire expertising
process.
2. The written acknowledgement
of the expertising process must be included in the expertise dossiers.
Article
35.- Expertising conclusions
1. The expertising conclusions
must be made in writing with the following principal contents:
a) Full name of the expertise
performer;
b) Name of the procedure-conducting
agency or full name of the procedure-conducting person that solicits the
expertise; the serial number of the written solicitation of expertise;
c) Time of receiving the written
solicitation of expertise;
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e) Expertising methods;
f) Conclusions on the expertised
objects;
g) Time and place of expertise
completion.
2. The written expertising
conclusions must be signed by the judicial expertise performers; in cases where
organizations are solicited for expertise, the expertising conclusions must
also be signed and stamped by the heads of such organizations.
3. In cases where the expertise
is carried out before the issuance of decision to institute a criminal case,
strictly according to the order and procedures prescribed by the procedural
legislation and this Ordinance, the procedure-conducting agency may not solicit
expertise any more but use the conclusions of such expertise as the judicial
expertise conclusions.
Article
36.- Expertise dossiers
1. The expertise dossiers shall
be compiled by the judicial expertise performers and comprise the following
documents:
a) Decisions to solicit
expertise;
b) Records on delivery and
receipt of expertised objects;
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d) The expertise photos;
e) The previous expertising
conclusions or results of expertise testing, experimentation performed by other
persons;
f) Other documents related to
the expertise;
g) Expertising conclusions.
2. The expertise dossiers shall
be archived for at least thirty years counting from the date of concluding the
expertise, except otherwise provided for by law.
The judicial expertise
organizations, the professional organizations shall have to preserve and archive
the dossiers on expertises conducted by the judicial expertise performers in
their organizations.
3. The expertise dossiers must
be presented at the requests of procedure-conducting organizations or persons,
that are handling the cases.
Article 37.-
Cases not entitled to conduct judicial expertises
Those who fall into one of the
following cases must not conduct judicial expertises:
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2. Being concurrently the
victim, civil plaintiff, civil defendant; persons with rights and interests
related to the cases; the lawful representatives, relatives of those persons or
defendants, the accused;
3. Being solicited for
re-expertise of the same contents in a case for which they already performed
the expertise, except otherwise provided for by law;
4. Having other clear grounds to
believe that such persons are not impartial in performing the expertise.
Chapter V
JUDICIAL EXPERTISE CHARGES
Article
38.- Judicial expertise charges
1. Organizations and individuals
performing judicial expertises are entitled to collect judicial expertise
charges.
2. Judicial expertise charge is
a sum of money paid as remuneration for judicial expertise and other necessary
expenses for expertise performance according to regulations of the Finance
Ministry.
Article
39.- Payment of judicial expertise charge
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2. For civil cases, administrative
cases, the judicial expertise charge shall be paid by the involved parties
according to the provisions of the civil procedure legislation and
administrative procedure legislation.
In cases where the involved
parties must pay the judicial expertise charge but are poor or policy
beneficiaries they can enjoy judicial charge exemption or reduction as provided
for by the Government.
Article
40.- Management and use of judicial expertise charges
Based on the legislation on
charges and fees, the Government shall specify the management and use of
judicial expertise charges by organizations and individuals performing the
judicial expertises.
Chapter VI
STATE MANAGEMENT OVER JUDICIAL EXPERTISE
Article
41.- Contents of State management over judicial expertise
1. Promulgating and guiding the
implementation of legal documents on judicial expertise.
2. Setting up judicial expertise
organizations.
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4. Formulating professional
standards on judicial expertise.
5. Providing professional
training, fostering and necessary legal knowledge for judicial experts.
6. Examining, inspecting,
settling complaints, denunciations and handling violations related to judicial
expertise.
7. Supplying operation funding
and means as well as material conditions for judicial expertise activities.
8. Entering into international
cooperation on judicial expertise.
Article
42.- Judicial expertise-State management agencies
1. The Government shall perform
the uniform State management over judicial expertise.
2. The Justice Ministry shall
bear responsibility before the Government for the performance of State
management over judicial expertise.
3. The Health Ministry, the
Ministry of Public Security, the Defense Ministry, other ministries,
ministerial-level agencies shall manage the organization and activities of
judicial expertises in the domains under their respective management.
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5. The provincial-level People's
Committees shall perform the State management over judicial expertises in their
respective localities according to the provisions of this Ordinance and other
relevant law provisions.
Article
43.- Tasks and powers of the Justice Ministry in the State management over
judicial expertise
1. To promulgate or draft and
submit to the competent State bodies for promulgation legal documents on
judicial expertise and guide the implementation thereof.
2. To grant and withdraw
judicial expert's cards; to make and publicize lists of judicial experts,
casual judicial expertise performers.
3. To promulgate and guide the
use of forms of judicial expertise documents.
4. To work out programs on
fostering necessary legal knowledge for judicial experts; to coordinate with
ministries, ministerial-level agencies, Government-attached agencies and
provincial-level People's Committees in organizing the fostering of
professional and legal knowledge for judicial experts.
5. To perform the State
management over international cooperation on judicial expertise.
6. To sum up and report to the
Prime Minister on judicial expertise organization and activities.
Article
44.- Tasks and powers of the Health Ministry, the Public Security Ministry,
the Defense Ministry, other ministries, ministerial-level agencies,
Government-attached agencies in managing judicial expertise organization and
activities in the domains under their respective management
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2. To appoint, relieve from duty
judicial experts according to competence; to make lists of casual judicial
expertise performers under their respective ministries' or branches' management.
3. To request the Justice
Minister to grant, withdraw judicial expert's cards according to competence.
4. To set professional standards
on judicial expertise.
5. To ensure operation funding
and means as well as other necessary material conditions for judicial expertise
activities.
6. To provide professional
training and necessary legal knowledge for judicial experts.
7. To examine, inspect and
settle complaints, denunciation against judicial expertise organization and
activities according to competence.
8. To sum up and report to the
Government on judicial expertise organization and activities.
9. To enter into international
cooperation on judicial expertise in the domains under their respective
management.
Article
45.- Tasks and powers of the provincial-level People's Committees in State
management over judicial expertise
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2. To appoint, relieve from duty
judicial experts according to competence; to make lists of casual judicial
expertise performers in localities.
3. To request the Justice
Minister to grant, withdraw judicial expert's cards according to competence.
4. To ensure operation funding
and means as well as other necessary material conditions for judicial expertise
activities in localities.
5. To provide professional
training and necessary legal knowledge for judicial experts in localities.
6. To examine, inspect and
settle complaints, denunciations related to judicial expertise according to
competence.
7. To sum up and report to the
Justice Ministry judicial expertise organization and activities in localities.
Article
46.- Complaints, denunciations
1. Organizations and individuals
are entitled to complain about administrative decisions, administrative acts of
State administrative bodies, of competent persons in State administrative
agencies in the field of judicial expertise when there are grounds to believe
that such administrative decisions or acts are illegal, infringing upon their
legitimate rights and interests.
The settlement of complaints
about judicial expertise prescribed in this Clause shall comply with the
provisions of the legislation on complaints and denunciations.
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In cases where the requesters
disagree with the refusal to solicit re-expertises by the investigating
agencies, they may complain with the procuracies of the same level. Within
fifteen days counting from the date of receiving the complaints, the
procuracies of the same level must consider and settle them. The
complaint-settling decisions of the procuracies of the same level shall be the
final ones.
In cases where the requesters
disagree with the procuracies' or courts' refusal to solicit re-expertise, they
shall be entitled to complain with the immediate superior procuracies or
immediate superior courts. Within fifteen days as from the date of receiving
the complaints, the procuracies or courts must consider and settle them. The complaint-settling
decisions of the superior procuracies or superior courts shall be the final
ones.
3. Individuals shall have the
right to denounce to competent State bodies acts of violating the provisions of
this Ordinance by judicial expertise performers.
The settlement of denunciations
shall comply with law provisions on complaints and denunciations.
Chapter
VII
IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS
Article
47.- Implementation effect
This Ordinance takes
implementation effect as from January 1, 2005.
Decree No. 117/HDBT of July 21,
1988 of the Council of Ministers on judicial expertise shall cease to be
effective as from the date this Ordinance takes implementation effect.
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The Government shall detail and
guide the implementation of this Ordinance.
ON BEHALF OF THE
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY STANDING COMMITTEE
CHAIRMAN
Nguyen Van An