THE
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
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|
SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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|
No.
5292/QD-BYT
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Hanoi,
November 24, 2017
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DECISION
PROMULGATING A PILOT PLAN FOR ASSAYS TO ESTIMATE HIV
INCIDENCE IN CERTAIN PROVINCES AND CITIES IN VIETNAM"
THE MINISTER OF HEALTH
Pursuant to the Government's
Decree No. 75/2017/ND-CP dated June 20, 2017 on functions, tasks, power and
organizational structure of the Ministry of Health;
At the request of Director of
Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control,
HEREBY DECIDES:
Article 1.
To issue a pilot plan for assays to estimate HIV
incidence in certain provinces and cities in Vietnam together with this
document.
Article 2.
This document enters into force upon signing or
issuance.
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PP.
MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Nguyen Thanh Long
PILOT PLAN
FOR ASSAYS TO ESTIMATE HIV INCIDENCE IN CERTAIN PROVINCES
AND CITIES IN VIETNAM
(Issued together with Decision No. 5292/QD-BYT dated November 24, 2017 of
the Minister of Health)
Part I
BASES FOR ESTABLISHMENT
OF MODEL
I. Development
of HIV/AIDS pandemic, HIV surveillance and testing in Vietnam
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Sentinel surveillance has been
conducted in Vietnam since 2000 in 20 provinces and cities (hereinafter
referred to as provinces) on people who inject drugs, sex workers and
homosexual contact populations. The strategy II has been used with 2 test kits
with different principles and preparation of antigens, and only HIV prevalence
in key risk populations has been possibly estimated. Currently, HIV sentinel surveillance
plus behavior component (HSS+) is being held in 20 provinces and HIV sentinel
surveillance plus active surveillance that gives testing results to patients is
also held in 20 provinces. Active surveillance has been early carried out since
1986 in 63 provinces. The Strategy III has been used with 3 test kits with
different principle and preparation of antigens to estimate HIV infections.
Nevertheless, the active surveillance and sentinel surveillance only use test
kits that could detect antibodies but not HIV incidence in Vietnam.
HIV testing algorithms have been
studied and developed since 2011 and recommended with 12 test kits of rapid
tests, rapid tests and ELISAs, and particle agglutination tests since 2014 and
updated in 2015. However, these algorithms cannot determine the HIV incidence
in patients infected with HIV.
The HIV incidence in Vietnam has
just been estimated using cohort studies so far; no assay is used to estimate
HIV incidence on a trial basis. The HIV
incidence is considered crucial and preferred to determine preventive
treatments as deemed appropriate; detect variations and trends of patterns of
HIV infection; propose effective interventions in key risk populations; and
verify if these interventions are effective.
II. Assays to estimate
HIV incidence
1. The BED capture enzyme
immunoassay (BED-CEIA)
BED-CEIA is a test that determines
the stage of HIV infection of a person by identifying the presence of certain
biomarkers in his/her serum or plasma. BED-CEIA uses a 3-branched specific
peptide containing the gp41 sequences from HIV-1 subtypes. The peptide for
subtypes is thereafter used to measure the increasing proportion of anti-HIV-1
specific IgG to total IgG after seroconversion. The increasing proportion of
anti-HIV-1 specific IgG to total IgG by progression of HIV stage entitles the
estimation of stage of HIV infection.
However, in cross-sectional
studies, BED-CEIA reveals its weakness in high estimates of HIV-1 incidence due
to misclassifying certain prevalence cases (prevalence means infection ≥ 1
year) as incidence cases. The prevalence misclassified as incidence is called
false recent rate (FRR). FRR has been applied to BED-CEIA in Vietnam since
2012.
2. rIDR-M Limiting Antigen
Avidity Enzyme Immunoassay (LAg-Avidity)
LAg-Avidity is an avidity-based
assay developed by the CDC of USA. This assay uses a recombinant protein for
multiple subtypes (rIDR-M) that covered 3 sequences from the immunodominant
region (rIDR) of gp41 from all major subtypes and recombinants of HIV-1 from A to
E (group M). Recent researches show that this new assay entitles the
distinction between incidence and prevalence.
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FRR has been verified in Lag
avidity in Vietnam since 2012.
3. Rapid HIV-1
incidence-prevalence (I-P) test (Rapid I-P test)
Asanté™ HIV-1 Rapid
Recency™ Assay is a rapid blood test version in the same manner with
Sedia™ HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA that estimates HIV infection or stages of HIV
infection (under 6 months or above 6 months). Up to now,
Asanté™ HIV-1 Rapid Recency™ Assay has been used in USA in study
programs and sentinel surveillance.
With the assistance of PEPFAR,
Asanté™ HIV-1 Rapid Recency™ Assay has been used for diagnosis
procedures in 10 countries in Africa to estimate incidence of pregnant woman
under 25 years of age at all HIV/AIDS health facilities funded by PEPFAR with
the purpose of including the HIV incidence estimate in the regular
pregnancy-testing program.
The Asanté ™ Rapid HIV-1 Assay was
developed in 2016. This test gives short-term results within 20 to 45 minutes.
This test may distinguish between recent HIV infection (within 6 months) and
long-term HIV infection. According to the immunoassay in the same manner with
Lag-avidity, HIV Asanté™ Rapid HIV-1 assay uses recombinant antigen HIV-1
(rIDR-M) for incidence region and gp41 and gp36 antigen for prevalence region.
Interpretation of results: A sample
is negative when only the control line appears on the test strip. A sample is
considered a recent infection when the incidence line is visible, but the
prevalence line is not visible. A sample is considered a long-term
infection (longer than 6 months) when both incidence line and prevalence line
are visible.
Assays to estimate HIV incidence
contribute to decreased transmission of HIV in key risk populations. The
initiation of these assays in sentinel surveillance helps to estimate the trend
of HIV incidence in Vietnam.
III. Bases for
plan
- National HIV/AIDS control
strategy by 2020, with a vision to 2030
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- The Government's Decree No.
75/2016/ND-CP dated July 1, 2016 on conditions for HIV testing.
- Circular No. 09/2012/TT-BYT dated
May 24, 2012 on guidelines for surveillance of HIV/AIDS epidemiology and
surveillance of sexually transmitted diseases.
Part II
MAIN CONTENTS
I. Objectives:
1. General objectives: Study the
application of HIV incidence test kits in Vietnam.
2. Specific objectives:
- Evaluate characteristics of HIV
incidence test kits in the pilot stage in certain provinces of Vietnam.
- Identify HIV incidence rates in
groups of HIV-positive people in 6 provinces.
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- Verify if HIV incidence assays
initiated on a trial basis in the system of surveillance of HIV epidemiology in
Vietnam is feasible.
II. Time for
performance: 2017-2019
II.
Administrative division for trial performance: 6 provinces below:
Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Dien Bien, Son La.
III. Expected
indicators:
- Sensitivity and specificity of
test kits equivalent to HIV strains in Vietnam.
- HIV incidence rates among group
of HIV surveillance.
- Feasibility rates in terms of
provision, storage, use, and costs.
- The consent of research
participants.
IV. Activities
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- Formulate process and outline of
evaluating quality of test kits.
- Use the source of samples kept at
National Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology and Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi
Minh City to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and incidence detection of
test kits.
- Evaluate capacity of HIV
incidence test kits on remaining HIV samples, status of which are known, from
the study of evaluating national HIV testing algorithms.
- Sample size: 20 seroconversion
samples intended for identifying the sensitivity and specificity in patients
infected with HIV recently; 200 HIV positive samples; and 200 HIV negative
samples.
- HIV positive and negative samples
are chosen to evaluate the quality of assays as recommended by WHO (CDC/WHO
2002). Referring to the recommendation, the sample size is calculated with the
hypothese that the sensitivity and specificity is 98% to get the confidence
interval of 95% and fluctuation of ± 2%. In this research, the characteristics
of the serum/plasma sample have been known from the previous studies, namely
studies to evaluate Lag, BED, or algorithm.
- Collect and analyze test kit
quality evaluation report.
- Publish the test kit quality
evaluation report at the HIV national reference laboratory.
2. Estimate HIV incidence rates in
groups of HIV-positive people in 6 provinces: Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Dien
Bien, Son La, Thanh Hoa and Nghe An.
- Formulate and approve the scientific
research outline determining the incidence distribution among HIV-positive
people.
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√ Rules: The sample which is
known positive with HIV by the third algorithm will be thereafter checked by
the fourth algorithm to determine whether it is recent infection (within 6
months) or long-term infection.
√ Provide training in procedures
for taking samples, testing, counseling, and reporting data for respective
health workers in charge working for research participants;
√ Aggregate and analyze data of HIV
incidence to give new and effective interventions to access key risk
populations, in particular: providing patients with antiretroviral (ARV) care
and treatment as soon as practicable after detection, giving tests to sexual
partners, giving PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) to opposite-sex partners.
√ Report and analyze data in the
pilot stage in 6 provinces to determine the feasibility of HIV incidence assays
in diagnosis of HIV infection.
- Hold a seminar to publish
research findings in the pilot stage.
3. Determine HIV incidence test
kits in the sentinel surveillance program in 20 provinces participating in
HSS/HSS+.
- Formulate and approve the
scientific research outline determining the incidence sentinel surveillance
groups in 20 provinces.
- Formulate the initiation process.
- Initiate HIV incidence assays in
sentinel surveillance groups in 20 provinces;
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√ Supervise and provide technical
assistance for HIV incidence assays in sentinel surveillance HSS/HSS+.
√ Report and analyze data in the
technical stage in the sentinel surveillance to determine the feasibility when
applying the HIV incidence assays in regular surveillance.
- Hold a seminar to publish
research findings in the pilot stage.
4. Verify if HIV incidence test
kits used in the system of surveillance of HIV epidemiology in Vietnam are
feasible.
5. Apply the HIV incidence results
in the preventive, surveillance, and evaluation program.
- Analyze characteristics in terms
of anthropology, geography, society and risks of HIV incidence cases.
- Identify priority interventions,
including priority and specific objectives focusing on preventive messages,
testing services and access.
V. Action plan
No.
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Implemented
by
Cooperated
by
Time
1
Formulate and submit the trial
plan for approval
Vietnam Administration of
HIV/AIDS Control
National Institute for Hygiene
and Epidemiology
Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh
City
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Reach a consensus on certain
matters with the provinces and certain partners
Vietnam Administration of
HIV/AIDS Control
National Institute for Hygiene
and Epidemiology
Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh
City
Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang
Central Highland Institute of
Hygiene and Epidemiology
CDC
10-12/2017
3
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National Institute for Hygiene
and Epidemiology
Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh
City
Vietnam Administration of
HIV/AIDS Control
CDC
- Formulate and submit research
outline for approval.
October
2017
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November
– December 2017
- Report and publish the evaluation
of characteristics of assays
December
2017
4
Determine HIV incidence rates in
groups of HIV-positive people in 6 provinces
Vietnam Administration of
HIV/AIDS Control, National Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology
Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh
City
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Research participants
- Train experiment workers
January
– March 2018
- Distribute test kits and
consumables
March
– May 2018
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June
- December 2018
5
Determine HIV incidence test kits
in the sentinel surveillance program in 20 provinces participating in
HSS/HSS+.
Vietnam Administration of
HIV/AIDS Control
National Institute for Hygiene
and Epidemiology
Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang
Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh
City
Central Highland Institute of
Hygiene and Epidemiology, HIV/AIDS control standing units of provinces
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- Formulate the process and
training for participants of sentinel surveillance
- Evaluate the feasibility of
trial sentinel surveillance HSS/HSS+
- Apply to HIV incidence assays
in 20 provinces participating HSS/ HSS+
6
Verify if HIV incidence test kits
used in the system of surveillance of HIV epidemiology in Vietnam is
feasible.
Vietnam Administration of
HIV/AIDS Control
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Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang
Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh
City
Central Highland Institute of
Hygiene and Epidemiology, HIV/AIDS control standing units of provinces
January
– December 2018
7
Apply the HIV incidence results
in the preventive, surveillance, and evaluation program.
Vietnam Administration of
HIV/AIDS Control
National Institute for Hygiene
and Epidemiology
Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh
City
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Central Highland Institute of
Hygiene and Epidemiology
HIV/AIDS control standing units
of provinces
CDC
June
– December 2019
- Analyze characteristics in
terms of anthropology, geography, society and risks of HIV incidence cases.
- Identify priority
interventions.
VI. Funding
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- Population health target program
budget.
- Budget appropriated by PEPFAR via
VAAC – US.CDC projects and cooperation between relevant units.
- Other lawful budgets.
Part III.
IMPLEMENTATION
1. Vietnam Administration of
HIV/AIDS Control shall:
a) Manage and regulate the
initiation of assays to estimate HIV incidence on a trial basis in certain
provinces in Vietnam.
b) Aggregate, analyze, report and
publish research findings.
c) Apply research findings to draw
up guidelines for surveillance and prevention of HIV transmission in Vietnam.
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a) Initiate the research evaluating
quality of assays to estimate HIV incidence.
b) Formulate procedures, training,
and provide the technical assistance for provinces included in the pilot plan.
c) Report research data to Vietnam Administration
of HIV/AIDS Control affiliated to the Ministry of Health.
3. Departments of Health of
provinces shall:
a. Direct HIV/AIDS control standing
units and relevant units to implement these researches.
b. Inspect if trial implementation
of HIV incidence assays ensures quality accuracy, and promptness.
4. HIV/AIDS control standing units
of provinces shall carry out researches and report results thereof to Vietnam
Administration of HIV/AIDS Control affiliated to the Ministry of Health./.