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MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
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SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No. 33/2011/TT-BTNMT
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Hanoi, August 01, 2011
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CIRCULAR
ON SOIL MONITORING PROCEDURES
MINISTER OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND
ENVIRONMENT
Pursuant to the
Government's Decree No. 25/2008/NĐ-CP on March 04, 2008 on defining the
functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment, amended in the Government's Decree No.
19/2010/NĐ-CP dated March 08, 2010 and Decree No. 89/2010/NĐ-CP dated August
16, 2010;
Pursuant to the
Government's Decree No. 102/2008/NĐ-CP dated September 15, 2008 on collection,
management, and use of database about natural resources and environment;
Pursuant to the
Prime Minister’s Decision No. 16/2007/QĐ-TTg dated January 29, 2007 on approval
for Master Plan for national monitoring network for natural resources and
environment by 2020;
At the request of
Director of Vietnam Environment Administration, Director of Department of
Science and Technology, and Director of Legal Department,
HEREBY PRESCRIBES
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GENERAL
PROVISIONS
Article
1. Scope
This Circular provides
for soil monitoring procedures, including: determination of monitoring
purposes, monitoring program design, and monitoring program execution.
Article
2. Regulated entities
This Circular applies
to:
1. Central and local
environment authorities; environmental monitoring stations and centers of the
national environmental monitoring network and local environmental monitoring
networks;
2. The organizations
licensed or assigned to carry out environmental monitoring, provide
environmental monitoring services, and submit reports to central and local
environment authorities.
Article
3. Rules for applying cited standards and methods
1. The application of
standards and methods must comply with the monitoring, analysis methods and
standards mentioned in Chapter II of this Circular;
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Chapter
II
SOIL
MONITORING PROCEDURES
Article
4. Monitoring purposes
Basis purposes of soil
monitoring:
1. Assess the soil
condition;
2. Determine the
tendency and development, risk of pollution, soil degradation and soil
emergencies;
3.
Form a basis for introduction of policies, controlling pollution, making
planning, and use of land serving sustainable economic, social, and environmental
development;
4.
Satisfy other requirements for national, regional, and local environment
management.
Article
5. Designing monitoring program
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1. Type of monitoring
Depending
on the monitoring purposes, the program designer must determine whether the
monitoring is background monitoring or impact monitoring.
2. Monitoring location
and position
a)
To accurately determine the monitoring location and position, a prior site
survey must be carried out;
b) The monitoring
location and position depends on the general targets and condition of each
monitoring position;
c) The scale of the
soil monitoring position depends on the spatial, temporal sampling density, and
the type of soil. Monitoring positions are usually at the center and around the
border;
d) Soil monitoring
positions are usually selected under the rule of representativeness (terrain,
group of soil, purpose of soil, etc.) and must ensure the sustainability of the
monitoring positions;
dd) Soil monitoring
shall be carried out where the soil is under primary impact such as: area of
land at risk of mixed pollution (industrial waste, urban waste, lower sections
of urban streams); degraded land with low natural fertility; area of land
serving intensive agriculture; area of land facing salinization or
alkalinization; declined land facing degradation due to erosion, run-off;
desertification; some positions under the same conditions without impact shall
be selected for comparison and assessment.
3. Monitoring
parameters
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b) With regard to
background monitoring: the parameters selected must adequately reflect the
characteristics of the soil in terms of its condition, processes and factors
that affect such processes;
c) With regard to
impact monitoring: specific parameters vary on a case-by-case basis and are
indicating;
d) Parameters are
classified into two basic groups: slowly varying parameters and fast varying
parameters:
- Slowly varying
parameters include: composition, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon,
total nitrogen, total phosphate, total potassium;
- Fast varying
parameters include: exchangeable cation, dissolved ions, toxins, residue of
fertilizers, pesticides, etc.;
dd) Soil monitoring
parameters shall be selected according to the purposes of the monitoring
program. If the soil monitoring is carried out for the first time, it is
necessary to analyze or common physical, chemical, and biological properties of
the soil.
e) General parameters
include:
- Physical parameters
+ Composition;
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+ Moisture (maximum
moisture absorption capacity, witting point);
+ Porosity, tightness,
wet density, density;
+ Permeability and
water permeability.
- Chemical parameters
+ pH (H2O,
KCl);
+ Reduction potential
(Eh or ORP);
+ Total N, P, K;
+ Organic substances;
+ Digestible
phosphate, digestible potassium;
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+ Cation-exchange
capacity;
+ Base saturation;
(BS% = (Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+ + Na+) x
100/CEC);
+ Electrical
conductance, total soluble salt;
+ HCO3-
(only applied to saline soil);
+ Anion (Cl‑,
SO42- );
+ Exchangeable Sodium
Percentage (ESP = %Na x 100/CEC);
+ Sodium adsorption
ratio; (SAR=1,41Na/(Ca+Mg)0,5);
+ NH4+,
NO3-;
+ Heavy metals: Cu,
Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Hg, Cr;
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- Biological
parameters
+ Total microorganisms
in soil;
+ Bacteria;
+ Fungi;
+ Earthworms.
Apart
from the aforementioned parameters, additional parameters may be used to serve
the research as recommended by experts.
4. Monitoring duration
and frequency
Monitoring duration
and frequency shall be determined as follows:
a)
The soil monitoring duration must suit the purposes of monitoring, type of
monitoring, and ensure that the soil monitoring is not obstructed by external
factors;
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-
For slowly varying parameters: at least once every 3 – 5 years;
- For fast varying
parameters: at least once every year.
5. Monitoring planning
Based on the
monitoring program, the monitoring planning plan includes:
a) List of personnel
and their tasks;
b) List of
organizations and individuals that participate, cooperate in environmental
monitoring (if any);
c) List of equipment,
instruments, chemicals used at the site and in the laboratory;
d) Protective
equipment serving environmental monitoring;
dd) Types of samples,
volumes of samples, and duration of sample retention;
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g) Funding for
environmental monitoring;
h) Plan for assurance
and control of environmental monitoring quality.
Article
6. Executing monitoring program
A monitoring program
consists of the following tasks:
1. Preparation before
going to the site
The
following preparation tasks must be done before monitoring:
a) Prepare documents,
maps, diagrams, and general information about the sampled area;
b) Monitor the climate
and weather developments;
c) Prepare necessary
tools and instruments; check, clean, and calibrate the instruments for
sampling, measuring, and testing before going to the site;
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dd) Prepare sample
labels, forms, monitoring and analysis logs as prescribed;
e) Prepare instruments
for taking and transporting samples;
g) Prepare protective
equipment;
g) Prepare funding and
personnel for monitoring;
i) Prepare
accommodation for those who work for many days;
k) Prepare relevant
documents and forms;
2. On-site sampling
and measurement
a) Soil sampling
Soil sampling methods
must comply with applicable standards listed in Table 1:
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No.
Soil sampling method
Number
1
Soil quality --
Vocabulary -- Part 2: Terms and definitions relating to sampling
• TCVN 6495-2:2001
(ISO
11074-2:1998)
2
Soil quality –
Sampling – General requirements
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3
Soil quality –
Sampling – Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques
• TCVN 7538-2:2005
(ISO
10381-2:2002)
4
Soil quality -
Simplified soil description
• TCVN 6857:2001
(ISO
11259:1998)
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• TCVN 4046:1985
- At a monitoring
position: take 01 primary sample and 04 secondary samples around the monitoring
position (in the same plot of field or area that is considered consistent):
+ Primary sample: take
soil profiles at 02 layers of soil (depending on the form of the profile, the
depth may be up to 30 cm for the topsoil and 30 – 60 cm for the next layer) of
05 mixed samples;
+ Secondary samples
taken at the topsoil may reach up to 30 cm of the mixed sample.
- With regard to soil
profiles: soil sampling and description according to soil profiles (including
the description and determination of soil name) have to be carried out by
experts in soil science. The depth of the sampled layer varies according to the
type of soil;
- In the area of
degraded land, samples shall be taken at the depth of 0 – 15 cm of the topsoil
and 15 – 40 cm at the second layer depending on the time of monitoring;
- With regard to
alkali soil, saline soil, or soil contaminated with heavy metals, soil samples
shall be taken by the depth of the soil profile for assessment and comparison.
The depth of sampling according to soil profile shall vary from 0 to 15 cm
depending on the monitoring purposes. The quantity of sampling layers depends
on the stratification of the whole soil profile. 4 -5 layers of the same soil
profile may be sampled;
- At least 500 g of
soil shall be sampled for physical and chemical analysis. The weight of any
sample used for comparison or retention in the soil sample bank must exceed
2000 g;
- When sampling soil
that contains large materials (gravel, organic bodies, etc.) because of
inconsistency of soil or the particles are too big, the discarded materials
must be described, weighed or estimated, and recorded to evaluate the relation
of the analysis result and the composition of the original sample.
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- On-site measurement:
Eh or ORP, EC, pH, salinity, etc. must be directly measured at the site
according to requirements of each monitoring purposes. The measurement procedures
are similar to those in the laboratory;
- Taking samples for
on-site measurements is similar to taking samples for laboratory analysis
according to applicable standards mentioned in Table 1.
c)
Quality assurance and control tasks at the site shall comply with regulations
environmental monitoring quality assurance and control of the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment.
3.
Preserving and transporting soil samples
a)
Samples shall be stored in dedicated sample containers or clean plastic bags; sample
labels must be stored in plastic bags so that
the text is not smeared by water; the bags shall be tied with rubber bands,
stored in the sample box, and transported to the laboratory with suitable means
of transport;
b)
Fresh samples serving analysis of biological parameters must be preserved under
separate procedures. Soil samples must be put in cold storage at 2 – 5 oC and
avoid contact with air. Soil samples taken shall be transported to the
laboratory for analysis as soon as possible.
4.
Analysis in laboratory
a)
Depending on the capacity of the laboratory, the parameters must be analyzed in
accordance with one of the methods mentioned
in Table 2:
Table 2: Method for
analysis of parameters in laboratory
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Parameter
Number of standard/method
1
Composition
• Robinson tube
method
2
Density
• Pyknometer method
3
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• Metal cylindrical
pipe method
4
pHH2O
• TCVN 5979:2007
(ISO 10390:2005);
• TCVN 4402:1987
5
pHKCl
• TCVN 5979:2007
(ISO 10390:2005);
• TCVN 4401:1987
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EC
• TCVN 6650:2000
(ISO 11265:1994)
7
Total soluble salt
• ISO 11265:1994
8
Cl‑
• Electrode or
titration
9
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• TCVN 6656:2000
(ISO 11048:1995);
10
N-NH4+
• TCVN 6643:2000
11
N-NO3-
• TCVN 6643:2000
12
Total N
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13
Total K
• TCVN 8660:2011
14
Digestible nitrogen
• TCVN 5255:2009
15
Digestible P
• TCVN 8661:2011
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Digestible K
• TCVN 8662:2011
17
Organic carbon
• TCVN 6642:2000;
• TCVN 6644:2000
18
Total exchangeable
base
• TCVN 4621:2009
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CEC
• BS ISO 23470:2007;
• ISO 11260:1994
20
Exchangeable acidity
(exchangeable H+)
• TCVN 4403:2011
21
Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb,
Ni, Mn
• TCVN 6496:2009
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As
• BS ISO 20280:2007
23
Metal
• TCVN 8246:2009
(EPA Method 7000B)
24
Residue of
pesticides
• TCVN 6132:1996;
• TCVN 6134:2009;
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• TCVN 8061:2009
(ISO 10382:2002)
25
Bacteria
• Most probable
number (MPN)
26
Fungi
• Most probable
number (MPN)
27
Actinobacteria
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b) If national
standards for determination of the parameters mentioned in Table 2 are not
available, corresponding international standards in Table 2 or other international
standards with equal or higher accuracy shall be applied;
c) Quality assurance
and control tasks in the laboratory shall comply with regulations environmental
monitoring quality assurance and control of the Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment.
5. Processing data and
reporting
a) Processing data
- Data check: check
the rationality of the environment analysis and monitoring data. Data shall be
checked according to documents of the samples (sampling record, on-site
sampling logs, sample delivery note, on-site measurement/analysis result note,
laboratory analysis result sheet, etc.), data of QC samples (blank samples,
repeated samples, standard samples, etc.);
- Statistical
processing: according to the quantity of samples and the report, various
methods and software programs may be used for statistical processing as long as
the essential description (minimum value, maximum value, mean value, number
exceeding standards, etc); must be available;
- Comments on the
data: the comments must be given according to monitoring and analysis results
that have been processed and verified, relevant technical regulations and
standards.
b) Reporting
After the monitoring
program is completed, a monitoring result report shall be made and send to a
competent authority as prescribed.
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IMPLEMENTATION
Article
7. Implementation
1. Vietnam Environment
Administration are responsible for providing guidance, inspect, and supervise
the implementation of this Circular.
2. Ministers, Heads of
ministerial agencies, Heads of Governmental agencies, Presidents of the
People’s Committees, relevant organizations and individuals are responsible for
the implementation of this Circular.
Article
8. Effect
1. This Circular takes
effect on September 15, 2011.
2. Difficulties that
arise during the implementation of this Circular should be reported to the
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (via Vietnam Environment
Administration) for timely consideration./.
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