THE MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
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THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No. 05/2025/TT-BTNMT
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Hanoi, February 28, 2025
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CIRCULAR
PROMULGATING NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON DOMESTIC
AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
Pursuant to the Law on
Standards and Technical Regulations dated June 29, 2006;
Pursuant to the Law on
Environmental Protection dated November 17, 2020;
Pursuant to the
Government’s Decree No. 08/2022/ND-CP dated January 10, 2022 on elaboration of
several Articles of the Law on Environmental Protection and Government’s Decree
No. 05/2025/ND-CP dated January 06, 2025 on amendments to certain Articles of
the Government’s Decree No. 08/2022/ND-CP dated January 10, 2022 on
elaboration of several Articles of the Law on Environmental Protection;
Pursuant to the
Government’s Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 01, 2007 elaborating some
Articles of the Law Standards and Technical Regulations and Government Decree
No. 78/2018/ND-CP dated May 16, 2018 on amendments to certain Articles of the
Government’s Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 01, 2007 elaborating some
Articles of the Law Standards and Technical Regulations;
Pursuant to the
Government’s Decree No. 68/2022/ND-CP dated September 22, 2022 defining the
functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment;
At the request of the
Director General of the Pollution Control Department, the Director General of
the Department of Science and Technology;
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Article
1. Promulgated together with this Circular is the National technical
regulation on domestic and municipal wastewater (QCVN 14:2025/BTNMT).
Article
2. Effect
1. This Circular comes
into force from September 01, 2025.
2. QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National
technical regulation on domestic wastewater (promulgated together with the
Decision No. 16/2008/QD-BTNMT dated December 31, 2008 of the Minister of
Natural Resources and Environment promulgating National technical regulations
on environment) shall cease to have effect in accordance with the transitional
clauses specified in Article 3 and the roadmap for application specified in
Article 4 of this Circular.
3. From the effective
date of this Circular, in case a wastewater discharge zone has yet to be
determined, Column B specified in Table 1 and Table 2 of QCVN 14:2025/BTNMT
shall apply.
Article
3. Transitional clauses
1. Any establishment
which has been put into operation or any investment project which has been
issued with the decision on approval of result of environmental impact
assessment report appraisal or of which a sufficient and valid application for
appraisal of environmental impact assessment report, issuance of environmental
license or environmental registration has been received by the competent
authority before the effective date of this Circular may continue to apply QCVN
14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater, QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial wastewater and
regulations of the local government (including local environmental technical
regulation on wastewater) until December 31, 2031.
2. In case a competent
authority promulgates regulations on change of functions of receiving water
bodies, the entities specified in clause 1 of this Article shall follow the
roadmap prescribed by the competent authority upon promulgating the
abovementioned regulations.
Article
4. Roadmap for application
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2. As of January 01,
2032, the entities specified in clause 1 Article 3 of this Circular shall
comply with the requirements specified under QCVN 14:2025/BTNMT.
3. The entities specified
in clause 1 Article 3 of this Circular are encouraged to apply the regulations
set out under QCVN 14:2025/BTNMT from the effective date of this Circular.
Article
5. Organizing implementation
1. Ministries,
ministerial agencies, People’s Committees at all levels, Departments of Natural
Resources and Environment of provinces and central-affiliated cities, and
organizations and individuals concerned are responsible for the implementation
of this Circular.
2. Difficulties that
arise during the implementation of this Circular should be promptly reported in
writing to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for consideration
and resolution./.
PP. THE MINISTER
THE DEPUTY MINISTER
Le Cong Thanh
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NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION
ON DOMESTIC AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
Foreword
QCVN 14:2025/BTNMT is developed by the Pollution Control Department, submitted
by the Department of Science and Technology for approval; appraised by the
Ministry of Science and Technology, and promulgated by the Minister of Natural
Resources and Environment together with the Circular No. ……/2025/TT-BTNMT dated
… (dd) … (mm), 2025.
QCVN 14:2025/BTNMT supersedes QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT – National technical
regulation on domestic wastewater.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON DOMESTIC AND MUNICIPAL
WASTEWATER
1. GENERAL
1.1. Scope
This Regulation provides
for permissible limit values of pollution parameters in domestic and municipal
wastewater when discharged into water receiving bodies.
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1.2.1. This Regulation
applies to regulatory agencies, organizations and individuals (hereinafter
referred to as “organizations and individuals”) related to the discharge of
domestic and municipal wastewater into water receiving bodies.
1.2.2. This Regulation
does not apply to entities entitled to use situ waste treatment works as per
the law on environmental protection.
1.3. Definitions
For the purposes of this
Regulation, the terms below shall be construed as follows:
1.3.1. Domestic wastewater
means wastewater generated from human activities, including eating,
drinking, bathing, laundry and personal hygiene. Wastewater generated from
investment projects and business and service establishments specified in the
Appendix 1 to this Regulation shall be managed in the same manner as domestic
wastewater prescribed in this Regulation.
1.3.2. Municipal
wastewater means wastewater generated from urban areas and high density
residential areas.
1.3.3. Column A,
Column B, Column C (wastewater discharge zones) in Table 1 and Table 2 of
this Regulation are prescribed as follows:
1.3.3.1. Column A specifies
permissible limit values of pollution parameters in wastewater when
discharged into water receiving bodies having the function of supplying water
for domestic purposes or for the purpose of managing and improving water
quality to satisfy the requirements of Level A in Table 2 and Table 3 QCVN
08:2023/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality or
regulations of provincial People's Committees.
1.3.3.2. Column B
specifies permissible limit values of pollution parameters in wastewater when
discharged into water receiving bodies with the aim of managing and improving
water quality to satisfy the requirements of Level B in Table 2 and Table 3
QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality or
regulations of provincial People's Committees.
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2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1.
Permissible limit values of pollution parameters in municipal wastewater
According to the
regulations in 1.3.3 of this Regulation and discharge flow, permissible limit
values of pollution parameters in municipal wastewater when discharged into
water receiving bodies are specified in Table 1.
Table 1. Permissible limit values of pollution parameters
in municipal wastewater
No.
Pollution parameter
Unit
Discharge flow (F, m3/day)
F ≤ 2 000
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F > 20 000
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
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1
pH
-
6 - 9
6 - 9
6 - 9
6 - 9
6 - 9
6 - 9
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6 - 9
6 - 9
2
Biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD5 at 20oC)
mg/L
≤ 30
≤ 40
≤ 50
≤ 25
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≤ 35
≤ 20
≤ 25
≤ 30
3
Chemical
oxygen demand (COD)
mg/L
≤ 80
≤ 90
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≤ 60
≤ 80
≤ 90
≤ 50
≤ 60
≤ 80
or
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
mg/L
≤ 40
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≤ 55
≤ 30
≤ 40
≤ 45
≤ 25
≤ 30
≤ 40
4
Total
Suspended Solids (TSS)
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≤ 50
≤ 60
≤ 70
≤ 40
≤ 50
≤ 60
≤ 30
≤ 40
≤ 50
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Ammonium
(N- NH4+), expressed as N
mg/L
≤ 4,0
≤ 8,0
≤ 10
≤ 4,0
≤ 8,0
≤ 10
≤ 4,0
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≤ 8,0
6
Total
Nitrogen (T-N)
mg/L
≤ 25
≤ 30
≤ 30
≤ 25
≤ 30
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≤ 20
≤ 25
≤ 25
7
Total
Phosphorus (T-P)
mg/L
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Receiving
bodies being lakes, ponds, lagoons (collectively called as “lakes”)
≤ 2,0
≤ 2,5
≤ 3,0
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≤ 2,5
≤ 3,0
≤ 1,5
≤ 2,5
≤ 3,0
Other
receiving bodies (including rivers, streams, creeks, canals, ditches
(collectively called as “rivers”), seawater areas)
≤ 4,0
≤ 6,0
≤ 10
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≤ 5,0
≤ 7,0
≤ 2,0
≤ 4,0
≤ 6,0
8
Total
Coliforms
MPN or CFU/100 mL
≤ 3 000
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≤ 5 000
≤ 3 000
≤ 5 000
≤ 5 000
≤ 3 000
≤ 5 000
≤ 5 000
9
Sulfide
(S2-)
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≤ 0,2
≤ 0,5
≤ 0,5
≤ 0,2
≤ 0,5
≤ 0,5
≤ 0,2
≤ 0,5
≤ 0,5
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Animal and
vegetable oils and fats
mg/L
≤ 10
≤ 15
≤ 20
≤ 5,0
≤ 15
≤ 20
≤ 5,0
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≤ 15
11
Anionic
surfactants
mg/L
≤ 3,0
≤ 5,0
≤ 10
≤ 3,0
≤ 5,0
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≤ 3,0
≤ 5,0
≤ 5,0
Notes:
Organizations and
individuals may choose to apply TOC or COD.
2.2.
Permissible limit values of pollution parameters in domestic wastewater of
investment projects and establishments
According to the
regulations in 1.3.3 of this Regulation and discharge flow, permissible limit
values of pollution parameters in domestic wastewater when discharged into
water receiving bodies are specified in Table 2.
Table 2. Permissible limit values of pollution parameters
in domestic wastewater of investment projects and establishments
No.
Pollution parameter
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A
B
C
1
pH
-
5 - 9
5 - 9
5 - 9
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Biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD5 at 20oC)
mg/L
≤ 30
≤ 35
≤ 40
3
Chemical oxygen demand
(COD)
mg/L
≤ 80
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≤ 100
or Total Organic Carbon
(TOC)
mg/L
≤ 40
≤ 45
≤ 50
4
Total Suspended Solids
(TSS)
mg/L
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≤ 60
≤ 70
5
Ammonium (N- NH4+),
expressed as N
mg/L
≤ 6,0
≤ 8,0
≤ 10
6
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mg/L
≤ 25
≤ 30
≤ 40
7
Total Phosphorus (T-P)
mg/L
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Receiving bodies being
lakes
≤ 2,0
≤ 2,5
≤ 3,0
Other
receiving bodies
≤ 4,0
≤ 6,0
≤ 10
8
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MPN or CFU/100 mL
≤ 3 000
≤ 5 000
≤ 5 000
9
Sulfide (S2-)
mg/L
≤ 0,2
≤ 0,5
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10
Animal and vegetable
oils and fats
mg/L
≤ 10
≤ 15
≤ 20
11
Anionic surfactants
mg/L
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≤ 5,0
≤ 10
Notes: Organizations
and individuals may choose to apply TOC or COD.
3. DETERMINATION METHODS
3.1. Methods and
techniques for sampling wastewater and determining pollution parameters in
domestic and municipal wastewater are specified in the Appendix 2 to this
Regulation. Other methods for determining pollution parameters are specified in
the Appendix 1 to QCVN 40:2025/BTNMT - National technical regulation on
industrial effluent.
In case multiple
different test (analysis) methods are used to test a pollution parameter and an
arbitration method is needed to handle a dispute, complaint or lawsuit, the
test method first listed in Column 3 of the Appendix 2 to this Regulation or
Column 3 of the Appendix 1 to QCVN 40:2025/BTNMT - National technical
regulation on industrial effluent shall be used.
3.2. Other test methods
(not referred to in Column 3 in the Appendix 2 to this Regulation), including:
newly promulgated TCVN; national standard methods of one of the countries in
the Group of Seven (G7), European Committee for Standardization (CEN/EN),
Standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), member
countries of the European Union, South Korea or the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) or Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater (SMEWW) may be accepted.
4. MANAGERIAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1. Pollution parameters
and permissible limit values of pollution parameters in domestic and municipal
wastewater of investment projects and establishments discharging wastewater
must be indicated in the Decision on approval for result of environmental
impact assessment report appraisal, environmental license and environmental
protection document.
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4.2.1. Pollution
parameters specified in Table 1 of this Regulation with regard to municipal
wastewater or Table 2 of this Regulation with regard to domestic wastewater.
4.2.2. Pollution
parameters: Chloroform, Chlorine in case the wastewater treatment system uses
Chlorine or Chlorine-based disinfectants.
4.2.3. Other typical
pollution parameters (in addition to the pollution parameters specified in
4.2.1 and 4.2.2 of this Regulation) by types of production, business, and
services (specified in Column 4 and Column 5 of Appendix 2 QCVN 40:2025/BTNMT -
National technical regulation on industrial effluent) in case the municipal
wastewater collection and treatment system is connected with and receives
industrial effluent.
4.3. The discharge of
wastewater into a water receiving body will be assessed for compliance and
conformance with this Regulation if:
4.3.1. Results of
monitoring and analysis of pollution parameters in municipal waste do not
exceed the permissible limit values specified in Table 1 of this Regulation
and Table 2 (corresponding to the wastewater discharge zones (Columns)) of QCVN
40:2025/BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial effluent if there
are other pollution parameters specified in 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 of this Regulation.
4.3.2. Results of
monitoring and analysis of pollution parameters in domestic waste do not exceed
the permissible limit values specified in Table 2 of this Regulation or Table
2 (corresponding to the wastewater discharge zones (Columns)) of QCVN
40:2025/BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial effluent if there
are other pollution parameters specified in 4.2.2 of this Regulation.
4.4. The method for
assessing the compliance and conformance with this Regulation shall involve
monitoring and analyzing samples of wastewater before being discharged into
water receiving bodies.
4.5. The monitoring of
pollution parameters specified in Table 1 and Table 2 of this Regulation and
other pollution parameters specified in Table 2 of for the purpose of
QCVN 40:2025/BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial effluent for
the purpose of providing information and data to regulatory agencies must be
carried out by an organization granted a Certificate of eligibility to provide
environmental monitoring services in accordance with the law. The use of
automatic and continuous wastewater monitoring results shall be subject to
regulations of law.
4.6. The results of
assessment of compliance and conformance with this Regulation shall serve as
the basis for regulatory bodies to consider taking actions as prescribed by
law.
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4.8. When connecting
domestic wastewater of production, business and service establishments in a
concentrated production, business and service area or industrial cluster to the
industrial effluent collection and treatment system, the regulations laid down
by the investor in construction and commercial operation of infrastructure of
the concentrated production, business and service area or industrial cluster
must be satisfied.
4.9. If domestic
wastewater of production, business and service establishments is collected and
treated separately from industrial effluent, it shall be managed in the same
manner as domestic waste prescribed in this Regulation.
4.10. Any entity that is
entitled to use a situ waste treatment work as per the law on environmental
protection but does not build and install such work may choose to apply the
regulations set out in Table 2 of this Regulation.
5. RESPONSIBILITIES OF ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS
5.1. Each owner of the
investment project or establishment discharging wastewater shall ensure that:
5.1.1. Limit values of
pollution parameters in municipal wastewater do not exceed the permissible
limit values specified in Table 1 of this Regulation and Table 2
(corresponding to the wastewater discharge zones (Columns)) of QCVN 40:2025/BTNMT
- National technical regulation on industrial effluent if there are other
pollution parameters specified in 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 of this Regulation.
5.1.2. Limit values of
pollution parameters in domestic waste do not exceed the permissible limit
values specified in Table 2 of this Regulation or Table 2 (corresponding to
the wastewater discharge zones (Columns)) of QCVN 40:2025/BTNMT - National
technical regulation on industrial effluent if there are other pollution
parameters specified in 4.2.2 of this Regulation.
5.2. Each investment
owner or establishment owner shall determine pollution parameters according to
the principles set out under 4.2 of this Regulation by relying on the following
bases: raw materials, materials, fuels, chemicals used and technology for waste
treatment; information on the types of production, business and services with
industrial effluent connected to the municipal wastewater collection and
treatment system and the list of potential pollution parameters (proposed in
the application for appraisal of environmental impact assessment report,
application for issuance, adjustment or re-issuance of environmental license).
5.3. The authority
competent to appraise the environmental impact assessment report or issue the
environmental license shall determine specific pollution parameters to be
controlled on the basis of the proposal of the investment project owner or
establishment owner in the application for appraisal of environmental impact
assessment report or application for issuance, adjustment or re-issuance of
environmental license. In case it is detected that other pollution parameters
exceed the permissible limit values specified in Table 2 of QCVN 40:2025/BTNMT
- National technical regulation on industrial effluent, additional control is
required as prescribed.
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6.1. Each provincial
People’s Committee shall review and adjust its promulgated local environmental
technical regulations on domestic wastewater in line with law, situation of
local socio-economic development and this Regulation.
6.2. Environmental
protection authorities shall provide guidance on and inspect the implementation
of this Regulation.
6.3. In the cases where
any of the documents and regulations referred to in this Regulation is amended
or replaced, the newest one shall apply./.
Appendix 1
List of types of business
and services that generate wastewater managed in the same manner as domestic
wastewater
No.
Type of business/service (a)
Industrial classification code
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(2)
(3)
I
Accommodation and
food service activities
I
1.
Hotels
I 55101
2.
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I 55102
3.
Guesthouses and hostels
providing short-term accommodation
I 55103
4.
Motels, rooms for rent
and similar lodging establishments
I 55104
5.
Student residences
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6.
Other accommodation
I 55909
7.
Food and beverage
service activities
I 56
II
Residential care and
nursing activities
Q
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Nursing care facilities
Q 871
9.
Residential care activities
for mental retardation, mental health and substance abuse
Q 872
10.
Health care activities
for the persons having rendered meritorious services, the elderly and
disabled not capable of self-care
Q 873
11.
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Q 879
III
Other personal
service activities
S
12.
Steambath, massage and
health improvement services
S 96100
13.
Washing
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14.
Hairdressing and
shampooing
S 96310
15.
Funeral service
activities
S 96320
16.
Wedding service
activities
S 96330
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Other remaining
personal service activities
S 96390
IV
Other types (not
covered by Decision No. 27/2018/QD-TTg)
18.
Premises of agencies,
offices, schools
-
19.
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-
20.
Condominiums, public
housing
-
21.
Department stores, supermarkets;
food stores
-
22.
Parks, amusement parks,
recreational areas, concentrated business and service areas, markets, train
stations, bus stations, wharves, ports, ferry terminals and other public
areas
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23.
Other types (similar to
those listed in 01 to 22 of this Appendix)
-
Notes:
(a) Based on the
industrial classification specified in the Prime Minister’s Decision No.
27/2018/QD-TTg dated July 06, 2018 promulgating Vietnam Standard Industrial
Classification.
Appendix 2
Methods and techniques for
sampling wastewater and determining pollution parameters in domestic and
municipal wastewater
No.
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Test method and standard code
(1)
(2)
(3)
1
Sampling
wastewater, storage and transport of wastewater samples
TCVN 6663-1:2011
TCVN 5999:1995
TCVN 6663-3:2016
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Wastewater
sampling for microbiological analysis
TCVN 8880:2011
3
pH
TCVN 6492:2011
SMEWW 4500 H+.B:2023
4
Biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD5 at 20oC)
TCVN 6001-1:2008
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SMEWW 5210B:2023
5
Chemical oxygen demand
(COD)
TCVN 6491:1999
SMEWW 5220B:2023
SMEWW 5220C:2023
SMEWW 5220D:2023
6
Total Organic Carbon
(TOC)
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SMEWW 5310B:2023
SMEWW 5310C:2023
SMEWW 5310D:2023
7
Total Suspended Solids
(TSS)
TCVN 6625:2000
SMEWW 2540D:2023
8
Ammonium
(N- N-NH4+), expressed as N
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TCVN 9242:2012
TCVN 6179-1:1997
TCVN 6660:2000
SMEWW 4500-NH3.B&D:2023
SMEWW 4500-NH3.B&F:2023
SMEWW 4500-NH3.B&H:2023
USEPA Method 350.2
9
Total Nitrogen (T-N)
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TCVN 6624:1-2000
TCVN 6624:2-2000
10
Total
Phosphorus (T-P)
TCVN 6202:2008
SMEWW 4500-P.B&D:2023
SMEWW 4500-P.B&E:2023
ISO 11885:2007
11
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SMEWW 9221B:2023
TCVN 6187-2:2020
TCVN 6187-1:2019
TCVN 8775:2011
12
Sulfide (S2-)
TCVN 6637:2000
TCVN 6659:2000
SMEWW 4500 S2-.B&D:2023
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Animal and vegetable
oils and fats
SMEWW 5520B&F:2023
SMEWW 5520D&F:2023
US EPA Method 1664
14
Anionic surfactants
TCVN 6622-1:2009
TCVN 6336-1998
SMEWW 5540 B&C:2023
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Notes:
- TCVN: National
Standard of Vietnam.
- US EPA Method: Method
of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
- SMEWW: Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
- ISO: International
Organization for Standardization.