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MINISTRY OF
CONSTRUCTION OF VIETNAM
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SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF
VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No. 13/2026/TT-BXD
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Hanoi, April 09, 2026
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CIRCULAR
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TRACTION
BATTERIES USED FOR ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES, ELECTRIC MOPEDS
Pursuant to the Law on
Road Traffic Order and Safety No. 36/2024/QH15; the Law on amendment to
articles of 10 Laws related to order and security No. 118/2025/QH15;
Pursuant to the Law on
Technical Standards and Technical Regulations No. 68/2006/QH11; the Law on
amendment to articles of 37 Laws related to planning No. 35/2018/QH14; the Law
on amendment to the Law on Technical Standards and Technical Regulations No.
70/2025/QH15;
Pursuant to Decree No.
127/2007/ND-CP dated August 01, 2007 of the Government detailing the
implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Technical Standards and
Technical Regulations; Decree No. 78/2018/ND-CP dated May 16, 2018 of the
Government on amendment to Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 1, 2007 of
the Government;
Pursuant to Decree No.
78/2025/ND-CP dated April 1, 2025 elaborating articles and solutions for
arranging, guiding implementation of the law on promulgation of legislative
documents; Decree No. 187/2025/ND-CP dated July 1, 2025 on amendment to Decree
No. 78/2025/ND-CP dated April 1, 2025 of the Government elaborating articles
and solutions for arranging, guiding implementation of legislative documents
and Decree No. 79/2025/ND-CP dated April 1, 2025 of the Government on inspection,
review, systemization, and processing of legislative document;
Pursuant to Decree No.
33/2025/ND-CP dated August 02, 2025 of the Government on functions, tasks,
powers, and organizational structures of Ministry of Construction;
At request of the Director
of Vietnam Register;
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Article 1. The
National Technical Regulation on Traction Batteries used for electric
motorcycles, electric mopeds is attached hereto.
Number: QCVN
31:2026/BXD.
Article 2. Entry
into force
1. This Circular comes
into force from October 9, 2026 and replaces Clause 20 Article 1 of Circular
No. 48/2024/TT-BGTVT dated November 15, 2024 of the Minister of Transport on
National Technical Regulation on Technical Safety and Environmental Protection,
Energy Consumption of motorized vehicles; heavy-duty vehicles; parts of
motorized vehicles; and child safety devices.
2. In respect of
application for inspection, test, certification of types of traction batteries
for electric motorcycles and electric mopeds that has been received before the
effective date hereof, inspection, testing, and certification process shall
comply with regulations applicable on the date on which the application is
received.
3. Reports on testing
of traction batteries of electric motorcycles and electric mopeds issued before
the effective date hereof and reports on testing of traction batteries of
electric motorcycles issued in accordance with Clause 2 of this Article can be
used for certification of technical safety and environmental protection./.
PP. MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Le Anh Tuan
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QCVN
31:2026/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION
ON TRACTION BATTERIES USED FOR ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES,
ELECTRIC MOPEDS
Foreword
The QCVN 31:2026/BXD is
compiled and submitted by the Vietnam Register, inspected by the Ministry of
Science and Technology, promulgated by the Minister of Construction under
Circular No. 13/2026/TT-BXD dated April 9, 2026.
The QCVN 31:2026/BXD
replaces QCVN 91:2024/BGTVT.
NATIONAL
TECHNICAL REGULATION
ON TRACTION BATTERIES USED FOR ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES, ELECTRIC MOPEDS
1.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
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This Regulation
prescribes technical requirements of new traction batteries used in electric
motorcycles and electric mopeds (hereinafter referred to as “batteries”) in
manufacturing, assembly, import and at request of governing authorities.
1.2. Regulated entities
This Regulation applies
to: domestic manufacturing and assembling facilities, organizations and
individuals importing batteries; organizations and individuals related to
management, inspection, test, and certification of technical safety and
environmental protection of batteries.
1.3. Definitions
1.3.1. Sealed lead acid
battery (SLA battery)
Refers to a lead acid
battery equipped with protective mechanism that prevents free acid vapour and
does not require additional water or solution during use.
1.3.2. Valve-regulated
lead acid battery (VRLA)
Refers to an acid
battery equipped with regulatory valves capable of preventing water loss and as
such not requiring or requiring little addition of water or solution during
use.
1.3.3. Nickel-metal
hydride battery
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1.3.4. Lithium-ion
battery
Refers to a type of
battery consisting of multiple units connected in series and/or parallel where
negative electrode is carbon or graphite or other carbon materials and positive
electrode can be metallic oxide compounds of lithium and cobalt, nickel,
manganese, vanadium, or other materials.
1.3.5. Nominal voltage
Refers to voltage value
used by manufacturing facility to identify or determine voltage of batteries.
1.3.6. Minimum voltage
Refers to the lowest
voltage (in V) possible at which batteries operate safely and normally.
Minimum voltage of a
lead acid battery is 1.75 (V) per cell (n).
Minimum voltage of
lithium-ion battery and nickel-metal hydride battery shall be prescribed by
manufacturing facilities.
1.3.7. Nominal capacity
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1.3.8. Nominal capacity
(C3)
Refers to nominal
capacity (Ah) prescribed by manufacturers relating to total ampere-hour (Ah)
which battery discharges over 3 hours after being fully charged.
1.3.9. Fully charged
battery
Prior to charging
according to 1.3.9.1 and 1.3.9.2, batteries must discharge at intensity I3
(A) until battery voltage drops to minimum voltage.
1.3.9.1. Batteries
fully charged via procedures or chargers of manufacturers (for all types of
batteries)
Refer to batteries
fully charged by charging procedures or chargers registered and provided by
manufacturers, importers.
1.3.9.2. Batteries
fully charged not via chargers of manufacturers (only applicable to lead acid
batteries)
Where manufacturers and
importers fail to provide charging procedures and chargers, batteries shall be
charged based on the following types of batteries:
1.3.9.2.1. In respect
of SLA batteries
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Where n refers to the
number of cells in a battery.
1.3.9.2.2. In respect
of VRLA batteries
Batteries shall be
charged by constant voltage of n x 2,4 (V) and maximum intensity I3
(A) for 16 hours or until current no longer changes for 3 consecutive hours.
Where n refers to the
number of cells in a battery.
1.3.10. Leak
Batteries are leaking
if amount of solution or gas escaping the batteries is visible.
1.3.11. Fire
Batteries are on fire
if they emit smoke or fire. Electric spark or arcs are not considered fire.
1.3.12. Explosion
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1.3.13. IPXXB
protection degree
Refers to protection
provided by shields or covers in relation to contact with live parts. Test
finger for IPXXB protection degree is described under Figure B.1 Appendix B
hereof.
1.3.14. Fracture
Refers to sections
where the cover is either exposed or ripped wide open due to any reason that
the gap is large enough to accommodate test finger (IPXXB) which penetrates the
gap and touches internal parts.
1.3.15. High-voltage
battery
Refers to a battery of
which nominal voltage is greater than 60 V.
1.3.16. Type of
batteries
Batteries shall be
considered to be of same type if there is no difference among any of the information
below:
1.3.16.1. Name of manufacturer;
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1.3.16.3. Type of batteries;
1.3.16.4. Design of batteries;
1.3.16.5. Nominal voltage and
nominal capacity in all discharging modes (hr).
1.3.17. Name of brand
or make
Refers to brand or make
recognition defined and displayed on batteries by battery manufacturers.
1.3.18. Removable
battery
Refers to a type of
battery which user can easily remove from vehicles for external charging.
2.
TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
2.1. General
requirements
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2.1.2. Symbol of electrodes:
Positive electrode must be signified by a plus (+) symbol, negative electrode
must be signify by a subtract (-) symbol. These symbols must be clearly visible, durable,
and persistent.
2.1.3. Cover of batteries must
not deform, exhibit fractures; all parts must be firmly installed.
2.1.4. Symbols on batteries
must depict: nominal voltage, nominal capacity at 3-hour mode and must be clearly
visible, durable, and persistent.
2.1.5. In respect of
high-voltage batteries, batteries must carry symbols under Appendix C hereof
which are clearly visible, durable, and persistent.
2.2. Electrical
characteristics
2.2.1. Nominal voltage
Voltage of batteries
measured during test in accordance with A.1.2.1, A.1.3, and A.3.1 of Appendix A
hereof shall not be lower than nominal voltage and shall not be greater than
nominal voltage by more than 15%.
2.2.2. Nominal capacity
(C3)
Capacity of batteries (Ce)
at the end of test according to A.1.2.1, A.1.2.3, A.1.3, A.3.2 of Appendix A
hereof shall not be lower than:
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2.2.2.2. 100% of nominal
capacity (C3) for nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion
batteries.
2.2.3. Discharge
capacity for high voltage current (only applicable to lead acid batteries)
Following tests under
A.1.2.1, A.1.2.3, A.1.3, A.3.3 of Appendix A hereof, for complete batteries and
battery combination: minimum discharge duration shall be 40 minutes.
2.3. Safety
characteristics
2.3.1. Overcharge
During tests under A.1.1,
A.1.3, and A.4.1 Appendix A hereof: During and 1 hour after tests, batteries do
not leak, are not on fire, do not explode, and do not fracture.
2.3.2. Overdischarge
During tests under
A.1.1, A.1.2.1, A.1.3, and A.4.2 Appendix A hereof: During and 1 hour after
tests, batteries do not leak, are not on fire, do not explode, and do not
fracture.
2.3.3. Vibration
resistance
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2.3.4. Short circuit
(not applicable to acid lead batteries)
During tests under
A.1.1, A.1.2.2, A.1.3, and A.4.4 Appendix A hereof: During and 1 hour after
tests, batteries do not leak, are not on fire, do not explode, and do not
fracture.
2.3.5. Water immersion
(not applicable to acid lead batteries)
During tests under
A.1.1, A.1.3, and A.4.5 Appendix A hereof: During and 1 hour after tests,
batteries are not on fire and do not explode.
2.3.6. Drop test (Not
applicable to acid lead batteries; only applicable to removable batteries)
During tests under
A.1.1, A.1.3, and A.4.6 Appendix A hereof: During and 1 hour after tests,
batteries do not leak, are not on fire, do not explode, and do not fracture.
3. REGULATIONS ON
MANAGEMENT
3.1. Inspection,
testing, certification methods
Imported, manufactured,
and assembled batteries must be examined, tested, and certified in accordance
with regulations on technical safety and environmental protection for motorized
vehicle parts.
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Battery manufacturers,
assemblers, importers shall, upon registering for test, must provide testing
facilities with technical dossiers and samples according to 3.2.1 and 3.2.2
hereof.
3.2.1. Requirements
regarding technical dossiers
Technical dossiers of
batteries must include:
3.2.1.1. Name, address
of manufacturers, assemblers, importers of batteries of electric motorcycles
and electric mopeds;
3.2.1.2. Make;
3.2.1.3. Type code;
3.2.1.4. Design code or
product code;
3.2.1.5. Type of
batteries (according to 1.3.1, 1.3.2, 1.3.3, or 1.3.4); removable or
non-removable (in case of lithium-ion batteries or nickel-metal hydride
batteries).
3.2.1.6. Nominal
voltage (V);
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3.2.1.8. Minimum
voltage (V);
3.2.1.9. Number of
cells in a complete acid lead battery (n);
3.2.1.10. Type of
combination and method of connection;
3.2.1.11. Technical
drawings;
Technical drawings must
at least depict primary dimensions of batteries, corresponding positions of
basic symbols on batteries and battery weight.
3.2.1.12. Charging
procedures;
3.2.1.13. Information
that informs whether batteries are being charged and have been fully charged
(if such information is not available on the chargers or the batteries).
3.2.2. Requirements
pertaining to samples and test items
3.2.2.1. Requirements
regarding tests
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Number of battery
combination sample: 1 battery combination for each type of combination registered
for test.
3.2.2.2. Test items
Test items of acid lead
batteries shall conform to Schedule 1. Test items of nickel-metal hydride
batteries and lithium-ion batteries shall conform to Schedule 2 hereof.
Schedule
1: Test items of acid lead batteries
No.
Test
items
Samples
Sample
1
Sample
2
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Sample
4
1
General requirements
X
X
X
X
2
Nominal voltage
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X
X
X
3
Nominal capacity (C3)
X
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Discharge capacity
for high-intensity current
X
and combination
5
Overdischarge
X
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6
Vibration resistance
X
7
Overcharge
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X
Schedule
2: Test items for lithium-ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries
No.
Test
items
Samples
Sample
1
Sample
2
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Sample
4
1
General requirements
X
X
X
X
2
Nominal voltage
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X
X
X
3
Nominal capacity (C3)
X
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Overdischarge
X
5
Vibration resistance
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X
6
Water immersion
X
7
Overcharge
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8
Short circuit
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Drop test
X
(1)
(1) Only applicable to
removable batteries.
3.3. Test report
Test reports must
include test items and test results corresponding to requirements under Point 2
hereof.
4. ORGANIZING
IMPLEMENTATION
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4.2. Where documents
referred to under this document are amended or superseded, the new documents
shall prevail./.
Appendix A
Testing method
A.1. Test conditions
A.1.1. Tests specified in A.4
shall be adopted for completed batteries. Where electrical control devices of
batteries are not integrated to protective shells of battery units, these
devices can be removed prior to testing depending on request of manufacturers.
All protective devices
that affect operation of batteries and test results shall be activated during
test.
A.1.2. Measuring
instrument
A.1.2.1. Capacity
measurement instruments
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Voltage measuring
instrument must have maximum least count of 0,01 V.
Resistance of voltage
measuring instruments must be at least 300 Ω/ V;
Current measuring
instruments must have maximum least count of 0,01A.
Accuracy must be within
± 1% of actual value.
A.1.2.2. Temperature
measuring instrument
Temperature measuring
instruments shall have appropriate measurement range where measurement
increment must not be greater than 1 oC. Device calibration accuracy
shall not be greater than 1 oC.
A.1.2.3. Time measuring
instruments
Time measuring
instruments must be able to define time in hour, minute, and second. Accuracy
must be within ± 1% of actual value.
A.1.3. Requirements
pertaining to test samples
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A.2. Examination for
general requirements
Examine by observing
and shaking.
A.3. Electrical
characteristics
A.3.1. Nominal voltage
Batteries that have
been fully charged shall rest for 2 hours. Measure voltage between battery electrodes
via test equipment.
A.3.2. Nominal capacity
(C3)
Batteries that have
been fully charged shall rest for 5 hours before being tested at operating mode
for 3 hours at current I3 = C3/3 (A) until battery
voltage drops to minimum voltage. Record duration of discharge t (hours). Recorded
capacity Ce = t x I3 (Ah).
A.3.3. Discharge
capacity for high-intensity current (only applicable to acid lead batteries)
Batteries that have
been fully charged shall rest for 5 hours shall be discharged at 3I3
(A) until battery voltage drops to (n x 1,5) V. Record duration of discharge.
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A.4. Safety
characteristics
A.4.1. Overcharge
Charge battery using I3
current or a current regulated by manufacturers until batteries automatically
disconnect from chargers or limit charging current. Where automatic shutoff
function does not work or is not available, charging will continue until test
batteries contain twice the nominal capacity.
A.4.2. Overdischarge
Discharge battery using
I3 current or a current regulated by manufacturers until batteries
automatically disconnect or limit charging current. Where automatic shutoff
function does not work or is not available, charging will continue until test
batteries contain 25% the nominal voltage.
A.4.3. Vibration
resistance
Such tests shall be
conducted with completed batteries or parts of systems consisting of units and
connection between them. Where electrical control devices of batteries are not
integrated to protective shells of battery units, these devices can be removed
prior to testing depending on request of manufacturers.
Batteries must be
firmly secured to vibrating surfaces of vibration testing machines so that all
vibrations directly affect the batteries;
Batteries must be
charged to at least 50% of nominal capacity before undergoing tests. Test
conditions:
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A.4.3.2. Vibration frequency:
from 7 Hz to 200 Hz and back to 7 Hz within 15 minutes;
A.4.3.3. Vibrating cycles (7 Hz ~ 200 Hz): 12 cycles;
A.4.3.4. Duration: 3 hours.
Correlation between
frequency and acceleration according to Schedule A.1 and Schedule A.2 below:
Schedule A.1: Frequency
and acceleration for completed batteries weighing less than 12 kg
Frequency
(Hz)
Acceleration
(m/s2)
7 – 18
10
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Gradual increase from
10 to 80
50 – 200
80
Schedule A.2: Frequency
and acceleration for completed batteries weighing 12 kg or more
Frequency
(Hz)
Acceleration
(m/s2)
7 – 18
10
18 – 25 (1)
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25 – 200
20
(1) Amplitude is
maintained at 0,8 mm (with total amplitude of 1,6 mm); frequency is increased
until maximum acceleration is reached according to Schedule A.1 or Schedule
A.2.
A.4.4. Short circuit
(not applicable to acid lead batteries)
Batteries must be
charged to at least 50% of nominal capacity before undergoing tests. Negative
and positive electrodes of batteries shall be connected to create short circuit
where resistance of short-circuit wire is lower than 5 mΩ.
Short circuit will be
maintained until protective components of batteries interrupt or limit
electrical current or for at least 1 hour after temperature measured on the
shell of batteries has stabilized (has decreased by at least 4 oC in
1 hour).
A.4.5. Water immersion
(not applicable to acid lead batteries)
Fully charged batteries
shall be so continuously submerged in 3,5% to 5% NaCl solution (consisting of
clean tap water and salt) that the topmost point of the batteries are submerged
for 2 hours. At the end of tests, batteries shall be removed from the water and
placed in dry places.
A.4.6. Drop test (Not
applicable to acid lead batteries; only applicable to removable batteries)
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Appendix B
IPXXB Rating inspection device
Dimensions
are in millimeter

Figure
B.1. IPXXB rating test finger
B.1. IPXXB rating
requirement
IPXXB rating test
finger must not touch any working component of batteries.
B.2. Test method
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Appendix C
Symbol of high-voltage battery
Symbol
of high-voltage battery is compliant with Figure C.1 or Figure C.2

Figure
C.1

Figure
C.2
The symbol has yellow
background, triangular outline, and black arrow.