THE
GOVERNMENT
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No:
32/2001/ND-CP
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Hanoi,
July 05, 2001
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DECREE
DETAILING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ORDINANCE ON NEGOTIABLE
INSTRUMENTS
THE GOVERNMENT
Pursuant to the Law on Organization of the
Government of September 30, 1992;
Pursuant to the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments of December 24, 1999;
At the proposal of the Governor of the Vietnam State Bank,
DECREES:
Chapter I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1.- Scope of
regulation
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2. The provisions of the Ordinance on Negotiable
Instruments and this Decree govern negotiable instrument relations arising from
trade activities, which involve one or a number of credit institutions in
its/their capacity as the acceptor(s) of loan provision for the payment of
negotiable instruments or the guarantor(s) for the drawees and issuers of
negotiable instruments in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
Article 2.- Subjects of
application
Subjects of application of this Decree include:
1. Participants in negotiable instrument
relations in their capacity as drawers, issuers, drawees, transferors, payees,
guarantors or pledgees that must be enterprises defined in Article 2 of the
Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments, except for cases where foreigners
participate in negotiable instrument relations in their capacity as payees.
2. Credit institutions must not take part in
negotiable instrument relations in their capacity as issuers or drawers.
Article 3.- Time limits
for payment of negotiable instruments
The time limits for payment of negotiable
instruments shall be agreed upon by the goods sellers or the trade service
providers and the goods buyers or the trade service receivers, and inscribed on
negotiable instruments, which, however, must not exceed 180 days, for
negotiable instruments used in domestic trade activities and 364 days, for
negotiable instruments used in import and export activities of Vietnamese
enterprises and foreign traders, except for negotiable instruments drawn for
immediate payment upon their presentation. Where the payment of negotiable
instruments is made beyond the above-said time limits, Vietnam State Bank’s
written approval is required.
Article 4.- Negotiable
instruments inscribed with payment in foreign currencies
1. Negotiable instruments shall be inscribed
with payment in foreign currencies only when they arise from trade activities,
in which one participant is a non-resident.
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3. For negotiable instruments inscribed with
payment in foreign currencies at variance with the provisions of this Decree
and the law provisions on foreign exchange management, the sums of money
inscribed thereon shall be paid in Vietnam dong at the exchange rates announced
by Vietnam State Bank at the time of payment.
Article 5.- Forms of
negotiable instrument, language used in negotiable instruments
1. Vietnam State Bank shall design and organize
the printing of negotiable instrument forms. The supply of negotiable
instrument forms for enterprises shall comply with the regulations of Vietnam
State Bank.
2. Negotiable instruments issued by enterprises
must be made in Vietnamese language on the pre-printed forms of the Vietnam
State Bank. In cases where negotiable instrument relations involve foreign
elements, those issued in Vietnam must be made in Vietnamese and English
languages.
Article 6.- Term
interpretation
In this Decree, the following expressions shall
be construed as follows:
1. "Negotiable instrument relations
arising from trade activities" mean the negotiable instrument
relations arising on the basis of a negotiable instrument issued to pay for a
goods sale and purchase transaction or trade service provision;
2. "Signature of person having rights
and obligations on a negotiable instrument" means the hand-written
signature on the negotiable instrument, affixed with stamp (if any) of the
person having rights and obligations towards the negotiable instrument or of the
authorized person prescribed by law.
Chapter II
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Article 7.- Additional
sheets attached to negotiable instruments
Where an additional sheet is attached to a
negotiable instrument as prescribed in Clause 3 of Article 11 and Clause 3 of
Article 17 of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments, such additional sheet
must have the same size as the negotiable instrument and shall be used for
inscription of the contents of guaranty, transfer, pledge or authorized
collection via banks when the negotiable instrument has no more room for the
inscription of such contents. The additional sheet shall be valid only when it
is attached to the negotiable instrument.
Article 8.- Acceptance
of drafts
1. The presentation of a draft for acceptance
shall be valid when the following conditions are fully met:
a/ The draft is presented by the payee or its
lawful representative;
b/ The payment time limit has not yet expired;
c/ The draft is presented to the right address
of the drawee, which is prescribed thereon;
d/ The draft is presented during working hours
of a working day.
2. The via-post presentation of a draft in form
of a registered letter shall be considered valid. The date of draft
presentation for acceptance in this case shall be determined according to the
date of its sending inscribed on the postage stamp.
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4. The draft acceptance by the drawee shall be
considered valid when the draft is inscribed fully with the contents prescribed
in Article 14 of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments.
Article 9.- Issuance of
negotiable instruments
1. Negotiable instruments falling within the
scope of regulation of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments and this Decree
shall be issued in one of the following cases:
a/ The goods seller or the trade service
provider makes and signs for issuance a draft, requesting the drawee being the
goods buyer or trade service receiver to pay the sum of money inscribed
thereon, and the drawee is guaranteed by a credit institution to pay the draft
upon its maturity.
b/ The goods buyer or the trade service receiver
makes and signs for issuance a draft and it is signed for acceptance by a
credit institution to provide loan for payment to the payee;
c/ The goods buyer or the trade service receiver
being the issuer of an order of payment commits itself to pay the payee and the
issuer is guaranteed by a credit institution.
2. Credit institutions participating in
negotiable instrument relations under the provisions of this Decree must get
written consent from the Vietnam State Bank.
Article 10.-
Obligations of concerned persons
1. The drawer shall have the following
obligations:
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b/ To pay the sum of money inscribed on the
draft if the acceptor refuses to fully pay it when the draft is presented for
acceptance strictly according to regulations;
2. The drawee accepting the draft shall have the
following obligations:
a/ To pay the already accepted draft;
b/ To take final responsibility for the payment
of the sum of money already signed for acceptance on the draft;
3. The issuer of an order of payment shall take
final responsibility for the payment of the sum of money inscribed thereon to
the goods seller, trade service provider or transferee when the order of
payment is presented for payment on time at the right place inscribed thereon.
4. The guarantor is obliged to pay the full sum
of money already committed for guaranty, provided that the guaranteed fails to
fulfil the payment obligation when the negotiable instrument turns mature.
5. The negotiable instrument transferor is
obliged to pay the negotiable instrument to the succeeding payee if such
negotiable instrument is not fully paid upon its maturity.
Article 11.- Guaranty
of negotiable instruments
1. Guaranty of a negotiable instrument is the
act whereby a third party, hereafter referred to as the guarantor for short,
commits to the guarantee (the payee) to pay the whole or part of the sum of
money inscribed on the negotiable instrument, if the guaranteed (the drawee,
issuer or transferor) fails to pay or fully pay the amount of money inscribed
on the negotiable instrument when it becomes due.
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3. The guarantor for the drawer is obliged to pay
the guaranty money amount when the drawer fails to fulfil its obligation to pay
the mature negotiable instrument.
4. The guaranty of a negotiable instrument shall
be recorded in a separate document or inscribed on the negotiable instrument.
The document on the negotiable instrument guaranty needs not be notarized or
authenticated by the Notary Public or People�s
Committees of different levels, except otherwise agreed upon by the concerned
parties.
5. The guaranty must not be cancelled, except
for the following cases:
a/ The negotiable instrument is not made on the
pre-printed form issued by the Vietnam State Bank;
b/ The negotiable instrument is not made in
Vietnamese or Vietnamese and English languages in cases where foreign elements
are involved;
c/ The draft lacks one of the contents
prescribed in Clause 1, Article 11 of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments.
d/ The order of payment lacks one of the
contents prescribed in Clause 1, Article 17 of the Ordinance on Negotiable
Instruments.
6. After fulfilling its guaranty obligation, the
guarantor shall be entitled to take up the guaranteed's rights towards the
concerned parties, including the guaranteed’s security property.
7. The guarantor that has fulfilled the guaranty
obligation shall have the right to request the guaranteed, the issuer or the
drawee that has signed for the joint-liability acceptance to fulfill the
obligation to repay the already paid guaranty money amount.
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Article 12.- Pledge of
negotiable instruments
Negotiable instruments shall be pledged when
they fully meet the following conditions:
1. They have been issued in accordance with the
provisions of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments and this Decree;
2. The phrase "cam chuyen nhuong"
(non-transferable) is not inscribed thereon;
3. Their payment time limits have not expired;
4. For drafts, they must be accepted before
being pledged.
Article 13.- Time
limits and procedures for the pledge of negotiable instruments
1. The time limit for the pledge of a negotiable
instrument must not exceed the remaining payment time limit of such negotiable
instrument, counting from the date of pledge to the payment deadline inscribed
thereon.
2. The procedures for the pledge of negotiable
instruments shall comply with the provisions of the Ordinance on Negotiable
Instruments and relevant law provisions.
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1. When the pledgor of a negotiable instrument
has fulfilled the secured obligation, the pledgee shall have to return the
negotiable instrument to the pledgor and inscribe on the back of such
negotiable instrument or on the additional sheet the phrase "cham dut cam
co" (pledge termination).
2. In cases where the pledgor fails to fulfil
the secured obligation within the time limit already agreed upon by the
concerned parties, the pledgee shall become the payee of the negotiable
instrument. When the negotiable instrument becomes mature, the pledgee shall be
entitled to present it for payment. If the money amount collected from the
payment of the negotiable instrument is not enough for the fulfillment of the
secured obligation, the pledgor shall have to continue performing the
obligation already committed with the pledgee. If the money amount collected
from the payment of the negotiable instrument is larger than that required for
performance of the secured obligation, the pledgee shall have to refund the extra
sum to the pledgor.
Article 15.- Transfer
of negotiable instruments
1. Negotiable instruments may be transferred
among enterprises.
2. A negotiable instrument is transferred when
the payee signs on its back and hand it over to the transferee. The transferee
shall become the payee as from the time of receiving the negotiable instrument.
3. When issuing a negotiable instrument, the
drawer and the issuer may not allow the transfer of such negotiable instrument
by inscribing thereon the phrase "Khong chuyen nhuong"
(non-transferable).
4. When transferring a negotiable instrument,
the transferor may not allow the further transfer of such negotiable instrument
by inscribing in the transfer contents the phrase "khong chuyen
nhuong" (non-transferable).
5. The drawer, issuer or transferor shall not be
held responsible to the payee that is transferred with a non-transferable
negotiable instrument prescribed in Clauses 3 and 4 of this Article.
6. The discount and rediscount of negotiable
instruments by credit institutions shall comply with the Vietnam State Bank’s
regulations. The Vietnam State Bank shall prescribe conditions and types of
negotiable instrument for discount or rediscount by credit institutions in each
period.
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1. Orders of payment issued or transferred to
payees being foreigners not residing in Vietnam or foreign legal persons not
permitted to do business in Vietnam must be approved in advance by the Vietnam
State Bank.
2. The Vietnam State Bank shall prescribe procedures
and conditions for the approval of the issuance and transfer of orders of
payment to payees being foreigners not residing in Vietnam or foreign legal
persons not permitted to do business in Vietnam.
Article 17.-
Presentation of negotiable instruments for payment
1. By the maturity date inscribed on a
negotiable instrument, the payee shall have the right to present it at the
place of payment, requesting the drawee, for a draft, or the issuer, for an
order of payment, to pay the negotiable instrument on the date when it turns
mature or within 2 working days after such date. The negotiable instrument may
be presented for payment later than the payment deadline inscribed thereon
according to the provisions of Clause 2, Article 34 of the Ordinance on Negotiable
Instruments.
2. A negotiable instrument, which must be paid
"right upon presentation", must be presented for payment within 90
days as from the date of issuance.
3. The payee shall have the right to ask a bank
to collect the sum of money inscribed on a negotiable instrument through the
signing of the "transfer for authorized collection". For the
authorized collection, the payee shall have to fully inscribe the phrase
"transfer for authorized collection", the name of the authorized
collecting bank, date of transfer for authorized collection and signature of
the collection authorizer. The authorized collecting bank is entitled to
collect charges according to the Vietnam State Bank’s regulations. The
procedures for the authorized collection of negotiable instruments via banks
shall comply with the regulations of the Vietnam State Bank.
4. The payee may present the negotiable
instrument for payment by mail in form of a registered letter. The time limit
for the presentation of the negotiable instrument for payment in this case
shall be calculated according to the date of its sending inscribed on the
postage stamp.
5. The drawee or the issuer shall have to pay
the presented negotiable instrument to the payee within 2 working days as from
the date of receiving such negotiable instrument.
Article 18.-
Fulfillment of payment obligation in cases where the payee cancels a negotiable
instrument
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2. When canceling a negotiable instrument, the
payee shall have to clearly inscribe the cancellation on such negotiable
instrument with the phrase "cancellation of negotiable instrument",
the date of cancellation, then sign and transfer the cancelled negotiable
instrument to the drawee, acceptor.
Article 19.- The right
to claim payment
The payee shall have the right to claim payment
against the following subjects:
1. The drawer or guarantor, in cases where part
or the whole of a draft is refused to be accepted as prescribed in Clause 1,
Article 13 of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments;
2. The drawer or issuer, the transferor or
guarantor, when a negotiable instrument becomes mature but is not paid
according to its contents;
3. The drawer, transferor or guarantor, in cases
where the drawee is declared bankrupt or dissolved, if the draft has already
been accepted.
4. The drawer or guarantor, in cases where the
drawer is declared bankrupt or dissolved, if the draft has not yet been
accepted;
5. The drawer or guarantor, in cases where the
drawee is declared bankrupt or dissolved, if the draft has not yet been
accepted.
Article 20.- Notice on
the refusal of acceptance or refusal of payment
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1. The notice is made within the time limit
prescribed in Article 40 of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments;
2. The notice is made by the payee, transferor
or representative at law or representative under authorization of the payee,
transferor;
3. The notice is made in writing.
Article 21.- Acceptance
of payment claims
1. When receiving a notice on the refusal to
accept or to pay a negotiable instrument, the transferor, drawer or issuer
shall have to reply the payee in writing within 4 working days as from the date
of receiving the notice.
2. If accepting the notice, the transferor that
has paid the payee shall have the right to claim the refund of the already paid
amount according to the provisions of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments.
Article 22.- The right
to initiate lawsuits
1. The payee that does not receive the sum of
money inscribed on a negotiable instrument shall have the right to initiate a
lawsuit against the concerned subjects according to the provisions in Section
II, Chapter IV of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments and other law
provisions.
2. After initiating the lawsuit against one or a
number of concerned subjects, if the payee still fails to fully receive the
money amount inscribed on the negotiable instrument, it shall have the right to
initiate lawsuits against other concerned subjects.
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Article 23.- Statute of
limitations for lawsuit initiation
1. The payee shall have the right to initiate a
lawsuit against the drawer, issuer, guarantor, transferor or acceptor regarding
the money amount prescribed in Article 43 of the Ordinance on Negotiable
Instruments within 2 years as from the date the negotiable instrument is
refused to be accepted or is neither paid nor fully paid.
2. Concerned subjects against which a lawsuit is
initiated as prescribed in Clause 1, Article 44 of the Ordinance on Negotiable
Instruments shall have the right to initiate a lawsuit against the drawer,
issuer, transferor, guarantor or acceptor regarding the already paid money
amount prescribed in Article 43 of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments
within 2 years as from the date of fulfilling the payment obligation.
3. In cases where the payee fails to present a
negotiable instrument for payment within the time limit prescribed in Article
34 of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments or fails to send notices on the
negotiable instrument being refused to be accepted or paid within the time
limit prescribed in Article 40 of the Ordinance on Negotiable Instruments, it
may only initiate a lawsuit against the acceptor, issuer or drawer within 2
years as from the date the negotiable instrument is signed for issuance.
4. Within the statute of limitations for lawsuit
initiation prescribed in Clauses 1, 2 and 3 of this Article, if there appear
any objective obstacle beyond the lawsuit initiator�s control, the duration in which such objective
obstacle occurs shall not be calculated into the statute of limitations.
Chapter III
HANDLING OF VIOLATIONS
AND IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS
Article 24.- The
following acts are strictly prohibited:
1. Issuing negotiable instruments in
contravention of the provisions of Article 9 of this Decree;
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3. Failing to pay negotiable instruments or
obstructing the payment of negotiable instruments when they are presented on
time at the prescribed place;
4. Transferring negotiable instruments, which
have already expired or have been refused to be accepted;
5. Signing negotiable instruments ultra vires.
Article 25.- Handling
of violations
Any persons violating the provisions of this
Decree shall, depending on the nature and seriousness of their violations, be
administratively sanctioned or examined for penal liability; and, if causing
damage, pay compensation therefor according to law provisions.
Article 26.-
Implementation effect
1. This Decree takes effect 15 days after its
signing.
2. The Governor of the Vietnam State Bank shall
have to guide the implementation of this Decree.
3. The ministers, the heads of the
ministerial-level agencies, the heads of the agencies attached to the
Government, the presidents of the People’s Committees of the provinces and
centrally-run cities shall, within the scope of their respective functions,
tasks and powers, have to guide the implementation of this Decree.
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ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNMENT
PRIME MINISTER
Phan Van Khai