THE MINISTRY OF
POST AND TELEMATICS
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|
THE SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independent - Freedom - Happiness
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|
No:
28/2002/QD-BBCVT
|
Hanoi, 18
December 2002
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DECISION
OF
THE MINISTER OF POSTS AND TELEMATICS PROMULGATING THE TECHNICAL STANDARDS
THE MINISTER OF POSTS AND TELEMATICS
Pursuant to the Ordinance on Goods Quality of
January 04, 2000;
Pursuant to the Government's Decree No.
90/2002/ND-CP of November 11, 2002 on the functions, tasks, powers and
organizational structure of the Ministry of Posts and Telematics;
Pursuant to the Decision No. 27/2001/QD-TCBD of
January 09, 2001 of the Department General of Posts and Telecommunications (now
the Ministry of Posts and Telematics) on establishing, promulgating and
adopting standards;
At the proposal of the Director General of the
Department of Science & Technology,
DECIDES
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1. ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) -
Electrostatic discharge immunity - Testing and measurement techniques
Code: TCN 68-207: 2002
2. ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Voltage
dips,short interruptions and voltage variations immunity - Testing and
measurement techniques
Code: TCN 68-208: 2002
3. ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Surge
immunity - Testing and measurement techniques
Code: TCN 68-209: 2002
4. ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Power
frequency magnetic field immunity - Testing and measurement techniques
Code: TCN 68-210: 2002
Article 2. These technical standards mentioned in the Article 1 take
effect 15 (fifteen) days after signing of this Decision.
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FOR THE MINISTER OF POSTS AND TELEMATICS
STANDING DEPUTY MINISTER
Mai Liem Truc
TCN 68 - 210: 2002
ELECTROMAGNETIC
COMPATIBILITY (EMC)
POWER FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD IMMUNITY
TESTING AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
FOREWORD
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The technical standard TCN 68 - 210: 2002 is
drafted by Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications (RIPT) at the
proposal of Department of Science & Technology of Ministry of Posts and
Telematics. The technical standard is adopted by the Decision No.
28/2002/QD-BBCVT of the Minister of Posts and Telematics dated 18/12/2002.
The technical standard TCN 68 - 210: 2002 is issued
in a bilingual document (Vietnamese version and English version). In cases of
interpretation disputes, Vietnamese version is applied.
ELECTROMAGNETIC
COMPATIBILITY (EMC)
POWER FREQUENCY
MAGNETIC FIELD IMMUNITY TESTING AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(Issued together
with the Decision No. 28/2002/QD-BBCVT of December 18, 2002 of the Minister of
Posts and Telematics)
1. Scope
This technical standard specifies the immunity
requirements of equipment, only under operational conditions, to magnetic
disturbances at power frequency related to:
- Residential and commercial locations;
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- Medium voltage and high voltage sub-stations.
The applicability of this standard to equipment
installed in different locations is determined by the presence of the
phenomenon, as specified in clause 3.
This standard does not consider disturbances due to
capacitive or inductive coupling in cables or other parts of the field
installation. Other IEC standards dealing with conducted disturbances cover
these aspects.
The object of this standard is to establish a
common and reproducible basis for evaluating the performance of electrical and
electronic equipment for household, commercial and industrial applications when
subjected to magnetic fields at power frequency (continuous and short duration
field).
The standard defines:
- Recommended test levels;
- Test equipment;
- Test set-up;
- Test procedure.
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- Fields at the power frequencies (16 2/3 - 20 or
30 - 400 Hz);
- Fields of harmonic currents (100 Hz to 2000 Hz);
- Fields of higher frequencies (up to 150 kHz, e.g.
for mains signalling systems);
- D.C. fields.
Note: This standard could be applied to
telecommunication equipments.
2. Normative references
[1] IEC 60050 (161):1990, International
Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Chapter 161: Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC).
[2] IEC 68-1: 1988, Environmental testing - Part
1: General and guidance.
3. General
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The following tests ate intended to demonstrate the
immunity of equipment when subjected to power frequency magnetic fields related
to the specific location and installation condition of the equipment (e.g.
proximity of equipment to the disturbance source).
The power frequency magnetic field is generated by
power frequency current in conductors or, more seldom, from other devices (e.g.
leakage of transformers) in the proximity of equipment.
As for the influence of nearby conductors, one
should differentiate between:
- The current under normal operating conditions,
which produces a steady magnetic field, with a comparatively small magnitude;
- The current under fault conditions which can
produce comparatively high magnetic fields but of short duration, until the
protection devices operate (a few milliseconds with fuses, a few seconds for
protection relays).
The test with a steady magnetic field may apply to
all types of equipment intended for public or industrial low voltage
distribution networks or for electrical plants.
The test with a short duration magnetic field
related to the fault conditions, requires test levels that differ from those
for steady state conditions; the highest values apply mainly to equipment
to be installed in exposed places of electrical plants.
The test field waveform is that of power frequency.
In many cases (household areas, sub-stations and
power plant under normal conditions), the magnetic field produced by harmonics
is negligible. However, in very special cases like heavy industrial areas
(large power converters, etc.) they occur, and will be considered in a future
revision of this standard.
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4.1. EUT
Equipment under test.
4.2. Induction coil
Conductor loop of defined shape and dimensions, in
which flows a current, generating a magnetic field of defined constancy in its
plane and in the enclosed volume.
4.3. Induction coil factor
Ratio between the magnetic field strength generated
by an induction coil of given dimensions and the corresponding current value;
the field is that measured at the centre of the coil plane, without the EUT.
4.4. Immersion method
Method of application of the magnetic field to the
EUT, which is placed in the centre of an induction coil (figure 1).
4.5. Proximity method
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4.6. Ground (reference) plane (GRP)
A flat conductive surface whose potential is used
as a common reference for the magnetic field generator and the auxiliary
equipment (the ground plane can be used to close the loop of the induction
coil, as in figure 4). (IEV 161-04-36, modified).
4.7. Decoupling network, back filter
Electrical circuit intended to avoid reciprocal
influence with other equipment not submitted to the magnetic field test.
5. Test levels
The preferential range of test levels, respectively
for continuous and short duration application of the magnetic field, applicable
to distribution networks at
50 Hz and 60 Hz, is given in table 1 and Table 2.
The magnetic field strength is expressed in A/m; 1
A/m corresponds to a free space induction of 1.26 mT.
Table 1: Test
levels for continuous field
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Level
Magnetic field
strength
A/m
Level
Magnetic field
strength
A/m
1
1
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1
n.a.2)
2
3
2
n.a.2)
3
10
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3
n.a.2)
4
30
4
300
5
100
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5
1000
x1)
special
x1)
special
Note:
1- "x" is an open level. This level
can be given in the product specification.
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Notes:
1 - "x" is an open level. This
level, as well the duration of the test, can be given in the product
specification.
2 - "n.a." is not applicable
Information on the selection of the test levels is
given in annex C. Information on actual levels is given in annex D.
6. Test equipment
The test magnetic field is obtained by a current
flowing in an induction coil; The application of test field to the EUT is by
the immersion method. An example of application of the immersion method is
given in figure 1.
The test equipment includes the current source
(test generator), the induction coil and auxiliary test instrumentation.
6.1. Test generator
The generator, with
the output waveform corresponding to the test magnetic field, shall be able to
deliver the required current in the induction coils specified in 6.2.
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The specifications of the generator are:
- Current capability, determined by the maximum
selected test level and induction coil factor (see 6.2.2 and annex A), ranging
from 0.87 m-1 (1 m standard coil for testing table-top or small
equipment) to 0.66 m-1 (rectangular induction coil, 1 m ´ 2.6 m, for
testing floor standing or large equipment);
- Operability in short circuit condition;
- Low output terminal connected to the earth
terminal (for connection to the safety earth of the laboratory);
- Precautions to prevent the emission of large
disturbances that may be injected in the power supply network or may influence
the test results.
The characteristics and performances of the current
source or test generator for the different fields considered in this standard
are give in 6.1.1.
6.1.1. Characteristics and performances of the
test generator
The current source typically consists of a voltage
regulator (connected to the mains distribution network), a current transformer
and a circuit for the control of short duration application. The generator
shall be able to operate in continuous mode or short duration mode.
Specifications
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1 A to 100 A, divided by the coil factor
Output current range for short duration mode
operation:
300 A to 1000 A, divided by the coil factor
Total distortion factor of the output current:
less than 8 %
Set time for short duration mode operation:
1s to 3s
Note: The output current range, for the
standard coil is from 1.2 A to 120 A for continuous mode, and from 350 A to
1200 A for short duration mode.
The waveform of the output current is a sinusoid.
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6.1.2. Verification of the characteristics of
the test generator
In order to compare the results for different test
generators, the essential characteristics of the output current parameters
shall be verified.
The output current shall be verified with the
generator connected to the standard induction coil specified in 6.2.1.a; the
connection shall be realized by twisted conductors of up to 3m length and
suitable cross-section.
The emission of disturbances by the generator shall
be verified (see 6.1).
The characteristics to be verified are:
- Output current value;
- Total distortion factor.
The verifications shall be carried out with a
current probe and measurement instrumentation having ± 2% accuracy.
6.2. Induction coil
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The induction coil, connected to the test generator
previously defined (see 6.1.1), shall generate a field strength corresponding
to the selected test level and the defined homogeneity.
The induction coil shall be made of copper,
aluminum or any conductive non-magnetic material, of such cross-section and
mechanical arrangement as to facilitate its stable positioning during the
tests.
A same coil is suitable for the generation of the
magnetic fields considered in this standard; it may be a "single
turn" coil and shall have a suitable current capability, as may be
necessary for the selected test level.
Multi-turn coils may be used in order to have a
lower testing current.
Induction coil shall be adequately dimensioned to
surround the EUT (three orthogonal positions).
Depending on the size of the EUT, induction coils
of different dimensions may be used.
The dimensions recommended below are suitable for
the generation of magnetic fields over the whole volume of the EUT's (table-top
equipment or floor-standing equipment), with an acceptable variation of ± 3 dB.
The characteristics of induction coils in respect
of the magnetic field distribution are given in annex B.
a) Induction coil for table-top equipment
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The test volume of the standard square coil is 0.6
m ´ 0.6 m ´ 0.5 m (height).
A double coil of standard size (Helmholtz coil)
could be used in order to obtain a field homogeneity better than 3 dB or for
testing larger EUT's.
The double coil (Helmholtz coil) shall comprise of
two or more series of turns, properly spaced (see figure 6, figure B.4, figure
B.5).
The test volume of a double standard size coil, 0.8
m spaced, for a 3 dB homogeneity is 0.6 m ´ 0.6 m ´ 1 m (height).
For example, the Helmholtz coil, for a 0.2 dB
inhomogeneity, have dimensions and separation distances as given in figure 6.
b) Induction coil for floor-standing equipment
Induction coils shall be made according to the
dimensions of the EUT and the different field polarizations.
The coil shall be able to envelop the EUT; the coil
dimensions shall be such as to give a minimum distance of coil conductors to
EUT walls equal to 1/3 of the dimension of the EUT considered.
The coils shall be made of conductors of relatively
small cross-section.
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The test volume is determined by the testing area
of the coil (60% ´ 60% of each side) multiplied by a depth corresponding to 50
% of shorter side of the coil.
6.2.2. Calibration of the induction coil, coil
factor
In order to make it possible to compare the test
results from different test equipment, the induction coils shall be calibrated
in their operating condition, before conducting the test (without the EUT, in
free space condition).
An induction coil of the correct dimensions for the
EUT dimensions, shall be positioned at 1 m minimum distance from the wall of
the laboratory and any magnetic material, by using insulating supports, and
shall be connected to the test generator as prescribed in 6.1.2.
Appropriate magnetic field sensors shall be used to
verify the magnetic field strength generated by the induction coil.
The field sensor shall be positioned at the centre
of the induction coil (without the EUT) and with suitable orientation to detect
the maximum value of the field.
The current in the induction coil shall be adjusted
to the field strength specified by the test level.
The calibration shall be carried out at power
frequency.
The calibration procedure shall be carried out with
the test generator and induction coil.
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The coil factor gives the current value to be
injected in the coil to obtain the required test magnetic field (H/I).
Information on
the measurement of the test magnetic field is given in annex A.
6.3. Test and auxiliary
instrumentation
6.3.1. Test instrumentation
The test instrumentation includes the current
measuring system (sensors and instrument) for setting and measuring the current
injected in the induction coil.
Note: The termination networks, back filters,
etc. on power supply, control and signal lines that is part of the test set-up
for other tests may be maintained.
The current measuring system is a calibrated
current, measuring instrument, probe or shunt. The accuracy of the measurement
instrumentation shall be ± 2%.
6.3.2. Auxiliary instrumentation
The auxiliary instrumentation comprises a simulator
and any other instrument necessary for the operation and verification of the
EUT functional specifications.
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The test set-up comprises the following components:
- Ground (reference) plane (GRP);
- Equipment under test (EUT);
- Induction coil;
- Test generator.
Precautions shall be taken if the test magnetic
field may interfere with the test instrumentation and other sensitive equipment
in the vicinity of the test set-up.
Examples of test set-ups are given in the following
figures:
Figure 3: Example of test set-up for table-top
equipment
Figure 4: Example of test set-up for floor-standing
equipment.
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The ground plane (GPR) shall be placed in the
laboratory: the EUT and auxiliary test equipment shall be placed on it and
connected to it.
The ground plane shall be a non-magnetic metal
sheet (copper or aluminum) of 0.25 mm thickness; other metals may be used but
in this case they shall have 0.65 mm minimum thickness.
The minimum size of the ground plane is 1 m ´ 1 m.
The final size depends on the dimensions of the
EUT.
The ground plane shall be connected to the safety
earth system of the laboratory.
7.2. Equipment under test
The equipment is configured and connected to
satisfy its functional requirements. It shall be placed on the GRP with the
interposition of a 0.1 m thickness insulating support (e.g. dry wood).
The equipment cabinets shall be connected to the
safety earth directly on the GRP via the earth terminal of the EUT.
The power supply, input and output circuits shall
be connected to the sources of power supply, control and signal.
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The back filters, if any, shall be inserted in the
circuit at 1 m cable lengths from the EUT and connected to the ground plane.
The communication lines (data lines) shall be
connected to the EUT by the cables given in the technical specification or
standard for this application.
7.3. Test generator
The test generator shall be placed at less than 3 m
distance from the induction coil. One terminal of the generator shall be
connected to the ground plane as far as used.
7.4. Induction c;oil
The induction coil, of the type specified in 6.2.1,
shall enclose the EUT placed at its centre.
Different induction coils may be selected for
testing in the different orthogonal directions, according to the general
criteria specified in 6.2.1 a) and b).
Induction coils used in the vertical position
(horizontal polarization of the field) can be bonded (at the foot of one
vertical conductor) directly to the ground plane, which represents the low side
of the coil, as a part of it. In this case, 0.1 m minimum distance from EUT to
the ground plane is sufficient.
The induction coil shall be connected to the test
generator in the same way as for the calibration procedure specified in 6.2.2
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8. Test procedure
The test procedure shall include:
- Verification of the laboratory reference
conditions;
- Preliminary verification of the correct operation
of the equipment;
- Carrying out of the test;
- Evaluation of the test results.
8.1. Laboratory reference conditions
In order to minimize the effect of the
environmental parameters on the test results, the test shall be carried out in
climatic and electromagnetic reference conditions as specified in 8.1.1 and
8.1.2.
8.1.1. Climatic conditions
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- Temperature: 150C to 35oC;
- Relative humidity: 25% to 75%;
- Atmospheric pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa.
Note: Any other value may be given in the
product specifications.
8.1.2. Electromagnetic conditions
The electromagnetic conditions of the laboratory
shall be such to guarantee the correct operation of the EUT in order not to
influence the test results; otherwise, the tests shall be carried out in a
Faraday cage.
In particular, the electromagnetic field value of
the laboratory shall be at least 20 dB lower than the selected test level.
8.2. Carrying out the test
The test shall be carried out on the basis of a
test plan including verification of the performances of the EUT as defined in
the technical specification.
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If the actual operating signals are not available,
they may be simulated.
Preliminary verification of equipment performances
shall be carried out prior to applying the test magnetic field.
The test magnetic field shall be applied by the
immersion method to the EUT, previously set-up as specified in 7.2.
The test level shall not exceed the product specification.
Note: In order to detect the most susceptible
side/positions of the EUT, mainly of a stationary type, the proximity method
may be used for investigation purposes. This method is not to be used for
certification. An example of application of the test field by proximity method
in given in figure 5.
The test field strength and the duration of the
test shall be as determined by the selected test level, according to the
different type of field (continuous of short duration field) established in the
test plan.
a) Table-top equipment
The equipment shall be subjected to the test
magnetic field by using the induction coil of standard dimensions (1 m ´ 1 m)
specified in 6.2.1 a) and show in figure 3.
The induction coil shall then be rotated by 900
in order to expose the EUT to the test field with different orientations.
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The equipment shall be subjected to the test
magnetic field by using induction coils of suitable dimensions as specified in
6.2.1 b); the test shall be repeated by moving and shifting the induction
coils, in order to test the whole volume of the EUT for each orthogonal
direction.
The test shall be repeated with the coil shifted to
different positions along the side of the EUT, in steps corresponding to 50% of
the shortest side of the coil.
Note: The moving of the induction coil in steps
corresponding to 50% of the shortest side of the coil gives overlapping test
fields.
The induction coil shall then be rotated by 900
in order to expose the EUT to the test field with different orientations and
the same procedure.
9. Test results and test report
This clause gives a guide for the evaluation of the
test results and for the test report, related to this standard.
The variety and diversity of equipment and systems
to be tested make the task of establishing the effects of this test on
equipment and systems difficult.
The test results shall be classified on the basic
of the operating conditions and the functional specifications of the equipment
under test, as in the following, unless different specifications are given by
product committees or product specifications:
1) Normal performance within the specifications
limits;
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3) Temporary degradation or loss of function or
performance which requires operator intervention or system reset;
4) Degradation or loss of function which is not
recoverable due to damage of equipment (components) or software, or loss of
data.
Equipment shall not become dangerous or unsafe as a
result of the application of the tests defined in this standard.
In the case of acceptance tests, the test program
and the interpretation of the test results have to be described in the specific
product standard.
As general rule, the test result is positive if the
equipment shows its immunity, for all the period of application of the test,
and at the end of the tests the EUT fulfils the functional requirements
established in the technical specification.
The technical specification may define effects on
the EUT, that may be considered insignificant and therefore acceptable.
For these conditions it shall be verified that the
equipment is able to recover its operative capabilities by itself at the end of
the test; the time interval during which the equipment has lost its functional
capabilities shall be therefore recorded. These verifications are binding for
the definitive evaluation of the test result.
The test report shall include the test conditions
and the test results.
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Figure 1: Example
of application of the test field by the immersion method
Vr:
Voltage regulator
C:
Control circuit
Tc: Current
transformer
Figure 2:
Schematic circuit for the test generator for power frequency magnetic field
Figure 3: Example
of test set-up for table-top equipment
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References common to figure 3 and figure 4
GRP: Ground plane
C1: Power
supply circuit
A:
Safety earth
C2: Signal
circuit
S:
Insulating support
L:
Communication line
EUT: Equipment under test
B:
To power supply source
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D:
To signal source, simulator
E:
Earth terminal
G:
To the test generator
Figure 5: Example
of investigation of susceptibility to magnetic field by the proximity method
n:
Number of turns in each coil
a:
Separation of the coils
b:
Side of the coils (m)
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H:
Magnetic field strength (A/m)
H:
1.22 ´ n/b ´ I
(with a = b/2.5 the non-homogeneity of the
magnetic field strength is ± 0.2 dB)
Figure 6:
Illustration of Helmholtz coils
ANNEX A
(Normative)
INDUCTION COIL CALIBRATION METHOD
A.1. Magnetic field measurement
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The measurement of the magnetic field may be done
with a measurement system comprising of calibrated sensors e.g. a "Hall
effect" of multi-turn loop sensor with a diameter of at least one order of
magnitude smaller than the test induction coil and a power frequency narrow
band instrument.
A.2. Calibration of the induction coil
The calibration shall be carried out by injecting
the calibration current at power frequency in the induction coil and measuring
the magnetic field by sensors placed at its geometrical centre.
Proper orientation of the sensor shall be selected
in order to obtain the maximum value.
The "induction coil factor" shall be
determined for each induction coil as the ratio "field
strength/current" of injection (H/A).
The "coil factor", determined at a.c
current, is not related to the current waveform, because it is a characteristic
parameter of the induction coil; it is therefore applicable for the evaluation
of magnetic field at power frequency.
For standard dimension coil, the coil factor is
determined by the manufacturer of the coil, and can be verified by laboratory
measurements before carrying out the tests.
ANNEX B
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDUCTION COILS
B.1. General
This annex considers the problems of generation of
the test magnetic fields.
In the first stage, both the immersion and
proximity methods were considered.
In order to know the limits of application of such
methods, some questions have been emphasized.
In the following the reasons for the values are
explained.
B.2. Induction coil requirements
The requirements of the induction coil is "3
dB tolerance of the test field in the volume of the EUT"; this tolerance
has been considered a reasonable technical compromise in respect of a test
characterized by severity levels in 10 dB steps, due to practical limits in the
generation of constant field over a wide range of volumes.
The constancy of the field is a requirement limited
to a single direction, orthogonal to the coil plane. The field in different
directions is obtainable in successive test steps by rotating the induction
coil.
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The characteristics of induction coils of different
dimensions suitable for testing table-top equipment or floor standing equipment
are given in diagrams showing:
- Profile of the field generated by a square
induction coil (1 m side) in its plane (see figure B.1);
- 3 dB area of the field generated by a square
induction coil (1 m side) in its plane (see figure B.2);
- 3 dB area of the field generated by a square
induction coil (1 m side) in the mean orthogonal plane (component orthogonal to
the plane of the coil) (see figure B.3);
- 3 dB area of
the field generated by two square induction coils (1 m side) 0.6 m
spaced, in the mean orthogonal plane (component orthogonal to the plane of the
coils) (see figure B.4);
- 3 dB area of
the field generated by two square induction coils (1 m side) 0.8 m
spaced, in the mean orthogonal plane (component orthogonal to the plane of the
coils) (see figure B.5);
- 3 dB area of the field generated by a rectangular
induction coil (1 m ´ 2.6 m) in its plane (see figure B.6);
- 3 dB area of the field generated by a rectangular
induction coil (1 m ´ 2.6 m) in its plane (ground plane as a side of the
induction coil) (see figure B.7);
- 3 dB area of
the field generated by a rectangular induction coil (1 m ´ 2.6 m), with
ground plane, in the mean orthogonal plane (component orthogonal to the plane
of the coil) (see figure B.8).
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- The 3 dB area, inside and outside the induction
coil, is related to the shape and dimensions of the induction coil;
- For a given field strength, driving current
value, power and energy of the test generator are proportional to the
dimensions of the induction coil.
B.4. Summary of characteristics of induction
coils
On the basic of the data on the field distribution
of coils with different sizes, and in view of adopting the test method given in
this standard to different classes of equipment, the conclusions that can be
drawn are as follows:
- Single square
coil, 1 m side: testing volume 0.6 m ´ 0.6 m ´ 0.5 m high (0.2 m minimum
distance from EUT to the coil);
- Double square
coils, 1 m side, 0.6 spaced: testing volume 0.6 m ´ 0.6 m ´ 1 m high
(0.2 m minimum distance from EUT to the coil); increasing of the separation of
the coils up to 0.8 m, extends the maximum high of testable EUT (see the 3 dB
area, in the mean orthogonal plane) up to 1.2 m;
- Single rectangular coil, 1 m ´ 2.6 m: testing
volume 0.6 m ´ 0.6 m ´ 2 m high (0.2 and 0.3 m minimum distance from EUT to the
coil, respectively for the horizontal and vertical dimensions of EUT); if the
induction coil is bonded to the GRP, a 0.1 m distance from it is sufficient.
Figure B.1:
Characteristics of the field generated by a square induction coil (1 m side) in
its plane.
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Figure B.2: 3 dB
area of the field generated by a square induction coil (1 m side) in its plane.
Figure B.3: 3 dB
area of the field generated by a square induction coil (1 m side) in the mean
orthogonal plane (component orthogonal to the plane of the coil).
Figure B.4: 3 dB
area of the field generated by two square induction coils (1 m side) 0.6 m
spaced, in the mean orthogonal plane (component orthogonal to the plane of the
coils).
Figure B.5: 3 dB
area of the field generated by two square induction coils (1 m side) 0.8 m
spaced, in the mean orthogonal plane (component orthogonal to the plane of the
coils).
Figure B.6: 3 dB
area of the field generated by a rectangular induction coil (1 m ´ 2.6 m) in
its plane.
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Figure B.7: 3 dB
area of the field generated by a rectangular induction coil (1 m ´ 2.6 m) in
its plane (ground plane as a side of the induction coil).
Figure B.8: 3 dB
area of the field generated by a rectangular induction coil (1 m ´ 2.6 m) with
ground plane, in the mean orthogonal plane (component orthogonal to the plane
of the coil).
ANNEX C
(Informative)
SELECTION OF THE TEST LEVELS
The test levels shall be selected in accordance
with the most realistic installation and environmental conditions.
These levels are outlined in clause 5.
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The test level shall be chosen according to:
- The electromagnetic environment;
- The proximity of the disturbances sources to the
equipment concerned;
- The compatibility margins.
Based on common installation practices, a guide for
the selection of test levels for magnetic fields testing may be the following:
Class 1: Environmental level where sensitive
device using electron beam can be used.
Monitors, electron microscope, etc, are
representative of these devices.
Note: 90 % of the computer screens are submitted
to only 1 A/m. However, screens located near source of disturbance such as
transformers or power lines shall withstand higher levels to be set by product
committees (other measures can be necessary like moving screens away from these
sources).
Class 2: Well protected environment
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- Absence of electrical equipment like power
transformers that may give rise to leakage fluxes;
- Areas not subjected to the influence of H.V.
bus-bars.
Household, office, hospital protected areas far
away from earth protection conductors, areas of industrial installations and
H.V. sub-stations may be representative of this environment.
Class 3: Protected environment
The environment is characterized by the following
attributes:
- Electrical equipment and cables that may give
rise to leakage fluxes or magnetic field;
- Proximity of earth conductors of protection
systems;
- M.V. circuits and H.V. bus-bars far away (a few
hundred metres) from equipment concerned.
Commercial areas, control building, field of not
heavy industrial plants, computer room of H.V. sub-stations may be
representative of this environment.
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The environment is characterized by the following
attributes:
- Short branch power lines as bus-bars, etc;
- High power electrical equipment that may give
rise to leakage fluxes;
- Ground conductors of protection system;
- M.V. circuits and H.V. bus-bars at relative
distance (a few tens of metres) from equipment concerned.
Fields of heavy industrial and power plants and the
control room of H.V. sub-stations may be representative of this environment.
Class 5: Severe industrial environment
The environment is characterized by the following
attributes:
- Conductors, bus-bars or M.V., H.V. lines carrying
tens of kA;
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- Proximity of M.V. and H.V. bus-bars;
- Proximity of high power electrical equipment.
Switchyard areas of heavy industrial plants, M.V.,
H.V. and power stations may be representative of this environment
Class x: Special environment
The minor or major electromagnetic separation of
interference sources from equipment circuits, cables, lines etc., and the
quality of the installations may require the use of a higher or lower
environmental level than those described above.
It should be noted that the equipment lines of a
higher level can penetrate a lower severity environment.
ANNEX D
(Informative)
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Data on the strength of the magnetic field
considered are given below. Although not exhaustive, they may give information
on the field strength expected at different locations and/or situations.
Product committees may take them into account in the selection of the test
levels, strictly related to each specific application.
Data are limited to available bibliography and/or
measurements.
a) Household appliances
A survey on the
magnetic fields produced by about 100 different appliances of 25 basic types is
given in table D.1. The field strength is related to the surfaces of appliances
(it is quite localized) and at greater distances. At a distance of 1 m or more
it would vary from the maximum expected field at that distance by only 10% to
20% when measured in any direction from the appliance. Background magnetic
field in the homes where appliances were measured ranged from 0.05 A/m to 0.1
A/m.
The faults in domestic low-voltage power lines
gives field strength higher than specified, depending on the short circuit
current of each installation; the duration is in the order of hundreds ms, depending
on the protection devices installed.
Table D.1: Values
of the maximum magnetic field produced by household appliances (results of the
measurements of 100 different devices of 25 basic types).
Distance from
the surface of the device
d = 0.3 m
d = 1.5 m
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Highest measurements
0.03 A/m - 10 A/m
21 A/m
< 0.1 A/m
0.4 A/m
b) High voltage lines
Because the magnetic field is dependent on the line
configuration, load and fault conditions, the field profile may be more significant
to determine the electromagnetic environment to which equipment may be exposed.
General information on the environment produced by
high voltage lines is given in IEC 1000-2-3.
The quantitative survey of the actual field
measurement is given in table D.2.
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Under the line
tower
Under a mid
span section
At 30 m lateral
distance
10 A/m/kA
16 A/m/kA
about 1/3 of
previous values
c) H.V. sub-station area
The quantitative survey of the actual field
measurements related to 220 kV and 400 kV high voltage sub-stations area is
given in table D.3.
Table D.3 -
Values of the magnetic field in high voltage sub-station areas
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220 kV
400 kV
Under the bus-bars near connection to a line
carrying about 0.5 kA
14 A/m
9 A/m
In the relay room (kiosk)
Near event recorders at about 0.5 m distance: 3.3
A/m
Near measurement voltage transformer:
d = 0.1 m: 7.0 A/m
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In the equipment room
Maximum 0.7 A/m
d) Power plants and industrial plants
Measurements were carried out at different areas of
a power plant; most of them are comparable, for the kind of power supply lines and
electrical equipment, to industrial plants.
The survey of the actual field measurement is given
in table D.4
Table D.4: Values
of the magnetic field in power plants
Source of
magnetic field
Field (A/m) at
a distance of:
0.3 m
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1 m
1.5 m
Medium voltage bus-bars carrying 2.2 kA (*)
14 - 85
13.5 - 71
8.5 - 35
5.7
190 MVA, MV/HV transformer, 50% load
-
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6.4
-
6 kV cells (*)
8 - 13
6.5 - 9
3.5 - 4.3
2 - 2.4
6 kV twisted power cables
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-
-
6 MVA pumps (at full load, 0.65 kA)
26
15
7
-
600 kVA, MV/LV transformer
14
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4.4
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Control building, multipoint paper recorder
10.7
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-
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Control room, far away from sources
0.9
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Bạn phải
đăng nhập hoặc
đăng ký Thành Viên
TVPL Pro để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.
Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:
ĐT: (028) 3930 3279 DĐ: 0906 22 99 66