QCVN 53:2019/BGTVT
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON THE BURNING BEHAVIOUR OF
MATERIALS USED IN THE INTERIOR STRUCTURE OF CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF MOTOR
VEHICLES
Foreword
QCVN 53:2019/BGTVT is
prepared by Vietnam Register, appraised by the Department of Science and
Technology and promulgated by the Ministry of Transport together with the
Circular No. 26/2019/TT-BGTVT dated August 01, 2019.
QCVN 53:2019/BGTVT
replaces QCVN 53:2013/BGTVT.
QCVN 52:2019/BGTVT is
prepared on the basis of QCVN 33:2011/BGTVT and in reference to UNECE No. 118
Revision 3 Amendment 4 (03 series) - Date of entry into force: October 10,
2017.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON THE BURNING BEHAVIOUR OF
MATERIALS USED IN THE INTERIOR STRUCTURE OF CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF MOTOR
VEHICLES
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1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This
Regulation provides for burning behaviour of and test methods for structure
materials used in the interior structure of certain categories of motor
vehicles having a maximum mass exceeding 5 tonnes and having seat capacity of
22 persons or more (including the driver) (hereinafter referred to as “motor
vehicles”).
1.1.2 This
Regulation does not apply to materials used in the interior structure of
certain categories of urban buses defined in TCVN 6211 “Road vehicles -
Types - Terms and definitions”; does not apply to materials used in the
interior structure of certain categories of motor vehicles used for national
defence and security purposes.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies
to manufacturers and importers of materials used in the interior structure of
vehicles (hereinafter referred to as “materials”); manufacturers, assemblers,
importers and organizations related to management, testing and inspection of
technical and environmental safety.
1.3 Definitions
1.3.1 “interior compartment”
means the space for occupant accommodation bounded by the roof,
floor, rear compartment bulkhead, or the plane of the rear seat; side walls,
doors and outside glazing.
1.3.2 “production
materials” means products, in the form of bulk materials or preformed
components, supplied to a manufacturer for incorporation in a vehicle type
approved under this Regulation.
1.3.3 “seat” means a
structure which may or may not be integral with the vehicle structure, complete
with trim, intended to seat one adult person. The term covers both an
individual seat or part of a bench seat intended to seat one adult person.
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1.3.5 “bench seat” means a
structure complete with trim, intended to seat more than one adult person.
1.3.6 “material
installed in a vertical position” means materials installed in the interior
compartment of the vehicle such that its slope exceeds 15 per cent from the
horizontal when the vehicle is at its mass in running order and it is standing
on a smooth and horizontal ground surface.
1.3.7 “material
installed in a horizontal position” means materials
installed in the interior compartment of the vehicle such that its slope does
not exceed 15 per cent from the vertical when the vehicle is at its mass in
running order and it is standing on a smooth and horizontal ground surface.
1.3.8 “Type of a
material” means components which do not differ in such essential respects as:
(a) The manufacturer's type designation;
(b) The intended use (seat upholstery, roof lining,
insulation, etc.)
(c) The base material(s) (e. g. wool, plastic,
rubber, blended materials);
(d) The number of layers (in the case of composite
materials);
(dd) Other characteristics in so far as they have an
appreciable effect on the performance prescribed in this Regulation.
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1.3.10 “composite
material” means a material composed of several layers of
similar or different materials intimately held together at their surfaces by
cementing, bonding, cladding, welding, etc. When different
materials are connected together intermittently (for example, by sewing,
high-frequency welding, riveting), such materials shall not be considered as
composite materials.
1.3.11 “exposed face” means the side
of a material which is facing towards the passenger compartment when the
material is mounted in the vehicle.
1.3.12 “upholstery” means the
combination of interior padding and surface finish material which together
constitute the cushioning of the seat frame.
1.3.13 “interior
lining(s)” means material(s) that (together) constitute(s) the surface
finish and substrate of a roof, wall or floor.
2. TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Requirements for
materials used in vehicles
2.1.1 The materials
used in the interior compartment shall comply with the requirements set out in
2.2 of this Regulation.
2.1.2 The materials
used in the interior compartment shall be so installed as to minimize the risk
of flame development and flame propagation.
2.1.3 Any adhesive
agent used to affix the interior material to its supporting structure shall
not, as far as possible, exacerbate the burning behaviour of the material.
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2.2.1 The following
materials shall undergo the test described in Annex A to this Regulation:
2.2.1.1 Material(s)
installed in a horizontal position in the interior compartment;
2.2.1.2 The result of
the test shall be considered satisfactory if, taking the worst test results
into account, the horizontal burning rate is not more than 100 mm/minute or if
the flame extinguishes before reaching the last measuring point. Materials
fulfilling the requirements of paragraph 2.2.3. are considered to fulfil the
requirements in this paragraph.
2.2.2 The following
materials shall undergo the test described in Annex B to this Regulation:
2.2.2.1 Material(s)
and composite material(s) installed more than 500 mm above the seat cushion and
in the roof of the vehicle;
2.2.2.2 The result of
the test shall be considered satisfactory if, taking the worst test results
into account, no drop is formed which ignites the cotton wool.
2.2.3 The following
materials shall undergo the test described in Annex C to this Regulation:
2.2.3.1 Material(s)
and composite material(s) installed in a vertical position in the interior
compartment;
2.2.3.2 The result of
the test shall be considered satisfactory if, taking the worst test results
into account, the vertical burning rate is not more than 100 mm/minute or if
the flame extinguishes before the destruction of one of the first marker
threads occurred.
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2.2.4.1 Parts made of
metal or glass.
2.2.4.2 Each
individual seat accessory with a mass of non-metallic material less than 200 g.
If the total mass of these accessories exceeds 400 g of nonmetallic material
per seat, then each material must be tested.
2.2.4.3 Elements of
which the surface area or the volume does not exceed respectively:
(a) 100 cm2
or 40 cm3 for the elements which are connected to an individual
seating place;
(b) 300 cm2
or 120 cm3 per seat row and, at a maximum, per linear metre of the
interior of the interior compartment for these elements which are distributed
in the vehicle and which are not connected to an individual seating place.
2.2.4.4 Elements for
which it is not possible to extract a sample in the prescribed dimensions as
specified in paragraph A.3.1. of Annex A, paragraph B.3.1 of Annex B and
paragraph C.3.1 of Annex C to this Regulation.
3. REGULATORY
REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Inspection and
testing methods
Vehicles and/or
materials manufactured, assembled and imported shall undergo inspection and
testing according to the Circular No. 30/2011/TT-BGTVT; Circular No.
54/2014/TT-BGTVT; Circular No. 31/2011/TT-BGTVT; Circular No.
55/2014/TT-BGTVT; Circular No. 03/2018/TT-BGTVT; and Circular
No. 25/2019/TT-BGTVT.
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When applying for tests,
vehicle manufacturers, assemblers and importers; material manufacturers and
importers shall provide the testing facility with technical documentation and
test samples as prescribed in 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 of this Regulation.
3.2.1 Requirements for
technical documentation
The information document
for component shall contain at least:
(a) Material(s) intended
for;
(b) Base material(s);
(c) Composite/single
material, number of layers (if any);
(d) Maximum/minimum thickness;
(dd) Location of
installation of material(s).
3.2.2 Requirements for
test samples
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3.3 Test report
The
testing facility shall prepare a test report containing the contents specified
in this Regulation.
3.4 Application of regulations
In the cases where any
of the documents referred to in this Regulation is amended or replaced, the
newest one shall apply.
4. IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Responsibility of
Vietnam Register
Vietnam Register has the
responsibility to organize the implementation of this Regulation.
4.2 Roadmap for
implementation
4.2.1 This
Regulation shall immediately apply from its effective date.
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(a) They are not required
to be tested again if no additional technical specifications are laid down
under QCVN 53:2019/BGTVT;
(b) 2 years from the
effective date of this Regulation, they are required to undergo a test if any
additional technical specification is laid down under QCVN 53:2019/BGTVT.
Annex A
Test to determine the horizontal burning rate of materials
A.1 Sampling method
A.1.1 Five samples shall undergo the test in the case
of an isotropic material or ten samples in the case of a non-isotropic material
(five for each direction).
A.1.2 The samples
shall be taken from the material under test. In materials having
different burning rates in different material directions, each direction has to
be tested. The samples are to be taken and placed in the test apparatus so that
the highest burning rate will be measured. When the material is supplied in
widths, a length of at least 500 mm shall be cut covering the entire width.
From this the samples shall be taken so as to be at least 100 mm from the
material edge and equidistant from each other. Samples shall be taken in the
same way from finished products, when the shape of the product permits. When
the thickness of the product is more than 13 mm, it shall be reduced to 13 mm
by a mechanical process applied to the side which does not face the respective
compartment (interior, engine or separate heating compartment). If it is
impossible, the test shall be carried out, in accordance with the Technical
Service, on the initial thickness of the material, which shall be mentioned in
the test report.
Composite materials
shall be tested as if they were of uniform construction. In the case of
materials made of superimposed layers of different composition which are not
composite materials, all the layers of material included within a depth of 13
mm from the surface facing towards the respective compartment shall be tested
individually
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A.2 Apparatus
A.2.1 Combustion
chamber (Figure 1), preferably of stainless steel and having the dimensions
given in Figure 2. The front of the chamber contains a flame-resistant
observation window, which may cover the front and which can be constructed as
an access panel.
The bottom of the
chamber has vent holes, and the top has a vent slot all around. The combustion
chamber is placed on four feet, 10 mm high.
The chamber may have a
hole at one end for the introduction of the sample holder containing the
sample; in the opposite end, a hole is provided for the gas line. Melted
material is caught in a pan (see Figure A.3) which is placed on the bottom of
the chamber between vent holes without covering any vent hole area.
Figure A.1: Example of
combustion chamber with sample holder and drip tray
Dimensions in millimetres
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Dimensions in millimetres
Figure A.3: Typical drip pan
A.2.2 Sample
holder, consisting of two U-shaped metal plates or frames of corrosion-proof
material. Dimensions are given in Figure A.4.
The lower plate is
equipped with pins, the upper one with corresponding holes in order to ensure a
consistent holding of the sample. The pins also serve as the measuring points
at the beginning and end of the burning distance.
A support shall be
provided in the form of 0.25 mm diameter heat resistant wires spanning the
frame at 25 mm intervals over the bottom U-shaped frame (see Figure A.5).
The plane of the lower
side of samples shall be 178 mm above the floor plate. The distance of the
front edge of the sample holder from the end of the chamber shall be 22 mm; the
distance of the longitudinal sides of the sample holder from the sides of the
chamber shall be 50 mm (all inside dimensions). (See Figures A.1 and A.2).
Dimensions in millimetres
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Dimensions in millimetres
Figure A.5: Example of section of lower U-frame design for
wire support facility
A.2.3 Gas burner
The small ignition
source is provided by a Bunsen burner having an inside diameter of 9.5 ± 0.5
mm. It is located in the test cabinet so that the centre of its nozzle is 19 mm
below the centre of the bottom edge of the open end of the sample (see Figure
A.2).
A.2.4 Test gas
The gas supplied to the
burner shall have a calorific value near 38 MJ/m3 (for example
natural gas).
A.2.5 Metal comb,
at least 110 mm in length, with seven to eight smooth rounded teeth per 25 mm.
A.2.6 Stop-watch,
accurate to 0.5 seconds.
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The combustion chamber
may be placed in a fume cupboard assembly provided that the internal volume is
at least 20 times, but not more than 110 times, greater than the volume of the
combustion chamber and provided that no single height, width, or length
dimension of the fume cupboard is greater than 2.5 times either of the other
two dimensions. Before the test, the vertical velocity of the air through the
fume cupboard shall be measured 100 mm in front of and behind the final
position where the combustion chamber will be located. It shall be between 0.10
and 0.30 m/s in order to avoid possible discomfort, by combustion products, to
the operator. It is possible to use a fume cupboard with a natural ventilation
and an appropriate air velocity.
A.3 Samples
A.3.1 Shape and dimensions
A.3.1.1 The shape and
dimensions of samples are given in Figure A.6. The thickness of the sample
corresponds to the thickness of the product to be tested. It shall not
be more than 13 mm. When taking the sample permits, the sample shall have a
constant section over its entire length.
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure A.6. Sample
A.3.1.2 If the shape
and dimensions of a product do not permit taking a sample of the given size,
the following minimum dimensions shall be maintained:
(a) For samples having a width of 3 to 60 mm, the
length shall be 356 mm. In this case the material is tested in the product's
width;
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A.3.1.3 The size of
the sample shall be mentioned in the test report.
A.3.2 Conditioning
The samples shall be
conditioned for at least 24 hours but not more than 7 days at a temperature of
23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 per cent and shall be maintained
under these conditions until immediately prior to testing.
A.4 Procedure
A.4.1 Place samples
with napped or tufted surfaces on a flat surface and comb twice against the nap
using the comb (paragraph A.2.5.).
A.4.2 Place the
sample in the sample holder (paragraph A.2.2.) so that the exposed side will be
downwards to the flame.
A.4.3 Adjust the
gas flame to a height of 38 mm using the mark in the chamber, the air intake of
the burner being closed. Before starting the first test, the flame shall
burn at least for 1 min for stabilization.
A.4.4 Push the
sample-holder into the combustion chamber so that the end of the sample is
exposed to the flame, and after 15 seconds cut off the gas flow.
A.4.5 The
measurement of the burning time starts at the moment when the foot of the flame
passes the first measuring point. Observe the flame propagation on the side
burning faster than the other (upper or lower side).
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A.4.7 In so far as
the sample does not ignite or does not continue burning after the burner has
been extinguished, or when the flame extinguishes before reaching the first
measuring point, so that no burning time is measured note in the test report
that the burning rate is 0 mm/min.
A.4.8 When running
a series of tests or repeat tests, ensure that the combustion chamber and
sample holder have a maximum temperature of 30 °C before starting the next
test.
A.5 Calculation
The burning rate, B, in
millimetres per minute, is given by the formula:
B = 60 S/t
where:
S - the burnt distance,
in millimetres;
t - the time, in
seconds, to burn distances.
The burning rate (B) for
each sample is only calculated in the case where the flame reaches the last
measuring point or the end of the sample.
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Annex B
Test to determine the melting behaviour of materials
B.1 Sampling method
B.1.1 Four samples,
for both faces (if they are not identical) shall undergo the test.
B.1.2 A sample is
placed in a horizontal position and is exposed to an electric radiator. A receptacle
is positioned under the specimen to collect the resultant drops. Some cotton
wool is put in this receptacle in order to verify if any drop is flaming.
B.2 Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist
of (Figure B.1):
(a) An electric
radiator;
(b) A support for the
sample with grill;
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(d) A support (for the
apparatus).
B.2.1 The source of
heat is an electric radiator with a useful output of 500 W. The radiating
surface must be made of a transparent quartz plate with a diameter of 100 + 5
mm.
The radiated heat from
the apparatus, measured on a surface which is situated parallel to the surface
of the radiator at a distance of 30 mm, shall be 3 W/cm2.
B.2.2 The support
for the samples shall be a metallic ring (Figure B.1). On top of this support a
grill, made of stainless steel-wire, is placed with the following dimensions:
(a) Interior diameter:
118 mm;
(b) Dimension of the
holes: 2.10 mm square;
(c) Diameter of the
steel-wire: 0.70 mm.
B.2.3 The
receptacle shall consist of a cylindrical tube with an interior diameter of 118
mm and a depth of 12 mm. The receptacle shall be filled with cotton
wool.
B.2.4 A vertical
column shall support the items specified in paragraphs B.2.1, B.2.2 and B.2.3
of this Appendix.
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A lever/pedal shall be
provided in the column to lift the support of the radiator slowly. It shall
also be provided with a catch in order to ensure that the radiator can be
brought back in its normal position.
In their normal
position, the axes of the radiator, the support for the sample and the
receptacle shall coincide.
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure B.1. Apparatus for determination of the melting
behaviour of materials
B.3 Samples
B.3.1 The test
samples shall measure: 70 mm x 70 mm. Samples shall be taken in the same way
from finished products, when the shape of the product permits. When the
thickness of the product is more than 13 mm, it shall be reduced to 13 mm by a
mechanical process applied to the side which does not face the passenger
compartment. If it is impossible, the test shall be carried out, in accordance
with the Technical Service, on the initial width of the material which shall be
mentioned in the test report. The size and the mass of the sample shall be
mentioned in the test report.
B.3.2 Composite
materials shall be tested as if they were of uniform construction.
B.3.3 In the case
of materials made of superimposed layers of different composition which are not
composite materials, all the layers of material included within a depth of 13
mm from the surface facing towards the respective passenger compartment shall
be tested individually.
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B.3.5 If the two faces of the material differ, both
faces must be tested, which means that eight samples are to be tested. The samples
and the cotton wool shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours at a temperature
23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 per cent and shall be maintained
under these conditions until immediately prior to testing.
B.4 Procedure
B.4.1 The sample is
placed on the support and the latter is so positioned that the distance between
the surface of the radiator and the upper side of the sample is 30 mm.
B.4.2 The
receptacle, including the cotton wool, is placed beneath the grill of the
support at a distance of 300 mm.
B.4.3 The radiator
is put aside, so that it cannot radiate on the sample, and switched on. When it is
on full capacity it is positioned above the sample and timing is started.
B.4.4 If the
material melts or deforms, the height of the radiator is modified to maintain
the distance of 30 mm.
B.4.5 If the material
ignites, the radiator is put aside three seconds afterwards. It is
brought back in position when the flame has extinguished and the same procedure
is repeated as frequently as necessary during the first five minutes of the
test.
After the fifth minute
of the test:
(a) If the sample has
extinguished (whether or not it has ignited during the first five minutes of
the test) leave the radiator in position even if the sample reignites;
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B.5 Results
Observed phenomena shall
be noted in the test-report, such as:
(a) No fall of drops;
(b) Fall of drops,
ignition of the cotton wool has not taken place;
(c) Fall of drops,
ignition of the cotton wool has taken place
Annex C
Test to determine the vertical burning rate of materials
C.1 Sampling method
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C.1.2 This test
consists of exposing samples, held in a vertical position, to a flame and
determining the speed of propagation of the flame over the material to be
tested.
C.2 Apparatus
The apparatus shall
consist of:
(a) A specimen holder;
(b) A burner;
(c) A ventilation system
to extract gas and combustion products;
(d) A template;
(e) Marker threads of
white mercerized cotton threads having a maximum linear density of 50 tex.
C.2.1 The specimen
holder shall consist of a rectangular frame of 560 mm high and shall have two
rigidly connected parallel rods spaced 150 mm apart on which pins shall be
fitted for mounting the test specimen which is located in a plane at least 20
mm from the frame. The mounting pins shall be not greater than 2 mm in
diameter and at least 27 mm long. The pins shall be located on the parallel
rods at locations shown in Figure C.1. The frame shall be fitted onto a
suitable support to maintain the rods in a vertical orientation during testing.
For the purpose of locating the specimen on the pins in a plane away from the
frame, spacer stubs 2 mm in diameter may be provided adjacent to the pins.
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To fix the sample in a
vertical position, a support may be provided consisting of 0.25 mm diameter
heat resistant wires that horizontally span the sample at 25 mm intervals along
the complete height of the specimen holder. Alternatively, the sample may be
fixed by additional clamps to the specimen holder.
C.2.2 The burner is
described in Figure C.3.
The gas supplied to the
burner can be either commercial propane gas or commercial butane gas.
The burner shall be positioned
in front of, but below, the specimen such that it lies in a plane passing
through the vertical centreline of the specimen and perpendicular to its face
(see Figure C.2), such that the longitudinal axis is inclined upwards at 30° to
the vertical towards the lower edge of the specimen. The distance between the
tip of the burner and the lower edge of the specimen shall be 20 mm.
C.2.3 The test
apparatus may be placed in a fume cupboard assembly. The size and shape of the
fume cupboard shall be such that the test results are not affected. Before the
test, the vertical velocity of the air through the fume cupboard shall be
measured 100 mm in front of and behind the final position where the combustion
chamber will be located. It shall be between 0.10 and 0.30 m/s in order to
avoid possible discomfort, by combustion products, to the operator. It is
possible to use a fume cupboard with a natural ventilation and an appropriate
air velocity.
C.2.4 A flat rigid
template made of suitable material and of a size corresponding to the size of
the specimen shall be used. Holes approximately 2 mm in diameter shall be
drilled in the template and positioned so that the distances between the
centres of the holes correspond to the distances between the pins on the frames
(see Figure C.1). The holes shall be located equidistant about the vertical
centrelines of the template.
C.3 Samples
C.3.1 The samples
dimensions are: 560 x 170 mm.
If the dimensions of a
material do not permit taking a sample of the given dimensions the test shall
be carried out taking a sample having the dimensions of at least 380 mm in
height and at least 3 mm in width.
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C.3.3 The samples
shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and
a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 per cent and shall be maintained under these
conditions until immediately prior to testing.
C.3.4 The size of
the sample shall be mentioned in the test report.
C.4 Procedure
C.4.1 The test
shall be carried out in an atmosphere having a temperature between 10 °C and 30
°C and a relative humidity between 15 per cent and 80 per cent.
C.4.2 The burner
shall be preheated for 2 minutes. The flame height shall be adjusted to 40 ± 2
mm measured as the distance between the top of the burner tube and the tip of
the yellow part of the flame when the burner is vertically oriented and the
flame is viewed in dim light.
C.4.3 The specimen
shall be placed on the pins of the test frame, making certain that the pins
pass through the points marked off from the template and that the specimen is
at least 20 mm removed from the frame. The frame shall be fitted on the support
so that the specimen is vertical.
C.4.4 The marker
threads shall be attached horizontally in front of and behind the specimen at
the locations shown in Figure C.1. At each location, a loop of thread shall be
mounted so that the two segments are spaced 1 mm and 5 mm from the front and
rearface of the specimen.
Each loop shall be
attached to a suitable timing device. Sufficient tension shall be imposed to
the threads to maintain their position relative to the specimen.
C.4.5 The flame
shall be applied to the specimen for 5 seconds. Ignition shall be deemed to
have occurred if flaming of the specimen continues for 5 seconds after removal
of the igniting flame. If ignition does not occur, the flame shall be
applied for 15 seconds to another conditioned specimen.
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C.4.7 The following
times, in seconds, shall be measured:
(a) From the start of
the application of the igniting flame to the severance of one of the first
marker threads (t1);
(b) From the start of
the application of the igniting flame to the severance of one the second marker
threads (t2);
(c) From the start of
the application of the igniting flame to the severance of one the third marker
threads (t3).
C.4.8 If the sample
does not ignite or does not continue burning after the burner has been
extinguished or if the flame extinguishes before the destruction of one of the
first marker threads occurred, so that no burning time is measured, the burning
rate is considered to be 0 mm/min.
C.4.9 If the sample
does ignite and the flames of the burning sample do reach the height of the
third marker threads without destroying the first and second marker threads
(e.g. due to material characteristics of thin material sample), the burning
rate is considered to be more than 100 mm/min.
C.5 Results
The observed phenomena
shall be written down in the test-report, to include:
(a) The durations of
combustion: t1, t2 and t3 in seconds;
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The burning rate V1 and
the rates V2 and V3, if applicable, shall be calculated (for each sample if the
flame reaches at least one of the first marker threads) as follows:
V1 = 60 d1/t1 (mm/s)
The highest burning rate
of V1, V2 and V3 shall be taken into account.