THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF VIETNAM
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SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence – Freedom – Happiness
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Law No. 32/2024/QH15
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Hanoi, January 18, 2024
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LAW
CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
Pursuant to the
Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam;
The National Assembly
promulgates the Law on Credit Institutions.
Chapter I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1. Scope
This Law provides for
establishment, organization, operation, early intervention, special control,
reorganization, dissolution and bankruptcy of credit institutions;
establishment, organization, operation, early intervention, dissolution and
termination of operations of branches of foreign banks; establishment and
operation of representative offices in Vietnam of foreign credit institutions
and other foreign institutions performing banking operations; settlement of bad
debts and collateral of bad debts of credit institutions, branches of foreign
banks and wholly state-owned organizations authorized to buy, sell and settle
debts.
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1. Credit institutions.
2. Foreign bank branches.
3. Representative offices
in Vietnam of foreign credit institutions and other foreign institutions
performing banking operations (hereinafter referred to as “foreign
representative offices”).
4. Wholly state-owned
organizations authorized to purchase, sell and settle debts (hereinafter
referred to as “bad debt purchasers/managers”)
5. Agencies,
organizations and individuals involved in establishment, organization,
operation, early intervention, special control, reorganization, dissolution and
bankruptcy of credit institutions; establishment, organization, operation,
early intervention, dissolution and termination of operations of branches of
foreign banks; establishment and operation of foreign representative offices;
settlement of bad debts and collateral of bad debts of credit institutions,
foreign bank branches and bad debt purchasers/managers.
Article 3. Application
of commercial practices
Organizations and
individuals engaged in banking operations are entitled to reach agreement on
application of commercial practices, including:
1. International
commercial practices provided by the International Chamber of Commerce;
2. Other commercial
practices which are not contrary to the Vietnamese law.
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In this Law, the terms
below are construed as follows:
1. “Factoring” means
a form of extension of credit by purchasing accounts receivable from a seller
or giving an advance on behalf of a purchaser under a sale contract or service
contract between the seller and the purchaser.
2. ”Bank guarantee” means
a form of credit extension to a client whereby a credit institution or foreign
bank’s branch undertakes to act on behalf of the obligor to fulfill their
financial obligations to the obligee in the event the obligor fails to fulfill
or insufficiently fulfills their obligations as agreed; the client shall have
the obligation to repay the debt to the credit institution or the foreign
bank’s branch as agreed.
3. “Early
intervention” means that the State Bank of Vietnam (hereinafter referred to
as “State Bank”) imposes requirements and restrictions on a credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch and requests such credit institution or foreign bank’s
branch to implement a remedial plan under the supervision of the State Bank of
Vietnam in order to deal with the situations specified in Clause 1 Article 156
of this Law.
4. “Credit extension”
means an agreement that allows an organization or individual to use a sum of
money or a commitment to allow use of a sum of money on the repayment principle
by lending, discounting, finance lease, factoring, bank guarantee, letter of
credit or another credit extension operation.
5. “Foreign bank’s
branch means a business organization that is not a juridical person and is
also a foreign bank's subsidiary. The foreign bank is liable for all of the
branch's obligations and commitments in Vietnam.
6. “Discounting” means
a form of credit extension by purchase of on a definite term or purchase of the
right to collect negotiable instruments and other valuable papers of
beneficiaries prior to their due date.
7. “Lending” means
a form of credit extension whereby the lender gives or commits to give the
borrower a sum of money for use for a specific purpose in a certain period on
the principle of payment of both principal and interest as agreed.
8. “Major shareholder”
means a shareholder of a credit institution that is joint-stock company.
This shareholder owns 05% or more of the voting shares of that credit
institution, including voting shares indirectly owned by such shareholder.
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a) The credit institution
or the credit institution and its related persons owns/own over 50% of the
charter capital or voting shares of that company;
b) The credit institution
has the right to appoint a majority or all of members of the Board of Directors
or the Board of Members or the Director General (Director) of the company;
c) The credit institution
has the right to amend the Charter of the company;
d) The credit institution
or the credit institution and its related persons directly or indirectly
controls/control the ratification of resolutions and decisions of the Board of
Members or General Meeting of Shareholders or the Board of Directors of the
company.
10. “Controlling
company” means a company that directly or indirectly owns more than 20% of
charter capital of a commercial bank or has the control over a commercial bank,
or a commercial bank that has subsidiaries or associate companies.
11. “Associate
company” of a credit institution means a company in which the credit
institution or the credit institution and its related persons owns/own over 11%
of the charter capital or voting shares. However, the company is not a
subsidiary of that credit institution.
12. “Specialized
finance company” means a type of non-bank credit institution whose main
activities fall within one of the fields of factoring, buyer credit, finance
lease according to regulations of this Law.
13. “General finance
company” means a type of non-bank credit institution that carries out
activities as prescribed in Section 3 Chapter V of this Law.
14. “Provision of
account-to-account (A2A) payment services” means provision of payment
instrument; provision of service of payment by check, payment order, collection
order, bank card or another payment service for each client via their account.
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16. “Credit
institution's capital contribution or share purchase” means a credit
institution's contribution of capital or entrustment of capital to another
institution for contribution of capital to form the charter capital; purchase
of shares of an enterprise or another credit institution, including receipt or
purchase of shares or stakes of an enterprise or another credit institution;
allocation or contribution of capital to a subsidiary or an associate company
of the credit institution; or contribution of capital to an investment fund.
17. ”Banking
operations” mean trade in and regular provision of one or some of the
following services:
a) Deposit receipt;
b) Credit extension;
c) Provision of A2A
payment services.
18. Investment by
capital contribution or share purchase for acquisition of the right to control
an enterprise includes investment accounting for over 50% of the charter
capital or voting share capital of an enterprise or another investment
sufficient to control decisions made by the Board of Members or General Meeting
of Shareholders.
19. ”Special control” means
a situation in which the State Bank decides that a credit institution is put
under direct control of the State Bank.
20. “Money brokerage” means
provision of intermediary services with fee collection for arrangement for
performance of banking operations and other business activities between credit
institutions and branches of foreign banks according to regulations of this
Law.
21. “Bank” means a
credit institution which may conduct all banking operations under this Law. Banks
include commercial banks, policy banks and cooperative banks.
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23. “Commercial bank” means
a type of bank which may conduct all banking operations and other business
activities under this Law for profit purposes.
24. “Related person” means
an organization or individual that has a direct or indirect relation with
another organization or individual in any of the following cases:
a) Parent company with
subsidiary and vice versa; parent company with sub-subsidiary and vice versa;
credit institution with its subsidiary and vice versa; credit institution with
its sub-subsidiary and vice versa; among subsidiaries of a parent company or
credit institution; among sub-subsidiaries of a subsidiary of a parent company
or credit institution; managers, controllers or members of the Board of
Controllers of a parent company or credit institution, and individual or
organization competent to appoint these persons with a subsidiary and vice
versa;
b) Company or credit
institution with its managers, controllers or members of the Board of
Controllers, or with company or organization competent to appoint these persons
and vice versa;
c) Company or credit
institution with organization or individual that owns 5% or more of the charter
capital or voting share capital of that company or credit institution and vice
versa;
d) Individual with
his/her spouse; natural father/mother, foster father/mother, stepfather,
stepmother, father-in-law, mother-in-law; natural/foster child, stepchild,
daughter-in-law, son-in-law; sibling; half-sibling; brother/sister-in-law of
the sibling or half-sibling (hereinafter referred to as “spouse, father,
mother, child or sibling”); maternal grandfather/grandmother, paternal
grandfather/grandmother; maternal/paternal grandchild; and maternal/paternal
aunt, uncle and nibbling;
dd) Company or credit
institution with individual defined at Point d of this Clause, with manager,
controller, member of the Board of Controllers, capital contributor or
shareholder owning 5% or more of the charter capital or voting share capital of
that company or credit institution and vice versa;
e) Individual authorized
to act as a representative of an organization or individual's stake specified
at Points a, b, c, d and dd of this Clause with authorizing organization or
individual; individuals authorized to act as representatives of stakes of an
institution;.
g) Other juridical
persons and individuals that pose risks to the operation of the credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch, defined according to the rules and
regulations of the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch or specified in
writing by the State Bank of Vietnam through inspection or supervision;
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25. “Executives” of
a credit institution include the Director General (Director), Deputy
Director General (Deputy Director), Chief Accountant, branch director and
holders of other equivalent titles defined in the credit institution's Charter.
26. “Managers” of
a credit institution include President, members of the Board of Directors;
President, members of the Board of Members; Director General (Director) and
holders of other managerial titles defined in the credit institution's Charter.
27. “Deposit receipt” means
an act of receiving money by an organization or individual in the form of
demand or term deposit, savings deposit or issuance of deposit certificate, or
receiving deposit in another form on the principle of full payment of principal
and interest to a depositor as agreed.
28. “Mandatory
transfer plan” means a plan in which the owner, capital contributor or
shareholder of a commercial bank placed under special control has to transfer
100% of their shares/stakes to the transferee.
29. Plan to restructure a
credit institution placed under special control (hereinafter referred to
as “restructuring plan” refers to either:
a) a recovery plan;
b) a plan for merger,
amalgamation, transfer of 100% of shares/stakes;
c) a mandatory transfer
plan;
d) a dissolution plan,
or;
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30. “People's credit
fund” means a credit institution voluntarily established by juridical
persons, individuals and households as a cooperative with a view to conducting
one or some banking operations under this Law for the main purpose of mutual
assistance in development of production and business and life.
31. “Bank run" mean
a situation in which many depositors withdraw their money from a credit
institution at the same time, thereby leading to the case where such credit
institution has lost or is likely to lose solvency according to regulations of
the Governor of the State Bank.
32. “Derivative
product” means a financial instrument valued by predicted changes in the
value of a principal asset, including interest rate, foreign exchange, currency
or another principal asset.
33. “Indirect
ownership” means an organization's or individual's ownership of the charter
capital of a credit institution through investment trust or an enterprise in
which such organization or individual owns more than 50% of charter capital.
34. “Re-discounting” means
an act of discounting negotiable instruments and other valuable papers which
have been discounted prior to their due date.
35. “Payment account” means
a client's demand deposit account opened at a bank or foreign bank’s branch for
use of payment services provided by such bank or foreign bank’s branch.
36. “Letter of credit”
means a form of credit extension through issuance, confirmation,
negotiation of payment, and return of letter of credit.
37. “Microfinance
institution” means a credit institution which mainly conducts one or some
banking operations to meet the needs of low-income individuals and households,
and super small-sized enterprises.
38. “Credit
institution” means a business organization that has juridical person and
conducts one, some or all banking operations according to regulations of this
Law. Credit institutions include banks, non-bank credit institutions,
microfinance institutions and people's credit funds.
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40. “Foreign credit
institution” means a credit institution established overseas under a
foreign law.
Foreign credit institutions
may be commercially present in Vietnam in forms of joint-venture banks, wholly
foreign-owned banks, foreign bank branches, joint-venture finance companies,
wholly foreign-owned finance companies, joint-venture financial leasing
companies and wholly foreign-owned financial leasing companies.
Joint-venture and wholly
foreign-owned banks are commercial banks; joint-venture and wholly
foreign-owned finance companies, joint-venture and wholly foreign-owned
financial leasing companies are specialized finance companies and general
finance companies under this Law.
41. “Non-bank credit
institution” means a credit institution which may conduct one or some
banking operations under this Law, apart from receipt of deposits from
individuals and provision of A2A payment services. Non-bank credit institutions
include general and specialized finance companies.
42. “Charter
capital" means total amount of money contributed by owners and capital
contributors of a credit institution which is a limited liability company;
total face value of shares of a credit institution which is a joint-stock
company sold to shareholders; total amount of money contributed by members of a
credit institution which is a cooperative, capital provided by the State for a
cooperative bank.
43. “Provided capital”
of a foreign bank’s branch means an amount of money provided by the foreign
bank for that branch.
44. “Legal capital”
means minimum amount of capital required by law to establish a credit
institution or foreign bank's branch.
45. “Equity” comprises
the actual value of a credit institution's charter capital or a foreign bank’s
branch's provided capital plus (+) reserve funds plus (+) other certain
liabilities minus (-) deductions. The determination of equity shall comply with
regulations of the Governor of the State Bank of Vietnam.
Article 5. Use of
terms related to banking operations
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Article 6. Legal forms
of credit institution
1. Domestic commercial
banks established and organized as joint-stock companies, except for the case
defined in Clause 2 of this Article and the case of implementation of mandatory
transfer plans approved.
2. State commercial banks
established and organized as single-member limited liability companies with
their wholly state-owned charter capital.
3. Domestic non-bank
credit institutions established and organized as joint-stock or limited
liability companies.
4. Joint-venture or
wholly foreign-owned credit institutions established and organized as limited
liability companies.
5. Cooperative banks and
people's credit funds established and organized as cooperatives.
6. Microfinance
institutions established and organized as limited liability companies.
Article 7. Autonomy in
business activities
1. Credit institutions
and foreign bank branches have autonomy in their business activities and are
responsible for their business results.
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Article 8. Right to
conduct banking operations
Organizations that fully
meet the conditions under this Law and other relevant laws and are licensed by
the State Bank may conduct one or some banking operations according to
regulations of this Law.
Article 9. Competition
and cooperation in banking operations
Credit institutions and
foreign bank branches may compete for and cooperate in banking operations and
other business activities under this Law and other relevant laws.
Article 10.
Responsibilities of credit institutions and foreign bank branches for
protection of rights and interests of clients
1. Participate in deposit
insurance and fund for maintenance of prudence for the system of people's
credit funds according to regulations of law and publicize their deposit
insurance in their head offices and branches;
2. Enable clients to
deposit and withdraw money and guarantee the full and prompt payment of
principals and interests of deposits as agreed in accordance with regulations
of law.
3. Refuse to investigate,
freeze, seize or transfer deposits of clients, except for cases where competent
state agencies make requests under law or clients give consent;
4. Publicize deposit
interest rates, service charges and rights and obligations of clients to each
type of products and services provided;
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If transactions are
halted due to force majeure events, the credit institution or foreign bank’s
branch shall post notification of such halt at transaction offices or on its
website for at least 24 hours after the halt.
Article 11. Legal
representatives of credit institutions
1. A legal representative
of a credit institution shall be defined in that credit institution’s Charter
and must be one of the following persons:
a) President of the Board
of Directors or the Board of Members of the credit institution;
b) General Director
(Director) of the credit institution.
2. The legal
representative of the credit institution shall reside in Vietnam. When he/she
is absent from Vietnam, he/she shall authorize in writing another person who is
a manager or an executive of the credit institution currently residing in
Vietnam to perform his/her rights and obligations.
3. The credit institution
shall notify the State Bank of its legal representative within 10 days from the
date of election and appointment to the legal representative according to
regulations in the credit institution’s Charter or change in the legal
representative under law. The State Bank shall give a notification of the legal
representative of the credit institution to a business registration authority
for update on the national information system in terms of registration of
enterprises/cooperatives.
Article 12.
Information provision
1. Credit institutions
and foreign bank branches shall provide account holders with information on
transactions and credit balances of their accounts as agreed upon with these
holders.
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3. Credit institutions
and foreign bank branches may exchange with each other information on their
activities.
4. When carrying out
transactions with credit institutions and foreign bank branches, clients shall
provide information, documents and data in honest, accurate, full and prompt
manner and assume responsibilities for such provision.
Article 13.
Information confidentiality
1. Employees, managers
and executives of credit institutions and foreign bank branches must not leak
client information and reveal business secrets of these institutions and
branches.
2. Credit institutions
and foreign bank branches shall keep information on their clients confidential
under the Government’s regulations.
3. Credit institutions
and foreign bank branches must not provide information on their clients for
other organizations and individuals except for cases where competent state
agencies make requests under law or clients give consent.
Article 14. Data
safety and assurance of continuous operation
Credit institutions and
foreign bank branches shall maintain safety of their information systems and
data security and continuously operate according to regulations of the Governor
of the State Bank and other relevant laws.
Article 15. Prohibited
acts
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2. Organizations and
individuals that are not credit institutions and foreign bank branches conduct
banking operations, except for margin trading and purchase and sale of
securities by securities companies.
3. Organizations or
individuals illegally intervene in banking operations and other business
activities of credit institutions and foreign bank branches.
4. Credit institutions
and foreign bank branches engage in anti-competitive practices or unfair
competition which are/is likely to cause harm or cause(s) harm to the
implementation of the national monetary policy, safety of the credit
institution system, interests of the State and the lawful rights and interests
of organizations and individuals.
5. Credit institutions
and foreign bank branches, and their managers, executives and employees combine
sale of optional insurance and provision of banking products and services in
all forms.
Chapter II
POLICY BANKS
Article 16.
Establishment, operation and state management of policy banks
1. Policy banks are
established by the Prime Minister and operate on a not-for-profit basis so as
to implement the State's socio-economic policies.
2. The Government shall
provide for operations conducted by policy banks.
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Article 17. State
ownership and representative of state ownership of policy bank
1. The State has the
ownership of policy banks. The Government shall manage performance of tasks and
exercise of powers by the State over policy banks in a unified manner.
2. Board of Directors is
a direct representative of state ownership at each policy bank. It performs
tasks and exercises powers of the State under the Government’s regulations.
Article 18. Charter
capital of policy bank
The charter capital of a
policy bank is provided by state budget and additionally provided by the state
budget and other legal finance sources.
Article 19.
Organizational structure of policy bank
1. The organizational
structure of a policy bank is comprised of the Board of Directors, Board of
Controllers, General Director and other managerial departments under the
Government’s regulations.
2. The policy bank is
entitled to establish its branches, exchanges, transaction office and other affiliates
according to regulations of law.
Article 20. Board of
Directors of policy bank
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2. The term of office of
a member of the Board of Directors shall not exceed 05 years
3. The President of the
Board of Directors is elected and dismissed by the Prime Minister.
4. Quantity, election and
dismissal of members of the Board of Directors; structure, tasks and powers of
the Board of Directors are prescribed by the Government.
5. The Board of Directors
has an assistance department. The assistance department’s functions and tasks
are prescribed by the Board of Directors.
Article 21. Board of
Controllers of policy bank
1. The Board of
Controllers includes a Head and other members.
2. The term of office of
a member of the Board of Controllers shall not exceed 05 years.
3. Quantity, election and
dismissal of members of the Board of Controllers; structure, tasks and powers
of the Board of Controllers are prescribed by the Government.
4. The Board of
Controllers has an internal audit department, and is entitled to use resources
of the policy bank to perform its tasks.
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1. The General Director
is the legal representative who manages daily operations of the policy bank.
2. The term of office of
the General Director shall not exceed 05 years.
3. The General Director
is elected and dismissed by the Prime Minister.
4. Election, dismissal,
rights and obligations of the General Director are prescribed by the
Government.
Article 23. Assurance
about operations of policy banks
1. Solvency of policy
banks is guaranteed by the State; differences in interest rates and management
fees are subsidized; taxes and other accounts payable to the state budget are
exempt under regulations of law;
2. Policy banks are not
required to satisfy reserve requirements and participate in deposit insurance.
Article 24. Internal
control, internal audit and report of policy bank
1. Each policy bank shall
carry out internal control and audit; establish and promulgate internal
procedures for professional operations.
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Article 25. Settlement
of bad debts and collateral of bad debts of policy banks
Policy banks may adopt
regulations in this Law to settle bad debts and collateral of bad debts of
policy banks.
Article 26. Financial
mechanism, salaries, reorganization, dissolution, inspection and supervision of
policy banks
Financial mechanism,
salaries, reorganization, dissolution, inspection and supervision of policy
banks and other contents related to policy banks shall comply with regulations
in this Charter and those of the Government.
Chapter III
LICENSES
Article 27. Authority
to issue, amend and revoke licenses
1. The State Bank has
authority to issue, amend and revoke licenses under regulations of this Law.
2. License for
establishment and operation of a credit institution is also the Certificate of
Enterprise Registration or Cooperative Registration Certificate.
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4. The Governor of the
State Bank shall provide for notification of information on issuance, amendment
and revocation of licenses; information on election to General Directors (Directors)
of foreign bank branches, Heads of foreign representative offices and relevant
information for business registration authorities to update them to the
international information system in terms of enterprise and cooperative
registration.
Article 28. Legal
capital
1. The Government shall
elaborate legal capital for each type of credit institutions and foreign bank
branches.
2. Each credit
institution/foreign bank’s branch shall maintain the actual value of its
charter capital or provided capital which is not smaller than the legal
capital.
3. The actual value of
charter capital or provided capital equals charter capital or provided capital
and share premium, plus (+) undistributed accumulated profits, minus (-)
unrealized accumulated losses recognized on accounting books.
4. The Governor of State
Bank shall elaborate the handling of case where the actual value of the credit
institution's charter capital or foreign bank’s branch's provided capital is
smaller than the legal capital.
Article 29. Requirements
for issuance of licenses
1. A credit institution
may obtain a license when fully meeting the following requirements:
a) Its charter capital is
not smaller than the legal capital;
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c) Its managers,
executives and members of the Board of Controllers fully meet the criteria and
requirements under Article 41 of this Law;
d) Its Charter complies
with this Law and other relevant laws;
dd) It has an
establishment plan and a feasible business plan which neither affect the safety
and stability of the credit institution system nor create monopoly or restrict
competition or create unfair competition within the credit institution system.
2. A joint-venture or
wholly foreign-owned credit institution may obtain a license when fully meeting
the following requirements:
a) It fully meets
requirements specified in Clause 1 of this Article;
b) The foreign credit
institution may conduct banking operations under the law of the country where
it is headquartered;
c) Operations to be
conducted in Vietnam must be those which the foreign credit institution is
issued with license to conduct in the country where it is headquartered;
d) The foreign credit
institution meets requirements for total assets and financial status under
regulations of the Governor of State Bank, and satisfies regulations on
assurance of operation safety under regulations of the country where it is
headquartered;
dd) The foreign credit
institution shall make a written commitment to provide assistance in finance,
technology, governance, administration and operation for the joint-venture or
wholly foreign owned credit institution. It guarantees that the joint-venture
or wholly foreign-owned credit institution maintains the actual value of its
charter capital which is not smaller than the legal capital and observes
regulations on assurance of operation safety under this Law;
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3. A foreign bank’s
branch may obtain a license when fully meeting the following requirements:
a) Its provided capital
is not smaller than the legal capital;
b) It fully meets
requirements specified in Points b,c and dd Clause 1 and Points b,c,d and e
Clause 2 of this Article;
c) The foreign bank shall
make a written commitment to be liable for all obligations and commitments of
its branch in Vietnam, and to ensure that the actual value of the provided
capital is not lower than the legal capital and it observes regulations on
assurance of operation safety under this Law.
d) If it is required to
establish the second foreign bank’s branch and subsequent foreign bank branches
in Vietnam, the foreign bank shall ensure that the foreign bank's branch which
is operating in Vietnam for 03 years preceding the year of the proposal to
establish new branches does not commit violations against regulations of law,
achieves the minimum safety ratios, and earns profits.
4. A foreign
representative office may obtain a license when fully meeting the following
requirements:
a) The foreign credit
institution or another foreign institution engaged in banking operations is a
juridical person that is issued with a license for banking operations overseas;
b) Under the law of the
country where the foreign credit institution or another foreign institution
engaged in banking operations is headquartered, it may set up a foreign
representative office in Vietnam.
5. Requirements
applicable to owners of credit institutions that are single-member limited
liability companies, founding shareholders, and founding members specified in
point b Clause 1 of this Article and those for issuance of licenses to people's
credit funds, microfinance institutions shall be prescribed by the Government.
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The Governor of State
Bank shall issue regulations on procedures and applications for issuance and
renewal of licenses.
Article 31. Deadline
for issuance of license
1. Within 180 days from
the date of receipt of a complete and valid application, the State Bank shall
issue or refuse to issue a license for establishment and operation of a credit
institution or a license for establishment of a foreign bank’s branch.
2. Within 60 days from the
date of receipt of a complete and valid application, the State Bank shall issue
or refuse to issue a license for establishment of a foreign representative
office.
3. In case of refusal,
the State Bank shall reply in writing and give reasons.
Article 32. Charges
for issuance of licenses
Credit institutions,
foreign bank branches and foreign representative offices that are issued with
licenses or have their licenses renewed shall pay charges under the law on
charges and fees.
Article 33. Disclosure
of information about launch for operations
A credit institution,
foreign bank’s branch or foreign representative office shall publish on the
media of the State Bank and a Vietnamese daily newspaper for three consecutive
issues or a Vietnamese e-newspaper for at least 30 days before the date on
which operations are expected to be launched the following information:
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2. Number of and date of
issuance of its license;
3. Charter capital of the
credit institution or provided capital of the foreign bank’s branch;
4. Legal representative
of the credit institution, Director General (Director) of the foreign bank’s
branch or head of the foreign representative office;
5. List of founding
shareholders or capital contributors or owners of the credit institution with
their respective holdings of shares/stakes;
6. Date on which
operations are expected to be launched.
Article 34.
Requirements for launching operations
1. A credit institution,
foreign bank’s branch or foreign representative office issued with a license
may only operate from the launch date.
2. To launch operations,
the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch issued with a license shall
fully meet the following requirements:
a) The credit
institution’s charter approved by a competent authority has been submitted to
the State Bank;
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c) It has an
organizational structure and an internal control and audit system in conformity
with its type under this Law and other relevant laws;
d) Its information
technology system meets managerial and operational requirements;
dd) It has internal
regulations on organization and operation of the Board of Directors, the Board
of Members, the Board of Controllers and Director General (Director) and
professional divisions at its head office; risk management; and operational
network management;
e) Its charter capital or
provided capital in Vietnamese dong shall be fully deposited into the frozen
account without interests opened at the State Bank for at least 30 days before
the launch date. Its charter capital or provided capital shall be released
after the launch date;
g) It has disclosed information
on launch of its operations under Article 33 of this Law.
3. The credit
institution, foreign bank’s branch or foreign representative office shall
launch its operations within 12 months from the date on which it obtains the
license, except for force majeure events. After the aforesaid deadline, if it
fails to do so, the issued license expires. The State Bank shall publish
licenses which are expired on its web portal.
4. The credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch issued with the license shall notify the State Bank of
requirements for launch of its operations specified in Clause 2 of this Article
for at least 15 days before the launch date. The State Bank shall suspend the
launch when such institution or branch fails to fully meet the requirements
under Clause 2 of this Article.
Article 35. License
use
1. A credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch or foreign representative office issued with a license
shall use the name and strictly conduct operations as stated in its license.
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Article 36. Revocation
of licenses
1. The State Bank shall
revoke a license when:
a) The application for
license contains false information in order to be eligible for obtainment of
the license;
b) The credit institution
is divided or acquired; undergoes amalgamation, dissolution, bankruptcy or
change in legal forms;
c) The credit
institution, foreign bank’s branch or foreign representative office operates at
variance with its license;
d) The credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch seriously violates the law on compulsory reserves and
safety ratios;
dd) The credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch fails to abide by or fully abide by the
State Bank's decisions to assure safety for banking operations;
e) The foreign credit
institution or another foreign institution which is engaged in banking
operations and commercially present in Vietnam is dissolved or goes bankrupt or
has its license revoked or has its operation suspended by a competent authority
of the country where it is headquartered.
2. Decisions to revoke
licenses shall be published by the State Bank on its web portal.
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4. The Governor of the
State Bank shall specify procedures and applications for revocation of
licenses.
Article 37. Changes
which must be approved by the State Bank
1. A credit institution
or foreign bank's branch shall obtain written approval from the State Bank
before carrying out procedures for change in any of the following contents:
a) Its name or place of
its head office;
b) Its charter capital or
provided capital, except the case specified in Clause 3 of this Article;
c) Location where the
credit institution’s branch is headquartered;
d) Contents and duration
of operation;
dd) Purchase, sale or
transfer of the owner’s stake; purchase, sale or transfer of a capital
contributor’s stake; purchase or receipt of transfer of shares resulting in a
conversion into a major shareholder. The owner, capital contributor,
shareholder, purchaser and transferee of shares or stakes of the credit
institution shall be responsible for cooperating with the credit institution to
carry out procedures for seeking approval for the contents specified at this
point.
In case of purchase,
sale, receipt of transfer, or transfer of stakes of the credit institution that
is a limited liability company, the purchaser or transferee shall satisfy the
requirements applied to owners and capital contributors specified in point b
Clause 1, Clause 2 Article 29, and Clause 2 Article 78 of this Law; the capital
contributor shall comply with regulations in Clause 1 Article 77 of this Law;
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g) Listing of shares on a
foreign securities market.
2. Documents and
procedures for making changes specified in Clause 1 of this Article and
adjustments to the license shall be specified by the Governor of the State
Bank.
3. Any change to location
of a people’s credit fund, charter capital, transfer of stakes of capital
contributors of a cooperative bank or a people's credit fund shall comply with
regulations of the Governor of the State Bank.
4. When obtaining
approval for change to contents specified in Clause 1 of this Article, the
credit institution or foreign bank’s branch shall carry out the following
procedures:
a) Revising the charter
of the credit institution according to the approved changes specified in points
a,b,d and dd Clause 1 of this Article;
b) Publishing changes
defined at points a, b, c and d, Clause 1 of this Article in the media of the
State Bank and on a Vietnamese daily newspaper for 3 consecutive issues or in a
Vietnamese e-newspaper, within 07 working days from the date on which the State
Bank's approval is granted.
Chapter IV
ORGANIZATION, GOVERNANCE AND
ADMINISTRATION BY CREDIT INSTITUTIONS AND FOREIGN BANK BRANCHES
Section 1. GENERAL
PROVISIONS
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1. After the State Bank
gives written approval, the credit institution is entitled to establish its
domestic branches, representative offices and public service providers;
establish and change its legal forms of commercial presence in foreign
countries, including branches, representative offices and other forms of
commercial presence in foreign countries.
2. The Governor of the
State Bank shall elaborate conditions, documentation and procedures for
establishment, change in legal forms, dissolution and termination of operations
of units specified in Clause 1 of this Article applicable to each type of
credit institutions.
3. Written approval for
establishment of a domestic branch or representative office of a credit
institution is also a Certificate of registration and operation of such branch
or representative office.
4. The Governor of the
State Bank shall provide for notification of information about establishment,
dissolution and termination of operations of domestic branches and representative
offices and relevant information to business registration authorities for
update on the national information system in terms of registration of
enterprises/cooperatives.
Article 39. Charter of
credit institution
1. Charter of a credit
institution that is a joint-stock or limited liability company shall contain
the following principal contents:
a) Its name and place of
its head office;
b) Operation contents;
c) Duration of operation;
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dd) Tasks and powers of
General Meeting of Shareholders, Board of Directors, Board of Members and Board
of Controllers, and rights and obligations of Director General (Director);
e) Methods of election,
appointment and dismissal of members of the Board of Directors, Board of
Members, and Board of Controllers and Director General (Director);
g) Name and address of
its head office, nationality of each owner and capital contributor, for the
credit institution that is a limited liability company;
h) Rights and obligations
of owners and capital contributors, for the credit institution that is a
limited liability company; and those of shareholders, for the credit
institution that is a joint-stock company;
i) Legal representative
(s);
k) Principles of finance,
accounting, control and internal audit;
l) Methods of ratifying
decisions made by the credit institution; principles of settlement of internal
disputes;
m) Bases and methods of
determining remuneration, salaries and bonuses paid to managers, executives and
members of the Board of Controllers;
n) Cases of and
procedures for dissolution;
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2. Charter of a
cooperative bank or a people's credit fund shall contain the following
contents:
a) Contents specified in
points a, b, c, d, e, i, k, l, m, n and o Clause 1 of this Article;
b) Tasks and powers of
General Meeting of Members, Board of Directors, and Board of Controllers, and
rights and obligations of Director General (Director);
c) Cases of and produces
for termination of membership;
d) Rights and obligations
of each member;
dd) Methods of convening
the General Meeting of Members, rectifying decisions made by the General
Meeting of Members, and electing delegates to attend and vote at the General
Meeting of Members in case it is organized in the form of a delegate meeting;
e) Principle of dividing
interest in proportion to the extent of service use or stake of each member;
g) Financial management,
use and settlement of assets, capital, funds and losses;
3. The credit
institution's charter and its amendments shall be sent to the State Bank within
15 days from the date on which they are approved.
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1. Organizational
structure of a credit institution established as a joint-stock company
comprises General Meeting of Shareholders, Board of Directors, Board of
Controllers and Director General (Director).
2. Organizational
structure of a credit institution established as a single-member limited
liability company or a limited liability company with two or more members
comprises the Board of Members, the Board of Controllers and Director General
(Director).
3. Organizational
structure of a cooperative bank or people's credit fund shall comply with
Article 82 of this Law.
Article 41. Criteria
and requirements applicable to mangers, executives and holders of some other
positions of a credit institution
1. A member of the Board
of Directors or Board of Members shall fully meet the following criteria and
requirements:
a) He/she is not
prohibited from holding a certain position according to regulations in Clause 1
Article 42 of this Law;
b) He/she possesses
professional ethics under regulations of the Governor of the State Bank;
c) He/she has at least a
bachelor’s degree;
d) He/she has at least 03
years’ experience of working as a manager or executive of the credit
institution, at least 05 years’ experience of working as a manager of a
finance, banking, accounting or audit enterprise or an enterprise whose equity
is not smaller than the legal capital of a credit institution, at least 05
years’ experience of working in a professional department of the credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch or at least 05 years’ experience of
working in a finance, banking accounting or audit department.”
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a) Neither currently working
for the credit institution or its subsidiary nor working for the credit
institution or its subsidiary for 3 preceding years;
b) Neither receiving
salary nor remuneration regularly of the credit institution other than
allowances for members of the Board of Directors;
c) Having no spouse,
father/mother, child, sibling or spouse of one of these persons who is a major
shareholder of the credit institution, a manager or controller or member of the
Board of Controllers of the credit institution or its subsidiary;
d) Not acting as the
representative of holding in the credit institution; neither directly nor
indirectly owning 01% or more of the charter capital or voting share capital of
the credit institution together with his/her related person(s);
dd) Not acting as a
manager or member of the Board of Controllers of the credit institution at any
time in the 5 preceding years.
3. A member of the Board
of Controllers shall fully meet the following criteria and requirements:
a) Meeting criteria and
requirements specified in point a and point b Clause 1 of this Article;
b) Having at least a
bachelor’s degree in banking, finance, economics, business administration, law,
accounting or audit field;
c) Having at least 3
years’ experience of working directly in banking, finance, accounting or audit
field;
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dd) The Head of the Board
of Controllers shall reside in Vietnam during his/her term of office,
4. The Director General
(Director) shall fully meet the following criteria and requirements:
a) Meeting criteria and
requirements specified in point a and point b Clause 1 of this Article;
b) Having at least a
bachelor’s degree in banking, finance, economics, business administration, law,
accounting or audit field;
c) Having at least 05
years’ experience of working as an executive of a credit institution or at
least 05 years’ experience of holding the position of General Director
(Director) or Deputy General Director (Deputy Director) of an enterprise whose
equity is not smaller than the legal capital of a credit institution and at
least 05 years’ experience of working in the finance, banking, accounting or
audit field or has at least 10 years’ experience of working in the finance,
banking, accounting or audit field;
d) Residing in Vietnam
during his/her term of office,
5. A Deputy Director
General (Deputy Director), Chief Account, Director of a branch or Director
General (Director) of a subsidiary or any holder of an equivalent position
under regulations of the Charter of the credit institution shall fully meet the
following criteria and requirements:
a) Not falling within the
case where he/she is prohibited from holding a certain position specified in
Clause 2 Article 42 of this Law; in case of the Deputy Director General (Deputy
Director), not falling within the case where he/she is prohibited from holding
a certain position specified in Clause 1 Article 42 of this Law;
b) Having at least a
bachelor’s degree in finance, banking, economics, business administration, law,
accounting or audit field or another discipline under the field which he/she
will undertake; or having a bachelor’s degree in a discipline other than one of
the above-mentioned fields and having at least 3 years’ experience of working directly
in banking or finance field or the field which he/she will undertake;
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d) The Chief Account
shall also meet criteria and requirements according to regulations of the law
on accounting.
6. The Governor of the
State Bank shall specify criteria and requirements applicable to managers,
executives and members of the Board of Controllers of cooperative banks,
people’s credit funds, and microfinance institutions.
1. Any of the following
persons must not be a member of the Board of Directors, Board of Members, Board
of Controllers, Director General (Director), Deputy Director General (Deputy
Director) or a holder of equivalent title according to a credit institution’s
Charter:
a) One of the persons
specified in Clause 2 of this Article;
b) A person prohibited
from participating in management and administration of an enterprise or
cooperative under the law on officials and public employees and the law on
anti-corruption;
c) A person who used to
be an owner of a private enterprise, a partner of a partnership company,
Director General (Director), a member of Board of Directors, Board of Members
or a controller or member of Board of Controllers of an enterprise, a member of
Board of Directors and Director General (Director) of a cooperative at the time
when the enterprise or cooperative is declared bankrupt, except for case where
he/she is assigned or appointed to participate in management, administration or
control of the enterprise or cooperative that is credit institution declared
bankrupt according to task requirements;
d) A person who had their
title of Chairperson of Board of Directors, member of the Board of Directors,
Chairperson of the Board of Members, member of Board of Members, head of the
Board of Controllers, member of the Board of Controllers or Director General
(Director) of a credit institution terminated under Article 47 of this Law or
has committed violations, causing the revocation of the credit institution's
license as determined by the competent agency;
dd) A related person of a
member of the Board of Directors or the Board of Members or Director General
(Director) of the credit institution, except for cases specified in Clause 3
Article 69, point b clause 1 Article 73 and point a Clause 2 Article 77 of this
Law;
e) A related person of a
member of Board of Controllers, Deputy Director of the People's Credit Fund;
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2. Any of the following
persons must not act as a Chief Accountant or Director of the branch or
Director General (Director) of a subsidiary of the credit institution:
a) Minor or a person who
is legally incapacitated, a person with limited cognition and behavior control,
and a person with limited legal capacity;
b) Person who is facing
criminal prosecution or serving imprisonment sentence; serving an administrative
penalty in a correctional institution or rehabilitation center, or is
prohibited by the court from holding certain positions or doing certain works;
c) Person who has been
sentenced for any serious crime or worse;
d) Person who has been
sentenced for possession charge without having their criminal record expunged;
dd) Official, public
employee or manager of division or higher level of an enterprise in which the
State holds 50% or more of the charter capital, except for any person appointed
to act as the representative of the State's stakes or stakes of the enterprise
in which the State holds 50% or more of the charter capital in the credit
institution or appointed or assigned to participate in management,
administration or control of the credit institution according to task
requirements;
e) Officer,
non-commissioned officer, professional army man or defense worker/public
employee of an agency or unit under the Vietnam People's Army; officer,
professional non-commissioned officer, worker/police officer of an agency and
unit under the Vietnam People's Police, except for any person appointed to act
as the representative of the State's stakes or stakes of the enterprise in
which the State holds 50% or more of the charter capital in the credit institution;
g) Another person defined
in the Charter of the credit institution.
3. Father/mother, spouse,
child or sibling of each member of the Board of Directors and the Board of
Members, General Director (Director) of the credit institution and his/her
spouse must not act as Chief Accountant or finance manager of the credit
institution.
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2. The member of the
Board of Directors is not an independent member; a member of the Board of
Members of a credit institution must not concurrently hold either of the
following positions:
a) Executive of that
credit institution, except for General Director (Director) of that credit
institution;
b) Manager or executive
of another credit institution, manager of an enterprise, except for manager or
executive of a subsidiary or the parent company of that credit institution, or
the case of implementation of the approved mandatory transfer plan;
c) Controller or a member
of the Board of Controllers of another credit institution or enterprise.
3. An independent member
of the Board of Directors of a credit institution must not concurrently hold
either of the following positions:
a) Executive of the
credit institution;
b) Manager or executive
of another credit institution; manager of 02 enterprises or more;
c) Controller or a member
of the Board of Controllers of another credit institution or enterprise.
4. A member of the Board
of Controllers of a credit institution must not concurrently hold either of the
following positions, except for manager or executive or employee of a credit
institution that receives mandatory transfer according to the approved
mandatory transfer plan;
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b) Employee of an
enterprise whose member of the Board of Directors, executive or major
shareholder is a member of the Board of Directors or the Board of Members of
that credit institution;
5. The General Director
(Director), Deputy General Director (Deputy Director) and people holding
equivalent positions under the Charter of a credit institution must not
concurrently hold the position of manager, executive, controllers or members of
the Board of Controllers of another credit institution or enterprise, except
for executive positions in subsidiaries or parent companies of the same credit
institution.
1. The list of nominees
for the positions of members of the Board of Directors or Board of Members and
Board of Controllers and Director General (Director) of a credit institution;
the position of Chairperson of the Board of Directors, Head of Board of
Controllers of a cooperative bank or people’s credit fund shall be approved in
writing by the State Bank before these nominees are elected and appointed. Elected
and appointed members of the Board of Directors, Board of Members and Board of
Controllers and Director General (Director) of the credit institution;
Chairperson of the Board of Directors, Head of Board of Controllers of the
cooperative bank or the people’s credit fund shall be included in the list approved
by the State Bank.
2. The Governor of the
State Bank shall specify procedures for and dossiers on approval for the list
of nominees for the positions specified in Clause 1 of this Article.
3. The credit institution
shall notify the State Bank of the list of elected and appointed holders of the
positions specified in Clause 1 of this Article within 10 working days from the
date of such election and appointment.
1. A member of the Board
of Directors or the Board of Members or the Board of Controllers or a Director
General (Director) shall be automatically disqualified from his/her position
when:
a) He/she falls within
one of the cases specified in Article 42 of this Law
b) He/she acts as a
representative of the stakes of an organization which is a shareholder or
capital contributor of the credit institution when this organization has its
legal entity status terminated;
c) He/she is no longer
the representative of stakes as authorized by the shareholder or the capital
contributor that is an organization;
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dd) The credit
institution has its license revoked;
e) The contract to hire
Director General (Director) expires;
g) He/she is no longer a
member of the cooperative bank or people's credit fund;
h) He/she dies.
2. The Board of Directors
or the Board of Members of the credit institution shall send a report enclosed
with documents proving the automatic disqualification under points a,b,c,d,e,g
and h Clause 1 of this Article to the State Bank within 05 working days from
the date of such automatic disqualification, be responsible for the accuracy
and truthfulness of this report, and carry out procedures for election and
appointment to the vacant position under law.
3. The member of the
Board of Directors, the Board of Members or the Board of Controllers or
Director General (Director) of the credit institution shall be still liable for
his/her decisions made during his/her term of office after he/she is automatically
disqualified from his/her position.
1. Except for the cases
of automatic disqualification specified in Article 45 of this Law, the
Chairperson or a member of the Board of Directors or the Board of Members; the
head or a member of the Board of Controllers; or Director General (Director) of
a credit institution shall be dismissed from his/her position or discharged
from duty in one of the following cases:
a) Discharge from duty if
he/she hands in a resignation to the Board of Directors, the Board of Members,
the Board of Controllers of the credit institution;
b) Dismissal if he/she
fails to join activities of the Board of Directors, the Board of Members or the
Board of Controllers for 6 consecutive months, except for force majeure events;
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d) Dismissal if the
independent member of the Board of Directors fails to comply with regulations
in Clause 2 Article 41 and Clause 3 Article 43 of this Law;
dd) Other cases defined
by the Charter of the credit institution.
2. After dismissal or
discharge from duty, the chairperson or member of the Board of Directors or the
Board of Members; the head or member of the Board of Controllers; or the
Director General (Director) of the credit institution shall be still liable for
his/her decisions made during his/her term of office.
3. Within 10 working days
from the date of approval for the decision on dismissal or discharge from duty
of any holder specified in Clause 1 of this Article, the Board of Directors or
the Board of Members of the credit institution shall send a report enclosed
with relevant documents to the State Bank.
1. The State Bank has the
right to terminate or suspend the execution of the rights and obligations of
the Chairperson and members of the Board of Directors or the Board of Members,
the Head and members of the Board of Controllers, and executives of a credit
institution who violate Article 43, Clause 10 Article 48 of this Law and other
relevant laws when they execute their rights and obligations or fail to meet
criteria and requirements specified in Article 41 of this Law; and request the
competent agency to dismiss them from their positions, elect and appoint or
designate replacements if necessary.
2. The Special Control
Board has the right to terminate or suspend the execution of the rights and
obligations of the chairperson and members of the Board of Directors and the
Board of Members, the head and members of the Board of Controllers, and
executives of a credit institution placed under special control, when
necessary.
3. Persons whose rights
and obligations are terminated or suspended under Clauses 1 and 2 of this
Article shall participate in remedying problems and handling violations related
to their personal responsibilities if requested by the State Bank, the Board of
Directors, the Board of Members, the Board of Controllers of the credit
institution or the Special Control Board.
1. Comply with laws, the
Charter of the credit institution, resolutions and decisions of the General
Meeting of Shareholders, General Meeting of Members or owners or capital
contributors of the credit institution.
2. Exercise their rights
and fulfill their obligations in an honest and prudent manner, for the
interests of the credit institution and its shareholders, capital contributors
and owners.
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4. Be responsible for
compliance with regulations on restrictions in order to maintain safety in
banking activities of the credit institution according to regulations of this
Law.
5. Keep dossiers and
records of the credit institution in order to provide statistics for the credit
institution for the purposes of management, administration and control of its
activities and for the State Bank's inspection, supervision and examination.
6. Be knowledgeable about
risks arising from operations of the credit institution.
7. Promptly, fully and
accurately notify the credit institution of possible conflicts of interests
arising from the credit institution's benefits in other institutions or its
transactions with other organizations and individuals and only conduct such
transactions when the Board of Directors or the Board of Members gives consent.
8. Be prohibited from
enabling themselves or their related persons to take loans or use other banking
services of the credit institution with conditions that are better and
favorable than those under the credit institution's general regulations.
9. Neither have their
salaries and remuneration increased nor request bonuses when the credit
institution suffers losses.
10. Within the scope of
their rights and obligations, respond to written requests from the State Bank
for contents under the jurisdiction of the State Bank. Follow recommendations
and warnings about risk and operational safety, and risk of violations against
regulations on monetary and banking; implement conclusions, recommendations and
decisions related to inspection.
11. Exercise other rights
and fulfill other obligations defined by the law and the credit institution's
charter.
1. Each member of the
Board of Directors, the Board of Members or the Board of Controllers or the
Director General (Director) or Deputy Director General (Deputy Director) and
the holder of another equivalent title of a credit institution shall notify the
credit institution of the following information:
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b) Name, enterprise ID
number, headquarter address of another enterprise or business organization of
which he/she and his/her related persons are members of the Board of Directors,
Board of Members or Board of Controllers or the Director General (Director);
c) Information about each
related person that is an individual, including full name; personal
identification number; nationality, passport number, date of issuance, place of
issuance (in case of a foreigner); relationship with information provider;
d) Information about each
related person that is an organization, including name, enterprise ID number,
headquarter address, number of enterprise registration certificate or a
document of equivalent legitimacy; legal representative, relationship with
information provider.
2. The shareholder owning
at least 01% of charter capital of a credit institution shall provide the
following information for the credit institution:
a) Full name; personal
identification number; nationality, passport number, date of issuance, place of
issuance in case where the shareholder is a foreigner; number of enterprise
registration certificate or a document of equivalent legitimacy in case where
the shareholder is an organization; date of issuance and place of issuance of
such document.
b) Information about each
related person according to regulations in Point c and Point d Clause 1 of this
Article;
c) His/her holdings in
the credit institution;
d) His/her related
person’s holdings in the credit institution;
3. Persons specified in
Clause 1 and Clause 2 of this Article shall notify the credit institution in
writing of initial provision of information and any change in such information
within 07 working days from the date on which the information is disclosed or
changed.
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4. The credit institution
shall post and store information specified in Clauses 1 and 2 of this Article
at its headquarter and send a written report to the State Bank within 07
working days from the date on which the credit institution receives the
provided information. On annual basis, the credit institution shall disclose
information specified in points a,b,d Clause 1 and points a,c,d Clause 2 of
this Article to its General Meeting of Shareholders, General Meeting of Members
and the Board of Members.
5. The credit institution
shall disclose information about full name of the individual or name of the
organization that is the shareholder owning at least 01% of its charter capital
and information specified in point c and point d Clause 2 of this Article on
its website within 07 working days from the date on which it receives the
provided information.
6. Organizations and
individuals that provide and disclose information shall ensure that the
information is provided and disclosed in an honest, accurate, full and prompt
manner, and assume their responsibilities for such provision and disclosure.
1. The Board of Directors
or the Board of Members is a governing body that has the full power to decide
and exercise the rights and fulfill the obligations of a credit institution on
its behalf, except for matters to be decided by the General Meeting of
Shareholders or owners.
2. When the number of
members of the Board of Directors or the Board of Members is less than the
minimum number of members prescribed in Clause 1 Article 69 and point a Clause
1 Article 73 of this Law, within 90 days from the date on which the minimum
number of members is insufficient, the credit institution shall elect and add
members to the Board of Directors or Board of Members in order to ensure that
the minimum number of members is sufficient, except for the case specified in
Clause 5 Article 166 of this Law.
3. The Board of Directors
or Board of Members shall use the credit institution's seal to perform its
tasks and powers.
4. The Board of Directors
or Board of Members shall have an assistance department to assist it. The
assistance department's functions and tasks are regulated by the Board of
Directors or Board of Members.
5. The Board of Directors
or Board of Members shall set up committees to assist it in performing its
tasks and powers, in which there must be risk management committee and
personnel committee. The Board of Directors or Board of Members shall define
the tasks and powers of these two committees under regulations of the Governor
of the State Bank.
Article 51. Board of
Controllers
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2. The Board of
Controllers of a commercial bank shall have at least 05 members. The Board of
Controllers of a credit institution shall have at least 03 members. The number
of members of the Board of Controllers shall be specified in the credit
institution's charter.
3. The Board of
Controllers shall have an assistance department and an internal audit
department to perform its tasks.
4. The term of the Board
of Controllers shall not exceed 05 years. A member of the Board of Controllers
shall have the same term of office as the Board of Controllers, except for the
case specified in Clause 5 of this Article. The term of office of an added or
replaced member of the Board of Controllers is the remaining term of the Board
of Controllers. The Board of Controllers of the previous term shall continue to
operate until the Board of Controllers of the new term takes over its work
5. The term of the Head
and a member of the Board of Controllers in the credit institution that is a
single-member limited liability company shall be specified in the credit
institution’s charter and shall not exceed 05 years.
6. When the number of
members of the Board of Controllers is less than the minimum number of members
prescribed in Clause 2 of this Article, within 90 days from the date on which
the minimum number of members is insufficient, the credit institution shall
elect and add members to the Board of Controllers in order to ensure that the
minimum number of members is sufficient, except for the case specified in
Clause 5 Article 166 of this Law.
Article 52. Tasks and
powers of the Board of Controllers
1. Supervise
administration and management by the credit institution of the observance of
law, internal regulations, Charter, resolutions and decisions of General
Meeting of Shareholders, owners, the Board of Directors and the Board of
Members; take responsibility to the General Meeting of Shareholders, owners and
capital contributors for the performance of its assigned tasks and powers
according to regulations of this Law and the credit institution's charter.
2. Issue internal
regulations of the Board of Controllers; review internal regulations of the
Board of Controllers and those of the credit institution on accounting and
report every year.
3. Conduct internal
audit; get access to and be fully, accurately and promptly provided with
information and documents related to administration and management conducted by
the credit institution; be entitled to use resources of the credit institution
to perform the assigned tasks and powers, hire experts, independent consultancy
units and external organizations to perform its tasks and take responsibility
for performance of tasks of the Board of Controllers.
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5. Supervise approval and
implementation of projects on investment, purchase and sale of fixed assets,
other contracts and transactions of the credit institution decided by the
General Meeting of Shareholders, the Board of Directors and the Board of
Members. On an annual basis, prepare and send supervision reports to the
General Meeting of Shareholders, owners, the Board of Directors and the Board
of Members.
6. Supervise the
compliance with regulations in Chapter VII of this Law on restrictions so as to
maintain safety for operations of the credit institution.
7. Inspect accounting
books, other documents and management and administration of the credit
institution's operations when necessary or in the following cases:
a) According to
resolutions and decisions of the General Meeting of Shareholders;
b) As required by the
State Bank or major shareholders, groups of major shareholders or owners or
capital contributors or the Board of Members under law. The inspection shall be
conducted within 07 working days from the date of receipt of requests. Within
15 days after completing inspection, the Board of Controllers shall report and
explain matters inspected to requesting organizations and individuals.
8. Promptly notify the
General Meeting of Shareholders, owners, the Board of Directors or Board of
Members when detecting that managers or executives of the credit institution
commit violations against regulations of law, internal regulations of the
credit institution, resolutions and decisions of the General Meeting of
Shareholders, owners, the Board of Directors or Board of Members; request
violators to immediately terminate their violations and adopt remedial measures
(if any).
9. Make a list of
founding shareholders within 05 years from the date of having the first
founding shareholder, shareholders owning at least 01% of charter capital,
capital contributors and related persons of members of the Board of Directors,
Board of Members and Board of Controllers and Director General (Director) of
the credit institution and shareholders owning at least 01% of charter capital;
keep and update changes in this list.
10. Request the Board of
Directors or Board of Members to convene extraordinary meetings or request the
Board of Directors to convene the extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders
under this Law and the credit institution's charter.
11. Convene the
extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders when the Board of Directors makes
a decision seriously violating this Law or beyond its vested powers or in other
cases under the credit institution's charter.
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13. Promptly report to
the State Bank on violations against regulations in Clauses 6, 8 and 11 of this
Article and those on holdings of shares/stakes and related persons according to
this Law.
14. Perform other tasks
and powers under the credit institution's charter.
Article 53. Rights and
obligations of Head of Board of Controllers
1. Organize performance
of tasks and powers of the Board of Controllers defined in Article 52 of this
Law and take responsibility for execution of his/her rights and obligations.
2. Convene and chair
meetings of the Board of Controllers.
3. On behalf of the Board
of Controllers, sign documents under the jurisdiction of the Board of
Controllers.
4. On behalf of the Board
of Controllers, convene the extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders under
Clause 11 Article 52 of this Law or request the Board of Directors or Board of
Members to convene extraordinary meetings.
5. Attend meetings of the
Board of Directors or Board of Members, give opinions in these meetings but
have no right to vote.
6. Require the inclusion
of his/her opinions in minutes of meetings of the Board of Directors or Board
of Members when these opinions differ from resolutions and decisions of the
Board of Directors or Board of Members and report such opinions to the General
Meeting of Shareholders or owners or capital contributors.
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8. Ensure that members of
the Board of Controllers receive information in a complete, objective and
accurate manner and have enough time to discuss matters to be considered by the
Board of Controllers.
9. Supervise and direct
members of the Board of Controllers to perform their tasks and execute their
rights and obligations.
10. Authorize another
member of the Board of Controllers to perform his/her rights and obligations
only when he/she is absent or cannot perform these tasks.
11. Exercise other rights
and fulfill other obligations defined by the law and the credit institution's
charter.
Article 54. Rights and
obligations of members of Board of Controllers
1. Observe law, the
credit institution's charter and internal regulations of the Board of
Controllers and perform tasks as assigned by the Head of the Board of
Controllers to carry out tasks and powers of the Board of Controllers in an
honest and prudent manner, for interests of the credit institution and its
shareholders, capital contributors and owners; assume their responsibilities
for execution of their rights and obligations.
2. Elect a member of the
Board of Controllers to act as the Head, except for the case specified in point
c Clause 1 Article 73 of this Law.
3. Request the Head of
the Board of Controllers to convene extraordinary meetings.
4. Control business
activities, accounting books, assets and financial statements and recommend
remedial measures.
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6. Request managers,
executives and employees of the credit institution to provide statistics and
explain business operations in order to perform the assigned tasks.
7. Report financial
activities that are abnormal to the Head and take responsibilities for their
own assessment and conclusions.
8. Attend meetings of the
Board of Controllers, discuss and vote on matters within the scope of tasks and
powers of the Board of Controllers, except for those that conflict with their
interests.
9. Exercise other rights
and fulfill other obligations defined by the law and the credit institution's
charter.
Article 55. Director
General (Director)
1. The Board of
Directors, Board of Members and owners will appoint Director General (Director)
whose term of office must not exceed 05 years.
2. The Director General (Director)
is the supreme executive of the credit institution and shall take
responsibility to the Board of Directors, Board of Members and owners for the
execution of his/her rights and obligations.
3. If the Director
General (Director) is vacant, the Board of Directors, Board of Members and
owners of the credit institution shall appoint a person to act as Director
General (Director) within 90 days from the date on which the Director General
(Director) is vacant.
Article 56. Rights and
obligations of Director General (Director)
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2. Decide matters related
to day-to-day business operations of the credit institution under his/her
jurisdiction.
3. Set up the internal
control system and maintain its effective operation.
4. Make and submit
financial statements to the Board of Directors or Board of Members for approval
or for report to the competent authority for approval. Take responsibility for
the accuracy and truthfulness of financial statements, statistical reports,
settlement statistics and other financial information.
5. Issue within his/her
jurisdiction internal rules and regulations; establish professional procedures
to operate business administration and management and information systems.
6. Report on the credit
institution's business operations and results to the Board of Directors, Board
of Members, Board of Controllers, General Meeting of Shareholders and competent
state agencies.
7. Make decisions to
apply measures beyond his/her jurisdiction in cases of natural disasters, enemy
sabotage, fires and incidents, take responsibility for these decisions and
promptly report them to the Board of Directors or Board of Members.
8. Recommend and propose
organizational structure of the credit institution to the Board of Directors or
Board of Members or the General Meeting of Shareholders for decision according
to its jurisdiction.
9. Request the Board of
Directors or Board of Members to convene extraordinary meetings
10. Appoint and dismiss
holders of managerial and executive titles of the credit institution, except
for those to be decided by the General Meeting of Shareholders, owners, capital
contributors, Board of Directors or Board of Members.
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12. Propose plans to use
profits and handle losses on business of the credit institution.
13. Recruit employees;
decide salaries and bonuses of employees within his/her jurisdiction.
14. Exercise other rights
and fulfill other obligations defined by the law and the credit institution's
charter.
Article 57. Internal
control system
1. "Internal control
system” means a combination of mechanisms, policies, processes, internal
regulations and organizational structure of a credit institution with a view to
promptly controlling, preventing, detecting and handling risks.
2. The credit institution
shall develop its internal control system to meet the following requirements:
a) Operation, protection,
management and use of assets and resources are safe and effective;
b) Financial and
managerial information system is truthful, appropriate, full and prompt;
c) The system shall
follow and comply with the law, mechanisms, policies and internal regulations
and procedures.
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4. The credit institution
shall develop the internal control system and apply technologies to internal
control according to regulations of the Governor of the State Bank.
Article 58. Internal
audit
1. A credit institution
shall set up an internal audit unit under the Board of Controllers to conduct
internal audit of the credit institution.
2. The internal audit
unit shall objectively and independently review and assess the conformity and
observance of mechanisms, policies, internal regulations and procedures of the
credit institution; and give recommendations in order to improve the
effectiveness of systems, procedures and regulations, thereby contributing to
ensure safe, effective and lawful operations of the credit institution.
3. Internal audit results
shall be promptly reported to the Board of Controllers and sent to the Board of
Directors, the Board of Members, the Director General (Director) of the credit
institution.
Article 59.
Independent audit
1. Before the end of a
fiscal year, a credit institution shall select an independent audit institution
which is eligible under the State Bank's regulations to audit financial
statements and carry out internal control assurance upon formulation and
presentation of financial statements in the next fiscal year.
2. Within 30 days after
selecting an independent audit institution, the credit institution shall notify
the State Bank of such audit institution.
Section 3. CREDIT
INSTITUTION THAT IS JOINT-STOCK COMPANY
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1. A credit institution
that is a joint-stock company shall have ordinary shares. Holders of ordinary
shares are ordinary shareholders.
2. The credit institution
that is a joint-stock company may have preference shares. Holders of preference
shares are preference shareholders. Preference shares include:
a) Participating
preference shares;
b) Super-voting shares.
3. Participating
preference shares are shares that provide their holders with dividends higher
than those of ordinary shares or with stable annual dividends. Annual dividends
include fixed dividends and extra dividends. Fixed dividends do not depend on
the credit institution’s business performance and may be only paid when the
credit institution earns profits. When the credit institution suffers losses or
earns profits but such profits are insufficient for payment of fixed dividends,
fixed dividends to be paid for participating preference shares shall be accrued
in subsequent years. Fixed dividends and methods for determination of extra
dividends shall be decided by the General Meeting of Shareholders and written
on certificates of participating preference shares. Total par value of
participating preference shares must not exceed 20% of charter capital of the
credit institution.
Members of the Board of
Directors and Board of Controllers, the Director General (Director) and other
managers and executives of the credit institution shall not buy participating
preference shares issued by such credit institution. Eligible purchasers of
participating preference shares shall be defined in the charter of the credit
institution or decided by the General Meeting of Shareholders.
Rights and obligations of
participating preference shareholders shall be the same as those of ordinary
shareholders, except for the rights to vote, attend meetings of the General
Meeting of Shareholders and nominate candidates to the Board of Directors and
Board of Controllers.
4. Only institutions
authorized by the Government and founding shareholders may hold super-voting
shares. The founding shareholder’s super-voting right shall be only effective
for 03 years from the date on which the credit institution is issued with the
license. After this period, super-voting shares will become ordinary shares.
Rights and obligations of super-voting shareholders shall be the same as those
of ordinary shareholders, except for the right to transfer such shares to other
persons.
5. Ordinary shares may
not be converted into preference shares. Preference shares may be converted
into ordinary shares according to resolutions of the General Meeting of
Shareholders.
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Article 61. Rights of
ordinary shareholders
1. Attend and give
opinions at meetings of the General Meeting of Shareholders and cast votes in
person or through their authorized representatives. Each ordinary share equals
one vote.
2. Receive dividends
under resolutions of the General Meeting of Shareholders.
3. Be given priority to
buy additional shares in proportion to their ordinary shares in the credit
institution.
4. Transfer their shares
and rights to buy shares to other shareholders within the credit institution or
to other organizations or individuals under this Law and the credit
institution’s charter.
5. Consider, search and
extract information about names and addresses from the list of voting
shareholders; require modification of inaccurate information.
6. Consider, search,
extract or photocopy the credit institution’s charter, books of minutes of
meetings of the General Meeting of Shareholders and resolutions and decisions
of the General Meeting of Shareholders.
7. Receive the remaining
assets in proportion to the number of their shares in the credit institution
when it is dissolved or goes bankrupt.
8. Authorize in writing
other persons to exercise their rights and fulfill their obligations. These
authorized persons may not stand as candidates in their own capacity.
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10. The shareholder or
group of shareholders owning at least 05% of total ordinary shares (or a
smaller percentage specified in the charter of the credit institution) may
nominate persons to the Board of Directors or Board of Controllers.
Article 62.
Obligations of ordinary shareholders
1. Shareholders of a
credit institution shall fulfill the following obligations:
a) Fully pay for shares
that they commit to buy before the deadline set by the credit institution; be
responsible for debts and other asset-related obligations of the credit
institution within the limit of share capital already contributed to the credit
institution;
b) Be prohibited from
withdrawing share capital contributed from the credit institution in any form
that results in decrease in the charter capital of the credit institution,
except for the case specified in Article 65 of this Law;
c) Be responsible to the
law for the legitimacy of the sources of funding for contributing, buying,
receiving shares at the credit institution; do not use credit extended by the
credit institution or foreign bank’s branch to buy or receive shares from the
credit institution, and funding generated from corporate bond issuance; be
prohibited from contributing capital to or buying shares of the credit
institution in the name of any other individual or juridical person in any
form, unless authorized in accordance with law;
d) Comply with the
charter and internal regulations of the credit institution;
dd) Observe resolutions
and decisions of the General Meeting of Shareholders and Board of Directors;
e) Be responsible for,
when acting in the name of the credit institution in any form, any violation
they have committed or business activities and other transactions they have
conducted for self-seeking purposes or for the interests of other institutions
or individuals;
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2. The shareholder that
makes investment using funding entrusted by another institution or individual
shall provide the credit institution with information on the actual owner of
shares which they are holding under trusteeship at this credit institution. The
credit institution has the right to terminate shareholder rights of such
shareholder when detecting that they fail to provide information or provide
sufficient and accurate information on the actual owner of shares.
Article 63. Holdings
1. A shareholder that is
an individual must not own a share whose value exceeds 05% of charter capital
of a credit institution.
2. A shareholder that is
an institution must not own shares whose value exceeds 10% of charter capital
of a credit institution.
3. A shareholder and
related persons of such shareholder must not own shares whose value exceeds 15%
of charter capital of a credit institution. A major shareholder of a credit
institution and related persons of such major shareholder must not own shares
whose value is 05% or more of charter capital of another credit institution.
4. Regulations in Clause
2 and Clause 3 of this Article shall not apply to the following cases:
a) Owning shares of a
subsidiary or associate company that is the credit institution specified in
Clause 2 and Clause 3 Article 111 of this Law;
b) Owning state shares at
an equitized credit institution;
c) Owning shares of
foreign investors under Clause 7 of this Article.
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6. Within 05 years from
the date on which the credit institution is issued with the license, founding
shareholders shall hold shares whose value is at least 50% of the charter
capital of the credit institution. Founding shareholders that are juridical
persons shall hold shares whose value is at least 50% of total shares of
founding shareholders.
7. Foreign investors may
buy shares of Vietnamese credit institutions. The Government shall provide for
the maximum permissible holdings of foreign investors, a foreign investor that
is an organization, a foreign investor and their related persons in a
Vietnamese credit institution; conditions and procedures applicable to foreign
investors for purchase of shares of Vietnamese credit institutions and
requirements applicable to Vietnamese credit institutions for share sale to
foreign investors.
Article 64. Offering
and transferring shares
1. Individual
shareholders and institutional shareholders having representatives of stakes at
credit institutions that are members of Boards of Directors or Boards of
Controllers or Directors General (Directors) shall not transfer their shares
during their term of office.
Representatives of stakes
specified in this Clause exclude representatives of State's stakes in credit
institutions.
2. A member of Board of
Directors or Board of Controllers, or General Director (Director) who is going
through disciplinary process under a resolution or decision of the General
Meeting of Shareholders or a decision of the State Bank must not transfer his/her
shares, except for one of the following cases:
a) He/she acts as an
authorized representative of an institutional shareholder which is merged,
amalgamated, divided, dissolved or goes bankrupt under law;
b) He/she is forced to
transfer his/her shares under a court’s decision or judgment;
c) He/she transfers
shares to another investor in order to implement the restructuring plan, the
plan to transfer the whole stake or the mandatory transfer plan that has been
approved.
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4. Within 05 years from
the date on which the credit institution is issued with the license, founding
shareholders may only transfer their ordinary shares and participating
preference shares to other founding shareholders in case they ensure holdings
specified in Article 63 of this Law.
Article 65. Repurchase
of shareholders' shares
A credit institution may
only repurchase its shareholders' shares if after fully paying an amount in
proportion to the repurchased shares, the credit institution still ensures
safety ratios in banking operations and the actual value of charter capital is
not smaller than the legal capital of the credit institution.
Article 66. Share
certificates
A new credit institution
shall issue share certificates to its shareholders within 30 days from the date
of inauguration. In case a credit institution increases its charter capital, it
shall issue share certificates to its shareholders within 30 days from the date
on which its shareholders make full payment for subscribed shares;
Article 67. General
Meeting of Shareholders
1. The General Meeting of
Shareholders shall convene annual meetings within 4 months after the end of a
fiscal year.
2. The Board of Directors
convenes the extraordinary General Meeting of shareholders in the following
cases:
a) The Board of Directors
considers that it is necessary for interests of the credit institution;
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c) The number of
remaining members of the Board of Controllers is smaller than the minimum
number of members specified in Clause 2, Article 51 of this Law;
d) As required by a
shareholder or a group of shareholders that holds over 10% of total ordinary
shares (or a smaller percentage specified in the charter of the credit
institution);
dd) As required by the
Board of Controllers;
e) As required by the
State Bank when there are events which affect operational safety of the credit
institution;
g) Other cases specified
in the charter of the credit institution.
3. The General Meeting of
Shareholders is composed of all voting shareholders. It is the supreme
decision-making body of the credit institution that is a joint-stock company. The
General Meeting of Shareholders has the following tasks and powers:
a) Approve development
orientations of the credit institution;
b) Approve and amend the
charter of the credit institution;
c) Approve regulations on
organization and operation of the Board of Directors and Board of Controllers;
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dd) Decide remuneration,
bonuses and other benefits for members of the Board of Directors and Board of
Controllers and operating budgets of the Board of Directors and Board of
Controllers;
e) Consider and handle
violations that are committed by the Board of Directors or Board of Controllers
and cause damage to the credit institution and its shareholders according to
its jurisdiction
g) Decide organizational
structure of the credit institution;
h) Ratify plan for change
in the charter capital; approve share offering plan, covering types and
quantity of new shares to be offered;
i) Approve plan to
repurchase shares sold;
k) Ratify plan for
issuance of convertible bonds;
l) Approve the plan
specified in Article 143 of this Law;
m) Approve annual
financial statements and plan for distribution of profits after the credit
institution's tax and other financial obligations are fulfilled;
n) Ratify reports of the
Board of Directors and Board of Controllers on performance of their assigned
tasks and powers;
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p) Approve the credit
institution’s plans to contribute capital to, or purchase or sell shares/stakes
of, enterprises or other credit institutions in which the capital amount to be
contributed, estimated purchasing price or book value, in case of sale of
shares/stakes, is at least 20% of its charter capital written in its latest
financial statements which have been duly audited (or a smaller percentage
specified in the charter of the credit institution).
q) Approve the credit
institution’s decisions to invest in, purchase or sell fixed assets in which
the investment, estimated purchasing price or historical cost, in case of sale
of fixed assets, is at least 20% of its charter capital written in its latest
financial statements which have been duly audited (or a smaller percentage
specified in the charter of the credit institution);
r) Ratify other contracts
or transactions whose value is at least 20% of charter capital of the credit
institution (or a smaller percentage specified in the charter of the credit
institution), indicated in the latest financial statements which have been duly
audited, between the credit institution and members of the Board of Directors
or Board of Controllers, the Director General (Director), major shareholders,
related persons of managers, members of Board of Controllers, major
shareholders of the credit institution; subsidiaries, associate companies of
the credit institution, except for cases where commercial banks are implementing
mandatory transfer plans;
s) Decide division,
amalgamation, merger, conversion of legal forms or dissolution of, or request
the Court to establish bankruptcy procedures for the credit institution;
t) Decide selection of
independent audit institutions according to regulations in Article 59 of this
Law;
u) Decide solutions to
major financial changes of the credit institution.
4. A decision of the
General Meeting of Shareholders shall be ratified as follows:
a) The General Meeting of
Shareholders shall ratify the decision within its jurisdiction by voting at its
meeting or collecting written opinions;
b) Except for the cases
specified at points c, d and dd of this Clause, in case of ratification of the
decision by voting at the meeting, the decision of the General Meeting of
Shareholders shall be ratified when it is voted for by a number of shareholders
representing more than 50% of total votes of all participating shareholders or
in case of ratification of the decision by collecting written opinions, the decision
of the General Meeting of Shareholders shall be ratified when it is voted for
by a number of shareholders representing more than 50% of total votes of all
shareholders (or a higher percentage specified in the charter of the credit
institution);
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d) Regarding the decision
on content specified at point s Clause 3 of this Article, the decision of the
General Meeting of Shareholders shall be ratified when it is voted for by a
number of shareholders representing more than 65% of total votes of all
participating shareholders (or a higher percentage specified in the charter of
the credit institution);
dd) The election of
members of the Board of Directors and Board of Controllers shall be cumulative
voting.
5. Decisions on the
contents specified at points a, d, e and s, Clause 3 of this Article shall be
ratified by voting at meetings of the General Meeting of Shareholders.
Article 68. Reporting
resolutions and decisions of General Meeting of Shareholders
Within 15 days from the
date on which meeting of the General Meeting of Shareholders ends or the vote
count finishes in case of collection of written opinions, the credit
institution shall send all resolutions and decisions ratified by the General
Meeting of Shareholders to the State Bank.
Article 69. Board of
Directors of a credit institution that is a joint-stock company
1. Board of Directors of
a credit institution that is a joint-stock company shall have between 5 and 11
members. The number of members in each term of office shall be decided by the
General Meeting of Shareholders. The Board of Directors shall have at least 02
independent members. Two-third of total members of the Board of Directors shall
be independent members and members that are not executives of the credit
institution.
2. The term of office of
the Board of Directors shall not exceed 05 years. A member of the Board of Directors
shall have the same term of office as the Board of Directors. The term of
office of an added or replaced member of the Board of Directors is the
remaining term of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors of the
previous term shall continue to operate until the Board of Directors of the new
term takes over its work.
3. An individual and
his/her related persons or representatives of stakes of an institutional
shareholder and their related persons may be elected to hold the position of no
more than 02 members of the Board of Directors of a credit institution that is
a joint-stock company, except for representatives of the State's stakes and
mandatory transferees.
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Article 70. Tasks and
powers of Board of Directors of a credit institution that is a joint-stock
company
1. Organize establishment
and inauguration of the credit institution after the first meeting of the
General Meeting of Shareholders.
2. Request the General
Meeting of Shareholders to decide and approve matters within its tasks and
powers as defined in Clause 3, Article 67 of this Law.
3. Decide establishment
of branches, representative offices and public service providers of the credit
institution.
4. Appoint, dismiss,
discipline, suspend and decide salaries, bonuses and other benefits paid to and
provided for the General Director (Director), Deputy General Director (Deputy
Director), and other executives within its jurisdiction according to internal
regulations of the Board of Directors.
5. Appoint
representatives of stakes of the credit institution at other enterprises and credit
institutions.
6. Approve the credit
institution's plans to contribute capital to, or purchase or sell shares/stakes
of, enterprises or other credit institutions in which the capital amount to be
contributed, estimated purchasing price or book value, in case of sale of
shares/stakes, is lower than 20% of its charter capital written in its latest
financial statements which have been duly audited (or a smaller percentage
specified in the charter of the credit institution);
7. Approve the credit
institution’s decisions to invest in, purchase or sell fixed assets in which
the investment, estimated purchasing price or historical cost, in case of sale
of fixed assets, is at least 10% of its charter capital written in its latest
financial statements which have been duly audited (or a smaller percentage
specified in the charter of the credit institution), except for investment,
purchase or sale of fixed assets decided by the General Meeting of
Shareholders.
8. Decide credit
extensions according to Clause 7 Article 136 of this Law, except for other
contracts and transactions decided by the General Meeting of Shareholders.
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10. Ratify other
contracts or transactions whose value is at least 10% of charter capital of the
credit institution (or a smaller percentage specified in the charter of the
credit institution), indicated in the latest financial statements which have
been duly audited.
11. Examine, supervise
and direct the Director General (Director) to perform his/ her assigned tasks;
annually assess performance of tasks by the Director General (Director).
12. Issue internal
regulations on organization, governance and operation of the credit institution
in accordance with this Law and other relevant laws, except for matters within
the jurisdiction of General Meeting of Shareholders.
13. Decide risk
management policies and supervise implementation of risk prevention measures by
the credit institution.
14. Consider and approve
annual reports.
15. Decide to offer new
shares within the limit of eligible shares.
16. Decide offering
prices of shares and convertible bonds of the credit institution.
17. Decide repurchase of
shares of the credit institution according to the approved plan.
18. Propose a plan for
distribution of profits and dividends to be paid; decide time and procedures
for paying dividends or settling business losses.
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20. Approve working
programs and plans of the Board of Directors; programs, contents and documents
that serve meetings of the General Meeting of Shareholders; convene the General
Meeting of Shareholders or collect written opinions of shareholders in order to
ratify resolutions or decisions of the General Meeting of Shareholders.
21. Organize, examine and
supervise the implementation of resolutions or decisions of the General Meeting
of Shareholders and Board of Directors.
22. Promptly notify the
State Bank of information adversely affecting the membership status of members
of the Board of Directors or Board of Controllers or the Director General
(Director).
23. Perform other tasks
and powers under the law and the credit institution's charter.
Article 71. Rights and
obligations of Chairperson of Board of Directors of a credit institution that
is a joint-stock company
1. Formulate working
programs and plans of the Board of Directors; take responsibility for
performance of his/her rights and obligations.
2. Convene and chair
meetings of the Board of Directors.
3. On behalf of the Board
of Directors, sign documents under the jurisdiction of the Board of Directors.
4. Organize approval for
resolutions or decisions of the Board of Directors.
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6. Chair meetings of the
General Meeting of Shareholders.
7. Ensure that all
members of the Board of Directors receive adequate, objective and accurate
information and have sufficient time to discuss matters to be considered by the
Board of Directors.
8. Assign specific tasks
to each member of the Board of Directors.
9. Supervise members of
the Board of Directors performing their assigned tasks, rights and obligations.
10. Authorize another
member of the Board of Directors to perform his/her rights and obligations only
when he/she is absent or cannot perform these tasks.
11. On an annual basis,
assess performance of tasks by each member and committees of the Board of
Directors and report assessment results to the General Meeting of Shareholders.
12. Exercise other rights
and fulfill other obligations defined by the law and the credit institution's
charter.
Article 72. Rights and
obligations of members of Board of Directors of a credit institution that is a
joint-stock company
1. Honestly and carefully
exercise their rights and perform their obligations in accordance with internal
regulations of the Board of Directors and as assigned by the Chairperson of the
Board of Directors for the interests of the credit institution and its
shareholders; promote independence of independent members of the Board of
Directors of performance of rights and obligations; be responsible for
performance of their rights and obligations.
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3. Request the
Chairperson of the Board of Directors to convene extraordinary meetings.
4. Attend meetings of the
Board of Directors, discuss and vote on matters within the tasks and powers of
the Board of Directors under this Law, and assume responsibilities to the
General Meeting of Shareholders and the Board of Directors for their decisions.
If the matters conflict
with their benefits, they are not allowed to cast votes.
5. Be prohibited from
authorizing other persons to attend meetings of the Board of Directors in order
to decide the contents specified in Clauses 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14
and 18 Article 70 of this Law.
6. Observe resolutions
and decisions of the General Meeting of Shareholders and the Board of
Directors;
7. Explain the
performance of their assigned tasks to the General Meeting of Shareholders and
Board of Directors upon request.
8. Exercise other rights
and fulfill other obligations defined by the law and the credit institution's
charter.
Section 4. CREDIT
INSTITUTION THAT IS SINGLE-MEMBER LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
Article 73. Rights and
obligations of an owner of a credit institution that is a single-member limited
liability company
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b) Appoint authorized
representatives to perform his/her rights and obligations under this Law. Each
representative has a term of office of up to 5 years. Authorized
representatives must satisfy all the criteria and requirements specified in
Clause 1, Article 41 of this Law;
c) Appoint the
Chairperson and members of the Board of Members; the Head and members of the
Board of Controllers, Director General (Director), Deputy Directors General
(Deputy Directors) and the chief accountant with a term of office of up to 5
years; and dismiss such persons;
d) Decide change in the
charter capital of the credit institution; transfer part or the whole of the
charter capital of the credit institution and change legal forms of the credit
institution;
dd) Decide policies on
establishment, repurchase, contribution of capital to, increase or decrease in
stakes of, transfer of capital invested in subsidiaries and associate
companies;
e) Approve annual
financial statements; decide the use of profits after the credit institution's
tax and other financial obligations are fulfilled;
g) Decide reorganization
and dissolution, request the court to establish bankruptcy procedures for the
credit institution;
h) Decide remuneration,
salaries and other benefits paid to and provided for the Chairperson and
members of the Board of Members, the Head and members of the Board of
Controllers and the Director General (Director).
2. The owner has the
following obligations:
a) Contribute capital in
a full and punctual manner as committed;
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c) Identify and separate
his/her assets from those of the credit institution;
d) Observe law on
purchase, sale, borrowing, lending, rental and lease and other contracts and
transactions between the credit institution and the owner;
dd) Fulfill other
obligations defined by this Law and the credit institution's charter.
Article 74. Tasks and
powers of Board of Members of credit institution that is a single-member
limited liability company
1. The Board of Members
of a credit institution that is a single-member limited liability company is
composed of all representatives authorized by each owner and shall, in the
owner's name, exercise the rights and perform the obligations of the owner; in
the credit institution’s name, exercise the rights and perform the obligations
of the credit institution; and be responsible to the owner for performance of
its tasks and exercise of its powers under this Law and the charter of the
credit institution.
2. The Board of Members
has the following tasks and powers:
a) Issue and amend the
charter of the credit institution;
b) Issue annual
development strategies and business plans of the credit institution;
c) Request the credit
institution’s owners to approve and decide matters within their jurisdiction
specified at Points c, d, dd, e and g, Clause 1, Article 73 of this Law;
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dd) Decide selection of
independent audit institutions according to regulations in Article 59 of this
Law;
e) Examine, supervise and
direct the Director General (Director) to perform his/ her assigned tasks;
annually assess performance of tasks by the Director General (Director).
g) Decide to settle
business losses;
h) Decide credit
extensions according to Clause 7 Article 136 of this Law;
i) Approve the credit
institution’s plans to contribute capital to, or purchase or sell shares/stakes
of, enterprises or other credit institutions in which the capital amount to be
contributed, estimated purchasing price or book value, in case of sale of
shares/stakes, is at least 20% of its charter capital written in its latest
financial statements which have been duly audited (or a smaller percentage
specified in the charter of the credit institution).
k) Approve the credit
institution’s decisions to invest in, purchase or sell fixed assets in which
the investment, estimated purchasing price or historical cost, in case of sale
of fixed assets, is at least 20% of its charter capital written in its latest
financial statements which have been duly audited (or a smaller percentage
specified in the charter of the credit institution);
l) Ratify other contracts
or transactions between the credit institution and its subsidiaries or
associate companies; between the credit institution and the Chairperson and members
of the Board of Members, the Head and members of the Board of Controllers, the
Director General (Director), their related persons. In this case, these related
persons are not entitled to cast votes, except for other contracts and
transactions with the owner of the credit institution;
m) Decide solutions to
market development, marketing and technology transfer;
n) Issue internal
regulations on organization, governance and operation of the credit institution
in accordance with this Law and other relevant laws;
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p) Perform other tasks
and powers under the law and the credit institution's charter.
Article 75. Rights and
obligations of Chairperson of Board of Members of credit institution that is a
single-member limited liability company
1. Formulate working
programs and plans of the Board of Members; take responsibility for performance
of his/her rights and obligations.
2. Convene and chair
meetings of the Board of Members, collect opinions of members of the Board of
Members.
3. Supervise and organize
supervision of the implementation of resolutions or decisions of the Board of
Members.
4. On behalf of the Board
of Members, sign resolutions and decisions of the Board of Members.
5. Ensure that all
members of the Board of Members receive adequate, objective and accurate
information and have sufficient time to discuss matters to be considered by the
Board of Members.
6. Assign specific tasks
to each member of the Board of Members.
7. Supervise members of
the Board of Members performing their assigned tasks, rights and obligations.
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9. On an annual basis,
assess performance of tasks by each member of the Board of Members and report
assessment results to the owner.
10. Exercise other rights
and fulfill other obligations defined by the law and the credit institution's
charter.
Article 76. Rights and
obligations of members of Board of Members of credit institution that is a
single-member limited liability company
1. Honestly and carefully
exercise their rights and perform their obligations under internal regulations
of the Board of Members and as assigned by the Chairperson of the Board of
Members, for the interests of the credit institution and its owners; be
responsible for execution of their rights and obligations.
2. Inspect reports on
financial statements prepared by independent auditors; give opinions on or
request executives of the credit institution, independent auditors and internal
auditors to explain matters related to these reports.
3. Request the
Chairperson of the Board of Members to convene extraordinary meetings of the
Board of Members.
4. Attend meetings of the
Board of Members, discuss and vote on matters within the tasks and powers of
the Board of Members under this Law; assume responsibilities to owners and the
Board of Members for their decisions.
They are not allowed to
cast votes in case the matters to be voted conflict with their benefits.
5. Implement decisions of
owners and resolutions and decisions of the Board of Members.
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7. Exercise other rights
and perform other obligations under the law and the credit institution’s
charter.
Section 5. CREDIT
INSTITUTION THAT IS A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY WITH TWO OR MORE MEMBERS
Article 77. Rights and
obligations of a capital contributor
1. A capital contributor
of a credit institution that is a limited liability company with two or more
members shall be juridical person. The total number of capital contributors
shall not exceed 05. The maximum permissible holdings of a capital contributor
or a capital contributor and his/her related persons shall not exceed 50% of
charter capital of the credit institution.
Capital contribution and
holdings of domestic and foreign institutions at microfinance institutions
shall comply with regulations of the Governor of the State Bank.
2. The capital
contributor has the following rights:
a) Appoint his/her
representative to act as a member of the Board of Members or the Board of
Controllers and dismiss such representative on the basis of his/her stakes in
the credit institution or as agreed by capital contributors;
b) Be provided with
information and reports on operations of the Board of Members and Board of
Controllers, annual accounting books and financial statements and other data
and documents of the credit institution;
c) Receive shared profits
in proportion to his/her stakes after the credit institution has fulfilled tax
and other financial obligations;
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dd) Lodge complaints and
initiate lawsuits against members of the Board of Members or Board of
Controllers or the Director General (Director) in case they fail to comply or
fully and promptly comply with regulations of law, the charter of the credit
institution, resolutions and decisions of the Board of Members with regard to
the assigned rights and obligations and other cases according to law and the
charter of the credit institution.
3. The capital
contributor has the following obligations:
a) Be prohibited from
withdrawing his/her stakes in any form;
b) Comply with the
charter of the credit institution;
c) Perform other
obligations under this law and the credit institution's charter.
Article 78. Transfer
of stakes
1. Capital contributors
may transfer their stakes and be given priority to increase their stakes by
additional contribution when the credit institution increases its charter
capital.
2. The Governor of State
Bank shall specify conditions for receipt of stakes transferred of credit
institutions.
Article 79. Board of
Members of credit institution that is a limited liability company with two or
more members
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2. The Board of Members
has the following tasks and powers:
a) Have tasks and powers
specified at Points a, d, dd, e, h, i, k, m and n Clause 2, Article 74 of this
Law;
b) Decide increase or
decrease in the charter capital, and the time and method of raising capital;
c) Ratify other contracts
or transactions between the credit institution and its subsidiaries or
associate companies; between the credit institution and members of the Board of
Members, members of the Board of Controllers, the Director General (Director),
their related persons. In this case, related members are not entitled to cast
votes;
d) Report on financial
status and business results of the credit institution, performance and exercise
of the assigned tasks and powers of the Board of Members and its members as
required by capital contributors or competent state agencies;
dd) Decide to repurchase
of stakes under this Law;
e) Appoint and dismiss
the Chairperson of the Board of Members; appoint, dismiss, sign and terminate
contracts with the Director General (Director), Deputy General Director (Deputy
Director), chief accountant, managers and other executives under its internal
regulations;
g) Decide remuneration,
salaries, bonuses and other benefits of the Chairperson and members of the
Board of Members, the head and members of the Board of Controllers and the Director
General (Director);
h) Approve annual
financial statements and plans to use and distribute profits or handle losses
of the credit institution;
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k) Decide reorganization,
dissolution of, or request the Court to establish bankruptcy procedures for the
credit institution;
l) Issue annual
development strategies and business plans of the credit institution;
m) Exercise other rights
and perform other obligations under the law and the credit institution’s
charter.
3. The Chairperson of the
Board of Members has the following rights and obligations:
a) Have rights and
obligations specified at Clauses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 Article 75 of this
Law;
b) On an annual basis,
assess performance of tasks by each member and committees of the Board of
Members;
c) Exercise other rights
and perform other obligations under the law and the credit institution’s
charter.
4. Members of the Board
of Members have the following rights and obligations:
a) Have rights and
obligations specified at Clauses 1, 2 and 3 Article 76 of this Law;
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They are not allowed to
cast votes in case the matters to be voted conflict with their benefits.
c) Implement resolutions
and decisions of the Board of Members;
d) Explain the
performance of their assigned tasks to capital contributors and the Board of
Members upon request.
dd) Exercise other rights
and perform other obligations under the law and the credit institution’s
charter.
Section 6. CREDIT
INSTITUTION THAT IS COOPERATIVE
Article 80. Operation
characteristics and objectives
A credit institution
considered as a cooperative means a credit institution which is organized in a
cooperative form and operates in the banking sector with a view to providing
mutual assistance among members for effective performance of production,
business and service activities and improvement of their life. Credit
institutions that are cooperatives include cooperative banks and people's
credit funds.
Article 81. Members of
credit institutions that are cooperatives
1. Members of a
cooperative bank include all people's credit funds and other
capital-contributing juridical persons.
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Article 82.
Organizational structure of credit institution that is cooperative
1. The organizational
structure of a cooperative bank or people's credit fund is composed of the
General Meeting of Members, Board of Directors, Board of Controllers and
Director General (Director).
2. Each cooperative bank
or people's credit fund shall have an internal audit department and an internal
control system and conduct independent audit under regulations of the Governor
of State Bank.
Article 83. Charter capital
1. Charter capital of a
cooperative bank includes:
a) Capital contributed by
members;
b) Capital supported by
the State.
2. Charter capital of a
people's credit fund includes capital contributed by its members
3. The charter capital of
a cooperative bank or people's credit fund is raised from the following
sources:
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b) With regard to the
cooperative bank, capital supported by the State;
c) Additional reserve
fund of charter capital and other funds according to regulations of law;
d) Other lawful sources.
4. The amount of capital
contributed by each member shall be decided by the General Meeting of Members
according to regulations of the Governor of State Bank.
Article 84. Rights of
members
1. Attend the General
Meeting of Members or elect delegates to attend the General Meeting of Members,
and vote on matters within the jurisdiction of the General Meeting of Members.
2. Stand as candidates or
nominate other persons to the Board of Directors or Board of Controllers and
other titles under the charter of the cooperative bank and the charter of the
people's credit fund.
3. Make deposits, take
loans and receive shared profits in proportion to their stakes and the use of
services.
4. Enjoy social welfare
benefits of the cooperative bank and people's credit fund.
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6. Recommend, request the
Board of Directors, Director General (Director), the Board of Controllers to
explain operations.
7. Request the Board of
Directors or Board of Controllers to convene the extraordinary General Meeting
of Members.
8. Transfer their stakes,
benefits and obligations to others according to regulations of the Governor of
State Bank.
9. Have part or entire
amount of their stakes returned as prescribed in regulations of the Governor of
the State Bank;
10. Leave the people's
credit fund in accordance with the charter of the people's credit fund; members
that are capital-contributing juridical persons are entitled to leave the
cooperative bank in accordance with the cooperative bank's charter.
11. Exercise other rights
under the law, the charter of the cooperative bank and the charter of the
people's credit fund.
Article 85.
Obligations of members
1. Comply with
guidelines, objectives, charters and internal regulations of the cooperative
bank and the people's credit fund, resolutions and decisions of the GMM and the
Board of Directors.
2. Make capital
contributions in full and on schedule as promised in the charter of the
cooperative bank, the charter of the people's credit fund and other relevant
laws.
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4. Assume liability for
debts and other financial obligations of the cooperative bank, the people's
credit fund which is equal to their stakes in the cooperative bank or the
people's credit fund;
5. Repay loan principals
and interests of the cooperative bank, people's credit fund as committed.
6. Make compensation for
damage caused to the cooperative bank, the people's credit fund in accordance
with regulations of law, the charter of the cooperative bank and the charter of
the people's credit fund.
7. Be responsible for,
when acting in the name of the cooperative bank or the people's credit fund in
any form, any violation they have committed or business activities and other
transactions they have conducted for self-seeking purposes or for the interests
of other institutions or individuals;
8. Fulfill other
obligations defined by the law, the charter of the cooperative bank and the
charter of the people's credit fund.
Article 86. General
Meeting of Members
1. The General Meeting of
Members is the supreme decision-making body of a cooperative bank or people's
credit fund.
2. The General Meeting of
Members shall be held in the form of a plenary meeting or delegate meeting. If
the General Meeting of Members is held in the form of a delegate meeting, the
number of delegates attending the delegate meeting shall comply with the
charter of the cooperative bank, the charter of the people's credit fund. The
number of delegates shall not be fewer than 100 delegates.
3. The Board of Members
has the following tasks and powers:
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b) Approve and amend the
charter of the cooperative bank, the charter of the people's credit fund;
c) Approve regulations on
organization and operation of the Board of Directors and Board of Controllers
of the cooperative bank, the people's credit fund;
d) Ratify reports of the
Board of Directors and Board of Controllers on performance of their assigned
tasks and powers;
dd) Approve annual
financial statements and plans for distribution of profits after fulfillment of
tax and other financial obligations and settlement of losses;
e) Approve annual
business plans and plans to develop members; amount of capital contributed by
members;
g) Approve plan to change
charter capital, except for the case where the change in the charter capital
results from the change in capital contributed by members;
h) Approve the number of
members of the Board of Directors and number of members of the Board of
Controllers in each term of office; appoint and dismiss the Chairperson and
members of the Board of Directors, the Head and members of the Board of
Controllers; approve the case where a person concurrently holds the position of
member of the Board of Directors and Director or the hire of Director of the
people's credit fund;
i) Approve the
transactions involving investment, purchase or sale of fixed assets of the
cooperative bank or people's credit fund in which the investment, estimated
purchasing price or historical cost, in case of sale of fixed asset, is at
least 20% of its charter capital written in its latest financial statements
which have been duly audited or latest financial statements in case where the
people's credit fund is not required to conduct audit (or a smaller percentage
specified in the charter of the cooperative bank or people's credit fund);
k) Decide solutions to
major financial changes of the cooperative bank or people's credit fund.
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m) Consider handling
violations that are committed by the Board of Directors or Board of Controllers
and cause damage to the cooperative bank or people's credit fund and their
members within its jurisdiction;
n) Decide organizational
structure of the cooperative bank, the people's credit fund;
o) Decide exclusion of
members that are capital-contributing juridical persons of the cooperative
bank, members of the people's credit fund;
p) Voluntarily dissolve,
divide, separate, amalgamate or merge the cooperative bank or the people's
credit fund;
q) Decide selection of
independent audit institutions according to regulations in Clause 2 Article 82
of this Law;
r) Other contents
proposed by the Board of Directors, Board of Controllers or at least one third
of total members;
s) Other tasks and
obligations defined by the law, the charter of the cooperative bank or the
charter of the people's credit fund.
Article 87. Board of
Directors of a credit institution that is a cooperative
1. The Board of Directors
is a body which administers a cooperative bank or people's credit fund and is
composed of the Chairperson and other members.
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3. The term of office of
the Board of Directors shall be decided by the General Meeting of Members and
indicated in the charter. The term of office of the Board of Directors shall
not exceed 05 years. The term of office of an added or replaced member of the
Board of Directors is the remaining term of the Board of Directors. The Board
of Directors of the previous term shall continue to operate until the Board of
Directors of the new term takes over its work.
The number of terms of
office of the Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the people’s credit fund
shall comply with regulations of the Governor of the State Bank.
4. Members of the Board
of Directors shall be individual members or representative of stakes of
judicial persons
5. The Board of Directors
of the cooperative bank shall have an assistance department. The assistance
department's functions and tasks shall be specified by the Board of Directors.
6. The Chairperson and
members of the Board of Directors shall not authorize persons who are not
members of the Board of Directors to perform their rights and obligations.
7. The Board of Directors
shall use seal of the cooperative bank or people’s credit fund to perform its
tasks and powers.
Article 88. Tasks and
powers of Board of Directors of a credit institution that is a cooperative
1. Submit contents to the
General Meeting of Members for consideration and approval within jurisdiction
the General Meeting of Members.
2. Organize the
implementation of resolutions or decisions of the General Meeting of Members. Report
on business results of the cooperative bank or people’s credit fund to the
General Meeting of Members. Be responsible to the General Meeting of Members
for performance of the assigned tasks and powers under this law, the charter of
the cooperative bank, the charter of the people's credit fund.
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4. Approve the
transactions involving investment, purchase or sale of fixed assets of the
cooperative bank or people's credit fund in which the investment, estimated
purchasing price or historical cost, in case of sale of fixed asset, is from
10% to less than 20% of its charter capital written in its latest financial
statements which have been duly audited or latest financial statements in case
where the people's credit fund is not required to conduct audit (or a smaller
percentage specified in the charter of the cooperative bank or people's credit
fund);
5. Ratify other contracts
or transactions between the cooperative bank or people's credit fund and
members of the Board of Directors, members of the Board of Controllers, the
Director General (Director), their related persons. In this case, relevant
members of the Board of Directors are not entitled to cast votes.
6. Appoint, dismiss,
discipline, suspend and decide salaries, bonuses and other benefits paid to and
provided for the General Director (Director), Deputy General Director (Deputy
Director), and other executives within its jurisdiction according to internal
regulations of the Board of Directors and the law.
7. Prepare agendas of the
General Meeting of Members and convene the General Meeting of Members.
8. Admit new members,
consider withdrawal of capital-contributing juridical persons from the cooperative
bank or members from the people’s credit fund and report to the General Meeting
of Members at the latest meeting of the General Meeting of Members.
9. Examine, supervise and
direct the Director General (Director) to perform his/ her assigned tasks;
annually assess performance of tasks by the Director General (Director).
10. Issue internal
regulations on organization, governance and operation of the cooperative bank,
people's credit fund in accordance with this Law and other relevant laws,
except for matters within the jurisdiction of General Meeting of Members.
11. Supervise
implementation of risk prevention measures by the cooperative bank or people’s
credit fund.
12. Perform other tasks
and powers defined by the law, the charter of the cooperative bank or the
charter of the people's credit fund.
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1. Formulate working
programs and plans of the Board of Directors; take responsibility for
performance of his/her rights and obligations.
2. Convene and chair
meetings of the Board of Directors.
3. Chair meetings of the
General Meeting of Members.
4. Assign specific tasks
to each member of the Board of Directors.
5. Supervise members of
the Board of Directors performing their assigned tasks, rights and obligations.
6. Ensure that all
members of the Board of Directors receive adequate, objective and accurate
information and have sufficient time to discuss contents to be considered by the
Board of Directors.
7. Be responsible to the
Board of Directors and the General Meeting of Members for performance of the
assigned tasks;
8. On behalf of the Board
of Directors, sign resolutions and decisions of the Board of Directors.
9. Authorize another
member of the Board of Directors to perform his/her tasks only when he/she is
absent or cannot perform these tasks.
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Article 90. Rights and
obligations of members of Board of Directors of a credit institution that is a
cooperative
1. Honestly and carefully
exercise their rights and perform their obligations in accordance with internal
regulations of the Board of Directors and as assigned by the Chairperson of the
Board of Directors for the interests of the cooperative bank or people’s credit
fund and members; be responsible for performance of their rights and
obligations.
2. Examine financial
statements and auditors' reports on financial statements; give opinions on or
request executives of the cooperative bank, the people's credit fund,
independent auditors and internal auditors to explain matters related to these
reports and statements.
3. Request the Chairperson
of the Board of Directors to convene extraordinary meetings of the Board of
Directors.
4. Attend meetings of the
Board of Directors, discuss and vote on matters within the tasks and powers of
the Board of Directors, and assume responsibilities to the General Meeting of
Members and the Board of Directors for their decisions.
If the matters conflict
with their benefits, they are not allowed to cast votes.
5. Implement resolutions
and decisions of the General Meeting of Members and the Board of Directors.
6. Explain the
performance of their assigned tasks to the General Meeting of Members and Board
of Directors upon request.
7. Exercise other rights
and obligations defined by the law, the charter of the cooperative bank or the
charter of the people's credit fund.
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1. Board of Controllers
of a cooperative bank is composed of at least 3 members. The number of members
of the Board of Controllers of a people’s credit fund shall be consistent with
its operational scale and conformable to regulations of the Governor of the
State Bank.
2. The Board of
Controllers shall have an assistance department and an internal audit division
to perform its tasks.
3. Members of the Board
of Controllers of the cooperative bank shall be representatives of stakes of
members that are people's credit funds and individuals nominated by
capital-contributing juridical persons. Members of the Board of Controllers of
the people’s credit fund shall be individual members or representatives of
stakes of juridical persons of the people’s credit fund. In case the number of
members of the Board of Controllers is less than the minimum number of members
according to Clause 1 of this Article, within 90 days from the date on which
the minimum number of members is insufficient, the cooperative bank or people’s
credit fund shall elect and add members to the Board of Controllers in order to
ensure that the minimum number of members is sufficient, except for the case
specified in Clause 5 Article 166 of this Law.
4. The term of office of
the Board of Controllers shall be the same as that of the Board of Directors. A
member of the Board of Controllers shall have the same term of office as the
Board of Controllers. The office term of an added or replaced member of the
Board of Controllers is the remaining term of the Board of Controllers. The
Board of Controllers of the previous term shall continue to operate until the
Board of Controllers of the new term takes over its work
The number of terms of
office of the Chairperson of the Board of Controllers of the people’s credit
fund shall comply with regulations of the Governor of the State Bank.
Article 92. Tasks and
powers of Board of Controllers of a credit institution that is a cooperative
1. Supervise
administration and management by the cooperative bank or the people’s credit
fund of the observance of law, the charter of the cooperative bank, the charter
of the people’s credit fund, resolutions and decisions of General Meeting of
Members and the Board of Directors; be responsible to the General Meeting of
Members for the performance of its assigned tasks and powers according to
regulations of this Law, the charter of the cooperative bank, the charter of
the people’s credit fund.
2. Issue internal
regulations of the Board of Controllers; review internal regulations of the
Board of Controllers and those of the cooperative bank, the people’s credit
fund on accounting and report every year.
3. Appraise annual
financial statements of the cooperative bank, the people’s credit fund; report
to the General Meeting of Members on results of appraisal of financial
statements; assess reasonability, lawfulness, truthfulness and prudence upon
performance of tasks in accounting and statistics and formulation of financial
statements. The Board of Controllers may consult the Board of Directors before
submitting statements and recommendations to the General Meeting of Members.
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5. Conduct internal
audit; get access to and be fully, accurately and promptly provided with
information and documents related to administration and management of the
cooperative bank, the people's credit fund; be entitled to use resources of the
cooperative bank, the people's credit fund to perform the assigned tasks and
powers; hire experts, independent consultancy units and external organizations
to perform its tasks and take responsibility for performance of tasks of the
Board of Controllers.
6. Promptly notify the
Board of Directors when detecting that managers or executives of the
cooperative bank or people's credit fund commit violations against regulations
of law, charter and internal regulations of the cooperative bank or people's
credit fund; request violators to immediately terminate their violations and
adopt remedial measures (if any).
7. Convene the
extraordinary General Meeting of Members according to regulations of law.
8. Notify the Board of
Directors of and report to the General Meeting of Members and the State Bank
on, control results; request the Board of Directors and Director General
(Director) to take remedial actions against shortcomings and violations
committed during the operation of the cooperative bank or people's credit fund.
9. Appoint, dismiss,
discipline, suspend and decide salaries and other benefits paid to and provided
for holders of titles of the internal audit department.
10. Receive and consider
proposals concerning the cooperative bank or the people's credit fund within
its jurisdiction or submit them to the Board of Directors or the General
Meeting of Members for consideration.
11. The Head of the Board
of Controllers may attend but not vote at meetings of the Board of Directors;
require the inclusion of his/her opinions in minutes of meetings of the Board
of Directors if these opinions differ from resolutions and decisions of the
Board of Directors and report to the General Meeting of Members.
12. Perform other tasks
and powers defined by the law, the charter of the cooperative bank or the charter
of the people's credit fund.
Article 93. Rights and
obligations of Chairperson of Board of Controllers of a credit institution that
is a cooperative
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2. Convene and chair
meetings of the Board of Controllers.
3. On behalf of the Board
of Controllers, sign documents under the jurisdiction of the Board of
Controllers.
4. Prepare working plans
for and assign specific tasks to members of the Board of Controllers.
5. Ensure that members of
the Board of Controllers receive information in a complete, objective and
accurate manner and have enough time to discuss matters to be considered by the
Board of Controllers.
6. Supervise and direct
members of the Board of Controllers to perform their tasks and execute their
rights and obligations.
7. Authorize another
member of the Board of Controllers to perform his/her tasks only when he/she is
absent or cannot perform these tasks.
8. Exercise other rights
and obligations defined by the law, the charter of the cooperative bank or the
charter of the people's credit fund.
Article 94. Rights and
obligations of members of Board of Controllers of a credit institution that is
a cooperative
1. Honestly and carefully
comply with the law, the charter of the cooperative bank, the charter of the
people’s credit fund and internal regulations of the Board of Controllers for
the interests of the cooperative bank, the people’s credit fund and their
members; be responsible for performance of their rights and obligations.
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3. Control business
activities, accounting books, assets and financial statements and recommend
remedial measures.
4. Request managers,
executives and employees of the cooperative bank, the people’s credit fund to
provide statistics and explain business operations in order to perform the
assigned tasks.
5. Report financial
activities that are abnormal to the Head of the Board of Controllers and take
responsibilities for their own assessment and conclusions.
6. Attend meetings of the
Board of Controllers, discuss and vote on matters within the scope of tasks and
powers of the Board of Controllers, except for those that conflict with their
interests.
7. Exercise other rights
and obligations defined by the law, the charter of the cooperative bank or the
charter of the people's credit fund.
Article 95. Director
General (Director) of a credit institution that is a cooperative
1. The Board of Directors
shall appoint Director General (Director) of a cooperative bank or people’s
credit fund. The term of office of the Director General (Director) shall not
exceed 05 years.
2. The Director General
(Director) is the supreme executive who administers daily activities of the
cooperative bank or people's credit fund; he/she shall be supervised by, take
responsibility to the Board of Directors and the law for performance of the
assigned tasks and powers.
3. If the Director
General (Director) is vacant, the Board of Directors shall appoint a person to
act as Director General (Director) within 90 days from the date on which the
Director General (Director) is vacant.
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1. Submit contents to the
Board of Directors within its jurisdiction.
2. Organize the
implementation of resolutions and decisions of the General Meeting of Members
and the Board of Directors.
3. Conduct business
plans; decide matters related to day-to-day business operations of the
cooperative bank or people's credit fund under his/her jurisdiction.
4. Set up the internal
control system and maintain its effective operation.
5. Make and submit
financial statements to the Board of Directors for approval or to report to the
competent authority for approval. Take responsibility for the accuracy and
truthfulness of financial statements, statistical reports, settlement
statistics and other financial information.
6. Issue within his/her
jurisdiction internal rules and regulations; establish professional procedures
to operate business administration and management and information systems.
7. Report business
operations conducted by the cooperative bank or people’s credit fund and
results of such operations to the Board of Directors, Board of Controllers,
General Meeting of Members and competent state agencies.
8. Make decisions to
apply measures beyond his/her jurisdiction in cases of natural disasters, enemy
sabotage, fires and incidents, take responsibility for these decisions and
promptly report them to the Board of Directors.
9. Request the Board of
Directors to convene extraordinary meetings.
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11. In the name of the
cooperative bank or people’s credit fund, sign contracts and transactions
according to the charter and internal regulations of the cooperative bank or
people’s credit fund.
12. Propose plans to use
profits and handle losses on business of the cooperative bank or people’s
credit fund.
13. Recruit employees;
decide salaries and bonuses of employees within his/her jurisdiction.
14. Exercise other rights
and obligations defined by the law, the charter of the cooperative bank or the
charter of the people's credit fund.
Section 7. FOREIGN
BANK’S BRANCH
Article 97. Organizational
structure of foreign bank’s branch
1. Organizational
structure of a foreign bank’s branch shall be decided by the foreign bank and
conformable with regulations of this Law on administration,
regulations in Article 57 and Article 59 of this Law on internal audit and
control systems; the internal audit shall comply with regulations of the
foreign bank.
2. If a foreign bank has
two or more branches operating in Vietnam and does accounting and reporting for
all of them, the foreign bank shall authorize the Director General (Director)
of a branch to take responsibility to law for all operations of foreign bank
branches in Vietnam.
Article 98. Director
General (Director) of foreign bank’s branch
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2. The Director General
(Director) of the foreign bank's branch shall not currently act as the head of
a representative office of the foreign bank in Vietnam, manager or executive of
another credit institution or business organization.
3. The Director General
(Director) of the foreign bank's branch shall meet all criteria and
requirements specified in Clause 4 Article 41 of this Law. A person to be
appointed as General Director (or Director) of the foreign bank’s branch shall
obtain written approval from the State Bank before he/she is appointed.
Documents on and
procedures for approval of the person to be appointed as General Director (or
Director) of the foreign bank’s branch and notification of the appointed person
shall comply with regulations in Clause 2 and Clause 3 Article 44 of this Law.
Chapter V
OPERATIONS OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS AND
FOREIGN BANK BRANCHES
Section
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS ON OPERATIONS OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
Article 99.
Permissible operations of credit institutions
1. Banking operations and
other business activities of each credit institution shall be indicated in the
license issued to such credit institution.
2. Banking operations of
credit institutions specified in this Law shall comply with regulations issued
by the Governor of the State Bank.
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1. Credit institutions may
fix and shall publicize deposit interest rates and service charges in their
business activities.
2. Credit institutions
and their clients may agree on interest rates and credit extension charges to
be applied to their banking operations according to the law on credit
institutions.
3. If banking operations
experience abnormal developments, in order to ensure safety for the credit
institution system, the Governor of the State Bank shall provide for a
mechanism for determining charges and interest rates applicable to business
activities of credit institutions.
Article 101. Internal
regulations
1. Pursuant to this Law,
regulations of the Governor of State Bank and other relevant laws, credit
institutions shall formulate and issue internal regulations on their
professional operations, including professional operations performed by
electronic means, thereby ensuring the availability of internal control and
audit and risk management mechanisms in association with each business activity
and plans to tackle cases of emergency.
2. Each credit
institution shall issue internal regulations on the following contents:
a) Credit extension and
management of credit extension;
b) Classification of
assets, establishment and use of provisions for risks’
c) Assessment of quality
of assets and observance of minimum capital adequacy ratios;
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dd) Internal control and
audit in conformity with the nature and scale of the credit institution;
e) Internal credit rating
system in case where the credit institution shall build an internal credit
rating system according to regulations of the law on credit institutions;
g) Administration of
risks arising from its operations;
h) Anti-money laundering;
i) Plans to tackle cases
of emergency.
3. Credit institutions
shall send internal regulations specified in Clause 2 of this Article to the
State Bank within 10 days from the date of issuance.
Article 102.
Consideration and approval for credit extension, and inspection of use of loans
and financial lease assets
1. Credit institutions
shall request clients to provide data and documents proving the feasibility of
their capital use plans, their financial capability and the lawfulness of
capital use before deciding credit extension, except for the case specified in
Clause 2 of this Article.
2. Credit institutions
shall obtain at least information about the lawful capital use purposes and
financial capability of clients before deciding credit extension for the following
small-value credit extensions:
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b) Financial leases,
consumption loans and credit extensions via cards of non-bank credit
institutions;
c) Personal loans of
people’s credit funds;
d) Loans of microfinance
institutions.
3. Clients shall provide
information, documents and data as specified in Clauses 1 and 2 of this Article
and information about related persons for credit institutions upon application
for credit extension.
4. Credit institutions
shall consider approving credit extension on the principle of assignment of
responsibilities in the assessment and decision-making stages.
5. Credit institutions
are entitled and obliged to inspect and supervise the use of loans and
financial lease assets and debt repayment by their clients specified in Clause
1 of this Article; are entitled to request loan borrowers and financial lessees
to report the use of loans and financial lease assets and provide documents and
data proving that such loans and financial lease assets are used for the
intended purposes.
6. Clients are obliged to
use loans and financial lease assets for the proper purposes as committed, and
make full and punctual payment of principals, interests and charges as agreed
upon.
7. Credit institutions
and clients shall agree on application or non-application of security measures
to credit extension.
8. The Governor of State
Bank shall prescribe the small value of credit extensions, the inspection and
supervision of use of loans and financial lease assets and the repayment of
debts by clients specified in Clause 2 of this Article; the identification of
clients who must provide information about related persons and information to
be provided for credit institutions upon application for credit extension, and
consideration and approval for credit extension by electronic means.
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1. Credit institutions
are entitled to terminate credit extension and collect debts prior to the due
date when detecting that clients have provided false information or violated
credit extension contracts and agreements, security contracts.
2. In case where the
parties have no any other agreement, a credit institution is entitled to settle
debts and collateral according to the credit extension contract or agreement,
or security contract and regulations of law. The rescheduling, sale and
purchase of debts by credit institutions shall comply with regulations issued
by the Governor of the State Bank.
3. In case a borrower or
its/his/her guarantor cannot pay a debt due to bankruptcy, the credit
institution shall collect the debt under the bankruptcy law.
4. Credit institutions
are entitled to decide exemption or reduction in interest rates and charges for
clients in accordance with their internal regulations.
Article 104. Retention
of credit records
1. Credit institutions
shall retain credit records, including:
a) Data and documents on
application for credit extension;
b) Documents and data on
appraisal and decision on credit extension;
c) Credit extension
contracts or agreements; dossiers on security measures in case where security
measures are applied;
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2. The duration of
retention of credit records shall comply with regulations of the law on
retention.
Article 105.
E-transactions in operations of credit institutions
Credit institutions may
carry out operations through electronic means in accordance with regulations of
the Governor of State Bank and the law on e-transactions.
Article 106.
Regulatory sandbox in banking sector
1. Regulatory sandbox in
banking sector means an environment that allows experiments on technologies,
products, services and business models in banking sector with limited scale,
space and duration of implementation; institutions participating in the
regulatory sandbox shall satisfy conditions and criteria for approval of
participants and be subject to supervision by competent state agencies.
2. The Government shall
elaborate this Article.
Section 2. OPERATIONS
OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
Article 107. Banking
operations of commercial banks
1. Receiving demand
deposits, term deposits, savings deposits and deposits of other types.
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3. Extending credit by:
a) Lending;
b) Discounting or
re-discounting;
c) Bank guarantee;
d) Issuance of credit
cards;
dd) Domestic or
international factoring for banks licensed for international payment;
e) Letter of credit;
g) Other forms of credit
extension according to regulations of the Governor of the State Bank;
4. Opening payment
accounts for clients.
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6. Supplying the
following A2A payment services:
a) Domestic payment
services, including check, payment order, collection order, money transfer,
bank card, and collection and payment services;
b) International payment
services after obtainment of the State Bank's approval and other payment
services according to regulations of the Governor of State Bank.
Article 108.
Borrowing, depositing money, purchasing and selling valuable papers by
commercial banks
1. Commercial banks may
borrow loans from the State Bank in the form of re-financing under the Law on
State Bank of Vietnam.
2. Commercial banks may
purchase or sell valuable papers from/to the State Bank under the Law on State
Bank of Vietnam.
3. Commercial banks may
grant and borrow loans, make and receive deposits, purchase and sell valuable
papers on a definite term from/to credit institutions and foreign bank branches
in accordance with regulations of the Governor of the State Bank.
4. Commercial banks may
borrow loans from foreign countries in accordance with regulations of law.
Article 109. Opening
accounts
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2. A commercial bank may
open a payment account at a credit institution that may provide via-account
payment services.
3. A commercial bank may
open an offshore payment account in accordance with the law on foreign
exchange.
Article 110.
Organization of and participation in payment systems
1. Commercial banks may
organize their internal payment systems and participate in the national
inter-bank payment system.
2. Commercial banks may
participate in international payment systems if they meet conditions under
regulations of the Government and obtain the written approval from the State
Bank.
3. The Governor of the
State Bank shall elaborate documents on and procedures for approving of
commercial banks participating in international payment systems.
Article 111. Capital
contribution and share purchase
1. Each commercial bank
may only use its charter capital and reserve fund to contribute capital or
purchase shares under Clauses 2, 3, 4 and 8 of this Article.
2. Commercial banks shall
establish or acquire subsidiaries or associate companies to conduct the
following business activities:
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b) Financial leasing;
c) Insurance.
3. Commercial banks may
establish or acquire subsidiaries or associate companies operating in fields,
including management of debts and utilization of assets, remittance, gold
trade, factoring, and issuance of credit cards, consumer credit, intermediary
payment services and credit information.
4. Commercial banks may
contribute capital to, or purchase shares from, enterprises operating in the
following fields:
a) Insurance, securities,
remittance, gold trade, factoring, issuance of credit cards, consumer credit,
intermediary payment services and credit information;
b) Other fields other
than those specified at Point a of this Clause after obtainment of the written
approval from the State Bank.
5. Commercial banks shall
establish or acquire subsidiaries or associate companies according to
regulations in Clause 2 and Clause 3 of this Article after obtaining written
approval from the State Bank.
6. The Governor of State
Bank shall provide for requirements, documents, and procedures for approval for
establishment and acquisition of subsidiaries or associate companies, capital
contribution and share purchase by commercial banks; conditions for increase in
capital at subsidiaries or associate companies of commercial banks; operations
of subsidiaries or associate companies of commercial banks in the fields of
management of debts and utilization of assets.
7. Commercial banks shall
establish subsidiaries or associate companies according to regulations of this
Law and other relevant laws.
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Article 112. Foreign
exchange trade and provision of foreign exchange services and derivative
products
1. After obtaining the
State Bank's written approval, commercial banks may trade and provide domestic
and foreign clients with the following products and services:
a) Foreign exchange;
b) Derivatives regarding
interest rates, foreign exchange, currency and other financial products.
2. The Governor of State
Bank shall provide for the scope of foreign exchange trade, provision of
foreign exchange services, trade and provision of derivative products;
conditions, documents and procedures for approval for foreign exchange trade,
provision of foreign exchange services, and trade and provision of derivative
products by commercial banks.
3. Foreign exchange trade
and provision of foreign exchange services by commercial banks for clients
shall comply with the law on foreign exchange.
Article 113.
Entrustment and agents, assignment of agents
1. Commercial banks are
entitled to entrust, undertake entrustment or act as agents in banking
operations, or assign agents to make payment in accordance with regulations of
the Governor of State Bank.
2. Commercial banks may
carry out insurance agency activities in accordance with the law on insurance
business within the scope of insurance agency activities as specified by the
Governor of State Bank.
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1. Commercial banks may
carry out other business activities in accordance with regulations of the
Governor of State Bank. To be specific:
a) Cash management,
treasury services provided for credit institutions and foreign bank branches, asset
management and preservation and leasing of security cabinets and safes.
b) Money transfer,
collection, payment and other payment services without accounts;
c) Purchase and sale of
the State Bank’s bills and corporate bonds; purchase and sale of other valuable
papers, except for the valuable papers specified at Point a, Clause 2 of this
Article;
d) Monetary brokerage
services;
dd) Gold trade;
e) Other services related
to factoring and letters of credit;
g) Consultancy on banking
operations and other business activities specified in licenses.
2. Commercial banks may
carry out other business activities in accordance with regulations of relevant
laws. To be specific:
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b) Issuing bonds;
c) Conducting securities
depository activities;
d) Carrying out
supervisory bank activities;
dd) Acting as agents that
manage collateral of lenders which are international financial institutions,
foreign credit institutions, credit institutions, foreign bank branches.
3. Commercial banks are
entitled to carry out other business activities related to banking operations
other than those specified in Clause 1 and Clause 2 of this Article according
to regulations of the Governor of the State Bank and other relevant laws.
Section 3. OPERATIONS
OF GENERAL FINANCE COMPANIES
Article 115. Banking
operations of general finance companies
1. Receipt of demand
deposits and term deposits of organizations/institutions.
2. Issuance of deposit
certificates with a view to raising capital from organizations/ institutions.
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4. Bank guarantee.
5. Discounting or
re-discounting.
6. Issuance of credit
cards, factoring, financial leasing.
7. Other forms of credit
extension according to regulations of the Governor of the State Bank.
Article 116. Borrowing
and depositing money, purchasing and selling valuable papers by general finance
companies
1. General finance
companies may borrow loans from the State Bank in the form of re-financing
under the Law on State Bank of Vietnam.
2. General finance
companies may purchase and sell valuable papers from/to the State Bank under
the Law on State Bank of Vietnam.
3. General finance
companies may grant and borrow loans, make and receive deposits, purchase and
sell valuable papers on a definite term from/to credit institutions and foreign
bank branches in accordance with regulations of the Governor of the State Bank.
4. General finance
companies may borrow loans from foreign countries in accordance with
regulations of law.
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1. A general finance
company involved in deposit receipt shall open a payment account at the State
Bank and maintain a compulsory reserve amount on this account.
2. A general finance company
may open a payment account at a commercial bank or a foreign bank’s branch.
3. A general finance
company licensed to issue credit cards may open an account at a foreign bank
under the law on foreign exchange.
4. A general finance
company may open deposit accounts and loan management accounts and provide such
accounts for clients.
Article 118. Capital
contribution and share purchase
1. General finance
companies may only use their charter capital and reserve funds to contribute
capital or purchase shares under Clauses 2 and 3 of this Article.
2. General finance
companies may only contribute capital to or purchase shares of enterprises and
investment funds.
3. General finance
companies may only establish or acquire subsidiaries or associate companies operating
in fields, including insurance, securities, debt management and asset
utilization, after obtaining written approval from the State Bank.
4. The Governor of State
Bank shall provide for requirements, documents and procedures for approval for
establishment and acquisition of subsidiaries or associate companies by general
finance companies; conditions for increase in capital at subsidiaries or
associate companies of general finance companies; operations of subsidiaries or
associate companies of general finance companies in the fields of management of
debts and utilization of assets.
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Article 119. Other
business activities of general finance companies
1. General finance
companies may carry out other business activities in accordance with
regulations of the Governor of State Bank. To be specific:
a) Receiving capital
under entrustment by organizations and individuals for permissible credit
extension; entrusting capital to other credit institutions for credit extension
of such general finance companies;
b) Purchasing and selling
the State Bank’s bills and corporate bonds; purchasing and selling other
valuable papers, except for the valuable papers specified at Point a, Clause 2
of this Article;
c) Trading foreign
exchange and providing foreign exchange services;
d) Providing asset
preservation services for clients;
dd) Other services
related to factoring;
e) Giving advice on
banking operations and other business activities specified in licenses.
2. General finance
companies may carry out other business activities in accordance with
regulations of relevant laws. To be specific:
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b) Issuing bonds to raise
capital from organizations/institutions;
c) Acting as insurance
agents in accordance with the law on insurance business within the scope of
insurance agency activities as specified by the Governor of State Bank.
3. General finance
companies are entitled to carry out other business activities related to
banking operations other than those specified in Clause 1 and Clause 2 of this
Article according to regulations of the Governor of the State Bank and other
relevant laws.
Section 4. OPERATIONS
OF SPECIALIZED FINANCE COMPANIES
Article 120. Banking
operations of specialized finance companies
1. Factoring finance
companies may carry out the following banking operations:
a) Factoring;
b) Banking operations
specified in Clauses 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7, Article 115 of this Law.
2. Consumer credit
finance companies may carry out the following banking operations:
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b) Banking operations specified
in Clauses 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7, Article 115 of this Law.
3. Financial leasing
companies may carry out the following banking operations:
a) Financial leasing;
b) Banking operations
specified in Clauses 1, 2, 3 and 7, Article 115 of this Law;
c) Purchasing and
subleasing in the form of financial leasing.
4. Financial leasing
means extension of medium- or long-term credit under a financial leasing
contract and must satisfy one of the following conditions:
a) Upon the termination
of the lease term under contract, the lessee is entitled to ownership right
over the leased asset or continue the asset lease as agreed upon by the two
parties;
b) Upon the termination
of the lease term under contract, the lessee is prioritized to purchase the
leased asset at a nominal price lower than the actual value of the leased asset
at the time of purchase;
c) The lease term of an
asset is at least equal to 60% of the time required for its depreciation;
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5. Specialized finance
companies shall maintain ratio of balance of main credit extension operation to
total balance of credit extension in accordance with regulations of the Governor
of the State Bank.
Article 121. Borrowing
loans, making deposits, purchasing and selling valuable papers by specialized
finance companies
Specialized finance
companies shall grant and borrow loans, make and receive deposits, purchase and
sell valuable papers in accordance with Article 116 of this Law.
Article 122. Opening
accounts
1. Specialized finance
companies shall open accounts according to regulations in Clauses 1,2 and 4 of
Article 117 of this Law.
2. Consumer credit
finance companies involved in issuance of credit cards may open accounts at
foreign banks in accordance with the law on foreign exchange.
Article 123. Capital
contribution and share purchase
1. Specialized finance
companies may only use their charter capital and reserve funds to contribute
capital or purchase shares under Clauses 2 and 3 of this Article.
2. Specialized finance
companies may only contribute capital to, or purchase shares from, enterprises
operating the fields of management of debts and utilization of assets.
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4. The Governor of State
Bank shall provide for requirements, documents and procedures for approval for
establishment and acquisition of subsidiaries or associate companies by
specialized finance companies; conditions for increase in capital at
subsidiaries or associate companies of specialized finance companies;
operations of subsidiaries or associate companies of specialized finance
companies in the fields of management of debts and utilization of assets.
5. Specialized finance
companies shall establish subsidiaries or associate companies operating the
fields of management of debts and utilization of assets according to
regulations of this Law and other relevant laws.
Article 124. Other
business activities of specialized finance companies
1. Specialized finance
companies may carry out other business activities in accordance with
regulations of the Governor of State Bank. To be specific:
a) Receiving capital
under entrustment for permissible credit extension;
b) Entrusting capital to
other credit institutions for lending and main credit extension of such
specialized finance companies;
c) Purchasing and selling
the State Bank's bills, deposit certificates issued by credit institutions and
foreign bank branches;
d) Trading foreign
exchange and providing foreign exchange services;
dd) Giving advice on
banking operations and other business activities specified in licenses.
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g) Factoring finance
companies may provide other services related to factoring.
2. Specialized finance
companies may carry out other business activities in accordance with
regulations of relevant laws. To be specific:
a) Purchasing and selling
debt instruments of the Government, government-backed bonds, and local
government bonds;
b) Issuing bonds to raise
capital from organizations/institutions;
c) Acting as insurance
agents in accordance with the law on insurance business within the scope of
insurance agency activities as specified by the Governor of State Bank.
3. Specialized finance
companies are entitled to carry out other business activities related to
banking operations other than those specified in Clause 1 and Clause 2 of this
Article according to regulations of the Governor of the State Bank and other
relevant laws.
Section 5. OPERATIONS
OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE COOPERATIVES
Article 125.
Operations of cooperative banks
1. Cooperative banks
shall carry out the following operations:
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b) Conducting some
banking operations and other business activities specified in Section 2 of this
Chapter;
c) Supporting development
of products and services and professional training for people’s credit funds;
d) Inspecting and
supervising people’s credit funds;
dd) Conducting internal
audit of people’s credit funds if necessary;
e) Appointing qualified
personnel to hold the titles of Chairperson of the Board of Directors, Director
and other managerial and executive titles of each people’s credit fund as
required by the State Bank.
2. Each cooperative bank
shall manage and use the people's credit fund system safety assurance fund.
3. The Governor of State
Bank shall elaborate Clause 1 of this Article and the deduction, management and
use of the people's credit fund system safety assurance fund.
Article 126. Operations
of people’s credit funds.
1. Receiving deposits in
Vietnam Dong.
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3. Providing money
transfer, collection and payment services for their members and clients, except
for opening of payment accounts for clients.
4. Conducting other
business activities, including:
Receiving capital under
entrustment by organizations and individuals for giving loans;
b) Acting as agents that
provide payment services for cooperative banks with respect to their members
and clients;
c) Borrowing loans and
depositing money at cooperative banks; borrowing loans from credit institutions
and foreign bank branches. People’s credit funds must not grant loans and make
deposits with each other;
d) Participating in
contribution of capital to cooperative banks;
dd) Opening payment
accounts at the State Bank, commercial banks, cooperative banks, foreign bank
branches;
e) Acting as agents in a
number of fields related to banking operations and asset preservation;
g) Acting as insurance
agents in accordance with the law on insurance business within the scope of
insurance agency activities as specified by the Governor of State Bank;
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5. The Governor of the
State Bank shall elaborate this Article and the area of operation of each
people's credit fund in the license.
Section 6. OPERATIONS
OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
Article 127. Banking
operations of microfinance institutions
1. Microfinance institutions
receive deposits in Vietnam dong in the following forms:
a) Compulsory savings
under their regulations;
b) Deposits of
organizations and individuals, including voluntary deposits of microfinance
clients, except for those for payment purposes.
2. Microfinance
institutions grant loans in Vietnam dong. Microfinance institutions’ loans may
be secured by compulsory savings or guaranteed by the group of depositors or
loan borrowers.
3. Each microfinance
institution shall maintain a ratio of the total balance of loans granted to
each low-income individual/ household/micro-sized enterprise to the total loan
balance; and maximum loan balance for a client.
4. The Governor of the
State Bank shall elaborate this Article and the identification of clients as low-income
individuals and households.
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1. Microfinance
institutions may open payment accounts at the State Bank, commercial banks and
foreign bank branches.
2. Microfinance
institutions must not open payment accounts for their clients.
Article 129. Borrowing
loans and making deposits
1. Microfinance
institutions are entitled to borrow loans from, make and receive deposits at
credit institutions and foreign bank branches according to regulations of the
Governor of State Bank.
2. Microfinance
institutions may borrow loans from foreign countries in accordance with
regulations of law.
Article 130. Other
business activities of microfinance institutions
1. Other business
activities of microfinance institutions:
a) Entrusting capital or
receiving capital under entrustment by organizations and individuals for giving
loans;
b) Acting as agents that
provide payment services for banks with respect to their clients;
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d) Acting as insurance
agents in accordance with the law on insurance business within the scope of
insurance agency activities as specified by the Governor of State Bank;
dd) Giving advice on
banking operations and other business activities specified in licenses.
2. The Governor of the
State Bank shall elaborate this Article.
Section 7. OPERATIONS
OF FOREIGN BANK BRANCHES
Article 131.
Operations of foreign bank branches
1. Foreign bank branches
may conduct operations specified in Section 1 and Section 2 of this Chapter,
except for the following operations:
a) Operations specified
in Article 111 of this Law;
b) Operations not
permitted to be conducted by the parent bank of foreign bank branches in the
country where it is headquartered.
2. Foreign bank branches
are entitled to provide some foreign exchange services in the international
market for their clients in Vietnam under the law on foreign exchange.
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FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES
Article 132.
Establishment of foreign representative offices
Foreign credit
institutions and other foreign institutions engaged in banking operations are
entitled to establish representative offices in provinces and
central-affiliated cities in the Vietnamese territory. In each province or
central- affiliated city, a foreign credit institution or another foreign
institution engaged in banking operations may only establish one representative
office.
Article 133.
Operations of foreign representative offices
Foreign representative
offices may conduct the following operations as specified in licenses.
1. Carrying out functions
of liaison offices;
2. Conducting market
surveys;
3. Promoting investment
projects of foreign credit institutions or other foreign institutions engaged
in banking operations in Vietnam;
4. Accelerating and
monitoring execution of contracts, transactions and agreements signed between
foreign credit institutions or other foreign institutions engaged in banking
operations and Vietnamese credit institutions or enterprises, and projects
funded by foreign credit institutions or other foreign institutions engaged in
banking operations in Vietnam;
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Chapter VII
RESTRICTIONS ON SAFE OPERATIONS OF CREDIT
INSTITUTIONS AND FOREIGN BANK BRANCHES
Article 134. Cases of
ineligibility for credit extension
1. A credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch must not extend credit to the following organizations
and individuals:
a) Members of the Board
of Directors, Board of Members or Board of Controllers, the Director General
(Director), Deputy Director(s) General (Deputy Director(s)) and holders of
equivalent positions under regulations of the credit institution’s charter;
Director General (Director), Deputy Director(s) General (Deputy Director(s)) of
the foreign bank’s branch; juridical persons that are shareholders whose stake
representatives are members of the Board of Directors or Board of Controllers
of the credit institution, (with regard to credit institutions that are
joint-stock companies), or juridical persons that are capital contributors or
owners of the credit institution, (with regard to credit institutions that are
limited liability companies);
b) Parents, spouses,
children and siblings of members of the Board of Directors, Board of Members or
Board of Controllers, the Director General (Director), Deputy Directors General
(Deputy Directors) and holders of equivalent positions under regulations of the
credit institution’s charter; Director General (Director), Deputy Director(s) General
(Deputy Director(s)) of the foreign bank’s branch.
2. Regulations of Clause
1 of this Article do not apply to people's credit funds and credit extension in
the form of issuance of personal credit cards.
3. Each credit
institution/foreign bank’s branch must not extend credit to its clients on the
basis of guarantee offered by any entity specified in Clause 1 of this Article.
Each credit institution/foreign bank’s branch must not offer guarantee in any
form for credit extended to any entity defined in Clause 1 of this Article by
another credit institution or foreign bank’s branch.
4. The credit institution
must not extend credit to a securities enterprise which is its subsidiary or
associate company.
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6. The credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch must not extend credit for the purpose of capital
contribution or purchase of shares of another credit institution.
7. Credit extension
specified in Clauses 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this Article includes purchase, hold
of and investment in corporate bonds.”
Article 135.
Restrictions on credit extension
1. A credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch must not extend unsecured credit or concessional
credit to the following entities:
a) Audit institution and
auditors that are auditing the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch; the
inspection decision-maker, members of inspectorate and the person supervising
operations of the inspectorate that is conducting inspection at the credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch;
b) Chief accountant of
the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch; the Chairperson and members of
the Board of Directors, the head and members of the Board of Controllers, the
Director, Deputy Director of the people's credit fund;
c) Major shareholders and
founding shareholders of the credit institution;
d) Enterprise in which
one of the entities specified in Clause 1, Article 134 of this Law owns more
than 10% of its charter capital;
dd) Any person who
appraises and approves credit extension at the credit institution or foreign
bank’s branch, except for the cases of credit extension in the form of issuance
of personal credit cards;
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2. The total balance of
credit extension to the entities defined at Points a, b, c, d and dd, Clause 1
of this Article must not exceed 05% of the equity of the credit institution or
foreign bank branch.
3. Credit extension to
the entities defined in Clause 1 of this Article shall be approved by the Board
of Directors or the Board of Members of the credit institution. Credit
extension to the entities specified in point dd Clause 1 of this Article shall
comply with regulations of the Governor of State Bank. Credit extension shall
be publicized within the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch.
4. The total balance of
credit extension to an entity defined at Point e Clause 1 of this Article must
not exceed 10% of the equity of the credit institution; the total balance of
credit extension to all entities defined at Point e Clause 1 of this Article
must not exceed 15% of the equity of the credit institution.
5. The total balance of
credit extension mentioned in Clause 2 of this Article includes purchase, hold
of and investments in corporate bonds issued by the entities specified in Point
a, Point c and Point d Clause 1 of this Article; the total balance of credit
extension mentioned in Clause 4 of this Article includes purchase, hold of and
investments in bonds issued by the entities specified in Point e Clause 1 of
this Article.
Article 136. Limits on
credit extension
1. The total balance of
credit extension to a single client or a single client and his/her related
persons of a commercial bank, cooperative bank, foreign bank’s branch, people’s
credit fund or microfinance institution must not exceed:
a) From the effective
date of this Law to before January 1, 2026: 14% of its equity for a single
client; 23% of its equity for a single client and his/her related persons;
b) From January 1, 2026
to before January 1, 2027: 13% of its equity for a single client; 21% of its
equity for a single client and his/her related persons;
c) From January 1, 2027
to before January 1, 2028: 12% of its equity for a single client; 19% of its
equity for a single client and his/her related persons;
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dd) From January 1, 2029:
10% of its equity for a single client; 15% of its equity for a single client and
his/her related persons;
2. With regard to a
non-bank credit institution, the total balance of credit extension to a single
client must not exceed 15% of its equity; the total balance of credit extension
to a single client and his/her related persons must not exceed 25% of its
equity.
3. The total balance of
credit extension specified in Clause 1 or 2 of this Article excludes loans
sourced from capital entrusted by the Government, organizations and individuals
where the entrusted credit institutions or foreign bank branches do not bear
the risk, or loans granted to borrowers that are other credit institutions or
foreign bank branches.
4. The total balance of
credit extension specified in Clause 1 or Clause 2 of this Article includes
purchase, hold of and investments in bonds issued by the client and his/her
related persons.
5. Limits on and
conditions for credit extension for investment and trade in stocks and
corporate bonds of credit institutions and foreign bank branches shall comply
with regulations of the Governor of State Bank.
6. In case a single
client and his/her related persons need capital in excess of the limits on
credit extension specified in Clause 1 or 2 of this Article, the credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch may extend syndicated credit under
regulations of the Governor of the State Bank.
7. In special cases, for
the purpose of performance of socio-economic tasks, if the financial capacity
of the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch fails to meet the need of a
client, the Prime Minister will consider raising the credit extension limits in
case the total credit extension balance exceeds the limits mentioned in Clause
1 or Clause 2 of this Article on a case-by-case basis.
The Prime Minister shall
specify the conditions, necessary documents and procedures for raising the
credit extension limits in case the total credit extension balance exceeds the
limits mentioned in Clause 1 or Clause 2 of this Article.
8. The total credit
extended by a credit institution or foreign bank’s branch under Clause 7 of
this Article must not exceed 4 times of its equity.
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Article 137. Limits on
capital contribution and share purchase
1. The capital
contributed or shares purchased by a commercial bank and its subsidiaries and
associate companies to or from an enterprise operating in any sector specified
in Clause 4, Article 111 of this Law must not exceed 11% of the charter capital
of the enterprise.
2. The total capital
contributed or shares purchased by a commercial bank to or from enterprises and
credit institutions, including its subsidiaries and associate companies, under
regulations of Clauses 2,3,4 and 8 Article 111 of this Law must not exceed 40%
of its charter capital and reserve funds.
3. The capital
contributed or shares purchased by a finance company and its subsidiaries and
associate companies to or from an enterprise or investment fund under Clause 2,
Article 118 and Clause 2 Article 123 of this Law must not exceed 11% of the
charter capital of the enterprise or investment fund.
4. The total capital
contributed or shares purchased by a finance company to or from enterprises and
investment funds, including its subsidiaries and associate companies, under
regulations in Clause 2 and Clause 3 Article 118, Clause 2 and Clause 3 Article
123 of this Article must not exceed 40% of its charter capital and reserve
fund.
5. Credit institutions
and their subsidiaries must not contribute capital to, or purchase shares of,
the following enterprises and credit institutions:
a) Enterprises and other
credit institutions that are shareholders and capital contributors of these credit
institutions;
b) Enterprises and other
credit institutions that are related persons of major shareholders and capital
contributors of these credit institutions;
6. The capital
contribution and purchase of shares mentioned in Clause 1 and Clause 3 of this
Article do not include contribution of capital to or purchase of shares by
asset management companies that are subsidiaries or associate companies of the
commercial bank or finance company of an enterprise under their management
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1. A credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch shall maintain the following safety ratios:
a) Solvency ratio;
b) Capital adequacy ratio
of 08% or higher as prescribed by the Governor of State Bank from time to time;
c) Maximum foreign
currency and gold status in comparison with equity;
d) Ratio of purchased,
held, invested government bonds and government-backed bonds.
dd) Other safety ratios.
2. Commercial banks,
cooperative banks and foreign bank branches participating in the national
inter-bank payment system shall make deposits at the State Bank and hold a
minimum quantity of valuable papers permitted to be used as mortgage as
prescribed by the Governor of State Bank from time to time.
3. The Governor of State
Bank shall specify safety ratios defined in Clause 1 of this Article for each
type of credit institutions/foreign bank branches.
4. The total capital
invested by a credit institution in another credit institution and its
subsidiaries by capital contribution and share purchase and investments in
forms of contribution of capital and purchase of shares of enterprises
operating in banking, insurance and securities sectors shall be deducted from
its equity when calculating safety ratios.
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A credit institution must
not trade in real estate, except for the following cases:
1. It purchases, invests
in and owns real estate to be used as its business building and office or
warehouse in direct service of its professional operations;
2. It leases out part of
its business building which is not yet used;
3. It holds real estate
as a result of debt treatment. Within 05 years from the date on which a
decision to treat collateral that is real estate is issued, the credit
institution shall sell, transfer or repurchase this real estate, In case of
repurchase of real estate, the ratio of investments in fixed assets specified
in Clause 3 Article 144 of this Law and use purposes specified in Article 1 of
this Law shall be maintained.
Article 140.
Requirements for safety in e-transactions of banking operations
Credit institutions and
foreign bank branches shall ensure safety and confidentiality in e-transactions
of banking operations under regulations of the Governor of State Bank and the
law on e-transactions.
Article 141. Rights
and obligations of a controlling company
1. Exercise its rights
and perform its obligations in the capacity of a capital contributor, owner or
shareholder in relation with the subsidiary or associate company under this Law
and other relevant laws.
2. Make and perform
contracts, transactions and other relations between the controlling company and
the subsidiary or associate company in an independent and impartial manner
under conditions applicable to independent legal entities.
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Article 142. Capital
contribution and share purchase between subsidiaries or associate companies and
controlling companies
1. A subsidiary and an
associate company of a credit institution may neither contribute capital to,
nor purchase shares of, such credit institution.
2. A credit institution
that is a subsidiary or associate company of a controlling company must not
contribute capital to and purchase shares of such controlling company or
another subsidiary or associate company of the controlling company, except for
the case of implementation of the approved mandatory transfer plan.
Article 143. Formulation
of remedial plans expected in case of early intervention
1. A commercial bank or
foreign bank’s branch shall formulate an expected remedial plan in case of
early intervention.
2. The remedial plan
specified in Clause 1 of this Article shall include the following main
contents:
a) Information and
assessment of the organizational structure and business activities of the
commercial bank or foreign bank’s branch;
b) Financial status and
operations of the commercial bank or foreign bank’s branch;
c) Remedial measures
adopted in each case specified in Clause 1, Article 156 of this Law;
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3. The measures specified
at Point c, Clause 2 of this Article shall include the following main measures:
a) Increasing charter
capital, provided capital and implementation time; roadmap for reduction in
holdings of shares/stakes of shareholders and capital contributors specified at
Point b, Clause 1, Article 159 of this Law;
b) Improving liquidity;
increasing ownership of liquid assets; selling and transferring assets, and
adopting other solutions to meet safety requirements in banking operations;
c) Enhancing business
efficiency;
d) Strengthening
management and administration capacity;
dd) Handling existing
financial problems and weaknesses, bad debts, collateral and imposing remedial
measures on violations against regulations of law;
e) Taking communication
and information technology measures to overcome liquidity difficulties.
4. A remedial plan
specified in Clause 1 of this Article shall be approved by the General Meeting
of Shareholders, the Board of Members, the owner or the owner’s representative
authority of the commercial bank, the parent bank of foreign bank branches, and
sent to the State Bank within 10 days from the date of approval.
5. At least every 02
years, the commercial bank and foreign bank’s branch shall update and adjust
the remedial plan specified in Clause 1 of this Article. The updated and
adjusted plan shall be approved by the General Meeting of Shareholders, the
Board of Members, the owner or the owner’s representative authority of the
commercial bank, the parent bank of foreign bank branches, and sent to the
State Bank within 10 days from the date of approval.
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7. The remedial plan
specified in this Article shall be formulated and approved before July 1, 2025
or within 1 year from the date of issuance of the commercial bank’s
establishment and operation license or the foreign bank’s branch’s
establishment license.
Chapter VIII
FINANCE, ACCOUNTING AND REPORT
Article 144. Capital
of and capital use by credit institution and foreign bank branch
1. Capital of a credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch includes the owner’s capital, raised
capital and other capital as specified by the law.
2. The credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch may use capital for business in accordance with this
Law and other relevant laws.
3. The credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch may purchase and invest in fixed assets in direct
service of its operations, making sure that the remaining value of fixed
assets:
a) Does not exceed 50% of
its charter capital and additional reserve fund of charter capital as recorded
in the accounting book with respect to a commercial bank, cooperative bank,
non-bank credit institution and microfinance institution;
b) Does not exceed 100%
of its charter capital and additional reserve fund of charter capital as
recorded in the accounting book with respect to a people’s credit fund;
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Article 145. Revenues
and revenue recognition principles
1. Revenues from business
activities of a credit institution or foreign bank’s branch include:
a) Interest income and
similar incomes;
b) Income from service
activities;
c) Revenues from foreign
exchange and gold trade activities;
d) Revenue from securities
trade, excluding stocks;
dd) Revenues from capital
contribution and transfer of stakes and shares;
e) Revenues from other
activities;
g) Other incomes as
prescribed by law.
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3. With regard to
accounts receivable which have been recorded as revenues but then are
considered unrecoverable or not collected on due dates, the credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch shall record them as a decrease in revenue in the same
period or as expenses in another period, and monitor them in off-balance sheet
to expedite the collection and settlement according to regulations of law. They
shall be recorded as revenues, when collected.
4. With regard to
revenues from credit extension, the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch
shall be responsible for evaluating the debt recoverability and classifying
debts in accordance with regulations of law to serve as the basis for
accounting for interests receivable and record interests receivable from credit
extension as revenues under the Government’s regulations.
Article 146. Expenses
and expense determination principles
1. Expenses of a credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch include:
a) Interest payments and
other similar expenses;
b) Costs of service
provision;
c) Payments of foreign
exchange and gold trade activities;
d) Costs for trade in
permissible securities according to regulations of law;
dd) Costs for capital
contribution, transfer of stakes and shares;
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g) Payments of taxes and
other fees and charges;
h) Payments made to
managers, executives and employees;
i) Management and
administration costs;
k) Asset-related costs;
l) Contributions to loss
provisions;
m) Costs for deposit
preservation and insurance;
n) Other expenses.
2. Expenses of a credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch are expenses actually incurred during
business activities of the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch; comply
with the matching principle between revenues and expenses; and must be proved
by lawful invoices and receipts in accordance with regulations of law. The
credit institution or foreign bank’s branch shall not record expenses which are
covered by other funding sources as its expenses. Expenses shall be determined
and recorded in accordance with Vietnam’s accounting standards and relevant
laws.
3. Upon calculation of
corporate income tax, expenses shall be determined according to regulations of
the law on corporate income tax.
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1. Each credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch shall make loss provisions to settle
losses on its operations. Loss provisions shall be recorded as operating costs.
2. Assets shall be
classified according to regulations of the Governor of State Bank.
3. The use of loss
provisions does not change borrowers' repayment obligations to the debts for
which the loss provisions are used, and responsibilities of organizations and
individuals related to debts. Loss provisions, methods for making loss
provisions and use of loss provisions for settlement of losses on operations of
the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch shall comply with the
Government’s regulations.
4. In special cases, for
the purpose of performance of socio-economic and diplomatic tasks, the Prime
Minister shall decide classification of assets, loss provisions, methods for
making loss provisions and use of loss provisions for settlement of losses on
operations on a case-by-case basis according to the proposal of the State Bank.
5. In case the credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch recovers a capital amount already offset
by loss provision, this amount shall be recorded as revenue of the credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch.
Article 148.
Distribution of profits and funds
1. Profits of a credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch that remain after deducting losses in
previous year as regulated by the Law on Corporate Income and paying corporate
income tax shall be distributed according to the Government’s regulations.
2. On an annual basis,
the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch shall deduct its after-tax
profits to establish and maintain the following funds:
a) Additional reserve
fund of charter capital or provided capital which receives 10% of total
after-tax profit set aside. This fund shall not exceed the charter capital or
provided capital of the credit institution or foreign bank branch;
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c) Development investment
fund with regard to a credit institution in which the State holds more than 50%
of its charter capital and a credit institution that is a cooperative;
d) Other reserve funds as
specified by regulations of law.
3. The commercial bank
that is a joint stock company in which the State holds more than 50% of its
charter capital may pay dividends in stocks to increase its charter capital.
The stock dividend payout ratio shall be decided by the Prime Minister.
4. Credit institutions
and foreign bank branches shall manage and use funds in accordance with
regulations of law.
Article 149. Fiscal
year
1. A fiscal year of a
credit institution/foreign bank’s branch starts on January 01 and ends on
December 31 of the calendar year.
2. The first fiscal year
of the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch starts on the date of
issuance of its license and ends on December 31 of the same calendar year.
Article 150.
Accounting
Each credit
institution/foreign bank’s branch shall perform accounting activities under the
accounting law; take responsibility to the law for the accuracy and
truthfulness of revenues and expenditures and comply with regulations on
accounting invoices and receipts
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1. Credit institutions and foreign bank branches have
financial autonomy.
2. The financial regime
applicable to each credit institution/foreign bank’s branch shall comply with
the Government's regulations and relevant laws.
3. The Government shall elaborate the financial regime,
revenues, expenses and distribution of profits of credit institutions and
foreign bank branches.
Article 152. Report
1. Credit institutions and foreign bank branches shall comply
with reporting regulations and provide information according to regulations of
the law on accounting, statistics and statistical investigation.
2. Credit institutions and foreign bank branches shall make
periodical reports on professional operations under regulations of the Governor
of State Bank.
3. In addition to reporting regulations in Clause 1 and Clause
2 of this Article, each credit institution/foreign bank’s branch shall promptly
send a written report to the State Bank in the following cases:
a) Occurrence of abnormal
developments in professional operations which may seriously affect their
business activities;
b) Changes in
organizational or executive structure or financial status of major shareholders
or other changes which may seriously affect their business activities;
purchase, sale and transfer of stakes and shares of major shareholders;
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4. Subsidiaries and associate companies of credit institutions
shall send their financial statements and operation reports to the State Bank
if requested.
5. Within 90 days after the end of a fiscal year, credit
institutions and foreign bank branches shall send annual reports to the State
Bank according to regulations of law.
6. Within 180 days after the end of the fiscal year,
joint-venture credit institutions, wholly foreign-owned credit institutions,
foreign bank branches and foreign representative offices shall send annual
financial statements of the following entities to the State Bank:
a) Capital contributors
of joint-venture credit institutions or wholly foreign-owned credit
institutions that are foreign credit institutions;
b) Owners of wholly
foreign-owned credit institutions;
c) Parent bank of foreign
bank branches;
d) Foreign credit
institutions and other foreign institutions engaged in banking operations and
having foreign representative offices.
7. Joint-venture credit institutions, wholly foreign-owned
credit institutions and foreign bank branches shall promptly send written
reports to the State Bank when foreign credit institutions specified in points
a, b and c Clause 6 of this Article undergo any of the following changes:
a) Division, separation,
merger, amalgamation, liquidation, bankruptcy or dissolution;
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c) Change in major
shareholders, Boards of Directors or Executive Boards;
d) Extraordinary changes
which greatly affect their organization and operation.
Article 153. Reports
of controlling company
1. Within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year, in
addition to reports and documents prescribed by law, a controlling company
shall make and send a consolidated financial statement which has been audited
to the State Bank under the accounting law.
2. Within 90 days after the end of the fiscal year, the
controlling company shall make and send a general report on trade transactions
and other transactions with its subsidiaries and associate companies to the
State Bank.
Article 154.
Disclosure of financial statements
Within 120 days after the
end of a fiscal year, credit institutions and foreign bank branches shall
disclose their financial statements according to regulations of law, unless
credit institutions are placed under special control.
Article 155. Overseas
transfer of profits and assets
1. Foreign bank branches and wholly foreign-owned credit
institutions in Vietnam may transfer the remaining profits overseas after
making contributions to all funds and fulfilling all financial obligations
under Vietnamese law.
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3. Foreign bank branches, wholly foreign-owned credit
institutions and foreign capital contributors in joint-venture credit
institutions may transfer their remaining assets overseas after liquidation and
termination of their operations in Vietnam.
4. The overseas transfer of money and other assets prescribed
in Clauses 1, 2 and 3 of this Article shall comply with Vietnamese law.
Chapter IX
EARLY INTERVENTION IN CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
AND FOREIGN BANK BRANCHES
Article 156. Early
intervention in credit institutions and foreign bank branches
1. In any of the
following cases, the State Bank will consider deciding to make early
intervention in a credit institution or foreign bank's branch:
a) The accumulated losses
incurred by the credit institution or foreign bank's branch exceeds 15% of its
charter capital, provided capital and reserve funds written in the latest
financial statement which has been audited or according to audit and inspection
conclusions of the competent authority and the credit institution or foreign
bank's branch commits violations against law regulations on capital adequacy
ratio specified at Point b, Clause 1, Article 138 of this Law;.
b) The credit institution
or foreign bank's branch is ranked below average under regulations of the
Governor of the State Bank;
c) The credit institution
or foreign bank's branch fails to achieve the minimum solvency ratio specified
in Point a Clause 1 Article 138 of this Law for 30 consecutive days;
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dd) A bank run occurs and
the credit institution or foreign bank's branch sends a report to the State
Bank.
2. The State Bank shall
request in writing the credit institution or foreign bank's branch which falls
into one or some cases specified in Clause 1 of this Article to perform
following tasks. To be specific:
a) The credit institution
or foreign bank's branch shall fulfill one or some requirements and adopt one
or some restriction measures specified in Article 157 of this Law within a
certain period;
b) The credit institution
shall update and immediately implement the remedial plan specified in Article
143 of this Law or develop a remedial plan according to Article 158 of this Law
with a specific time limit for completion of formulation and approval for the
remedial plan; the time limit for the cooperative bank to comment on the remedial
plan of the people’s credit fund is specified in Clause 2 Article 158 of this
Law;
c) The foreign bank’s
branch shall update and immediately implement the remedial plan specified in
Article 143 of this Law or develop the remedial plan specified in Article 158
of this Law with a specific time limit for completion of formulation and
approval for the remedial plan;
3. The credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch shall be responsible for immediately fulfilling
requirements and adopting restriction measures indicated in the written request
of the State Bank in Clause 2 of this Article. If the credit institution or
foreign bank’s branch fails to fulfill such requirements and adopt such
restriction measures, the State Bank shall apply one or some restriction
measures specified in Clause 2 Article 157 of this Law.
4. If necessary, the
State Bank shall request the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch to
hire an independent audit institution to audit its financial statements and
assess financial status to serve as the basis for development of the remedial
plan.
Article 157.
Requirements and restriction measures applicable to credit institutions or
foreign bank branches subject to early intervention
1. A credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch subject to early intervention shall satisfy the
following requirements:
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b) Reducing operating
expenses, management costs, remuneration, salaries and bonuses; requiring the
refund of remuneration and bonuses to managers, executives and members of the
Board of Controllers;
c) Strengthening risk
management; reorganizing the management and administration apparatus.
2. The credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch subject to early intervention shall adopt the
following restriction measures:
a) Not paying dividends,
profits, or distributing after-tax profits after making deductions to set up
funds or transferring profits to the country; restricting the transfer of
shares, stakes and assets;
b) Restricting
ineffective and high-risk business activities; reducing the limits of credit
extension, capital contribution and share purchase; and restricting credit
growth;
c) Terminating or
suspending one or several banking operations or other business activities that
show signs of violations against the law; not adding banking operations or
other new business activities, and not expanding the operating network;
d) Suspending managers
and operators who violate the law or pose major risks to operations of the
credit institution or foreign bank’s branch; recommending the election or
appointment for replacement of managers and executives who violate the law or
pose major risks to operations of the credit institution or foreign bank’s
branch subject to early intervention;
dd) Adopting other
measures within the jurisdiction of the State Bank.
Article 158.
Formulation, update and approval for remedial plan
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2. A credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch, except for the case specified in Clause 1 of this
Article, shall determine the cause of early intervention and formulate the
remedial plan which contains the contents specified in Clauses 2 and 3, Article
143 of this Law, submit it to the Board of Directors, Board of Members, and the
parent bank of foreign bank branches for approval, and send it to the State
Bank within 10 days from the date of approval.
Regarding a people’s
credit fund, the remedial plan shall be sent to and obtain opinions from the
cooperative bank before approval.
3. In case where the
State Bank has opinions on the remedial plan specified in Clauses 1 and 2 of
this Article, the credit institution or foreign bank’s branch shall adjust the
remedial plan and send it to the State Bank within the time limit as required
by the State Bank.
4. In case where the
remedial plan’s contents include assisting measures specified in Article 159 of
this Law, within 30 days from the date of receipt of the remedial plan that
meets the requirements of the State Bank, the State Bank shall consider
approving the application of assisting measures to the credit institution
subject to early intervention.
Article 159. Assisting
measures applicable to credit institutions subject to early intervention
1. During the
implementation of the remedial plan, a credit institution subject to early
intervention may adopt the following assisting measures after obtaining the
State Bank’s written approval. To be specific:
a) Applying roadmap for
compliance with one or several limits and ratios specified in Articles 136 and
138 of this Law;
b) When implementing the
solution for increasing the credit institution’s charter capital under the
remedial plan, shareholders and capital contributors may hold shares and stakes
that exceed the limits on holdings of shares/stakes specified in Articles 63
and 77 of this Law. Each shareholder and capital contributor shall have a
roadmap to reduce holdings of shares/stakes for compliance with the limits.
2. During the implementation
of the remedial plan, if the credit institution subject to early intervention
incurs accumulated losses exceeding 50% of its charter capital and reserve
funds stated in the latest financial statement which has been audited or under
the inspection and audit conclusions of the competent state authority, in
addition to the measures specified in Clause 1 of this Article, the credit
institution may apply one or some the following assisting measures after
obtaining the State Bank’s written approval. To be specific:
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b) In case where the
credit institution has forgivable interest, the credit institution may allocate
the forgivable interest according to its financial capacity on the principle
that the total allocation of forgivable interest and the mandatory loss
provision are equal to the difference between annual revenues and expenditures.
The time limit for allocation of forgivable interest shall not exceed 05 years
from the date of approval by the State Bank. The time limit only applies to
receivables incurred up to the time the State Bank makes the written request
specified in Clause 2, Article 156 of this Law. When necessary, the Government
shall provide for cases where the time limit for allocation of forgivable
interest is exceeding 5 years but not exceeding 10 years;
c) The people’s credit
fund may borrow loans from the fund for maintenance of prudence for the system
of people's credit funds with preferential interest rates in accordance with
the State Bank Governor’s regulations;
d) The people’s credit
fund may receive the cooperative bank’s assistance in sending staff to
participate in management and administration; and IT support;
dd) Adopting other
measures within the jurisdiction of the State Bank.
Article 160.
Implementation of remedial plan
1. Each credit institution
or foreign bank's branch shall implement the remedial plan specified in Article
158 of this Law after the remedial plan is approved.
2. During the
implementation of the remedial plan, the credit institution or foreign bank’s
branch shall be responsible for reporting progress and results of
implementation of the remedial plan at the request of the State Bank.
3. The State Bank shall
be responsible for supervising the implementation of the remedial plan and have
the right to adjust requirements and restriction measures applicable to credit
institutions and foreign bank branches specified at Point a, Clause 2, Article
156 of this Law and request every credit institution or foreign bank’s branch
to adjust its remedial plan’s contents.
4. In case of extension
of the time limit for implementation of the remedial plan, the credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch shall comply with Article 158 of this Law.
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6. During the
implementation of the remedial plan, if there is a qualified acquiring or
consolidating credit institution, the credit institution subject to early
intervention shall carry out the merger or amalgamation under regulations on
reorganization of credit institutions as specified in Article 201 of this Law.
7. During the
implementation of the remedial plan, if the transfer of shares or stakes, or
increase in charter capital results in the conversion of the legal form of the
credit institution subject to early intervention, such conversion shall comply
with Article 201 of this Law.
8. In case where the time
limit for implementation of the remedial plan expires and the foreign bank’s
branch fails to recover from the situation that leads to early intervention,
the foreign bank’s branch shall dissolve and terminate its operations,
liquidate and freeze capital and assets in accordance with Chapter XIII of this
Law.
Article 161.
Termination of early intervention
1. Early intervention in
a credit institution shall be terminated in the following cases:
a) The State Bank issues
a document on termination of the compliance with the written request specified
in Clause 2, Article 156 of this Law when the credit institution has recovered
from the situation that leads to early intervention as specified in Clause 1,
Article 156 of this Law and sends a written report to the State Bank;
b) The State Bank gives a
written approval for its merger or amalgamation with other credit institutions
as specified in Article 201 of this Law;
c) A competent state
authority issues a decision to dissolve or bankrupt the credit institution in
accordance with regulations of law;
d) The State Bank issues
a decision to place the credit institution under special control specified in
Article 162 of this Law.
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a) The State Bank issues
a document on termination of the compliance with the written request specified
in Clause 2, Article 156 of this Law when the foreign bank’s branch has
recovered from the situation that leads to early intervention as specified in
Clause 1, Article 156 of this Law, and sends a written report to the State
Bank;
b) The State Bank issues
a written approval for dissolution of the foreign bank’s branch or termination
of its operations in accordance with regulations of law.
Chapter X
SPECIAL CONTROL OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
Section 1. GENERAL
PROVISIONS
Article 162. Special
control of credit institutions
1. The State Bank shall
consider deciding to place a credit institution under special control when the
credit institution falls into one of the following cases:
a) The credit institution
subject to early intervention fails to make and send a remedial plan to the
State Bank or adjust the remedial plan at the State Bank’s written request;
b) During the
implementation of the remedial plan, the credit institution subject to early
intervention is not capable of implementing the remedial plan;
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d) The bank run occurs
and there are potential risks that may threaten safety in the credit
institution system;
dd) The capital adequacy
ratio is lower than 04 % for 06 consecutive months;
e) The dissolved credit
institution is found insolvent during the liquidation of assets.
2. From the date on which
the credit institution is placed under special control, its owner, capital
contributors and shareholders shall report the use of shares and stakes and
must not transfer and use shares and stakes as collateral, unless otherwise
required by competent state agencies.
3. From the date on which
the credit institution is placed under special control, the principal and
interest of refinancing loans granted by the State Bank to such credit
institution will be converted into the principal and interest of special loans
and refinancing regulations applicable to such refinancing loans shall continue
to be applied; the principal and interest of loans granted by the cooperative
bank to a people’s credit fund will be converted into the principal and
interest of special loans and lending regulations issued by the cooperative
bank and applicable to the people’s credit fund shall continue to be applied.
4. With a view to
maintaining safety of the credit institution system and social order and
security, when settling the credit institution placed under special control,
the Government shall decide to apply special measures on the basis of proposal
of the State Bank and submit a report to the National Assembly at the nearest
meeting.
Article 163. Tasks and
powers of the State Bank, the Governor of State Bank over credit institutions
placed under special control
1. The State Bank shall
establish a special control board to control operations of credit institutions
placed under special control.
2. The State Bank shall
perform the following tasks and powers over credit institutions placed under
special control:
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b) Appoint the
Chairperson and members of the Board of Directors; the Chairperson and members
of the Board of Members; the Head and members of the Board of Controllers; the
Director General (Director), Deputy Director General (Deputy Director) and
holders of other equivalent titles of each credit institution placed under
special control;
c) Decide and adjust
operations and operational scope and network of each credit institution placed
under special control;
d) Request owners,
capital contributors and shareholders of credit institutions placed under
special control to report the use of shares and stakes; forbid them from
transferring and using shares and stakes as collateral;
dd) Perform other tasks
and powers according to regulations of this Law.
3. The Governor of State
Bank shall provide for special control of credit institutions with the
following contents:
a) Method and duration of
special control; extension to special control duration; termination of special
control; publishing of information about the special control;
b) Composition, number of
members, operation, tasks and powers of the special control board in conformity
with the special control method and situation of each credit institution;
c) Responsibilities of
relevant entities;
d) Other contents which
serve special control and development of the plan to restructure each credit
institution placed under special control.
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1. Request a credit
institution placed under special control to review and adjust its
organizational structure, operational network and business activities, and
focus on collection of bad debts and treatment of collateral and reduction in
costs.
2. Request the credit
institution placed under special control to propose, formulate and implement a
remedial plan, a plan for merger, amalgamation and transfer of all shares and
stakes, and a dissolution plan; request the transferee under a mandatory
transfer plan to formulate, complete and implement the mandatory transfer plan
according to regulations of this Law.
3. Cooperate with the
credit institution placed under special control in formulating a bankruptcy
plan according to regulations of this Law.
4. Suspend one or some
business activities of the credit institution placed under special control if
they increase the risk to the credit institution or are not conformable with
the approved mandatory transfer plan or bankruptcy plan.
5. Terminate or suspend
administration, management and control rights of the credit institution and
request the State Bank to appoint a replacement for the chairperson or a member
of Board of Directors; the chairperson or a member of the Board of Members, the
head or a member of the Board of Controllers, the General Director (Director),
the Deputy General Director (Deputy Director) or a holder of an equivalent
position of the credit institution placed under special control according to
its charter.
6. Request the Board of
Directors, the Board of Members, General Director (Director) to dismiss or
suspend persons who commit violations against law or fail to adhere to the
approved restructuring plan or orders of the special control board.
7. Request the State Bank
to consider changing the special control method; extending or terminating the
special control; granting special loans or extending the terms thereof;
collecting repayment of special loans; liquidating assets; revoking the license
of the credit institution placed under special control.
8. Perform other tasks
and powers according to regulations of this Law.
Article 165.
Responsibilities of credit institutions placed under special control
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a) Develop the
restructuring plan at the request of the special control board;
b) Implement the
restructuring plan approved by a competent authority;
c) Comply with decisions
and requests of the State Bank according to Article 163 of this Law;
d) Comply with decisions
and requests of the special control board according to Article 164 of this Law;
2. The Board of
Directors, the Board of Members, the Board of Controllers and the General
Director (Director) of the credit institution placed under special control have
the following responsibilities:
a) Fulfill the
responsibilities specified in Clause 1 of this Article;
b) Control and operate
business activities of the credit institution; ensure safety of assets of the
credit institution.
c) The Board of Directors
of the credit institution placed under special control shall decide matters
within the jurisdiction of the General Meeting of Shareholders and the General
Meeting of Members and approve the restructuring plan according to regulations
of this Law.
Article 166.
Administration and operation of credit institutions placed under special
control
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2. Credit institutions
placed under special control are not required to maintain compulsory reserve
requirements.
3. Credit institutions
placed under special control are exempt from deposit insurance premiums and
fees for participation in the people's credit fund system safety assurance
fund.
4. The organization of
the General Meeting of Shareholders, the General Meeting of Members and
publishing of information by each credit institution under special control
shall comply with requirements of the State Bank and ensure safety of the
system of credit institutions.
5. The quantity of
members, structure, tenure of the Board of Directors, the Board of Members, the
Board of Controllers of each credit institution placed under special control
shall be decided by the State Bank according to its performance.
In case where a new Board
of Directors, Board of Members or Board of Controllers is not elected at the
end of the tenure, the current one shall keep carrying out administration and
control of the credit institution as prescribed by law until the new Board of
Directors, Board of Members or Board of Controllers elected takes over its
works.
Article 167.
Assessment of situation of a credit institution placed under special control
1. The special control
board shall request the credit institution placed under special control specified
in points a, b, c ,d and dd Clause 1 Article 162 of this Law to hire an
independent audit institution to audit its financial statements, except for
people's credit funds. The independent audit institution shall be hired within
60 days from the issuance date of the decision to establish the special control
board.
2. Within 30 days from
the date on which there is an audit result report, the credit institution
placed under special control shall complete self-assessment of its situation.
3. Within 60 days from
the date on which there is an audit result report, the special control board
shall finish assessing the situation of the credit institution placed under
special control, even if it fails to perform the self-assessment as prescribed
in Clause 2 of this Article.
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5. The assessment of
situation of the credit institution under special control specified in Clause 2
and Clause 3 of this Article, except for people's credit funds shall be carried
out on the basis of the report submitted by the independent audit institution
as prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article.
6. The contents of
assessment specified in Clause 2 and Clause 3 of this Article shall be decided
by the special control board, made in writing and sent to the credit
institution placed under special control. The following contents shall be
included:
a) Organization,
administration and operation;
b) Information technology
system;
c) Banking operations and
other business activities, including interests and accumulated losses of the
credit institution.
7. According to results
of assessment of situation of the credit institution placed under special
control produced by the special control board, the special control board shall
request in writing the credit institution to propose and formulate the
restructuring plan according to regulations of this Law.
8. The cost of hiring the
independent audit institution and other costs relevant to the assessment shall
be paid by the credit institution and recorded as its expenses.
9. The time limits
specified in Clauses 1, 2, 3 and 4 of this Article may be extended by the State
Bank, but the total duration must not exceed two times the initial time limit.
Article 168.
Termination of special control
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1. The credit institution
has overcome the situation that results in the special control and adheres to
the safety ratios specified in Article 138 of this Law;
2. The credit institution
completes the remedial plan, the plan for merger, amalgamation and transfer of
all shares and stakes, and the mandatory transfer plan which have been approved
according to sections 2, 3 and 4 of this Chapter;
3. The credit institution
is dissolved, merged, or amalgamated according to regulations in Section 5 of
this Chapter, Chapter XIII of this Law and relevant laws;
4. The judge has
appointed an official receiver or an enterprise responsible for management and
liquidation of the assets of the credit institution to carry out bankruptcy
procedures.
Section 2. PLAN FOR
REMEDY TO CREDIT INSTITUTIONS PLACED UNDER SPECIAL CONTROL
Article 169.
Formulation and approval for the remedial plan
1. Within 60 days from
the date of receipt of the written request from the special control board
specified in Clause 7 Article 167 of this Law, the credit institution placed
under special control shall complete the remedial plan and submit it to the
special control board.
2. Within 30 days from
the date on which the remedial plan is received from the credit institution,
the special control board shall make assessment and submit a report on
feasibility of the plan to the State bank.
Regarding the remedial
plan of a people's credit fund, the special control board shall cooperate with
a deposit insurer and a cooperative bank in assessing the feasibility of the
plan
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4. In case the remedial
plan contains a proposal for special loans granted by the State Bank with the
interest rate up to 0%/year, without collateral, the State Bank shall request
the Prime Minister to consider deciding special loans with the interest rate up
to 0%/year, without collateral before approving the remedial plan.
5. The time limits
specified in Clauses 1, 2 and 3 of this Article may be extended by the State
Bank, but the total duration must not exceed two times the initial time limit
Article 170. Contents
of remedial plan
1. A remedial plan shall
contain:
a) A plan and time limit
for increasing charter capital if: the actual value of charter capital is
smaller than legal capital; the capital adequacy ratio is below the permissible
level imposed by the State Bank; or the increase in charter capital is
requested by the State Bank to ensure operating safety of the credit
institution;
b) A plan for business
operation during the remedy period;
c) A plan for organizational
structure and administration;
d) A plan for settlement
of financial weaknesses, bad debts, collateral and measures for remedying
violations of law;
dd) A plan for payment of
deposits to clients that are juridical persons, deposits and loans of other
credit institutions; a plan for settlement of special loans (if any) including
those specified in Clause 3 Article 162 of this Law;
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g) Roadmap and time limit
for implementation of the remedy plan.
2. In case where there is
an assisting credit institution, in addition to the contents mentioned in
Clause 1 of this Article, the credit institution placed under special control
shall cooperate with the assisting credit institution in adding the following
contents to the remedial plan:
a) Information on the
credit institution assisting in implementation of the remedial plan;
b) A plan to provide
assistance by the assisting credit institution for the credit institution
placed under special control; a plan to provide assistance for the assisting
credit institution;
c) A plan for paying
salaries, bonus and other benefits to people participating in provision of
assistance in administration, control and operation of the credit institution
placed under special control;
d) A plan for paying
salaries for employees of the credit institution placed under special control
during the special control period.
Article 171. Assisting
measures for implementation of the remedial plan
1. A credit institution
placed under special control that is a commercial bank, cooperative bank or
finance company may apply one or some assisting measures. To be specific:
a) Take special loans
from the State Bank, deposit insurers, other credit institutions according to
regulations in point b Clause 1, Clause 2 Article 192 of this Law;
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c) Receive deposits or
take loans from the assisting credit institution with a preferential interest
rate;
d) Buy debts and
corporate bonds held by the assisting credit institution that are classified as
current non-performing loans; resell such debts and corporate bonds to the
assisting credit institution;
dd) Be entitled to reach
agreement and select one or some assisting credit institutions participating in
the remedial plan;
e) The assisting credit
institution shall appoint staff to participate in administration and operation;
and gives assistance in information technology;
g) In case where the
credit institution has forgivable interest, the credit institution may allocate
the forgivable interest according to its financial capacity on the principle
that the total allocation of forgivable interest and the mandatory loss
provision are equal to the difference between annual revenues and expenditures.
The time limit for allocation of forgivable interest shall not exceed 10 years
from the date of approval by the State Bank. The time limit only applies to
receivables incurred up to the time the credit institution is placed under
special control.
h) When implementing the
solution for increasing in the charter capital under the remedial plan,
shareholders and capital contributors may hold shares and stakes that exceed
the limits on holdings of shares/stakes specified in Articles 63 and 77 of this
Law. Each shareholder and capital contributor shall have a roadmap to reduce
holdings of shares/stakes for compliance with the limits;
i) Other measures within
jurisdiction of the State Bank.
2. A credit institution
placed under special control that is a people's credit fund or microfinance
institution may apply one or some assisting measures. To be specific:
a) The measures specified
in Points b,c,d,dd,e,g and i Clause 1 of this Article;
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c) The people's credit
fund may take a special loan from the cooperative bank via the people's credit
fund system safety assurance fund with an interest rate as low as 0%/year.
Article 172.
Implementation of the remedial plan
1. A credit institution
placed under special control shall be responsible for implementing the approved
remedial plan.
2. The special control
board shall inspect and supervise the implementation of the approved remedial
plan by the credit institution placed under special control.
3. The State Bank shall
decide revisions to the remedial plan, including extension of the time limit
for implementation of the remedial plan at the request of the special control
board.
4. In case of adjustments
to special loans with the interest rate up to 0%/year, without collateral under
the remedial plan, the State Bank shall request the Prime Minister to consider
deciding such adjustments.
5. If the remedial plan
of the credit institution placed under special control is not approved
according to Clause 3 Article 169 of this Law or the credit institution is not
able to recover according to the approved remedial plan or the credit
institution placed under special control fails to overcome the situation that
leads it being placed under special control by the deadline for implementation
of the remedial plan, the special control board requests the credit institution
to propose and formulate a plan for mandatory transfer of a commercial bank or
dissolution plan or bankruptcy plan according to regulations of this Law.
Article 173.
Requirements applied to the assisting credit institution
The assisting credit
institution shall:
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2. Satisfy the safety
ratios specified in Article 138 of this Law;
3. Have a the Board of
Members, Board of Directors and the Board of Controllers conformable with law;
4. Have an internal
control system and internal audit system that comply with Article 57 and
Article 58 of this Law.
Article 174. Rights
and obligations of the assisting credit institution
1. Cooperate with the
credit institution placed under special control in developing the remedial plan
as prescribed in Clause 1 Article 169 of this Law.
2. Select and appoint
qualified persons to participate in administration, control and operation of
the credit institution placed under special control according to the written
request of the State bank.
3. Implement, manage, and
supervise the organization and operation of the credit institution placed under
special control according to the approved remedial plan; propose revisions to
the plan to the special control board.
4. Grant loans to and
make deposits at the credit institution placed under special control with
preferential interest rates according to the approved remedial plan.
5. Sell debts and
corporate bonds that are classified as current non-performing loans to the
credit institution placed under special control according to the written
request of the State Bank.
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7. Be eligible for
refinancing loans with interest rates equal to those of loans granted by the
assisting credit institution, make deposits at the credit institution placed
under special control; the amount and duration of the refinancing loan must not
exceed the amount and duration of the loan or deposit of the assisting credit
institution at the credit institution placed under special control; be allowed
to reduce the reserve requirement by 50%.
8. Be exempted from
restrictions on purchase, hold and investment in government bonds and
government-backed bonds specified in Point d Clause 1 Article 138 of this Law.
9. Be allowed to apply
the risk factor of 0% to the loans and deposits at the credit institution
placed under special control when calculating capital adequacy ratio and
classify them as current non-performing loans.
10. Include the salaries,
bonus and other benefits of people participating in administration, control and
operation of the credit institution placed under special control in expenses.
11. Implement other
assisting measures decided by the State Bank within its jurisdiction.
Section 3. PLANS FOR
MERGER, AMALGAMATION, TRANSFER OF 100% OF SHARES/STAKES OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
PLACED UNDER SPECIAL CONTROL
Article 175. Merger,
amalgamation, transfer of 100% of shares/stakes of the credit institution
placed under special control
The merger, amalgamation,
transfer of 100% of shares/stakes of the credit institution placed under
special control shall be carried out if all of the following conditions are
satisfied:
1. There is a qualified
acquiring or consolidating credit institution or qualified acquirer of 100% of
the shares/stakes; and
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Article 176.
Development and approval of the plan for merger, amalgamation, transfer of 100%
of shares/stakes
1. Within 60 days from
the date of receipt of the written request of the special control board
specified in Clause 7 Article 167 of this Law, the credit institution placed
under special control shall finish developing the plan for merger,
amalgamation, transfer of 100% of shares/stakes and submit it to the special
control board.
2. Procedures and time
limit for approval for the plan for merger, amalgamation, transfer of 100% of
shares/stakes shall comply with regulations in Clauses 2, 3 and 5 Article 169
of this Law.
Article 177. Contents
of plan for merger, amalgamation, transfer of 100% of shares/stakes
1. The plan for merger,
amalgamation, transfer of 100% of shares/stakes shall contain:
a) Name of the plan and
procedures for implementation thereof;
b) Information about the
acquired credit institution and the acquiring credit institution, the
amalgamated credit institution or the investor that acquires 100% of the
shares/stakes, including evidence about their qualification and capacity
prescribed by law;
c) A plan for
organization, administration and operation, including integration and
conversion of the information technology system in case of merger or
amalgamation;
d) A business plan for
the period of 03 years after the merger, amalgamation or transfer of 100% of
shares/stakes, including estimated safety ratios specified in Article 138 of
this Law;
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e) A plan for remedy to
the situation that leads to special control with regard to the case of transfer
of 100% of shares/stakes;
g) Mandatory assisting
measures specified in Article 171 of this Law, except for those specified in
point a Clause 1, and points b and c Clause 2 Article 171 of this Law;
h) Roadmap and time limit
for implementation of the plan.
2. Holdings of
shares/stakes of the investor that acquires 100% of the shares/stakes shall be
consistent with those specified in the approved plan for transfer of 100% of
shares/stakes and may exceed the limits specified in Clause 2 and Clause 3
Article 63, Clause 1 Article 77 and Clause 2 Article 137 of this Law and there
must be a roadmap for reduction in holdings of shares/stakes for compliance
with the limits.
Article 178. Implementation
of the plan for merger, amalgamation, transfer of 100% of shares/stakes
1. The credit institution
placed under special control shall be responsible for implementing the approved
plan for merger, amalgamation, transfer of 100% of shares/stakes.
2. The special control
board shall inspect and supervise the implementation of the approved plan for
merger, amalgamation, transfer of 100% of shares/stakes by the credit
institution placed under special control.
3. The State Bank shall
inspect and supervise the implementation of the approved plan for merger,
amalgamation, transfer of 100% of shares/stakes.
4. The State Bank shall
decide revisions to the plan for merger, amalgamation, transfer of 100% of
shares/stakes, including extension of time limit for implementation at the
request of the special control board.
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6. If the plan for
merger, amalgamation, transfer of 100% of shares/stakes of the credit
institution placed under special control is not approved by the State Bank or
the credit institution placed under special control fails to implement the plan
by the deadline for implementation, the special control board shall request the
credit institution placed under special control to propose and formulate a plan
for mandatory transfer of commercial bank or dissolution plan or bankruptcy
plan according to regulations of this Law.
Section 4. PLAN FOR
MANDATORY TRANSFER OF COMMERCIAL BANKS PLACED UNDER SPECIAL CONTROL
Article 179.
Development and approval of the plan for mandatory transfer of a commercial
bank placed under special control upon receipt of the written request from
transferee
1. The mandatory transfer
of a commercial bank placed under special control shall be made if all of the
following conditions are satisfied:
a) The accumulated losses
incurred by the commercial bank exceeds 100% of its charter capital and reserve
funds written in the latest financial statement which has been audited;
b) There is a transferee
that meets conditions specified in Article 184 of this Law within 60 days from
the date on which the commercial bank placed under special control receives the
written request from the special control board according to Clause 7 Article
167 or Clause 5 Article 172 or Clause 6 Article 178 of this Law.
2. Within 180 days from
the date on which the commercial bank placed under special control receives the
written request from the special control board according to Clause 7 Article
167 or Clause 5 Article 172 or Clause 6 Article 178 of this Law, the transferee
shall finish developing the mandatory transfer plan and submit it to the
special control board.
3. Within 30 days from
the date on which the mandatory transfer plan is received from the expected
transferee, the special control board shall make assessment and submit a report
on feasibility of the plan to the State Bank.
4. After receiving the
report from the special control board, the State Bank shall consider approving
the plan for mandatory transfer of commercial bank placed under special
control.
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6. The time limits
specified in Clauses 2 and 3 of this Article may be extended by the State Bank,
but the total duration must not exceed two times the initial time limit.
7. If the mandatory
transfer plan is not approved and it is not the case where a transferee can be
designated according to regulations in Clause 1 Article 180 of this Law, the
State Bank shall request the commercial bank placed under special control to
formulate a bankruptcy plan according to regulations of this Law.
1. The State Bank shall
request the Government to designate a transferee if all of the following
conditions are satisfied:
a) The commercial bank
placed under special control falls into the case specified in point a Clause 1
Article 179 of this Law;
b) There is no transferee
according to point b Clause 1 Article 179 of this Law or the mandatory transfer
plan is not approved under Clause 4 Article 179 of this Law;
c) The bankruptcy of
commercial bank placed under special control may threaten the safety of the
credit institution system.
2. The transferee to be
designated shall satisfy all conditions specified in Article 184 of this Law.
3. After the Government
decides to designate the transferee, the designated transferee shall finish
developing the plan for mandatory transfer of commercial bank placed under
special control within 180 days from the date of receipt of the written request
from the State Bank.
4. Procedures and time
limit for approval for the mandatory transfer plan in case where the transferee
is designated shall comply with regulations in Clauses 3, 4, 5 and 6 Article
179 of this Law.
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A mandatory transfer plan
shall contain:
1. Information about the
transferee;
2. A plan for increasing
the charter capital and deadline for implementing the plan;
3. A business plan
suitable for the situation of the commercial bank placed under special control
from time to time;
4. A plan for
organizational structure and administration;
5. A plan for settlement
of weaknesses, bad debts and collateral;
6. A plan for settlement
of deposits made by juridical persons, deposits and loans of other credit
institutions; a plan for settlement of special loans taken, including those
specified in Clause 3 Article 162 of this Law;
7. A plan for settlement
of shares/stakes of the commercial bank by the transferee if they exceed the
limits specified in Article 186 of this Law;
8. Assisting measures
specified in Article 182 of this Law; and
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10. Roadmap and time
limit for implementation of the mandatory transfer plan.
1. The commercial bank
that is transferred may apply one or some the following measures:
a) Selling bad debts
without collateral or bad debts whose collateral has been distrained or
collateral without legitimate documents to the bad debt purchaser/manager;
b) Receive deposits or
take loans from the transferee according to the mandatory transferee plan or as
agreed;
c) Buy debts and
corporate bonds held by the transferee that are classified as current
non-performing loans; re-sell debts and corporate bonds to the transferee as
agreed or in case such debts are converted into bad debts;
d) The transferee shall
appoint staff to participate in management, administration and control of the
transferred bank; provide assistance in information technology and other
activities as agreed;
dd) Be exempted from
interest rates of refinancing and special loans from the State Bank;
e) Take special loans
from the State Bank, deposit insurers, other credit institutions according to
regulations in point b Clause 1, Clause 2 Article 192 of this Law;
g) Implement other
measures within the jurisdiction of the State Bank.
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1. The State Bank shall
issue a decision on mandatory transfer and approve the mandatory transfer plan.
From the date on which
the decision on mandatory transfer is issued by the State Bank, all rights and
benefits of the owner, capital contributors or shareholders of the commercial
bank (the transferred bank) shall be terminated.
2. The State Bank shall
decide to record the charter capital of the transferred bank as a decrease to
reduce the respective accumulated losses.
3. A decision on
mandatory transfer shall contain:
a) Name of the
transferee; name of the transferred bank before and after the mandatory
transfer; legal form, charter capital, the owner, capital contributors,
shareholders of the transferred bank;
b) Termination of all
rights and benefits of the owner, capital contributors or shareholders of the
transferred bank; and
c) Responsibilities of
the transferee and the transferred bank under the mandatory transfer plan which
is approved and regulations of law.
4. The transferee shall:
a) Exercise the rights of
the owner, capital contributors and shareholders at the transferred bank;
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5. The commercial bank
that is transferred shall:
a) Follow procedures for
changing its license;
b) Implement the approved
mandatory transfer plan.
6. Where necessary, the
State Bank shall decide revisions to the mandatory transfer plan, including the
extension of time limit for implementation of the mandatory transfer plan.
7. In case of adjustments
to special loans with the interest rate up to 0%/year, without collateral under
the mandatory transfer plan, the State Bank shall request the Government to
consider deciding such adjustments.
8. The State Bank shall
inspect and supervise the implementation of the approved mandatory transfer
plan.
9. If the commercial bank
placed under special control fails to recover from the situation that leads to
special control by the deadline for implementation of the mandatory transfer
plan, the State Bank shall request the commercial bank to formulate a
bankruptcy plan according to regulations in this Law.
1. The transferee shall
be one of the following institutions/enterprises:
a) Domestic or foreign
credit institution;
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c) Another institution.
2. The transferee that is
a domestic credit institution shall:
a) Have a profitable
business for the last 02 years according to its audited financial statement
before making the offer or being designated;
b) Satisfy the safety
ratios specified in Article 138 of this Law; and
c) Has a feasible
mandatory transfer plan.
3. The transferee that is
not a domestic credit institution shall:
a) Be a juridical person;
b) Meet conditions
specified in point a and point c Clause 2 of this Article;
1. The transferee that is
a credit institution has the following rights and obligations:
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c) Capital contributed or
shares purchased by the transferee at the transferred bank shall comply with
the ratios specified in the approved mandatory transfer plan and may exceed the
limits on holdings of shares/stakes specified in Clause 2 and Clause 3 Article
63, Clause 1 Article 77 and Clause 2 Article 137 of this Law;
c) Be not required to
consolidate financial statements of the commercial bank;
d) Exclude the commercial
bank that is transferred when calculating the consolidated capital adequacy
ratio;
d) Exclude the balance of
credit extension to the transferred bank when calculating ratios and limits
specified in Clause 4 Article 135, Clause 1 and Clause 2 Article 136 of this
Law;
e) Include the salaries,
bonus and other benefits of people appointed or designated to participate in
administration, control and operation of the transferred bank in expenses;
g) Cooperate with the
commercial bank placed under special control to develop the mandatory transfer
plan; organize implementation and revision to the approved mandatory transfer
plan;
h) Select and appoint
qualified personnel to participate in administration, operation and control of
the transferred bank;
i) Manage and supervise
organization and operation by the transferred bank;
k) Grant loans and make
deposits at the transferred bank under the mandatory transfer plan or as
agreed;
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m) Be exempted from
making provisions for decline in value of the capital contributed in the
transferred bank and exclude them when calculating the limit on capital
contribution or share purchase by the transferee;
n) Sell, issue shares of
the transferee to foreign investors in accordance with the approved mandatory
transfer plan;
o) Be eligible for
refinancing loans with interest rates equal to those of loans granted by the
transferee, make deposits at the transferred bank; the amount and duration of
the refinancing loan must not exceed the amount and duration of the loan or
deposit of the transferee at the transferred bank;
p) Be allowed to reduce
the reserve requirement by 50%;
q) Be exempted from
restrictions on purchase, hold and investment in government bonds and
government-backed bonds specified in Point d Clause 1 Article 138 of this Law;
r) Issue long-term bonds
to deposit insurers under the State Bank's decision;
s) Adopt other measures
decided by the State Bank within its jurisdiction.
2. The transferee that is
not the credit institution has rights and obligations specified in points a, b,
c, e, g, h, i, m and n Clause 1 of this Article and may make deposits at the
transferred bank under the mandatory transfer plan or as agreed;
1. The transferee shall
reduce holdings of shares/stakes at the transferred bank by increase in the
charter capital, transfer of shares/stakes and other measures according to
regulations of law in order to comply with the limits specified in Clause 2 and
Clause 3 Article 63, Clause 1 Article 77 and Clause 2 Article 137 of this Law
within the time limit specified in the mandatory transfer plan.
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3. The settlement of
shares/stakes mentioned in Clause 1 of this Article shall be carried out before
the deadline specified in the approved mandatory transfer plan when all of the
following conditions are satisfied:
a) Charter capital has
been increased in accordance with the approved mandatory transfer plan;
b) It has been at least
01 year from the effective date of the decision on mandatory transfer.
1. The credit institution
placed under special control is dissolved when it falls into one of the
following cases:
a) It is capable of fully
paying debts;
b) There is a credit
institution that assumes all debt obligations.
2. In case of dissolution
according to regulations in point a Clause 1 of this Article, the special
control board shall request the State Bank to decide the dissolution of the
credit institution placed under special control.
3. In case of dissolution
according to regulations in point b Clause 1 of this Article, the special
control board shall request the credit institution placed under special control
to cooperate with the credit institution that assumes all debt obligations in
developing an asset liquidation plan which contains contents of purchase part
or all assets, receipt of transfer of all debt obligations from the credit
institution placed under special control and assisting measures applied to the
credit institution that assumes all debt obligations, and submitting this plan
to the State Bank for approval.
With regard to a people’s
credit fund, the cooperative bank shall give opinions on the asset liquidation
plan before the plan is submitted to the State Bank.
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a) Have a profitable
business for the last 02 years according to its audited financial statement
before assuming all debt obligations;
b) Satisfy safety ratios
specified in Clause 1 Article 138 of this Law at the time on which it offers to
assume all debt obligations.
5. The dissolution of and
liquidation of assets of the credit institution placed under special control
upon dissolution shall comply with regulations in Clause 1 Article 204 of this
Law and relevant laws.
1. A plan for bankruptcy
of a credit institution placed under special control shall be formulated in one
of the following cases:
a) The credit institution
placed under special control fails to prepare the restructuring plan within the
time limit specified in Clause 1 Article 169, Clause 1 Article 176 of this Law,
and is not eligible for mandatory transfer specified in Clause 1 Article 179,
Clause 1 Article 180 of this Law or dissolution specified in Clause 1 Article
187 of this Law;
b) The commercial bank
falls into the case specified in Clause 7 Article 179, Clause 5 Article 180,
Clause 9 Article 193 of this Law;
c) The credit institution
falls into the case specified in Clause 2 Article 204 of this Law;
d) The credit institution
placed under special control proposes the bankruptcy plan within 60 days from
the date of receipt of the written request from the special control board
specified in Clause 7 Article 167 or Clause 5 Article 172 or Clause 6 Article
178 of this Law.
2. The special control
board shall cooperate with the credit institution placed under special control
and a deposit insurer in formulating the plan for bankruptcy of the credit
institution placed under special control and requesting the State Bank to
submit the plan to the Government for approval, except for the case specified
in Clause 3 of this Article.
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3. The special control
board shall cooperate with a people's credit fund placed under special control,
the deposit insurer and the cooperative bank in developing a plan for
bankruptcy of the people's credit fund placed under special control and
requesting the State Bank to submit the plan to the Prime Minister for decision
on the limits on deposit insurance payouts for depositors, which do not exceed
their deposits at the people's credit fund.
After the Prime Minister
decides the limits on deposit insurance payouts, the special control board
shall be responsible for cooperating with the people's credit fund placed under
special control, the deposit insurer and the cooperative bank to complete the
plan for bankruptcy of the people's credit fund placed under special control
and submit it to the State Bank for approval.
A bankruptcy plan shall
contain:
1. Situation of the
credit institution placed under special control;
2. Assessment of impact
of the bankruptcy plan on safety of the credit institution system;
3. Expected limits on
deposit insurance payouts for depositors that are individuals; roadmap and
period of payment;
4. Roadmap and
responsibilities for implementation of the bankruptcy plan.
1. After the bankruptcy
plan is approved, the deposit insurer shall be responsible for cooperating with
the credit institution placed under special control in making deposit insurance
payouts to depositors under the bankruptcy plan.
2. If the technical
reserve fund of the deposit insurer is not sufficient to make deposit insurance
payouts to depositors according to regulations in Clause 1 of this Article, the
State Bank shall allow the deposit insurer to take special loans.
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3. The State Bank shall
inspect and supervise the implementation of the approved bankruptcy plan,
request the credit institution placed under special control to file for
bankruptcy in accordance with bankruptcy laws.
4. The State Bank shall
decide revisions to the plan for bankruptcy of the people’s credit fund or
request the Government to consider approving revisions to the plan for
bankruptcy of another credit institution if necessary.
5. Procedures for
bankruptcy of credit institutions shall comply with Article 203 of this Law and
bankruptcy laws.
1. A credit institution
facing bank run shall notify the State Bank and implement the following
measures:
a) Not paying dividends
in cash; suspending or restricting credit extension and other activities using
funds of the credit institution; adopting other measures for payment of
deposits made by clients;
b) Implementing measures
indicated in the remedial plan in case the bank run occurs according to
regulations in Article 143 of this Law; updating and adjusting the plan if
necessary.
2. A credit institution
subject to early intervention where the bank run occurs shall report to the
State Bank on bank run, review and re-assess the situation in order to develop
and adjust the remedial plan according to regulations in Article 158 and
Article 160 of this Law. The credit institution shall implement the remedial
plan which is developed and adjusted.
3. The credit institution
may apply the following assisting measures when the bank run occurs:
a) Sell valuable papers
to the State Bank through open market operations with the interest rate of 0%;
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c) Commercial banks,
cooperative banks, people’s credit funds and microfinance institutions may take
special loans from the State Bank; from deposit insurers according to
regulations of law on deposit insurance; from other credit institutions.
1. A credit institution
is entitled to take special loans from the State Bank or other credit
institutions in the following cases:
a) Paying deposits to
depositors according to regulations in Article 191 of this Law;
b) Implementing the
restructuring plan or the mandatory transfer plan.
2. The commercial bank,
cooperative bank, people’s credit fund or microfinance institution may take
special loans from deposit insurers according to regulations of law on deposit
insurance.
3. Cooperative banks only
grant special loans to people’s credit funds according to regulations in the
Governor of State Bank.
1. The State Bank shall
decide to grant special loans with interest rates and collateral to credit
institutions. Interest rates and collateral of special loans from the State
Bank shall comply with regulations of the Governor of State Bank.
2. Cooperative banks
shall decide to grant special loans to people’s credit funds.
3. Deposit insurers and
other credit institutions shall decide to grant special loans to credit
institutions.
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1. Special loans shall be
repaid before every other debts and financial obligations, including debts and
financial obligations secured by collateral of the borrower.
2. The cooperative bank
may record the unrecoverable special loans as decreases in the people's credit
fund system safety assurance fund.
3. The Governor of the
State Bank shall issue detailed regulations on granting special loans.
The regulations in this
Chapter shall be applied to the following bad debts:
1. Bad debts of credit
institutions and foreign bank branches, including bad debts that are being
recorded in the balance sheets according to regulations of the Governor of
State Bank and bad debts that are still unrecoverable after loan loss provision
has been used and are being monitored as off-balance-sheet items
2. Bad debts that are
purchased by bad debt purchasers/managers from credit institutions and foreign
bank branches but are still unrecoverable.
Credit institutions,
foreign bank branches and bad debt purchasers/managers shall sell bad debts and
collateral of bad debts in a public and transparent manner according to
regulations of law. The selling price of a bad debt and collateral of bad debt
may be higher or lower than its principal.
1. Bad debt
purchasers/managers may purchase bad debts of credit institutions at market
price or with special bonds and convert bad debts purchased with special bonds
into bad debts purchased at market price according to regulations of the
Governor of State Bank. Bad debt purchasers/managers may only purchase bad
debts of joint-venture credit institutions, wholly foreign-owned credit
institutions and foreign bank branches at market price.
2. Bad debt
purchasers/managers may sell bad debts to juridical persons and individuals.
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1. The purchaser of a
debt derived from a credit institution or foreign bank’s branch’s bad debt
secured by collateral being land use rights, property on land or off-plan
property on land is entitled to put up or register the land use rights,
property on land or off-plan property on land as the collateral for the
purchased debt.
2. The purchaser of a
debt derived from a credit institution or foreign bank's branch’s bad debt
secured by collateral being land use rights, property on land or off-plan
property on land is entitled to inherit rights and obligations of the
mortgagee.
3. The bad debt
purchaser/manager is entitled to register additional assets being land use
rights, property on land or off-plan property on land as the collateral for the
purchased debt.
4. The registration of
change to land with respect to collateral being land use rights or property on
land of the debt derived from bad debt of the credit institution or foreign
bank's branch; and registration of land use rights, property on land, off-plan
property on land as the collateral of the debt derived from bad debt of the
credit institution or foreign bank's branch shall comply with regulations of
the Government.
1. Proceeds from the
liquidation of collateral of bad debts shall be used to pay the amounts below
in the following order of priority:
a) Collateral
preservation expenses;
b) Expenses on seizure
and liquidation of collateral;
c) Court fees and
expenses on enforcement of judgments and decisions of the Court related to
liquidation of collateral;
d) Tax and fees directly
incurred from transfer of collateral, including personal income tax and
registration fees;
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e) Other unsecured
liabilities according to regulations of law.
2. If an item of
collateral is secured for multiple obligations, the order of priority for
payment among all secured parties shall comply with regulations of the civil
law and relevant laws.
1. The agency competent
to register right to ownership or use of collateral shall follow procedures for
transferring the right to ownership or use of collateral to purchaser or
transferee of collateral of bad debt of a credit institution or foreign bank's
branch.
2. Except for court fees,
taxes and charges directly incurred from the transfer of collateral of bad
debts according to regulations in Article 199 of this Law, the secured party or
transferee is not required to cover tax or fee liabilities payable by the
guarantor from the collateral transfer amount upon formalities of registration
or changes of the right to ownership or use of collateral of the bad debts. Tax
payment made by the guarantor or transferee related to the transfer of
collateral of the bad debts shall comply with regulations of the tax law.
3. Credit institutions,
foreign bank branches, asset management companies affiliated to credit
institutions, and Vietnam Asset Management Company (VAMC) established and
operating in accordance with regulations of the Law on Credit Institutions are
entitled to transfer entire or partial real estate projects as collateral in
order to collect debts according to regulations on transfer of entire or
partial real estate projects of the Law on Real Estate Business and other
relevant laws but are not required to meet the eligibility requirements to
engage in real estate business to be satisfied by transferors of real estate
business projects laid down in the Law on Real Estate Business.
1. Credit institutions
may be reorganized by division, consolidation, amalgamation, merger or
conversion of legal forms or conversion into non-bank credit institutions after
obtaining the State Bank's written approval.
2. The Governor of the
State Bank shall provide for requirements, applications and procedures for
approval of reorganization of credit institutions.
1. The credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch does not apply for extension or applies for extension
but the extension is rejected by the State Bank when its operation duration
expires.
2. The credit institution
or foreign bank’s branch has its license revoked.
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4. Regarding a credit
institution subject to early intervention or placed under special control,
there is a credit institution that assumes all debt obligations.
1. After the State Bank
issues a document on termination of special control or non-application of
solvency recovery measures or termination of application of solvency recovery
measures, if the credit institution is still insolvent, it shall file a
petition to the Court to initiate the bankruptcy proceedings as per the law on
bankruptcy.
2. After receiving the
petition for bankruptcy proceedings, the Court shall immediately follow
procedures for liquidation of assets of the credit institution as per the
bankruptcy law.
3. After the judge
appoints an official receiver or an enterprise responsible for management and
liquidation of the assets, the State Bank shall revoke the license of the
credit institution.
1. Upon dissolution or
termination of operations according to regulations in Article 202 of this Law,
the credit institution or foreign bank's branch shall liquidate its assets
under the supervision of the State Bank and follow procedures for liquidation
of assets prescribed by the Governor of State Bank.
2. During the supervision
of the liquidation of assets of the dissolved credit institution, if it is
detected that the credit institution is not capable of paying all debts, the
State Bank shall decide to terminate the liquidation of assets and implement
the plan for bankruptcy of the credit institution according to regulations in
Section 5 Chapter X and Article 203 of this Law.
3. The credit institution
or foreign bank's branch that has assets liquidated shall be responsible for
paying all expenses incurred from the liquidation of assets.
1. When necessary, the
State Bank shall freeze entire or partial capital and assets of foreign bank
branches in order to protect the interests of depositors.
2. The Governor of State
Bank shall provide for cases of freeze and termination of freeze on capital and
assets of each foreign bank branch.
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2. The State Bank is a
focal point which assists the Government in uniform state management of organization
and operation of credit institutions, foreign bank branches and foreign
representative offices.
3. The Ministry of
Finance shall be responsible for state management of securities and securities
market, insurance agency activities with respect to credit institutions and
foreign bank branches, subsidiaries and associate companies of credit
institutions according to regulations of the Law on Securities, the Law on
Insurance Business and relevant laws.
4. Ministries and
ministerial agencies shall, within the scope of their respective tasks and
powers, perform state management of credit institutions, foreign bank branches
and foreign representative offices according to regulations of law.
5. People's Committees at
all levels shall perform state management of local credit institutions, foreign
bank branches and foreign bank branches according to regulations of law.
1. The State Bank has
authority to inspect and supervise credit institutions, foreign bank branches
and foreign representative offices according to regulations of the Law on the
State Bank of Vietnam and relevant laws.
2. The Government
Inspectorate shall conduct inspections of credit institutions and foreign bank
branches according to the law on inspection.
3. The Ministry of
Finance shall:
a) Inspect and supervise
securities and securities market of credit institutions and foreign bank
branches, subsidiaries and associate companies of credit institutions according
to regulations of the Law on Securities and relevant laws;
b) Inspect and supervise
insurance agency activities of credit institutions and foreign bank branches,
subsidiaries and associate companies of credit institutions according to
regulations of the Law on Insurance Business and relevant laws;
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4. Ministries and
ministerial agencies shall, within the scope of their functions, tasks and
powers, conduct inspections and exercise supervision of credit institutions,
foreign bank branches and foreign representative offices.
1. Promptly, adequately
and accurately provide information and documents at the request of the State
Bank and state management agencies during the inspection and supervision.
2. Be responsible for the
accuracy and truthfulness of the provided information and documents.
3. Ensure connection and
access to online data in order to serve the State Bank’s supervision according
to regulations of the Governor of State Bank.
4. Report and explain
about risk and operational safety recommendations and warnings issued by the
State Bank.
5. Comply with the State
Bank's risk and operational safety recommendations and warnings.
6. Comply with inspection
conclusions and handling decisions of the State Bank, the Government
Inspectorate and other authorities according to regulations of law.
7. Other rights and
obligations prescribed by law.
Chapter XV
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Article 209. Entry
into force
1. This Law comes into
force from July 01, 2024, except for Clause 2 of this Article.
2. Clause 3 Article 200
and Clause 15 Article 210 of this Law come into force from January 01, 2025.
3. The Law on Credit
Institutions No. 47/2010/QH12 amended by the Law No. 17/2017/QH14 will cease to
be effective from the effective date of this Law, except for regulations in
Clauses 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12 and 14 Article 210 of this Law.
Article 210.
Transitional provisions
1. Credit institutions,
foreign bank branches and foreign representative offices already established
and operating under licenses granted by the State Bank before the effective date
of this Law are not required to apply for reissuance of their licenses under
this Law. Amendments to licenses shall comply with regulations of this Law.
2. Regarding contracts,
transactions and agreements signed before the effective date of this Law, credit
institutions, foreign bank branches and clients may continue to carry out such
contracts, transactions and agreements signed until their expiration dates. Revision
and extension of contracts, other transactions and agreements are only allowed
if the revision and extension are conformable with regulations of this Law,
except for debt rescheduling of credit extension contracts, transactions and
agreements, which shall comply with regulations of laws on bank.
Credit institutions,
foreign bank branches and clients may continue to carry out indefinite-term
contracts, transactions and agreements which contain contents unconformable to
regulations of this Law and are signed before the effective date of this Law
until the end of June 30, 2025. After this date, credit institutions, foreign
bank branches and clients shall terminate or revise such contracts,
transactions and agreements in accordance with regulations of this Law.
3. If a credit
institution placed under special control has not fully repaid special loans
taken from the State Bank by the effective date of this Law and has no
restructuring plans approved, the parties may continue to execute the concluded
special loan contract and extension to the special loans will be considered
according to regulations of the Governor of State Bank.
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5. Credit institutions
that contribute capital to or purchase shares of enterprises or other credit
institutions specified in point b Clause 5 Article 137 of this Law,
subsidiaries of credit institutions that contribute capital or purchase shares
specified in Clause 5 Article 137 of this Law before the effective date of this
Law and shareholders, shareholders and their related persons at commercial
banks that hold shares in excess of the holdings specified in Article 55 of the
Law on Credit Institutions No. 47/2010/QH12 amended by the Law No. 17/2017/QH14
shall formulate and implement roadmaps in order to conform to this Law
according to regulations of the Governor of State Bank.
6. If the collateral of a
bad debt that is a real property project has been seized according to Article 7
of Resolution No. 42/2017/QH14 on pilot settlement of bad debts of credit
institutions (hereinafter referred to as “Resolution No. 42/2017/QH14”) or is
being transferred according to Article 10 of Resolution No. 42/2017/QH14 before
the effective date of this Law but the seizure or transfer has not been
completed as of the effective date of this Law, the regulations set out in Article
10 of Resolution No. 42/2017/QH14 shall continue to apply from January 01, 2024
until completion.
7. Regarding estimated
profits that have been recorded of bad debts that have not been divested of
credit institutions as prescribed and the difference between book value of the
debt included in the balance sheet and selling price of the bad debt and the
specific provision for such debt which are being allocated according to Article
16 of Resolution No. 42/2017/QH14, they shall continue to be allocated according
to regulations in Article 16 of Resolution No. 42/2017/QH14 from January 01,
2024 until the end of August 14, 2027.
8. Managers, executives
and holders of other titles of credit institutions or foreign bank branches
that are elected and appointed before the effective date of this Law but fails
to meet regulations in Articles 41, 42 and 43 of this Law may continue to hold
their positions until the end of their terms or until expiration of their
election and appointment period.
The Board of Directors of
a credit institution that is elected before the effective date of this Law but
fails to meet regulations in Clause 1 and Clause 3 Article 69 of this Law may
keep operating until the end of its term.
By the effective date of
this Law, if the number of members of the Board of Members of a credit
institution that is a single-member limited liability company exceeds the one
specified in point a Clause 1 Article 73 of this Law, it shall be adjusted to
comply with regulations in point a Clause 1 Article 73 of this Law before July
01, 2025.
By the effective date of
this Law, if the number of members of the Board of Controllers of a commercial
bank is not consistent with regulations in Clause 2 Article 51 of this Law,
such number may remain unchanged according to regulations in Clause 2 Article
44 of the Law on Credit Institutions No. 47/2010/QH12 amended by the Law No.
17/2017/QH14 until the end of the term of the Board of Controllers or the term
of office of each member, except for the case where the commercial bank elects,
appoints, or replaces members of the Board of Controllers.
9. If credit institutions
placed special control have their restructuring guidelines decided before the
effective date of this Law and fall outside the cases specified in Clause 10 of
this Article, the adjustment to guidelines and the development and approval of
restructuring plans shall comply with regulations in sections 1, 1b, 1c, 1d,
1dd and 1e Chapter VIII of the Law on Credit Institutions No. 47/2010/QH12
amended by the Law No. 17/2017/QH14 on adjustment to guidelines and development
and approval of plans.
Restructuring plans which
have been approved before the effective date of this Law shall continue to be
implemented. Amendments to such restructuring plans approved shall comply with
regulations of this Law.
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a) If such credit
institutions fall into dissolution cases in Article 202 of this Law, they shall
be dissolved according to regulations of this Law and relevant laws;
b) If such credit
institutions fall outside dissolution cases in Article 202 of this Law, they
shall go bankrupt according to regulations in Article 203 of this Law and
relevant laws;
11. From the effective
date of this Law, shareholders, shareholders and their related persons that
hold shares in excess of the limits specified in Article 63 of this Law may
continue to maintain such holdings of shares but must not obtain more shares
until regulations on holdings are complied with according to this Law, except
for receipt of dividends in shares.
If the maximum
permissible holdings of a major shareholder, a shareholder and their related
persons at a commercial bank performing national defense tasks exceed the
limits specified in Article 63 of this Law before the effective date of this
Law, the holdings may remain unchanged in accordance with regulations in
Clauses 2, 3 and 4 Article 55 of the Law on Credit Institutions No.
47/2010/QH12 amended by the Law No. 17/2017/QH14.
12. Credit institutions
that are implementing restructuring plans decided by competent authorities
before the effective date of this Law may continue to implement such plans
until completion, except for the case specified in Clause 9 of this Article.
13. Microfinance programs and projects of socio-political
organizations and non-governmental organizations that are being implemented
before the effective date of this Law shall not have their operational
organization adjusted according to regulations of this Law but regulations of
the Government.
14. Any credit
institution or foreign bank’s branch which has been issued with a license for
factoring and letter of credit before the effective date of this Law may carry
out activities specified in point d and point e Clause 3 Article 107, point e
Clause 1 Article 114, Clause 6 Article 115, point dd Clause 1 Article 119,
point a Clause 1 Article 120 and point g Clause 1 Article 124 of this Law
without having to make any revision to the license.
15. Credit institutions,
foreign bank branches, asset management companies affiliated to credit
institutions, and Vietnam Asset Management Company (VAMC) established and
operating in accordance with regulations of the Law on Credit Institutions that
are entitled to transfer entire or partial real estate projects received as
collateral before the effective date of this Law in order to collect debts are
not required to meet the eligibility requirements to engage in real estate
business to be satisfied by transferors of real estate business projects laid
down in the law on real estate business but the following conditions shall be
satisfied:
a) The transferred real
estate projects shall meet conditions specified in points a, d, dd, g and h
Clause 1 Article 40 of the Law on Real Estate Business No. 29/2023/QH15 and
they shall obtain decisions on land allocation and land lease issued by
competent authorities;
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This Law has been
ratified by the 15th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam during its 5th extraordinary session held on January 18,
2024.
CHAIRMAN OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
Vuong Dinh Hue