VIETNAM
STANDARD
TCVN
5738:2021
Fire protection - Automatic fire alarm system -
Technical requirements
Foreword
TCVN 5738 : 2021 replaces
TCVN 5738 : 2001.
TCVN 5738 : 2021 is
developed with reference to Standard SP 5.13130.2009 of the Russian Federation.
TCVN 5738 : 2021 is developed
by Vietnam Fire and Rescue Police Department at the request of the Ministry of
Public Security, appraised by the Directorate for Standards, Metrology and
Quality and issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology.
FIRE
PROTECTION - AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM - TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
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This Standard provides for
technical requirements imposed on automatic fire alarm system installed in buildings
and constructions.
This Standard does not provide
for technical requirements for automatic fire alarm systems installed in buildings
and constructions designed according to special requirements.
2. Normative
references
The following referenced
documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest
edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
TCVN 7568-14:2015 (ISO
7240-14:2013): fire alarm system - Part 14: Design, installation, commissioning
and service of fire detection and fire alarm systems in and surrounding buildings.
TCVN 7568-10:2015 (ISO
7240-10:2012): Fire alarm system - Part 10: Point-type flame detectors.
3. Terms
and definitions
For the purposes of this
Law, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1
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means a system that
automatically detects and indicates the location of the fire.
3.1.1
“Conventional fire alarm
system”
means an automatic fire
alarm system that can indicate an area where there is one or more fire
detectors.
3.1.2
“Addressable fire
alarm system”
means an automatic fire
alarm system that can indicate address of each fire detector.
3.1.3
“Intelligent fire alarm
system”
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3.2
“Automatic fire detector”
means an automatic device sensitive
to fire phenomena (temperature increase, smoke emission, lighting) and
transmits appropriate signal to the fire alarm control panel.
3.2.1
“Point detector”
means a detector which is
located directly in the protected area and is sensitive to environmental
influences according to characteristics of each type of detectors.
3.2.2
“Heat detector”
means an automatic fire
detector sensitive to an increase in temperature of the environment where the
detector is located.
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“Fixed temperature heat
detector”
means a heat detector that
responds when temperature of the area where the detector is located reaches a
predetermined value.
3.2.2.2
“Rate of rise heat detector”
means a heat detector that
responds when temperature of the area where the detector is located rises at a
rate exceeding a predetermined value.
3.2.2.3
“Line type heat detector”
means a heat detector that
has a line-shaped structure and react to fire factors in the whole area where
the cable runs.
3.2.3
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means an automatic fire
detector sensitive to particles of solid or liquid products of combustion
and/or pyrolysis suspended in the atmosphere.
3.2.3.1
“Ionization smoke detector”
means a smoke detector sensitive
to combustion products capable of affecting ionization currents within the
detector.
3.2.3.2
“Photoelectric smoke
detector”
means a fire detector sensitive
to combustion products capable of affecting the absorption or scattering of
radiation in the infrared, visible, and/or ultraviolet region of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
3.2.3.3
“Optical smoke detector”
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3.2.3.4
“Projected beam type smoke
detector”
means a smoke detector which
consists of two components, light ray transmitter and receiver, or
transmitter/receiver and reflector, which will operate if smoke is present
between the transmitter and receiver or between the transmitter/receiver and
reflector and its concentration reaches the alarm threshold.
3.2.4
“Flame detector”
means an automatic fire
detector which reacts to the radiation emitted by flames from a fire.
3.2.5
“Combine detector”
means an automatic fire
detector reacting to at least 2 fire phenomena.
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“Aspirating smoke detector”
means a detector which
automatically draws samples of air from the protected area through air inlet
ducts into the detector via a network of sampling pipes to analyze and detect signs
of a fire (smoke, changes in chemical compositions of the environment). Each air
inlet duct is considered as a smoke detector.
3.2.7
“Wireless fire alarm system”
means a fire alarm system
using radio waves to transmit and receive alarm signals.
3.3
“Manual call point”
means a device that raises a
fire alarm manually.
3.4
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means a device that supplies
electric power to the fire alarm system.
3.5
“Conjunctive devices”
include components, signal
cable and wire systems, and components that form a conjunction between devices
of the fire alarm system.
3.6
“Fire alarm control panel”
means a device that supplies
energy to automatic fire detectors, other devices in a fire alarm system and
fulfill the following functions:
- receive signal from
automatic fire detectors, deliver fire alarm signal and indicate the area where
fire occurs.
- transmit fire detection
signal through the signal transmitter to fire station or/and to automatic fire protection
equipment.
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- automatically control
operation of other peripheral equipment.
3.7
“Sound alarm”
provides a warning by sound
signal to all people inside of buildings and constructions when fire occurs.
3.8
“Light alarm”
provides a warning by light
signal to all people inside of buildings and constructions when fire occurs.
4. General
provisions
4.1. The
design and installation of automatic fire alarm system must comply with
requirements and regulations of relevant applicable standards.
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- detect quickly enough to
fulfil its intended functions;
- translate the detection
signal into a clear alarm signal that will attract the attention of occupants so
as for them to immediately take appropriate measures;
- show good
anti-interference ability;
- signal immediately and
clearly any supervised fault of the system;
- not be adversely affected
by any other systems whether associated with it, or not;
- not be rendered partially
or totally inoperative by the fire before the fire or phenomenon has been
detected.
4.3. A
fire alarm system must be reliable and fully fulfil its intended functions
without any errors or omissions.
4.4. Any
fault affecting a component of a fire alarm system should not result in further
faults in the system.
4.5. A
fire alarm system includes the following basic components: Fire alarm control
panel, automatic fire detector, manual call point, conjunctive devices,
electrical power supply. Depending on requirements, the fire alarm system
consists of modules, signal transmitters and monitoring equipment, etc.
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4.6.1. Choose
smoke detectors with sensitivity suitable for different types of smoke.
4.6.2. Flame
detectors should be installed where:
- The flame or heat which is
excessive (over 600°C) is produced when fire occurs at the beginning stage;
- The flame is produced in
rooms whose ceiling height exceeds the limits at which smoke detectors or heat
detectors are installed;
- Other types of detectors cannot
react timely when the fire occurs to protect occupants and their properties if
the flame speed is fast.
4.6.3. The
sensitivity of flame detectors must be equivalent to the emission spectrum of
the flame front produced by combustible materials in a protected area.
4.6.4. Use
heat detectors in places where the heat is produced mainly at the beginning of
the fire and the false alarm may be raised if using other detectors.
4.6.5. Do
not install rate of rise heat detectors or combination heat detectors
(rate of rise heat and fixed temperature heat) in environments with abrupt
temperature swings of exceeding 5°C/min.
4.6.5. Do not install fixed
temperature heat detectors in environments that the air temperature in the fire
may not reach the temperature at which the detectors react or reach the
activation threshold after a long period (exceeding the prescribed fire detection
time).
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4.6.7.
If the predominant factor of fire cannot be determined in a
protected area, the combination of fire detectors sensitive to different fire
phenomena or installation of combine detectors is recommended.
NOTE: A predominant factor
of fire is a factor which is detected in the earliest stage of the fire.
5. Fire
alarm control panels (FACPs)
5.1. Fire
alarm control panels must be set up to automatically check signals transmitted
from detectors, fire alarm zones and other devices used in the fire alarm
system to eliminate false alarms. It is not permissible to use centers which do
not have a fire-alarm function as an automatic fire alarm control panel.
5.2. FACPs
must be located where 24-hour supervision is provided. If 24-hour supervision
is not provided, FACPs must have the function of transmitting fire alarm
signals and faults to the fire control room or place where 24-hour supervision
is provided and measures should be in place to protect the FACPs from
unauthorized access.
The places where FACPs are
located must be equipped with telephones that connect directly to fire and
rescue police units or receiving rooms.
5.3. FACPS
must be installed on walls, partitions and desks free of fire and explosion hazards.
5.4. If
FACPs are installed on constructions made of combustible materials, these constructions
must be protected with steel plates with a minimum thickness of 1 mm or other
non-combustible materials with a thickness of at least 10 mm. In this case, the
size of the protection plate shall be such that each of its edge does not extend
beyond the contour of these FACPs at least 100 mm from any direction.
5.5. The
distance between FACPs and the ceiling made of combustible materials
shall not be less than 1.0 m.
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5.7. If
FACPs are installed on walls, columns of a building or machine stands, the
height from the floor to the operational control elements shall be from 0.8 to
1.8 m and meet the requirements of ergonomics.
5.8. Temperatures
and humidity measured in places where FACPs are located must comply with
technical documents and instruction manuals of FACPs.
5.9. Sound
and light signals transmitted in notices about the fire must be different.
5.10. When
fitting automatic fire detectors with FACPs, the compatibility of the system
(voltages applied to fire detectors, types of supervisory signals, fault
detection methods, wire test units) must be noted.
5.11. FACPs
for use in conventional fire alarm systems usually have the number of reserved
radio channels of at least 10%.
6. Automatic
fire detectors
6.1. Automatic
fire detectors must be such that they detect fire in a manner that fulfills
their functions and technical specifications as prescribed in TCVN 7568-14.
The choice of automatic fire
detectors must be based on properties of combustible agents, characteristics of
the protected premises and properties of buildings mentioned in Appendix A.
6.2. Fire
detectors, when actuated, must flash indicator lights. If an automatic fire
detector is not equipped with an indicator light, a fire alarm light must be
equipped to replace.
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6.3. The
quantity of automatic fire detectors required to be installed in a protected
area depends on requirements for detecting fire on the entire are of such
protected area and meets technical requirements.
If an automatic fire alarm
system is used to control an automatic fire extinguishing system, each location
in the protected area must be controlled by 2 automatic fire detectors of 2
different zones or 2 different addresses.
For a building with
suspended ceiling, if technical systems, power cables and signal cables are installed
in the space between the ceilings, it is required to install a fire detector on
the above ceiling.
6.4. Smoke
detectors and heat detectors shall be installed below the ceiling or roof of a
building. If such detectors cannot be installed on the roof or ceiling of the
building, it is permitted to install them on beams, girders and columns or hang
them on wires under the ceiling in case the following requirements are
satisfied:
- Sloping roof is a roof
with a roof slope of greater than 1/8 from the outside of the higher wall’s top
plate to the lower.
- A-roof is a roof with a
roof pitch of more than 1/8 from the right height to the entire width of the building
(applying to both dome or curved roofs).
- Formula for calculation of
slope/pitch of a roof:
S
=
H1 - H2
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W
- Applied points on the
ceiling within 0.9 m from the higher wall are determined.
- Location at which the
first fire detector is installed will be any of the applied points. (Except for
the triangle area which is under the roof and the triangle areas in the corners
of the building with the two sides of 0.1 m from the walls, which are dead-air
spaces where air does not circulate and no new air flows in or out of the
space).
- Locations and distances of
the remaining fire detectors are determined on the basis of the top view of the
roof and calculation parameters in the same manner as the flat ceiling.
Figure
1. Methods for locating fire detectors on the building with sloping roof
Figure
2. Methods for locating fire detectors on the building with pitched roof
- In spite of several
special cases where fire detectors must be installed near to walls or on walls,
it is not permitted to install fire detectors in the dead-air spaces of the building.
For fire detectors installed on walls, it is recommended to install them in the
areas of not more than 0.1 m to 0.3 m from the roof down.
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Figure
3. Methods for locating fire detectors near to walls or on walls of the
building
6.5. Additional
point, heat and smoke detectors must be installed in each compartment with a width
of 0.75 m and more limited by constructions protruding from the ceiling and a
distance of more than 0.4 m.
If constructions protruding
downwards from the ceiling at a distance of from 0.08 m to 0.4 m, the automatic
fire detectors shall be installed such that they are installed on the ceiling
without any protrusions, and the area controlled by a fire detector shall be
reduced by 25%.
If constructions protruding
downwards from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m with a width of less
than 0.75 m, the automatic fire detectors shall be installed such that they are
installed on the ceiling without any protrusions, and the area controlled by a
fire detector shall be reduced by 40%.
6.6. If
the distance from the ceiling to the upper edges of combustible materials,
technological equipment and structures of a construction is 0.6 m or less,
automatic fire detectors shall be placed directly in the sideline created by
such materials.
When installing point smoke
detectors in the rooms with a width of less than 3 m or under a raised floor or
above suspended ceilings and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7 m, the
distance between the fire detectors specified in Table 1 can be increased 1,5-folds
.
When installing fire
detectors under raised floors, above false ceilings and in other places
inaccessible for viewing, it is necessary to provide possibility to determine
the location of the activated detector (for example, they should be targeted or
addressable, that is to have the device address, or to be connected to
self-loops or must have a remote optical indication, etc.). The construction
of raised floors and false ceilings should provide access to the fire detectors
for their maintenance.
6.7. The
point, smoke, heat detectors installed on the ceiling, can be used to protect
the space below the perforated suspended ceilings, if the following conditions
are fulfilled simultaneously:
- Perforation has a periodic
construction and its area exceeds 40% of the surface;
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- Suspended ceiling
thickness shall not be more than 3 times the minimal perforation cell size.
If one of these requirements
is not fulfilled, the fire detectors must be installed on suspended ceilings in
the main room, and where necessary, additional detectors should be installed to
protect the space behind the suspended ceiling.
6.8. The
number of passive type automatic fire detectors installed on one channel of the
fire alarm system depends on technical characteristics of the fire alarm
control panel but the protected area of each zone shall not be more than 2000 m2
for open protected areas and 500 m2 for closed protected
areas. The use of automatic fire detectors must comply with technical
requirements, standards and technical documentation of automatic fire detectors
published by producers and rely on ambient conditions of the area to be
protected.
NOTE:
- Open protected area is an
area in which smoke and flame generated in the protected area of the entire zone
such as museum, workshop or hall can be seen.
- Closed protected area is
an area in which smoke and flame generated in the protected area of the entire zone
such as cable cellar, suspended ceiling or separated room cannot be seen.
6.9. In
case an FACP does not have the function of indicating the address of each
automatic fire detector, the automatic fire detectors shall be installed on one
zone allowing control of up to 20 rooms or areas on the same floor with common
corridor access but outside each room or area, there must be indicator lights
of any fire detector installed in such rooms or areas and they must comply with
the requirements of Article 6.8.
If a room has a glass door
or glass wall with a common corridor from which can be seen into the room
through the glass wall or glass door, it is permissible not to install
indicator lights on the outside of that room.
6.10. The
distance from fire detectors to the outer edges of vents of ventilation or air
conditioning systems must be at least 1 m.
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Placement of fire detectors
shall be executed in such a way that nearby devices and objects (pipes, ducts,
equipment, etc.) do not interfere with the affecting of fire factors on the
detectors, and sources of optical radiation and electromagnetic interference do
not affect the detector survivability.
6.11. In
case of installation of different types of fire detectors in a protected room,
the distance between the fire detectors must be determined in such a way that
each location in that room is protected by at least one fire detector.<0
In case of installation
different types of fire detectors in a control zone, their placement is done in
accordance with the requirements of current standards for each type of a
detector.
If the predominant factor of
fire is not defined, it is permissible to install combined fire detectors
(smoke - heat) or a combination of smoke and heat fire detectors. In that case
the detectors are placed in accordance with Table 2.
If smoke is a predominant
factor of fire, the detectors are selected and placed in accordance with Table
1 or Table 3.
When determining the
quantity of detectors, a combined detector is treated as a single detector.
In case of installation of
combined detectors in a control zone, the distance between these detectors
shall be determined according to the predominant factor of fire.
6.12. In
explosion-hazard areas, explosion-proof fire detectors shall be used.
In areas with high humidity
and/or dust, appropriate humidity and/or dust proof fire detectors shall be
used.
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6.13. Point
smoke fire detectors
The area controlled by one
smoke detector, as well as the maximum distance between the smoke detectors,
the smoke detector and the wall, should be determined according to Table 1, but
not exceeding values specified in the technical specifications and data sheets
for smoke detectors.
Table
1 - Regulations on installation of point smoke fire detectors
Height
of protected room (m)
Average
area controlled by one detector (m2)
Maximum
distance (m)
Between
detectors
From
detector to the wall
Up to 3,5
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9,0
4,5
Over 3,5 to 6,0
Up
to 70
8,5
4,0
Over 6,0 to 10
Up
to 65
8,0
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Over 10 to 12
Up
to 55
7,5
3,5
6.14. Projected
beam type smoke detectors
6.14.1. Projected
beam type smoke detectors shall be used in protected areas with a height of up
to 21 m. The distance between the projected beams and the wall must not exceed
4.5 m or less, and between the projected beams must not exceed 9.0 m. For the
area with a pitched roof or A-roof, the distance is determined horizontally.
6.14.2. The
distance from the beam to the ceiling shall be between 0.025 m and 0.6 m. A
beam which is greater than 0.6 m from the ceiling is allowed when the distance
between the beams is not greater than 25 % of the installation height of the
projection smoke fire detector and the distance between the beam and the wall
is not greater than 12.5 % of the installation height of the projection smoke
fire detector, then the distance of the projection smoke detector vertically to
the highest point of the combustible substance is not less than 2 m.
6.14.3. The
minimum and maximum distance between the transmitter and the receiver or the transceiver
and the reflector is determined by the technical documentation for specific
types of detectors.
The minimum distance between
projected beams, from the projected beams to the wall and surrounding objects
must be determined in accordance with the requirements of the technical
documentation in order to avoid mutual interference.
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6.15. Point
heat fire detectors
6.15.1. The
area controlled by one heat detector, as well as the maximum distance between
the heat detectors, the heat detector and the wall, should be determined
according to Table 2, but not exceeding values specified in the technical
specifications and data sheets for heat detectors.
Table
2 - Regulations on installation of point heat fire detectors
Height
of protected room (m)
Average
area controlled by one detector (m2)
Maximum
distance (m)
Between
detectors
From
detector to the wall
Up
to 3,5
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5,0
2,5
Over
3,5 to 6,0
Up
to 20
4,5
2,0
Over
6,0 to 9,0
Up
to 15
4,0
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6.15.2. Heat
fire detectors should be place with account of exclusion of heat impacts not
related to fire.
6.16. Flame
detectors
6.16.1. Flame
detectors should be installed on the ceilings, walls and other constructions or
on equipment to be protected. If smoke occurs at the initial stage of fire,
the distance from the detector to the ceiling must be at least 0.8 m.
6.16.2. Space
of the protected area should be determined from viewing angle of the detector, sensitivity
to the flame of the specific combustible material, sensitivity and technical
requirements under TCVN 7568-10. In addition, fire detectors must meet the
specifications specified in the technical documentation published by the producers.
When the protected area is
covered by equipment, storage racks or other objects, additional fire detectors
must be installed in this area.
6.17. Aspirating
smoke detectors
6.17.1. Aspirating
smoke detectors (ASD) shall be actuated depending on the sensitivity of the
detectors and classified into 3 types:
- Class А - high sensitivity
(smoke obscurity less than 0.8 %/m);
- Class В - increased
sensitivity (smoke obscurity from 0.8 to less than 2.0 %/m);
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6.17.2. The
time for sampling of air from the furthest sampling hole to the fire detector
depends on the sensitivity of the aspirating smoke detector and shall not
exceed:
- 60s for class A;
- 90s for class B;
- 120s for class C;
6.17.3. Aspirating
smoke detectors must be installed in accordance with Table 3, depending on the
sensitivity class.
Table
3 - Regulations on installation of aspirating smoke detectors
Sensitivity
class of aspirating smoke detector
Maximum
height of the protected room (m)
Protection
radius of 1 air sampling hole (m)
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30
6,5
Class B, increased
sensitivity
18
6,5
Class C, standard
sensitivity
12
6,5
Aspirating smoke detectors
are used to protect large perforations and constructions such as atrium halls, production
buildings, warehouses, passenger terminals, sports rooms, stadiums, circuses,
museum galleries, galleries, etc.
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6.17.4. It
is permitted to place sampling pipes of aspirating smoke detectors into structures
of a building or décor elements, however, functionality of air sampling holes
must be ensured. Sampling pipes can be placed above suspended ceiling or under the
raised floor with air inlet ducts arranged vertically along the pipes, running
through suspended ceilings or raised floor in order that air sampling holes of
the sampling pipes must be placed in the space of the protected area. It is
permitted to use air sampling holes in the sampling pipes (including through
the use of capillary tubes) to monitor the presence of smoke both in the main
and in the emanated space (behind suspended ceiling / raised floor). If
necessary, it is permitted to use capillary tubes with a hole at the end to
protect the hard-to-reach places, as well as air samples from inside the
machines, tools, etc.
The maximum length of the sampling
pipes, as well as the maximum amount of air sampling holes are defined by
specifications of the aspirating smoke detector.
When installing sampling
pipes in the locations with a width of less than 3 m or under a raised floor,
or above suspended ceiling and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7
m, the protection radius of the air sampling holes specified in the Table 3 may
be increased by 1,5 times.
6.18. Line
type heat detector
6.18.1. Heat
detectors shall be installed below the ceilings or directly on combustible
materials.
6.18.2. When
installing line type heat detectors below the ceilings, technical
specifications must be the same as those of point heat detectors.
If combustible materials are
placed on a goods rack, it is permitted to only install line type heat
detectors above each layer of the rack.
Line type heat detectors
should be installed in such a way that there is no damage caused by mechanical
impacts.
6.19. Wireless
fire alarm devices
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Wireless fire alarm devices
must be verified by a competent authority to check whether they meet ISO
7240-25 standard or an equivalent standard.
7. Manual
call points
7.1. Manual
call points shall be installed inside as well as outside of buildings and constructions,
on walls and constructions at a height of 1.4 m ± 0.2 m from ground or floor
level and there must be an empty space in the form of a semicircle with a
radius of 0.6 m around the front of each manual call point.
7.2. Manual
call points must be installed at visible and accessible positions of exits or
stair landings (see Appendix B) If necessary, they can be installed in each
room. The distance between manual call points must not exceed 45 m and the
distance from a manual call point to the exit of each room shall not exceed 30
m.
7.3. If
manual call points are installed outside of a building, the maximum distance
between manual call points shall be 150 m and there must be clear signs identifying
the locations. Manual call points installed outside of a building must be
waterproof or measures should be in place to prevent them from rain and
environmental impacts. The positions where manual call points are installed
must be lighted continuously at nights.
7.4. Manual
call points can be installed on separate zones, addresses or on the zone of
fire detectors.
7.5. In
order to avoid unintended effects on manual call points in apartment buildings
and educational institutions, the manual call points with transparent
hinged cover must be installed/used.
8. Cable,
signal wire and power supply wire systems
8.1. The
selection of cables and signal wires of automatic fire alarm systems
must comply with relevant applicable standards and codes of practice for
installation of electric devices and wires in accordance with technical
requirements of this standard and technical documentation of each specific
device.
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8.3. Signal
circuits of the automatic fire alarm system shall be automatically checked for
technical conditions along the length of the signal circuits.
8.4. Signal
lines of the automatic fire alarm system must be made of separate wires and
cables containing copper cores. It is permitted to use copper core
communication cables of the integrated communication network but they must be
separated from communication channels.
8.5. Nominal
area of copper cores of cables and signal wires should be determined on the
basis of the permissible voltage loss of the automatic fire alarm system but should
not exceed 0.75 mm2 (equivalent to 1 mm diameter of the copper core)
for backbone cables. It is permitted to use multiple twisted conductors but the
total nominal area of twisted copper cores shall be at least 0.75 mm2.
The nominal area of each copper core of the backbone cable shall be at least 0.5
mm2. Multi-conductor cables can be used under a common shielded
layer, but the diameter of copper core of each conductor should be at least 0.5
mm.
Total resistance of signal
wires on each fire alarm zone shall not exceed 100 Ω and values set for each
type of fire alarm control panel.
8.6. Signal
cables used to control peripheral equipment, signal wires connecting fire
detectors in automatic fire alarm systems used to activate the automatic fire
extinguishing system must be highly heat-resistant (fire resistant signal
cables and wires are required to meet a survival time of 30 minutes). The
signal cables used to control peripheral equipment can be common cables but
measures should be in place to protect them from heat impacts for at least 30
minutes.
8.7. It
is not permitted to install signal wires of an automatic fire alarm system and
control wires of an automatic fire extinguishing system with a voltage of less
than 60 V together with wires with a voltage of 110V or more in the same conduit,
box, bundle or closed channel of the building structure, unless they are
separated by incombustible materials meeting a survival time of at least 15
minutes.
8.8. In
case of parallel wiring, distance between wires of lighting and electrodynamic
lines and cables and signal wires of automatic fire alarm systems must be at
least 0.5 m. It is permitted to install these cables and wires at a distance of
less than 0.5 m provided that there is protection against electromagnetic
blasts.
8.9. In
case there is an interference source in a construction or for an addressable
fire alarm system, it is mandatory to use anti-interference cables and signal
wires. If cables and signal wires are not resistant to interference, they must
be threaded onto a grounded metal tube or box.
For conventional automatic
fire alarm systems, it is recommended to use cables and signal wires that are resistant
or susceptible to interference but threaded onto grounded metal tubes or boxes.
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9. Sound
and light
9.1. Sound
alarms:
9.1.1. Sound
fire alarms must meet the following requirements:
- Alarm signals must be
distributed simultaneously in fire compartments/buildings and constructions
- Alarm signals must be
clearly heard in all locations in fire compartments/buildings and constructions.
- The sound intensity at all
locations must be at least 10 dBA greater than the ambient sound pressure level
and not exceed 105 dBA.
The sound alarm signals for
sleeping areas must be at least 15 dBA greater than the ambient sound pressure
level (provided that the doors are closed).
9.1.2 For
areas such as hospitals where patients cannot tolerate stress caused by loud noises,
sound intensity and notifications shall be such that alerts are issued to
hospital staff and mental distress caused to patients is minimized.
Note: In cases where
buildings and constructions are equipped with public sound systems, the sound
intensity of these systems should meet the requirements of Article 9.1.1
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9.2.1. Light
warning devices shall be located:
- On corridors, emergency
exits;
- Where deaf people regularly
stay;
- Where the background noise
exceeds 95 dBA;
- Noise restriction areas (e.g.
operating rooms in hospitals)
9.2.2 Light
warning devices installed in buildings and constructions must meet the
following requirements:
- They are mounted on the
ceiling or wall in an appropriate quantity so that they are visible at all
locations in the areas specified in Article 9.2.1;
- When mounted on the wall,
the minimum height from the base of the wall to the lamp should be at least 2.0
m;
- Light warning signals shall
simultaneously flash;
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10. Power
supply and protective grounding
10.1. The
FACP of a fire alarm system shall have two independent power sources: One is a
220 V AC source and one is a backup battery.
The voltage tolerance of the
AC power supplied to the FACP should not exceed ±10%. In case this voltage
tolerance exceeds 10%, a voltage stabilizer must be used before supplying power
to the FACP.
A backup battery must
provide capacity for at least 24 hours when the device operates in always-on
mode and 1 hour when fire occurs.
When using a battery as a
power supply, the battery must be charged automatically.
10.2. FACPs
shall be grounded for protection. The grounding must satisfy the requirements
of the applicable code of practice for electrical equipment grounding.
APPENDIX
A
(Informative)
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No.
Characteristics
of protected premises
Type
of fire detector
A. Production facilities
I. For production and
storage of:
1
Wood and wood products,
textiles, plastics, ready-to-wear clothing, leather, tobacco, fur, and paper
products, celluloid, cotton. Synthetic resins, fibers, polymeric materials,
rubber, rubber products, synthetic rubber, highly flammable photographic and
radiographic films.
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2
Varnishes, paints,
solvents, flammable liquids, chemicals, lubricants, distilleries products.
Smoke, flame
3
Alkali metals, metal powders
Flame
4
Grain powder, compound
foods, other foods and materials releasing dust.
Heat, flame
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Paper, cardboard,
wallpaper, animal and poultry feeds.
Smoke, heat or flame
III. For storage of:
1
Incombustible materials contained
in combustible packs, flammable solids.
Heat or smoke
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Rooms with computers,
radios, PBX.
smoke
B. Special purpose constructions:
1
Premises for cable
installations, for transformers, distributing devices, switch rooms.
Heat or smoke
2
Premises for equipment and
piping for the transfer of flammable liquids and oils, testing internal
combustion engines and fuel equipment, filling cylinders with combustible
gases.
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3
Workshops for automobile
maintenance and repair, garages.
Smoke, heat or flame
C. Public buildings and
constructions:
1
Audience halls, rehearsal,
lecture, reading and meeting rooms, green rooms, make-up rooms, dressing
rooms, clothing rooms, repair premises, waiting rooms, rest rooms, corridors,
buffer rooms, book storage rooms, archives rooms, space behind suspended
ceilings.
smoke
2
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Smoke, heat or flame
3
Accommodations, patient
rooms, goods warehouses, public dining buildings, kitchens. Administrative
rooms, offices, machine rooms, control rooms.
Heat, smoke
4
Hospital rooms, facilities
of trade, public catering, service, rooms, accommodation hotels and dormitories.
Heat, smoke
5
Museum and exhibition
premises.
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D
Buildings and constructions
with large volumes
1
Atriums, production halls,
warehouses, logistic centers, shopping malls, passenger terminals, stadiums, sports
halls, circuses, etc.
smoke
2
Rooms with computers, radios,
PBX, server rooms, Data Centers, customer care centers.
smoke
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APPENDIX
B
(Informative)
Areas
for installation of manual call points depending on the purpose of buildings
and premises
Specific
areas
Areas
for installation
1. Industrial constructions,
infrastructure and facilities (workshops, warehouses, etc.)
Along escape routes, in
corridors, at exits from workshops, warehouses
1.1. Single-storey
1.2. Multi-storey
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2. Cable constructions
(tunnels, floors, etc.)
At the entrance to the
tunnel, on the floor, at emergency exits from the tunnel, at tunnel branching
3. Administrative and
public buildings
In corridors, lobbies,
hallways, on landings, at exits from the building
Bibliography
[3] NFPA 72:2019: National
Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.
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Foreword
1. Scope
2. Normative references
3. Terms and definitions
4. General provisions
5. Design requirements for
fire alarm control panels
6. Design requirements for
fire detectors
7. Design requirements for
manual call points
8. Design requirements for
cables, signal wires and control equipment
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10. Design requirements for
electrical power supply and protective grounding
Appendix A
Appendix B
Bibliography