Note: In some
countries, where it is judged by a competent authority that the quality control
procedures and reliability of manufacture of certain dry chemical internal
hermetically sealed (welded seal) cartridge-type extinguishers are considered
adequate, the first internal examination only may be delayed from the date of
manufacturer until required by 4.3.2.5
4.3.2.5 In addition to the annual
maintenance specified in 4.3.1 to 4.3.2.4, the maintenance procedures in
accordance with Table 2 shall be performed at intervals not exceeding five
years.
Note 1: Non-rechargeable
fire extinguishers, other than clean agent types, shall be discharged and
discarded not later than five years from their date of manufacture.
Note 2: Non-rechargeable
fire extinguishers of the clean agent type shall be removed from service and
returned to a recycling centre for recovery of the clean agent not later than
five years from their date of manufacture.
4.3.2.6 Clean agent extinguishers
shall not be discharged to the atmosphere but shall be emptied at intervals not
exceeding five years by a method that permits recovery of the clean agent.
Following emptying, the additional maintenance in accordance with Table 2 shall
be performed. When emptied, measures should be taken to minimize any emissions
of clean agents into the atmosphere.
Table 2
No.
Maintenance
procedure
Category
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2
(5years)
3
(5years)
1
Discharge the extinguisher
completely. After discharge, the zero pressure gauge (where provided) shall
indicate zero pressure, and an indicator (where provided) shall show a
discharged position.
x
x
x
2
Open the extinguisher, clean the
inside and examine the body internally for corrosion or damage. If the
extinguisher is slightly corroded, or has sustained minor damage, it shall be
discarded or subjected to hydrostatic testing. If heavily corroded or
severely damaged, it shall be discarded.
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x
x
3
Examine, as appropriate, the
nozzle, strainer and hose, vent holes (or other venting device) in the cap or
valve assembly, and the internal discharge tube. Clean, if necessary.
x
x
x
4
Examine all sealing washers and
hose (if fitted), and replace if defective.
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x
x
5
Check the operating mechanism for
free movement and clean, rectify
or replace as necessary.
x
x
x
6
Re-assemble the extinguisher and
recharge. See 4.4.
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x
x
4.4 Recharging
4.4.1 All rechargeable-type
extinguishers shall be recharged after any use or when indicated by an
inspection or maintenance deficiency.
4.4.2 When performing the
recharging, the recommendations of the manufacturer shall be followed.
4.4.3 The amount of recharge medium
shall be verified by weighing. The recharged gross mass shall be the same as
the gross mass that is marked on the manufacturer's label. For those
extinguishers that do not have the gross mass marked on the label, a permanent
marking that indicates the gross mass shall appear elsewhere on the
extinguisher.
4.4.4 After recharging, a leak test
shall be performed on stored pressure and self-expelling media extinguishers
and cartridges.
Where liquid leak detection methods
are employed, caution shall be exercised to prevent contamination of the media
with the liquid.
4.4.5 Aqueous film-forming foam
(AFFF), film-forming fluoroprotein (FFFP) foam and wet chemical extinguishers
shall be recharged with fresh media in accordance with the instructions on the
extinguisher.
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4.4.7 One powder shall not be mixed
with, or allowed to be contaminated by, another powder.
4.4.8 Extinguishers shall not be
converted from one type to another, nor shall any extinguisher be converted to
use a different type of extinguishing medium.
4.4.9 The remaining powder in a
discharged extinguisher shall not be re-used.
4.4.10 Extinguishers removed for
five-year maintenance or hydrostatic testing shall be emptied. The powder shall
not be re-used unless a closed recovery system is used and the media separately
stored in a sealed container to prevent contamination. Prior to re-use, the
powder shall be thoroughly checked. Where doubt exists with respect to type,
contamination or condition of the powder, it shall be discarded.
4.4.11 For all non-water types of
extinguishers, any moisture present in the emptied extinguisher shall be
removed before recharging.
4.4.12 Clean agent-type
extinguishers shall only be charged with the proper type and mass of medium as specified
on the nameplate. Halon for recharging shall meet the requirements of ISO 7201.
4.4.13 The removal of media from
clean agent extinguishers shall only be done using a closed recovery system for
clean agents. The extinguisher cylinder shall be examined internally for
contamination and/or corrosion. The media retained in the system recovery
cylinder shall be re-used only if no evidence of internal contamination is
observed in the extinguisher cylinder. Clean agent removed from extinguishers
that exhibit evidence of internal contamination or corrosion shall be processed
in accordance with the extinguisher manufacturer’s instructions.
4.4.14 Carbon dioxide shall meet
the requirements of TCVN 6100
4.4.15 When recharging water-type
extinguishers, overfilling will result in improper discharge. The correct
amount of liquid medium shall be determined by using one of the following:
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- exact measurement by volume.
- use of an anti-overfill tube when
provided.
- use of a fill mark, if provided.
4.4.16 Gauges used to set the
regulated source of pressure shall be calibrated at least annually.
4.4.17 A rechargeable
stored-pressure-type extinguisher of pressure shall be pressurized only to the
charging pressure specified on the extinguisher nameplate. The manufacturer’s
pressurizing adaptor shall be connected to the valve assembly before
pressurizing the extinguisher. A regulated of pressure, set to no higher than
0.2 MPa above the operating (service) pressure, shall be used to pressurize
fire extinguishers.
Warning: An unregulated source of
pressure, such as a nitrogen cylinder without a pressure regulator, shall never
be used, because the extinguisher could be overpressurized and possibly
rupture.
Never leave an extinguisher
connected to the regulator of a high-pressure source for an extended period of
time. A defective regulator could cause the shell to rupture due to excess
pressure.
4.4.18 Only standard
industrial-grade nitrogen or other inert gas with a dew point of -550C
or lower shall be used to pressurize stored pressure powder and clean agent
fire extinguishers. Compressed air through moisture traps shall not be used for
pressurizing, even if this is stated in the instructions on older
extinguishers.
Note 1: For stored pressure powder
fire extinguishers only, compressed air may be used from special compressor
systems capable of delivering air with a dew point of -550C or
lower. The special compressor system shall be equipped with an automatic
monitoring and alarm system to ensure that the dew point remains at or below
-550C at all times.
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4.5.1 The maintenance company shall
keep records of all extinguishers serviced by their personnel, including the
type of service performed.
4.5.2 The date service was
performed and the identification of the organization and person performing the
service shall be recorded.
4.5.3 Each extinguisher shall have
a tag or label securely attached that indicates the month and year the service
(maintenance, recharging and hydrostatic tests) was performed, and this shall
identify the person performing the service.
4.5.4 Labels recording service
shall not be placed on the front of the extinguisher.
5. HYDROSTATIC
PROOF-PRESSURE TESTS
5.1 General
5.1.1 Hydrostatic tests shall be
performed by persons trained in pressure-testing procedures and safeguards, and
having available suitable testing equipment, facilities and appropriate service
manual(s) (see Annex B).
5.1.2 If at any time an
extinguisher shows evidence of corrosion or mechanical injury, and is not
discarded, it shall be hydrostatically tested, subject to the provisions of
5.1.3 and 5.1.4.
Note 1: Non-rechargeable fire
extinguishers, other than clean agent types, shall be discharged and discarded.
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5.1.3 When an extinguisher cylinder
or shell fulfils one or more of the conditions listed below, it shall not be
hydrostatically tested, but shall be destroyed by the owner or at his or her
direction:
a/ when there exist repairs by
soldering, welding, brazing or use of patching compounds;
b/ when the cylinder or shell
threads are damaged;
c/ when there exists corrosion that
has caused pitting;
d/ when the extinguisher has been
burned in a fire;
e/ when a calcium chloride type of
extinguishing medium has been used in a stainless-steel extinguisher;
f/ when the extinguisher is
considered obsolete (see Annex C)
5.1.4 Extinguishers having
aluminium cylinders or shells suspected of being exposed to temperatures in
excess of 1600C shall be removed from service and subjected to a
hydrostatic test.
Note: The
structural integrity of aluminium cylinders or shells is reduced when they are
exposed to temperatures in excess of 1600C. These temperatures may
occur under fire exposure or during repainting operations where oven drying is
utilized.
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5.2.1 At intervals not exceeding 10
years, extinguishers shall be hydrostatically tested.
Note: For
non-rechargeable extinguishers, see 5.1.2
5.2.2 High-pressure cartridges or
nitrogen cylinders used for inert expellant gas storage for wheeled
extinguishers shall be hydrostatically tested at intervals not exceeding 10
years.
Note 1: Cartridges not exceeding 5
cm outside diameter and having a maximum capacity of 300 g are exempt from
periodic hydrostatic retest.
Note 2: Where national regulations
specify shorter test intervals, those intervals shall apply.
5.2.3 A hydrostatic test shall be
performed on extinguisher hose assemblies equipped with a shut-off nozzle at
the end of the hose. The test interval shall be the same as that specified for
the extinguisher on which the hose is installed.
5.3 Test pressures
5.3.1 All extinguishers, cartridges
and nitrogen cylinders used with wheeled extinguishers shall be tested at the
factory test pressure.
5.3.2 Carbon dioxide hose
assemblies shall be tested at 10 Mpa (see 5.2.3).
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Annex A
(Normative)
COMPETENT PERSONS
A.1 General
This Annex gives an approach to
determining and assuring the competency of persons engaged in the servicing of
fire extinguishers. Alternative methods may be considered in achieving a
satisfactory level of competence.
A.2 Training and experience of a
competent person
A.2.1 The competent person shall be
trained with at least 3 months “on the job” or practical experience and by
participation in a training course. The recommended length of the course should
be at least 32h.
The competent person shall
successfully pass an examination at the end of the training course. The
examination shall be supervised by an independent body recognized by national
authorities.
A.2.2 The training course shall be
run by a manufacturer or other qualified and recognized body.
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Annex B
(Normative)
PROOF-PRESSURE TESTING
B.1 General
This annex gives a well-proven
approach to proof-pressure testing of extinguisher pressure vessels. While the
possibility of using equivalent procedures is not excluded, alternative methods
should be considered carefully in light of the inherent dangers.
B.2 Test equipment
B.2.1 Proof-pressure testing shall
be performed hydrostatically
Warning: If air or gas is used as a
sole medium for pressure testing, or if all air is not vented from the vessel
prior to hydrostatic testing, failure of the extinguisher vessel will be
violent and dangerous.
B.2.2 The equipment for testing
high-pressure cylinders and cartridges shall be of a water jacket type that
meets appropriate national specifications.
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B.2.4 The equipment for testing
low-pressure types shall consist of the following:
a/ a hydrostatic test pump, hand or
power operated, capable of producing not less than 150% of the test pressure,
and including appropriate check valves and fittings;
b) a flexible connection for
attachment to the test pump provided with the necessary fittings for attachment
to the extinguisher closure;
c/ a protective cage or barrier for
personnel protection, designed to provide visual observation of the
extinguisher under test.
Figure B.1 illustrates a
low-pressure, portable hydrostatic test cage designed to protect service
personnel during such operations to be used for hydrostatic tests of
low-pressure extinguishers but not of high-pressure cylinders. The cage should
not be anchored to the floor during test operations. Such cages can be made by
any metal fabricator.
B.2.5 Drying equipment is required
to dry all non-water types of extinguishers that have passed the hydrostatic
test.
B.3 Test procedures
B.3.1 An internal examination shall
be made prior to the hydrostatic test
B.3.2 The hydrostatic testing of
high-pressure cylinders and cartridges shall be in accordance with the procedures
specified in TCVN 6154:1996 and TCVN 6166: 1996
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B.3.3.1 All valves, internal parts,
and hose assemblies shall be removed and the extinguisher emptied.
Note: On some powder extinguishers
(cartridge-operated), the manufacturer recommends that internal parts not be
removed.
B.3.3.2 All powder types of
extinguishers shall have all traces of extinguishing materials removed from
inside the shell before filling with water.
B.3.3.3 On all powder extinguishers
having an externally mounted gas cartridge for creating discharge pressure, the
cartridge (and some cartridge receivers) shall be removed and a suitable plug
inserted into the shell opening at the point of removal.
B.3.3.4 All wheeled extinguishers
equipped with a shut-off nozzle at the outlet end of the hose shall have the
hose (complete with couplings but without the discharge nozzle) removed and
tested separately.
To conduct maintenance or a
hydrostatic test on wheeled extinguishers equipped with a regulator(s),
disconnect the regulator or low-pressure hose from the media container.
B.3.3.5 On all wheeled stored
pressure powder extinguishers, remove the head assembly and replace it with a
suitable test closure.
B.3.3.6 Then attach the hose of the
hydrostatic test pump by the flexible connection to the discharge nozzle, hose
assembly, test bonnet or test fitting, as applicable. In the case of wheeled
powder extinguishers, procedures and fittings should be those recommended by the
manufacturer.
B.3.3.7 Then place the extinguisher
in the protective test cage or, in the case of wheeled units, behind a
protective shield before applying the test pressure.
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B.3.3.9 For extinguishers tested
with their cap in place, the cap shall be tightened slowly while the water
supply remains open. When all of the entrapped air within the shell has been
bled off and after water emerges, the cap shall be tightened fully.
B.3.3.11 Then apply pressure at a
rate of pressure rise so the test pressure is reached in not less than 30s. Maintain
this test pressure for at least 30s. Make observations during this time to note
any distortion or leakage of the extinguisher shell.
B.3.12 If no distortion or leakage
is noted and if the test pressure has not dropped, the pressure on the
extinguisher shell may be released. The extinguisher is then considered to have
passed the hydrostatic test.
B.3.3.13 All traces of water and
moisture shall be removed from all powder and clean agent extinguishers by use
of a cylinder dryer. If a heated air stream is used, the temperature within the
shell shall not exceed 660C.
B.3.3.14 Any extinguisher shell
that fails the hydrostatic test shall be destroyed by the owner or following
his or her instructions.
B.3.4 The testing procedures for
hose assemblies requiring a hydrostatic test shall be as follows:
B.3.4.1 Remove the discharge nozzle
from the hose assembly without removing of any hose couplings.
B.3.4.2 For powder types, remove
all traces of powder.
B.3.4.3 Then place the hose
assembly into a protective device, whose design will permit visual observation
of the test. Personnel testing the hose assembly should remain a safe distance
away from the hose being tested.
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B.3.4.5 Then apply pressure at a
rate of pressure rise to reach the test pressure within 1 min. The test
pressure shall be maintained for fully 1 min. Make observations to note any
distortion or leakage.
B.3.4.6 If no distortion or leakage
is noted, or the test pressure has not dropped, or the couplings have not
moved, the pressure shall then be released. The hose assembly is then
considered to have passed the hydrostatic test.
B.3.4.7 Hose assemblies passing the
test shall then be completely dried internally. If heat is used for drying, the
temperature shall not exceed 660C.
B.3.4.8 Hose assemblies failing a
hydrostatic test shall be destroyed.
B.4 Recording of tests
B.4.1 High-pressure types
For high-pressure gas cylinders and
cartridges passing a hydrostatic test, the month, year and the inspector’s
identification number shall be stamped onto the cylinder in accordance with the
requirements of TCVN 6156:1996. It is important that the recording (stamping)
be placed only on the shoulder, top head, neck or footring (when so provided)
of the cylinder.
B.4.2 Low-pressure types
Extinguisher shells that pass a
hydrostatic test shall have the test information recorded on a durable label. The
label shall be affixed to the shell by means of a heatless process. These
labels shall be self-destructive when removal from an extinguisher shell is
attempted. The label shall include the following information:
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- test pressure used;
- name or initials of person
performing the test, or name of agency performing the test;
- Hose assemblies passing a
hydrostatic test are not required to be recorded.
Dimensions
in centimetres
Details of
cage
Key:
1 hasp on 10cm x 7,5 cm plate
2 piano hinges
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4 flattened, expanded metal, 1,5 cm
thick, of gauge 16-18
5 1,5 cm strip on all edges
6 hasp and latch
7 handle
8 hose opening
Figure B.1
– Example of a low-pressure portable hydrostatic test cage
Annex C
(Normative)
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The following types of
extinguishers are considered obsolete and shall be removed from service:
a/ soda acid types;
b/ chemical foam types;
c/ chlorobromomethane or carbon
tetrachloride types;
d/ non-rechargeable types more than
5 years old;
e/ inverting types;
f/ copper or brass shell types
(excluding pump tanks) jointed by softer solder or rivets;
g/ steel shell types joined by
rivets;
h/ other extinguisher types
regulated as unsuitable or unsafe for use by national authorities.
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(informative)
HAZARD TYPES
Table D.1 is an example of specific
criteria for selection of the hazard type (see TCVN 7435 -1 for definitions)
Table D.1
Parameter
Type of
hazard
Low
Moderate
High
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Up to 25
Not
applicable
In excess
of 25
Number of occupants
Less than
15
Between
15 and 250
In excess
of 250
Building surface area (m2)
Less than
300
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In excess
of 3000
Flammable gases (liters)
Less than
500
Between
500 and 3000
In excess
of 3000
Flammable liquids (liters)
Less than
250
Between
250 and 1000
In excess
of 1000
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Less than
500
Between
1000 and 2000
In excess
of 2000