Height from which
objects may fall (m)
|
Danger zone boundaries -
Minimum dimension (m)
|
For construction in
progress or existing structures (calculated from external circumference or
surrounding structures)
|
Areas for transport,
lifting, lowering loads (calculated from external circumference of ground
projection to the largest dimension of loads)
|
< 20
|
5
|
7
|
20 ÷ < 70
|
7
|
10
|
70 ÷ < 120
|
10
|
15
|
120 ÷ < 200
|
15
|
20
|
200 ÷ < 300
|
20
|
25
|
300 ÷ < 450
|
25
|
30
|
c) Danger zone boundaries under
Point l of 2.1.1.3 shall be determined in accordance with guidance of
manufacturers. With respect to pressurized pipelines, boundaries of danger
zones shall equal the greater value between values determined in accordance
with manufacturers' instructions and values under Schedule 2;
Schedule - Danger zone
boundaries for testing of pressurized pipelines
Types of pipelines and
testing pressure
Pipe diameter (mm)
Diameter of the
smallest danger zone from the outer edge of the pipes (m)
< 300
7
300 ÷ 1000
10
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20
≤ 500
10
> 500
20
≤ 500
15
> 500
25
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2.1.1.5 The use of materials, components,
products, construction machinery on construction sites, and PPE must comply
with relevant law provisions (including regulations and law on: Goods quality;
construction; occupational safety and hygiene; health; environmental
protection; fire prevention and firefighting; traffic, chemicals, management
and use of weapons, explosive ordnance, explosive precursor substances, and
combat gears) and the following regulations:
a) Using materials, components, and
products that meet standards and regulations hereunder;
b) Construction machinery must be
accompanied by all adequate documents at the time of sale (or rent), including:
Manufacturers’ instructions on installation, testing, use, or operation, and
maintenance; certificate of origin; certificate of quality; certifications or
test results issued by manufacturers or certificate of conformity to standards
(if any); certificate of conformity to regulations according to QCVN (if
corresponding National technical regulation exists); periodic inspection (if
any);
c) Materials and machinery subject
to strict occupational safety and hygiene requirements must undergo safety
inspection in accordance with regulations and law on occupational safety and
hygiene;
d) Construction machinery must:
- Be designed reasonably and with ergonomics in mind (in
which, seats of employees must be particularly focused on);
- Be kept in proper operational conditions;
- Be operated and maintained in accordance with manufacturers’
instructions;
- Be installed by employees who have received training for
that type of construction machinery;
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2.1.2 Temporary passages and work
area access
2.1.2.1 Temporary passages in construction
sites must conform to relevant design standards, technical requirements and be
subject to traffic safety assurance measures.
2.1.2.2 Work area access must be sturdy,
safe, and installed with sufficient warnings and signs.
2.1.3 Hygiene, environment, and
health
2.1.3.1 Organizations and individuals
related to construction activities on construction sites must comply with
regulations and law on occupational safety and hygiene, health, and
environmental protection.
2.1.3.2 Employers must prepare and implement
programs, plans, and measures for maintaining hygiene and environment of
construction sites and adjacent areas, including:
a) Assign appropriate storage and
warehouses for materials, components, products, and construction machinery;
b) Regularly clean and remove
refuse, wastes on construction sites;
c) Storage of unused loose materials
must be positioned in a manner that does not affect construction activities,
movement within construction sites, and adjacent areas;
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dd) Collect wastewater and solid
waste on construction sites, treat wastewater, and transport solid waste out of
construction sites in accordance with regulations and law on environmental
protection;
e) Establish barriers or take other
appropriate measures to keep: Emission, noise, vibration, and other factors
within the permissible range according to regulations and law on environmental
protection.
NOTE: Permissible indices of air,
noise, and vibration quality are specified under QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN
06:2009/BTNMT, QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, and QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT.
2.1.3.3 Employers must promulgate
regulations on safety assurance of employees working on construction sites,
which include but are not limited to:
a) Regulations on hygiene and
environment;
b) Regulations on cases where work
must be suspended in case of natural disaster or extreme weather events (see
2.1.11);
c) Regulations on use, storage, and maintenance
of PPE (see 2.19);
d) Regulations on working hour and
health conditions for employees who: Work night shifts; operate construction
machinery; work at height, on sloped surfaces, in basements, in tunnels, in
toxic environment, in environment with compressed air, amidst loud noises, or
in other confined spaces; use explosive substances; work on the water (or close
to the water), underwater; and work in areas with other hazardous factors in
accordance with regulations on occupational safety, hygiene, and health;
dd) Regulations on use and operation
of construction machinery;
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g) Regulations on use and handling
of materials, components, products, substances, and chemicals on construction
sites.
2.1.3.4 Employees working on construction
sites must comply with regulations promulgated by employers mentioned under
2.1.3.3.
2.1.4 Falling object prevention
2.1.4.1 Safety measures for areas
susceptible to falling objects mentioned under Point h of 2.1.1.3, Point b of
2.1.1.4 must conform to 2.1.1.2.
NOTE: See regulations relating to
danger zones and safety assurance measures against risk of falling objects
under 2.2 through 2.15 hereof.
2.1.5 Fall prevention
2.1.5.1 Guardrails must be installed to
prevent humans from falling when working at height of 2,0 m or more (from the
ground or from the floor), on the roof, on sloped surfaces, pitched roof, or
around openings or holes.
2.1.5.2 If guardrails cannot be installed,
at least one of the following measures must be implemented:
b) Install and maintaining safety
nets or platforms for catching falling persons;
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NOTE: Cases where lanyard and
lifeline are elaborated under relevant sections of this Regulation.
2.1.6 Collapse prevention
2.1.6.1 Prior to continuing construction
after a temporary suspension or maintenance, repair, upgrade, expansion,
dismantlement, or deconstruction of an existing structure, review and safety
assurance measures must be taken so as to prevent partial or total collapse of
the structure, including:
a) Review and structural safety
assessment (load-bearing capacity assessment) of the structure part or
entirety. If structural safety assessment results show risk of collapse, temporary
support must be established in accordance with 2.3;
NOTE 1: If construction process
continues after a period of suspension, project developers, construction
supervisors (or EPC general contractors), design contractors, and employers are
responsible for conducting structural safety assessment in regard to completed
structures, parts, and sections of the structures based on visual inspection,
documents and construction quality dossiers, design dossiers, technical
instructions and requirements of the design, and test result, other test
results of the structures.
NOTE 2: In regard to existing
structures, structural safety assessment shall conform to construction laws (if
any) and relevant regulations in this document.
b) Identifying of danger zones and
implementation of preventive measures, safety assurance in accordance with
2.1.1.2 through 2.1.1.4.
2.1.7 Preventing trespassing
2.1.7.1 Construction sites must be
barricaded to prevent trespassing. If construction sites are located in remote or rural areas,
warning signs can be erected to prevent trespassing as long as there are people
assigned to guard, issue warning, and control entry, exit.
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2.1.7.2 Do not allow unauthorized
individuals to enter construction sites (including temporary site
accommodations). In case visitors arrive for business purposes or as a leisure activity, the
visitors are allowed only to visit approved locations while donning appropriate
PPE, complying with regulations of the construction sites, and instructions of
competent individuals.
NOTE: Competent individuals are
persons authorized by project developers or employers to implement safety
assurance for business or leisure visitors as well as security measures in
construction sites.
2.1.8 Fire prevention and
firefighting
2.1.8.1 Organizations and individuals
engaging in construction activities on construction sites must adhere to this
Regulation and other regulations of the law pertaining to fire prevention and
firefighting.
2.1.8.2 Employers and employees must take
all necessary measures in order to:
a) Prevent the risk of fire;
b) Quickly and effectively control
the fire;
c) Ensure quick and safe evacuation.
2.1.8.3 Flammable materials, components,
substances, and chemicals must be stored separately in appropriate storage and
protected from trespassers.
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2.1.8.5 In confined spaces or areas where
flammable gases, dust, vapor can be dangerous:
a) Only electrical appliances
(including electrical wire, other power sources) and hand-held lamps with fire
safety assurance are allowed;
b) Open fire, heat-generating
equipment, and other flammable sources are not allowed;
c) “No smoking” signs must be
erected;
d) Flammable substances, refuse such
as wood, cardboard, sawdust, rag, waste contaminated with fats and oils must be
regularly and promptly cleaned and removed from these areas;
dd) Appropriate ventilation system
must be installed.
2.1.8.6 At work areas:
a) All flammable and very flammable
materials and substances must be placed in sealed boxes or containers made of
metal or other flameproof materials;
b) Refuse (flammable and very
flammable substances) must be regularly cleaned and removed.
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2.1.8.8 Welding, heat cutting, and other
heat-generating activities shall only be conducted when:
a) All welding and cutting tools
have been examined, inspected, tested for safety as per the law;
b) All appropriate preventive
measures have been taken in order to reduce fire risks;
c) These activities are conducted
under supervision of persons who have received training and certificate
pertaining to fire prevention and firefighting.
NOTE: Safety assurance in the use of
heat-generating equipment must comply with QCVN 03:2011/BLDTBXH, QCVN
17:2013/BLDTBXH, and other relevant National technical regulations.
2.1.8.9 In regard to areas prone to fire
risks, appropriate firefighting equipment must be positioned in visible and
accessible locations whereas water supply for firefighting must be properly
situated with sufficient pressure. All firefighting equipment must be periodically
maintained, examined, and inspected for safety in accordance with regulations
on fire prevention and firefighting. Access to firefighting equipment such as nozzles,
hoes, handheld fire extinguishers, valves, couplings must be clear at all time.
2.1.8.10 All appropriate fire
alarm equipment and devices must be installed in areas where fire risks are
present and other necessary locations. These equipment and devices must be
audible and be able to transmit signals, warnings regarding to fire, signs of
fire, or risks of fire to all positions in construction sites attended by
employees.
2.1.8.11 Signs relating to fire
alarm, fire extinguishing equipment and devices must be positioned in a visible
location and indicate:
a) Where buttons (or switches) of
fire alarm devices or where the nearest fire alarm devices are located;
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2.1.8.12 Exit accesses must be
regularly inspected and clear at all time, especially exit accesses of areas at
heights and limited access areas such as basements, underground structures,
tunnels, restricted spaces; fire exit signs must be erected in appropriate and
visible locations.
2.1.8.13 Employers must:
a) organize and provide training
pertaining to the use of firefighting equipment and evacuation skills for
employees (including procedures, what needs to be done in case of fire, and
evacuation solutions or skills);
b) assign at least 2 people who have
undergone fire safety training as per the law to assist firefighting when
necessary at construction sites.
2.1.8.14 Employers and relevant
personnel departments must record the number of employees, name of employees,
means of communication with employees in each shift for the purpose of management
and fire protection.
2.1.8.15 Employers must devise
plans for detail and effective evacuation to allow everyone on site to evacuate
rapidly and without panic. In addition, evacuation plans must account for the cases
where construction machinery and equipment stop working or have to stop working
in case of fire. Employers must organize periodic evacuation drills for all
employees on site.
2.1.9 Lighting
2.1.9.1 Appropriate lighting with sufficient
light must be installed in areas where natural light is insufficient for
maintaining safety such as during night-time, in basements, and in tunnels
(including portable or hand-held lights if appropriate). Access of work areas and
areas which people frequently travel through at construction sites must receive
lighting for the purpose of safety assurance.
NOTE 1: See QCVN 22:2016/BYT for
lighting requirements at workplace and specific types of work.
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2.1.9.2 Artificial light must be controlled
so as to prevent glare, flash, or shadows which will prevent employees from
performing their work safely due to inability to accurately perform tasks,
inability to see clearly or reduced visibility.
2.1.9.3 Lights must be protected by physical
measures and other appropriate measures to prevent shattering by collision or
strong wind.
2.1.9.4 Electrical wires for hand-held
lighting equipment must have dimensions and technical properties suitable with
electrical engineering requirements and appropriate durability to withstand
harsh conditions during construction.
NOTE: See 2.16 for more detail.
2.1.10 Lightning safety
2.10.1 Prior to carrying out construction
activities, contractors are responsible for surveying conditions and adopting
necessary technical solutions for lighting safety at construction sites in
accordance with TCVN 9385:2012 and relevant law provisions.
2.1.11 Natural disasters and
dangerous weather conditions
2.1.11.1 During storm and
hurricane seasons, employers are responsible inspecting and adopting solutions
below:
a) Collect and secure loose items
such as wooden planks, boards, boxes, metal containers, doors, and other loose
items to prevent danger to people in construction sites and the vicinity;
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c) Implement protective measures (if
necessary) for walkways, rails, foundation structures supporting construction
machinery and equipment on construction sites vulnerable to flood or
inundation;
d) Implement other necessary
measures to protect people at construction sites from storms, hurricanes, heavy
rain, flood, inundation.
2.1.11.2 Other than those professionally
trained for rescue, employees are prohibited from working in areas that are
directly affected by natural disasters or weather events that can harm them in
the following cases:
a) In case of tropical depression,
storms or breezes corresponding to wind force level 5 or higher (according to
the Beaufort wind scale under QCVN 02:2009/BXD);
b) In case of hurricanes, hails,
lightning;
c) In case air temperature exceeds
35 oC or is lower than 0 oC without specialized PPE;
d) In case of inundation on
construction sites or underground structures, tunnels;
dd) In case of heavy rain of 51
mm/24 hours or 26 mm/12 hours or higher;
e) When working underwater, close to
or on the water where strong waves are present (wave height at 2,0 m or more),
strong current.
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2.1.11.3 Following natural
disasters, contractors are responsible for inspecting and assessing risk of
safety on construction sites (such as land depression, holes, electrical wires,
electrical appliances, electrical systems, and other dangerous factors),
scaffold conditions, temporary supporting structures, structural safety in
accordance with Point a of 2.1.6.1, conditions of suspended (or anchored) items
on construction sites and other work items under 2.1.11.1.
2.1.11.4 Employees shall only
continue working as soon as contractors confirm safety assurance conditions in writing.
2.1.12 Suspended construction
2.1.12.1 Prior to suspending
construction, conform to 2.1.11.1 and the following regulations:
a) Shut all unnecessary sources such
as electricity, gas, water, compressed air, other fuel that supply: Electrical
wires, electrical appliances, electrical system; construction machinery in
construction sites or on construction sites;
NOTE 1: Adopt procedures for
suspending or changing construction machinery in accordance with manufacturers'
instructions and relevant regulations hereunder.
NOTE 2: In regard to hoist shafts,
if suspension duration is longer than periodic inspection duration or 12
months, hoist shafts must be dismantled or lowered to their free-standing
height and kept within construction perimeters.
b) Support and cover construction
areas prone to collapse or damage due to natural disasters or dangerous,
extreme weather events;
c) Adopt measures for preventing
trespassing in accordance with 2.1.7.
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2.1.12.3 Employees shall only
continue working as soon as contractors confirm safety assurance conditions in writing.
2.2 Scaffolding and ladder
2.2.1 General provisions
2.2.1.1 Employers are responsible for
placing scaffolds, ladders, ramps, and other measures and promulgating
regulations on management, use, inspection, and regular inspection hereof for
the purpose of safety assurance in areas of construction sites where employees
are to slip or fall while performing work (such as working at heights, on
platforms, or in holes, on building exterior, traveling between storeys or
ascending or descending ramps).
2.2.1.2 Scaffolds must allow safe access by
employees via the use of ladders or stairs or ramps. Ladders, stairs, and ramps must by
fixed and immovable.
2.2.1.3 Ladders, stairs, components of
scaffolds and scaffolds must be designed, manufactured, assembled, used,
inspected, and maintained in accordance with applied standards and
manufacturers’ instructions.
2.2.1.4 In regard to scaffolds at a 28 m
height or more, contractors are allowed to design if they have experience of
similar work or select organizations, individuals to design accordingly.
NOTE: Height of scaffolds is
calculated from the foundation of the scaffolds to the top of the scaffolds
(foundation can be the ground surface or supporting structures).
2.2.1.5 Scaffolds and parts thereof must:
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b) be made from quality materials
and products and suitable for use purposes; come in all necessary sizes; and
have sufficient load-bearing capacity depending on use purposes;
c) be maintained as per the law.
2.2.1.6 In regard to scaffolds, ladders, and
parts thereof that are made from materials, components, and products that are
non-metal (such as bamboo, wood) and not to standards, employers are
responsible for producing design dossiers (which at least must include
installation and structure drawings of all primary components and parts), issuing
installation and assembly procedures, solutions, inspecting sturdiness,
stability of scaffolds and joints, and testing load-bearing capacity depending
on use purposes with minimum load factor of test load of 4. The test must be
supervised and verified by competent individuals.
NOTE 1: Competent individuals mean
construction supervisors affiliated to project developers (or EPC general contractors).
NOTE 2: See 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4,
2.2.5, 2.2.7, and 2.2.8 for other requirements pertaining to scaffolds,
ladders, and other components made of non-metal materials and not to standards.
2.2.2 Materials
2.2.2.1 Materials involved in manufacturing
and installing of scaffolds must be quality materials that meet requirements
under 2.1.1.5.
2.2.2.2 Wood (bars, rods, planks) and other
non-metal materials used as scaffolds must be straight, hard, and not have any
defect (such as puncture, fissure, rotten) which can affect load-bearing
capacity of scaffolds.
2.2.2.3 Defective lashings (lashings that
have come in contact with acid or other corrosive substances or lashings that
have been damaged) must not be used in scaffolds. Lashings and couplers used in
scaffolds made of wood or other non-metal materials must be tested for
load-bearing capacity, meet design requirements or applied standards of
relevant materials, and be approved by competent individuals.
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2.2.2.4 Boards used in scaffolds must be
protected from fissure and splitting.
2.2.2.5 Ladders and boards used in scaffolds
must not be entirely coated in paint so that any defect can be spotted
visually.
2.2.2.6 Scaffold materials must be stored
separately and kept in appropriate conditions in order to maintain quality.
2.2.2.7 Bars, tubes, connectors, and accessories
of metal scaffolds must:
a) use quality materials appropriate
to applied standards;
b) not be damaged or deformed;
c) be protected from corrosion by
appropriate substances.
2.2.2.8 Connectors must be made from
quenched steel or similar materials and must be installed in a manner that
prevents deformation of scaffolding tubes, bars.
2.2.2.9 Scaffolding tubes must be straight
and cross-section thereof must be perpendicular to the axis. Cracked, chipped,
damaged, deformed, or corroded scaffolding tubes are not allowed for use.
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2.2.3 Design, manufacturing, and
assembly
2.2.3.1 Scaffolds must be designed to
withstand load and the following force:
a) Weight of the scaffolds and parts
thereof;
b) The greatest vertical load applied
on the scaffolds where safety factor of load supported by the scaffolds is not
lower than 4 or conforms to regulations of competent authorities. Ropes and
suspension cables of suspended scaffolds must be designed in a manner that
safety factor of the greatest load applied on these ropes and cables is not
lower than 6 or conforms to regulations of competent authorities;
NOTE: Vertical load applied on the
scaffolds is determined by weight of humans, objects, materials, products,
machinery, tools, and other items supported by the scaffolds.
c) Effects of wind (see parameters
under QCVN 02:2009/BXD) and other forces (if necessary);
d) Effects of depression and tilt
(if any).
2.2.3.2 Scaffolds must be fastened, secured,
and anchored properly.
2.2.3.3 If scaffolds are not designed to be
free-standing scaffolds, they must be vertically and horizontally secured to
the constructions in progress (or existing structures) as per installation
design.
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2.2.3.5 Bars supporting work boards and
horizontal beams must be secured and maintained at the correct positions,
properly secured to horizontal bars, vertical bars, or primary bars in order to
maintain stability of the scaffolds during use.
2.2.3.6 Scaffolds and supporting structures
of work boards must be installed on sturdy standards and base plates, secured
and supported firmly to maintain stability and prevent horizontal displacement
or slip.
2.2.3.7 Walls or weak building blocks, water
drainage pipes, smoke exhaust pipes, structures or structural elements that do
not serve the purpose of connecting or supporting in scaffolds and scaffolding
are not allowed.
NOTE: Prior to assembly, employers
must survey and carry out inspection (where inspection results must be recorded
in writing) in order to ensure that all components and structures of the
constructions (including temporary supporting structures) must meet
load-bearing capacity requirements and ensure compatibility for supporting or
connecting with scaffolds. Construction supervisors of project developers (or
EPC general contractors) are responsible for inspecting and approving in
writing.
2.2.3.8 In order to prevent falling object
hazards, work boards, walkways and ladders of scaffolds must be enclosed by
curtains or sheets with sufficient durability and dimensions.
2.2.3.9 Nails joining elements must be fully
driven all the way in. Nails must not be partially driven and bent inwards (to
prevent spontaneous loosening).
2.2.3.10 Do not throw or release
items, parts of scaffolds from the scaffolds or from above. Items or parts of
scaffolds are only allowed to be lowered slowly from scaffolds to designated
areas under supervision of competent individuals who are staying at the same
elevation as where the items and parts of scaffolds are being lowered.
NOTE 1: These areas shall be
determined and inspected for safety on the basis of danger zones under 2.1.1.2
and 2.1.4.
NOTE 2: Competent individuals are
construction overseers or occupational safety and hygiene overseers of
contractors who have received training pertaining to safety assurance in work.
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a) Other separation distances have
been prescribed by competent individuals;
b) Electrical wires and electrical
transmission equipment are reported and confirmed in writing by authorities (or
organizations) overseeing electrical transmission to not carry electricity or
are not used during installation, assembly, use, dismantlement of scaffolds and
decided by competent individuals.
NOTE: Competent individuals include
representatives of project developers or directors of project management boards
of project developers, chief supervisors for construction of project developers
(or EPC general contractors) and site managers (of contractors).
2.2.3.12 In regard to scaffolds
with at least 2,0 in height, guardrails and toe boards are required on work boards,
walkways, and stairs.
2.2.3.13 Work boards, stairs,
ladders, and walkways of scaffolds must have appropriate dimensions; especially
bay width which must be sufficient for the purpose of safety and not be lower
than 50 cm.
2.2.4 Inspection, supervision, and
maintenance
2.2.4.1 Scaffolds must be inspected and
inspection results must be recorded in writing (may include images) by
competent authorities:
a) Before scaffolds are used;
b) Periodically during use:
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- At least 1 day for suspended scaffolds and climbing
scaffolds;
- At least 12 hours for non-metal scaffolds.
c) When scaffolds are changed or
damaged during use or after earthquakes, storms, hurricanes, prolonged heavy
rain or any occasion that potentially affects durability and stability of
scaffolds (such as collision by loads, construction machinery, equipment, or
other collisions).
NOTE: Competent individuals are
construction overseers or occupational safety and hygiene overseers of
contractors who have received training pertaining to safety assurance in use of
scaffolds.
2.2.4.2 The inspection mentioned under
2.2.4.1 ensures that scaffolds use quality materials, are of the correct type
and are assembled as per the law and measures have been taken for safety
assurance and prevention of accidents.
2.2.4.3 Assembly schemes of scaffolds must
not be altered or deviated from the approved designs; scaffolds must not be
dismantled without approval and inspection, supervision of competent
individuals.
NOTE: See 2.2.4.1 for competent
individuals.
2.2.4.4 Scaffolds must be maintained in
proper working conditions; scaffolds parts must be fixed and must not be
replaced during use.
2.2.4.5 It is not allowed to partially
dismantle scaffolds and use the rest of the scaffolds. If the rest of the scaffolds must be
used , calculation and inspection for the purpose of safety assurance during
use.
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2.2.5.1 If scaffolds must support lifting
equipment, the scaffolds must additionally meet requirements below:
a) Scaffolds must be inspected by
competent individuals, fitted with reinforcement measures and other safety
measures (if necessary); including solutions for preventing displacement of
transoms;
NOTE: Competent individuals mean
persons designing the scaffolds or persons who have received training in
structural analysis and experience in designing and inspecting scaffold design.
The inspection must be conducted together with persons managing lifting
equipment.
b) Scaffolds must be connected to
fixed parts or sections of the buildings where closest to location of lifting
equipment;
c) Scaffolds must meet requirements
for the use of lifting equipment under 2.4.
2.2.6 Prefabricated scaffolds
2.2.6.1 Prefabricated scaffolds must have
sufficient parts and components for assembly, bracing, and lashing. The use of prefabricated
scaffolds must comply with manufacturers’ instructions or (suppliers’).
2.2.6.2 Prefabricated scaffolds must be
tested and inspected prior to release in accordance with design, applied
standards, and regulations on product, goods quality.
2.2.6.3 Scaffolding tubes of different kinds
are not allowed in the same prefabricated scaffolds (scaffolding).
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2.2.7 Use of scaffold
2.2.7.1 Employers must inspect compliance
with regulations on scaffold design during use in accordance with 2.2.4.
2.2.7.2 Take appropriate measures (such as
tagline) to prevent loads from colliding with scaffolds.
2.2.7.3 When transferring heavy loads onto
scaffolds, the loads must not be transferred or placed on scaffolds abruptly.
2.2.7.4 Loads and impact must be evenly
distributed on scaffolds.
2.2.7.5 Scaffolds must be regularly
inspected during use so as to not be overloaded or improper use.
2.2.7.6 Materials and items are allowed for
temporary storage on scaffolds (for immediate use).
2.2.8 Suspended scaffolds
2.2.8.1 In addition to general safety
requirements applicable to scaffolds, especially issues relating to
load-bearing capacity, stability, tilt prevention, and falling protection,
suspended scaffolds must additionally meet requirements below:
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b) The quantity of anchorages must
be selected depending on dimensions and shapes of work boards;
c) Employees must be equipped with
lifelines which are anchored fixed and independently of anchorages of
scaffolds;
NOTE: Lifelines must be tested with
similar safety factor as suspension ropes, cables of suspended scaffolds as mentioned
under 2.2.3.1.
d) Anchoring parts of suspended
scaffolds must be designed, assembled, and inspected thoroughly in order to
maintain load-bearing capacity;
dd) Components such as ropes, winches,
and pulleys of suspended scaffolds must be designed, assembled, used, and
maintained in accordance with 2.4;
e) Suspended scaffolding must be
examined, tested with loads, inspected for safety, and approved by competent
individuals as per the law before use.
NOTE 1: See 2.2.8.2 for load testing
and inspection.
NOTE 2: Competent individuals
include construction machinery operators (or safety managers) of contractors
and construction supervisors of project developers (or EPC general contractors)
who have experience in suspended scaffolds.
2.2.8.2 Load testing and inspection of
suspended scaffolds shall conform to the following regulations:
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b) Other suspended scaffolds must be
tested with loads as per design with minimum safety factor of 4 for design
lifting load (including humans, materials, and equipment placed on suspended
scaffolds);
c) Points where scaffolds are
anchored to or connected to or fixed onto structures or scaffolds (for example:
using a suspended cradle scaffold to hang on onto another scaffold): Test load
according to design with minimum safety factor of load at 4 times the load that
the scaffolds are designed to support (including load of cables, boards,
equipment, accessories, and load to be applied on the suspended scaffolds);
d) Anchoring parts of suspended
scaffolds must be tested with load equal to design lifting load according to
Point b of this section with minimum safety factor of 4.
2.3 Temporary supporting structure
2.3.1 General provisions
2.3.1.1 In regard to temporary supporting
structures, surveying, design, construction, assembly, examination, testing,
safety inspection (see 2.3.5), commissioning, use, monitoring, maintenance,
dismantlement, and documentation shall conform to regulations and law on
constructions applicable to constructions and this document.
NOTE: Cofferdams are temporary
supporting structures Safety assurance requirements for working in cofferdams
and caissons shall conform to 2.9.
2.3.1.2 Temporary supporting structures
must:
a) be made from quality materials
and products as per 2.1.1.5;
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c) be connected and secured to
maintain position and shape.
2.3.1.3 If temporary supporting structures
have at least 2 levels or layers:
a) Levels and layers of temporary
supporting structures must be connected and secured properly;
b) Safe accesses are required (via
scaffolds, ladders, or other means) for the purpose of inspection of temporary
supporting structures. Accesses to temporary supporting structures must be
clearly and visibly marked and fitted with falling protection;
c) Implement measures to ensure that
temporary supporting structures and parts thereof do not lose stability or
collapse due to collision or abrupt contact during assembly, use, and
dismantlement.
2.3.1.4 In regard to temporary supporting
structures and parts thereof that are made from non metal or non-quality parts
and components, employers are responsible for producing design dossiers (which
must include assembly drawings, structures of primary parts, components) and
devising assembly solutions and procedures; testing integrity and stability of
assembled temporary supporting structures and connecting parts after the
temporary supporting structures are assembled; testing load-bearing capacity
depending on use requirements with design-compliant test load before use.
NOTE 1: Competent individuals mean
construction supervisors affiliated to project developers (or general EPC
contractors).
NOTE 2: See 2.3.2 through 2.3.8 for
specific requirements applied to non-metal and non-quality temporary supporting
structures.
2.3.1.5 Placement of load onto temporary
supporting structures (or parts thereof) is not allowed until such temporary
supporting structures (or parts thereof) are deemed safe for load placement by
competent individuals, unless otherwise specified in design dossiers.
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2.3.1.6 Only employees in the performance of
their tasks are allowed to enter and work in areas where temporary supporting
structures are located.
2.3.1.7 Other requirements pertaining to
formworks and support for site-cast concrete are specified under 2.11.
2.3.1.8 Employees are not allowed
to work on or inside temporary supporting structures during major vibrations.
2.3.2 Materials
2.3.2.1 Materials of temporary supporting
structures must be design-compliant and quality materials. Materials of temporary
supporting structures shall be selected in the same manner as materials of
building structures.
2.3.2.2 Wood and other non-metal materials
used as girders, braces, and standards must be perfectly straight, durable, and
not defective in a way that affects their load-bearing capacity.
2.3.2.3 The following items are prohibited
from use for temporary supporting structures: defective bolts, connectors,
nails, screws, clamps; metal items that have come in contact with acid or
corrosive substances; products that fail technical requirements of design.
2.3.2.4 Implement measures to prevent
fissures in boards used as formworks.
2.3.2.5 Materials of temporary supporting
structures must be stored and kept in adequate conditions to prevent effect on
their quality and away from materials unfit for temporary supporting
structures.
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2.3.2.7 Materials of beams, braces, casings,
connectors, and accessories of temporary supporting structures must be quality
materials with proper type and satisfactory to technical requirements of the
design; are not damaged, deformed, and maintained using substances suitable for
the materials.
2.3.2.8 Metal connectors must be
manufactured and assembled in a manner that does not cause deformation of
primary connectors and load-bearing tubes.
2.3.2.9 Metal connectors and load-bearing
tubes must be perfectly straight. Do not use connectors and tubes that have been
cracked, split, or extensively corroded.
2.3.2.10 Do not use materials of
different metals in the same temporary supporting structure (other than as
formworks) if load-bearing capacity of the temporary supporting structure is
not tested.
2.3.3 Surveying and design
2.3.3.1 Surveying operations serving the
design of temporary supporting structures must ensure sufficient parameters for
convenient design, construction, and assembly.
NOTE: Parameters serving design
shall be decided by persons designing temporary supporting structures on the
basis of: Purpose of support and types of structures involved; location and
environment of use; geological and hydrographical conditions; base and
foundation conditions; conditions of connection with primary structures
(supported structures); conditions of structures anchoring, holding, suspending
temporary supporting structures; construction solutions, weight, and other
necessary parameters.
2.3.3.2 Temporary supporting structures must
be designed to:
a) Ensure load-bearing capacity
(without sustaining damage, defects, or collapse) against the greatest weight
and impact during use in accordance with technical regulations and standards
applied to the design and actual support requirements;
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b) Ensure localized stability,
general stability, slip protection, and failure protection;
c) Ensure control of deformation and
displacement (due to depression, tilt, torsion, etc.) according to design
requirements of primary structures (supported structures) and standards applied
to structural construction and commissioning of primary structures.
NOTE: In regard to temporary
supporting structures which support construction machinery and equipment,
requirements pertaining to deformation and displacement shall conform to
manufacturers’ instructions or relevant standards.
2.3.3.3 Design dossiers of temporary
supporting structures must include:
a) Regulations on the use of
prefabricated materials and products (if any);
b) Construction drawings of base and
foundation; details supporting, anchoring, or connecting to primary structures;
c) Manufacturing drawings and
requirements;
d) Construction, assembly, and
dismantlement drawings;
dd) Presentation of design
calculation (load, impact, structural element design, connection design, and
details relating to load-bearing capacity and stability of temporary supporting
structures);
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g) Other documents (if any).
2.3.3.4 In regard to temporary supporting
structures below, contractors are allowed to design if they are experienced in
similar tasks or select appropriate structural design organizations and
individuals:
a) Temporary supporting structures
that are at least 9 m tall;
b) Temporary supporting structures that
have at least 3 levels or 3 layers;
c) Temporary supporting structures
in form of girders or consoles that are at least 3 m long;
d) Temporary supporting structures
that support concrete floor that are at least 300 mm thick or concrete girders
whose cross section in 0,5 m2 in area or floors with similar load;
dd) Temporary supporting structures
that support scaffolds mentioned under 2.2.1.4;
e) Temporary supporting structures
that support dug holes (of earth and rocks) that are at least 2,0 m deep;
g) Temporary supporting structures
that provide support in underground structures, tunnels;
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NOTE: Structure levels shall be
determined on the basis of structure type under Circular promulgated by Ministry
of Construction.
i) Temporary supporting structures
that support, anchor construction machinery and equipment that have strict
occupational safety and hygiene requirements according to Point c of 2.1.1.5.
NOTE: In order to minimize risks
(construction machinery and equipment) when using the aforementioned temporary
supporting structures, project developers shall consider and decide on
inspecting temporary supporting structure design devised by independent
organizations and individuals before approving construction measures.
2.3.4 Construction and assembly
2.3.4.1 Safety assurance in construction and
assembly of temporary supporting structures must conform to relevant
regulations pertaining to construction tasks mentioned under this document.
FOR EXAMPLE: Temporary supporting
structures that provide support in bridge girder construction and utilize
reinforced concrete foundation and prefabricated steel frames. In this case,
safety assurance must be implemented in accordance with this Regulation when: Driving
piles (see 2.12), casting concrete (see 2.11), erecting steel structures (see
2.10), using scaffolds (see 2.2), operating lifting equipment (see 2.4), and
carrying out other related safety assurance tasks.
2.3.5 Testing and safety inspection
2.3.5.1 In cases below, temporary supporting
structures and elements, parts thereof must be tested (for load-bearing capacity,
deformation, displacement, and stability) in order to assess the ability to
satisfy design requirements before use:
a) Requirements for testing are
specified under design dossiers;
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c) The design uses steel, metal of a
thickness less than 4 mm;
d) They are used for suspending,
supporting (in form of console) loads;
dd) They are used for anchoring
(e.g. tiebacks, anchors) and sustain load of at least 50 kN;
e) Independent supporting pillars
and bars must sustain load of at least 100 kN or have high slenderness (close
to the maximum allowable slenderness under standards applied in their design);
g) Supporting struts and girders
whose span length is at least 15 m; struts or girders in form of consoles whose
length is at least 4,5 m;
h) Other temporary supporting
structures that are specialized systems or mechanical equipment used for
supporting, suspending, or anchoring (excluding construction machinery and
equipment mentioned elsewhere in this document) according to regulations or
requirements of competent authorities.
2.3.5.2 Temporary supporting structures
and/or elements, parts thereof listed under machinery, equipment, and materials
that have strict occupational safety and hygiene requirements under Point c of
2.1.1.5 must be inspected for safety in accordance with regulations of
competent authorities.
2.3.5.3 Contractors are allowed to conduct
tests for temporary supporting structures mentioned under 2.3.5.1 if they have
experience of similar tasks or choose appropriate conformity assessing bodies
to conduct the test. The test must be witnessed by: Organizations or individuals
designing temporary supporting structures, contractors erecting temporary
supporting structures, contractors constructing structures or supported
structures and construction supervisors of project developers (or EPC general
contractors).
2.3.5.4 Temporary supporting structures
testing outline (details, solutions, procedures, and other requirements) must
be devised by organizations and individuals designing the temporary supporting
structures or inspecting organizations (if this is the case, testing outline
must be approved by organizations and individuals designing the temporary
supporting structures).
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2.3.6 Inspection, supervision, use,
and maintenance
2.3.6.1 Temporary supporting structures must
be inspected and inspection results must be recorded in writing (may include
images) by competent individuals:
a) Before they are brought into use;
NOTE: All temporary supporting
structures that require testing and safety inspection in accordance with 2.3.5.
b) During use at time periods
mentioned under design dossiers or applied standards without exceeding the
“minimum intervals” below applied to temporary supporting structures:
- 6 hours for temporary supporting structures of wood and
other non-metal materials, temporary supporting structures that utilize
supporting mechanical equipment (for example: hydraulic jack), temporary
supporting structures positioned on unstable ground surfaces or structures,
temporary supporting structures providing support or implementing earthworks in
underground structures and tunnels;
- 24 hours for temporary supporting structures of metal and
temporary supporting structures for suspending or serving as anchorages for
other structures;
- 48 cases for other cases.
c) When they are replaced or damaged
during use or due to impact of natural disasters.
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2.3.6.2 Temporary supporting structures must
be inspected in accordance with 2.3.6.1 before use. Inspection results must be
recorded in writing in order to ensure that:
a) Temporary supporting structures
have been built, assembled, commissioned, and tested (according to 2.3.5.1) or
tested for safety (according to 2.3.5.2) in accordance with temporary
supporting structure design dossiers, regulations on construction quality
control according to construction laws and regulations on safety inspection of
competent authorities;
b) temporary supporting structures
will be used for the right purpose and subjects as per design;
c) All safety assurance, accident
protection, and incident resolution measures have been implemented.
2.3.6.3 Do not adjust, change design and
assembly, dismantlement procedures of temporary supporting structures according
to design dossiers without examination, supervision, and approval of competent
individuals (see 2.3.6.1) and organizations or individuals designing the
temporary supporting structures.
NOTE: If temporary supporting
structures must be adjusted due to changes in support demands; the calculation
and inspection must be implemented and design adjustment of temporary
supporting structures must be implemented or approved by organizations or
individuals designing the temporary supporting structures. Re-inspection before
use must conform to 2.3.6.1 and 2.3.6.2.
2.3.6.4 Placement of load on temporary
supporting structures must conform to design requirements and must be done in a
manner that the loads do not abruptly transfer or affect temporary supporting
structures thereby causing temporary supporting structures to lose stability.
2.3.6.5 While using temporary supporting
structures:
a) Regularly monitor, inspect, and
supervise to ensure that temporary supporting structures are not overloaded,
displacements, deformation, and safety control parameters satisfy design
requirements or are not used for the right purposes;
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2.3.6.6 Temporary supporting structures must
not be used as storage of materials or placement of construction machinery and
equipment unless they are used immediately, and the structures are guaranteed
for safety assurance (according to design dossiers or approval of
organizations, individuals designing them) and approved by site managers.
2.3.6.7 Temporary supporting structures must
be maintained during use in accordance with design dossiers.
2.3.7 Total dismantlement, partial
dismantlement, and re-assembly
2.3.7.1 Employers must arrange inspection
and supervision to ensure that all temporary supporting structures and parts
thereof are dismantled in proper order and eligibility for dismantlement
(including partial dismantlement and re-assembly) of each elements, parts, and
temporary supporting structures) conforms to regulations under design dossiers.
2.3.7.2 As soon as temporary supporting
structures are partially dismantled and re-assembled for further use, the
construction, examination, supervision, monitoring, use, and maintenance must
conform to 2.3.1 through 2.3.6.
2.3.7.3 In regard to supported structures
that are structures or parts of structures or structures under construction,
total dismantlement of temporary supporting structures is allowed only when
supported structures have sufficient load bearing capability, conform to
design, and are approved by site managers, chief supervisors of project
developers (or EPC general contractors).
NOTE: In regard to other supported
structures such as dug holes, tower cranes, silos, machinery, equipment, and
other supported structures, contractors shall decide on partial or total
dismantlement of temporary supporting structures depending on their use demand
and safety assurance requirements for personnel on site.
2.4 Lifting equipment
2.4.1 General provisions
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2.4.1.2 Employers must devise and implement
plans so that lifting equipment and lifting accessories are selected,
installed, examined, tested (for load), inspected, maintained, operated, and
dismantled in a manner that:
a) Prevents all potential accidents;
b) Conforms to requirements for
management and use of machinery, equipment, and materials according to
occupational safety and hygiene laws, QCVN 7:2012/BLDTBXH, other relevant
National technical regulations, and manufacturers' instructions.
2.4.1.3 Lifting equipment and lifting
accessories must be designed, manufactured using quality materials, durable,
and be able to fulfill their use demand.
2.4.1.4 Technical dossiers of lifting
equipment (and parts thereof), lifting accessories must specify:
a) Safe working load;
b) Safe working load corresponding
to different lifting radii for lifting equipment that can change its lifting
radius;
c) Requirements for using equipment
corresponding to safe working load under Point a and Point b of this section.
2.4.1.5 If only parameters mentioned under
Point a of 2.4.1.4 of lifting equipment and lifting accessories are specified,
they must be clearly and visibly marked (or written, fixed).
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2.4.1.7 Lifting equipment must be supported,
anchored, lashed, and held in place. Load bearing capacity of ground surface where lifting
equipment is located (or foundation, structures supporting lifting equipment)
must be surveyed, calculated, designed and necessary safety assurance measures
must be implemented in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions and actual
demands. Structures supporting, anchoring, lashing, holding lifting equipment
in place, connecting lifting equipment to constructions must be examined and
conform to regulations applicable to temporary supporting structures under 2.3.
2.4.1.8 Installation of lifting
equipment
2.4.1.8.1 The installation of fixed
lifting equipment must satisfy the requirements below:
a) The fixed lifting equipment must
not be displaced by load, vibration, or other factors;
b) Operators are not placed in a
state (or position) of danger posed by loads, cables, or cable reels;
c) Operators are able to observe the
entire operating area of lifting equipment and vicinity thereof or able to
communicate with loading and unloading areas via telephones, signals, or other
appropriate means of communication.
2.4.1.8.2 Minimum clear distance
from moving parts of lifting equipment and lifting accessories:
a) to stationary objects in
surrounding areas (such walls, pillars) shall be 70 cm;
b) to power lines shall conform to
QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
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2.4.1.8.4 Do not make structural
change or repair any part of lifting equipment without approval and supervision
of competent individuals. All changes must be tested or inspected for safety as per
the law (in regard to machinery, equipment, and materials that demand strict
occupational safety and hygiene requirements).
NOTE: Competent individuals are individuals
designing the lifting equipment or authorized individuals of manufacturers (or
suppliers) or construction machinery and equipment managers (or safety
managers) of contractors and construction supervisors of project developers (or
EPC general contractors) who have received training in construction machinery.
2.4.1.9 Examination, testing, and
safety inspection
2.4.1.9.1 Lifting equipment and
lifting accessories must be examined, tested, or inspected for safety (see
2.4.1.9.3 for subjects of inspection):
a) before using for the first time;
b) after assembling at construction
sites;
c) periodically during use (if
regulated by competent authorities or manufacturers);
d) after repair;
dd) change to structure or position
of the equipment.
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a) Test loads and other requirements
shall conform to manufacturers’ instructions or regulations of competent
authorities (if any);
b) The examination and safety
testing must be conducted by individuals assigned to operate or individuals
eligible for conducting safety inspection as per the law. The examination and
safety testing must be observed by construction machinery and equipment
managers (or safety managers) of contractors and construction supervisors of
project developers (or EPC general contractors).
2.4.1.9.3 In regard to lifting
equipment and lifting accessories that demand strict occupational safety and
hygiene requirements under 2.1.1.5, safety inspection must:
a) conform to regulations under
inspection procedures promulgated by competent authorities;
b) be conducted by organizations
entitled to conduct technical inspection for occupational safety as per the
law;
c) be conducted and observed,
supervised by construction machinery and equipment managers (or safety managers)
of contractors and construction supervisors of project developers (or EPC
general contractors).
2.4.1.9.4 Examination, testing, or
inspection results of lifting equipment and lifting accessories must be
recorded using form promulgated by competent authorities. These documents must be
produced and stored as parts of construction dossiers and must be presented at
request of competent authorities, project developers, operators, or their
representatives.
2.4.1.10 Control system (equipment)
and cabins
2.4.1.10.1 Control system
(equipment) of lifting equipment must:
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b) be arranged to ensure convenience
for users and operators, provide sufficient seat width and unobstructed vision;
c) be fitted with (where necessary) appropriate
remote locks or shift locks to prevent unwanted drift;
d) be placed in areas where they are
not in the way of loads;
dd) have all instruction manuals and
clear, specific instruction panels pertaining to purpose and methods of
operation.
2.4.1.10.2 Lifting equipment must be
fitted with over speed protection devices and anti-drop devices in case of loss
of power (for example: power outage).
2.4.1.10.3 Operators of outdoor
lifting equipment must be provided with:
a) Cabins that are safe and
impervious to weather, designed and manufactured with ergonomic principles in
mind;
b) Clear and obstructed vision of
lifting, lowering areas;
c) Safe access to and out of the
cabins.
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2.4.1.11.1 Operators of lifting
equipment shall only operate the type of equipment which they have been trained
for and must comply with working procedures regulated by employers.
2.4.1.11.2 Lifting equipment and
lifting accessories must not lift or lower loads exceeding their safe working
loads.
2.4.1.11.3 Operation of lifting
equipment is prohibited without the presence of signaling equipment or
personnel.
2.4.1.11.4 Human transport by
lifting equipment is prohibited unless such lifting equipment is designed,
manufactured, assembled, and used for human transport or in emergencies (such
as heavily injured individuals who may die without immediate aid) and safe for
human transport.
NOTE: Lifting platforms for human
must conform to QCVN 20:2015/BLDTBXH.
2.4.1.11.5 Loads must be fastened,
suspended, anchored securely to prevent from slipping, dropping.
2.4.1.11.6 Work platforms or
containers for lifting, lowering bricks, tiles, stone slabs, or other loose
materials must be tightly wrapped to prevent dropping.
2.4.1.11.7 If wheelbarrows are
placed directly on work platforms (or raised platforms), the wheelbarrows must
be fastened and anchored onto the work platforms or protected from moving by
other measures and the platforms must also be tightly wrapped.
2.4.1.11.8 For the purpose of
lifting and lowering wheelbarrows, the wheels must not serve as lifting
accessories (i.e. do not hook or attach towing cables to the wheels) unless
measures have been taken to prevent the wheels and axles from slipping away
from the bearings and load bearing capacity and safety have been tested (in the
same manner applicable to lifting accessories).
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2.4.1.11.10 The lifting and lowering
must be done in a manner where dogmen do not have to lean towards void areas.
2.4.1.11.11 The lifting and lowering
of loads in areas frequently occupied by people and other mobile construction
machinery and equipment must be done in enclosed sections (in order to isolate
from nearby traffic) or sections where measures such as prohibiting or
diverting movement of people and mobile construction machinery and equipment
are taken. Danger zones must be established and safety assurance must be
implemented in these sections in accordance with regulations under 2.1.1.2
through 2.1.1.4.
2.4.2 Hoist
2.4.2.1 Hoists must conform to QCVN 16:2013/BLDTBXH and
regulations below.
2.4.2.2 Barriers must be placed on all sides
of hoist on ground level and all accesses from hoists to the constructions.
2.4.2.3 Height of barriers (other than the
entrance) must be sufficient to prevent people from falling (approximately 2,0
m) without being lower than 1,1 m.
2.4.2.4 Doors of hoists must:
a) be in the form of mesh or net or
perforated boards that allows people to see through; and
b) be at least 2,0 m tall except for
areas where such height is infeasible; and
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2.4.2.5 Masts must be able to resist
yielding and not buckle when brakes are jammed.
2.4.2.6 In regard to installed hoists whose
range of operation is lower than height of the structures, while structure section
above is under construction, cover the top of the hoists for the purpose of
safety assurance and preventing falling objects.
2.4.2.7 Foundation or supporting structures
of hoisting towers must be designed and built for the purpose of safety
assurance and firmly. Hoisting towers must be secured and anchored to the
foundation and the structures at different elevations according to installation
design. Structures supporting, anchoring hoisting towers must conform to 2.3.
2.4.2.8 Ladders are required from the bottom
to the top of outdoor hoists for the purpose of inspection and maintenance.
2.4.2.9 Engines of hoists must be strong
enough to control the greatest lifting and lowering load depending on
requirements of transport tasks.
2.4.2.10 Engines of hoists must
automatically stop reeling when the platforms reach the highest landings
according to installation design.
2.4.2.11 Brakes of cable reels (of
cable hoists) must be engaged when joysticks are not in operation mode (brakes
are automatically put on when joysticks are at 0).
2.4.2.12 Human transportation by
hoists designed solely for material transportation.
2.4.2.13 Do not use ratchets (of
types that lift or lower the platform when pawls are removed from the ratchet
gears) in cable reels (of cable hoists).
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2.4.2.15 Platforms must be fitted
with anti-dropping safety brakes to support the greatest load in case lifting
cables snap.
2.4.2.16 Hoist cages and platforms
must be fitted with locking mechanisms at each landing (for loading, unloading)
for the purpose of safety assurance.
2.4.2.17 Sides of the platform
that do not support loads must be fitted with toe guards and enclosed by mesh
of steel or other appropriate materials to prevent loads (materials, products) from
falling out.
2.4.2.18 In order to prevent
danger of falling objects, platforms must be enclosed.
2.4.2.19 If hoist counterweight is
combined from multiple blocks, these blocks must be designed in a way that they
can be secured to one another.
2.4.2.20 Counterweight of hoists
must move along masts.
2.4.2.21 Landings of hoists (where
loads are loaded, unloaded, lowered) must be fitted with appropriate work
platforms that meet safety assurance requirements.
2.4.2.22 The following information
must be displayed in visible locations with comprehensible writing:
a) On all types of hoist:
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NOTE: It is encouraged to convert
total load into number of pieces, packages, or containers in which materials
are commonly transported (for example: number of cement bags).
- On hoist engines: Unit of lifting load in kg or other
appropriate units of lifting load and allowable lifting, lowering load (safe
working load).
b) On hoists for human
transportation: The greatest number of passengers and total maximum load at any
time (safe working load);
c) On hoists for cargo
transportation: The phrase “Cấm sử dụng để vận chuyển người” (Not for human
transport) in accesses to hoists and landings (work platforms).
2.4.2.23 Hoists for human
transportation must be fitted with cages which are designed and installed in a
way that prevents humans and objects from falling outside of the cage.
2.4.2.24 Hoist cages must be
fitted with doors on all accessible sides. Doors of cages must be prevented
from opening when the cages are moving except for the case where the cages are
in loading, unloading positions. Cage doors must be closed before the cages
move.
2.4.2.25 Gates on accesses to
hoist shafts must be prevented from open when hoists are moving unless hoist
cages are in loading, unloading positions. These gates must be closed before
the cages move.
2.4.3 Derrick cranes
2.4.3.1 Derrick cranes must be built on
sturdy foundation (or supporting structures) that can withstand the greatest
load both in operation mode and non-operation modes.
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2.4.3.2 Equipment (or mechanisms) is
required to prevent guyed masts of derrick cranes from being removed from their
installation location.
2.4.3.3 Electric derricks must be safely
grounded as per the law.
2.4.3.4 Counterweights must be positioned in
a way that prevents the backlegs, base plates, and masts from deforming too
much.
2.4.3.5 In regard to derrick cranes mounted
on wheels:
a) Use solid bars to keep accurate
spacing between the wheels;
b) Install supporting (anchoring)
systems to prevent falling in case wheels are broken or masts are displaced
from their position.
2.4.3.6 Do not alter boom length without
written approval of manufacturers or suppliers.
NOTE: When altering boom length,
parameters relating to safe working load and corresponding working conditions
must be provided by manufacturers or suppliers in technical instructions. Carry
out examination, testing, and inspection as per the law before using derrick
cranes.
2.4.3.7 Booms of Scotch derrick must not
installed near backlegs.
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2.4.3.8.1 The anchoring of guy
wires must be secured by using loops or sills embedded in concrete platforms or
foundation or anchoring structures.
2.4.3.8.2 The top of masts of guy
derricks must be connected to 6 evenly spaced guy wires.
2.4.3.8.3 The angle created by guy
wires and horizontal plane must not be greater than 45 degrees.
2.4.3.8.4 Guy wires of guy derricks
must have their tension allowed to be adjusted by adjustable screws or
turnbuckles or other appropriate equipment.
2.4.3.8.5 Joints, rotating masts,
and sills must be maintained and lubricated with oil and grease on a regular
basis.
2.4.3.8.6 If guy derricks are not
in use, booms must be properly anchored to prevent from flailing.
2.4.4 Pulley pillars, pillar
complex, towers
2.4.4.1 Pulley pillars, pillar complex,
towers (hereinafter referred to as “lifting pillars”) must be:
a) Straight;
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c) Installed vertically or slightly
inclined towards the load and firmly anchored, held in place.
2.4.4.2 If lifting pillars are assembled
from multiple segments, segments and joints must be made from reliable
materials with sufficient load-bearing capacity.
2.4.4.3 The bottom of lifting pillars must
be supported and anchored in place so that the pillars are not displaced during
operation.
2.4.4.4 Once installation (or relocation) of
lifting pillars is complete, the entire lifting equipment must be re-examined
and tested with the greatest expected load before being put into use.
2.4.4.5 If lifting pillars are used to lift
and lower work platforms and large containers, adopt solutions for preventing
rotation, flip, and lowering load properly (for example: taglines).
2.4.5 Tower crane
2.4.5.1 In regard to tower cranes whose
cabins are at heights, operators of tower cranes must satisfy regulations under
2.4.1.11.1 and must have undergone training for working at heights.
2.4.5.2 The selection of tower cranes must
rely on technical properties of available types of tower cranes, operation
requirements, characteristics of the construction sites.
2.4.5.3 Wind effect must be taken into
account when tower cranes are under construction, operating, and not operating.
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2.4.5.5 Ensure a safety distance between
tower cranes and holes, rivers, and canals. Tower cranes mounted on rails are
only allowed on ramps with slope specified under manufacturers’ instructions.
NOTE: A safety distance means a
distance that ensures stability of foundation of tower cranes and must be
determined by calculation and experience in similar conditions. The surveying,
calculation, design, and construction of foundation, base of tower cranes shall
conform to 2.3 in case of temporary supporting structures.
2.4.5.6 Tower cranes must be built in open
space with sufficient area for installation, operation, and dismantlement.
NOTE: Tower cranes must be
positioned in a way that the working arms do not hover above buildings and
constructions in use, public roads, other constructions in progress, railways,
and power lines. If this requirement cannot be met, detail safety assurance
plans and solutions must be produced for all scenarios.
2.4.5.7 If tower cranes face risk of
collision in case of simultaneous operation, it is required that prior to
operation:
a) A means of direct communication
is required between tower cranes;
b) A warning system is installed in
cabin of each tower crane to inform each other about potential danger.
2.4.5.8 Tower crane installation and
dismantlement solutions, procedures must conform to manufacturers’
instructions. Tower
cranes must be inspected for safety before use.
2.4.5.9 The climbing of tower cranes must
comply with manufacturers’ instructions. Free standing height without lashing
of tower cranes must not exceed free standing height regulated by
manufacturers.
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2.4.5.11 An anemometer must be
installed at the highest position of tower crane and an interface displaying
wind speed must be positioned in the cabin.
2.4.5.12 Monitoring devices are
required to control safe working load corresponding to lifting radius. Do not mount signboard or
other wind-blocking objects on tower cranes if they do not meet manufacturers’
instructions.
2.4.5.13 Do not use tower cranes
for cases where working arms can sustain tremendous force such as magnet
lifting mechanism or steel balls for demolition or pile driving.
2.4.6 Lifting, lowering ropes
2.4.6.1 Ropes of lifting equipment must have
clear origin, quality, and meet task requirements.
2.4.6.2 Installation, maintenance,
examination, and testing of lifting, lowering ropes must be carried out in
accordance with manufactures’ instructions and regulations under 2.4.1.
2.4.6.3 Do not use repaired steel ropes for
lifting equipment.
2.4.6.4 If multiple independent cables and
ropes are used for lifting work platforms, each cable must be able to lift the
work platforms.
2.5 Construction machinery and
equipment for moving, lifting earth, materials, and road construction
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2.5.1.1 When using construction machinery
and equipment for moving, lifting earth, materials, and road construction,
safety assurance solutions must include:
a) Safety assurance when
construction machinery and equipment move, operate close to power lines;
NOTE: Safety assurance must conform
to QCVN 01:2020/BCT and other relevant technical law provisions.
b) Solutions for preventing
construction machinery and equipment from tipping over or overturning in areas
with dug holes, elevation change, or water.
2.5.1.2 Construction machinery and equipment
users, operators are only allowed to use, operate the type of construction
machinery and equipment that they have been trained for and must comply with
regulations of the law on traffic, working regulations promulgated by employers.
2.5.1.3 In regard to construction sites
where construction machinery and equipment are used:
a) Safe and convenient work area
accesses must be located;
b) Traffic in construction sites
must be coordinated and controlled for the purpose of safety assurance when
construction machinery and equipment move and operate in accordance with 2.1.2.
2.5.1.4 Erect warning signs or implement
appropriate control measures for the purpose of safety assurance when
construction machinery and equipment move, operate. Implement separate safety assurance
solutions for cases where construction machinery and equipment are in reverse.
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2.5.1.6 If operators must be positioned on
the construction machinery and equipment in order to operate them, additional
protective structures must be installed to protect operators in case these
machinery and equipment fall over or other objects fall into the cabins.
NOTE: Structures additionally fitted
on construction machinery and equipment must conform to (not violating
technical regulations) manufacturers' instructions and be designed, tested to
ensure that they are used for the right objectives and do not affect operation
of the machinery and equipment.
2.5.1.7 Construction machinery and equipment
are not allowed to traverse bridges, viaducts, embankments, or any other
existing structure if safety assurance of these structures is not guaranteed.
NOTE: In regard to existing
structures or other structures where information on allowable load is not
available, project developers and/or contractors are responsible for surveying
and carrying out load bearing safety assessment for these structures before
allowing construction machinery and equipment to traverse them.
2.5.1.8 Information panels on construction
machinery and equipment must specify:
a) Gross weight (when carrying
load);
b) Maximum axle load (downward load
on wheels or points of contact with the floor) and/or the greatest compression
on ground level in case of diggers, bulldozers, excavators, heavy-duty
vehicles, and other similar construction machinery and equipment;
b) Net weight (when not carrying
load).
2.5.1.9 Construction machinery and equipment
must be equipped with: Electric sound alarms and headlights for forward and
reverse gears, electric brakes (or air brakes, hydraulic brakes), hand brakes,
taillights, noise cancelling devices (noise cancelling exhausts of engines) and
turn signals such as lights and sirens.
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a) be designed and manufactured with
ergonomic principles in mind and be able to withstand extreme weather
conditions;
b) be fully enclosed to prevent
dust;
c) provide operators with clear and
unobstructed vision of operating areas;
d) be equipped with navigation
system and rear-view mirrors on both sides.
2.5.1.11 Distance from cabins of excavators
and digging surface must be maintained at at least 1,0 m.
2.5.1.12 If earthmoving machines
and equipment are moving or stop working, their joysticks must lean towards the
direction of motion, buckets must be raised and not contain any load (except
when moving downhill).
2.5.1.13 Engines, brake system,
steering wheels, chassis, blades, chains (tracks), towing ropes, pulleys,
hydraulic system, transmission system, bolts, and other components relating to
safety of the construction machinery and equipment must be inspected on a daily
basis and before every shift.
2.5.1.14 Construction machinery
and equipment must not be parked on ramps when their engines are still running.
2.5.1.15 Keep oil, grease, mud,
and other slippery substances away from floors and stairs of construction
machinery and equipment.
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2.5.1.17 Do not position and
operate bucket excavators on top of or at the feet of rock and earth bluffs
with slope larger than 60 degrees.
2.5.1.18 During examination or
maintenance or repair, implement safety assurance measures for working at
heights in accordance with 2.7 at positions that are 2,0 m or more in height
(for example: working arms) if safety assurance structures have not been
implemented on the examined, maintained, or repaired construction machinery and
equipment.
2.5.2 Excavator and digger
2.5.2.1 Brake pedals for all motions of
electric excavators must be fitted with 2 independent locking devices.
2.5.2.2 Excavators and diggers must be
equipped with emergency stop system which must be separate from control system
of the machinery.
2.5.2.3 Excavators and diggers equipped with
deep digging attachments must be designed or fitted with effective stopping
mechanism so as to maintain a minimum distance of 40 cm between bucket teeth
and joysticks.
2.5.2.4 Excavators and diggers design to
lift load using lifting mechanism (working arms) are required to have
information panels positioned in the cabins and on the joysticks. Words in the
information panels must be durable (cannot be erased), clear, and specific
pertaining to safe working load and safe working conditions when lifting load.
2.5.2.5 Excavators and diggers equipped (or
additionally fitted) with equipment so that they can operate as self-propelled
excavators must:
a) be examined, tested, or inspected
in accordance with regulations applicable to lifting equipment under 2.4.
before being allowed for use;
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c) ensure compatibility with
existing equipment and safe working capacity of additional attachments (if
any).
2.5.2.6 Excavators and diggers using
internal combustion engines must:
a) be grounded or protected against
static;
b) be equipped with fire
extinguishers.
2.5.2.7 Electric excavators and
diggers
2.5.2.7.1 Only competent
individuals are allowed to connect and disconnect excavators, diggers from
electrical wires powering such equipment.
NOTE: Competent individuals mean
users, operators, or managers of construction machinery and equipment or
electrical safety managers of contractors.
2.5.2.7.2 In regard to excavators
and diggers in use, electrical connection and relays of these equipment must be
examined on a daily basis and before each shift.
2.5.2.8 Operation of excavators and
diggers
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2.5.2.8.2 Buckets and grabs of
excavators, diggers must be prevented from falling, flipping, rotating, or
dangling unexpectedly while working.
2.5.2.8.3 Prior to exiting
excavators or diggers, users and operators thereof must:
a) release the clutch reasonably;
b) rest grabs or buckets on the
ground.
2.5.2.8.4 Buckets of excavators and
diggers must be prevented from drifting when they are being repaired or their
teeth are being replaced.
2.5.2.8.5 When excavators or
diggers are operating close to cliffs or walls (or constructions), measures for
preventing people from entering danger zones of the machinery must be
established (where they can get injured or die if the machinery falls over).
2.5.2.8.6 Trucks must not receive
load in areas where danger of falling objects is imminent. In case of force majeure,
no personnel are allowed to stay in the vehicles while receiving load.
2.5.2.8.7 Parked trucks must be at
least 60 cm away from any component of excavators and diggers (even when the
excavators and diggers fall over).
2.5.2.8.8 In regard to machines
that use hydraulic buckets, upon completion of the tasks, pistons must be
retracted into cylinders and if necessary, lower support bars to stabilize the
machine and its components.
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2.5.3.1 Prior to exiting bulldozers,
operators must:
a) apply brakes;
b) lower blades and rippers;
c) enter neutral gear.
2.5.3.2 When not being used, bulldozers must
be parked on flat ground or surfaces.
2.5.3.3 Operators must lower the blade of
bulldozers that are climbing slopes.
2.5.3.4 Blades of bulldozers must not be
used as brakes except for cases of emergency.
2.5.4 Graders
2.5.4.1 During operation, tractors (or
hauling vehicles) and scrapers (or grader blades) must be connected by safety
bars.
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2.5.4.3 When descending slopes, graders must
be in gear.
2.5.5 Asphalt and asphalt concrete
pavers
2.5.5.1 The front platforms of pavers must
be coated (or layered) with lumpy metal sheets to prevent slip.
2.5.5.2 Standing mixers must be fully
enclosed by wood or metal sheets with openings for observation, lubrication,
and maintenance.
2.5.5.3 Buckets, spreaders, funnels (for
laying, spreading) bitumen must be sufficiently enclosed for the purpose of
safety assurance.
2.5.5.4 Sprayers must be fitted with
fire-resistant-rated shields with openings for observation.
2.5.5.5 In order to prevent fire risks by
foaming:
a) Bitumen mixers must be fitted
with equipment for preventing foam from making contact with combustion
chambers; or
b) Only use non-foaming products.
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2.5.5.7 Equip sufficient number of fire
extinguishers no lower than 2 in proper operation condition at work areas.
2.5.5.8 Materials shall only be introduced
to the mixers when drying drums have been warmed up.
2.5.5.9 Do not use open flame for the
purpose of examining asphalt quantity in containers.
2.5.5.10 Do not use open flame for
the purpose of heating up diluents.
2.5.5.11 If fire of burner is
quenched:
a) Immediately shut fuel supply (of
combustion);
b) Combustion tubes must be carefully
ventilated by fans to prevent backfire.
2.5.5.12 Do not open inspection
gap in mixers if pressure in the mixers is greater than ambient pressure.
2.5.6 Road finishers
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2.5.7 Road rollers
2.5.7.1 Prior to compacting road surface
with road rollers, conduct examination of road bearing capacity of soil and
general safety, especially edges of slopes (for example: river banks,
embankments, cut and fill embankments)
2.5.7.2 When moving downhill, road rollers
must be in gears.
2.5.7.3 When road rollers are not being
used:
a) Brakes must be applied;
b) Engines must be in the lowest
gear if the road rollers are pointing uphill;
c) Engines must be in reverse if the
road rollers are pointing downhill;
d) Engines must be shut off
(including electrical switches and control);
dd) All wheels must be wedged.
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2.6.1 General provisions
2.6.1.1 Hand-operated equipment and other
machinery, equipment operated (controlled) manually or by other power sources
must conform to regulations under 2.1.1.5 and the following regulations:
a) They must be used and maintained
in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions for the purpose of safety
assurance for users. If equipment, tool, machinery must be used for purposes
other than their intended design, such use must be assessed and deemed safety
assurance by competent individuals;
NOTE: Competent individuals mean
construction machinery and equipment managers, safety managers of contractors
and/or representatives of manufacturers.
b) They must be used and operated by
employees who have received training for the right type of equipment and tools
assigned to them by employers;
c) They must be fitted with
protective, covering apparatus or other protective measures in accordance with
relevant National technical regulations.
2.6.1.2 Detail instruction panels pertaining
to safe use and operation that are simply presented and comprehensible to users
and operators must be placed in appropriate locations by employers or
manufacturers.
NOTE: Vietnamese instructions are
required.
2.6.1.3 Safety assurance measures include
detail procedures for safe operation and use for hand-operated equipment and
tools and other machinery, equipment on construction sites.
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2.6.1.5 Machinery, equipment, and tools when
not used must be cut off from power sources and must be isolated prior to
cleaning, maintenance, adjustment, or repair.
2.6.1.6 Extendable wires and tubes (for
example: electrical wires, gas tubes) must be kept as short as possible to
prevent all safety risks.
2.6.1.7 All moving parts that potentially
cause safety risks in machinery and equipment must be covered, enclosed, and
properly protected in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions and applied
standards.
2.6.1.8 Electric machinery and equipment
must be fitted with proper emergency stopping devices (or switches, breakers)
which are located in visible spots where users, operators can immediately turn
off machinery and equipment and prevent them from restarting.
2.6.1.9 All machinery and equipment must be
designed with or fitted with speed limiters to enforce the maximum speed limit.
If machinery
and equipment can change speed, only machinery and equipment which start from
the lowest speed are allowed.
2.6.1.10 Users and operators of
hand-operated equipment, tools, and other machinery, equipment must be provided
with appropriate PPE including ear-protection if they work with machines that
generate a lot of noise.
NOTE: PPE shall conform to
requirements under 2.19.
2.6.2 Hand-operated equipment and
tools
2.6.2.1 Hand-operated equipment and tools
and their attachments shall only be reinforced, disassembled, and repaired by
competent individuals.
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2.6.2.2 Blades of cutting tools and
equipment must be sharp.
2.6.2.3 When heads of hammer or slamming
tools crack or show signs of damage (for example: termites for wooden tools),
treat or grind all corners and sides with proper radius.
2.6.2.4 When unused or transported, sharp
and pointy equipment, tools must be wrapped by materials that cannot be
punctured or cut and placed in appropriate containers.
2.6.2.5 Only insulated (or non-conductive)
hand-operated equipment and tools are allowed close to or in areas where active
electric appliances are operating.
2.6.2.6 Only non-sparking hand-operated
equipment and tools are allowed close to or in areas where flammable materials,
other flammable or explosive vapour or gas is present.
2.6.3 Hand-operated pneumatic
equipment and tools
2.6.3.1 Start button (trigger) of pneumatic
hand-operated equipment and tools must:
a) be positioned in appropriate
location to prevent accidental activation by collision;
b) be fitted in a manner that gas
valve closes automatically as soon as the operator releases the trigger.
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a) be designed and used with design
pressure and purpose;
b) be tightened on the outlet side
and accompanied by washers (if necessary).
2.6.3.3 Pneumatic hammers and pneumatic guns
must be fitted with bit protection (or containment spaces if necessary) to
prevent items (nails, screws, bolts, rivets, debris) from falling when the
equipment is operating.
2.6.3.4 Prior to calibrating or repairing
pneumatic equipment and tools, disconnect the equipment and tools from
compressed air sources and release all pressure in compressed air pipes.
2.6.4 Hand-operated nail gun
2.6.4.1 Only nail guns operated by explosive
force with low free speed, unless otherwise required due to technical reasons.
2.6.4.2 Nail guns (or nailers) must have:
a) Protective sheets or covers which
cannot be removed when the nailers are operating; and
b) A mechanism which prevents
accidental activation of the nailers due to falling or during loading; and
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d) A mechanism which prevents the
nailers to fire if the nose is not pressed against the work surface with enough
force.
2.6.4.3 Recoil of nailers must be low enough
to prevent injuries for operators.
2.6.4.4 Noise of nailers must be within
permissible limit so as to not injure operators’ hearing ability.
2.6.4.5 Nailers must be inspected before use
to ensure that:
a) All safety assurance components
are in good conditions;
b) The nailers are clean, in good
operating conditions; all moving parts do so with ease and the nose is not
jammed.
2.6.4.6 Nailers must be completely
disassembled on a periodic basis (in accordance with manufacturers’
instructions) to allow inspection of damage and wear of safety equipment and
features.
NOTE: Competent individuals mean
technicians of manufacturers, users of equipment and tools (for appropriate
tasks) or repairmen of mechanical equipment and tools of contractors.
2.6.4.7 Nailers shall only be repaired by
competent individuals specified under 2.6.4.6.
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a) Environment factors or other
factors can actuate the nailers;
b) Flammable or explosive gas is
present.
2.6.4.9 When not being used, nailers must be
placed in appropriate containers. Such containers must:
a) be made from appropriate
materials for protection and safety assurance;
b) be marked and contain a list of
items inside;
c) be locked when unused;
d) not contain items other than
nailers and boxes of nails, screws.
2.6.4.10 Do not store or transport
nailers that have been loaded or are containing nails.
2.6.4.11 Nailers must be
maintained and used in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions and shall
only be used by employees who have received training for using nailers safely.
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2.6.5.1 Electrical hand-operated or moveable
equipment and tools must use low-voltage electricity.
2.6.5.2 Electrical equipment and tools must
be grounded unless otherwise specified by manufacturers’ instructions. Ground wires must be
protected by covers or metal box to prevent damage to sections where the wires
connect to the equipment and tools.
2.6.5.3 Electrical equipment and tools must
be inspected and maintained on a regular basis by electricians or electrical
safety managers of contractors. Record of inspection and maintenance must be stored.
2.6.6 Woodworking machine
2.6.6.1 Do not collect debris, shavings, sawdust, and
other items produced by active woodworking machines by hands, even those close
to the machines.
2.6.6.2 If shaving, sawdust covering and
collector system is installed, the system must be operational.
2.6.6.3 For the purpose of reducing risk of
safety loss, mechanical feeders are recommended.
2.6.6.4 Cutting blades and saw blades must
be wrapped and covered as much as possible.
2.6.6.5 Circular saws must have durable,
firm, adjustable housing for saw blades and riving knives and be designed for
the saw blades in use. Throat plate clearance must be as low as possible.
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2.6.6.7 Saw blades of band saws (other than
the moving blades) must be covered completely. Wheels of band saws must be
completely enclosed by durable and hard cover.
2.6.6.8 Band saws (of cutting chain) must be
fitted with auto tensioning feature.
2.6.6.9 Wood jointers must be fitted with
fences which can cover the length and width of work pieces and can be easily
adjusted vertically and horizontally.
2.6.6.10 Thickness planers must be
fitted with roller-type feeders or anti-kickback devices in order to allow them
to be as free as possible.
2.6.6.11 Woodworking machines must
be provided with sufficient clearance to avoid injuries when processing,
handling large work pieces.
2.6.7 Engine
2.6.7.1 Engines must:
a) be manufactured and installed in
a manner so that they can start safely and are unable to exceed the speed
limit;
b) be fitted with control units
which can limit speed when necessary;
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2.6.7.2 Internal combustion engines are not
allowed for prolonged use in confined spaces unless ventilation and emission
extraction are properly implemented to protect employees.
2.6.7.3 When internal combustion engines are
being refueled:
a) Starting system must be shut off;
b) Fuel must be prevented from
falling over or spilling out of containers;
c) Do not smoke or introduce open
flame in the vicinity;
d) Operational fire extinguishers
are required.
2.6.7.4 Reserve fuel containers are required
outside of engine rooms.
2.6.8 Construction silos
2.6.8.1 Silos must:
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b) be able to withstand different
types of load; load bearing components of silos such as shells, floors, or
bottom, and other load bearing components do not deform (or crack) more than
what is regulated by standards applicable to silo design and/or silo properties
(regulated by designers or users of silos).
2.6.8.2 Fixed stairs or ladders or hoists
are required to allow employees to access the inside and outside of silos when
needed.
2.6.8.3 Equipment determining quantity of
materials in the silos is required so that entering the silos for such purpose
is not required.
2.6.8.4 Display the following information
clearly on the silos:
a) Regulations and specific
requirements on silo filling;
b) Danger warning pertaining to
grain entrapment in case of silos containing granular materials.
2.6.8.5 Install stirrers, air compressors,
or other mechanical equipment in silos containing materials that can jam (for
example: materials that can change from powder to clump). In order to deal with
blockage, prepare necessary equipment such as rods, bars (for stirring,
poking), hammers (for chiseling, demolishing) or digging tools.
2.6.8.6 Firefighting equipment is required
for silos containing spontaneously combustible materials.
2.6.8.7 In case of silos whose contents can
form explosive gas or vapour mixtures, the following requirements must be
complied with:
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b) Only non-sparking equipment and
tools are allowed;
c) Vents are required on the shells
of the silos.
2.6.8.8 Silo entrance must be fully enclosed
and protected by doors and locks.
2.6.8.9 Restrict human access to silos,
except when:
a) Outlets are closed, inlets are
closed, and material filling has been suspended;
b) Employees are assigned task which
require them to enter the silos;
c) Persons entering silos are
wearing lanyard and lifeline firmly connected to a stationary objects with
sufficient load-bearing capacity for the purpose of safety assurance;
d) Persons entering silos are
accompanied by other persons for constant supervision and appropriate rescue
equipment.
2.6.9 Concreting construction
machinery and equipment
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2.6.9.2 In regard to large outlets or gutters
or drums of concrete mixers using mixing blades, grating steel mesh is required
to prevent human from falling inside.
2.6.9.3 In addition to braking mechanism to
stop mixing, an equipment to stabilize mixing drums of the concrete mixers (or
concrete plants) when lifted.
2.6.9.4 Before cleaning mixing drums of
concrete mixers (or concrete plants), lock the outlets, disconnect from
electricity, and atop all preventive measures for safety assurance of employees
inside the mixing drums.
2.6.9.5 When using buckets (or hoppers) to
pour concrete using cranes or overhead cables, the buckets must be stored away
from objects surrounding the pouring sites (for example: security posts, other
equipment in construction sites or houses closes to construction sites) to
prevent falling risks of buckets or concrete.
2.6.9.6 Buckets (hoppers) containing
concrete must be transported to pouring sites using appropriate measures.
2.6.9.7 Buckets (hoppers) suspended and
transported by cranes and overhead cables must be held by hooks with safety
latches (compliant with regulations on lifting accessories).
2.6.9.8 When concrete is poured out of buckets
(hoppers), employees must stand outside of swaying radius of the buckets (hoppers).
2.6.9.9 Concrete silos, booms, or belt conveyors
must:
a) be assembled by competent
individuals;
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b) be inspected on a daily basis and
before each shift and verified for safety assurance for operation by managers
of construction machinery and equipment of contractors, concrete manufacturers
(suppliers).
2.6.9.10 Cable reels (or cranes)
for lifting (or pulling) buckets (or hoppers) must be positioned in a manner
that their operators can clearly observe the entire concrete pouring stages
(pouring into buckets, lifting, unloading concrete, and lowering buckets). When operators of cable
reels (or cranes) are unable to observe any of the stages mentioned above, a
coordinator is required.
2.6.9.11 If operators of cable
reels (or cranes) and coordinators cannot observe the buckets (or hoppers),
devices (or equipment) signaling position of the buckets (or hoppers) are
required.
2.6.9.12 Masts of containers in
concrete plants must be accurate and maintained in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions to prevent the containers from jamming in concrete
plants.
2.6.9.13 Scaffolds supporting
concrete chutes must be able to support the chutes when completely filled with
concrete and all employees on the scaffolds, and have minimum safety factor of
4.
NOTE: See 2.2 for scaffold
requirements.
2.6.9.14 Concrete chutes must:
a) be firmly anchored and lashed on
both ends and in corners;
b) be equipped with gas exhaust
valves close to both ends;
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2.6.10 Compression station, machine,
equipment
2.6.10.1 Compression stations,
machines, equipment, and attachments thereof must be examined, tested, and/or
inspected for safety in accordance with QCVN 01:2008/BLDTBXH.
2.6.10.2 Only employees who are
assigned and conform to the QCVN 01:2008/BLDTBXH are allowed to operate steam boilers
and pressure vessels.
2.6.10.3 Air compressors must:
a) be equipped with automatic
devices that prevent pressure from exceeding the maximum set pressure;
b) be equipped with quick exhaust
valve;
c) be arranged and positioned in
proper locations to prevent pollution of attended places and confined spaces.
2.6.10.4 Air compressors where
explosive gas mixtures can form must be provided with non-sparking protection.
2.6.10.5 Water cooling devices
serving cylinders of air compressors must allow observation of the water flow
inside.
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2.6.10.7 Exhaust pipes of machines
that generate high heat during operation must be equipped with:
a) Fusible plug;
b) Insulation cover to protect users
and prevent fire.
2.6.10.8 If there are explosion or
toxic risk due to vapour containing oil in the air, oil separators are required
between air compressors and air receiver.
2.6.10.9 Shut off valves fitted in
exhaust pipes must comply with the following requirements:
a) The valves are located in areas
that facilitate inspection and cleaning;
b) At least one safety valve is
required between air compressors and shut off valves.
2.6.10.10 Working parts, including
speed control units, safety valves, and oil separators must be examined,
cleaned, and maintained in accordance with manufacturers' instructions.
2.6.10.11 Air receivers must:
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b) be fitted with appropriate
openings for inspection and cleaning;
c) be examined, maintained, and
tested in appropriate frequency and in accordance with manufacturers’
instructions.
2.6.10.12 Safe working pressure
must be color-coded on pressure gauges.
2.6.10.13 When necessary or for the
purpose of preventing danger, pressure-reducing valve and/or shut off valves must be
installed on pipes connecting air receivers and air compressors.
2.6.10.14 A shut off valve is
required between air receiver and each equipment using compressed air.
2.6.10.15 Cylinders containing
compressed air (including dissolved air or liquefied air) must be manufactured
using appropriate materials, fitted with proper safety devices, examined,
tested and/or inspected, stored, transported, and used as per the law.
2.6.11 Belt conveyors, screw
conveyors
2.6.11.1 Belt conveyors and
conveyor screws must be manufactured and installed to avoid collision between
stationary parts and moving parts or between objects.
2.6.11.2 If belt conveyors
crossing areas where people work or move below are not completely covered, catch
platforms (or safety nets) must be installed to prevent falling hazards. In addition, barriers
preventing trespassing must be installed in appropriate locations, where belt
conveyors change direction or at transfer stations. Emergency stop devices and
switches of belt conveyors must be positioned in convenient spots so that
operators (or persons assigned to supervise the operation) can access easily
and rapidly.
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NOTE: For the purpose of preventing
danger, emergency stop devices are recommended.
2.6.11.4 In case multiple belt conveyors
and screw conveyors operate simultaneously, control units must be designed in a
way where if a belt conveyor or screw conveyor stops working, the other belt
conveyors and screw conveyors cannot transfer load onto that belt conveyor or
screw conveyor.
2.6.11.5 Screw conveyors must be
fully enclosed by cover. Do not remove the cover as long as the screw conveyors
have not stopped working and engine has not been shut off.
2.6.11.6 When a belt conveyor or
screw conveyor is loading a container or hopper, equipment preventing
overloading is required.
2.6.12 Material crushing and
screening stations, machines
2.6.12.1 Crushing and screening
stations, machines must be located away from construction sites for the purpose
of ensuring safety assurance, preventing injuries and health problems of
employees (caused by dust, noise, vibration, and other harmful factors).
NOTE: See 2.18 for regulations on
safety assurance for dust, noise, vibration, and other factors.
2.6.12.2 Crushing stations and
machines must be equipped with overload protection and circuit breakers that
are separate from crushing parts in visible locations in order to prevent
unexpected activation during repair or maintenance of the machinery.
2.6.12.3 Electric motors,
switches, connectors, and other electrical equipment must be protected against
dust and humidity.
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2.6.12.5 Access to feeding hoppers
of crushing machines and screening mesh must be cleaned by water or other
appropriate methods.
2.6.12.6 Electrical wires must be
placed beneath ground level or at height satisfactory to electricity safety
assurance, color-coded with bright, visible colors, and durable.
2.6.12.7 Earthmoving equipment
used at crushing stations must be cleaned and maintained after every shift.
2.6.13 Generator
2.6.13.1 Generators must conform
to electricity laws and QCVN 01:2020/BCT for the purpose of safe and reliable
operation.
NOTE: See 2.16 for detail
regulations on electricity safety assurance.
2.6.13.2 Nameplate capacity of
generators must not be lower than the greatest expected consumption.
2.6.13.3 Generators must be placed
in completely enclosed areas, properly ventilated, and protected against
trespassing.
2.6.13.4 Generators must be
provided with overload protection and separate circuit breakers to prevent
remote or unexpected activation during maintenance.
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NOTE: Exhaust pipes must be
installed at reasonable locations with reasonable height to expel emission and
prevent emission from being flown back at employees by wind.
2.6.13.6 If generators are located
close to accommodations of employees or occupied existing structures, the
generators must be placed in sturdy rooms (chambers) or separate areas
compliant with environmental protection laws, occupational hygiene and safety
laws, and electricity laws.
NOTE 1: See 2.18 for regulations on
harmful environment factors (dust, noise, vibration, and other factors).
NOTE 2: See 2.16 for regulations on
electricity safety assurance.
2.7 Working at height
2.7.1 General provisions
2.7.1.1 For the purpose of preventing
danger, employers must devise plans and implement safety assurance solutions to
prevent falling; first aid and emergency medical care for the following cases:
a) Working at height: When employees
work inside, outside, on top of the constructions or in other work areas where
they are positioned at a height of 2,0 m or more (from the sole of a standing
employee’s feet) from the platform below such as the ground, the floor,
structures, bottom of pits, and other surfaces;
b) Working on roofs and pitched
roofs (greater than 10 degrees of slope).
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2.7.1.3 Scaffolds, ladders, ramps, or other
safe means are required in work areas mentioned under 2.7.1.1 to allow
employees to move safely.
2.7.1.4 If guardrails cannot be installed,
employees working at height (even at a height below 2,0 m without other
protective measures) must be properly protected by safety nets, catch platforms
or provided with work platforms or lanyards and lifelines both of which must be
properly secured.
NOTE: See 2.2 and other relevant
sections of this document for specific regulations on scaffolds, ladders, and
other safety assurance measures for employees (for example: construction and
assembly of structures, formworks, and concrete pouring are specified under
2.10 and 2.11).
2.7.1.5 Employees working at height and
working on the roof must be trained and equipped with protective equipment,
falling protection in accordance with 2.19 and QCVN 23:2014/BLDTBXH. Employers must
provide proper protective equipment, adopt safety assurance measures in
accordance with 2.7.2 and 2.7.3, and examine, monitor employees’ health
(physical and mental health) before and during work.
2.7.2 Working on roof
2.7.2.1 All work on roofs must be planned in
advance and closely examined, supervised.
2.7.2.2 Crawling boards serving movement of
employees must be firmly fastened and anchored into roof structures.
2.7.3.3 Roofing brackets for placing of
boards serving movement of employees must have the same slope as that of the
roof and must be firmly supported, anchored into roof structures.
2.7.2.4 Guardrails on the edges of the roofs
must have at least one middle bar (to protect employees while crouching or
kneeling) unless other safety assurance measures have been implemented (for
example: lanyards).
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2.7.2.6 Boards for covering and concealing
roof openings must be firm and installed at the openings.
2.7.2.7 In regard to pitched roofs, appropriate
crawling boards and/or roof ladders must be installed on the roof to prevent
slip. Crawling
boards and roof ladders must be firmed anchored into roof structures.
2.7.2.8 While performing roof works, keep
examining guardrails and toeboards to keep them in firm conditions.
2.7.2.9 When employees are working on roofs
made of fragile materials (such as: glass, tiles, etc.), install walkways on
roof surfaces (such as ladders or crawling boards over firm supports) to allow
employees to tile roof and move safely.
2.7.2.10 At least 2 crawling
boards are required so that employees are not required to stand on the roofs
made of fragile materials to move crawling boards (or roof ladders) or for any
other reason.
2.7.2.11 In regard to areas where
roof tiles made of fragile materials will be installed, appropriate safety
assurance measures are required such as supporting steel mesh (or catch
platforms) before tiling the roofs depending on roof conditions.
2.7.2.12 Struts or other
intermediate supporting structures of roof tiles of fragile materials must be
designed and installed in a way where the risk of roof tiles dropping is
minimized.
2.7.2.13 In regard to rain gutters
which are made of fragile materials and allow people to walk on them, fall
prevention measures must be installed below the gutters and must be at least
1,0 m wider than the gutters towards both sides.
2.7.2.14 Warning signs for fragile
roof sections must be erected on walkways and areas leading to the roof.
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2.7.3.1 When installing, repairing, and
maintaining tall structures, scaffoldings appropriate to the nature of the
structures and safety nets below are required if specialized safety assurance
equipment and devices are not available.
NOTE: Tall structures include
structures similar to pillars, columns, and towers such as piles of suspension
bridges, telecommunication towers, utility poles, tall chimneys, monuments,
advertising panels, similar structures, façade of buildings, monuments, silos,
large dams, and other structures.
2.7.3.2 The topmost work platforms of
scaffolds must be at least 65 cm below the top of the structures.
2.7.3.3 Scaffolds and catch platforms below
which are attended by working employees must be unattended and unoccupied to
prevent falling hazards.
2.7.3.4 The gap between scaffolds and
structures must not exceed 20 cm.
2.7.3.5 Catch platforms must be installed
above:
a) Accesses to tall structures;
b) Walkways and work areas of
employees to prevent falling hazards.
2.7.3.6 In order to assist ascension and
descent of tall structures, the following equipment is required:
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b) Steps of steel ladders must be
firmly anchored into surface or wall of the structures;
c) Other appropriate equipment.
2.7.3.7 When climbing steel ladders on the
exterior of tall structures, employees are required to use lanyard with core of
steel. Lanyard
must be tied on the free end (where it is connected to safety harness of
employees) and lowered by at least 3 m (from the anchorage).
2.7.3.8 When employees are working on
separate tall structures, danger zones must be established and controlled by no-trespassing
barriers to create safe zones for outsiders in accordance with 2.1.1.2.
2.7.3.9 Employees carrying out construction,
maintenance, or repair task on tall structures are not allowed to:
a) work outdoors without wearing
lanyards and lifeline attached to ladders (anchored into the tall structures)
or loops, anchorage of tall structures;
b) place tools between lanyards and
body or in pockets of protective suits that are not designed to hold tools;
c) pull, drag, or carry heavy
materials or equipment up, down, or out of work areas on tall structures;
d) fasten or anchor pulleys or
scaffolds into additional anchorage loops (which are attached to the exterior
of tall buildings) without examining and testing load bearing capacity and
firmness of these loops in advance;
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e) scale tall structures without
safety assurance equipment stated under 2.7.3.6;
g) work on active tall structures
(for example: chimneys that are working), unless safety assurance measures have
been implemented.
2.8 Implementing earthwork and
constructing underground structures
2.8.1 General provisions
2.8.1.1 Prior to implementing earthwork and
tasks relating to soil, rock, caissons, tunnels, and other underground
structures (hereinafter referred to as “implementing earthwork and constructing
underground structures”), the following measures must be implemented to prevent
dangerous factors:
a) Temporary support or other
appropriate measures to prevent soil, rocks, and other materials from sliding,
falling;
NOTE: See 2.3 for regulations on
temporary supporting structures.
b) Fall prevention measures;
measures for preventing danger caused by mud, soil, rock, or water entering dug
holes, caissons, and construction sites in underground structures, tunnels;
NOTE: See 2.1.5, 2.2, 2.7, and
relevant sections of this document for regulations on fall prevention.
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NOTE: Requirements pertaining to air
quality, environment, and ventilation shall conform to QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN
06:2009/BTNMT, QCVN 02:2019/BYT, QCVN 26:2016/BYT, QCVN 34:2018/BLDTBXH, and
this document.
d) Evacuation and rescue measures
for employees in case of fire, explosion, inundation, or being buried by
collapsing materials or collapsing structures;
NOTE: Requirements pertaining to
safety assurance of fire, explosion, and rescue shall conform to QCVN
01:2011/BCT, QCVN 04:2017/BCT, QCVN 01:2018/BCT, QCVN 03:2019/BCT, QCVN
07:2020/BCT, and this document.
dd) Thorough surveying to examine
the presence of water pockets, air pockets, and groundwater and implement
appropriate preventive measures.
2.8.1.2 In regard to temporary supporting
structures serving earthwork and construction of underground structures: The
construction, assembly, replacement, or dismantlement must be accompanied by
supervision and approval of competent individuals in accordance with 2.3.
2.8.1.3 Attended areas in locations of
earthworks and construction of underground structures must be examined and
supervised by competent individuals on a regular basis. supervision results
must be recorded. Employees are not allowed to work alone unless they are supervised by
competent individuals.
NOTE: Competent individuals include
construction site managers, persons assigned with the management of
construction, safety, construction machinery and equipment, technical systems
(for example: electricity, water, ventilation, fire prevention and
firefighting) of the contractors; construction and safety supervisors of
project developers (or EPC general contractors).
2.8.1.4 Employees assigned with tasks
relating to earthwork and construction of underground structures must perform
their assigned task and use PPE in accordance with 2.19 and QCVN 23:2014/BLDTBXH.
2.8.1.5 Employers are responsible for:
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b) providing specific instructions
and ensuring that employees understand the assigned tasks before working;
supervising the compliance with instructions of employees.
2.8.1.6 Temporary supporting structures,
scaffolds, materials, products, tools, equipment, construction machinery and
equipment, and other equipment must be examined, maintained, tested, inspected,
and used in accordance with 2.1.1.5 and regulations relating to specific
subject under this document.
2.8.1.7 Tasks that involve working in
compressed air environment must conform to 2.9.
2.8.1.8 Tasks that involve the use of explosive
substances must conform to 2.8.5, 2.8.6, and 2.17.
2.8.1.9 Tasks shall only be carried out when
competent individuals have examined and verified safety assurance.
NOTE: See 2.1.1.2 and 2.8.1.1 for examination
requirements.
NOTE 2: See 2.8.1.3 for competent
individuals.
2.8.2 Earthwork
2.8.2.1 Prior to implementing earthwork at
construction sites:
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NOTE: Construction solutions,
solutions for handling incidents, and rescue solutions must be produced by
contractors and examined, approved in accordance with construction laws and
other field-specific laws.
b) Stability of the soil must be
assessed and verified by competent individuals;
NOTE 1: Stability of the soil shall
be assessed in accordance with criteria under technical instructions of the
design and/or standards applied to the projects.
NOTE 2: Competent individuals
include construction managers of contractors and construction supervisors of
project developers (or EPC general contractors) and designers or designing
contractors (if actual geographic or overall conditions differ from initial
proposition of the design).
c) Competent individuals (see Point
b of 2.8.2.1) must examine to ensure that earthwork does not affect structures,
infrastructure systems, and traffic roads in construction sites and adjacent
areas;
d) Project developers and employers
must determine specific location of infrastructure systems that can cause
damage during construction such as sewers, combustible gas pipes, water pipes,
electrical wires, and other underground systems;
dd) Combustible gas, water,
electricity, or other relevant utilities must be disconnected or suspended for
the purpose of preventing danger during construction;
e) If underground pipes, electrical
wires, and other underground systems cannot be relocated or disconnected, they
must be fenced off or placed overhead and properly warned or protected by
physical barriers for safety assurance;
g) Location of temporary bridges,
roads, and soil, waste mass must be determined;
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i) Employers must examine and
confirm that construction sites are not contaminated by toxic gases, chemical
substances, or refuse that can pose a risk to health (see 2.18);
k) The digging of soil and rocks in
tunnels, underground passages, and other underground structures must conform to
2.8.3.
2.8.2.2 Surfaces of dug holes must be
thoroughly examined:
a) On a daily basis, before each
shift and whenever the task is suspended for longer than 24 hours;
b) After blasting;
c) After soil and rocks unexpectedly
slide or sink;
d) After temporary supporting
structures are damaged or overly deform;
dd) After heavy rain, flood,
inundation, mist, or snow;
e) Upon encountering large rocks
while digging.
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2.8.2.4 Obstacles (for example: concrete
blocks) and/or appropriate barriers must be placed to prevent objects from
falling into dug holes. Large construction machinery, equipment, and vehicles are
not allowed to park close to dug holes unless the design of support provided
for dug holes has taken this situation into account.
2.8.2.5 If signs of safety loss are found in
attended structures above during earthwork, immediately take necessary actions
to ensure safety assurance.
NOTE: Structures adjacent to or on
top of dug holes must be monitored and surveyed on a regular basis for the
purpose of safety.
2.8.2.6 Displacement of soil and rocks on
the walls of dug holes (where employees are directly exposed to danger) must be
controlled and ensured for the purpose of safety assurance such as forming into
a slope, using temporary supporting structures, employing mobile covering
structures, or implementing other necessary solutions depending on
characteristics and conditions of nearby soil and rocks.
2.8.2.7 Temporary supporting structures must
be regularly examined in accordance with 2.3 and measures must be taken to
ensure that standards, wedges, and other parts are fixed in place, are not
displaced, are not overly deformed, or lose stability.
2.8.2.8 During the depositing of soil and
rocks, if signs of safety loss are found in supporting structures of deposited
soil and rocks, immediately take necessary solutions for the purpose of safety
assurance; regularly monitor surface of deposited soil and rock to identify
risk of depression and take appropriate safety assurance solutions,
particularly the risk of construction machinery and equipment tilting,
collapsing while working.
2.8.2.9 Wooden structures must be regularly
examined and protected from termites, decay, dam, or deformation.
2.8.3 Construction of underground
structures
2.8.3.1 General provisions
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NOTE: Safety assurance plans and
solutions must be devised for people and structures; rescue and evacuation
solutions must be ready in case of fire, flood, inundation, landslide, and soil
instability and conform to construction plans and solutions of contractors.
2.8.3.1.2 Employers must inspect
safety assurance conditions of areas where employees work on underground
structures before, after, and at least once during each shift.
NOTE: Safety assurance solutions
devised by contractors must specify inspected entities and inspection contents;
especially safety assurance pertaining to fire, explosion, ventilation, air
quality, electricity, lighting, and means of egress.
2.8.3.1.3 Areas attended by only
one employee at a time must be examine at least twice per shift.
2.8.3.1.4 Carry out overall
inspection of construction machinery, equipment, structures of current
buildings under construction and adjacent buildings, temporary supporting
structures (of constructions and equipment), scaffolds, work area accesses,
evacuation solutions and means of egress, storage, medical utilities, work
areas, cleaning areas, ventilation system, fire prevention and firefighting,
other relevant system and equipment at least once per week for the purpose of
safety assurance. Inspection results must be recorded in writing and verified by competent
individuals.
NOTE: Competent individuals include
site managers and chief supervisors of project developers (or EPC general
contractors).
2.8.3.1.5 Employees working in
underground structures must abandon work areas when:
a) Ventilation system is damaged;
b) Other threats to safety are
present.
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2.8.3.1.6 Employers must establish
and maintain effective and continuous communication system from areas close to
work areas of employees in underground structures (including from the deepest
areas) to surface.
2.8.3.1.7 When working on
underground constructions where fire and explosion risks are present due to
flammable gases (for example: methane), safety assurance tasks must conform to
regulations and law and technical regulations on safety in mining operations.
NOTE National technical regulations
on mines and coal mines include QCVN 01:2011/BCT, QCVN 04:2017/BCT, QCVN
01:2018/BCT, QCVN 03:2019/BCT, QCVN 07:2020/BCT, and other relevant standards
(if any).
2.8.3.1.8 Air in underground
construction sites must be regularly monitored and examined, and appropriate
safety assurance solutions must be implemented (see 2.8.3.3).
2.8.3.1.9 Exit accesses must be
indicated by signs and symbols which are visible in poor lighting conditions.
2.8.3.2 Shaft construction
2.8.3.2.1 Shafts that are not
contained in hard rocks must be encased (supported along circumference of the shaft)
or protected by other safety assurance solutions.
2.8.3.2.2 The dismantlement of
support of shaft bottom must be done in a gradual manner depending on sinking
rate.
2.8..3.2.3 Scaffolds, work platforms,
or suspended platforms are required to allow employees to work safely inside
shafts (see 2.2.1.1).
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2.8.3.2.5 Shafts deeper than 30 m
must be fitted with bracing or reinforcement rings (usually in form of steel
structures) at the top of the shafts which can withstand the highest calculated
load throughout construction process.
2.8.3.2.6 Steel bracing or
reinforcement rings must be grounded for lightning protection. Wooden bracing or
reinforcement rings must be provided with fire protection.
2.8.3.2.7 People descending shafts
or transporting small items (or equipment, tools) down shafts must go through
gates (or doors) located on the side of the shafts. Gates and doors must be at least 2,0
m in height.
2.8.3.2.8 Warning signals must be
sent to operators of lifting equipment (such as: cranes) when loads (materials,
equipment) can move out of safety limits.
NOTE: Safety assurance requirements
pertaining to the use of lifting equipment under this section and sections
hereunder shall be implemented together with those under 2.4.
2.8.3.2.9 Communication codes must
be displayed in physical form in rooms or cabins where lifting equipment is
operated and at every load lifting, lowering positions.
2.8.3.2.10 Winch-operated cranes
must be equipped with:
a) Brakes that automatically stop
and hold loads when power supply to cranes is lost;
b) Accurate depth gauge system.
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2.8.3.2.12 Human transportation
devices are required for shafts deeper than 30 m.
NOTE: Devices for transporting
humans such as hoists or other lifting equipment must be inspected for safety
and conform to 2.4, 2.1.1.4, and national technical regulations relating to the
type of equipment involved.
2.8.3.2.13 Cages or cars for
transporting humans must be equipped with braking devices or brakes to
automatically hold the cages or cars (with sufficient loads) if the cables snap
or are slack.
2.8.3.2.14 Appropriate equipment for
holding cages or cars at lifting, lowering positions is required.
2.8.3.2.15 Shafts where humans are
transported in containers must satisfy the following requirements:
a) There are no objects or features
protruding from the exterior of the containers in a way that can cause the
containers to jam;
b) The containers must be at least
1,1 m in depth;
c) The containers must be fitted
with features or equipment which prevents the containers from unexpectedly
tilt, rotate, or flip;
d) The containers must not open by
itself.
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a) The maximum speed at which human
transportation is being conducted;
b) Maximum number of people or maximum
load for safety assurance of each ride.
2.8.3.2.17 All lifting and lowering
activities in shafts must be coordinated using appropriate signals.
2.8.3.2.18 Install 2 separate
communication system (digital signals or other kind) before commencing tunnel
construction from the shafts.
2.8.3.3 Ventilation
2.8.3.3.1 Ventilation in
underground structures shall conform to TCVN 6780-3:2009 (or relevant applied
standards) and regulations below.
2.8.3.3.2 Air in underground
construction sites must be circulated to satisfy TCVN 6780-3:2009, in particular:
a) Temperature must not be too high;
b) The content of harmful dust,
vapour, smoke, and gas must be reduced to keep air quality at safe level;
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2.8.3.3.3 Backup air supply plans
are required in underground construction sites.
2.8.3.3.4 In tunnels and areas
following a session of blasting:
a) Mechanical ventilation must be
implemented to provide sufficient air to the surface;
b) Ventilation must be implemented
immediately following a session of blasting to eliminate harmful gas and dust;
additional solution such as watering or humidifying;
c) If necessary, additional
ventilation equipment must be installed to effectively remove harmful gas and
dust.
2.8.3.3.5 Employees must be
provided with backup air supply (such as: personal breathing apparatus) to
prepare for an emergency (either structural or technical) which leads to the
unavailability of ventilation.
2.8.3.4 Fire prevention and
firefighting
2.8.3.4.1 Fire prevention and
firefighting in underground structures must conform to 2.18, National technical
regulations, and other fire prevention and firefighting laws.
NOTE: National technical regulations
pertaining to fire prevention and firefighting include QCVN 01:2011/BCT, QCVN
04:2017/BCT, QCVN 01:2018/BCT, QCVN 03:2019/BCT, and QCVN 07:2020/BCT.
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2.8.3.4.3 Do not store flammable
materials and substances at underground construction sites unless these
materials and substances are stored in dedicated storage which satisfies fire
safety regulations.
2.8.3.4.4 Lubricating oil and
grease, rags, and other similar flammable, explosive materials and substances
when used for construction machinery and equipment must be contained in tight
metal containers and at a safe distance in case of caissons, lifting equipment,
explosive ordnance, and wood materials.
2.8.3.4.5 Do not use open flame at
underground construction sites unless there are no fire and explosion risks.
2.8.3.4.6 Do not use
gasoline-powered construction machinery and equipment for underground
construction unless approved by competent fire prevention and firefighting
authorities.
2.8.3.4.7 When welding or cutting
with heat (fire) in underground construction, ensure the followings:
a) Structures and temporary
supporting structures of wood or other flammable materials must be coated with
fire resistant layers;
b) Operational fire extinguishers
are required;
c) Constant monitoring and
supervision are required to promptly detect fire;
d) Welding dust and fumes must be
eliminated by exhaust removal.
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2.8.3.5.1 The use of electricity in
underground construction must satisfy National technical regulations on
electricity and electrical appliance safety, TCVN 6780-4:2009, regulations under
2.16 and regulations below.
2.8.3.5.2 Main circuit breakers of
power source of underground construction:
a) Must be installed above ground;
b) Can only be accessed and operated
by persons assigned to close power, cut power by contractors with participation
of competent individuals under 2.8.1.3.
2.8.3.5.3 If necessary, appropriate
lightning protection is required above ground.
2.8.3.5.4 2 separate power sources
are required (a main source and a backup source) to power electric machinery
and equipment (such as exhaust fans, water drainage pumps, and other equipment)
in the vicinity of the shafts. If these equipment and machinery stop working,
employees will face certain danger.
2.8.3.5.5 Power switches must be
safe (protected from fire, dust, water).
2.8.3.5.6 Lighting fixtures used in
underground construction must be protected by glass layers or other transparent
materials.
2.8.3.5.7 Depending on actual
conditions, lighting fixtures can be required to be protected from dust, air,
and water.
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2.8.3.6 Lighting
2.8.3.6.1 Lighting for construction
must satisfy regulations under 2.1.9 and 2.16.
2.8.3.6.2 In addition to the main
light sources, backup light sources must be maintained in proper operation mode
and can provide lighting long enough to allow employees to escape to surface
safely in case of emergency.
2.8.4 Drilling
2.8.4.1 When drilling in loose rocks and
soil, if specialized safety assurance solutions or equipment is not available,
proceed to drill on a small scale to prevent cave-in.
2.8.5 Transport, storage, and use of
explosive substances
2.8.5.1 The transport, storage, and use of
explosive substances (explosives, explosive ordnance) must comply with national
technical regulations and relevant law provisions.
NOTE: National technical regulations
relating to the use of explosive substances are specified under 2.17.1.1.
2.8.5.2 Do no transport explosive substances
together with other materials in the same container.
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2.8.6 Blasting
2.8.6.1 Blasting must conform to regulations
and law on management and use of weapons, explosive ordnance, explosive
precursors; relevant national technical regulations (see 2.17.1.1)and other
relevant technical regulations of competent authorities pertaining to the use
of explosive substances and explosive devices.
2.8.6.2 Do not place other electric circuits
on the same side of the tunnels where electric circuits serving detonation are
located.
2.8.6.3 Prior to blasting, break all
circuits in danger zones (areas affected by the blast) except the detonation
circuits.
2.8.6.4 Only appropriate battery-powered
lights are allowed while loading explosives or explosive ordnance.
2.8.6.5 Following each blasting session,
immediately examine and clean of all debris and loose rocks.
2.8.7 Transport via trains and
railway vehicles
2.8.7.1 Transportation system must comply
with relevant national technical regulations.
NOTE: The national technical
regulations relating to transport via trains and railway vehicles include QCVN
01:2011/BCT, QCVN 04:2017/BCT, TCVN 6780-2:2009.
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2.8.7.3 Transport activities using
mechanical system must be controlled by appropriate signaling system.
2.8.7.4 Trains and vehicles must be equipped
with headlights on the front and at the rear.
2.8.7.5 The handling of derailment via
towing shall only be implemented under control and supervision of competent
individuals mentioned under 2.8.1.3.
2.8.7.6 Do not transport humans using trains
and vehicles unless such trains and vehicles are designed specifically for
human transportation.
2.8.8 Dust control
2.8.8.1 During underground construction,
adopt appropriate measures to prevent the formation or eliminate sources of
dust (in particular silica dust) that are smaller than 5 µm.
2.8.8.2 If dry core drilling is being
performed, dust collection and extraction must be implemented during drilling
process.
2.8.8.3 If wet core drilling is being
performed, only drills that operate when being supplied with water are allowed.
2.8.8.4 In case of blasting, floors, roofs,
and side walls of structures in the vicinity of the blast radius must be
watered or humidified prior to detonation.
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2.8.8.6 Dug materials must not come into
contact with strong airflow during transportation.
2.8.8.7 If rock crushers are used
underground, adopt appropriate measures for preventing dust of machinery
locations from infiltrating work areas.
2.8.9 Construction of underground
pipes
2.8.9.1 Prior to construction, carry out
test drills on the pipes to confirm the presence of air pockets or groundwater.
2.8.9.2 Ventilation system is required in
underground pipes.
2.8.9.3 If pipes are installed in areas with
groundwater, flood barriers must be installed at the end of the pipes.
2.8.9.4 Appropriate and reliable means of
communication must be provided.
2.8.9.5 Solutions for rapid evacuation are
required to enable employees to get out of pipes in case of emergency.
2.8.9.6 Solutions for rescuing people facing
danger in the pipes and unable to move to safety on their own are required.
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2.9.1 General provisions
2.9.1.1 In regard to cofferdams and
caissons, surveying, design, construction, assembly, examination, testing (if
required so by the design), inspection (if requested by competent authorities),
commissioning, monitoring, use, maintenance, dismantlement (in case of
cofferdams), and document storage shall conform to construction laws
(applicable to constructions) and this document.
2.9.1.2 Cofferdams and caissons must:
a) be built, manufactured, assembled
according to design, and made of quality, appropriate, and durable materials
(depending on use demands);
b) be fitted with necessary
preventive measures and solutions in order to maintain safety for employees
even when water or other materials manage to infiltrate.
c) be fitted with work area accesses
that satisfy safety assurance for employees.
2.9.1.3 Manufacturing, navigation,
installation, repair, and dismantlement of cofferdams or caissons must be
implemented under direct supervision of competent individuals.
NOTE: Competent individuals include
construction and safety managers of contractors and/or designers (in case of
issues relating to design) and construction and safety supervisors of project
developers (or EPC general contractors); who have experience in cofferdams and
caissons.
2.9.1.4 Employees shall only be granted
access to cofferdams or caissons to work once safety assurance has been
examined and verified by competent individuals (see 2.9.1.3). Examination results must
be recorded.
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2.9.1.6 Only employees satisfactory to
2.9.1.5 are allowed to work in compressed air environment under constant
supervision of competent individuals (see 2.9.1.3) for activities and physical,
mental health.
2.9.1.7 No personnel are allowed to work in
an environment where the pressure exceeds 2,5 bar, except for personnel who
have received professional training for emergencies (for example: rescue and
accident remediation) and are equipped with specialized PPE.
2.9.1.8 For each shift, documents containing
information on duration in which employees have spent working in chambers
(compartments) filled with compressed air and decompression duration must be
kept.
2.9.1.9 If pressure of work areas exceeds
1,0 bar, employees must receive medical examination within 4 weeks prior to
being assigned with the tasks.
2.9.1.10 Employees working
constantly in a compressed air environment where pressure is lower than 1,0 bar
must receive periodic medical examination once every two months. The interval
between sessions of medical examination will be inversely proportional to the
pressure of working environment.
2.9.1.11 If employees stop working
in compressed air environment for at least 10 days or temporarily stop working
due to sicknesses or other reasons, they must receive medical examination prior
to returning to work. These employees must be assigned to work in compressed air
environment with gradual increase in intensity.
2.9.1.12 In regard to projects
where employees work in compressed air environment, project developers or
employers must maintain constant presence of medical and rescue personnel.
NOTE: Medical personnel on
construction sites include doctors, nurses, people assigned to provide first
aid, having training and experience with the tasks, and equipped with
specialized medical equipment for use in compressed air environment.
2.9.1.13 When employees working in
compressed air environment where pressure exceeds 1,0 bar, employers must inform
the nearest hospitals about name and address (including phone number and other
means of communication) of medical personnel assigned to supervise medical
affairs at construction sites.
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NOTE: Identity cards must specify
that the wearers must be admitted to decompression chambers instead of
hospitals if the wearers feel tired.
2.9.1.15 Employers are responsible
for designating buildings (or rooms) with seats to allow employees working in
compressed air environment to rest following decompression.
2.9.1.16 Do not allow individuals
who have not previously worked in compressed air environment to access
compressed air environment, except for cases where such individuals are
contained in man locks together with experienced competent individuals (see
2.9.1.3) or medical personnel who will guide appropriate responses (including
how to handle scenarios) during compression process.
2.9.1.17 Equipment operators are
not allowed to increase pressure 0,25 bar during compression process until they
have made sure that no person is irritated by the compression; then, equipment
operators shall increase pressure at a maximum rate of 0,5 bar per minute.
2.9.1.18 If any person feels
irritated during compression process, immediately stop compression and
gradually decrease pressure.
2.9.2 Working in cofferdams and
caissons
2.9.2.1 In order to prevent danger, caissons
must be firmly supported and held in place.
2.9.2.2 Caissons must undergo hydrostatic test as per
technical instructions and/or applied standards prior to use.
2.9.2.3 Caissons containing flammable
materials must be fitted with water supply pipes for firefighting, appropriate
couplings, fire extinguishers or hoses.
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2.9.2.5 Working chamber
2.9.2.5.1 Working chambers must be
equipped with wet-bulb thermometer to read evaporation temperature of water.
2.9.2.5.2 Limit tasks carried out
in compressed air environment when wet-bulb temperature exceeds 28 oC
unless these tasks are absolutely necessary.
2.9.2.5.3 When a working chamber is
being attended, doors between the working chamber and decompression equipment
that leads to areas with a lower pressure must be left open if the
decompression equipment is not in use.
2.9.2.6 Decompression chamber
2.9.2.6.1 When pressure in working
chamber is above 1,0 bar, appropriate decompression chamber is required in a
position convenient for employees working in compressed air environment.
2.9.2.6.2 Decompression chamber
must have 2 compartments and all its equipment must be managed and operated by
designated individuals.
2.9.2.6.3 When a decompression
chamber is being attended, individuals managing and operating the equipment
must monitor and supervise to take actions when necessary.
2.9.2.7 Decompression equipment
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a) Barometers to allow operators to
read pressure reading in the decompression equipment and in each working
chambers; barometers to allow individuals occupying the decompression equipment
to read pressure reading in the decompression equipment;
b) Clocks to allow operators and
occupying individuals to accurately read time;
c) Means of audible communication
between operators and occupying individuals;
d) Means of transmitting images or
(non-verbal) signals from the decompression equipment to the operators;
dd) Equipment to allow operators
outside of decompression equipment to accurately reduce or cease the supply of
compressed air into the decompression equipment.
2.9.2.7.2 Individuals occupying
decompression equipment are not allowed to reduce air pressure by themselves
unless:
a) They are allowed and instructed
by equipment operators;
b) They face an emergency at which
point the use of special equipment in decompression equipment is required
(usually the special equipment must be sealed or locked).
2.9.2.7.3 Instruction panels or
other appropriate means of communication pertaining to preventive measures with
which occupying individuals must comply during compression or decompression and
upon completing decompression are required.
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a) Control the increase and decrease
of pressure in the equipment;
b) If the pressure exceeds 1,0 bar,
log the time of entry and exit of each person, pressure measured at time of
entry and exit, and decompression period of each individual into physical
records (or storage device).
2.9.2.8 Air supply
2.9.2.8.1 Compressed-air
installations must be powered from air supply stations (equipment). Air supply stations must
be able to provide clean air (at the same pressure as pressure in working
chambers and not lower than 1,0 m3/minute/person) to any working
chamber.
2.9.2.8.2 Prevent air pollution of
air provided for caissons from air compressors or any other source.
2.9.2.8.3 Air pipes must be double
pipes (consisting of pairs of pipes) and fitted with check valves.
2.9.2.8.4 Compressed-air
installations must have sufficient supply capacity as per demand and backup
capacity for the purpose of safety assurance in case of emergency, damage, or
repair.
2.9.2.8.5 Backup air compressors
are required in case of emergency.
2.9.2.8.6 2 power supply systems
using separate sources are required for every air compressor.
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2.9.2.9.1 Reliable means of communication
such as bells, whistles, or phones must be maintained between working chambers
and aboveground working units.
2.9.2.9.2 Signal codes (rules in
making and sending signals) must be displayed in physical format or whichever
format that is convenient for reading at workplace.
2.9.2.10 Lighting
2.9.2.10.1 Proper lighting is
required in decompression equipment, decompression chambers, and working
chambers.
2.9.2.10.2 2 separate lighting
systems powered by independent sources are required.
2.9.3 Tunnelling work in compressed
air environment
2.9.3.1 Bulkheads separating working
chambers from areas with lower pressure must be able to withstand the maximum
pressure acting upon the bulkheads.
2.9.3.2 In order to prevent rapid flooding
or inundation by water or other materials, bulkheads must be positioned close
to tunnel openings or tunneling shields in order to allow employees to evacuate
in a timely manner.
2.9.3.3 Tunnels that can be flooded or
inundated by water or other materials must be fitted with bulkheads within 60 m
from the tunnel openings.
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2.9.3.5 If non-electric air compressors are
used, a single power source cannot power more than 50% of total air
compressors.
2.9.3.6 Each air duct must be fitted with an
air receiver, a shut off valve, a pressure-reducing valve, and a check valve close to
decompression equipment.
2.9.3.7 Air supply from the air receiver to
working chambers must be done via double air pipes.
2.9.3.8 An adjustable safety valve is
required outside of bulkhead on separate pipelines leading from working
chambers through the bulkhead to outside.
2.9.3.9 In addition to using decompression
equipment and decompression chambers, tunnels are advised to be fitted with
emergency decompression system which is capable for rescuing all employees of a
shift.
2.9.3.10 Appropriate decompression
chamber is required when employees working in compressed air environment in
tunnels where pressure exceeds 1,0 bar.
2.9.3.11 Tunnels whose diameter or
height is 5 m or more are required to be fitted with gangways connecting tunnel
openings to the nearest decompression chamber. Gangways must have a minimum clear
height of 1,8 m.
2.9.3.12 Tunnels are required to
be fitted with water pipes to supply water to working chambers. Water inlets of
these water pipes must be located within 30 m of tunnel openings.
2.9.3.13 When blasting in tunnels
in compressed air environment, comply with 2.17 and the following regulations:
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b) After blasting, do not enter
working chambers until all smoke and dust have settled.
2.10 Construction, assemble, and
dismantlement of structures and modules
2.10.1 General provisions
2.10.1.1 The assembly and
dismantlement of structural elements, structures, temporary supporting
structures must be implemented by trained employees under supervision and
coordination of competent individuals.
NOTE 1: See 2.3 for competent
individuals entitled t o supervise tasks relating to temporary supporting
structures.
NOTE 2: Competent individuals
entitled to supervise the assembly and dismantlement of structural elements,
structures must conform to construction laws.
NOTE 3: Structural elements and
structures include: Pillars, girders, frames, bracers, load-bearing walls, and
other structural elements, structures that are load bearing components of
buildings. Structural elements and structures can be steel structures,
prefabricated structures (reinforced concrete, steel - concrete mixture, steel,
wood, or other materials).
NOTE 4: Non-structure elements
include but are not limited to: Elements used for sheltering (glass walls,
exterior walls made of other materials); walls separating spaces; elements,
objects, equipment fixed or positioned or suspended from buildings (stairs, steel
ladders, skybridges between buildings, toilet modules, cooling towers, antenna
towers, advertising panels, and other similar elements).
2.10.1.2 Adequate preventive
measures must be adopted for the purpose of safety assurance. In which, particularly
pay attention to the use of temporary supporting structures to prevent
dangerous factors in case assembling (or dismantling) structures weaken or lose
stability, electricity hazards, falling hazards, safety loss hazards when
lifting, lowering structures, elements, and when not using PPE.
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NOTE 2: Tasks relating to the use of
lifting equipment and other equipment are specified under 2.4 and other
relevant sections of this document.
NOTE 3: Tasks relating to the use of
scaffolds and PPE are specified under 2.2, 2.19, and other relevant regulations
of this document.
2.10.1.3 Prior to assembling
structures and structural elements, employers must rely on practical conditions
(premise, capacity of equipment, dangerous factors, hazardous factors, weather
conditions, and other relevant details), design dossiers and technical
instructions for assembly tasks to produce construction plans, solutions, and
safety assurance solutions.
2.10.1.4 Prior to dismantlement of
structures and elements of buildings that utilize prefabricated structures,
employers must rely on practical conditions (premise, capacity of equipment,
dangerous factors, hazardous factors, weather conditions, load-bearing
conditions or capacity of connection, elements, structures), as-built dossiers (and
changes relating to dimensions, load of elements, structures) produce
construction plans, solutions, and safety assurance solutions.
NOTE: In case of dismantlement tasks,
particularly pay attention to the sequence of actions and supporting solutions
to prevent dismantling elements and structures from collapsing.
2.10.1.5 At work areas, employers
must:
a) properly guide employees (depending
on assigned tasks) pertaining to solutions and procedures for carrying tasks;
b) assign sufficient personnel and
device specific regulations on cooperation in task execution;
c) provide equipment and instruments
necessary for the transport, storage, lifting, lowering, and assembly (or
dismantlement) of structures and elements.
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2.10.1.7 The assembly and
dismantlement of non-structural elements must conform to the following
regulations:
a) If non-structural elements have significant
weight or dimensions and require the use of lifting equipment, conform to
regulations under 2.10.1, 2.10.2, and 2.10.3;
b) If non-structural elements have
insignificant weight or dimensions and do not require the use of lifting
equipment, conform to regulations under 2.10.1, regulations on scaffolds and
ladders under 2.2, regulations on working at height under 2.7, and other
regulations relating to safety assurance in this document.
2.10.2 Assembly and dismantlement of
steel structures, prefabricated structures
2.10.2.1 Safety of employees
engaging in the assembly and dismantlement of structures and elements must be guaranteed
by appropriate solutions and equipment and compliant with regulations relating
to:
a) Ladders, stairs, skybridges, or
fixed work surfaces;
b) Work platforms, containers,
racks, or other equipment suspended by lifting equipment;
c) PPE, lanyards, lifelines, safety
nets, or temporary platforms (see 2.10.3);
d) Mobile electric work platforms;
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e) Fire prevention and firefighting,
rescue, and relevant tasks.
2.10.2.2 Structures and elements
must be designed and manufactured so that safety assurance is maintained during
transport and assembly in a manner that complies with design and construction
standards; each structure and element must be accompanied by information on
their own weight.
NOTE: In case of dismantling elements,
if information on weight of the elements cannot be found, determine the weight
based on weight of the manufacturing materials.
2.10.2.3 In addition to ensuring
stability of structural elements and structures (or parts thereof) during
assembly, for the purpose of preventing dangerous factors, design should take
into account and provide specific guidelines on:
a) Conditions and methods of
transporting, storing, providing temporary support during assembly or
dismantlement;
b) The ability to install safety
assurance equipment such as guardrails and work platforms;
c) Convenience in suspending,
clamping, and fixing elements that are being assembled with assembled or
constructed structures and elements.
2.10.2.4 Parts and components
positioned inside or manufactured together with the elements and structures
serving lifting, lowering, and transport must be designed and manufactured with
appropriate shape, size, and placed in appropriate location to meet the
following regulations:
a) They are able to withstand
stress, load, and forces put on them;
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NOTE: Details and components placed
in advance for lifting and lowering of elements with flat form or surfaces (for
example: floor tiles, walls, stringers) must be manufactured in a way that they
do not protrude from the elements.
c) Structures and elements when
lifted do not lose stability or rotate.
2.10.2.5 Prefabricated concrete
elements and structures shall only be moved or assembled once the concrete has
set to a strength specified under technical instructions of the design. Prior to assembly,
examine prefabricated elements and structures for defects (if any).
2.10.2.6 Storage units of elements
and structures must meet the following requirements:
a) The elements and structures face
no risk of falling and collapsing;
b) The elements and structures are
not damaged due to storage conditions and the environment;
c) Racks supporting the elements and
structures must be placed on firm surface and designed to prevent these
elements and structures from randomly displacing.
2.10.2.7 Elements and structures
are protected from deformation and loss of stability during storage, transport,
and assembly.
2.10.2.8 Lifting equipment must
conform to regulations under 2.4 and:
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b) Be approved by construction
managers (or construction and assembly managers) and/or tested in accordance
with regulations of manufacturers and competent authorities.
2.10.2.9 Lifting hooks must be
self-locking or safety hooks and labeled with maximum load.
2.10.2.10 Clamps and other lifting
accessories must satisfy the following requirements:
a) They have appropriate shape and
sizes to ensure sufficient grip without damaging structures and elements;
b) They are labeled with maximum permissible
load in the most unfavorable conditions.
2.10.2.11 Appropriating lifting
equipment and solutions are required to prevent lifted instruments from
unexpectedly rotating or flipping.
2.10.2.12 If necessary, prior to
lifting structures and elements, safety assurance equipment is required such as
guardrails, barriers, and work platforms (to isolate danger zones; prevent
falling).
2.10.2.13 Prior to assembling and
dismantling structures and elements, employers must provide and guide employees
to use PPE in order to avoid occupational accidents and work with ease.
2.10.2.14 Structures and elements
must be inspected for defects prior to being unloaded from lifting equipment. Sheet-type structures and
elements (such as: walls, glass partitions) must remain stable under the effect
of wind and other lateral forces.
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2.10.2.16 If employees assigned to
assemble and dismantle structures and elements work in harsh weather conditions
such as breeze, frost, snow, or other conditions where visibility is reduced,
they must proceed with caution and immediately stop if weather conditions turn
dangerous (see 2.1.11).
2.10.2.17 Immediately stop working
if structures, elements, or work areas are slippery or covered in frost or
snow.
2.10.2.18 When necessary, in order
to prevent danger, additional accessories and components must be fixed onto
existing structures and elements to serve the assembly of suspended scaffolds,
anchoring of lanyards, or other safety assurance measures (for example: safety
nets, catch platforms).
2.10.2.19 Measures and equipment
must be utilized to prevent employees from falling and slipping while working
on high girders or ramps. Areas where the use of lanyards is not feasible, other
appropriate solutions must be taken such as safety nets among other effective
solutions.
2.10.2.20 Prior to assembling
structures and elements at great height (for example: roof girders and trusts
with large span), these structures and elements must undergo assembly and
lifting test on ground level.
2.10.2.21 Prior to installing,
assembling, and dismantling individual structures and elements, establish
danger zones below work areas and control danger zones in accordance with
2.1.1.2. Danger zones must be determined based on the possibility that the
involved structures and elements may fall, even in case of sudden breeze or
tower crane accidents.
2.10.2.22 Steel scaffolds or high
girders that are under constructions must be fully braced and lashed to
maintain stability until they have been firmly connected to supporting
structures as per design.
2.10.2.23 Do not reduce
cross-section area of multiple load bearing structures and elements by cutting,
drilling, or other processes.
NOTE: The cutting, drilling, and
processing must comply with technical instructions of the design and/or applied
standards.
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2.10.2.25 If cellular girders are
assembled individually, they must be fixed into place according to design and
must be prevented from displacing by themselves.
2.10.2.26 See 2.10.3 for cases
where disassembly and dismantlement require temporary work platforms.
2.10.3 Temporary work platform
2.10.3.1 If work platforms in use
have openings or large gaps, these openings and gaps must be sealed by
temporary work platforms (use solid platforms or similar) for the purpose of
safety assurance.
2.10.3.2 Temporary work platforms
and safety assurance covers must be maintained throughout construction process
and shall only be removed if doing so is necessary for other tasks and be
replaced by other safety assurance measures.
2.10.3.3 Fixed work platforms must
be prioritized in order to reduce risk of safety loss.
2.11 Formworks and concrete work
2.11.1 General provisions
2.11.1.1 In case of buildings
whose structures or structure parts use site-cast concrete, temporary support
(including formworks) work and concrete work must be conducted by employees who
have been trained for relevant task and under supervision, coordination of
competent individuals.
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NOTE 2: Competent individuals
entitled to supervise the construction of concrete structures must conform to
construction laws.
NOTE 3: In regard to structures
using site-cast concrete structures and prefabricated structures, assembly of
these structures shall conform to 2.10.
2.11.1.2 Preventive measures must
be taken for the purpose of safety assurance and focus on: Temporary support
work to prevent danger caused by weak or unstable structures; risk of falling;
risk of safety loss when using machinery and equipment for processing steel,
steel rebar, transporting, casting concrete, pulling prestressing cable; fire
hazard when using welding machine and other thermal processing equipment; risk
of blackout during concrete casting.
2.11.1.3 Temporary supporting
structures (including formworks) must conform to 2.3 and additional regulations
applicable to formworks under 2.11.2.
2.11.2 Formwork
2.11.2.1 Surveying, design,
assembly, safety testing and inspection, examination, monitoring, use,
maintenance, and dismantlement must conform to regulations under 2.3.1 through
2.3.7 and the following regulations:
a) Formwork must be designed and
assembled in a manner that maintains stability of work platforms and bracing,
allows ladders, stairs, ramps, and other means of access to be easily assembled
and connected to formworks;
b) Vertical or leaning formworks
must be examined, assembled, and dismantled under supervision of experienced
individuals;
c) Installation drawing of formworks
containing detail information on spacing between girders and standards must be
provided for individuals in charge;
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dd) Adjustable support and standard
systems must have their position locked in place once adjustment has been made;
e) Temporary supporting structures
shall only be dismantled when concrete has set in accordance with technical
instructions and/or applied standards;
g) In order to avoid falling hazards
during dismantlement, vertical formworks must be entirely dismantled; parts
that are not dismantled must be supported or firmly anchored in place;
h) Mechanical, hydraulic, or
pneumatic lifting equipment used for formworks must be fitted with automatic
braking or holding mechanism to prevent danger in case lifting equipment
malfunctions;
i) Vacuum lifting equipment shall
only be used for flat, clean surfaces and must be able to automatically shut
down in case of a blackout or equipment malfunction.
2.11.2.2 In case of specialized
formworks (sliding formwork, climbing formworks): Surveying, design, assembly,
testing, safety inspection (if inspection is required as per Point c of
2.1.1.5), use, dismantlement, and other relevant tasks must conform to
regulations under 2.3.1 through 2.3.7.
2.11.3 Concrete work
2.11.3.1 The construction of
site-cast concrete structures, especially large span and multistorey concrete
structures must conform to procedures specified under construction solutions. Construction solutions
must be produced on the basis of design dossiers, construction and
commissioning technical instructions and standards applicable to projects,
which include the following information:
a) Technical specifications of steel
cables, steel reinforcement, concrete, and other materials involved, including
technical solutions for installation and resolutions;
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c) Load-bearing capacity calculation
results of the structures in case steel and steel reinforcement structure,
arrangement. In case of prestressing cables, spreadsheet containing
calculations of tensile strength and specific tension.
2.11.3.2 Record and keep information
relating to casting process, including factors that potentially affect strength
development of concrete strength.
2.11.3.3 In regard to the reeling
of prestressing cables, operators of cable reels must not face the reeling
apparatus.
2.11.3.4 Stages of construction
(for example: assembling temporary supporting structures, steel cables,
reinforced concrete, concrete casting; pulling prestressing cable; maintenance;
dismantlement of formworks; experimentation, and other relevant tasks) must
have their procedures specified and their implementation coordinated, examined,
and supervised by competent individuals.
NOTE: See 2.11.1.1 for competent
individuals.
2.11.3.5 During concrete casting,
regularly inspect safety assurance (see 2.3.6) in order to promptly discover
risks of safety loss (such as collapse of bracing, base plates, standards,
among other risks).
2.11.3.6 Materials, elements,
construction machinery and equipment must not be piled up or placed in areas
where concrete is setting.
2.12 Piling
2.12.1 General provisions
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NOTE 1: Tasks relating to the use of
lifting equipment and other equipment are specified under 2.4 and other
relevant sections of this document.
NOTE 2: Piling work on water surface
shall conform to 2.12.4 and 2.13.
2.12.1.2 Piling must be done by
employees who have received training and special training for piling under
supervision and coordination of competent individuals.
NOTE: Competent individuals are
construction managers of contractors and/or construction supervisors of project
developers (or EPC general contractors).
2.12.1.3 Prior to piling, locate
and protect existing underground structures (such as electricity supply, gas
supply, water supply and drainage, communication). After driving piles (or casting
concrete in bored piles), these underground structures must be restored with
proper operating conditions and safety.
2.12.1.4 Piling machinery and
equipment must be placed on stable base plates, not slanted or depressed more
than what manufacturers’ instructions allow.
NOTE 1: Foundation of piling
machinery and equipment can vary depending on actual conditions as follows:
Solid wood base or boards; thick steel plates; reinforced concrete boards; on
floating safety assurance equipment (when piling on water surface) or on sturdy
soil or rock without depression.
NOTE 2: Base and foundation of
equipment shall conform to 2.3. Floating device used in water surface
construction shall conform to regulations under 2.12.4 and 2.13.
2.12.1.5 Piling machinery and
equipment must be regularly protected and supervised (by assigning personnel to
supervise, install barriers or safety nets).
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2.12.1.7 If multiple piling
machinery and equipment work simultaneously in an area, they must be arranged,
distributed, and controlled to prevent collision.
2.12.1.8 In case of pile drivers:
a) If the lead must be slanted,
appropriate counterweight must be installed and equipment (mechanism) for
maintaining the slant and preventing slip is required;
b) If pneumatic hammers are used,
gas pipes and pneumatic hammers must be safely suspended (connected) to prevent
them from being ejected when joints fail.
2.12.1.9 In regard to piling tasks
that use rams, hammers must be suspended (connected) safely to prevent them from
being ejected if joints fail.
2.12.1.10 Adopt appropriate
solutions to prevent piling machinery and equipment from tipping over; pay
special attention to cases where piling machinery and equipment operate close
to holes and ramps.
2.12.1.11 Measures must be taken to
prevent cables from slipping out of pulleys or wheels on top of piling
machinery and equipment.
2.12.1.12 Fall prevention measures
must be taken when driving long poles, heavy poles, support poles, king posts,
long or heavy steel cages (for bored piles).
2.12.1.13 Appropriate measures must
be taken to prevent hammers from missing the piles.
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2.12.1.15 Piles driven by press-in
must fulfill regulations under 2.12.
2.12.2 Examination and maintenance
of piling machinery and equipment
2.12.2.1 Piling machinery and
equipment shall only be used if they have been examined, tested, and inspected
in accordance with 2.1.1.5 and verified by employers to be safe for use.
2.12.2.2 Piling machinery and
equipment must be examined, tested, and tested on a periodic basis in
accordance with instructions of manufacturers and competent authorities.
2.12.2.3 Leads (or drilling arms
and piling machinery and equipment) and suspension blocks, pulleys, and control
systems must be inspected prior to each shift.
2.12.2.4 Components and the entire
piling machinery and equipment must be maintained in accordance with
manufacturers’ instructions.
2.12.3 Operation of piling machinery
and equipment
2.12.3.1 Driving of piles and
bored piles tasks (driving support piles king post, steel cages; driving or
removing concrete chutes, and casting concrete for bored piles) must be managed
and coordinated via appropriate signals.
2.12.3.2 Employees working close
to piling machinery and equipment must wear hearing protection, helmets or hard
hats, and other PPE appropriate to the task requirements and construction
ground requirements.
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2.12.3.3 Other than force majeure,
piles must be placed in advance in areas away from pile drivers. The distance
from these areas to pile drivers must at least equal twice the length of the
longest piles.
2.12.3.4 When driving piles at an
angle, the piles must be placed on guides.
2.12.3.5 If pile drivers or
drilling rigs are not used, hammers (or drilling buckets) must be locked at the
lowest position (the bottommost of hammer ram or drilling rigs) and properly
covered to avoid collision with employees.
2.12.4 Pile machinery and equipment
placed on flotation devices
2.12.4.1 When driving piles on
water, preventive measures relating to safety assurance must be implemented in
accordance with 2.13 and at least one operational and standby rescue vessel is
required.
2.12.4.2 Members of pile driving
teams on flotation devices (vessels, boats, floats, rafts, and others) must be
trained to control the devices.
2.12.4.3 Flotation devices and
piling machinery and equipment must be equipped with sirens, horns, alarms, or
other effective signaling devices.
2.12.4.4 Flotation devices and
piling machinery and equipment must be equipped with appropriate fire
prevention and firefighting devices.
2.12.4.5 Based on weight of piling
machinery and equipment, place them on work platforms of flotation devices in a
way where the work platforms are always in stable position (without being
slanted or displaced).
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2.12.4.7 Openings on the floor of
flotation devices and work platforms must be protected by coverings firmly
attached to the floor and exactly fit the openings.
2.12.4.8 Work platforms are
required to be equipped with wheel, pulleys, and other assisting equipment to
allow operators to direct piles (or bracing piles, king posts, steel cages,
concrete chutes and hoppers) in any direction to driving positions (or concrete
driving positions) in a safe manner.
2.12.4.9 Number of employees
working on piling tasks on flotation devices must be regularly checked.
2.12.4.10 Requirements pertaining
to the use, operation, and equipment on flotation devices moving on water
surface and other requirements pertaining to construction work on water surface
must conform to regulations under 2.13.
2.12.5 Larsen sheet piles and
hat-type sheet piles
2.12.5.1 In order to prevent
danger of wind or other causes, hand-operated control cables or other effective
means must be utilized to control Larsen sheet piles and hat-type sheet piles.
2.12.5.2 If H-frame scaffoldings
taller than 2,0 m are used to assist construction work, these scaffoldings must
not be used as work platforms unless guardrails, toe boards, and ladders are
also installed to allow access by employees.
2.12.5.3 Length of control cables
must be shorter than length of piles; the cables must be kept from being
tangled around the piles or becoming incapable of controlling the piles due to
the wind.
2.12.5.4 If the piles are too
heavy for clamps (which are designed to hold the piles) to be opened by remote
control apparatus or by employees while standing on ladders, cages enabling
employees to access and open the clamps.
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2.12.5.6 If Larsen sheet piles and
hat-type sheet piles are driven by heavy objects (rocks or concrete), they must
be kept stable.
2.12.5.7 Cofferdams are required
to be equipped with pumps capable of keeping water out.
2.13 Working over water
2.13.1 General provisions
2.13.1.1 In areas close to or over
water surface attended by employees, employers must take actions to:
a) Prevent employees from falling
under water;
b) Resuscitate drowned employees;
c) Enable safe movement.
2.13.1.2 Safety assurance measures
for tasks conducted over the water and relevant tasks must include:
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b) Rescue buoys, personal flotation
devices, and flotation equipment;
c) Protective measures from
dangerous factors of reptiles and other animals.
2.13.1.3 Employees working close
to or over the water must receive training, advanced training, comply with
handling procedures in case of emergency, know how to swim, not work alone,
work only when supervised and coordinated by competent individuals.
NOTE: Competent individuals shall be
defined in accordance with construction laws and other relevant field-specific
laws.
2.13.1.4 Overpass, bridges,
pontoon bridges, pedestrian bridges, walkways, and certain work areas must:
a) have sufficient load-bearing
capacity, stability, and appropriate purpose;
b) have sufficient width to allow
employees to move safely and not lower than 50 cm;
c) have flat surfaces without
extensively protruding objects like nails, screws, and bolts which can trip
employees;
d) receive adequate artificial
lighting if natural light is not sufficient to guarantee working environment;
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e) be fitted with toe boards,
guardrails, wires or similar equipment to prevent falling;
g) not be occupied by equipment,
tools, and other obstacles;
h) be lined or covered with boards
or sand or similar materials which must be firm and not easily displace or be
protected by other measures if the surfaces are slippery or lumpy;
i) not be damaged by rising tide or
breeze, especially floor boards of overpass and work platforms used in areas
prone to tidal effect;
k) be fitted with ladders or stairs
to allow employees to access high areas; Ladders and stairs must be firm,
capable of load bearing, of sufficient length, and securely anchored. Ladders
attached to construction machinery and equipment over the water surface must be
fitted with safety cages for falling protection;
l) be able to float in case of
overpass, pedestrian bridges, and other walkway structures in areas with rapid
rising tide and strong current.
2.13.1.5 Flotation devices are
required to be fitted with safe refuge for employees in case construction sites
face high risk of safety loss due to heavy rain, hail, thunderstorm, hurricane,
lightning, or unexpected tidal movements.
NOTE: Safe refuge shall be used if
moving landward is not feasible in a timely manner or an incident causes the
flotation devices to be adrift.
2.13.1.6 These flotation devices
must contain adequate rescue equipment such as lanyards, rafts, and rescue ring
buoys.
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a) be able to withstand the maximum
load by use demand;
b) be firmly anchored to allow task
execution and prevented from going adrift;
c) be accessed by means that conform
to safety assurance.
2.13.1.8 Steel surfaces must be
designed accordingly to prevent slip.
2.13.1.9 Openings on the floor of
flotation devices (including uncovered barrels) must be protected to prevent
people from falling in via nets, boards, guardrails, or other appropriate
measures.
2.13.1.10 Walkways close to or over
the water or on flotation devices must be placed on top of pipelines.
2.13.1.11 No personnel are allowed
in hydraulic dredging equipment rooms alone and without the consent of managers
and operators.
2.13.1.12 Cables, lifting
accessories, lashes, control cables, cutting (drilling) bits and other loose
accessories serving construction purposes must be inspected on a daily basis.
2.13.1.13 Employees shall only
embark and disembark flotation devices from positions specified under
construction solutions.
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2.13.1.15 While working close to or
over the water, regulations on inland waterway and maritime traffic promulgated
by competent authorities must be complied with, including: Installation of
traffic signs; requirements pertaining to equipment, instruments, and safety
assurance on flotation devices; the use of flotation devices, and equipment
installed, used on flotation devices, and other requirements relating to
flotation equipment and devices.
NOTE: Relevant National Technical
Regulations include QCVN 102:2018/BGTVT, QCVN 67:2018/BGTVT, QCVN
39:2020/BGTVT, QCVN 20:2015/BGTVT, QCVN 23:2016/BGTVT, QCVN 42:2015/BGTVT, QCVN
73:2019/BGTVT, QCVN 94:2016/BGTVT, QCVN 97:2016/BGTVT and other regulations
promulgated by competent authorities.
2.13.2 Vessels
2.13.2.1 Vessels serving human
transport must conform to regulations under 2.13.1.15.
2.13.2.2 When vessels are used for
human transport:
a) Only assigned, experienced
individuals allowed to operate vessels for the purpose of human transport shall
operate vessels;
b) Do not carry more people than the
maximum permissible load of the vessels; maximum number of people or permissible
load must be specified and displayed at a visible location on the vessels;
c) Prepare sufficient number of
floats and other appropriate rescue equipment on vessels which must be arranged
and preserved as per the law;
d) Employers must assign individuals
to supervise the human transport.
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2.13.2.4 Electric vessels must be
fitted with appropriate fire extinguishers.
2.13.2.5 Paddling vessels must be
equipped with backup paddles.
2.13.2.6 Rescue vessels must have
transport capacity suitable with devised rescue solutions and appropriate
dimensions to stay stable on the water. Engine-powered vessels operating in
tidal waves or strong current must have starting equipment fixed onto the
engines. When unused, engine-powered vessels must have their engines started
several times in the day.
2.13.3 Rescue
2.13.3.1 Employers are responsible
for producing rescue solutions in accordance with regulations and law on rescue
and comply, cooperate with competent local rescue authorities.
2.13.3.2 Employers working close
to or over the water must be equipped with life vests and/or other appropriate flotation
devices. Life
vests must allow wearers to move, be able to keep wearers afloat upright,
protect the body, remain visible, keep the wearers from trapping underwater,
and emit light if necessary (for construction at night or during limited
visibility).
2.14 Working underwater
2.14.1 General provisions
2.14.1.1 Employees working
underwater (hereinafter referred to as “divers”) must:
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b) have experience in diving and
carrying out underwater tasks similar to the assigned task; or be trained and
supervised by experienced divers;
c) only work under supervision and
coordination of competent individuals.
NOTE 1: Competent individuals mean
construction managers, safety managers of contractors or construction
supervisors of project developers (or EPC general contractors).
NOTE: Assisting personnel (assisting
actions of divers, signaling, transmitting information, and other carrying out
other coordination tasks), construction managers, safety managers of
contractors, construction supervisors of project developers (or EPC general
contractors) and other individuals working under water must satisfy
requirements applicable to divers.
2.14.1.2 Employers must take
actions to:
a) prevent divers from drowning,
facing dangerous factors such as water pressure, strong current, low
temperature, water pollution, marine creatures, limited visibility, collision
with underwater objects, and other dangerous factors underwater;
b) implement rescue attempt for
divers in cases that are threatening to health and lives of divers;
c) enable safe movement.
2.14.1.3 Safety assurance measures
for underwater and over the water tasks must include specific regulations on
the use of the following equipment:
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b) Safety equipment relating to
tasks over the water (see 2.13);
c) Rescue equipment such as rescue
buoys, life vests, and other personal floating devices;
d) Protective equipment to avoid
dangerous factors of reptiles and other animals;
dd) Other equipment (such as:
decompression equipment, decompression chambers) for safety assurance for
divers taking deep dive (deeper than 10 m) or other performing other dangerous
underwater tasks.
2.14.1.4 Diving tasks shall only
be permitted when diving teams are ready. A team of divers consist of:
a) Two divers for joint working
underwater;
b) At least one assistant;
c) At least one pump operator;
d) A third diver (equipped with
adequate diving kit) ready to work when a replacement is required or in case of
emergency such as rescue;
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2.14.1.5 Divers and relevant
employees must undergo training and advanced training pertaining to mandatory
procedures for emergency situations.
2.14.1.6 Divers are not allowed to
take deep dive or perform other dangerous underwater tasks without the consent
of medical personnel and without specialized diving equipment for these tasks.
NOTE: Medical personnel on
construction sites mean doctors, nurses, or first-aid personnel who have
received training and experience in diving, working underwater, and persons
directly monitoring, supervising health of employees working underwater.
2.14.1.7 Regularly check the
number of employees working underwater and over the water.
2.14.2 Medical supervision
2.14.2.1 Divers are not allowed to
work underwater if they have not received medical examination in the last month
and if they are not verified by medical personnel to have sufficient (mental
and physical) health to work.
2.14.2.2 If a divers stop working
for more than 14 days due to illness or injury, employers are not allowed to
assign tasks to these divers until medical examination verifies that the divers
have adequate (mental and physical) health to get back to working underwater.
2.14.2.3 Divers must receive
monthly medical examination.
2.14.2.4 Divers are required to
immediately inform medical personnel and employers if they do not feel well.
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2.14.2.6 Panels containing the
following information are required in appropriate and visible spots in work areas
(on flotation devices, coordination zones on land, areas occupied by relevant
individuals):
a) Name, address, phone number
and/or other effective means of communication of the nearest medical personnel
with experience in first aid and medical care relating to diving tasks;
b) Name, address, phone number
and/or other effective means of communication of the nearest available divers;
c) Address (location) of the nearest
decompression equipment (or decompression chambers) and name, phone number
and/or other effective means of communication of decompression equipment
managers.
2.14.2.7 If diving activities are
conducted in waters deeper than 10 m: Decompression equipment (or decompression
chambers) and appropriate equipment (see 2.9.2) must be available close to
construction sites.
2.14.3 Time working underwater
2.14.3.1 Employers are responsible
for specifying time working underwater and break time of divers in a manner
that fit:
a) Physical and mental health
conditions of each diver, depth, water pressure, and capacity of underwater
equipment;
b) Regulations applicable to
extremely arduous, toxic, dangerous occupations and professions promulgated by
competent authorities (Ministry of Labor - War Invalids and Social Affairs,
Ministry of Health).
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2.14.4.1 Regulations under this
section apply to diving while wearing diving suits, helmets, and regular
equipment. Self-contained
diving equipment must comply with standards applicable to design,
manufacturing, production, use, operation, examination, testing, maintenance,
and regulations of competent authority (if any).
NOTE: Self-contained diving
equipment includes but is not limited to: Specialized diving apparatus
(propulsion vehicle, scooters); complete wetsuit including clothing, diving
hood, snorkels, and breathing apparatus (oxygen tank), and other accessories.
2.14.4.2 Employers must provide
divers with adequate diving equipment, including equipment for entering and
leaving the water, means of communication, and appropriate lanyards and safety
belts.
2.14.4.3 Diving outfit:
a) Divers must be provided with
specialized diving suits;
b) When diving in cold water, divers
must be provided with liners made of insulation materials, diving hoods, and
gloves.
2.14.4.4 Appropriate measures
allowing divers to enter and exit water such as stairs, ladders or platforms
are required.
2.14.4.5 Air supply equipment must
comply with the following:
a) If air is delivered by pipe, air
pump or air compressor or cylinder is required;
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c) Air supplied to divers to breathe
must be to quality, appropriate to human respiration, at pressure suitable with
diving equipment and underwater working conditions;
d) Air pump is be kept operational
as long as divers are still wearing diving suits or diving hoods;
dd) Air supply lines between air
compressor and divers must be made of fortified rubber (by net or wrapping wire
or other similar measures), be able to withstand the highest pressure
(according to use demand) without deforming, and have sufficient tensile
strength;
NOTE 1: The ability to withstand
pressure and tensile strength of air supply lines must be examined via testing.
NOTE 2: Joints (or connecting
components, details) in air supply lines must be firm rotating joints (coupler
type) that cannot be loosened during use.
NOTE 3: Air supply lines must be
compatible with air receivers, oil and water filters, safety valves, shut off
valves, flow control valves, and pressure gauges.
e) Capacity of air receivers must be
sufficient to provide air for divers, even in the event that air compressors
malfunction until regular air supply is restored (either hand pump, backup
compressors, or other effective methods);
g) Check valves are required between
air receivers and air compressors;
h) Electric air pumps must allow
immediate transition to manual operation or be accompanied by backup hand pumps
with sufficient capacity;
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2.14.4.6 Lanyards must be quality
type with tensile strength and minimum safety factor of 6 times the expected
working load, must be examined by tension test, and must have sufficient length
as per use requirements.
2.14.4.7 Signalling and
communication:
a) Diving activities must be
coordinated by appropriate signaling system which is understood by all relevant
personnel;
b) Assisting individuals must
guarantee operating conditions and safety assurance of signal cables and air
supply lines (see 2.14.4.11);
c) If divers enter the water from
flotation devices, divers must inform individuals responsible for management
and supervision on land about location of these flotation devices;
d) If divers perform dangerous
underwater activities such as blasting or working under strong current, they
must use telephone (or radio transceiver) to maintain communication with people
above the water;
dd) Telephone (or radio
transceivers) used by divers must be handsfree type.
2.14.4.8 Lighting:
a) Electric lights must be provided
for divers working at night or underwater areas with insufficient lighting;
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2.14.4.9 Flotation devices:
a) Rescue vessels and other rescue
equipment must be available;
b) Flotation devices used for diving
activities must have sufficient spaces for working and storing construction
materials, equipment, be kept stable on water, and safely anchored even in case
of strong wind and current.
2.14.4.10 First aid and rescue
equipment must be available where diving activities are conducted and conform
to regulations under 2.18.2 and 2.18.3.
2.14.4.11 Examination, testing, and
maintenance of diving equipment:
a) Prior to being introduced into
use, diving equipment must be examined, tested, and verified for safety
assurance;
b) Before each shift, diving
equipment must be examined for safety assurance and approved by competent
individuals (see 2.14.1.1);
c) The use of the following diving
equipment, diving aid equipment and machinery (see below) shall only be
permitted if they have been examined, tested, and verified for safety assurance
by equipment managers within 24 hours before use:
- Pumps, air compressors (or cylinders), air supply lines for:
Leak, the ability to withstand pressure greater than working pressure, the
ability to supply air for divers during the period in which pumps or air
compressors malfunction;
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- Independent, synchronous diving equipment.
d) If unused, diving equipment must
be stored in appropriate rooms or lockers and must not be used for any other
purpose;
dd) Diving equipment must be rinsed
by clean water (saltwater must not be used for this purpose), let dry, and
dried before being put in storage;
e) Diving outfits and air supply
lines must be stored in dry areas without oil, grease, or tar;
g) Diving equipment must undergo
thorough and comprehensive examination or have their components, parts replaced
(or the entire equipment when necessary) at least once every 3 months in
accordance with manufacturers' instructions and/or applied standards.
2.14.5 Diving activities
2.14.5.1 Before diving, divers
must get accustomed to the current, be informed about traffic situation in
diving sites and risks to divers such as submarine cables, water inlet pipes,
and anchoring cables of flotation equipment.
2.14.5.2 Divers are not allowed to
enter the water if they are ill or feeling unwell or under the influence of
alcohol or other substances or on a full or empty stomach.
2.14.5.3 When divers enter the
water:
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b) Assisting individuals must
examine and make sure that diving suits are not absorbing water and assist
divers in descending slowly;
c) Assisting individuals must
examine and supervise to prevent divers from descending too fast, and get divers
back to the surface if signalling cannot be done.
2.14.5.4 When divers are
underwater, assisting individuals must constantly supervise and:
a) Monitor air supply lines and
lanyards;
b) Communicate with divers in
appropriate moments;
c) Make sure that divers are not
threatened by operation of vessels or other dangerous factors in the vicinity
of work areas of divers and get divers to the surface if the divers face
dangerous factors;
d) Regularly communicate and inform
competent individuals (see 2.14.1.1).
2.14.5.5 In case of cold weather,
precautions must be taken to prevent frosting of air supply lines, valves, and
other parts of diving equipment.
2.14.5.6 If necessary, flotation
devices are not allowed to approach work areas of divers.
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2.14.5.8 When divers are lowered
into water by cranes or other lifting equipment, these lifting equipment must
not be used for any other purpose while lifting, lowering divers.
NOTE 1: See 2.4 for regulations on
the use of lifting equipment.
NOTE 2: Operation of lifting
equipment must be coordinated by assisting individuals.
2.14.5.9 If divers descend from
vessels or other motorized flotation devices, precautions must be taken to
prevent danger to divers caused by propellers and rudders and underwater
electrical discharge.
2.14.5.10 During underwater rescue
and salvaging operations, do not lift or pull underwater objects until divers
have communicated the following information:
a) The objects being salvages have
been secured properly;
b) The divers have moved to a safe
location and have fulfilled all safety conditions to allow the objects to be
salvaged safely.
2.14.5.11 Divers must be brought to
the surface when:
a) Signal transmitted by divers is
unclear;
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2.14.5.12 Do not throw, drop, or
move any objects into water where divers are working.
2.14.5.13 If divers ascend too
fast:
a) Signal lines and air supply lines
must be retrieved quickly together with the divers;
b) As soon as the reach the surface,
divers must take another dive and wait for an appropriate amount of time before
they can resurface again (in order to reduce decompression effect).
2.14.5.14 Divers must be brought to
the surface slowly and in stages according to diving procedures approved by
employers for the purpose of safety assurance.
2.14.6 Underwater blasting
2.14.6.1 The storage, transport,
and use of explosive substances, explosives, and attachments, removal of
explosive substances, and other tasks relating to construction work that
involves explosive substances must conform to regulations and law on management
and use of weapons, explosive ordnance, explosive precursors, and combat gears,
relevant national technical regulations, and regulations under 2.17.
2.14.6.2 Underwater blasting must
be done under supervision of competent individuals (see 2.14.1.1) or competent
underwater blasting experts in accordance with regulations on management and
use of weapons, explosive ordnance, explosive precursors, and combat gears.
2.14.6.3 Explosives substances and
detonators for underwater blasting must be selected, designed, and manufactured
in a way so that they cannot be infiltrated by water during use.
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2.14.6.5 Electrical wires and
fuses must be protected from damage by waves and current.
2.14.6.6 Electrical wires must be
insulated and contain 2 cable cores.
2.14.6.7 Insulated materials and
components of joints in electrical wires must be waterproof.
2.14.6.8 Employers must adopt
preventive measures to keep divers safe from risks such as:
a) Detonating equipment is jammed or
damaged;
b) Electrical wires or fuses are
pulled, bent, twisted;
c) Air supply lines or lanyards of
divers are tangled or stuck into detonating cords, fuses, or blocks of
explosives.
2.14.6.9 Blocks of explosives and
their detonators must be prepared beforehand above the water.
2.14.6.10 Detonating cords must be
held in place at the blasting location by fastening with heavy objects or other
appropriate measures.
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2.14.6.12 Detonating cords shall
only be used only one and each detonating cord shall only have one detonating
switch (trigger).
2.14.6.13 Do not detonate before
the followings have been checked to make sure that:
a) Divers have got out of the water
and evacuated out of danger zones;
b) Blocks of explosives are not
accidentally displaced from intended position by divers;
c) All personnel and flotation
devices have evacuated out of danger zones;
d) All preventive and rescue
measures have been taken.
2.14.7 Underwater metal welding and
cutting
2.14.7.1 Only divers who have
received training in underwater welding and cutting (hereinafter referred to as
“underwater welders”) are allowed to perform these tasks.
2.14.7.2 Equipment used for
underwater welding and cutting must be inspected for safety in accordance with
regulations of competent authorities.
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2.14.7.4 When welding or cutting
with oxygen and liquefied fuel (gasoline or other fuel), preventive measures
must be taken to prevent surface fire caused by fuel escaping from the burner.
2.14.7.5 Fuel containers must be
manufactured, transported, and used in accordance with relevant requirements
under 2.1.8, 2.18.4, and other relevant regulations of this document pertaining
to preservation, use, and treatment of flammable substances and toxic
substances.
2.14.7.6 Uniform, helmets, and
gloves of underwater welders when performing photoelectric welding and cutting
must be insulated.
2.14.7.7 Direct current is
required for underwater welding, cutting except for force majeure.
2.14.7.8 Assisting individuals
must cut power supply of welding equipment as soon as the equipment
malfunctions or shows signs of malfunction or in case of emergency.
2.14.7.9 Electrical wires,
electrical connectors, electrode and electrode holders must be insulated by
waterproof materials.
2.14.7.10 Electrodes shall only be
changed if their holders are damaged and assisting individuals have informed
underwater welders about the damaging of the electrode holders.
2.15 Structure demolition
2.15.1 General provisions
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2.15.1.2 The following tasks are
required for the purpose of demolition:
a) Surveying and collecting of
information pertaining to structural solutions, connecting structural elements,
as-built drawings, and/or detail construction drawings;
NOTE: If design drawings and
as-built drawings of existing structures are not available, individuals issuing
decision on demolition or demolition contractors are responsible for organizing
(and implementing if eligible) the development of outline, survey, and
structure condition dossiers, including information on adjustment, replacement
of occupancy or structure if possible (even during renovation, repair, upgrade).
b) Surveying and collecting of
information on dangerous substances and chemicals present in the construction
sites; existing technical systems to identify hazardous and dangerous factors;
c) Identifying and evaluating risk
of collapse of structures and structural elements during demolition;
NOTE: When surveying structures, pay
special attention to geography conditions (soil foundation) where the
structures are located, conditions of roof structures (struts, girders,
floors), type of structures used as primary load bearing structures (pillars,
walls, girders, and other primary load bearing structures).
d) Surveying and identifying of
location of medical, telecommunication, industrial production facilities, and
other facilities which utilize equipment sensitive to vibration, dust, and
noise;
dd) Designing demolition (include
detail information on demolition procedures and methods), safety assurance
plans and solutions.
NOTE 1: Safety assurance solutions
following demolition must take into account relevant factors which include but
are not limited to: Implementation solutions and procedures; the use of
machinery, equipment, instruments; cover solutions; temporary supporting
structures; scaffolds and other means of access; hygiene and environment solutions,
and other details relating to human safety assurance. Dangerous factors must be
identified and dealt with accordingly.
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2.15.1.3 Prior to demolition,
proceed as follows:
a) Examine and verify that no
unauthorized personnel are present at the construction sites;
b) Shut down all electricity,
flammable gas, water, vapour, air sources and supply equipment, and other
supply sources which are supplying the structures to be demolished. If several
supply sources must be used (for example: electricity, water), the supply
sources must be covered for the purpose of safety assurance and persons
assigned to perform security and supervision duty are present outside of demolished
structures.
2.15.1.4 If electricity, water, or
other utilities must be sustained inside the demolished structures during
demolition, they must be protected from damage.
2.15.1.5 Danger zones must be
barricaded, surrounded by guiding and warning signs, and guarded by individuals
to prevent trespassing. Exterior barricades must be firm, at least 2 m high, and
surrounding the demolition sites. Personnel assigned with guard duty must be
stationed at entrances and outside of barricades (even outside of working
hours).
NOTE: See 2.1.1.2, 2.1.1.3, and
2.1.1.4 for regulations on types of danger zones in construction sites.
2.15.1.6 Employees engaging in
demolition shall only perform the assigned tasks. Prior to each shift, employers must
provide specific guidelines for employees regarding contents, procedures, and
solutions for implementing tasks and safety assurance measures. All demolition
tasks must be coordinated and supervised by competent individuals.
NOTE: Competent individuals mean
construction managers, safety managers of contractors or construction
supervisors of project developers (or EPC general contractors).
2.15.1.7 If structures to be
demolished contain dangerous substances and chemicals, implement cleansing and
cleaning procedures; when necessary, employees must be equipped with and wear
appropriate PPE, especially breathing protection.
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a) Implement fire prevention and
firefighting in accordance with 2.1.8;
b) Isolate structures to be
demolished from adjacent existing structures by fire resistant materials;
c) Clean and relocate flammable
materials and substances in the structures.
2.15.1.9 When demolishing
structures, follow the procedures specified under demolition design applicable
to structures and elements with caution so as to not cause loss of stability of
structure sections that are not demolished.
2.15.1.10 In order to prevent
danger caused by the collapse of elements, structures, or the entire buildings,
temporary support must be provided in accordance with 2.3. Temporary supporting
structures must suit structure conditions following initial structural safety
evaluation and surveying (specified under 2.15.1.2), conform to structure
demolition procedures and the type of machinery, equipment employed for
demolition.
2.15.1.11 Do not store demolished
elements and structures above structures that are being demolished to prevent
falling hazard caused by wind or other impact such as vibration, collision.
2.15.1.12 To prevent dust, water
the structure sections being demolished or the entire structures if necessary
between appropriate intervals. When watering, pay attention to electricity safety
assurance.
2.15.1.13 Do not demolish
underground walls or foundation structures if they are used as shield against rocks
and soil or support for the structures themselves or adjacent structures. Implement the following
tasks prior to demolition:
a) Fortify, brace, and firmly anchor
adjacent structures or buildings; and/or
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2.15.1.14 Implosion technique shall
only be used when the following conditions are met:
a) Areas around demolished
structures are relatively flat and large enough for tasks relating to
demolition;
b) Equipment and people are able to
move to safe position.
2.15.1.15 Prior to implementing
implosion technique, if load currently supported by the structures to be
demolished is not equal to the design load, to allow a more effective
demolition task, the following tasks can be executed in order as follows:
a) First, reduce load of the
structures to be demolished by removing excess objects and non-structural
elements;
b) Then, weaken structures (reduce
load-bearing capacity) by removing or weaken several load bearing structures. This
task must be calculated and examined thoroughly to ensure that the structures
still retain load-bearing capacity and stability against wind, collision, or
other impact.
NOTE: See NOTE 4 under 2.10.1.1 for
non-structural elements.
2.15.1.16 If explosive substances
are used for demolition of a structure or structure section, employers must
establish danger zones of the blast. Demolition with explosive substances must be done by
experienced individuals and conform to regulations and law on management and
use of weapons, explosive ordnance, explosive precursors, combat gears,
regulations under 2.17, and other regulations under this document.
NOTE: When establishing danger
zones, see regulations under 2.1.1.4.
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2.15.1.18 When using excavators
and/or bulldozers, take into account characteristics and dimensions of
demolished structures and capacity of involved equipment. See 2.5 for the use of
excavators and bulldozers.
2.15.1.19 If wrecking balls are
used for demolition:
a) Danger zones around the
structures must have minimum width from contact point of the wrecking balls to
the structures equal to 1,5 times the height of the structures being
demolished;
NOTE: See 2.1.1.4 for regulations on
danger zones.
b) Wrecking balls must be controlled
to prevent collision against other structures around the demolished structures.
2.15.1.20 If buckets (or hammers)
are used for demolition, danger zones must have minimum width of 8 m from
movement of the buckets (or hammers).
2.15.1.21 During demolition, if
safety assurance measures are not taken to prevent falling hazards, catch
platforms are required along the walls or outer edge of the demolished
buildings. Catch
platform must have minimum width of 1,5 m and minimum live load bearing
capacity of 6,0 kN/m2. In addition, safety nets must also be
installed vertically to prevent objects from bouncing off catch platforms.
2.15.2 Wall demolition
2.15.2.1 Walls must be demolished
storey-by-storey starting from the roof.
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2.15.3 Floor demolition
2.15.3.1 Platforms or walkways
appropriate to characteristics of the floor, standing position and machinery,
equipment position are required for the purpose of safety assurance of
employees.
2.15.3.2 Openings that allow
transport of debris and waste must be barricaded.
2.15.3.3 In regard to floor girder
structure, the order of demolition shall start from auxiliary girders to
primary girders to prevent risk of collapse.
2.15.4 Demolition of metal
structures
2.15.4.1 When cutting or
demolishing metal structures, measures must be taken to prevent the structures
from being twisted, disjointed, or unexpectedly collapsing.
NOTE: Preventive measures must also
be taken when cutting steel reinforcement and steel embedded in concrete
structures.
2.15.4.2 Metal structures must be
demolished storey-by-storey.
2.15.4.3 Metal components and
elements must be lowered slowly.
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2.15.5.1 Do not demolish tall
structures such as pillars, towers, columns (such as: piers, chimneys,
monuments) by blasting or implosion unless surrounding spaces are large enough
to allow demolished structures to fall safely.
2.15.5.2 Employees are not allowed
to stand on top of tall structures.
2.15.5.3 Refuse shall only be
moved when demolition is not being executed or under controlled conditions for
the purpose of safety assurance.
2.15.6 Demolition of structures that
use asbestos
2.15.6.1 When demolishing
structures that use asbestos, employees will frequently make contact with dust
and refuse containing asbestos which can cause health problems. Thus, employers must take
actions and provide PPE for employees (for example: dust masks) when the level
of asbestos dust exceeds the limit value specified by the QCVN 02:2019/BYT.
2.16 Electricity
2.16.1 General provisions
2.16.1.1 All electrical systems
(including appliances, wires, accessories) and related tasks on construction
sites must comply with regulations on construction, electricity, occupational
safety and hygiene, other field-specific regulations, and regulations below.
2.16.1.2 Surveying, design,
construction, installation, testing, inspection, commissioning, management,
use, operation, repair, maintenance, and dismantlement (if any) of electrical
system must:
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b) comply with national technical
regulations on electrical safety and engineering, including: QCVN 01:2020/BCT,
QCVN QTD 5:2009/BCT, QCVN QTD 6:2009/BCT, QCVN QTD 7:2009/BCT, QCVN QTD
8:2010/BCT, Regulation on Electrical Equipment dated July 11, 2006 and other
regulations relating to electrical equipment, PPE, and fire prevention,
firefighting equipment under this document.
2.16.1.3 Before starting and
during the process of installing electrical system, employers are responsible
for examining and implementing safety assurance regulations relating to tasks
under 2.1 and other sections of this document, especially, the following
details:
a) Construction, assembly, and
safety assurance solutions in accordance with national technical regulations on
electrical safety (see 2.16.1.2);
b) Specialized PPE to protect
against risk of electrocution on construction sites;
c) Rescue solutions in case of
accidents or incidents relating to electricity.
2.16.1.4 Electrical appliances and
systems must have dimensions and characteristics appropriate to technical
requirements and their working conditions; and must:
a) have sufficient durability to
work during construction, assembly, and operation;
b) not be damaged (or be protected
from damage) due to water, dust, temperature, or chemicals.
2.16.1.5 Electrical appliances and
systems must be built, assembled, and maintained to prevent external risks of
electrocution, explosion, and fire.
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2.16.1.7 Electricity supply for
electrical appliances must be done by isolators; isolators must remain
functional even in case of emergency.
2.16.1.8 Electrical appliances,
sockets, and outlets must be marked and label to inform purpose and voltage
involved.
2.16.1.9 Areas with electrical
installation must contain informative drawings or guidance pertaining to the
arrangement, installation of electrical appliances and circuits. On construction sites,
electrical circuits and appliances must be identified by labeling or other
appropriate methods.
2.16.1.10 Electrical circuits and
appliances that use different voltage in the same system must be distinguished
by visible signs such as markings, labels, and color-coding.
2.16.1.11 Appropriate measures must
be taken to prevent the electrical system from receiving a current whose
voltage exceeds that specified under the system’s technical regulation.
2.16.1.12 Lighting protection must
be installed for electrical appliances and system depending on actual
conditions on the construction sites, structures, and technical regulations of
electrical appliances as per manufacturers' instructions.
NOTE: See 2.1.10 for lighting
protection requirements on construction sites.
2.16.1.13 Telecommunication lines
must not be placed together with medium-voltage and high-voltage lines.
2.16.1.14 In a flammable
environment or storage of explosive substances or flammable liquid, fire
resistant electrical wires and appliances are required.
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2.16.1.15 On construction sites,
the following warnings and announcements must be placed in appropriate and
visible places:
a) No unauthorized individuals
allowed to enter electrical room or operate, interfere with electrical
appliances;
b) Specific guidelines on sequence
of actions in case of: Fire, first aid, emergency medical care, resuscitation
for electrocuted individuals;
c) Name and method of communication
(address, phone number, or other effective means of communication) of at least
2 persons assigned with electrical safety management task.
2.16.1.16 Appropriate notifications
and warnings must be placed in areas close to or at location of dangerous
electrical appliances.
2.16.1.17 Employers are responsible
for providing adequate guidance and ensuring that all individuals using,
operating electrical appliances know and understand potential danger of
electrical appliances and the use thereof.
2.16.2 Examination and maintenance
2.16.2.1 Electrical systems and
appliances must be examined, tested, or inspected in accordance with 2.16.1.2
and 2.16.3.1 before use.
2.16.2.2 Prior to each shift,
users and operators of electrical appliances must examine exterior and
electrical wire conditions; pay attention wires that are regularly twisted,
bent, or otherwise affected by other physical forces, and only use, operate the
appliances when safety has been guaranteed.
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NOTE: See 2.16.2.8.
2.16.2.4 Prior to performing any
task relating to electrical wires and appliances which are not required to be
powered at all time, comply with the following regulations:
a) Electrical safety managers must
cut electricity then make sure that the electrical wire and appliances no
longer contain electricity;
b) Implement preventive measures
(warning signs, temporary barricades, supervising personnel) to prevent
unexpected electricity supply or activation of appliances;
c) Electrical wires and appliances
must be grounded, accompanied by “Grounding" sign, and protected against
short circuits;
d) Charged components or electrical
appliances operating in the vicinity must be appropriately protected (via
warning signs, temporary barricades, supervising personnel) to avoid unexpected
physical contact.
2.16.2.5 Upon completion of tasks
related to electrical wires and appliances, resupply of electricity must be
done at the command of electrical safety managers who have examined and
verified that short circuit, grounding system, and safety assurance work areas
have been guaranteed.
2.16.2.6 Individuals assembling,
maintaining, and dismantling electrical appliances and systems must be provided
with sufficient instruments and electrical PPE (rubber gloves, cover sheets or
carpets, and other methods) in accordance with 2.1 and safety regulations of
electricity.
2.16.2.7 Electrical wires and
appliances must always be considered to be powered unless thorough examination
has confirmed that they are not powered.
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2.16.3 Testing and inspection
2.16.3.1 Installed electrical
appliances and systems must be examined, tested, and/or inspected in accordance
with regulations and law on electricity, occupational safety and hygiene, and
those of competent authorities. All examination, testing, and inspection results must be
recorded.
NOTE: As per applicable laws, the
list and entries of installed electrical appliances and instruments which
require inspection are specified under Circular No. 33/2015/TT-BCT dated
October 27, 2015 of the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
2.16.3.2 The periodic examination,
testing, and/or inspection must indicate efficiency of electric leakage
protection devices and grounding systems.
2.16.3.3 Pay special attention to
grounding of electrical appliances, maintain continuity of protection (or
cover) of electrical wires, maintain conditions of electrodes and insulation
resistance, prevent physical damage, and maintain connector conditions at
supply sources.
2.17 Explosive substances
2.17.1 General provisions
2.17.1.1 The storage, transport,
handling (processing), and use of explosive substances (explosive ordnance,
explosive precursors, explosive substances) and accessories to perform
detonation (hereinafter referred to as “blasting”); removal of explosive
substances and other tasks relating to blasting must conform to regulations and
law on management and use of weapons, explosive ordnance, explosive precursors,
combat gears, relevant national technical regulations, and this document.
NOTE: Technical regulations relating
to explosive substances include: QCVN 01:2014/BCT, QCVN 01:2015/BCT, QCVN
01:2019/BCT, QCVN 02:2012/BCT, QCVN 02:2013/BCT, QCVN 02:2015/BCT, QCVN
03:2012/BCT, QCVN 03:2013/BCT, QCVN 03:2015/BCT, QCVN 03:2020/BCT, QCVN
04:2012/BCT, QCVN 04:2015/BCT, QCVN 04:2020/BCT, QCVN 05:2012/BCT, QCVN
05:2015/BCT, QCVN 05:2020/BCT, QCVN 06:2012/BCT, QCVN 06:2015/BCT, QCVN
06:2020/BCT, QCVN 07:2012/BCT, QCVN 07:2015/BCT, QCVN 08:2015/BCT and other
technical regulations issued by competent authorities on the use of explosive
substances and explosive devices.
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2.17.1.3 Prior to the blasting,
construction and safety assurance solutions must be approved by competent
authorities in accordance with regulations and law on management and use of
weapons, explosive ordnance, explosive precursors, combat gears; scope of work
and responsibilities of relevant individuals must be displayed in physical
documents.
2.17.1.4 Detonators, fuses,
electrical wires, and other blasting equipment must conform to technical
regulations on management and use of weapons, explosive ordnance, explosive
precursors, combat gears, and relevant national technical regulations under
2.17.1.1.
2.17.1.5 Explosive substances’
original packaging shall only be removed right before use.
2.17.1.6 In order to reduce risk
of safety loss, except for force majeure, blasting must be done:
a) during break time or outside of
work hour;
b) on the ground during daytime.
2.17.1.7 If aboveground blasting
must be done during nighttime, walkways must receive adequate lighting.
2.17.1.8 If blasting may cause
danger to personnel of other organizations or people in adjacent areas:
a) Relevant organizations and
individuals must be informed about preparation time and blasting time;
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c) Measures must be taken to prevent
trespassing to danger zones; guard and supervisory personnel are required.
2.17.1.9 Before loading explosive
substances or bringing explosive substances, all unauthorized personnel must
leave danger zones.
NOTE: Danger zones must be specified
in construction and safety assurance solutions and identified depending on
level of impact of the blast to humans, structures, relevant equipment, and in
accordance with 2.1.1.4. It is necessary to note that vibration can also cause
objects, elements installed or anchored/attached to structures close to blasting
areas to fall.
2.17.1.10 Personnel supervising and
guarding drilled holes loaded with explosive substances or areas where
explosive substances have been planted are required 24 around the clock.
2.17.1.11 Before sending the final
warning signal pertaining detonation time, all people in danger zones must
evacuate to predetermined safe locations when appropriate (according to
approved construction and safety assurance solutions).
2.17.1.12 The final warning signal
must be loud, clear, and unmistakable and sent 1 minute before detonation. After detonation and
safety assurance conditions have been verified by detonation managers, a signal
“Vụ nổ đã hoàn thành và đảm bảo an toàn” (Detonation completed and safety
guaranteed) must be sent.
2.17.1.13 In order to prevent
trespassers during detonation process, the following regulations must be
complied with:
a) Barriers preventing trespassing are
required;
b) Signs that read “Danger -
Blasting area” are required in visible locations;
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d) Notifications pertaining to the
blasting are required in visible locations;
dd) Individuals performing
supervision and guard duty are required around the clock.
2.17.1.14 Do not smoke or use open
flame in blasting area.
2.17.1.15 See 2.14 for underwater
blasting.
2.17.2 Storage, transport, and
handling (processing) of explosive substances
2.17.2.1 Unused explosive
substances must be returned to the original facilities and must be recorded
upon withdrawal from and upon reentry to the facilities.
2.17.2.2 Explosive substances and
detonating devices must be stored and transported separately.
2.17.2.3 Individuals storing,
transporting, handling (processing) explosive substances are not allowed to
smoke or carry lighting equipment that is inappropriate according to fire and
explosion safety assurance regulations.
2.17.2.4 Means of transport
carrying explosive substances must:
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b) have firm wooden or non-shiny
metal;
c) have appropriate structures to
keep explosive substances from falling outside;
d) have at least 2 appropriate fire
extinguishers;
dd) be clearly marked by a red flag
or flag of other appropriate color; be identified by words or other appropriate
methods to inform readers that these vehicles are carrying explosive
substances.
2.17.2.5 Explosive substances and
detonating devices must be transported in specialized containers in whole unit
containers or specialized non-shiny metal containers.
2.17.2.6 Do not transport
different kinds of explosive substances in the same container.
2.17.2.7 Containers must be marked
(or labeled) to inform readers about the exact type of explosive substances
inside.
2.17.2.8 Storage of explosive
substances for long-term use must conform to QCVN 01:2019/BCT and the following
regulations:
a) The storage must be located where
safe for attended structures and areas (occupied by people or close to traffic
vehicles);
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c) The storage must be clean, dry,
ventilated, and protected against mist and frost;
d) The storage must be protected by
secure locks and guards around the clock.
2.17.2.9 In storage of explosive
substances:
a) Only electric lighting fixtures
that are fire and explosion resistant are allowed;
b) Do not store easily flammable
substances or introduce shiny metal objects.
2.17.2.10 While inside storage of
explosive substances or danger zones on construction sites (areas where
explosive substances are transported to), do not:
a) smoke;
b) use matches, open flame, light
bulbs that are not fire and explosion resistant;
c) use weapons;
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2.17.2.11 Do not open the storage
while geomagnetic storm (solar flare) is active or before the presence of
geomagnetic storm.
NOTE: Constantly monitor the
situation, daily weather forecast especially in areas prone to thunderstorm,
tornadoes, and information on geomagnetic storm.
2.17.2.12 If explosive substances
and detonating devices must be temporarily stored outside the storage:
Temporary storage or specialized mobile containers are required in scale
appropriate to the quantity of explosive substances and detonating devices in
accordance with requirements on storage of explosive substances under this
document and under QCVN 01:2019/BCT.
2.17.2.13 Individuals moving inside
storage of explosive substances must wear specialized footwear or use
specialized wrapping to cover footwear.
2.17.2.14 Only competent
individuals entitled to handle (process) explosive substances are allowed to
keep keys to storage, temporary storage, and specialized containers of
explosive substances.
2.17.2.15 Do not use sparking or
shiny equipment and tools (for example: metal lathe) to open containers of
explosive substances.
2.17.2.16 Take measures to prevent
explosive substances from exploding as a result of collision.
2.17.2.17 Do not carry explosive
substances in person.
2.17.2.18 As soon as signs of
geomagnetic storm are identified, employers must evacuate all employees from
storage or use areas of explosive substances to safe locations.
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2.17.3 Disposal of explosive
substances
2.17.3.1 The disposal of explosive
substances must conform to regulations and law on management and use of
weapons, explosive substances, explosive precursors, and combat gears,
manufacturers' instructions, QCVN 01:2012/BQP, QCVN 03:2017/BQP, and other
relevant regulations promulgated by the Ministry of National Defense.
2.17.3.2 Do not burn packaging
materials of explosive substances in kitchens, furnaces, or other confined
spaces. Do
not stay within 30 m radius of burning sites of packaging materials of
explosive substances.
2.18 Harmful factors, first aid, and
occupational health services
2.18.1 General provisions
2.18.1.1 In regard to tasks where
employees face risk of harmful factors (see 1.4.32), employers must take
necessary safety assurance actions.
2.18.1.2 Employers must identify
and classify harmful factors into levels depending on their level of impact on
human health in order to develop safety assurance measures corresponding to the
type of work, use and operation of construction machinery and equipment,
substances, chemicals, and radiation on construction sites.
NOTE: Harmful factors can become
dangerous factors if effective safety assurance measures appropriate to the
type of work and working conditions, environment are not adequately taken.
2.18.1.3 Safety assurance measures
must focus on eliminating or reducing risks of sources of dangerous substances
and chemicals and the followings:
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b) Prevent or restrict direct
contact or minimize impact of harmful factors by using technical solutions,
organization and administration solutions;
c) Solutions for reducing noise and
vibration caused by construction machinery and equipment and construction works
are required;
d) Control emission and distribution
of dangerous substances and chemicals to the environment;
dd) Provide training on accurate
posture (including standing posture), correct methods, or procedures to be
complied with to allow employees to avoid unwanted injuries, accidents,
occupational diseases when they: Lift, pick up, carry, haul heavy objects or
use hand-held devices; work in stationary positions; perform repetitive actions
or tasks;
e) Appropriate protective solutions
for adapting to climate conditions that can endanger employees;
g) In addition, if details under
Points a through e of this section are not appropriate or cannot be implemented
adequately, employers must:
- Train employees about knowledge and skills for eliminating
or minimizing harmful factors;
- Provide adequate PPE and request employees to wear PPE
appropriate to type of work.
2.18.2 Health care for employees
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NOTE: The confirmation of whether
medical facilities (or other medical services) are appropriate and satisfactory
shall conform to regulations of Ministry of Health.
2.18.2.2 Employees must receive
periodic medical check-up and supervision to ensure that their health is
suitable with the task at hand.
NOTE: Periodic medical check-up depending
on the type of work shall conform to regulations of competent authorities
(Ministry of Labor - War Invalids and Social Affairs and Ministry of Health).
2.18.2.3 Employers must:
a) produce plans, monitor and
control working environment in accordance with regulations and law on
occupational safety and hygiene;
b) Prior to construction, inform
employees about all harmful and dangerous factors at construction sites;
provide training to allow employees to avoid risk to their safety and health
which derive from various work on construction sites (including tasks that they
do not perform but are affected by).
2.18.2.4 Employers must provide
occupational safety and hygiene training for employees in accordance with
regulations and law on occupational safety and hygiene; pay special attention
to:
a) Changes related to employees
pertaining to: Work (or task); construction machinery and equipment;
construction technology; construction procedure and solutions; materials,
products, and substances to be used; protective equipment, PPE, and other
changes (if any);
b) Employees who do not work for at
least 6 months on construction sites.
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2.18.3.1 On construction sites,
employers must designate medical sections around the clock to provide first aid
and preliminary treatment for health-related issues of employees faced with
accidents or illness in accordance with regulations on occupational safety,
hygiene, and medical.
2.18.3.2 The establishment of
medical section (personnel and facilities) must be detailed in written form and
with the consent of employee’s representative bodies.
NOTE: See 2.18.3.6 for requirements
of facilities of medical sections.
2.18.3.3 If employees may face
life-threatening risks (such as: drowning, high pressure, suffocation,
electrocution), first-aid personnel must be trained to perform resuscitation,
other first-aid techniques, and rescue procedures appropriate to the type of
occupational accidents.
2.18.3.4 Rescue and resuscitation
equipment must suit the demands. Stretchers must be available at construction sites.
2.18.3.5 First-aid kits must:
a) be prepared at work areas, even
isolated areas such as maintenance walkways (if appropriate), on transport
vehicles, and other construction machinery and equipment;
b) be protected from pollution
brought by dust, moisture, oil, grease, chemicals, and other damaging factors;
c) not contain items other than
first-aid equipment and instruments;
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dd) be regularly examined and
preserved properly by medical managers or first-aid personnel.
2.18.3.6 The requirements for
facilities and human resources of medical sections on construction sites must
rely on the number of employees working in any given shift in accordance with
medical laws and the types of possible accidents on construction sites in order
to prepare appropriate materials and equipment. The medical sections must be kept
under management and responsibility of competent and trained individuals as per
the law.
NOTE 1: Circular No. 19/2016/TT-BYT
dated June 30, 2016 of the Ministry of Health specifies: If the number of
employees is at least 300, stand-alone first-aid and emergency care sections
are required; other requirements on human resources, equipment, and facilities
are also specified under this Circular.
NOTE 2: If employees work underwater
at a depth below 10 m without specialized diving equipment or in high pressure
compressed air environment, decompression chambers or decompression equipment
is required.
2.18.4 Dangerous substances and
chemicals
2.18.4.1 Employers must notify,
publicize, and guide (see 2.18.4.6) to inform employees about dangerous
substances and chemicals (see 1.4.7) present or used on construction sites.
NOTE: Organizations and individuals
designing, manufacturing, supplying materials, elements, products, and
equipment for construction sites must also provide employers with information
on the presence of dangerous substances and chemicals.
NOTE 2: Competent authorities and
occupational organizations must study and inform relevant organizations and
individuals about toxic substances and chemicals recently introduced into use
(or recent discovered) in materials, elements, products, and equipment imported
or domestically manufactured.
2.18.4.2 The transport, storage,
and use of dangerous substances and chemicals on construction sites must comply
with applicable regulations on chemicals, environmental protection, and other
relevant field-specific laws.
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2.18.4.3 The use and disposal of
materials, products, and containers (package, wrapping, box, bottle) of
dangerous substances must comply with regulations and law on environmental
protection, chemicals, national technical regulations, and regulations and law
of competent individuals.
NOTE 1: The list of national
technical regulations on the environment are specified under 1.3.1.
NOTE 2: Safety assurance in the use,
preservation, and transport of dangerous chemicals must comply with the QCVN 05A:2020/BCT
and relevant national technical regulations.
2.18.4.4 Vehicles containing
dangerous substances and chemicals must bear labels which contain information
the substances and chemicals, their characteristics, warnings, safe use
instructions (including solutions and procedures for safe handling in case of
leakage, spill) as per the law.
2.18.4.5 Use instructions and
procedures for safe handling must be complied with in accordance with
manufacturers’ instructions in case of leakage, spill.
2.18.4.6 Notification on dangerous
substances and chemicals on construction sites must be positioned in visible
locations at work areas, on construction sites, and understandable to
employees.
NOTE: The list of substances,
chemicals dangerous and prohibited from use is specified under Appendix of
Decree no. 113/2017/ND-CP dated October 9, 2017
of the Government.
2.18.4.7 The use of dangerous substances
and chemicals in construction work must prioritize methods of delivery other
than spraying (such as brush or roller).
2.18.4.8 If the use of toxic,
volatile substances, chemicals, solvents is required for diluting or painting,
general and localized ventilation is required. If ventilation is not implemented
adequately, breathing protection equipment and other chemical safety assurance
measures are required.
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NOTE 2: It is recommended that
paints and adhesives containing toxic substances and chemicals should be
soluble in water.
2.18.4.9 When using dangerous
substances and chemicals, employees must:
a) avoid skin contact with dangerous
substances and chemicals, especially those that can be absorbed through the
skin (for example: wood preservative chemicals) or can cause dermatitis (for
example: wet cement);
b) perform personal hygiene, wash
clothing and tools after finishing tasks related to dangerous substances and
chemicals.
NOTE: Allergic reaction or
dermatitis caused by certain substances can be minimized by adding other
additives (these additives can be introduced from manufacturing stage; for
example: adding iron sulfate to cement and cement products containing
hexavalent chromium).
2.18.4.10 In regard to carcinogenic
substances and chemicals published by competent authorities (for example:
asphalt, asbestos, some types of heavy oil, and other solvents), strict
measures must be taken to prevent skin contact or inhalation of these
substances and chemicals.
NOTE: In addition to substances and
chemicals published as carcinogens, substances and chemicals which have been
proven to be contributing factors of cancer should also be focused on.
2.18.5 Dangerous, toxic air
2.18.5.1 If work areas of
employees contain dangerous or toxic air, all safety assurance measures
according to regulations and law on occupational safety and hygiene and
relevant national technical regulations must be implemented.
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NOTE 2: Requirements for safety
working conditions in dangerous, toxic air environment are specified under QCVN
34:2018/BLDTBXH and QCVN 03:2019/BYT.
2.18.5.2 Employers must measure
and examine air quality at work areas and establish conditions for entering
work areas with dangerous, toxic air. Equipment and instruments must be installed in areas
containing dangerous, toxic air so that they will issue warnings when air
quality is insufficient as per the law. If air quality is insufficient for
employees to work, employers must take actions then verify safety assurance. Entry
and exit from areas containing dangerous, toxic air must be supervised by competent
individuals in accordance with regulations and law on occupational safety and
hygiene, regulations under 2.18.5.4 and 2.18.5.5.
NOTE 1: Competent individuals mean
construction managers, safety managers of contractors or construction and
safety supervisors of project developers (or EPC general contractors).
NOTE 2: Air quality measurement and
examination must be repeated after appropriate intervals and at least once in
each shift.
NOTE 3: Air quality measurement and
examination must be done by eligible or professionally trained organizations,
individuals as per the law.
2.18.5.3 In regard to confined
spaces and areas with flammable gas: Do not use naked light, open flame, or
perform heat-producing tasks (for example: welding, cutting) unless competent
individuals have examined, processed, and confirmed the safety levels. The measurement,
examination, processing, entry, and exit of confined spaces, areas containing
flammable gas must conform to regulations under 2.18.5.2, 2.18.5.4, and
2.18.5.5. Only non-sparking equipment and instruments, fire resistant hand-held
lights, and safety flashlights are allowed for the purpose of initial
examination, cleaning, and other necessary tasks.
2.18.5.4 Do not enter confined
spaces and areas with dangerous, toxic air unless air quality has been examined
and verified by competent individuals (see 2.18.5.2) to be safe for work and
ventilation has been guaranteed.
2.18.5.5 If conditions under
2.18.5.4 are not fully met, employees shall only be allowed to enter areas mentioned
under 2.18.5.4 when they have provided and worn breathing air supply (or
personal breathing appliances), lanyards and lifelines and other necessary PPE.
Working time
of employees must depend on safe usage duration of air supply equipment and
must be regulated, supervised by employers.
2.18.5.6 When employees are in
confined spaces or areas with dangerous or toxic air, employers must:
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b) assign rescue personnel to
station in work areas or close to openings and open doors (that lead to areas
with quality air);
c) prepare adequate effective means
of communication between employees and rescue personnel.
2.18.6 Risk of radiation
2.18.6.1 Ionizing radiation
2.18.6.1.1 If employees must work in
conditions where they have high risk of exposing to ionizing radiation,
employers must produce safety assurance plans and solutions with strict regulations,
supervise, and ensure safety of employees.
NOTE 1: Employees facing high risk
of exposing to ionizing radiation if they work in nuclear energy industrial
facilities or in structures containing nuclear materials or perform tasks that
involve the use of radioactive sources.
NOTE 2: Specific requirements on
safety assurance, radioactive source, nuclear material, and nuclear device
security must conform to nuclear energy laws.
2.18.6.2 Non-ionizing radiation
2.18.6.2.1 If employees must work in
areas where they are exposed to non-ionizing radiation (especially welding or
cutting tasks that involve flame), employers must provide and employees must
wear appropriate PPE in order to protect the eye, face, skin.
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NOTE: Safety assurance for employees
exposing to ultraviolet ray, electromagnetic field, lighting, and other details
is specific under QCVN 23:2016/BYT, QCVN 21:2016/BYT, QCVN 25:2016/BYT, and
other medical laws.
2.18.7 Working in hot, cold, humid
environment
2.18.7.1 Employees working in hot,
cold, or humid environment may have health issues. In this case, employers are
responsible for adopting adequate preventive measures to protect employees’
health in accordance with regulations and law on occupational safety and
hygiene and:
a) reasonably arrange working time
appropriate to health conditions of employees; especially employees working in
cabins, confined spaces, underwater, or outdoors;
b) guiding and enabling employees to
recognize by themselves early signs of disorder and fatigue;
c) providing adequate PPE for
employees;
d) frequently monitoring health and
providing medical supervision while employees are working;
dd) ensuring adequate human resources,
equipment, and means of first aid and emergency care; organizing first aid and
emergency care training;
e) monitoring health and progression
of occupational diseases of employees.
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2.18.8 Noise and vibration
2.18.8.1 In order to reduce
harmful impacts employees caused by noise and vibration of construction
machinery and equipment, employers are responsible for:
a) prioritizing construction
machinery, equipment, procedures, and solutions that produce little noise
and/or vibration in accordance with 2.18.8.2;
b) arranging reasonable work in
order to minimize employees’ level or duration direct exposure to construction
machinery, equipment, and activities that produce noise and vibration in
accordance with 2.18.8.3;
c) providing employees with PPE (the
types can be used in combination with protective headwear) that provide hearing
protection when noise level exceeds the limit under QCVN 24:2016/BYT and other
regulations and law on occupational safety and hygiene;
d) providing appropriate protective
gloves for employees when vibration exceeds the limit under QCVN 27:2016/BYT.
2.18.8.2 Appropriate and modern
construction machinery, equipment, technical solutions and technologies should
be considered and prioritized to reduce noise and vibration as follows:
a) Use pneumatic or electro-pneumatic
hammer drill (machine, equipment) instead of pneumatic hammer drills;
b) Use remotely controlled rammers
and hammer drills;
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d) Adopt measures for better
supporting or holding manually operated equipment in order to reduce vibration
effect or better reducing vibration while operating machinery and vehicles
(including for seats on machinery and vehicles).
2.18.8.3 Employers must prioritize
reducing duration of employees’ direct exposure to noise and vibration in
operation of the following machinery and equipment:
a) Hammers, drills, air compressors;
b) Hand-held equipment that produces
extreme noise and vibration (for example: nail guns, screw guns);
c) Hand-operated rammers, especially
when used in cold weather.
2.18.9 Dust
2.18.9.1 In order to reduce
harmful impacts on employees brought by dust from machinery and equipment and
during construction process, employers are responsible for:
a) using construction machinery,
equipment, construction procedures, and methods that produce little dust;
b) using equipment or solutions for
dust control, especially fine dust via the use of appropriate dust filter or
humidifying equipment, machinery while maintaining electricity and chemical
safety assurance;
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d) providing employees with
breathing protection (the types that can be used in combination with protective
headwear) when dust concentrations at work areas exceed the limit set under
QCVN 02:2019/BYT; especially areas where toxic dust such as asbestos dust,
silica dust, mineral wool dust, and coal dust are present.
2.18.10 Biological factors
2.18.10.1 In areas containing
diseases or other biological factors such as organisms, microorganisms,
insects, viruses that can cause danger or illnesses to humans, project
developers and employers must take preventive and biological safety assurance
measures which take into account route of infection in accordance with
regulations and guidance of competent medical authorities; and:
a) inform employees about diseases and
dangerous biological factors present on construction sites;
b) designate sanitary areas for use
by employees in accordance with QCVN 01:2011/BYT;
c) adopt specific solutions for
preventing harmful organisms (for example: rats and insects) in accordance with
regulations and guidelines of Ministry of Health;
d) clean and sterilize using
appropriate chemicals and vaccinate employees;
dd) prepare antidote, appropriate
preventive and treatment medicine (especially in construction sites in remote,
rural areas, and areas away from medical facilities);
e) prepare appropriate PPE (such as
clothing, shoes, boots, gloves, protective goggles, hat, protective gear) and
other appropriate preventive measures.
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2.18.11.1 Tasks that require manual
labor to carry, lift, lower, or hold heavy objects have a high risk to cause
safety, health problems to employees. In this case, employers must adopt appropriate
measures to reduce harmful impact on employees such as reducing weight of load
and/or use mechanical construction machinery and equipment to do these tasks.
2.18.11.2 Waste and refuse on
construction sites must be disposed or properly treated, must not be piled up
on construction sites thereby affecting health of employees and the community.
NOTE: Circular No. 02/2018/TT-BXD
dated February 6, 2018 prescribes environmental protection in construction work
and environmental protection report in construction sector.
2.19 Personal protective equipment
(PPE)
2.19.1 General provisions
2.19.1.1 In regard to work areas
containing harmful or dangerous factors or unfavorable working conditions,
employers must provide adequate PPE including clothing, shoes, boots, gloves,
hats, other necessary instruments, equipment appropriate to the type of work, type
of risks in accordance with occupational safety and hygiene laws, and guidance
of competent authorities.
NOTE 1: Specific regulations on PPE
appropriate to various types of work have been mentioned under relevant
sections of this document.
NOTE 2: Circular No. 04/2014/TT-BLDTBXH
dated February 12, 2014 of the Ministry of Labor - War Invalids and Social
Affairs provides guidelines on PPE.
2.19.1.2 The selection of PPE
shall take into account ergonomic principles, conform to regulations and law on
product, goods quality, national technical regulations, and relevant
organizations.
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2.19.1.3 Employers must:
a) provide employees with
appropriate guidance (for example: in form of leaflets) and guide employees to
wear and preserve PPE appropriately;
b) examine and supervise to make
sure that employees wear PPE properly;
c) designate storage of PPE in
accordance with manufactures' instructions;
d) assign managers who have an
adequate understanding about the nature of hazardous, dangerous factors, type
of scope, and capability of each type of PPE. PPE managers are responsible for:
- Selecting and providing employees with PPE appropriate with
safety assurance and health requirements depending on their assigned tasks
(including cases where they are exposed to unfavorable conditions);
- Arranging and making sure that PPE are stored, preserved,
and cleaned properly;
- Sterilizing, disinfecting, performing radioactive
decontamination (if necessary) on a periodic basis; especially PPE used in
areas prone to bacterial, toxic, radioactive contamination.
2.19.1.4 Employees are responsible
for wearing and preserving provided PPE properly; if the PPE are lost, damaged,
expired, or not appropriate with their bodies, employees must inform PPE
managers or employers in order to receive new PPE immediately.
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2.19.2 Types of PPE
2.19.2.1 Depending on characteristics
of the work, working conditions and environment on construction sites mentioned
under 2.19.1.1, employees must wear PPE while paying attention to:
a) Helmets or hard hats to protect
from falling objects, flying objects, and collision with nearby objects;
b) Transparent or shaded goggles,
shields, visors, or other appropriate equipment when the risk of eye or face
injury is present due to: Dust, miniscule objects, or splashing of dangerous
substances and chemicals; extreme temperature, light, or other radiations. Tasks
that regularly cause injury to the eyes or face are welding (cutting) with
flame; cutting tiles, rocks, iron; drilling, chiseling, breaking rocks; driving
nails; mixing concrete, plaster; dismantling formworks; dismantling structures;
c) Appropriate protective gloves and
clothing, protective topical cream for arm and hand application or body
application when working with: Objects or substances with high temperature,
thermal radiation, dangerous substances and chemicals;
d) Appropriate shoes and boots to
protect feet from injuries caused by sharp items and tools, falling objects;
high-temperature objects; dangerous substances and chemicals; when moving on
dangerous, slippery surfaces;
dd) Breathing protection when
ventilation or other measures are not enough for the purpose of safety
assurance of respiration. Breathing protection must depend on characteristics
of working environment such as: Types of dust, smoke, emission, dangerous
volatile substances and chemicals or gasoline, oil vapor in the air;
e) Appropriate air supply or
personal breathing appliances that meet requirements (in terms of air quality,
duration of supply) when working in oxygen deficient environment;
g) Masks, bodysuit, protective
hoods, gloves, shoes, boots, and special aprons to prevent radiation in areas
close to radioactive sources;
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i) Watertight clothing, protective
hoods when working in unfavorable weather conditions (such as: working in the
rain);
k) Separate lanyards and lifelines
(for when work platforms and scaffolds cannot be built);
NOTE: Personal fall and slip arrest
system is specified under QCVN 23:2014/BLDTBXH.
l) Lifevests and rescue equipment in
areas where employees face risks of falling into the water;
m) Clothing, tools, and equipment
that are distinguishable (when working in areas prone to danger caused by
moving construction machinery and equipment) or containing reflective
properties (when working in poorly lit areas);
n) Specialized equipment such as
diving suits, diving masks, scuba tanks, air supply lines, and lanyards for
working underwater.
2.20 Amenities for employees at
construction sites
2.20.1 General provisions
2.20.1.1 Employers must provide
adequate amenities for employees at construction sites, including: Cafeteria,
temporary accommodation, dressing rooms, sanitation areas, cleaning areas, and
other amenities in accordance with regulations on occupational safety and
hygiene, food safety, and general public health protection.
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NOTE 2: Toilets shall conform to the
QCVN 07-9:2016/BXD and QCVN 01:2011/BYT.
2.20.1.2 Drinking water must be
prepared adequately and positioned in convenient, hygienic locations on
construction sites. Water quality must satisfy requirements under 2.20.2.
2.20.1.3 Where appropriate on
construction sites, employers must position and maintain hygiene of the
following amenities (depending on number of employees and working time):
a) Separate sanitation areas for men
and women;
b) Changing rooms must be equipped
with lockers and dryers (if possible);
c) Temporary rest areas for when
work must be suspended due to poor weather conditions.
2.20.2 Water for cooking, drinking
2.20.2.1 Water for cooking,
drinking on construction sites must conform to QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT. If water sources
satisfactory to the requirements are not available on construction sites,
employers must implement water treatment solutions (such as equipping water
filtering and treatment system), send treated water for lab test, and only
allow usage if the water is qualified for use.
2.20.2.2 Employers must provide
appropriate containers for cooking and drinking water and assign personnel
responsible for managing and making sure that:
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b) Drinking water is contained in
enclosed containers with dispensing valves;
c) The transport of cooking and
drinking water on construction sites must be hygienic as per the law;
d) Containers of cooking and
drinking water on construction sites must be cleaned and sterilized
periodically depending on use conditions, environment, and manufacturers’
instructions;
dd) Appropriate means of
communication and announcement is required to prevent employees from confusing water
for cooking and drinking with water not for cooking or drinking.
2.20.2.3 Do not connect supply
system of water for cooking and drinking to supply system of water not for
cooking and drinking.
2.20.2.4 Do not use containers of
cooking and drinking water to contain other toxic liquid as doing so will cause
confusion.
2.20.3 Toilet
2.20.3.1 Toilets must be airy or
properly ventilated;
2.20.3.2 Regularly clean,
sanitize, sterilize, disinfect, maintain, preserve, and promptly repair
sanitary equipment in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions, conditions
of equipment, and number of users.
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2.20.4.1 Do not use shower and
cleaning areas for other purposes. When employees are directly exposed to substances
harmful to the skin such as dangerous substances, chemicals, infectious
substances, allergic substances, grease, oil, or dust, cleaning areas must be
separate from communal shower areas.
2.20.4.2 Adequate number of
equipment serving cleaning and showering must be provided.
2.20.4.3 Regularly clean,
sanitize, sterilize, disinfect, maintain, preserve, and promptly repair
equipment in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions, conditions of
equipment, and number of users.
2.20.5 Dressing rooms
2.20.5.1 Dressing rooms must be
positioned in accessible locations and must not be used for other purposes.
2.20.5.2 Dressing rooms must be
equipped with appropriate instruments and equipment to dry damp, wet clothes
and hang clothes When necessary, position lockers to store protective clothing separately
from casual clothing.
2.20.5.3 Regularly clean,
sanitize, sterilize, disinfect, maintain, preserve, and promptly repair
equipment in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions, conditions of
equipment, and number of users.
2.20.6 Food and drink service
2.20.6.1 Employers must position
hygienic cafeterias where appropriate on construction sites, arrange timetable
in a manner that is suitable with the number of service users.
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2.20.7.1 For the purpose of safety
assurance in case of natural disasters or emergency, employers must prepare
proper refuge areas on construction sites or close to the construction sites.
2.20.7.2 Refuge areas must have
adequate necessary amenities, even when long-term stay is required.
2.20.8 Temporary accommodation
2.20.8.1 Employers prepare
temporary accommodations for employees when:
a) The construction sites are
located where existing accommodations are not available;
b) Employees live far away from
construction sites or where means of transport are not available.
2.20.8.2 Temporary accommodations
for employees must be safe and equipped with adequate amenities for sanitation,
showering, cleaning, and sleeping areas separated based on gender.
NOTE: Areas where temporary
accommodations are expected to be located and the vicinity must be thoroughly
surveyed to avoid risk of flooding, landslide, inundation, or falling objects. Especially
areas in the woods, below or on top of hills, mountains, sloped soil, ramps, or
areas close to river, lakes, sea.
3. REGULATIONS ON MANAGEMENT
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3.2 Transition conditions:
3.2.1 General safety plans produced and
approved before the effective date hereof shall remain effective in accordance
with approved documents.
3.2.2 General safety plans produced after
the effective date hereof must conform to this document.
4. RESPONSIBILITIES OF ORGANIZATIONS
AND INDIVIDUALS
4.12 Organizations and individuals
engaging in construction activities according to 1.1.2 must comply with this
document and are responsible for storing adequate documents relating to safety
assurance details as per the law.
4.2 State authority in construction,
occupational safety and hygiene, environmental protection, medical, management
and use of weapons, explosive ordnance, explosive precursors, combat gears, and
chemicals in central and local level are responsible for organizing examination
of compliance with this document in producing, appraising, approving, and
managing local construction work as per the law.
4.3 State authority in construction,
occupational safety and hygiene, environmental protection, medical, management
and use of weapons, explosive ordnance, explosive precursors, combat gears,
chemicals in local level are responsible for cooperating in promulgating
regulations relating to tasks serving safety assurance of employees working on
construction sites and people in the vicinity depending on natural conditions,
organisms, climate, natural disasters, and the ability to provide medical,
rescue services on a local level.
4.4 Difficulties that arise during the
implementation of this Regulation should be reported to the Science -
Technology and Environment Department (Ministry of Construction).
5. ORGANIZING IMPLEMENTATION
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5.2 When legislative documents, referred
documents, or guiding documents under this document are amended or replaced, the
new documents shall prevail./.