TCVN-5738-2021-Fire-protection-Automatic-fire-alarm-system-Technical-requirement

• Số hiệu: TCVN5738:2021
• Loại văn bản: Tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam
• Nơi ban hành: ***
• Người ký: ***
• Ngày ban hành: Năm 2021

 VIETNAM STANDARD

TCVN 5738:2021

FIRE PROTECTION - AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM - TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

Foreword

TCVN 5738 : 2021 replaces TCVN 5738 : 2001.

TCVN 5738 : 2021 is developed with reference to Standard SP 5.13130.2009 of the Russian Federation.

TCVN 5738 : 2021 is developed by Vietnam Fire and Rescue Police Department at the request of the Ministry of Public Security, appraised by the Directorate for Standards, Metrology and Quality and issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology.

FIRE PROTECTION - AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM - TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

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This Standard provides for technical requirements imposed on automatic fire alarm system installed in buildings and constructions.

This Standard does not provide for technical requirements for automatic fire alarm systems installed in buildings and constructions designed according to special requirements. 

2. Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

TCVN 7568-14:2015 (ISO 7240-14:2013): fire alarm system - Part 14: Design, installation, commissioning and service of fire detection and fire alarm systems in and surrounding buildings.

TCVN 7568-10:2015 (ISO 7240-10:2012): Fire alarm system - Part 10: Point-type flame detectors.

3. Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this Law, the following terms and definitions apply:

3.1

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means a system that automatically detects and indicates the location of the fire. 

3.1.1

“Conventional fire alarm system”

means an automatic fire alarm system that can indicate an area where there is one or more fire detectors.

3.1.2

“Addressable fire alarm system”

means an automatic fire alarm system that can indicate address of each fire detector.

3.1.3

“Intelligent fire alarm system”

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3.2

“Automatic fire detector”

means an automatic device sensitive to fire phenomena (temperature increase, smoke emission, lighting) and transmits appropriate signal to the fire alarm control panel.

3.2.1

“Point detector”

means a detector which is located directly in the protected area and is sensitive to environmental influences according to characteristics of each type of detectors.

3.2.2

“Heat detector”

means an automatic fire detector sensitive to an increase in temperature of the environment where the detector is located.

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“Fixed temperature heat detector”

means a heat detector that responds when temperature of the area where the detector is located reaches a predetermined value.

3.2.2.2

“Rate of rise heat detector”

means a heat detector that responds when temperature of the area where the detector is located rises at a rate exceeding a predetermined value.

3.2.2.3

“Line type heat detector”

means a heat detector that has a line-shaped structure and react to fire factors in the whole area where the cable runs.

3.2.3

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means an automatic fire detector sensitive to particles of solid or liquid products of combustion and/or pyrolysis suspended in the atmosphere.

3.2.3.1

“Ionization smoke detector”

means a smoke detector sensitive to combustion products capable of affecting ionization currents within the detector.

3.2.3.2

“Photoelectric smoke detector”

means a fire detector sensitive to combustion products capable of affecting the absorption or scattering of radiation in the infrared, visible, and/or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

3.2.3.3

“Optical smoke detector”

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3.2.3.4

“Projected beam type smoke detector”

means a smoke detector which consists of two components, light ray transmitter and receiver, or transmitter/receiver and reflector, which will operate if smoke is present between the transmitter and receiver or between the transmitter/receiver and reflector and its concentration reaches the alarm threshold.

3.2.4

“Flame detector”

means an automatic fire detector which reacts to the radiation emitted by flames from a fire.

3.2.5

“Combine detector”

means an automatic fire detector reacting to at least 2 fire phenomena.

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“Aspirating smoke detector”

means a detector which automatically draws samples of air from the protected area through air inlet ducts into the detector via a network of sampling pipes to analyze and detect signs of a fire (smoke, changes in chemical compositions of the environment). Each air inlet duct is considered as a smoke detector.

3.2.7

“Wireless fire alarm system”

means a fire alarm system using radio waves to transmit and receive alarm signals.

3.3

“Manual call point”

means a device that raises a fire alarm manually.

3.4

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means a device that supplies electric power to the fire alarm system.

3.5

“Conjunctive devices”

include components, signal cable and wire systems, and components that form a conjunction between devices of the fire alarm system.

3.6

“Fire alarm control panel”

means a device that supplies energy to automatic fire detectors, other devices in a fire alarm system and fulfill the following functions:

- receive signal from automatic fire detectors, deliver fire alarm signal and indicate the area where fire occurs.

- transmit fire detection signal through the signal transmitter to fire station or/and to automatic fire protection equipment.

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- automatically control operation of other peripheral equipment.

3.7

“Sound alarm”

provides a warning by sound signal to all people inside of buildings and constructions when fire occurs.

3.8

“Light alarm”

provides a warning by light signal to all people inside of buildings and constructions when fire occurs.

4. General provisions

4.1. The design and installation of automatic fire alarm system must comply with requirements and regulations of relevant applicable standards.

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- detect quickly enough to fulfil its intended functions;

- translate the detection signal into a clear alarm signal that will attract the attention of occupants so as for them to immediately take appropriate measures;

- show good anti-interference ability;

- signal immediately and clearly any supervised fault of the system;

- not be adversely affected by any other systems whether associated with it, or not;

- not be rendered partially or totally inoperative by the fire before the fire or phenomenon has been detected.

4.3. A fire alarm system must be reliable and fully fulfil its intended functions without any errors or omissions.

4.4. Any fault affecting a component of a fire alarm system should not result in further faults in the system.

4.5. A fire alarm system includes the following basic components: Fire alarm control panel, automatic fire detector, manual call point, conjunctive devices, electrical power supply. Depending on requirements, the fire alarm system consists of modules, signal transmitters and monitoring equipment, etc.

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4.6.1. Choose smoke detectors with sensitivity suitable for different types of smoke.

4.6.2. Flame detectors should be installed where:

- The flame or heat which is excessive (over 600°C) is produced when fire occurs at the beginning stage;

- The flame is produced in rooms whose ceiling height exceeds the limits at which smoke detectors or heat detectors are installed;

- Other types of detectors cannot react timely when the fire occurs to protect occupants and their properties if the flame speed is fast.

4.6.3. The sensitivity of flame detectors must be equivalent to the emission spectrum of the flame front produced by combustible materials in a protected area.

4.6.4. Use heat detectors in places where the heat is produced mainly at the beginning of the fire and the false alarm may be raised if using other detectors.

4.6.5. Do not install rate of rise heat detectors or combination heat detectors (rate of rise heat and fixed temperature heat) in environments with abrupt temperature swings of exceeding 5°C/min.

4.6.5. Do not install fixed temperature heat detectors in environments that the air temperature in the fire may not reach the temperature at which the detectors react or reach the activation threshold after a long period (exceeding the prescribed fire detection time).

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 4.6.7. If the predominant factor of fire cannot be determined in a protected area, the combination of fire detectors sensitive to different fire phenomena or installation of combine detectors is recommended.

NOTE: A predominant factor of fire is a factor which is detected in the earliest stage of the fire.

5. Fire alarm control panels (FACPs)

5.1. Fire alarm control panels must be set up to automatically check signals transmitted from detectors, fire alarm zones and other devices used in the fire alarm system to eliminate false alarms. It is not permissible to use centers which do not have a fire-alarm function as an automatic fire alarm control panel.

5.2. FACPs must be located where 24-hour supervision is provided. If 24-hour supervision is not provided, FACPs must have the function of transmitting fire alarm signals and faults to the fire control room or place where 24-hour supervision is provided and measures should be in place to protect the FACPs from unauthorized access.

The places where FACPs are located must be equipped with telephones that connect directly to fire and rescue police units or receiving rooms. 

5.3. FACPS must be installed on walls, partitions and desks free of fire and explosion hazards.

5.4. If FACPs are installed on constructions made of combustible materials, these constructions must be protected with steel plates with a minimum thickness of 1 mm or other non-combustible materials with a thickness of at least 10 mm. In this case, the size of the protection plate shall be such that each of its edge does not extend beyond the contour of these FACPs at least 100 mm from any direction.

5.5. The distance between FACPs and the ceiling made of combustible materials shall not be less than 1.0 m.

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5.7. If FACPs are installed on walls, columns of a building or machine stands, the height from the floor to the operational control elements shall be from 0.8 to 1.8 m and meet the requirements of ergonomics.

5.8. Temperatures and humidity measured in places where FACPs are located must comply with technical documents and instruction manuals of FACPs.

5.9. Sound and light signals transmitted in notices about the fire must be different.

5.10. When fitting automatic fire detectors with FACPs, the compatibility of the system (voltages applied to fire detectors, types of supervisory signals, fault detection methods, wire test units) must be noted.

5.11. FACPs for use in conventional fire alarm systems usually have the number of reserved radio channels of at least 10%.

6. Automatic fire detectors

6.1. Automatic fire detectors must be such that they detect fire in a manner that fulfills their functions and technical specifications as prescribed in TCVN 7568-14.

The choice of automatic fire detectors must be based on properties of combustible agents, characteristics of the protected premises and properties of buildings mentioned in Appendix A.

6.2. Fire detectors, when actuated, must flash indicator lights. If an automatic fire detector is not equipped with an indicator light, a fire alarm light must be equipped to replace.

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6.3. The quantity of automatic fire detectors required to be installed in a protected area depends on requirements for detecting fire on the entire are of such protected area and meets technical requirements.

If an automatic fire alarm system is used to control an automatic fire extinguishing system, each location in the protected area must be controlled by 2 automatic fire detectors of 2 different zones or 2 different addresses.

For a building with suspended ceiling, if technical systems, power cables and signal cables are installed in the space between the ceilings, it is required to install a fire detector on the above ceiling.

6.4. Smoke detectors and heat detectors shall be installed below the ceiling or roof of a building. If such detectors cannot be installed on the roof or ceiling of the building, it is permitted to install them on beams, girders and columns or hang them on wires under the ceiling in case the following requirements are satisfied:

- Sloping roof is a roof with a roof slope of greater than 1/8 from the outside of the higher wall’s top plate to the lower.

- A-roof is a roof with a roof pitch of more than 1/8 from the right height to the entire width of the building (applying to both dome or curved roofs).

- Formula for calculation of slope/pitch of a roof:

S  =

H₁ - H₂

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W

- Applied points on the ceiling within 0.9 m from the higher wall are determined.

- Location at which the first fire detector is installed will be any of the applied points. (Except for the triangle area which is under the roof and the triangle areas in the corners of the building with the two sides of 0.1 m from the walls, which are dead-air spaces where air does not circulate and no new air flows in or out of the space).

- Locations and distances of the remaining fire detectors are determined on the basis of the top view of the roof and calculation parameters in the same manner as the flat ceiling.

Figure 1. Methods for locating fire detectors on the building with sloping roof

Figure 2. Methods for locating fire detectors on the building with pitched roof

- In spite of several special cases where fire detectors must be installed near to walls or on walls, it is not permitted to install fire detectors in the dead-air spaces of the building. For fire detectors installed on walls, it is recommended to install them in the areas of not more than 0.1 m to 0.3 m from the roof down.

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Figure 3. Methods for locating fire detectors near to walls or on walls of the building

6.5. Additional point, heat and smoke detectors must be installed in each compartment with a width of 0.75 m and more limited by constructions protruding from the ceiling and a distance of more than 0.4 m.

If constructions protruding downwards from the ceiling at a distance of from 0.08 m to 0.4 m, the automatic fire detectors shall be installed such that they are installed on the ceiling without any protrusions, and the area controlled by a fire detector shall be reduced by 25%.

If constructions protruding downwards from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m with a width of less than 0.75 m, the automatic fire detectors shall be installed such that they are installed on the ceiling without any protrusions, and the area controlled by a fire detector shall be reduced by 40%.

6.6. If the distance from the ceiling to the upper edges of combustible materials, technological equipment and structures of a construction is 0.6 m or less, automatic fire detectors shall be placed directly in the sideline created by such materials.  

When installing point smoke detectors in the rooms with a width of less than 3 m or under a raised floor or above suspended ceilings and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7 m, the distance between the fire detectors specified in Table 1 can be increased 1,5-folds .

When installing fire detectors under raised floors, above false ceilings and in other places inaccessible for viewing, it is necessary to provide possibility to determine the location of the activated detector (for example, they should be targeted or addressable, that is to have the device address, or to be connected to self-loops or must have a remote optical indication, etc.).  The construction of raised floors and false ceilings should provide access to the fire detectors for their maintenance.

6.7. The point, smoke, heat detectors installed on the ceiling, can be used to protect the space below the perforated suspended ceilings, if the following conditions are fulfilled simultaneously:

- Perforation has a periodic construction and its area exceeds 40% of the surface;

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- Suspended ceiling thickness shall not be more than 3 times the minimal perforation cell size.

If one of these requirements is not fulfilled, the fire detectors must be installed on suspended ceilings in the main room, and where necessary, additional detectors should be installed to protect the space behind the suspended ceiling.

6.8. The number of passive type automatic fire detectors installed on one channel of the fire alarm system depends on technical characteristics of the fire alarm control panel but the protected area of each zone shall not be more than 2000 m^2for open protected areas and 500 m^2for closed protected areas. The use of automatic fire detectors must comply with technical requirements, standards and technical documentation of automatic fire detectors published by producers and rely on ambient conditions of the area to be protected.

NOTE:

- Open protected area is an area in which smoke and flame generated in the protected area of the entire zone such as museum, workshop or hall can be seen.

- Closed protected area is an area in which smoke and flame generated in the protected area of the entire zone such as cable cellar, suspended ceiling or separated room cannot be seen.

6.9. In case an FACP does not have the function of indicating the address of each automatic fire detector, the automatic fire detectors shall be installed on one zone allowing control of up to 20 rooms or areas on the same floor with common corridor access but outside each room or area, there must be indicator lights of any fire detector installed in such rooms or areas and they must comply with the requirements of Article 6.8.

If a room has a glass door or glass wall with a common corridor from which can be seen into the room through the glass wall or glass door, it is permissible not to install indicator lights on the outside of that room.

6.10. The distance from fire detectors to the outer edges of vents of ventilation or air conditioning systems must be at least 1 m.

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Placement of fire detectors shall be executed in such a way that nearby devices and objects (pipes, ducts, equipment, etc.) do not interfere with the affecting of fire factors on the detectors, and sources of optical radiation and electromagnetic interference do not affect the detector survivability.

6.11. In case of installation of different types of fire detectors in a protected room, the distance between the fire detectors must be determined in such a way that each location in that room is protected by at least one fire detector.<0

In case of installation different types of fire detectors in a control zone, their placement is done in accordance with the requirements of current standards for each type of a detector.

If the predominant factor of fire is not defined, it is permissible to install combined fire detectors (smoke - heat) or a combination of smoke and heat fire detectors.  In that case the detectors are placed in accordance with Table 2.

If smoke is a predominant factor of fire, the detectors are selected and placed in accordance with Table 1 or Table 3.

When determining the quantity of detectors, a combined detector is treated as a single detector.

In case of installation of combined detectors in a control zone, the distance between these detectors shall be determined according to the predominant factor of fire.

6.12. In explosion-hazard areas, explosion-proof fire detectors shall be used.

In areas with high humidity and/or dust, appropriate humidity and/or dust proof fire detectors shall be used.

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6.13. Point smoke fire detectors

The area controlled by one smoke detector, as well as the maximum distance between the smoke detectors, the smoke detector and the wall, should be determined according to Table 1, but not exceeding values specified in the technical specifications and data sheets for smoke detectors.

Table 1 - Regulations on installation of point smoke fire detectors

Height of protected room (m)

Average area controlled by one detector (m^2)

Maximum distance (m)

Between detectors

From detector to the wall

Up to 3,5

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9,0

4,5

Over 3,5 to 6,0

Up to 70

8,5

4,0

Over 6,0 to 10

Up to 65

8,0

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Over 10 to 12

Up to 55

7,5

3,5

6.14. Projected beam type smoke detectors

6.14.1. Projected beam type smoke detectors shall be used in protected areas with a height of up to 21 m. The distance between the projected beams and the wall must not exceed 4.5 m or less, and between the projected beams must not exceed 9.0 m. For the area with a pitched roof or A-roof, the distance is determined horizontally.

6.14.2. The distance from the beam to the ceiling shall be between 0.025 m and 0.6 m. A beam which is greater than 0.6 m from the ceiling is allowed when the distance between the beams is not greater than 25 % of the installation height of the projection smoke fire detector and the distance between the beam and the wall is not greater than 12.5 % of the installation height of the projection smoke fire detector, then the distance of the projection smoke detector vertically to the highest point of the combustible substance is not less than 2 m.

6.14.3. The minimum and maximum distance between the transmitter and the receiver or the transceiver and the reflector is determined by the technical documentation for specific types of detectors.

The minimum distance between projected beams, from the projected beams to the wall and surrounding objects must be determined in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation in order to avoid mutual interference.

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6.15. Point heat fire detectors

6.15.1. The area controlled by one heat detector, as well as the maximum distance between the heat detectors, the heat detector and the wall, should be determined according to Table 2, but not exceeding values specified in the technical specifications and data sheets for heat detectors.

Table 2 - Regulations on installation of point heat fire detectors

Height of protected room (m)

Average area controlled by one detector (m2)

Maximum distance (m)

Between detectors

From detector to the wall

Up to 3,5

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5,0

2,5

Over 3,5 to 6,0

Up to 20

4,5

2,0

Over 6,0 to 9,0

Up to 15

4,0

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6.15.2. Heat fire detectors should be place with account of exclusion of heat impacts not related to fire.

6.16. Flame detectors

6.16.1. Flame detectors should be installed on the ceilings, walls and other constructions or on equipment to be protected.  If smoke occurs at the initial stage of fire, the distance from the detector to the ceiling must be at least 0.8 m.

6.16.2. Space of the protected area should be determined from viewing angle of the detector, sensitivity to the flame of the specific combustible material, sensitivity and technical requirements under TCVN 7568-10. In addition, fire detectors must meet the specifications specified in the technical documentation published by the producers.

When the protected area is covered by equipment, storage racks or other objects, additional fire detectors must be installed in this area.

6.17. Aspirating smoke detectors

6.17.1. Aspirating smoke detectors (ASD) shall be actuated depending on the sensitivity of the detectors and classified into 3 types:

- Class А - high sensitivity (smoke obscurity less than 0.8 %/m);

- Class В - increased sensitivity (smoke obscurity from 0.8 to less than 2.0 %/m);

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6.17.2. The time for sampling of air from the furthest sampling hole to the fire detector depends on the sensitivity of the aspirating smoke detector and shall not exceed:

- 60s for class A;

- 90s for class B;

- 120s for class C;

6.17.3. Aspirating smoke detectors must be installed in accordance with Table 3, depending on the sensitivity class.

Table 3 - Regulations on installation of aspirating smoke detectors

Sensitivity class of aspirating smoke detector

Maximum height of the protected room (m)

Protection radius of 1 air sampling hole (m)

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30

6,5

Class B, increased sensitivity

18

6,5

Class C, standard sensitivity

12

6,5

Aspirating smoke detectors are used to protect large perforations and constructions such as atrium halls, production buildings, warehouses, passenger terminals, sports rooms, stadiums, circuses, museum galleries, galleries, etc.

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6.17.4. It is permitted to place sampling pipes of aspirating smoke detectors into structures of a building or décor elements, however, functionality of air sampling holes must be ensured. Sampling pipes can be placed above suspended ceiling or under the raised floor with air inlet ducts arranged vertically along the pipes, running through suspended ceilings or raised floor in order that air sampling holes of the sampling pipes must be placed in the space of the protected area. It is permitted to use air sampling holes in the sampling pipes (including through the use of capillary tubes) to monitor the presence of smoke both in the main and in the emanated space (behind suspended ceiling / raised floor). If necessary, it is permitted to use capillary tubes with a hole at the end to protect the hard-to-reach places, as well as air samples from inside the machines, tools, etc.

The maximum length of the sampling pipes, as well as the maximum amount of air sampling holes are defined by specifications of the aspirating smoke detector.

When installing sampling pipes in the locations with a width of less than 3 m or under a raised floor, or above suspended ceiling and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7 m, the protection radius of the air sampling holes specified in the Table 3 may be increased by 1,5 times.

6.18. Line type heat detector

6.18.1. Heat detectors shall be installed below the ceilings or directly on combustible materials.

6.18.2. When installing line type heat detectors below the ceilings, technical specifications must be the same as those of point heat detectors.

If combustible materials are placed on a goods rack, it is permitted to only install line type heat detectors above each layer of the rack.

Line type heat detectors should be installed in such a way that there is no damage caused by mechanical impacts.

6.19. Wireless fire alarm devices

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Wireless fire alarm devices must be verified by a competent authority to check whether they meet ISO 7240-25 standard or an equivalent standard.

7. Manual call points

7.1. Manual call points shall be installed inside as well as outside of buildings and constructions, on walls and constructions at a height of 1.4 m ± 0.2 m from ground or floor level and there must be an empty space in the form of a semicircle with a radius of 0.6 m around the front of each manual call point.

7.2. Manual call points must be installed at visible and accessible positions of exits or stair landings (see Appendix B) If necessary, they can be installed in each room. The distance between manual call points must not exceed 45 m and the distance from a manual call point to the exit of each room shall not exceed 30 m.

7.3. If manual call points are installed outside of a building, the maximum distance between manual call points shall be 150 m and there must be clear signs identifying the locations.  Manual call points installed outside of a building must be waterproof or measures should be in place to prevent them from rain and environmental impacts.  The positions where manual call points are installed must be lighted continuously at nights.

7.4. Manual call points can be installed on separate zones, addresses or on the zone of fire detectors.

7.5. In order to avoid unintended effects on manual call points in apartment buildings and educational institutions, the manual call points with transparent hinged cover must be installed/used.

8. Cable, signal wire and power supply wire systems

8.1. The selection of cables and signal wires of automatic fire alarm systems must comply with relevant applicable standards and codes of practice for installation of electric devices and wires in accordance with technical requirements of this standard and technical documentation of each specific device.

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8.3. Signal circuits of the automatic fire alarm system shall be automatically checked for technical conditions along the length of the signal circuits.

8.4. Signal lines of the automatic fire alarm system must be made of separate wires and cables containing copper cores. It is permitted to use copper core communication cables of the integrated communication network but they must be separated from communication channels.

8.5. Nominal area of copper cores of cables and signal wires should be determined on the basis of the permissible voltage loss of the automatic fire alarm system but should not exceed 0.75 mm^2 (equivalent to 1 mm diameter of the copper core) for backbone cables. It is permitted to use multiple twisted conductors but the total nominal area of twisted copper cores shall be at least 0.75 mm^2. The nominal area of each copper core of the backbone cable shall be at least 0.5 mm^2. Multi-conductor cables can be used under a common shielded layer, but the diameter of copper core of each conductor should be at least 0.5 mm.

Total resistance of signal wires on each fire alarm zone shall not exceed 100 Ω and values set for each type of fire alarm control panel.

8.6. Signal cables used to control peripheral equipment, signal wires connecting fire detectors in automatic fire alarm systems used to activate the automatic fire extinguishing system must be highly heat-resistant (fire resistant signal cables and wires are required to meet a survival time of 30 minutes). The signal cables used to control peripheral equipment can be common cables but measures should be in place to protect them from heat impacts for at least 30 minutes.

8.7. It is not permitted to install signal wires of an automatic fire alarm system and control wires of an automatic fire extinguishing system with a voltage of less than 60 V together with wires with a voltage of 110V or more  in the same conduit, box, bundle or closed channel of the building structure, unless they are separated by incombustible materials meeting a survival time of at least 15 minutes.

8.8. In case of parallel wiring, distance between wires of lighting and electrodynamic lines and cables and signal wires of automatic fire alarm systems must be at least 0.5 m. It is permitted to install these cables and wires at a distance of less than 0.5 m provided that there is protection against electromagnetic blasts.

8.9. In case there is an interference source in a construction or for an addressable fire alarm system, it is mandatory to use anti-interference cables and signal wires. If cables and signal wires are not resistant to interference, they must be threaded onto a grounded metal tube or box.

For conventional automatic fire alarm systems, it is recommended to use cables and signal wires that are resistant or susceptible to interference but threaded onto grounded metal tubes or boxes.

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9. Sound and light

9.1. Sound alarms:

9.1.1. Sound fire alarms must meet the following requirements:

- Alarm signals must be distributed simultaneously in fire compartments/buildings and constructions

- Alarm signals must be clearly heard in all locations in fire compartments/buildings and constructions.

- The sound intensity at all locations must be at least 10 dBA greater than the ambient sound pressure level and not exceed 105 dBA.

The sound alarm signals for sleeping areas must be at least 15 dBA greater than the ambient sound pressure level (provided that the doors are closed).

9.1.2 For areas such as hospitals where patients cannot tolerate stress caused by loud noises, sound intensity and notifications shall be such that alerts are issued to hospital staff and mental distress caused to patients is minimized.

Note: In cases where buildings and constructions are equipped with public sound systems, the sound intensity of these systems should meet the requirements of Article 9.1.1

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9.2.1. Light warning devices shall be located:

- On corridors, emergency exits;

- Where deaf people regularly stay;

- Where the background noise exceeds 95 dBA;

- Noise restriction areas (e.g. operating rooms in hospitals)

9.2.2 Light warning devices installed in buildings and constructions must meet the following requirements:

- They are mounted on the ceiling or wall in an appropriate quantity so that they are visible at all locations in the areas specified in Article 9.2.1;

- When mounted on the wall, the minimum height from the base of the wall to the lamp should be at least 2.0 m;

- Light warning signals shall simultaneously flash;

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10. Power supply and protective grounding

10.1. The FACP of a fire alarm system shall have two independent power sources: One is a 220 V AC source and one is a backup battery.

The voltage tolerance of the AC power supplied to the FACP should not exceed ±10%. In case this voltage tolerance exceeds 10%, a voltage stabilizer must be used before supplying power to the FACP.

A backup battery must provide capacity for at least 24 hours when the device operates in always-on mode and 1 hour when fire occurs.

When using a battery as a power supply, the battery must be charged automatically.

10.2. FACPs shall be grounded for protection. The grounding must satisfy the requirements of the applicable code of practice for electrical equipment grounding.

APPENDIX A

(Informative)

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No.

Characteristics of protected premises

Type of fire detector

A. Production facilities

I. For production and storage of:

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Wood and wood products, textiles, plastics, ready-to-wear clothing, leather, tobacco, fur, and paper products, celluloid, cotton. Synthetic resins, fibers, polymeric materials, rubber, rubber products, synthetic rubber, highly flammable photographic and radiographic films.

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2

Varnishes, paints, solvents, flammable liquids, chemicals, lubricants,  distilleries products.

Smoke, flame

3

Alkali metals, metal powders

Flame

4

Grain powder, compound foods, other foods and materials releasing dust.

Heat, flame

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Paper, cardboard, wallpaper, animal and poultry feeds.

Smoke, heat or flame

III. For storage of:

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Incombustible materials contained in combustible packs, flammable solids.

Heat or smoke

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Rooms with computers, radios, PBX.

smoke

B. Special purpose constructions:

1

Premises for cable installations, for transformers, distributing devices, switch rooms.

Heat or smoke

2

Premises for equipment and piping for the transfer of flammable liquids and oils, testing internal combustion engines and fuel equipment, filling cylinders with combustible gases.

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3

Workshops for automobile maintenance and repair, garages.

Smoke, heat or flame

C. Public buildings and constructions:

1

Audience halls, rehearsal, lecture, reading and meeting rooms, green rooms, make-up rooms, dressing rooms, clothing rooms, repair premises, waiting rooms, rest rooms, corridors, buffer rooms, book storage rooms, archives rooms, space behind suspended ceilings.

smoke

2

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...

...

Smoke, heat or flame

3

Accommodations, patient rooms, goods warehouses, public dining buildings, kitchens. Administrative rooms, offices, machine rooms, control rooms.

Heat, smoke

4

Hospital rooms, facilities of trade, public catering, service, rooms, accommodation hotels and dormitories.

Heat, smoke

5

Museum and exhibition premises.

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...

...

D

Buildings and constructions with large volumes

1

Atriums, production halls, warehouses, logistic centers, shopping malls, passenger terminals, stadiums, sports halls, circuses, etc.

smoke

2

Rooms with computers, radios, PBX, server rooms, Data Centers, customer care centers.

smoke

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...

...

APPENDIX B

(Informative)

Areas for installation of manual call points depending on the purpose of buildings and premises

Specific areas

Areas for installation

1. Industrial constructions, infrastructure and facilities (workshops, warehouses, etc.)

Along escape routes, in corridors, at exits from workshops, warehouses

1.1. Single-storey

1.2. Multi-storey

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...

...

2. Cable constructions (tunnels, floors, etc.)

At the entrance to the tunnel, on the floor, at emergency exits from the tunnel, at tunnel branching

3. Administrative and public buildings

In corridors, lobbies, hallways, on landings, at exits from the building

Bibliography

[3] NFPA 72:2019: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.

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...

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Foreword

1. Scope

2. Normative references

3. Terms and definitions

4. General provisions

5. Design requirements for fire alarm control panels

6. Design requirements for fire detectors

7. Design requirements for manual call points

8. Design requirements for cables, signal wires and control equipment

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10. Design requirements for electrical power supply and protective grounding

Appendix A

Appendix B

Bibliography