VIETNAM
STANDARD
TCVN
7435 - 2:2004
ISO
11602 2 : 2000
FIRE PROTECTION- PORTABLE AND WHEELED FIRE EXTINGUISHERS -
PART 2: INSPECTION AND MAINTANCE
1. SCOPE
This standard provides for
periodic inspection, maintenance and testing of portable and wheeled fire
extinguishers.
Fire extinguishers are a first
line of defence against fires of limited size. They are needed even if the
property is equipped with automatic sprinklers, standpipe and hose, or other
fixed protection equipment.
This standard is not applicable
to permanently installed systems for fire extinguishment, even though portions
of such systems may be portable (such as hose and nozzles attached to a fixed
supply of extinguishing media).
Extinguishers for use on board
aircraft, watercraft and vehicles are outside the scope of this standard.
2. NORMATIVE
REFERENCES
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TCVN 6154: 1996, Pressure vessels - Safety engineering requirement of design,
construction, manufacture - Testing methods
TCVN 6156: 1996, Pressure vessels
- Safety engineering requirements of erection, use, repair. Testing method.
ISO 7201-1, Fire protection- Fire
extinguishing media-Halogenated hydrocacbons - Part1 Specifcations for halon
1211 and halon 1301.
ISO 7201-2, Fire protection-Fire
extinguishing media-Halogenated hydrocacbons - Part2: Code of practice for safe
handing and transfer procedures of halon 1211 and 1301.
TCVN 7435-1(ISO 11602-1), Fire
protection - Portable and wheeled fire extinguishers - Part 1: Selection and
Installation.
3. TERMS
AND DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this
document, the terms and definitions given in TCVN 7435 - 1 apply.
4. INSPECTION,
MAINTENANCE AND RECHARGING
4.1 General
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4.1.2 The procedure for
inspection and maintenance of extinguishers varies considerably. Minimal
knowledge is necessary to perform a monthly inspection procedure as outlined in
4.2. Only competent persons shall service extinguishers, as outlined in 4.3 and 4.4.
See Annex A.
4.1.3 Maintenance and recharging
shall be performed in accordance with the appropriate manual(s), using the proper types of tools, recharge materials, lubricants, and the
manufacturer's recommended and identified replacement
parts.
4.1.4 Extinguishers out of
service for maintenance or recharge shall be replaced at once by spare extinguishers of the same type and at least equal classification
and rating.
4.2 Inspection
4.2.1 Extinguishers shall be
checked when initially placed in service and thereafter should be checked at
approximately 30-day intervals. Extinguishers shall be checked at more frequent
intervals when circumstances require.
4.2.2 Periodic checks shall be
made to ensure that:
a/ the extinguisher is located in
the designated place;
b/ the extinguisher is
unobstructed and visible, with its operating instructions facing outwards;
c/ operating instructions are
legible;
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e/ the extinguisher is full (by
weighing or lifting);
f/ the extinguisher is not
obviously damaged, corroded or leaking and does not have a clogged nozzle; and
g/ where provided, the pressure
gauge reading or indicator is in the operable range or position.
4.2.3 When a check of any
extinguisher reveals a deficiency in the conditions listed as a/ and b/ of
4.2.2, immediate corrective action shall
be taken.
4.2.4 When a check of any
rechargeable extinguisher reveals a deficiency in any of the conditions c/, d/,
e/, f/ or g/ of 4.2.2, it shall be
subjected to appropriate maintenance procedures.
4.2.5 When a check of any
non-rechargeable powder extinguisher reveals a deficiency in any of the conditions c/, d/, e/ or g/ of 4.2.2, it shall be removed from
service.
4.2.6 When a check of any
non-rechargeable clean agent extinguisher reveals a deficiency in any of the
conditions c/, d/, e/, f/ or g/ of 4.2.2, it shall be removed from service and
the medium shall be recovered or destroyed.
4.3 Maintenance
4.3.1 General
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a/ not more than once a year but
not less than six months apart;
b/ at the time of hydrostatic
testing;
c/ when specifically indicated by
an inspection. Maintenance procedures shall be performed in accordance with
4.3.2.
4.3.2 All extinguishers
4.3.2.1 At each maintenance, all
extinguishers shall be subjected to the following:
a/ a check of the seal and safety
device to determine whether the extinguisher may have been used;
b/ subsequent to maintenance,
replacement of the safety device and fitting of a new seal;
c) attachment of a label to the
extinguisher or marking of a label attached to the extinguisher indicating that the required maintenance has been performed.
4.3.2.2 For the balance of the
procedures to be carried out when maintaining portable fire extinguishers, extinguisher types are categorized as follows:
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- Category 2:
stored-pressure-type extinguishers with powder or clean agent as the
extinguishing media;
- Category 3: gas-cartridge-type
extinguishers with water, water with additives, or foam as the extinguishing media;
- Category 4: gas-cartridge-type
extinguishers with powder as the extinguishing media;
- Category 5: carbon dioxide
extinguishers.
4.3.2.3 In addition to the
requirements of 4.3.2.1 a/, b/ and c/, extinguishers shall be maintained in accordance with Table 1.
4.3.2.4 Powder extinguishers
shall be opened for performing maintenance procedure. Caution: Before any powder extinguisher is opened, it shall be
ascertained that, during inspection and
maintenance, the precautions given in 4.3.2.4.1 and 4.3.2.4.2 can and will be
observed.
4.3.2.4.1 Powder extinguishers
shall be opened only in the driest available conditions and for the minimum time necessary for examination, to minimize the effect of
atmospheric moisture on the powder (powder may
absorb deleterious amounts of moisture if exposed to air of high
relative humidity, or if the powder is colder than the
ambient air).
4.3.2.4.2 Mixing or
cross-contamination of different types of powder shall be avoided. Some types of powder are capable of reacting with other types to
produce water and carbon dioxide. This reaction
often does not become apparent until after a delay of weeks during which no
apparent reaction occurs. The water causes caking and, in a closed container,
the carbon dioxide causes a pressure rise that
can be dangerous. Only extinguishers containing the same powder
should be opened and examined at any one time.
Table 1:
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Maintenance
procedure
Category
1
2
3
4
5
1
Examine and verify that the
pressure-indicating device (if fitted) is reading the internal pressure
correctly or, where a device is not fitted, that the internal pressure is
correct. If the extinguisher shows a loss of pressure of more than 10 %, or
more than the manufacturer's recommended maximum loss if less than 10 %,
refer to the manufacturer's instructions for appropriate action.
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x
2
Examine the extinguisher body
externally for corrosion or damage. If the extinguisher is slightly corroded,
or has sustained minor damage, it shall be discarded or subjected to
hydrostatic testing. If heavily corroded or severely
damaged, it shall be discarded.
x
x
x
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x
3
Weigh the extinguisher (with or
without the operating mechanism, according to the
manufacturer's instructions) or use suitable alternative means to check that
it contains the correct mass of medium. Check the mass against the mass
recorded when it was first put into service.
x
x
x
x
x
4
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x
x
x
x
x
5
Where extinguishers are designed to have the operating mechanism
removed, check the operating mechanism and discharge control (where fitted)
for free movement. Clean, rectify or replace if necessary. Protect the moving
parts and threads against corrosion with a lubricant as recommended by the
manufacturer.
x
x
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x
6
Open the extinguisher or
otherwise remove the head assembly. Remove the gas cartridge.
x
x
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(Water with additive, or foam
extinguishers only.) Pour the liquid into a clean container. If evidence of
deterioration is apparent (refer to manufacturer's instructions regarding
specific products), discard the liquid and refill with the manufacturer's specified
liquid. Where the foam concentrate or additive is in a separate container,
check this for leakage. Discard leaking containers and replace with a new
container and charge.
x
8
Clean the inside and outside of
the extinguisher and examine the body externally and internally for corrosion
or damage. If the extinguisher is slightly corroded, or has sustained minor
damage, it shall be discarded or subjected to hydrostatic testing. If heavily
corroded or severely damaged, it shall be discarded.
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x
9
Examine the gas cartridge
externally for corrosion or damage. If the gas cartridge is damaged or
corroded, replace the cartridge as recommended by the manufacturer. Weigh the
gas cartridge and check the mass against that marked on the cartridge. A gas
cartridge which has a content less than the minimum as marked, or which is found
to be leaking, shall be
withdrawn from service or replaced by a cartridge as
recommended by the manufacturer.
x
x
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10
Clean if necessary and pass air
through the vent holes (or other venting device) in the cap.
x
x
11
Examine the branch pipe (where
used) nozzle, strainer and (where fitted) the internal discharge tube and
breather valve, and clean if necessary.
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x
12
Clean and examine the nozzle,
hose and internal discharge tube for blockage by passing air through them;
rectify or replace if necessary.
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13
Examine all washers, diaphragms
and hose, and replace if damaged or defective. If the hose is fitted at the
bottom end of the extinguisher and a diaphragm is used, it shall be replaced.
x
x
14
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x
15
Return the original charge to
the extinguisher, topping up any loss with water, or replacing with fresh
water as necessary. For water with additives, or foam, recharge the
extinguisher in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
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16
Re-assemble the extinguisher in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
x
x
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Examine the horn, hose and
valve assembly, and
clean and replace if not in good condition.
x
18
Perform a conductivity test on
hose assemblies.
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x
Note: In some
countries, where it is judged by a competent authority that the quality control
procedures and reliability of manufacture of certain dry chemical internal
hermetically sealed (welded seal) cartridge-type extinguishers are considered
adequate, the first internal examination only may be delayed from the date of
manufacturer until required by 4.3.2.5
4.3.2.5 In addition to the annual
maintenance specified in 4.3.1 to 4.3.2.4, the maintenance procedures in
accordance with Table 2 shall be performed at intervals not exceeding five
years.
Note 1: Non-rechargeable
fire extinguishers, other than clean agent types, shall be discharged and
discarded not later than five years from their date of manufacture.
Note 2: Non-rechargeable
fire extinguishers of the clean agent type shall be removed from service and
returned to a recycling centre for recovery of the clean agent not later than
five years from their date of manufacture.
4.3.2.6 Clean agent extinguishers
shall not be discharged to the atmosphere but shall be emptied at intervals not
exceeding five years by a method that permits recovery of the clean agent.
Following emptying, the additional maintenance in accordance with Table 2 shall
be performed. When emptied, measures should be taken to minimize any emissions
of clean agents into the atmosphere.
Table 2
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Maintenance
procedure
Category
1
(5years)
2
(5years)
3
(5years)
1
Discharge the extinguisher
completely. After discharge, the zero pressure gauge (where provided) shall
indicate zero pressure, and an indicator (where provided) shall show a
discharged position.
x
x
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2
Open the extinguisher, clean
the inside and examine the body internally for corrosion or damage. If the
extinguisher is slightly corroded, or has sustained minor damage, it shall be
discarded or subjected to hydrostatic testing. If heavily corroded or
severely damaged, it shall be discarded.
x
x
x
3
Examine, as appropriate, the
nozzle, strainer and hose, vent holes (or other venting device) in the cap or
valve assembly, and the internal discharge tube. Clean, if necessary.
x
x
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4
Examine all sealing washers and
hose (if fitted), and replace if defective.
x
x
x
5
Check the operating mechanism
for free movement and clean, rectify
or replace as necessary.
x
x
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6
Re-assemble the extinguisher
and recharge. See 4.4.
x
x
x
4.4 Recharging
4.4.1 All rechargeable-type
extinguishers shall be recharged after any use or when indicated by an
inspection or maintenance deficiency.
4.4.2 When performing the
recharging, the recommendations of the manufacturer shall be followed.
4.4.3 The amount of recharge
medium shall be verified by weighing. The recharged gross mass shall be the
same as the gross mass that is marked on the manufacturer's label. For those
extinguishers that do not have the gross mass marked on the label, a permanent
marking that indicates the gross mass shall appear elsewhere on the
extinguisher.
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Where liquid leak detection
methods are employed, caution shall be exercised to prevent contamination of
the media with the liquid.
4.4.5 Aqueous film-forming foam
(AFFF), film-forming fluoroprotein (FFFP) foam and wet chemical extinguishers
shall be recharged with fresh media in accordance with the instructions on the
extinguisher.
4.4.6 Only the medium specified
on the nameplate shall be used.
4.4.7 One powder shall not be
mixed with, or allowed to be contaminated by, another powder.
4.4.8 Extinguishers shall not be
converted from one type to another, nor shall any extinguisher be converted to
use a different type of extinguishing medium.
4.4.9 The remaining powder in a
discharged extinguisher shall not be re-used.
4.4.10 Extinguishers removed for
five-year maintenance or hydrostatic testing shall be emptied. The powder shall
not be re-used unless a closed recovery system is used and the media separately
stored in a sealed container to prevent contamination. Prior to re-use, the
powder shall be thoroughly checked. Where doubt exists with respect to type,
contamination or condition of the powder, it shall be discarded.
4.4.11 For all non-water types of
extinguishers, any moisture present in the emptied extinguisher shall be
removed before recharging.
4.4.12 Clean agent-type
extinguishers shall only be charged with the proper type and mass of medium as specified
on the nameplate. Halon for recharging shall meet the requirements of ISO 7201.
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4.4.14 Carbon dioxide shall meet
the requirements of TCVN 6100
4.4.15 When recharging water-type
extinguishers, overfilling will result in improper discharge. The correct
amount of liquid medium shall be determined by using one of the following:
- exact measurement by mass.
- exact measurement by volume.
- use of an anti-overfill tube
when provided.
- use of a fill mark, if
provided.
4.4.16 Gauges used to set the
regulated source of pressure shall be calibrated at least annually.
4.4.17 A rechargeable
stored-pressure-type extinguisher of pressure shall be pressurized only to the
charging pressure specified on the extinguisher nameplate. The manufacturer’s
pressurizing adaptor shall be connected to the valve assembly before
pressurizing the extinguisher. A regulated of pressure, set to no higher than
0.2 MPa above the operating (service) pressure, shall be used to pressurize
fire extinguishers.
Warning: An unregulated source of
pressure, such as a nitrogen cylinder without a pressure regulator, shall never
be used, because the extinguisher could be overpressurized and possibly
rupture.
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4.4.18 Only standard
industrial-grade nitrogen or other inert gas with a dew point of -550C
or lower shall be used to pressurize stored pressure powder and clean agent
fire extinguishers. Compressed air through moisture traps shall not be used for
pressurizing, even if this is stated in the instructions on older
extinguishers.
Note 1: For stored pressure
powder fire extinguishers only, compressed air may be used from special
compressor systems capable of delivering air with a dew point of -550C
or lower. The special compressor system shall be equipped with an automatic
monitoring and alarm system to ensure that the dew point remains at or below
-550C at all times.
Note 2: Carbon dioxide may be
used where so specified on the nameplate. Where carbon dioxide is used, it
shall meet the requirements of ISO 6100.4.5 Records
4.5.1 The maintenance company
shall keep records of all extinguishers serviced by their personnel, including
the type of service performed.
4.5.2 The date service was
performed and the identification of the organization and person performing the
service shall be recorded.
4.5.3 Each extinguisher shall
have a tag or label securely attached that indicates the month and year the
service (maintenance, recharging and hydrostatic tests) was performed, and this
shall identify the person performing the service.
4.5.4 Labels recording service
shall not be placed on the front of the extinguisher.
5. HYDROSTATIC
PROOF-PRESSURE TESTS
5.1 General
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5.1.2 If at any time an
extinguisher shows evidence of corrosion or mechanical injury, and is not
discarded, it shall be hydrostatically tested, subject to the provisions of
5.1.3 and 5.1.4.
Note 1: Non-rechargeable fire
extinguishers, other than clean agent types, shall be discharged and discarded.
Note 2: Non-rechargeable clean
agent extinguishers shall be returned to a recycling centre for recovery of the
clean agent.
5.1.3 When an extinguisher
cylinder or shell fulfils one or more of the conditions listed below, it shall
not be hydrostatically tested, but shall be destroyed by the owner or at his or
her direction:
a/ when there exist repairs by
soldering, welding, brazing or use of patching compounds;
b/ when the cylinder or shell
threads are damaged;
c/ when there exists corrosion
that has caused pitting;
d/ when the extinguisher has been
burned in a fire;
e/ when a calcium chloride type
of extinguishing medium has been used in a stainless-steel extinguisher;
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5.1.4 Extinguishers having
aluminium cylinders or shells suspected of being exposed to temperatures in
excess of 1600C shall be removed from service and subjected to a
hydrostatic test.
Note: The
structural integrity of aluminium cylinders or shells is reduced when they are
exposed to temperatures in excess of 1600C. These temperatures may
occur under fire exposure or during repainting operations where oven drying is
utilized.
5.2 Frequency
5.2.1 At intervals not exceeding
10 years, extinguishers shall be hydrostatically tested.
Note: For
non-rechargeable extinguishers, see 5.1.2
5.2.2 High-pressure cartridges or
nitrogen cylinders used for inert expellant gas storage for wheeled
extinguishers shall be hydrostatically tested at intervals not exceeding 10
years.
Note 1: Cartridges not exceeding
5 cm outside diameter and having a maximum capacity of 300 g are exempt from
periodic hydrostatic retest.
Note 2: Where national
regulations specify shorter test intervals, those intervals shall apply.
5.2.3 A hydrostatic test shall be
performed on extinguisher hose assemblies equipped with a shut-off nozzle at
the end of the hose. The test interval shall be the same as that specified for
the extinguisher on which the hose is installed.
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5.3.1 All extinguishers,
cartridges and nitrogen cylinders used with wheeled extinguishers shall be
tested at the factory test pressure.
5.3.2 Carbon dioxide hose
assemblies shall be tested at 10 Mpa (see 5.2.3).
5.3.3 Hose assemblies other than
those for carbon dioxide shall be tested at 2 Mpa or at their service pressure,
whichever is higher (see 5.2.3)
Annex A
(Normative)
COMPETENT PERSONS
A.1 General
This Annex gives an approach to
determining and assuring the competency of persons engaged in the servicing of
fire extinguishers. Alternative methods may be considered in achieving a
satisfactory level of competence.
A.2 Training and experience of a
competent person
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The competent person shall
successfully pass an examination at the end of the training course. The
examination shall be supervised by an independent body recognized by national
authorities.
A.2.2 The training course shall
be run by a manufacturer or other qualified and recognized body.
A.2.3 The competent person shall
attend a refresher course at least every 5 years.
Annex B
(Normative)
PROOF-PRESSURE TESTING
B.1 General
This annex gives a well-proven
approach to proof-pressure testing of extinguisher pressure vessels. While the
possibility of using equivalent procedures is not excluded, alternative methods
should be considered carefully in light of the inherent dangers.
B.2 Test equipment
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Warning: If air or gas is used as
a sole medium for pressure testing, or if all air is not vented from the vessel
prior to hydrostatic testing, failure of the extinguisher vessel will be
violent and dangerous.
B.2.2 The equipment for testing
high-pressure cylinders and cartridges shall be of a water jacket type that
meets appropriate national specifications.
B.2.3 Hose assemblies of carbon
dioxide extinguishers that require a hydrostatic test shall be tested within a
protective cage device.
B.2.4 The equipment for testing
low-pressure types shall consist of the following:
a/ a hydrostatic test pump, hand
or power operated, capable of producing not less than 150% of the test
pressure, and including appropriate check valves and fittings;
b) a flexible connection for
attachment to the test pump provided with the necessary fittings for attachment
to the extinguisher closure;
c/ a protective cage or barrier
for personnel protection, designed to provide visual observation of the
extinguisher under test.
Figure B.1 illustrates a
low-pressure, portable hydrostatic test cage designed to protect service
personnel during such operations to be used for hydrostatic tests of
low-pressure extinguishers but not of high-pressure cylinders. The cage should
not be anchored to the floor during test operations. Such cages can be made by
any metal fabricator.
B.2.5 Drying equipment is
required to dry all non-water types of extinguishers that have passed the
hydrostatic test.
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B.3.1 An internal examination
shall be made prior to the hydrostatic test
B.3.2 The hydrostatic testing of
high-pressure cylinders and cartridges shall be in accordance with the procedures
specified in TCVN 6154:1996 and TCVN 6166: 1996
B.3.3 The test procedures for
low-pressure cylinders shall be as follows:
B.3.3.1 All valves, internal
parts, and hose assemblies shall be removed and the extinguisher emptied.
Note: On some powder
extinguishers (cartridge-operated), the manufacturer recommends that internal
parts not be removed.
B.3.3.2 All powder types of
extinguishers shall have all traces of extinguishing materials removed from
inside the shell before filling with water.
B.3.3.3 On all powder
extinguishers having an externally mounted gas cartridge for creating discharge
pressure, the cartridge (and some cartridge receivers) shall be removed and a
suitable plug inserted into the shell opening at the point of removal.
B.3.3.4 All wheeled extinguishers
equipped with a shut-off nozzle at the outlet end of the hose shall have the
hose (complete with couplings but without the discharge nozzle) removed and
tested separately.
To conduct maintenance or a
hydrostatic test on wheeled extinguishers equipped with a regulator(s),
disconnect the regulator or low-pressure hose from the media container.
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B.3.3.6 Then attach the hose of
the hydrostatic test pump by the flexible connection to the discharge nozzle,
hose assembly, test bonnet or test fitting, as applicable. In the case of
wheeled powder extinguishers, procedures and fittings should be those
recommended by the manufacturer.
B.3.3.7 Then place the
extinguisher in the protective test cage or, in the case of wheeled units,
behind a protective shield before applying the test pressure.
B.3.3.8 Then turn on the water
supply to the test pump and fill the extinguisher to the top of its collar.
B.3.3.9 For extinguishers tested
with their cap in place, the cap shall be tightened slowly while the water
supply remains open. When all of the entrapped air within the shell has been
bled off and after water emerges, the cap shall be tightened fully.
B.3.3.11 Then apply pressure at a
rate of pressure rise so the test pressure is reached in not less than 30s. Maintain
this test pressure for at least 30s. Make observations during this time to note
any distortion or leakage of the extinguisher shell.
B.3.12 If no distortion or
leakage is noted and if the test pressure has not dropped, the pressure on the
extinguisher shell may be released. The extinguisher is then considered to have
passed the hydrostatic test.
B.3.3.13 All traces of water and
moisture shall be removed from all powder and clean agent extinguishers by use
of a cylinder dryer. If a heated air stream is used, the temperature within the
shell shall not exceed 660C.
B.3.3.14 Any extinguisher shell
that fails the hydrostatic test shall be destroyed by the owner or following
his or her instructions.
B.3.4 The testing procedures for
hose assemblies requiring a hydrostatic test shall be as follows:
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B.3.4.2 For powder types, remove
all traces of powder.
B.3.4.3 Then place the hose
assembly into a protective device, whose design will permit visual observation
of the test. Personnel testing the hose assembly should remain a safe distance
away from the hose being tested.
B.3.4.4 The hose shall be
completely filled with water before testing.
B.3.4.5 Then apply pressure at a
rate of pressure rise to reach the test pressure within 1 min. The test
pressure shall be maintained for fully 1 min. Make observations to note any
distortion or leakage.
B.3.4.6 If no distortion or
leakage is noted, or the test pressure has not dropped, or the couplings have
not moved, the pressure shall then be released. The hose assembly is then
considered to have passed the hydrostatic test.
B.3.4.7 Hose assemblies passing
the test shall then be completely dried internally. If heat is used for drying,
the temperature shall not exceed 660C.
B.3.4.8 Hose assemblies failing a
hydrostatic test shall be destroyed.
B.4 Recording of tests
B.4.1 High-pressure types
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B.4.2 Low-pressure types
Extinguisher shells that pass a
hydrostatic test shall have the test information recorded on a durable label. The
label shall be affixed to the shell by means of a heatless process. These
labels shall be self-destructive when removal from an extinguisher shell is
attempted. The label shall include the following information:
- Month and year the test was
performed;
- test pressure used;
- name or initials of person
performing the test, or name of agency performing the test;
- Hose assemblies passing a
hydrostatic test are not required to be recorded.
Dimensions
in centimetres
Details
of cage
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1 hasp on 10cm x 7,5 cm plate
2 piano hinges
3 latches
4 flattened, expanded metal, 1,5
cm thick, of gauge 16-18
5 1,5 cm strip on all edges
6 hasp and latch
7 handle
8 hose opening
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Annex C
(Normative)
OBSOLETE EXTINGUISHERS
The following types of
extinguishers are considered obsolete and shall be removed from service:
a/ soda acid types;
b/ chemical foam types;
c/ chlorobromomethane or carbon
tetrachloride types;
d/ non-rechargeable types more
than 5 years old;
e/ inverting types;
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g/ steel shell types joined by
rivets;
h/ other extinguisher types
regulated as unsuitable or unsafe for use by national authorities.
Annex D
(informative)
HAZARD TYPES
Table D.1 is an example of
specific criteria for selection of the hazard type (see TCVN 7435 -1 for
definitions)
Table D.1
Parameter
Type of
hazard
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Moderate
High
Height of building
Up to
25
Not
applicable
In
excess of 25
Number of occupants
Less
than 15
Between
15 and 250
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Building surface area (m2)
Less
than 300
Between
300 and 3000
In
excess of 3000
Flammable gases (liters)
Less
than 500
Between
500 and 3000
In
excess of 3000
Flammable liquids (liters)
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Between
250 and 1000
In
excess of 1000
Combustible liquids (liters)
Less
than 500
Between
1000 and 2000
In
excess of 2000