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MINISTRY OF
CONSTRUCTION
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SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence – Freedom – Happiness
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No. 12/2018/TT-BXD
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Hanoi, December
26, 2018
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CIRCULAR
national technical regulationS on automobile
garage
Pursuant to Decree No. 81/2017/ND-CP dated July
17, 2017 of Government on functions, tasks, powers, and organizational
structure of Ministry of Construction;
Pursuant to Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated
August 01, 2007 of Government on elaboration to a number of Articles of Law on
Standards and Technical Regulations;
At the request of Director General of Department
of Science Technology and Environment,
Minister of Construction promulgates Circular on
National Technical Regulations on “Automobile Garage”, No. QCVN 13:2018/BXD.
Article 1. Attached to this Circular are National Technical Regulations
on “Automobile Garage”, No. QCVN 13:2018/BXD.
Article 2. This Circular comes into force from March 15, 2019 and
supersedes provisions in the National Technical Regulations on “Urban
underground structure, No. QCVN 08:2009/BXD, Part 2. Automobile Garage”
attached to Circular No. 28/2009/TT-BXD dated August 14, 2009 of Minister of
Construction.
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PP.MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Le Quang Hung
QCVN 13:2018/BXD
NATIONAL
TECHNICAL REGULATIONS ON AUTOMOBILE GARAGE
Table of contents
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Regulated entities
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1.3 Referencing documents
2. TECHNICAL REGULATIONS
2.1 Positioning of automobile garages
2.2 Space and structure planning measures
2.3 Technical systems
2.4 Use requirements
3. Regulations on management
4. IMPLEMENTATION
Annex A. Regulations on dimensions of automobile
garage
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QCVN 13:2018/BXD is prepared by Institute for
Building Science and Technology, approved by Department of Science Technology and
Environment, appraised by Ministry of Science and Technology and issued by
Ministry of Construction together with Circular No. 12/2018/TT-BXD dated
December 26, 2018 of the Ministry of Science and Technology.
These regulations supersede QCVN 08:2009/BXD – Part
2. Automobile garage, issued together with Circular No. 28/2009/TT-BXD dated
August 14, 2009 of the Minister of Construction.
NATIONAL
TECHNICAL REGULATIONS ON AUTOMOBILE GARAGE
1. GENERAL
PROVISIONS
1.1 Regulated entities
1.1.1 These regulations specify compulsory
requirements in preparation, appraisal and approval of construction projects
that involve houses, work items and automobile storage (hereinafter referred to
as “automobile garage") regardless of ownership types.
1.1.2 These regulations specify the primary
contents and requirements regarding positioning of automobile garages in
residential areas, space, structure planning measures and technical equipment
of automobile garages.
1.1.3 These regulations do not apply to
automobile garages where explosive, toxic substance, infectious substance and
radioactive substance transporting vehicles park.
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Terms referred to in these regulations are
construed as follows:
1.2.1
Automobile garage - house
Refers to a construction (or parts of the
houses and constructions) or an open ground used as car park.
1.2.2
Enclosed above-ground automobile garage
Refers to an automobile garage covered externally
by walls.
1.2.3
Exposed parking garage
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1.2.4
Parking ramp
Refers to an automobile garage using a series of
steadily ascending (or steadily descending) platforms or a series of ramps
connecting the platforms allowing the automobiles to get to ground level.
1.2.5
Automated parking garage
Refers to an automobile garage in which the
automobiles are transported to the parking spaces by specialized mechanical
equipment (without operator).
1.2.6
Apartment garage
Refers to an automobile garage whose rooms are
situated within a building of other uses. The section of that automobile garage
that extends out of the area of the building must not exceed 1.5m from the
front of the building and not exceed 6m from the two gables.
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Attached garage
Refers to an automobile garage whose surrounding
walls are the party walls or in contact with the surrounding walls of the
building with other uses.
1.3 Referencing documents
Comply with following referencing documents upon
adoption of these regulations. If the referencing documents are revised or
replaced, the latest version will prevail.
1.3.1
QCVN 06:2010/BXD, the National Technical
Regulations on fire safety for houses and work items.
1.3.2
QCVN 10:2014/BXD, the National Technical
Regulations on construction for access of the disabled to building and
facilities.
2. TECHNICAL
REGULATIONS
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2.1.1 Positioning of automobile garages in
urban residential areas, size of the land thereof and distance from such
garages to other buildings and constructions are specified in Annex A.
2.1.2 An automobile garage conforming to the
requirements of these technical regulations may be built: below ground level,
on ground level or above ground level; a part below ground level, a part on
ground level and a part above ground level; adjacent to or included in
buildings of other uses, in which the automobile garages can be positioned
under these buildings on underground levels, basements, semi-basement or levels
beneath above-ground levels as well as on open grounds with specialized
equipment.
2.1.3 A level is considered to be below
ground level when the difference in height between finished floor level of all
rooms thereof and ground level exceeds half the height of such rooms.
2.1.4 Underground parking garages may be
built including beneath walkways, streets, squares, flower beds, lawns, etc.
2.1.5 An automobile garage may be
constructed adjacent to buildings of other uses, except the buildings listed
under the following fire hazard categories: F1.1, F4.1 and manufacturing
facilities listed under F 5 group, A and B class specified in the QCVN
06:2010/BXD.
2.1.6 An automobile garage may be
constructed within buildings of other uses which have class I or II fire
resistance, have incombustible and non-flammable structural components except buildings
listed under the following flammable categories: F1.1, F4.1 and the flammable
manufacturing facilities listed under F 5 group, fire hazard class and A and B
explosive class (QCVN 06:2010/BXD). Automobile garages may be constructed
within the buildings listed under group F 1.4 regardless of their fire
resistance class. Automobile garages constructed within the buildings
listed under group F 1.3 may only be used to park cars with fixed parking lot
(without separate partition) for each car owner.
2.1.7 Must not park automobiles running on
compressed air or liquefied gas in enclosed automobile garages within or
adjacent to buildings of other uses, or underground.
2.1.8 Minimum safe distance from exposed
parking garages (even when there is a roof) to buildings and constructions of
enterprises (automobile service and repair services, industrial services,
agricultural services, etc.) shall be determined as follows:
a) To houses and manufacturing facilities:
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+ from walls without doorways – no regulation;
+ from walls with doorways – must not be shorter
than 9m.
- Fire resistance class IV of
S0 and S1 grades structural fire hazard:
+ from walls without doorways – must not be shorter
than 6m;
+ from walls with doorways – must not be shorter
than 12m.
- Listed with fire resistance
class and other fire hazard grades (QCVN 06:2010/BXD) – must not be shorter
than 15m.
b) To administrative and service buildings of
enterprises:
- Fire resistance class I, II
and III of S0 grade structural fire hazard - must not be shorter than 9m:
- Listed with fire resistance
class and other fire hazard grades – must not be shorter than 15m;
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2.1.9 Automobiles transporting fuel and
lubricants may only park in exposed parking garages or in separate single
storey buildings whose fire resistance class must not be lower than class II of
S0 grade. Such automobile garages constructed adjacent to the 1 or 2 fire walls
of manufacturing facilities having fire resistance class I or II of S0 grade
(except buildings with fire and explosion hazards A and B) may be allowed to be
used to park automobiles whose gross fuel and lubricants tonnage does not
exceed 30m3.
In exposed parking garages, fuel and lubricant
transporters must be separated into groups of 50 vehicles or less and gross
tonnage of the mentioned substances must not exceed 600m3. Distance
between these groups of vehicles, as well as distance to the parking garages
where other types of vehicles are parking must not be shorter than 12m.
Distance from exposed parking garages for fuel and
lubricant transporters to buildings, constructions and enterprises shall follow
Table 01, and distance to administrative and service buildings of such
enterprises – must not be shorter than 50m.
Table 1.
Regulation on minimum safe distances for exposed parking garages of fuel and
lubricant transporters
Gross
tonnage of flammable liquid, m3
Distance from
automobile garages to buildings, constructions, and between the automobile garages,
m
Buildings and
fire resistance class
I, II
III
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(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
From exceeding 1,000 to 2,000
30
30
36
From 600 to 1.000
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24
30
Less than 600
18
18
24
Up to 300
18
18
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Less than 300
12
12
18
2.2 Space and structure
planning measures
2.2.1 General requirements
2.2.1.1 An above-ground automobile garage
must be constructed no higher than 9 storeys, while an underground automobile
garage must be constructed no deeper than 5 levels (except automated parking
garages).
2.2.1.2 Stacking of automobiles shall be
performed:
- By operators – following
ramps or using conveyor belts;
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2.2.1.3 Automobile garages may be installed
with: work offices for staff and standby employees (ticket inspection and sale
booths, coordinating offices, and security offices), technical rooms (to
allocate the technical equipment), sanitary accommodations, baggage storage,
and rooms for persons with disabilities, public telephone booths and
residential elevators. Necessity, components and areas of those
components shall be designed according to size and features of automobile
garages.
Elevator cabins must be spacious enough to
carry persons with disabilities confined to wheelchairs according to QCVN
10:2014/BXD.
2.2.1.4 Explosion and fire hazard
classification for rooms and buildings used to park the automobiles shall be
determined according to QCVN 06:2010/BXD.
Rooms used to store cars shall have their
explosion and fire hazard class equal to that from C1 to C4 class, car garages
shall have their explosion and fire hazard class equal to that of C class
(except automobiles running on compressed air or liquefied gas).
2.2.1.5 If automobile garages are
constructed adjoining building of other uses, they must be separated with class
1 fire walls.
Automobile garages constructed within the
buildings of other uses must have fire resistance class not lower than fire
resistance class of such buildings and must be separated from the rooms
(levels) of such buildings by class 1 fire walls and fire resistant floors.
Automobile garages may be constructed in
F-1.3 grade buildings with class 2 fire resistant floors. If so, levels for
residents must be separated from the automobile garages by a floor without
residents (e.g. technical floor).
Canopies made out of incombustible materials
must be installed above doorways of automobile garages constructed within or
adjacent to the buildings of other uses (except buildings under F 1.4 grade).
Protruded sections of such canopies must not be less than 1m and distance from
edge of such canopies to the lower edge of windows of houses above them must
not be less than 4m or windows must be made out of incombustible materials.
2.2.1.6 If automobile garages, according to
task design, require service spaces (technical and repair stations, vehicle
inspection stations and the vehicle adjustment, washing stations, etc.), such
spaces must be assigned to a separate building, room or group of rooms for
their respective purposes. These rooms can be allocated within automobile
garages (except exposed parking garages and automobile garages enclosed in
houses) but must be separated from automobile garages by the class 2 fire walls
and class 3 fire rated floors. Entries and exits of these rooms must be
separated from those of the automobile garages.
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2.2.1.7 Noise level of rooms in buildings
with automobile garages must conform to applicable hygiene and epidemiology
laws.
2.2.1.8 With respect to automobile garages
within building of other uses, shared stairwell and shared elevator shafts must
not be constructed within the automobile garages. To ensure function relation
between automobile garages and buildings of other uses, exits of stairwell and
elevator shafts of automobile garages must be constructed in a manner that such
exits lead to lobbies where main exits of the buildings are placed, and levels
of the automobile garages must be constructed with grade 1 protected lobbies
(QCVN 06:2010) with positive air pressure upon fire. If access to the
automobile garages from other levels of the buildings of other uses and vice
versa is necessary, install staircases elevator smoke protection in conformance
with 2.3.3.6.
Access to automobile garages on levels where rooms with
other uses are placed (except rooms specified in 2.2.1.3) or to adjacent fire
compartments is allowed to be made via protected lobbies with positive air
pressure upon fire or via water curtain above doorways on the side of
automobile garages.
2.2.1.9 Must not install shops, stalls,
kiosks, etc. within automobile storage.
2.2.1.10 Ramps, slopes between levels or
specialized lifts (mechanical equipment) must be installed to enable
transportation of automobiles in multistorey car parks.
With respect to spiral ramps, each complete loop is
considered as a level.
With respect to multistorey car parks constructed
with mezzanines, the total number of levels shall equal half of the number of
mezzanines and the area of one level shall equal the sum of area of 2 adjacent
mezzanines.
Types and number of ramps shall be determined based
on the amount of automobiles as follows:
- Up to 100 automobiles: 1
single helix ramp with corresponding sign.
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- Exceeding 1,000 automobiles:
2 double helix ramps. Must not construct entries (exits) from underground and
ground levels to garage locations on the first floor or semi-basement.
2.2.1.12 With respect to enclosed automobile
garages, ramps shared by all of the levels must be separated (quarantined) on
each floor from the garage rooms by partitions, doors and protected lobbies
with positive air pressure upon fire following Table 2 below:
Table 2.
Placement of protected lobbies in enclosed automobile garages
Type of
automobile garage
Fire-resistance
rating of protective structures (fire rated walls), minute, no less
Requirements of
protected lobby placement
Wall
Gates
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El 90
El 60
Protected lobby is
spacious enough to open gates but must not be less than 1.5m
On the ground
El 45
El 30
Not necessary
Doors and gates in fire rated walls and protected lobbies
must be equipped with fire door closers.
With respect to underground singlestorey garages,
protected lobbies are not necessary for ramps that are not used as emergency
exits.
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In buildings that do not exceed 3 storeys, have
class I and II fire resistance of S0 and S1 grade, and total area of levels
(mezzanines) that are linked to each other by ramps that are not quarantined
must not exceed 10,400 m2;
2.2.1.14 Each level of a fire compartment of
automobile garages (except automated parking garages) must have at least 2
separate emergency exits which lead directly outside or to stairwell.
One of the emergency exits may be placed on
quarantined ramps. Walkways along passages of ramps on mezzanines that lead to
stairwell may be considered as emergency exits.
Emergency exits from rooms mentioned in 2.2.1.3 may
traverse automobile storage. Baggage storage can only be placed on the first
level (arrival level) of automobile garages.
Permissible distance from the furthest parking
space to the nearest emergency exits is determined in Table 3.
Ramps in automobile garages, which are also used as
emergency exits, must have sidewalk not narrower than 0.8 m installed on one
side of such ramps.
Staircases used as emergency exits must not be
narrower than 1m.
Table 3. Distance
to emergency exits
Type of automobile
garage
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Between emergency
exits
From the ends of
rooms
Underground
40
20
Above-ground
60
25
NOTE: The length of an emergency exit is
calculated based on axes of walkways and driveways, taking into account
automobile allocation.
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2.2.1.16 When using rooftops as parking
areas for automobiles, the requirements for automobile garages constructed on
regular floors shall apply. Outer layer of such rooftop must be constructed
from such materials whose fire spread is lower than LT1 grade (QCVN
06:2010/BXD).
2.2.1.17 With respect to automobile storage,
its entries (exits) that lead to adjacent ramps or fire compartment, including
rooftops mentioned above (if automobile garage is placed on the roof) must be
installed with measures to prevent the fuel from spilling and spreading in case
of fire.
2.2.1.18 Multistorey car parks must have
rooftop entrances in conformity with QCVN 06:2010/BXD.
2.2.1.19 Protective structures of elevator
shafts must conform to QCVN 06:2010/BXD.
2.2.1.20 With respect to automobile garages
having more than 2 underground levels, each fire compartment must have at least
1 elevator capable of working in “fire service mode” satisfactory to QCVN
06:2010/BXD.
2.2.1.21 Floor coating of automobile garage
rooms must be durable under the impact of oil and speedy-dry (including
flooring machines).
Coatings of ramps and walkways thereon must be
non-slip.
Floor coatings must be made of materials whose fire
spread is lower than LT1 (QCVN 06:2010/BXD).
2.2.1.22 With respect to automobile paths
and storage, height of rooms and gates calculated from the floor to the lower
edge of protruded structures and hanging equipment must exceed height of the
largest automobiles at least 0.2m and must not be less than 2m.
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2.2.1.24 Readings such as those of parking
spots, ramps, paths in automobile garages, distance between automobiles in
automobile storage, including distance between automobiles and structures
prescribed by designers shall depend on types of automobiles, storage methods,
automobile dimensions, handling and distribution of automobiles according to
selected and applied standards.
2.2.1.25 The minimum dimensions of a parking
spot shall be determined as follows:
- Length: 5m;
- Width: 2.3m (with respect to
a parking spot for a person with disabilities confined to a wheelchair: 3.5m).
2.2.1.26 Automobile storage may utilize
partial natural light or no natural light.
2.2.1.27 With respect to multistorey car
parks, slope of levels and drains on each level must be able to prevent liquid
from spreading to ramps and lower levels.
2.2.1.28 Ramps in automobile garages must
satisfy following requirements:
a) Horizontal alignment of straight ramps having
roofs along driveways must not exceed 18%, horizontal alignment of curve ramps –
not exceeding 13%, horizontal alignment of open ramps (without roofs) – not
exceeding 10%.
b) Vertical alignment of ramps must not exceed 6%;
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2.2.1.29 Slope of ramps between levels must not
exceed 6%.
2.2.1.30 Automobile garages for automobiles
running on liquefied gas or compressed air must satisfy additional requirements
for rooms, buildings and constructions according to separate regulations.
2.2.1.31 Automobile storage for automobiles
running on liquefied gas or compressed air must be situated in separate
buildings and constructions having class I, II, III, IV fire resistance of S0
grade.
Automobile storage for cars running on liquefied
gas or compressed air may be situated on upper floors of separate buildings
containing automobiles running on gasoline or diesel.
If ventilation for floors where automobiles are
stored is guaranteed, may situate storage for automobiles running on liquefied
gas or compressed air on floors of exposed automobile garages and automated
parking garages.
2.2.1.32 Storage for automobiles running on
liquefied gas or compressed air must not be situated:
a) In basements and semi-basements of automobile
garages;
b) In enclosed above-ground automobile garages
within buildings of other uses;
c) In enclosed above-ground automobile garages
which have ramps that are not quarantined;
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2.2.2 Underground automobile garages for
cars
a) Required fire resistance class, number of levels
and maximum allowed floor area in one fire compartment shall be determined
according to Table 4.
Table 4. Fire
compartment area and maximum allowed number of levels of underground automobile
garages for cars
Fire resistance
class of buildings (constructions)
Grades of
structural fire hazard
(constructions)
Maximum allowed
number of underground levels
Maximum allowed
area of a floor within one fire compartment, m2
I
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5
3.000
II
S0
3
3.000
b) Working spaces of standby employees and staff
providing services, supplying water and extinguishing fire with pumps,
transformer stations (only applicable to cast resin transformers), baggage
storage and rooms for persons with disabilities may be situated no lower than
the first floor (the topmost floor) of basements of constructions. No
regulations on placement of other technical rooms on all levels.
Rooms mentioned above must be separated from
automobile storage with fire rated walls
c) Must not separate parking areas in underground
automobile garages into individual compartment by partitions.
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e) Entries and exits of underground automobile
garages must be separated from the following buildings:
- To house entrances: 100m
- To waiting rooms of bus
stations, entrances of public commercial and food entities: 150m
- To agencies and factories
serving the people and administrative buildings: 250m
- To entrances of parks,
exhibits and stadiums: 400m
NOTE: The distance from entrances to constructions
may be considered to be reduced to be smaller than values mentioned above if
appropriate technical solutions are adopted to ensure relevant environment and
safety conditions.
f) Floors of levels of underground automobile
garages must have drainage systems to drain water used for firefighting.
Drainage pipes mentioned above must be separate for each underground level.
Drained water may flow to stormwater drainage networks or reservoirs without
partial purification.
2.2.3 Enclosed automobiles on ground levels
for cars
2.2.3.1 Required fire resistance class,
number of levels and the maximum allowed floor area in one fire compartment
shall be determined according to Table 5.
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Fire resistance
class of buildings (constructions)
Grades of
structural fire hazard of buildings (construction)
Maximum allowed
levels
Maximum allowed
area of a floor within one fire compartment, m2
Single storey
buildings
Multistorey
buildings
I, II
S0
9
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5.200
S1
2
5.200
2.000
III
S0
5
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3.600
S1
2
3.600
1.200
IV
S0
1
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-
S1
1
3.600
-
S2
1
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-
V
No regulations
1
1.200
-
2.2.3.2 With respect to automobile garages
having class I and II fire resistance, parking areas for cars may be separated
into individual compartment. Partitions between compartments must have R45 fire-resistance
rating of K0 structural fire hazards; entries to each compartment must be in
chain link forms or have holes not smaller than 300 x 300 (mm) at a height of
1.4 to 1.6m to slide fire fighting equipment and inspect flameproof conditions
of such compartment.
If each compartment has exit that leads directly
outside, may allocate partitions made out of incombustible materials. No
regulations on fire-resistance rating of such partitions in 2 storey buildings
having class I, II and III fire-resistance and in singlestorey buildings having
S0 grade structural fire hazard. With respect to 2 storey buildings, their
floors must be class 3 fire resistant floors. Entries to compartments must have
holes not smaller than 300 x 300 (mm) at a height of 1.4 to 1.6m to slide fire
fighting equipment and inspect flameproof conditions of such compartments.
2.2.4 Exposed parking garages above-ground
for cars
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Table 6. Maximum
allowed area of a floor within one fire compartment
Fire resistance
class of buildings (constructions)
Grades of
structural fire hazard of buildings (construction)
Maximum allowed
levels
Maximum allowed
area of a floor within one fire compartment, m2
Single storey
buildings
Multistorey
buildings
I, II
S0
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10.400
5.200
S1
2
3.500
2.000
III
S0
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7.800
3.600
S1
2
2.000
1.200
IV
S0
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7.300
2.000
S1
2
2.600
800
2.2.4.2 Width of a compartment frame in
automobile garages must not exceed 36m.
2.2.4.3 Must not install compartments; build
walls (except walls of staircases) and partitions preventing ventilation. If
necessary, parking spots for cars may utilize chain link partitions made out of
incombustible materials.
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May use chain link made out of incombustible
materials as doors of external protective structures. If so, ensure ventilation
conditions throughout levels.
To reduce impact of rain, install canopies above
doorways made out of incombustible materials. If so, ensure ventilation
conditions throughout levels.
2.2.4.5 With respect to class IV fire rating
buildings, protective structures of emergency stairwell and components thereof
must satisfy requirements for stairwell of buildings having class III fire
rating.
2.2.4.6 No regulations on smoke extraction
and ventilation systems.
2.2.4.7 With respect to exposed parking
garages, must have spaces to store portable fire extinguishers (on the first
floor)
2.2.5 Automated parking garages for cars
2.2.5.1 Components and area of rooms,
parking spots, figures of automobile garages must conform to specifications of
used automotive storage solutions.
Controlling of mechanical equipment, inspection of
its operation and fire safety of automobile garages must be conducted at the
coordinating offices on arrival levels for automobiles.
2.2.5.2 Buildings (constructions) of
automated parking garages made out of incombustible materials may be situated
on ground levels.
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Automated garages may only be situated adjacent to
buildings of other uses with solid walls having fire-resistance rating no less
than REI 150.
2.2.5.3 One block of an automated parking
garage may contain no more than 50 automobiles and its height must not exceed
28m.
if an automobile garage complex is needed, these
blocks must be separated by class 1 fire rated walls.
2.2.5.4 Each block of an automated parking
garages must ensure accessibility for fire trucks and fire brigade from 2
opposite sides (via glass windows or gaps).
2.2.5.5 With respect to a block of an
automated parking garage, may install exposed staircases made out of
incombustible materials to serve mechanical service systems on all levels.
2.3 Technical systems
2.3.1 General requirements
2.3.1.1 The technical systems of automobile
garages and technical equipment thereof must conform to selected and applied
standard systems, unless otherwise specified in these regulations.
With respect to automobile garages, requirements
for amount of water used for firefighting and ventilation systems shall be
similar to those of warehouses having class C fire hazard (QCVN 06:2010/BXD).
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Cable networks passing through floors must be
positioned in metal pipes or technical boxes having fire-resistance rating not
lower than El 45.
With respect to underground automobile garages,
must use cable coatings capable of preventing flame propagation.
2.3.1.3 Technical systems of automobile
garages situated within or adjacent to buildings of other uses must be separate
from technical systems of such buildings.
If shared technical systems pass through rooms of
automobile garages, such technical systems (except metal water supply, water
drainage and heat pipes) must be separated by construction structures having
fire-resistance rating not lower than El45.
2.3.2 Water supply pipes
2.3.2.1 Number of fire nozzles and minimum
volume of water per spray in enclosed automobile garages must be guaranteed as
follows:
- When volume of fire
compartment ranges from 500 to 5,000 m3: 2 nozzles and 2.5 l/s per spray;
- When volume of fire
compartment is greater than 5,000 m3: 2 nozzles and 5 l/s per spray.
May not install water supply pipes for fire
fighting inside with respect to singlestorey and 2 storey automobile garages
divided into compartments having exits leading outside directly from each
compartment.
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2.3.2.3 With respect to underground
automobile garages with at least 2 underground levels, internal water supply
pipes for fire fighting must be separate for other internal water supply
systems.
2.3.2.4 With respect to underground
automobile garages with at least 2 underground levels, internal water pipes for
fire fighting and automatic fire extinguishing devices must have exposed
sections to whose connectors are valves and check valves attached to connect
with mobile fire fighting equipment when necessary.
2.3.2.5 Amount of water estimated for
external fire fighting with respect to buildings used as enclosed and exposed
automobile garages on ground levels is determined in Table 7.
Amount of water estimated for external fire
fighting of other automobile garages is as follows:
- Underground automobile
garages with at least 2 underground levels: 20 l/s.
- Automobile garages divided
into compartments with each compartment having exit that leads directly
outside: if the number of compartments ranges from 50 to 200: 5 l/s, greater
than 200: 10 l/s.
- Automated parking garages:
10 l/s.
- Exposed parking garages with
up to 200 automobiles: 5 l/s, greater than 200: 10 l/s.
Table 7. Amount
of water for external fire fighting with respect to enclosed or exposed
automobile garages on ground levels
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Grades of
structural fire hazard
Amount of water
for fire fighting outside of an automobile garage, l/s, with volume of
building (fire compartments), thousand m3
Up to
5
Higher
5 to 20
Higher
20 to 50
Higher
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I, II, III
S0, S1
10
15
20
30
IV
S0, S1
10
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20
-
S2, S3
20
25
-
-
V
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20
-
-
-
2.3.2.6 Check valves must be attached to
water distribution network between fire pumps and fire fighting water pipes.
2.3.3 Ventilation and smoke protection
2.3.3.1 With respect to exposed parking
garages, supply – exhaust ventilation system must be installed in automobile
storage to dilute and expel toxic fumes according to selected and applied
standards.
With respect to enclosed automobile garages on
ground levels, mechanical air supply is only necessary for areas which are at
least 18m away from doorways on external walls.
With respect to underground automobile garages,
ventilation system of each floor must be separate from one another.
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2.3.3.3 With respect to exhaust pipes,
install functional fire dampers at positions where exhaust pipes intersect with
fire rated walls.
Pipelines situated outside of intended floors or
rooms partitioned by fire rated walls must have fire-resistance rating of at
least El 30.
2.3.3.4 Install smoke ventilation system to
repel products of fire out of burning floors:
a) From automobile storage;
b) From quarantined ramps.
2.3.3.5 The repelling of smoke must be done
by smoke extractors with powered vents.
Allow natural smoke extraction via windows and
skylights equipped with mechanical mechanism to open transom windows at a
height of at least 2.2m (from floor surface to lower edge of ransom window) and
to open skylights. In this case, total area of open doorways shall be determined
based on calculation but must not be less than 0.2% room area, distance from
windows to the furthest point in such rooms must not exceed 18m.
Automobile garages constructed within buildings of
other uses must not expel smoke through open doorways.
With respect to automobile garages constructed on
ground levels with maximum 2 storeys and automobile garages with 1 underground
level, may install natural extraction vents.
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Required volume of expelled smoke, number of vents
and dampers shall be determined based on calculation.
With respect to underground automobile garages, may
link each smoke area not larger than 900 m2 in each underground
level to one vent.
Smoke extraction from ramps in automobile garages
on ground levels may be performed via holes in external wall and in roofs.
2.3.3.6 Staircases and elevator shafts of
automobile garages must receive positive air pressure in case of fire or having
class 1 protected lobbies producing positive air pressure in case of fire on
any level:
a) In Automobile garages with at least 2
underground levels;
b) When stairs and elevators are connected with
underground and above-ground sections of automobile garages;
c) When stairs and elevators link automobile
garages with above-ground levels of buildings of other uses.
2.3.3.7 In case of fire, whole-building
ventilation must be turned off.
Smoke protection initiating sequences (procedures)
must be followed before starting exhaust ventilation system which precedes
supply ventilation.
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2.3.3.9 Components of smoke protection
systems (ventilation fans, vents, air ducts, valves, smoke extractors, etc.)
must conform to selected and applied standards.
With respect to smoke extraction and ventilation
systems, fire dampers (including smoke dampers) must have gas permeability no
lower than 8000 KG-1.m-1 per 1 m2 of cross
section.
2.3.3.10 When determining basic index of
smoke supply – exhaust ventilation, take into account following inputs:
- Combustion (ignition of an
automobile or fire in auxiliary areas specified in 2.2.1.3) in above-ground
automobile garages on typical floors below, while in underground automobile
garages, on typical floors above and below;
- Geometry of typical floors –
usable areas, intake capacity, areas of protective structures;
- Specific fire load;
- Positions of exit doorways
(opened outwards from burning floors to external exits).
- External ventilation index.
2.3.4 Electrical equipment
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2.3.4.2 Reliability to supply electricity to
consumers of automobile garages shall be classified as follows:
Class 1: With respect to electrical equipment used
as fire protection and fire prevention, including automatic fire detection and
suppression, smoke protection, firefighting lifts, fire alarm systems and
automatic climate control systems in storage for automobiles running on
compressed air and liquefied gas;
Class 2: With respect to electricity supply lines
powering elevators and other mechanical equipment to transport automobiles;
Electricity supply lines powering hands-free gate
opening mechanisms and emergency lighting for parking spots which enable easy
escape at anytime;
Class 3: With respect to other consumers which is
technology equipment of automobile garages.
Power supply cables powering fire prevention
devices must be wired to main switchboard of buildings (constructions) and must
not be used simultaneously to power other electrical equipment.
2.3.4.3 Lightings in automobile storage must
conform to selected and applied standard systems.
2.3.4.4 Lighting instructions below must be wired
to emergency lighting networks:
- Lighting instructions
indicating emergency exits on each floor;
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- Lighting instructions
indicating position of outlets of fire fighting and prevention equipment;
- Lighting instructions
indicating positions of fire fighting valves inside and fire extinguishers;
- Lighting instructions
indicating position of external fire hydrants (outside of buildings or
constructions).
2.3.4.5 Luminous path markings must be
placed in turnaround driveways, positions of slope displacements, on ramps, at
entrances of each floor, in entry and exit doorways on all levels and those
that lead to staircases.
The luminous path markings must be position at a
height of 2 m and 0.5 m from the floor, and can be seen from any straight line
of sight along exit routes and driveways.
2.3.4.6 With respect to enclosed automobile
garages, install power outlets wired to class 1 network at entrances to each
floor to power fire fighting and prevention equipment.
2.3.5 Automatic fire detection and
suppression
2.3.5.1 Automatic fire detection and
suppression systems that are used in automobile garages must satisfy selected
and applied standard systems.
2.3.5.2 With respect to enclosed automobile garages,
install automatic fire suppression systems in automobile storage. To be
specific:
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b) In above-ground automobile garages with at least
2 storeys;
c) In above-ground automobile garages having 1
floor with class I, II and III fire resistance and an area of at least 7.000 m2,
class IV fire resistance of S0 grade and an area of at least 3.600 m2,
class IV fire resistance of S1 grade and an area of at least 2.000 m2,
grade IV constructed out of materials other than those listed under S2, S3 and
an area of at least 1.000 m2; if automobiles are stored in separate
compartments (as specified in 2.2.1.4) in these buildings with more than 5
compartments;
d) In automobile garages in buildings of other
uses;
e) In storage for automobiles transporting fuel and
lubricants;
f) In automobile garages situated under bridges;
g) In automated parking garages. May not install
automatic fire suppression in singlestorey underground automobile garages
constructed on open ground and capable of up to 25 parking spots.
2.3.5.3 Automatic fire detection must be
installed in:
a) Enclosed singlestorey above-ground automobile
garages smaller than specified in 2.3.5.2 c, or having no more than 5
comparments;
b) Rooms specified in 2.2.1.3, except sanitary
accommodations and ventilation chambers.
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2.3.5.4 With respect to singlestorey or 2
storey automobile garages separated into compartments having exits leading
directly outside from each compartment, may not install automatic fire
detection and suppression systems.
2.3.5.5 With respect to enclosed
above-ground automobile garages with at least 2 storeys (except automobile
garages having exits leading directly outside from each compartment and
automated parking garages) capable of up to 100 parking spots must be equipped
with type 1 fire alarm systems, capable of more than 100 parking spots – type 2
following Table 8.
Underground automobile garages with at least 2
storeys must be equipped with following fire alarm systems:
- Up to 50 parking spots: type
2;
- From exceeding 50 parking
spots to 200 parking spots: type 3;
- Exceeding 200 parking spots:
type 4 and 5.
2.4 Use requirements
2.4.1 Exits on each floor of automobile
garages must include clear and visible guiding signs.
To indicate driveways and primary positions (exits
on each floor, positions of fire fighting valve, fire extinguishers, etc.), use
luminescent paint and reflective coatings.
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2.4.3 Automobile garages must be equipped
with initial fire fighting equipment satisfying selected and applied standards.
2.4.4 Specialized flameproof coatings and
anti-osmosis primer on exposed surfaces of structures must be restored
regularly or replaced if damaged (partially or wholly unusable) or based on
expiry date set forth in specifications of such primer and coatings.
Table 8. Types
and features of fire alarm systems
No.
Features of
fire alarm systems
Types of fire
alarm systems
1
2
3
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5
1
Alarm methods:
Sound signals (bells, sirens, etc.)
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+
*
*
*
Voice (recorded tape and radio)
-
-
+
+
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Signal lights
Blinking
*
*
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-
-
“Exits” signs
*
+
+
+
+
Luminous path markings
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*
*
+
+
Luminous path markings for each area
-
*
*
*
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2
Contact between signaling areas and coordinating
offices
-
-
*
+
+
3
Alarm procedures:
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All at the same time
*
+
-
-
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Only in one room (one part of building)
*
*
*
-
-
The first is of serving employees, then of
everyone following separately established procedures
-
*
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+
+
4
Fully automate fire alarm system control and
ability to adopt emergency exit measures from each fire area in consolidation
-
-
-
-
+
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2.4.5 Must not improve or use separate
automobile compartments as repair sections.
2.4.6 Working capacity of fire protection technical
systems (valve and fire hydrants, fire pumps, fire detectors, smoke protection
systems, fire alarm systems, emergency exit closing devices) must be examined
at least once per year and prepared corresponding records with participation of
representatives of fire prevention and fighting agencies.
3. REGULATIONS
ON MANAGEMENT
3.1 Projects on investment, design dossiers
on construction or improvement to automobile garages must include explanation
for compliance with regulations QCVN 13:2018/BXD.
3.2 Appraisal regarding fire prevention and
fighting shall comply with applicable laws and regulations under QCVN
13:2018/BXD. In some specific circumstances, should there be any difficulties,
Ministry of Construction only allows replacement to these regulations provided
technical demonstrations are submitted to Ministry of Construction.
Demonstrations must be able to display new designs which take into account
technical documents (technical standards and regulations) of advanced countries
and said demonstrations must be appraised by Ministry of Public Security.
3.3 Appraisal of automobile garage projects
and design dossiers, inspection, examination and putting construction into use,
maintenance of automobile garages must be based on these regulations and
implemented in accordance with applicable construction investment laws.
4. IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Ministry of Construction shall publicize
and direct the application of QCVN 13:2018/BXD.
4.2 Local regulatory agencies relating to
construction shall inspect the compliance with QCVN 13:2018/BXD in construction
investment and automobile garage management and operation within their
divisions according to applicable construction investment laws.
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Annex
A
Regulations on dimensions of automobile garages
A.1 Land areas of car garages depending on
the number of levels are as follows, m2 per parking spot:
With respect to automobile garage:
- 1 storey: 30m2/parking
spot
- 2 storeys: 20m2/parking
spot
- 3 storeys: 14m2/parking
spot
- 4 storeys: 12m2/parking
spot
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- Above-ground automobile
garages: 25m2/parking spot
A.2 Minimum distance from entries/exits of
automobile garages to intersection of primary roads – 50m; to local streets –
20m; to stops of passenger vehicles – 30m.
Entry/exit driveway of underground car garages must
ensure distance to windows of houses, working spaces of public houses and lands
of schools, kindergartens and health facilities under Table A.1.
Table A.1.
Distance to entry/exit driveways of underground automobile garages
Buildings
(constructions)
Distance, m
From automobile
and exposed parking garages capable of
From service
station capable of
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From 11 to 50
parking spots
From 51 to 100
parking spots
From 101 to 300
parking spots
Up to 10 parking
spots
From 11 to 30
parking spots
House - Window
10**
15
25
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15
25
House – side without window
10**
10**
15
25
15
25
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10**
10**
15
25
15
20
Schools, kindergartens
15
25
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50
50
*
Health facilities with nursing rooms
25
50
*
*
50
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Note: * Shall be determined based on agreement
with regulatory agencies on infectious diseases sanitation and hygiene.
** With respect to automobile garages having class
III to V fire resistance, the distance must not be less than 12m.
NOTE:
1. The
distance is calculated from windows of houses, public buildings and from
boundaries of lands of schools, kindergartens and health facilities to walls of
automobile garages or boundaries of exposed parking garages.
2. The
distance from house blocks to exposed parking garages capable of from 101 to
300 automobiles aligned along the length of such houses must not be less than
50m.
3. With
respect to automobile garages having class I and II fire resistance, the
distance specified in Table A.1 may be reduced by 25% in automobile garages
without windows that can be opened or when entrances thereof are on the same
side as houses, public buildings.
4. Automobile
garages and exposed parking garages for cars capable of exceeding 300
automobiles and service stations capable of exceeding 30 spots must be
situated outside of residential areas above and must be at least 50m away
from houses.
5. With
respect to automobile garages capable of exceeding 10 automobiles specified
in Table A.1, the allowed distance must comply with regulations.
6. With
respect to singlestorey automobile garage separated into compartments owned
by people, may install ramps.