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CHÍNH
PHỦ
-------
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CỘNG
HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM
Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc
---------------
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Số:
93/NQ-CP
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Hà Nội, ngày 31 tháng 10 năm 2016
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NGHỊ
QUYẾT
VỀ
VIỆC PHÊ DUYỆT THỎA THUẬN PARIS THỰC HIỆN CÔNG ƯỚC KHUNG CỦA LIÊN HỢP QUỐC VỀ
BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU
CHÍNH PHỦ
Căn cứ Luật
Tổ chức Chính phủ ngày 19 tháng 6 năm 2015;
Căn cứ Luật
điều ước quốc tế ngày 09 tháng 4 năm 2016;
Xét đề nghị của Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi
trường tại Tờ trình số 302/TTr-BTNMT-m ngày 10 tháng 10 năm
2016,
QUYẾT NGHỊ:
Điều 1. Phê
duyệt Thỏa thuận Paris thực hiện Công ước khung của Liên hợp quốc về biến đổi
khí hậu.
Điều 2. Giao Bộ Ngoại giao thực hiện các thủ tục đệ trình văn bản
phê duyệt Thỏa thuận Paris về biến đổi khí hậu theo quy định của Luật Điều ước
quốc tế.
Điều 3. Giao Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường chủ trì, phối hợp với các Bộ,
ngành liên quan và các địa phương triển khai thực hiện và phổ biến rộng rãi Thỏa
thuận Paris ngay sau khi văn kiện có hiệu lực./.
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Nơi nhận:
-
TTg, các PTTg;
- Các Bộ, các cơ quan ngang Bộ, cơ quan thuộc Chính phủ;
- UBND các tỉnh, thành phố trực thuộc TW;
- VPCP: BTCN, các PCN, Trợ lý TTgCP, các Vụ: PL, TH;
- Lưu: VT, QHQT (3).AT.
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TM.
CHÍNH PHỦ
THỦ TƯỚNG
Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
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United Nations
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FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1
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Framework convention on
Climate Change
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Distr.: Limited
12 December 2015
Original: English
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Conference of
the Parties
Twenty-first
session
Paris, 30
November to 11 December 2015
Agenda
item 4(b)
Durban
Platform for Enhanced Action (decision 1/CP.17)
Adoption of a protocol, another legal instrument, or an
agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention
applicable to all Parties
ADOPTION
OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT
Proposal by
the President
Draft
decision -/CP.21
The Conference of
the Parties,
Recalling decision
1/CP.17 on the establishment of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform
for Enhanced Action,
Also
recalling Articles
2, 3 and 4 of the Convention,
Further
recalling relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including
decisions 1/CP.16, 2/CP.18, 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20,
Welcoming the adoption
of United Nations General Assembly resolution A/RES/70/1, “Transforming our
world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in particular its goal 13,
and the adoption of the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the third International
Conference on Financing for Development and the adoption of the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction,
Recognizing that climate
change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human
societies and the planet and thus requires the widest possible cooperation by all
countries, and their participation in an effective and appropriate international
response, with a view to accelerating the reduction of global greenhouse gas
emissions,
Also
recognizing that
deep reductions in global emissions will be required in order to achieve the
ultimate objective of the Convention and emphasizing the need for urgency in
addressing climate change,
Acknowledging
that climate change is a common concern of humankind, Parties
should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and
consider their respective obligations on human rights, the right to health, the
rights of indigenous peoples, local communities, migrants, children, persons
with disabilities and people in vulnerable situations and the right to
development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and
intergenerational equity,
Also acknowledging
the specific needs and concerns of developing country Parties
arising from the impact of the implementation of response measures and, in this
regard, decisions 5/CP.7, 1/CP.10, 1/CP.16 and 8/CP.17,
Emphasizing with serious
concern the urgent need to address the significant gap between the aggregate
effect of Parties’ mitigation pledges in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse
gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways consistent with holding the
increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial
levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial
levels,
Also
emphasizing that
enhanced pre‐2020 ambition
can lay a solid foundation for enhanced post‐2020 ambition,
Stressing the urgency
of accelerating the implementation of the Convention and its Kyoto Protocol in
order to enhance pre-2020 ambition,
Recognizing the urgent
need to enhance the provision of finance, technology and capacity-building
support by developed country Parties, in a predictable manner, to enable
enhanced pre-2020 action by developing country Parties,
Emphasizing the enduring
benefits of ambitious and early action, including major reductions in the cost
of future mitigation and adaptation efforts,
Acknowledging
the
need to promote universal access to sustainable energy in developing countries,
in particular in Africa, through the enhanced deployment of renewable energy,
Agreeing to uphold and
promote regional and international cooperation in order to mobilize stronger
and more ambitious climate action by all Parties and non-Party stakeholders,
including civil society, the private sector, financial institutions, cities and
other subnational authorities, local communities and indigenous peoples,
I. ADOPTION
1. Decides to adopt
the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (hereinafter referred to as “the Agreement”) as contained in the annex;
2. Requests the
Secretary-General of the United Nations to be the Depositary of the Agreement
and to have it open for signature in New York, United States of America, from 22
April 2016 to 21 April 2017;
3. Invites the
Secretary-General to convene a high-level signature ceremony for the Agreement
on 22 April 2016;
4. Also invites all
Parties to the Convention to sign the Agreement at the ceremony to be convened
by the Secretary-General, or at their earliest opportunity, and to deposit
their respective instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or
accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible;
5. Recognizes that
Parties to the Convention may provisionally apply all of the provisions of the
Agreement pending its entry into force, and requests Parties to provide
notification of any such provisional application to the Depositary;
6. Notes that
the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced
Action, in accordance with decision 1/CP.17, paragraph 4, has been completed;
7. Decides to
establish the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement under the same
arrangement, mutatis mutandis, as those concerning the election of officers to
the Bureau of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced
Action;1
8. Also decides that
the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement shall prepare for the entry
into force of the Agreement and for the convening of the first session of the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris
Agreement;
9. Further decides
to oversee the implementation of the work programme resulting from the
relevant requests contained in this decision;
10. Requests the
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement to report regularly to the
Conference of the Parties on the progress of its work and to complete its work
by the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of
the Parties to the Paris Agreement;
11. Decides that
the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement shall hold its sessions
starting in 2016 in conjunction with the sessions of the Convention subsidiary
bodies and shall prepare draft decisions to be recommended through the
Conference of the Parties to the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement for consideration and adoption at
its first session;
II. INTENDED
NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS
12. Welcomes the
intended nationally determined contributions that have been communicated by
Parties in accordance with decision 1/CP.19, paragraph 2(b);
13. Reiterates its
invitation to all Parties that have not yet done so to communicate to the
secretariat their intended nationally determined contributions towards
achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2 as soon
as possible and well in advance of the twenty-second session of the Conference
of the Parties (November 2016) and in a manner that facilitates the clarity,
transparency and understanding of the intended nationally determined
contributions;
14. Requests the
secretariat to continue to publish the intended nationally determined
contributions communicated by Parties on the UNFCCC website;
15. Reiterates its
call to developed country Parties, the operating entities of the Financial
Mechanism and any other organizations in a position to do so to provide support
for the preparation and communication of the intended nationally determined
contributions of Parties that may need such support;
16. Takes note of
the synthesis report on the aggregate effect of intended nationally determined
contributions communicated by Parties by 1 October 2015, contained in document
FCCC/CP/2015/7;
17. Notes with
concern that the estimated aggregate greenhouse gas emission levels in 2025 and
2030 resulting from the intended nationally determined contributions do not
fall within least-cost 2oC scenarios but rather lead to a projected
level of 55 gigatonnes in 2030, and also notes that much greater
emission reduction efforts will be required than those associated with the
intended nationally determined contributions in order to hold the increase in
the global average temperature to below 2oC above pre-industrial
levels by reducing emissions to 40 gigatonnes or to 1.5oC above
pre-industrial levels by reducing to a level to be identified in the special report
referred to in paragraph 21 below;
18. Also notes, in
this context, the adaptation needs expressed by many developing country
Parties in their intended nationally determined contributions;
19. Requests the
secretariat to update the synthesis report referred to in paragraph 16 above so
as to cover all the information in the intended nationally determined
contributions communicated by Parties pursuant to decision 1/CP.20 by 4 April
2016 and to make it available by 2 May 2016;
20. Decides to
convene a facilitative dialogue among Parties in 2018 to take stock of the
collective efforts of Parties in relation to progress towards the long-term
goal referred to in Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Agreement and to inform the
preparation of nationally determined contributions pursuant to Article 4,
paragraph 8, of the Agreement;
21. Invites the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to provide a special report in 2018
on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and
related global greenhouse gas emission pathways;
III. DECISIONS
TO GIVE EFFECT TO THE AGREEMENT
MITIGATION
22. Invites Parties
to communicate their first nationally determined contribution no later than
when the Party submits its respective instrument of ratification, accession, or
approval of the Paris Agreement. If a Party has communicated an intended
nationally determined contribution prior to joining the Agreement, that Party
shall be considered to have satisfied this provision unless that Party decides
otherwise;
23. Urges those
Parties whose intended nationally determined contribution pursuant to decision
1/CP.20 contains a time frame up to 2025 to communicate by 2020 a new
nationally determined contribution and to do so every five years thereafter
pursuant to Article 4, paragraph 9, of the Agreement;
24. Requests those
Parties whose intended nationally determined contribution pursuant to decision
1/CP.20 contains a time frame up to 2030 to communicate or update by 2020 these
contributions and to do so every five years thereafter pursuant to Article 4,
paragraph 9, of the Agreement;
25. Decides that
Parties shall submit to the secretariat their nationally determined
contributions referred to in Article 4 of the Agreement at least 9 to 12 months
in advance of the relevant meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as
the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement with a view to facilitating
the clarity, transparency and understanding of these contributions, including
through a synthesis report prepared by the secretariat;
26. Requests the
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement to develop further guidance on features
of the nationally determined contributions for consideration and adoption by
the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement at its first session;
27. Agrees that
the information to be provided by Parties communicating their nationally
determined contributions, in order to facilitate clarity, transparency and
understanding, may include, as appropriate, inter alia, quantifiable
information on the reference point (including, as appropriate, a base year),
time frames and/or periods for implementation, scope and coverage, planning
processes, assumptions and methodological approaches including those for
estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as
appropriate, removals, and how the Party considers that its nationally
determined contribution is fair and ambitious, in the light of its national
circumstances, and how it contributes towards achieving the objective of the
Convention as set out in its Article 2;
28. Requests the
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement to develop further guidance for the
information to be provided by Parties in order to facilitate clarity,
transparency and understanding of nationally determined contributions for
consideration and adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its first session;
29. Also requests the
Subsidiary Body for Implementation to develop modalities and procedures for the
operation and use of the public registry referred to in Article 4, paragraph
12, of the Agreement, for consideration and adoption by the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its
first session;
30. Further
requests the secretariat to make available an interim public registry in
the first half of 2016 for the recording of nationally determined contributions
submitted in accordance with Article 4 of the Agreement, pending the adoption
by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement of the modalities and procedures referred to in paragraph 29
above;
31. Requests the
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement to elaborate, drawing from
approaches established under the Convention and its related legal instruments
as appropriate, guidance for accounting for Parties’ nationally determined
contributions, as referred to in Article 4, paragraph 13, of the Agreement, for
consideration and adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its first session, which
ensures that:
(a) Parties account
for anthropogenic emissions and removals in accordance with methodologies and common
metrics assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and adopted
by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement;
(b) Parties ensure
methodological consistency, including on baselines, between the communication
and implementation of nationally determined contributions;
(c) Parties strive to
include all categories of anthropogenic emissions or removals in their
nationally determined contributions and, once a source, sink or activity is
included, continue to include it;
(d) Parties shall
provide an explanation of why any categories of anthropogenic emissions or
removals are excluded;
32. Decides that
Parties shall apply the guidance mentioned in paragraph 31 above to the second
and subsequent nationally determined contributions and that Parties may elect
to apply such guidance to their first nationally determined contribution;
33. Also decides that
the Forum on the Impact of the Implementation of response measures, under the
subsidiary bodies, shall continue, and shall serve the Agreement;
34. Further
decides that the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice
and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation shall recommend, for consideration
and adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to the Paris Agreement at its first session, the modalities, work
programme and functions of the Forum on the Impact of the Implementation of
response measures to address the effects of the implementation of response measures
under the Agreement by enhancing cooperation amongst Parties on understanding
the impacts of mitigation actions under the Agreement and the exchange of
information, experiences, and best practices amongst Parties to raise their
resilience to these impacts;*
36. Invites Parties
to communicate, by 2020, to the secretariat mid-century, long-term low
greenhouse gas emission development strategies in accordance with Article 4,
paragraph 19, of the Agreement, and requests the secretariat to publish
on the UNFCCC website Parties’ low greenhouse gas emission development
strategies as communicated;
37. Requests the
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to develop and
recommend the guidance referred to under Article 6, paragraph 2, of the Agreement
for adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to the Paris Agreement at its first session, including guidance to
ensure that double counting is avoided on the basis of a corresponding
adjustment by Parties for both anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals
by sinks covered by their nationally determined contributions under the
Agreement;
38. Recommends that
the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement adopt rules, modalities and procedures for the mechanism
established by Article 6, paragraph 4, of the Agreement on the basis of:
(a) Voluntary
participation authorized by each Party involved;
(b) Real, measurable,
and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change;
(c) Specific scopes
of activities;
(d) Reductions in emissions
that are additional to any that would otherwise occur;
(e) Verification and certification
of emission reductions resulting from mitigation activities by designated
operational entities;
(f) Experience gained
with and lessons learned from existing mechanisms and approaches adopted under
the Convention and its related legal instruments;
39. Requests the
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to develop and recommend
rules, modalities and procedures for the mechanism referred to in paragraph 38
above for consideration and adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving
as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its first session;
40. Also requests the
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to undertake a work
programme under the framework for non-market approaches to sustainable
development referred to in Article 6, paragraph 8, of the Agreement, with the
objective of considering how to enhance linkages and create synergy between,
inter alia, mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology transfer and capacity-building,
and how to facilitate the implementation and coordination of non-market
approaches;
41. Further
requests the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to
recommend a draft decision on the work programme referred to in paragraph 40
above, taking into account the views of Parties, for consideration and adoption
by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement at its first session;
ADAPTATION
42. Requests the
Adaptation Committee and the Least Developed Countries Expert Group to jointly
develop modalities to recognize the adaptation efforts of developing country
Parties, as referred to in Article 7, paragraph 3, of the Agreement, and make
recommendations for consideration and adoption by the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its first
session;
43. Also requests the
Adaptation Committee, taking into account its mandate and its second three-year
workplan, and with a view to preparing recommendations for consideration and
adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties
to the Paris Agreement at its first session:
(a) To review, in
2017, the work of adaptation-related institutional arrangements under the
Convention, with a view to identifying ways to enhance the coherence of their
work, as appropriate, in order to respond adequately to the needs of Parties;
(b) To consider
methodologies for assessing adaptation needs with a view to assisting
developing countries, without placing an undue burden on them;
44. Invites all
relevant United Nations agencies and international, regional and national financial
institutions to provide information to Parties through the secretariat on how
their development assistance and climate finance programmes incorporate
climate-proofing and climate resilience measures;
45. Requests Parties
to strengthen regional cooperation on adaptation where appropriate and, where
necessary, establish regional centres and networks, in particular in developing
countries, taking into account decision 1/CP.16, paragraph 13;
46. Also requests the
Adaptation Committee and the Least Developed Countries Expert Group, in
collaboration with the Standing Committee on Finance and other relevant
institutions, to develop methodologies, and make recommendations for
consideration and adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its first session on:
(a) Taking the necessary
steps to facilitate the mobilization of support for adaptation in developing
countries in the context of the limit to global average temperature increase
referred to in Article 2 of the Agreement;
(b) Reviewing the
adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support referred to in Article 7,
paragraph 14(c), of the Agreement;
47. Further
requests the Green Climate Fund to expedite support for the least developed
countries and other developing country Parties for the formulation of national
adaptation plans, consistent with decisions 1/CP.16 and 5/CP.17, and for the
subsequent implementation of policies, projects and programmes identified by
them;
LOSS AND
DAMAGE
48. Decides on
the continuation of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage
associated with Climate Change Impacts, following the review in 2016;
49. Requests the
Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism to establish a
clearinghouse for risk transfer that serves as a repository for information on
insurance and risk transfer, in order to facilitate the efforts of Parties to
develop and implement comprehensive risk management strategies;
50. Also requests the
Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism to establish,
according to its procedures and mandate, a task force to complement, draw upon
the work of and involve, as appropriate, existing bodies and expert groups
under the Convention including the Adaptation Committee and the Least Developed
Countries Expert Group, as well as relevant organizations and expert bodies
outside the Convention, to develop recommendations for integrated approaches to
avert, minimize and address displacement related to the adverse impacts of climate
change;
51. Further
requests the Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism to
initiate its work, at its next meeting, to operationalize the provisions
referred to in paragraphs 49 and 50 above, and to report on progress thereon in
its annual report;
52. Agrees that
Article 8 of the Agreement does not involve or provide a basis for any
liability or compensation;
FINANCE
53. Decides that,
in the implementation of the Agreement, financial resources provided to
developing countries should enhance the implementation of their policies,
strategies, regulations and action plans and their climate change actions with respect
to both mitigation and adaptation to contribute to the achievement of the
purpose of the Agreement as defined in Article 2;
54. Also decides that,
in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 3, of the Agreement, developed
countries intend to continue their existing collective mobilization goal
through 2025 in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency
on implementation; prior to 2025 the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall set a new collective
quantified goal from a floor of USD 100 billion per year, taking into account
the needs and priorities of developing countries;
55. Recognizes the
importance of adequate and predictable financial resources, including for
results-based payments, as appropriate, for the implementation of policy
approaches and positive incentives for reducing emissions from deforestation and
forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of
forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks; as well as alternative policy
approaches, such as joint mitigation and adaptation approaches for the integral
and sustainable management of forests; while reaffirming the importance of
non-carbon benefits associated with such approaches; encouraging the
coordination of support from, inter alia, public and private, bilateral and
multilateral sources, such as the Green Climate Fund, and alternative sources
in accordance with relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties;
56. Decides to
initiate, at its twenty-second session, a process to identify the information
to be provided by Parties, in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 5, of the
Agreement with the view to providing a recommendation for consideration and
adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties
to the Paris Agreement at its first session;
57. Also decides to
ensure that the provision of information in accordance with Article 9, paragraph
7 of the Agreement shall be undertaken in accordance with modalities,
procedures and guidelines referred to in paragraph 96 below;
58. Requests Subsidiary
Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to develop modalities for the
accounting of financial resources provided and mobilized through public
interventions in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 7, of the Agreement for
consideration by the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-fourth session
(November 2018), with the view to making a recommendation for consideration and
adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties
to the Paris Agreement at its first session;
59. Decides that
the Green Climate Fund and the Global Environment Facility, the entities
entrusted with the operation of the Financial Mechanism of the Convention, as
well as the Least Developed Countries Fund and the Special Climate Change Fund,
administered by the Global Environment Facility, shall serve the Agreement;
60. Recognizes that
the Adaptation Fund may serve the Agreement, subject to relevant decisions by
the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Kyoto Protocol and the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to the Paris Agreement;
61. Invites the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol
to consider the issue referred to in paragraph 60 above and make a
recommendation to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to the Paris Agreement at its first session;
62. Recommends that
the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement shall provide guidance to the entities entrusted with the
operation of the Financial Mechanism of the Convention on the policies,
programme priorities and eligibility criteria related to the Agreement for
transmission by the Conference of the Parties;
63. Decides that
the guidance to the entities entrusted with the operations of the Financial
Mechanism of the Convention in relevant decisions of the Conference of the
Parties, including those agreed before adoption of the Agreement, shall apply
mutatis mutandis;
64. Also decides that
the Standing Committee on Finance shall serve the Agreement in line with its
functions and responsibilities established under the Conference of the Parties;
65. Urges the institutions
serving the Agreement to enhance the coordination and delivery of resources to
support country-driven strategies through simplified and efficient application and
approval procedures, and through continued readiness support to developing
country Parties, including the least developed countries and small island
developing States, as appropriate;
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER
66. Takes note of the
interim report of the Technology Executive Committee on guidance on enhanced
implementation of the results of technology needs assessments as referred to in
document FCCC/SB/2015/INF.3;
67. Decides to
strengthen the Technology Mechanism and requests the Technology Executive
Committee and the Climate Technology Centre and Network, in supporting the
implementation of the Agreement, to undertake further work relating to, inter
alia:
(a) Technology
research, development and demonstration;
(b) The development and
enhancement of endogenous capacities and technologies;
68. Requests the
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to initiate, at its forty-fourth
session (May 2016), the elaboration of the technology framework established
under Article 10, paragraph 4, of the Agreement and to report on its findings
to the Conference of the Parties, with a view to the Conference of the Parties
making a recommendation on the framework to the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement for consideration
and adoption at its first session, taking into consideration that the framework
should facilitate, inter alia:
(a) The undertaking
and updating of technology needs assessments, as well as the enhanced implementation
of their results, particularly technology action plans and project ideas,
through the preparation of bankable projects;
(b) The provision of
enhanced financial and technical support for the implementation of the results
of the technology needs assessments;
(c) The assessment of
technologies that are ready for transfer;
(d) The enhancement
of enabling environments for and the addressing of barriers to the development
and transfer of socially and environmentally sound technologies;
69. Decides that
the Technology Executive Committee and the Climate Technology Centre and
Network shall report to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of
the Parties to the Paris Agreement, through the subsidiary bodies, on
their activities to support the implementation of the Agreement;
70. Also decides to
undertake a periodic assessment of the effectiveness of and the adequacy of the
support provided to the Technology Mechanism in supporting the implementation
of the Agreement on matters relating to technology development and transfer;
71. Requests the
Subsidiary Body for Implementation to initiate, at its forty-fourth session,
the elaboration of the scope of and modalities for the periodic assessment
referred to in paragraph 70 above, taking into account the review of the
Climate Technology Centre and Network as referred to in decision 2/CP.17, annex
VII, paragraph 20 and the modalities for the global stocktake referred to in
Article 14 of the Agreement, for consideration and adoption by the Conference
of the Parties at its twenty-fifth session (November 2019);
CAPACITY-BUILDING
72. Decides to
establish the Paris Committee on Capacity-building whose aim will be to address
gaps and needs, both current and emerging, in implementing capacity-building in
developing country Parties and further enhancing capacity-building efforts,
including with regard to coherence and coordination in capacity-building
activities under the Convention;
73. Also decides that
the Paris Committee on Capacity-building will manage and oversee the work plan
mentioned in paragraph 74 below;
74. Further
decides to launch a work plan for the period 2016–2020 with the following
activities:
(a) Assessing how to increase
synergies through cooperation and avoid duplication among existing bodies
established under the Convention that implement capacity-building activities,
including through collaborating with institutions under and outside the
Convention;
(b) Identifying
capacity gaps and needs and recommending ways to address them;
(c) Promoting the
development and dissemination of tools and methodologies for the implementation
of capacity-building;
(d) Fostering global,
regional, national and subnational cooperation;
(e) Identifying and collecting
good practices, challenges, experiences, and lessons learned from work on capacity-building
by bodies established under the Convention;
(f) Exploring how
developing country Parties can take ownership of building and maintaining
capacity over time and space;
(g) Identifying
opportunities to strengthen capacity at the national, regional, and subnational
level;
(h) Fostering dialogue,
coordination, collaboration and coherence among relevant processes and
initiatives under the Convention, including through exchanging information on
capacity-building activities and strategies of bodies established under the Convention;
(i) Providing guidance
to the secretariat on the maintenance and further development of the web-based
capacity-building portal;
75. Decides that
the Paris Committee on Capacity-building will annually focus on an area or theme
related to enhanced technical exchange on capacity-building, with the purpose
of maintaining up-to-date knowledge on the successes and challenges in building
capacity effectively in a particular area;
76. Requests the
Subsidiary Body for Implementation to organize annual in-session meetings of
the Paris Committee on Capacity-building;
77. Also requests the
Subsidiary Body for Implementation to develop the terms of reference for the
Paris Committee on Capacity-building, in the context of the third comprehensive
review of the implementation of the capacity-building framework, also taking
into account paragraphs 75, 76, 77 and 78 above and paragraphs 82 and 83 below,
with a view to recommending a draft decision on this matter for consideration
and adoption by the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-second session;
78. Invites Parties
to submit their views on the membership of the Paris Committee on Capacity-building
by 9 March 2016;2
79. Requests the
secretariat to compile the submissions referred to in paragraph 78 above into a
miscellaneous document for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for
Implementation at its forty-fourth session;
80. Decides that
the inputs to the Paris Committee on Capacity-building will include, inter
alia, submissions, the outcome of the third comprehensive review of the
implementation of the capacity-building framework, the secretariat’s annual synthesis
report on the implementation of the framework for capacity-building in
developing countries, the secretariat’s compilation and synthesis report on
capacity-building work of bodies established under the Convention and its Kyoto
Protocol, and reports on the Durban Forum and the capacity-building portal;
81. Requests the
Paris Committee on Capacity-building to prepare annual technical progress
reports on its work, and to make these reports available at the sessions of the
Subsidiary Body for Implementation coinciding with the sessions of the
Conference of the Parties;
82. Also requests the
Conference of the Parties at its twenty-fifth session (November 2019), to
review the progress, need for extension, the effectiveness and enhancement of
the Paris Committee on Capacity-building and to take any action it considers
appropriate, with a view to making recommendations to the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its
first session on enhancing institutional arrangements for capacity-building
consistent with Article 11, paragraph 5, of the Agreement;
83. Calls upon all
Parties to ensure that education, training and public awareness, as reflected
in Article 6 of the Convention and in Article 12 of the Agreement are
adequately considered in their contribution to capacity-building;
84. Invites the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris
Agreement at its first session to explore ways of enhancing the implementation
of training, public awareness, public participation and public access to
information so as to enhance actions under the Agreement;
TRANSPARENCY
OF ACTION AND SUPPORT
85. Decides to
establish a Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency in order to build
institutional and technical capacity, both pre-and post-2020. This initiative
will support developing country Parties, upon request, in meeting enhanced
transparency requirements as defined in Article 13 of the Agreement in a timely
manner;
86. Also decides that
the Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency will aim:
(a) To strengthen national
institutions for transparency-related activities in line with national
priorities;
(b) To provide
relevant tools, training and assistance for meeting the provisions stipulated
in Article 13 of the Agreement;
(c) To assist in the
improvement of transparency over time;
87. Urges and requests
the Global Environment Facility to make arrangements to support the establishment
and operation of the Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency as a
priority reporting-related need, including through voluntary contributions to
support developing countries in the sixth replenishment of the Global
Environment Facility and future replenishment cycles, to complement existing
support under the Global Environment Facility;
88. Decides to
assess the implementation of the Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency
in the context of the seventh review of the financial mechanism;
89. Requests that
the Global Environment Facility, as an operating entity of the financial
mechanism include in its annual report to the Conference of the Parties the
progress of work in the design, development and implementation of the
Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency referred to in paragraph 85 above
starting in 2016;
90. Decides that,
in accordance with Article 13, paragraph 2, of the Agreement, developing
countries shall be provided flexibility in the implementation of the provisions
of that Article, including in the scope, frequency and level of detail of
reporting, and in the scope of review, and that the scope of review could
provide for in-country reviews to be optional, while such flexibilities shall be
reflected in the development of modalities, procedures and guidelines referred
to in paragraph 92 below;
91. Also decides that
all Parties, except for the least developed country Parties and small island
developing States, shall submit the information referred to in Article 13,
paragraphs 7, 8, 9 and 10, as appropriate, no less frequently than on a
biennial basis, and that t he least developed country Parties and small island
developing States may submit this information at their discretion;
92. Requests the
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement to develop recommendations for
modalities, procedures and guidelines in accordance with Article 13, paragraph
13, of the Agreement, and to define the year of their first and subsequent
review and update, as appropriate, at regular intervals, for consideration by
the Conference of the Parties, at its twenty-fourth session, with a view to
forwarding them to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to the Paris Agreement for adoption at its first session;
93. Also requests the
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement in developing the recommendations
for the modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in paragraph 92 above
to take into account, inter alia:
(a) The importance of
facilitating improved reporting and transparency over time;
(b) The need to
provide flexibility to those developing country Parties that need it in the
light of their capacities;
(c) The need to
promote transparency, accuracy, completeness, consistency, and comparability;
(d) The need to avoid
duplication as well as undue burden on Parties and the secretariat;
(e) The need to
ensure that Parties maintain at least the frequency and quality of reporting in
accordance with their respective obligations under the Convention;
(f) The need to
ensure that double counting is avoided;
(g) The need to
ensure environmental integrity;
94. Further requests
the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement, when developing the
modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in paragraph 92 above, to
draw on the experiences from and take into account other on-going relevant
processes under the Convention;
95. Requests the
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement, when developing modalities,
procedures and guidelines referred to in paragraph 92 above, to consider, inter
alia:
(a) The types of
flexibility available to those developing countries that need it on the basis
of their capacities;
(b) The consistency
between the methodology communicated in the nationally determined contribution
and the methodology for reporting on progress made towards achieving individual
Parties’ respective nationally determined contribution;
(c) That Parties
report information on adaptation action and planning including, if appropriate,
their national adaptation plans, with a view to collectively exchanging
information and sharing lessons learned;
(d) Support provided,
enhancing delivery of support for both adaptation and mitigation through, inter
alia, the common tabular formats for reporting support, and taking into account
issues considered by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological
Advice on methodologies for reporting on financial information, and enhancing
the reporting by developing countries on support received, including the use, impact
and estimated results thereof;
(e) Information in
the biennial assessments and other reports of the Standing Committee on Finance
and other relevant bodies under the Convention;
(f) Information on
the social and economic impact of response measures;
96. Also requests the
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement, when developing recommendations
for modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in paragraph 92 above, to
enhance the transparency of support provided in accordance with Article 9 of
the Agreement;
97. Further
requests the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement to report on the
progress of work on the modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in
paragraph 92 above to future sessions of the Conference of the Parties, and that
this work be concluded no later than 2018;
98. Decides that
the modalities, procedures and guidelines developed under paragraph 92 above,
shall be applied upon the entry into force of the Paris Agreement;
99. Also decides that
the modalities, procedures and guidelines of this transparency framework shall
build upon and eventually supersede the measurement, reporting and verification
system established by decision 1/CP.16, paragraphs 40 to 47 and 60 to 64, and
decision 2/CP.17, paragraphs 12 to 62, immediately following the submission of
the final biennial reports and biennial update reports;
GLOBAL
STOCKTAKE
100. Requests the
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement to identify the sources of input
for the global stocktake referred to in Article 14 of the Agreement and to
report to the Conference of the Parties, with a view to the Conference of the
Parties making a recommendation to the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement for consideration and adoption at
its first session, including, but not limited to:
(a) Information on:
(i) The overall
effect of the nationally determined contributions communicated by Parties;
(ii) The state of
adaptation efforts, support, experiences and priorities from the communications
referred to in Article 7, paragraphs 10 and 11, of the Agreement, and reports
referred to in Article 13, paragraph 7, of the Agreement;
(iii) The
mobilization and provision of support;
(b) The latest
reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;
(c) Reports of the
subsidiary bodies;
101. Also requests
the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to provide
advice on how the assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
can inform the global stocktake of the implementation of the Agreement pursuant
to its Article 14 of the Agreement and to report on this matter to the Ad Hoc
Working Group on the Paris Agreement at its second session;
102. Further
requests the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement to develop
modalities for the global stocktake referred to in Article 14 of the Agreement
and to report to the Conference of the Parties, with a view to making a recommendation
to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement for consideration and adoption at its first session;
FACILITATING
IMPLEMENTATION AND COMPLIANCE
103. Decides that
the committee referred to in Article 15, paragraph 2, of the Agreement shall
consist of 12 members with recognized competence in relevant scientific,
technical, socio-economic or legal fields, to be elected by the Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement on the
basis of equitable geographical representation, with two members each from the
five regional groups of the United Nations and one member each from the small
island developing States and the least developed countries, while taking into
account the goal of gender balance;
104. Requests the
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement to develop the modalities and
procedures for the effective operation of the committee referred to in Article 15,
paragraph 2, of the Agreement, with a view to the Ad Hoc Working Group on the
Paris Agreement completing its work on such modalities and procedures for
consideration and adoption by the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its first session;
FINAL CLAUSES
105. Also requests
the secretariat, solely for the purposes of Article 21 of the Agreement, to
make available on its website on the date of adoption of the Agreement as well
as in the report of the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-first session,
information on the most up-to-date total and per cent of greenhouse gas
emissions communicated by Parties to the Convention in their national
communications, greenhouse gas inventory reports, biennial reports or biennial
update reports;
IV. ENHANCED
ACTION PRIOR TO 2020
106. Resolves to
ensure the highest possible mitigation efforts in the pre-2020 period,
including by:
(a) Urging all
Parties to the Kyoto Protocol that have not already done so to ratify and
implement the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol;
(b) Urging all
Parties that have not already done so to make and implement a mitigation pledge
under the Cancun Agreements;
(c) Reiterating its
resolve, as set out in decision 1/CP.19, paragraphs 3 and 4, to accelerate the full
implementation of the decisions constituting the agreed outcome pursuant to
decision 1/CP.13 and enhance ambition in the pre-2020 period in order to ensure
the highest possible mitigation efforts under the Convention by all Parties;
(d) Inviting
developing country Parties that have not submitted their first biennial update
reports to do so as soon as possible;
(e) Urging all
Parties to participate in the existing measurement, reporting and verification
processes under the Cancun Agreements, in a timely manner, with a view to
demonstrating progress made in the implementation of their mitigation pledges;
107. Encourages Parties
to promote the voluntary cancellation by Party and non-Party stakeholders,
without double counting of units issued under the Kyoto Protocol, including
certified emission reductions that are valid for the second commitment period;
108. Urges host
and purchasing Parties to report transparently on internationally transferred
mitigation outcomes, including outcomes used to meet international pledges, and
emission units issued under the Kyoto Protocol with a view to promoting
environmental integrity and avoiding double counting;
109. Recognizes the
social, economic and environmental value of voluntary mitigation actions and
their co-benefits for adaptation, health and sustainable development;
110. Resolves to
strengthen, in the period 2016–2020, the existing technical examination process
on mitigation as defined in decision 1/CP.19, paragraph 5(a), and decision
1/CP.20, paragraph 19, taking into account the latest scientific knowledge,
including by:
(a) Encouraging
Parties, Convention bodies and international organizations to engage in this
process, including, as appropriate, in cooperation with relevant non-Party
stakeholders, to share their experiences and suggestions, including from
regional events, and to cooperate in facilitating the implementation of policies,
practices and actions identified during this process in accordance with national
sustainable development priorities;
(b) Striving to
improve, in consultation with Parties, access to and participation in this
process by developing country Party and non-Party experts;
(c) Requesting the Technology
Executive Committee and the Climate Technology Centre and Network in accordance
with their respective mandates:
(i) To engage in the
technical expert meetings and enhance their efforts to facilitate and support
Parties in scaling up the implementation of policies, practices and actions
identified during this process;
(ii) To provide
regular updates during the technical expert meetings on the progress made in
facilitating the implementation of policies, practices and actions previously
identified during this process;
(iii) To include
information on their activities under this process in their joint annual report
to the Conference of the Parties;
(d) Encouraging
Parties to make effective use of the Climate Technology Centre and Network to
obtain assistance to develop economically, environmentally and socially viable
project proposals in the high mitigation potential areas identified in this
process;
111. Encourages the
operating entities of the Financial Mechanism of the Convention to engage in
the technical expert meetings and to inform participants of their contribution
to facilitating progress in the implementation of policies, practices and
actions identified during the technical examination process;
112. Requests the
secretariat to organize the process referred to in paragraph 110 above and
disseminate its results, including by:
(a) Organizing, in
consultation with the Technology Executive Committee and relevant expert
organizations, regular technical expert meetings focusing on specific policies,
practices and actions representing best practices and with the potential to be
scalable and replicable;
(b) Updating, on an
annual basis, following the meetings referred to in paragraph 112(a) above and
in time to serve as input to the summary for policymakers referred to in
paragraph 112(c) below, a technical paper on the mitigation benefits and
co-benefits of policies, practices and actions for enhancing mitigation
ambition, as well as on options for supporting their implementation,
information on which should be made available in a user- friendly online
format;
(c) Preparing, in
consultation with the champions referred to in paragraph 122 below, a summary
for policymakers, with information on specific policies, practices and actions
representing best practices and with the potential to be scalable and
replicable, and on options to support their implementation, as well as on
relevant collaborative initiatives, and publishing the summary at least two months
in advance of each session of the Conference of the Parties as input for the
high-level event referred to in paragraph 121 below;
113. Decides that
the process referred to in paragraph 110 above should be organized jointly by
the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and the Subsidiary Body for Scientific
and Technological Advice and should take place on an ongoing basis until 2020;
114. Also decides to
conduct in 2017 an assessment of the process referred to in paragraph 110 above
so as to improve its effectiveness;
115. Resolves to
enhance the provision of urgent and adequate finance, technology and
capacity-building support by developed country Parties in order to enhance the
level of ambition of pre-2020 action by Parties, and in this regard strongly
urges developed country Parties to scale up their level of financial
support, with a concrete roadmap to achieve the goal of jointly providing USD
100 billion annually by 2020 for mitigation and adaptation while significantly
increasing adaptation finance from current levels and to further provide
appropriate technology and capacity-building support;
116. Decides to
conduct a facilitative dialogue in conjunction with the twenty-second session
of the Conference of the Parties to assess the progress in implementing
decision 1/CP.19, paragraphs 3 and 4, and identify relevant opportunities to
enhance the provision of financial resources, including for technology
development and transfer and capacity- building support, with a view to
identifying ways to enhance the ambition of mitigation efforts by all Parties,
including identifying relevant opportunities to enhance the provision and
mobilization of support and enabling environments;
117. Acknowledges with
appreciation the results of the Lima-Paris Action Agenda, which build on the
climate summit convened on 23 September 2014 by the Secretary-General of the
United Nations;
118. Welcomes the
efforts of non-Party stakeholders to scale up their climate actions, and encourages
the registration of those actions in the Non-State Actor Zone for Climate
Action platform;3
119. Encourages Parties
to work closely with non-Party stakeholders to catalyse efforts to strengthen
mitigation and adaptation action;
120. Also encourages
non-Party stakeholders to increase their engagement in the processes
referred to in paragraph 110 above and paragraph 125 below;
121. Agrees to
convene, pursuant to decision 1/CP.20, paragraph 21, building on the Lima-Paris
Action Agenda and in conjunction with each session of the Conference of the
Parties during the period 2016–2020, a high-level event that:
(a) Further
strengthens high-level engagement on the implementation of policy options and
actions arising from the processes referred to in paragraph 110 above and
paragraph 125 below, drawing on the summary for policymakers referred to in
paragraph 112(c) above;
(b) Provides an opportunity
for announcing new or strengthened voluntary efforts, initiatives and
coalitions, including the implementation of policies, practices and actions
arising from the processes referred to in paragraph 110 above and paragraph 125
below and presented in the summary for policymakers referred to in paragraph
112(c) above;
(c) Takes stock of
related progress and recognizes new or strengthened voluntary efforts,
initiatives and coalitions;
(d) Provides
meaningful and regular opportunities for the effective high-level engagement of
dignitaries of Parties, international organizations, international cooperative
initiatives and non-Party stakeholders;
122. Decides that
two high-level champions shall be appointed to act on behalf of the President
of the Conference of the Parties to facilitate through strengthened high-level
engagement in the period 2016–2020 the successful execution of existing efforts
and the scaling-up and introduction of new or strengthened voluntary efforts,
initiatives and coalitions, including by:
(a) Working with the Executive
Secretary and the current and incoming Presidents of the Conference of the Parties
to coordinate the annual high-level event referred to in paragraph 121 above;
(b) Engaging with
interested Parties and non-Party stakeholders, including to further the
voluntary initiatives of the Lima-Paris Action Agenda;
(c) Providing
guidance to the secretariat on the organization of technical expert meetings
referred to in paragraph 112(a) above and paragraph 130(a) below;
123. Also decides that
the high-level champions referred to in paragraph 122 above should normally
serve for a term of two years, with their terms overlapping for a full year to
ensure continuity, such that:
(a) The President of
the Conference of the Parties of the twenty-first session should appoint one
champion, who should serve for one year from the date of the appointment until
the last day of the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-second session;
(b) The President of
the Conference of the Parties of the twenty-second session should appoint one
champion who should serve for two years from the date of the appointment until
the last day of the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-third session
(November 2017);
(c) Thereafter, each
subsequent President of the Conference of the Parties should appoint one champion
who should serve for two years and succeed the previously appointed champion
whose term has ended;
124. Invites all
interested Parties and relevant organizations to provide support for the work
of the champions referred to in paragraph 122 above;
125. Decides to
launch, in the period 2016-2020, a technical examination process on adaptation;
126. Also decides that
the technical examination process on adaptation referred to in paragraph 125
above will endeavour to identify concrete opportunities for strengthening
resilience, reducing vulnerabilities and increasing the understanding and
implementation of adaptation actions;
127. Further
decides that the technical examination process referred to in paragraph 125
above should be organized jointly by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and
the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, and conducted by
the Adaptation Committee;
128. Decides that
the process referred to in paragraph 125 above will be pursued by:
(a) Facilitating the
sharing of good practices, experiences and lessons learned;
(b) Identifying
actions that could significantly enhance the implementation of adaptation
actions, including actions that could enhance economic diversification and have
mitigation co-benefits;
(c) Promoting
cooperative action on adaptation;
(d) Identifying
opportunities to strengthen enabling environments and enhance the provision of
support for adaptation in the context of specific policies, practices and
actions;
129. Also decides that
the technical examination process on adaptation referred to in paragraph 125
above will take into account the process, modalities, outputs, outcomes and
lessons learned from the technical examination process on mitigation referred
to in paragraph 110 above;
130. Requests the
secretariat to support the technical examination process referred to in
paragraph 125 above by:
(a) Organizing
regular technical expert meetings focusing on specific policies, strategies and
actions;
(b) Preparing
annually, on the basis of the meetings referred to in paragraph 130(a) above
and in time to serve as an input to the summary for policymakers referred to in
paragraph 112(c) above, a technical paper on opportunities to enhance
adaptation action, as well as options to support their implementation,
information on which should be made available in a user-friendly online format;
131. Decides that
in conducting the process referred to in paragraph 125 above, the Adaptation
Committee will engage with and explore ways to take into account, synergize
with and build on the existing arrangements for adaptation-related work
programmes, bodies and institutions under the Convention so as to ensure
coherence and maximum value;
132. Also decides to
conduct, in conjunction with the assessment referred to in paragraph 120 above,
an assessment of the process referred to in paragraph 125 above, so as to
improve its effectiveness;
133. Invites Parties
and observer organizations to submit information on the opportunities referred
to in paragraph 126 above by 3 February 2016;
V. NON-PARTY
STAKEHOLDERS
134. Welcomes the
efforts of all non-Party stakeholders to address and respond to climate change,
including those of civil society, the private sector, financial institutions,
cities and other subnational authorities;
135. Invites the
non-Party stakeholders referred to in paragraph 134 above to scale up their
efforts and support actions to reduce emissions and/or to build resilience and
decrease vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change and demonstrate
these efforts via the Non-State Actor Zone for Climate Action platform4 referred to
in paragraph 118 above;
136. Recognizes the
need to strengthen knowledge, technologies, practices and efforts of local
communities and indigenous peoples related to addressing and responding to
climate change, and establishes a platform for the exchange of
experiences and sharing of best practices on mitigation and adaptation in a
holistic and integrated manner;
137. Also
recognizes the important role of providing incentives for emission
reduction activities, including tools such as domestic policies and carbon
pricing;
VI. ADMINISTRATIVE
AND BUDGETARY MATTERS
138. Takes note of
the estimated budgetary implications of the activities to be undertaken by the
secretariat referred to in this decision and requests that the actions of the
secretariat called for in this decision be undertaken subject to the
availability of financial resources;
139. Emphasizes the
urgency of making additional resources available for the implementation of the
relevant actions, including actions referred to in this decision, and the
implementation of the work programme referred to in paragraph 9 above;
140. Urges Parties
to make voluntary contributions for the timely implementation of this decision.
ANNEX
PARIS AGREEMENT
The Parties to this
Agreement,
Being Parties to
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred
to as “the Convention”,
Pursuant to the Durban
Platform for Enhanced Action established by decision 1/CP.17 of the Conference
of the Parties to the Convention at its seventeenth session,
In pursuit of the
objective of the Convention, and being guided by its principles, including the
principle of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective
capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances,
Recognizing the need for
an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change on
the basis of the best available scientific knowledge,
Also
recognizing the
specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties,
especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of
climate change, as provided for in the Convention,
Taking full
account of
the specific needs and special situations of the least developed countries with
regard to funding and transfer of technology,
Recognizing that Parties
may be affected not only by climate change, but also by the impacts of the
measures taken in response to it,
Emphasizing the intrinsic
relationship that climate change actions, responses and impacts have with
equitable access to sustainable development and eradication of poverty,
Recognizing the
fundamental priority of safeguarding food security and ending hunger, and the
particular vulnerabilities of food production systems to the adverse impacts of
climate change,
Taking into
account the
imperatives of a just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent
work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development
priorities,
Acknowledging
that climate change is a common concern of humankind, Parties should,
when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider
their respective obligations on human rights, the right to health, the rights
of indigenous peoples, local communities, migrants, children, persons with
disabilities and people in vulnerable situations and the right to development,
as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational equity,
Recognizing the
importance of the conservation and enhancement, as appropriate, of sinks and
reservoirs of the greenhouse gases referred to in the Convention,
Noting the
importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including oceans, and
the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth,
and noting the importance for some of the concept of “climate justice”, when
taking action to address climate change,
Affirming the
importance of education, training, public awareness, public participation,
public access to information and cooperation at all levels on the matters
addressed in this Agreement,
Recognizing the
importance of the engagements of all levels of government and various actors,
in accordance with respective national legislations of Parties, in addressing
climate change,
Also recognizing
that
sustainable lifestyles and sustainable patterns of consumption and production, with
developed country Parties taking the lead, play an important role in addressing
climate change,
Have agreed as
follows:
Article 1
For
the purpose of this Agreement, the definitions contained in Article 1 of the
Convention shall apply. In addition:
1. “Convention” means
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in New York
on 9 May 1992.
2. “Conference of the
Parties” means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention.
3. “Party” means a Party
to this Agreement.
Article 2
1.
This Agreement, in enhancing the implementation of the Convention, including
its objective, aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate
change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate
poverty, including by:
(a) Holding the
increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above
pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase
to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would
significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change;
(b) Increasing the
ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate
resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does
not threaten food production;
(c) Making finance
flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and
climate- resilient development.
2. This Agreement will
be implemented to reflect equity and the principle of common but differentiated
responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different
national circumstances.
Article 3
As
nationally determined contributions to the global response to climate change,
all Parties are to undertake and communicate ambitious efforts as defined in
Articles 4, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 13 with the view to achieving the purpose of this
Agreement as set out in Article 2. The efforts of all Parties will represent a
progression over time, while recognizing the need to support developing country
Parties for the effective implementation of this Agreement.
Article 4
1.
In order to achieve the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2,
Parties aim to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as
possible, recognizing that peaking will take longer for developing country
Parties, and to undertake rapid reductions thereafter in accordance with best
available science, so as to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions
by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this
century, on the basis of equity, and in the context of sustainable development
and efforts to eradicate poverty.
2. Each Party shall
prepare, communicate and maintain successive nationally determined
contributions that it intends to achieve. Parties shall pursue domestic
mitigation measures, with the aim of achieving the objectives of such
contributions.
3. Each Party’s
successive nationally determined contribution will represent a progression
beyond the Party’s then current nationally determined contribution and reflect
its highest possible ambition, reflecting its common but differentiated
responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different
national circumstances.
4. Developed country
Parties should continue taking the lead by undertaking economy-wide absolute
emission reduction targets. Developing country Parties should continue enhancing
their mitigation efforts, and are encouraged to move over time towards
economy-wide emission reduction or limitation targets in the light of different
national circumstances.
5. Support shall be
provided to developing country Parties for the implementation of this Article,
in accordance with Articles 9, 10 and 11, recognizing that enhanced support for
developing country Parties will allow for higher ambition in their actions.
6. The least
developed countries and small island developing States may prepare and
communicate strategies, plans and actions for low greenhouse gas emissions
development reflecting their special circumstances.
7. Mitigation
co-benefits resulting from Parties’ adaptation actions and/or economic
diversification plans can contribute to mitigation outcomes under this Article.
8. In communicating
their nationally determined contributions, all Parties shall provide the
information necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding in accordance
with decision 1/CP.21 and any relevant decisions of the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
9. Each Party shall
communicate a nationally determined contribution every five years in accordance
with decision 1/CP.21 and any relevant decisions of the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement and be
informed by the outcomes of the global stocktake referred to in Article 14.
10. The Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall
consider common time frames for nationally determined contributions at its
first session.
11. A Party may at
any time adjust its existing nationally determined contribution with a view to
enhancing its level of ambition, in accordance with guidance adopted by the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris
Agreement.
12. Nationally
determined contributions communicated by Parties shall be recorded in a public
registry maintained by the secretariat.
13. Parties shall
account for their nationally determined contributions. In accounting for
anthropogenic emissions and removals corresponding to their nationally determined
contributions, Parties shall promote environmental integrity, transparency,
accuracy, completeness, comparability and consistency, and ensure the avoidance
of double counting, in accordance with guidance adopted by the Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
14. In the
context of their nationally determined contributions, when recognizing and
implementing mitigation actions with respect to anthropogenic emissions and
removals, Parties should take into account, as appropriate, existing methods
and guidance under the Convention, in the light of the provisions of paragraph
13 of this Article.
15. Parties shall
take into consideration in the implementation of this Agreement the concerns of
Parties with economies most affected by the impacts of response measures,
particularly developing country Parties.
16. Parties,
including regional economic integration organizations and their member States,
that have reached an agreement to act jointly under paragraph 2 of this Article
shall notify the secretariat of the terms of that agreement, including the
emission level allocated to each Party within the relevant time period, when
they communicate their nationally determined contributions. The secretariat
shall in turn inform the Parties and signatories to the Convention of the terms
of that agreement.
17. Each party to
such an agreement shall be responsible for its emission level as set out in the
agreement referred to in paragraph 16 above in accordance with paragraphs 13
and 14 of this Article and Articles 13 and 15.
18. If Parties acting
jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional economic integration
organization which is itself a Party to this Agreement, each member State of
that regional economic integration organization individually, and together with
the regional economic integration organization, shall be responsible for its
emission level as set out in the agreement communicated under paragraph 16 of
this Article in accordance with paragraphs 13 and 14 of this Article and
Articles 13 and 15.
19. All Parties
should strive to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas
emission development strategies, mindful of Article 2 taking into account their
common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the
light of different national circumstances.
Article 5
1.
Parties should take action to conserve and enhance, as appropriate, sinks and
reservoirs of greenhouse gases as referred to in Article 4, paragraph 1(d), of
the Convention, including forests.
2. Parties are
encouraged to take action to implement and support, including through
results-based payments, the existing framework as set out in related guidance
and decisions already agreed under the Convention for: policy approaches and
positive incentives for activities relating to reducing emissions from
deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable
management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing
countries; and alternative policy approaches, such as joint mitigation and
adaptation approaches for the integral and sustainable management of forests,
while reaffirming the importance of incentivizing, as appropriate, non-carbon
benefits associated with such approaches.
Article 6
1.
Parties recognize that some Parties choose to pursue voluntary cooperation in
the implementation of their nationally determined contributions to allow for
higher ambition in their mitigation and adaptation actions and to promote sustainable
development and environmental integrity.
2. Parties shall, where
engaging on a voluntary basis in cooperative approaches that involve the use of
internationally transferred mitigation outcomes towards nationally determined
contributions, promote sustainable development and ensure environmental
integrity and transparency, including in governance, and shall apply robust
accounting to ensure, inter alia, the avoidance of double counting, consistent
with guidance adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting
of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
3. The use of
internationally transferred mitigation outcomes to achieve nationally
determined contributions under this Agreement shall be voluntary and authorized
by participating Parties.
4. A mechanism to
contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and support
sustainable development is hereby established under the authority and guidance
of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement for use by Parties on a voluntary basis. It shall be supervised
by a body designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of
the Parties to the Paris Agreement, and shall aim:
(a) To promote the
mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions while fostering sustainable development;
(b) To incentivize
and facilitate participation in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by
public and private entities authorized by a Party;
(c) To contribute to
the reduction of emission levels in the host Party, which will benefit from
mitigation activities resulting in emission reductions that can also be used by
another Party to fulfil its nationally determined contribution; and
(d) To deliver an
overall mitigation in global emissions.
5. Emission
reductions resulting from the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this
Article shall not be used to demonstrate achievement of the host Party’s
nationally determined contribution if used by another Party to demonstrate
achievement of its nationally determined contribution.
6. The Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall
ensure that a share of the proceeds from activities under the mechanism
referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article is used to cover administrative
expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly
vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of
adaptation.
7. The Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall
adopt rules, modalities and procedures for the mechanism referred to in
paragraph 4 of this Article at its first session.
8. Parties recognize
the importance of integrated, holistic and balanced non-market approaches being
available to Parties to assist in the implementation of their nationally
determined contributions, in the context of sustainable development and poverty
eradication, in a coordinated and effective manner, including through, inter
alia, mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology transfer and
capacity-building, as appropriate. These approaches shall aim to:
(a) Promote
mitigation and adaptation ambition;
(b) Enhance public
and private sector participation in the implementation of nationally determined
contributions; and
(c) Enable
opportunities for coordination across instruments and relevant institutional
arrangements.
9. A framework for
non-market approaches to sustainable development is hereby defined to promote
the non- market approaches referred to in paragraph 8 of this Article.
Article 7
1.
Parties hereby establish the global goal on adaptation of enhancing adaptive
capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate
change, with a view to contributing to sustainable development and ensuring an
adequate adaptation response in the context of the temperature goal referred to
in Article 2.
2. Parties recognize
that adaptation is a global challenge faced by all with local, subnational,
national, regional and international dimensions, and that it is a key component
of and makes a contribution to the long -term global response to climate change
to protect people, livelihoods and ecosystems, taking into account the urgent
and immediate needs of those developing country Parties that are particularly
vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.
3. The adaptation
efforts of developing country Parties shall be recognized, in accordance with
the modalities to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its first session.
4. Parties recognize
that the current need for adaptation is significant and that greater levels of
mitigation can reduce the need for additional adaptation efforts, and that
greater adaptation needs can involve greater adaptation costs.
5. Parties
acknowledge that adaptation action should follow a country-driven,
gender-responsive, participatory and fully transparent approach, taking into consideration
vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems, and should be based on and guided
by the best available science and, as appropriate, traditional knowledge,
knowledge of indigenous peoples and local knowledge systems, with a view to
integrating adaptation into relevant socioeconomic and environmental policies
and actions, where appropriate.
6. Parties recognize
the importance of support for and international cooperation on adaptation
efforts and the importance of taking into account the needs of developing
country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the
adverse effects of climate change.
7. Parties should
strengthen their cooperation on enhancing action on adaptation, taking into
account the Cancun Adaptation Framework, including with regard to:
(a) Sharing
information, good practices, experiences and lessons learned, including, as
appropriate, as these relate to science, planning, policies and implementation
in relation to adaptation actions;
(b) Strengthening institutional
arrangements, including those under the Convention that serve this Agreement,
to support the synthesis of relevant information and knowledge, and the provision
of technical support and guidance to Parties;
(c) Strengthening
scientific knowledge on climate, including research, systematic observation of
the climate system and early warning systems, in a manner that informs climate
services and supports decision- making;
(d) Assisting
developing country Parties in identifying effective adaptation practices,
adaptation needs, priorities, support provided and received for adaptation
actions and efforts, and challenges and gaps, in a manner consistent with
encouraging good practices;
(e) Improving the
effectiveness and durability of adaptation actions.
8. United Nations
specialized organizations and agencies are encouraged to support the efforts of
Parties to implement the actions referred to in paragraph 7 of this Article,
taking into account the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article.
9. Each Party shall,
as appropriate, engage in adaptation planning processes and the implementation
of actions, including the development or enhancement of relevant plans,
policies and/or contributions, which may include:
(a) The
implementation of adaptation actions, undertakings and/or efforts; (b) The
process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans;
(c) The assessment of
climate change impacts and vulnerability, with a view to formulating nationally
determined prioritized actions, taking into account vulnerable people, places
and ecosystems;
(d) Monitoring and
evaluating and learning from adaptation plans, policies, programmes and
actions; and
(e) Building the resilience
of socioeconomic and ecological systems, including through economic
diversification and sustainable management of natural resources.
10. Each Party
should, as appropriate, submit and update periodically an adaptation
communication, which may include its priorities, implementation and support
needs, plans and actions, without creating any additional burden for developing
country Parties.
11. The adaptation
communication referred to in paragraph 10 of this Article shall be, as
appropriate, submitted and updated periodically, as a component of or in
conjunction with other communications or documents, including a national
adaptation plan, a nationally determined contribution as referred to in Article
4, paragraph 2, and/or a national communication.
12. The adaptation
communications referred to in paragraph 10 of this Article shall be recorded in
a public registry maintained by the secretariat.
13. Continuous and enhanced
international support shall be provided to developing country Parties for the
implementation of paragraphs 7, 9, 10 and 11 of this Article, in accordance
with the provisions of Articles 9, 10 and 11.
14. The global
stocktake referred to in Article 14 shall, inter alia:
(a) Recognize
adaptation efforts of developing country Parties;
(b) Enhance the
implementation of adaptation action taking into account the adaptation
communication referred to in paragraph 10 of this Article;
(c) Review the
adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support provided for adaptation;
and
(d) Review the
overall progress made in achieving the global goal on adaptation referred to in
paragraph 1 of this Article.
Article 8
1.
Parties recognize the importance of averting, minimizing and addressing loss
and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including
extreme weather events and slow onset events, and the role of sustainable
development in reducing the risk of loss and damage.
2. The Warsaw
International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change
Impacts shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement and may be
enhanced and strengthened, as determined by the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
3. Parties should enhance
understanding, action and support, including through the Warsaw International
Mechanism, as appropriate, on a cooperative and facilitative basis with respect
to loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change.
4. Accordingly, areas
of cooperation and facilitation to enhance understanding, action and support
may include:
(a) Early warning
systems;
(b) Emergency
preparedness;
(c) Slow onset
events;
(d) Events that may
involve irreversible and permanent loss and damage;
(e) Comprehensive
risk assessment and management;
(f) Risk insurance
facilities, climate risk pooling and other insurance solutions;
(g) Non-economic
losses;
(h) Resilience of
communities, livelihoods and ecosystems.
5. The Warsaw
International Mechanism shall collaborate with existing bodies and expert
groups under the Agreement, as well as relevant organizations and expert bodies
outside the Agreement.
Article 9
1.
Developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist
developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in
continuation of their existing obligations under the Convention.
2. Other Parties are
encouraged to provide or continue to provide such support voluntarily.
3. As part of a
global effort, developed country Parties should continue to take the lead in
mobilizing climate finance from a wide variety of sources, instruments and
channels, noting the significant role of public funds, through a variety of
actions, including supporting country-driven strategies, and taking into
account the needs and priorities of developing country Parties. Such
mobilization of climate finance should represent a progression beyond previous
efforts.
4. The provision of scaled-up
financial resources should aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and
mitigation, taking into account country-driven strategies, and the priorities
and needs of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly
vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change and have significant
capacity constraints, such as the least developed countries and small island
developing States, considering the need for public and grant-based resources
for adaptation.
5. Developed country
Parties shall biennially communicate indicative quantitative and qualitative
information related to paragraphs 1 and 3 of this Article, as applicable,
including, as available, projected levels of public financial resources to be
provided to developing country Parties. Other Parties providing resources are
encouraged to communicate biennially such information on a voluntary basis.
6. The global
stocktake referred to in Article 14 shall take into account the relevant
information provided by developed country Parties and/or Agreement bodies on
efforts related to climate finance.
7. Developed country
Parties shall provide transparent and consistent information on support for
developing country Parties provided and mobilized through public interventions biennially
in accordance with the modalities, procedures and guidelines to be adopted by
the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement, at its first session, as stipulated in Article 13, paragraph
13. Other Parties are encouraged to do so.
8. The Financial
Mechanism of the Convention, including its operating entities, shall serve as the
financial mechanism of this Agreement.
9. The institutions
serving this Agreement, including the operating entities of the Financial
Mechanism of the Convention, shall aim to ensure efficient access to financial
resources through simplified approval procedures and enhanced readiness support
for developing country Parties, in particular for the least developed countries
and small island developing States, in the context of their national climate
strategies and plans.
Article 10
1.
Parties share a long-term vision on the importance of fully realizing
technology development and transfer in order to improve resilience to climate
change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Parties, noting
the importance of technology for the implementation of mitigation and
adaptation actions under this Agreement and recognizing existing technology
deployment and dissemination efforts, shall strengthen cooperative action on
technology development and transfer.
3. The Technology
Mechanism established under the Convention shall serve this Agreement.
4. A technology
framework is hereby established to provide overarching guidance to the work of
the Technology Mechanism in promoting and facilitating enhanced action on
technology development and transfer in order to support the implementation of
this Agreement, in pursuit of the long-term vision referred to in paragraph 1
of this Article.
5. Accelerating,
encouraging and enabling innovation is critical for an effective, long-term
global response to climate change and promoting economic growth and sustainable
development. Such effort shall be, as appropriate, supported, including by the
Technology Mechanism and, through financial means, by the Financial Mechanism
of the Convention, for collaborative approaches to research and development,
and facilitating access to technology, in particular for early stages of the
technology cycle, to developing country Parties.
6. Support, including
financial support, shall be provided to developing country Parties for the
implementation of this Article, including for strengthening cooperative action
on technology development and transfer at different stages of the technology
cycle, with a view to achieving a balance between support for mitigation and
adaptation. The global stocktake referred to in Article 14 shall take into
account available information on efforts related to support on technology
development and transfer for developing country Parties.
Article 11
1.
Capacity-building under this Agreement should enhance the capacity and ability
of developing country Parties, in particular countries with the least capacity,
such as the least developed countries, and those that are particularly
vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, such as small island
developing States, to take effective climate change action, including, inter
alia, to implement adaptation and mitigation actions, and should facilitate
technology development, dissemination and deployment, access to climate
finance, relevant aspects of education, training and public awareness, and the transparent,
timely and accurate communication of information.
2. Capacity-building
should be country-driven, based on and responsive to national needs, and foster
country ownership of Parties, in particular, for developing country Parties,
including at the national, subnational and local levels. Capacity-building
should be guided by lessons learned, including those from capacity-building
activities under the Convention, and should be an effective, iterative process
that is participatory, cross-cutting and gender-responsive.
3. All Parties should
cooperate to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties to implement
this Agreement. Developed country Parties should enhance support for
capacity-building actions in developing country Parties.
4. All Parties
enhancing the capacity of developing country Parties to implement this
Agreement, including through regional, bilateral and multilateral approaches,
shall regularly communicate on these actions or measures on capacity-building.
Developing country Parties should regularly communicate progress made on
implementing capacity-building plans, policies, actions or measures to
implement this Agreement.
5. Capacity-building
activities shall be enhanced through appropriate institutional arrangements to
support the implementation of this Agreement, including the appropriate
institutional arrangements established under the Convention that serve this
Agreement. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties
to the Paris Agreement shall, at its first session, consider and adopt a
decision on the initial institutional arrangements for capacity-building.
Article 12
Parties
shall cooperate in taking measures, as appropriate, to enhance climate change
education, training, public awareness, public participation and public access
to information, recognizing the importance of these steps with respect to
enhancing actions under this Agreement.
Article 13
1.
In order to build mutual trust and confidence and to promote effective
implementation, an enhanced transparency framework for action and support, with
built-in flexibility which takes into account Parties’ different capacities and
builds upon collective experience is hereby established.
2. The transparency
framework shall provide flexibility in the implementation of the provisions of
this Article to those developing country Parties that need it in the light of
their capacities. The modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in
paragraph 13 of this Article shall reflect such flexibility.
3. The transparency
framework shall build on and enhance the transparency arrangements under the
Convention, recognizing the special circumstances of the least developed
countries and small island developing States, and be implemented in a
facilitative, non-intrusive, non-punitive manner, respectful of national
sovereignty, and avoid placing undue burden on Parties.
4. The transparency
arrangements under the Convention, including national communications, biennial
reports and biennial update reports, international assessment and review and
international consultation and analysis, shall form part of the experience
drawn upon for the development of the modalities, procedures and guidelines
under paragraph 13 of this Article.
5. The purpose of the
framework for transparency of action is to provide a clear understanding of
climate change action in the light of the objective of the Convention as set
out in its Article 2, including clarity and tracking of progress towards
achieving Parties’ individual nationally determined contributions under Article
4, and Parties’ adaptation actions under Article 7, including good practices,
priorities, needs and gaps, to inform the global stocktake under Article 14.
6. The purpose of the
framework for transparency of support is to provide clarity on support provided
and received by relevant individual Parties in the context of climate change
actions under Articles 4, 7, 9, 10 and 11, and, to the extent possible, to
provide a full overview of aggregate financial support provided, to inform the
global stocktake under Article 14.
7. Each Party shall
regularly provide the following information:
(a) A national
inventory report of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of
greenhouse gases, prepared using good practice methodologies accepted by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement;
(b) Information
necessary to track progress made in implementing and achieving its nationally
determined contribution under Article 4.
8. Each Party should
also provide information related to climate change impacts and adaptation under
Article 7, as appropriate.
9. Developed country
Parties shall, and other Parties that provide support should, provide
information on financial, technology transfer and capacity-building support
provided to developing country Parties under Article 9, 10 and 11.
10. Developing
country Parties should provide information on financial, technology transfer
and capacity-building support needed and received under Articles 9, 10 and 11.
11. Information
submitted by each Party under paragraphs 7 and 9 of this Article shall undergo
a technical expert review, in accordance with decision 1/CP.21. For those
developing country Parties that need it in the light of their capacities, the
review process shall include assistance in identifying capacity-building needs.
In addition, each Party shall participate in a facilitative, multilateral
consideration of progress with respect to efforts under Article 9, and its
respective implementation and achievement of its nationally determined contribution.
12. The technical
expert review under this paragraph shall consist of a consideration of the
Party’s support provided, as relevant, and its implementation and achievement
of its nationally determined contribution. The review shall also identify areas
of improvement for the Party, and include a review of the consistency of the
information with the modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in
paragraph 13 of this Article, taking into account the flexibility accorded to
the Party under paragraph 2 of this Article. The review shall pay particular
attention to the respective national capabilities and circumstances of
developing country Parties.
13. The Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall,
at its first session, building on experience from the arrangements related to
transparency under the Convention, and elaborating on the provisions in this Article,
adopt common modalities, procedures and guidelines, as appropriate, for the
transparency of action and support.
14. Support shall be
provided to developing countries for the implementation of this Article.
15. Support shall
also be provided for the building of transparency-related capacity of
developing country Parties on a continuous basis.
Article 14
1.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement shall periodically take stock of the implementation of this
Agreement to assess the collective progress towards achieving the purpose of
this Agreement and its long-term goals (referred to as the “global stocktake”).
It shall do so in a comprehensive and facilitative manner, considering
mitigation, adaptation and the means of implementation and support, and in the
light of equity and the best available science.
2. The Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall
undertake its first global stocktake in 2023 and every five years thereafter
unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting
of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
3. The outcome of the
global stocktake shall inform Parties in updating and enhancing, in a
nationally determined manner, their actions and support in accordance with the
relevant provisions of this Agreement, as well as in enhancing international
cooperation for climate action.
Article 15
1.
A mechanism to facilitate implementation of and promote compliance with the
provisions of this Agreement is hereby established.
2. The mechanism
referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall consist of a committee that
shall be expert -based and facilitative in nature and function in a manner that
is transparent, non-adversarial and non-punitive. The committee shall pay
particular attention to the respective national capabilities and circumstances
of Parties.
3. The committee
shall operate under the modalities and procedures adopted by the Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its
first session and report annually to the Conference of the Parties serving as
the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
Article 16
1.
The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve
as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement.
2. Parties to the
Convention that are not Parties to this Agreement may participate as observers
in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as
the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. When the Conference of the
Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, decisions under
this Agreement shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Agreement.
3. When the
Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this
Agreement, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties
representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this
Agreement, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from
amongst the Parties to this Agreement.
4. The Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall
keep under regular review the implementation of this Agreement and shall make,
within its mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective
implementation. It shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Agreement
and shall:
(a) Establish such
subsidiary bodies as deemed necessary for the implementation of this Agreement;
and
(b) Exercise such
other functions as may be required for the implementation of this Agreement.
5. The rules of procedure
of the Conference of the Parties and the financial procedures applied under the
Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Agreement, except as
may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving
as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
6. The first session
of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the
first session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date
of entry into force of this Agreement. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris
Agreement shall be held in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference
of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
7. Extraordinary
sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties
to the Paris Agreement shall be held at such other times as may be deemed
necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to the Paris Agreement or at the written request of any Party, provide
d that, within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by
the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties.
8. The United Nations
and its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as
well as any State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the
Convention, may be represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement as observers. Any
body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental,
which is qualified in matters covered by this Agreement and which has informed
the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement as an
observer, may be so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present
object. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the
rules of procedure referred to in paragraph 5 of this Article.
Article 17
1.
The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the
secretariat of this Agreement.
2. Article 8,
paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and Article
8, paragraph 3, of the Convention, on the arrangements made for the functioning
of the secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement. The
secretariat shall, in addition, exercise the functions assigned to it under
this Agreement and by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of
the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
Article 18
1.
The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary
Body for Implementation established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention
shall serve, respectively, as the Subsidiar y Body for Scientific and
Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this
Agreement. The provisions of the Convention relating to the functioning of
these two bodies shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement. Sessions of
the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and
the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Agreement shall be held in
conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for
Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation
of the Convention.
2. Parties to the
Convention that are not Parties to this Agreement may participate as observers
in the proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies. When the subsidiary
bodies serve as the subsidiary bodies of this Agreement, decisions under this
Agreement shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Agreement.
3. When the
subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise
their functions with regard to matters concerning this Agreement, any member of
the bureaux of those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention
but, at that time, not a Party to this Agreement, shall be replaced by an
additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this
Agreement.
Article 19
1.
Subsidiary bodies or other institutional arrangements established by or under
the Convention, other than those referred to in this Agreement, shall serve
this Agreement upon a decision of the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. The Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall specify the
functions to be exercised by such subsidiary bodies or arrangements.
2. The Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement may
provide further guidance to such subsidiary bodies and institutional
arrangements.
Article 20
1.
This Agreement shall be open for signature and subject to ratification,
acceptance or approval by States and regional economic integration
organizations that are Parties to the Convention. It shall be open for
signature at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from 22 April 2016 to
21 April 2017. Thereafter, this Agre ement shall be open for accession from the
day following the date on which it is closed for signature. Instruments of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the
Depositary.
2. Any regional
economic integration organization that becomes a Party to this Agreement without
any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations
under this Agreement. In the case of regional economic integration
organizations with one or more member States that are Parties to this
Agreement, the organization and its member States shall decide on their
respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this
Agreement. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be
entitled to exercise rights under this Agreement concurrently.
3. In their instruments
of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic integration
organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters
governed by this Agreement. These organizations shall also inform the
Depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any substantial
modification in the extent of their competence.
Article 21
1.
This Agreement shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date on
which at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an
estimated 55 percent of the total global greenhouse gas emissions have
deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
2. Solely for the
limited purpose of paragraph 1 of this Article, “total global greenhouse gas
emissions” means the most up-to-date amount communicated on or before the date
of adoption of this Agreement by the Parties to the Convention.
3. For each State or
regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or approves
this Agreement or accedes thereto after the conditions set out in paragraph 1
of this Article for entry into force have been fulfilled, this Agreement shall
enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of deposit by such State
or regional economic integration organization of its instrument of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
4. For the purposes
of paragraph 1 of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic
integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited
by its member States.
Article 22
The
provisions of Article 15 of the Convention on the adoption of amendments to the
Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement.
Article 23
1.
The provisions of Article 16 of the Convention on the adoption and amendment of
annexes to the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement.
2. Annexes to this
Agreement shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise expressly
provided for, a reference to this Agreement constitutes at the same time a
reference to any annexes thereto. Such annexes shall be restricted to lists,
forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific,
technical, procedural or administrative character.
Article 24
The
provisions of Article 14 of the Convention on settlement of disputes shall
apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement.
Article 25
1.
Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided for paragraph 2 of this
Article.
2. Regional economic
integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise
their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member
States that are Parties to this Agreement. Such an organization shall not
exercise its right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right, and
vice versa.
Article 26
The
Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this
Agreement.
Article
27
No reservations may
be made to this Agreement.
Article 28
1.
At any time after three years from the date on which this Agreement has entered
into force for a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Agreement by giving
written notification to the Depositary.
2. Any such
withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year from the date of receipt
by the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as
may be specified in the notification of withdrawal.
3. Any Party that withdraws
from the Convention shall be considered as also having withdrawn from this Agreement.
Article 29
The
original of this Agreement, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French,
Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the
Secretary-General of the United Nations.
DONE at Paris this
twelfth day of December two thousand and fifteen.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this
Agreement.