THE COUNCIL OF JUDGES OF THE SUPREME PEOPLE'S COURT
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SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence
– Freedom - Happiness
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No: 03/2019/NQ-HDTP
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Hanoi, May 24 2019
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RESOLUTION
ON PROVIDING GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE 324 OF CRIMINAL CODE ON
MONEY LAUNDERING
THE COUNCIL OF JUDGES OF THE SUPREME
PEOPLE'S COURT
Pursuant to Law on the
organization of People's court dated November 24 2014;
For the purposes of
consistent and proper application of the provisions of Article 324 of the
Criminal Code No. 100/2015 / QH13 amended and supplemented a number of articles
under Law No. 12/2017/ QH14
At the request of the
Director of the People’s Supreme Procuracy and the Minister of Justice
HEREBY RESOLVES:
Article 1. Scope
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Article 2. Terms used
on guidelines for Article 324 of Criminal Code
1. "money” consists
of Vietnam Dong, any foreign currency; cash or money in account.
2.”property”
includes objects, valuable papers, property rights defined the Civil Code which
exist in a physical or nonphysical form; estate or real estate; tangible or
invisible; legal documents or instruments proving ownership or interest in the
property.
3. Money or property
“obtained by crime” or “obtained through commission of a crime” are
money and property through the commission of a crime.
The determination of a
crime is based on one of the following documents:
a) Judgment, decisions of Court;
b) Documents and evidence
provided by the proceeding authority (for example: prosecutions decisions,
investigation conclusions, indictments ...);
c) Other documents and
evidence identifying offenses (e.g. documents, evidence from the International
Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), Financial Action Task Force (FATF),
criminal justice assistant documents etc.).
4. In the following
cases, the offender is considered to “have knowledge of another person’s
commission of a crime”:
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b) The offender knows
about the original crime committed by another person through media broadcasts
(for example: the original crime was reported and broadcasted by newspapers,
televisions);
c) By common sense, the
offender knows that the money or property is obtained through commission of a
crime by another person (e.g.: Mrs. A knows that her husband is an employee of
a state agency with a salary of VND 8 million / month and without any other sources
of income, but she still receives the husband's money of 10 billion dong to
contribute capital to the enterprise without asking about the source of money);
d) As specified in law,
the offender must know that the
money or property is obtained through commission of a crime by another person
(e.g. Mr.A buys an car without paper from Mr. for a price of one tenth of its
value.)
Article 3. Original
crimes
1. Original crimes are
the crimes prescribed in the Criminal Code and the property acquired from such
crimes is subject to money laundering charges (e.g. murder; intentionally
inflicting injury or harm to the health of other persons; human trafficking,
trafficking of a person under 16, robbing property, kidnapping for ransom,
property theft, obtaining property by fraud, abusing trust in appropriating
property; smuggling, illegally transporting goods and money across the border,
producing and trading banned goods, storing and transporting banned goods,
production and trading counterfeit goods; tax evasion, making, storing,
transporting and circulating counterfeit money, manipulating the stock market,
copyright infringement and related issues, violating regulations on protection
of wild animals, causing environmental pollution, violating regulations on
protection of endangered, precious and rare animals, illegal storage of
narcotics drugs, illegally transporting narcotics, illegally buying and selling
narcotics; appropriating narcotics drugs; terrorism; sponsoring terrorism;
kidnapping hostages; fabricating, storing, transporting, using, illegally
trading or appropriating military weapons and military technical devices;
gambling; organizing gambling or running gambling den; property embezzlement;
bribery; abusing positions, powers to appropriate property ...). Original
crimes can be committed by Vietnamese citizens, Vietnamese commercial entities,
stateless people who are permanently residing in Vietnam within or outside the
territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
Crimes committed outside
the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam by foreign citizens, foreign
legal persons are also considered original crimes if they are prescribed in the
Criminal Code of Vietnam or law of the criminal’s home country/territory.
2. The prosecution of
criminal liability for money laundering can be carried out simultaneously with
the criminal prosecution of the original crimes and does not exclude the
criminal prosecution of the original crimes.
Article 4. Crime
determination circumstances
1. “The act of directly
or indirectly participating in financial and banking transactions”
prescribed at Point a, Clause 1, Article 324 of the Criminal Code is a person’s
commission, assistance in commission or through another person commits or
assists in commission of one of the following acts to conceal the illegal
origin of money and property committed by the offender, or having knowledge
that it is committed by another person:
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b) Contributing capital,
mobilizing capital into enterprises with money or property in any form;
c) Withdrawing money in
any form and with various instruments such as checks, bills of exchange, and
means of legal payment in accordance with law.
d) Pledging or mortgage
of assets;
dd) Lending, financial
leasing;
e) Money transfer or
value transfer;
g) Trading stocks, bonds
and other valuable papers;
h) Participating in
issuing stocks;
i) Providing financial
guarantee and commitment, foreign currency trading, transferable money market
instruments and securities;
k) Managing individual
and collective portfolios;
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m) Managing or providing
life insurance and other investment-related insurance;
n) Other activities in
financial and banking transactions as prescribed by law.
2. "The
act of directly or indirectly participating in other transactions” prescribed
at Point a, Clause 1, Article 324 of the Criminal Code is a person’s commission,
assistance in commission or through other persons another person commit or
assist in commission of one of the following acts to conceal the illegal origin
of money or property obtained through his/her commission of a crime or obtained
through another person's commission of a crime to his/her knowledge:
a) Gambling in casino;
running casino business;
b) Participating in
prize-winning games (playing, doing business);
c) Buying and selling
antiques;
d) Other acts that have
no relevance to finance and banking.
3. “A person’s use of
money or property obtained through his/her commission of a crime or obtained
through another person's commission of a crime to his/her knowledge for doing
business” prescribed at point b clause 1 Article 324 of Criminal Code is
the use of such money and/or property to conduct one, or several, or all stages
of the investment process, from the manufacturing to the sale of products; or
the provision of services in the market for profitable purposes.
4. “A person’s use of
money or property obtained through his/her commission of a crime or obtained
through another person's commission of a crime to his/her knowledge for other
activities” prescribed at point b clause 1 Article 324 of Criminal
Code is the use of such money and/or property to provide services, building
schools, hospitals or to provide sponsorship, charitable donations, humanity
aids or other activities.
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Article 5. Penalty
determination circumstances
1. "the offender
abuses positions and powers” prescribed at Point b, Clause 2, Article 324
of the Criminal Code are cases where a person abuses his/her position or power
to commit one of the acts prescribed in Clause 1 Article 324 of the Criminal
Code and the guidance in Article 4 of this Resolution.
2. ”the offence has been
committed more than once” specified at Point c, Clause 2, Article 324 of
the Criminal Code is the case where the offender commits the money laundering
two or more times but has not yet been prosecuted and the statute of limitation
for criminal prosecution has not expired.
For example, on May 15
2018, Nguyen Van A committed the money laundering offense. In February 15 2019,
A again committed the money laundering offense and is captured. With these two
commissions, Nguyen Van A has not yet been prosecuted. In this case, Nguyen Van
A will be prosecuted for money laundering in accordance with Point c, Clause 2,
Article 324 of the Criminal Code.
3.”The offence is
committed in a professional manner” specified at Point c, Clause 2,
Article 324 of the Criminal Code is the case when the offender commits the
money laundering offense five or more times (whether he/she has been
prosecuted, and the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution has not yet
expired or the previous conviction is still unspent) and the offender uses the
illicit profits from the money laundering as an income source.
4. ”Deceitful methods”
specified at point dd, Clause 2, Article 324 of the Criminal Code is the case
when the offender uses high technologies and/or in association with person with
authority and power in the Government agencies or fraudulent methods to destroy
evidence, concealing the offence in order to cause difficulties in detecting,
investigating and handling crimes.
5. “Negative impact on
security of the national currency or finance system” specified at point c
clause 3 article 324 of the Criminal Code is the case of criminal acts
affecting the stability or causing the risk of instability in finance system or
national currency. (e.g. losing public trust, losing the liquidity, losing the
balance of finance and currency system …).
Article 6. Effect
This Resolution is passed
by the Council of Judges of the Supreme People’s Court on May 23 2019 and comes
into force from July 7 2019.
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ON BEHALF OF THE COUNCIL OF JUDGES
CHIEF PROSECUTOR
Nguyen Hoa Binh