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MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT OF VIETNAM
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SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom – Happiness
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No. 17/2022/TT-BTNMT
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Hanoi, November 15, 2022
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CIRCULAR
METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT, REPORTING, APPRAISAL OF REDUCTION
OF GREEN HOUSE GAS (GHG) EMISSIONS AND GHG INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT IN WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Pursuant
to the Law on Environment Protection dated November 17, 2020;
Pursuant
to the Government's Decree No. 68/2022/ND-CP dated September 22, 2022 on
functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment;;
Pursuant
to the Government's Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP dated January 07, 2022 on
reduction of GHG emissions and protection of the ozone layer;
At
the request of the Director of Department of Climate Change (DCC) and the
Director of Legal Department;
The
Minister of Natural Resources and Environment promulgates a Decree on methods
for measurement, reporting, appraisal of mitigation of green GHG) emissions and
GHG inventory in waste management.
Chapter
I
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Article
1. Scope
This
Circular provides for methods for measurement, reporting, appraisal of
reduction of green house gas (GHG) emissions and GHG inventory in waste
management.
Article
2. Regulated entities
This
Circular applies to organizations and individuals involved in the measurement,
reporting, appraisal of reduction of GHG emissions and GHG inventory in waste
management, and waste treatment facilities.
Article
3. Definitions
1.
GHG emission sources are places where there are physical, chemical processes
that directly emit GHG or activities using electricity or thermal energy.
2.
Activity data are quantitative figures of activities emitting GHG, including
quantity of fuel, energy, electricity consumed, materials or land area
affected.
3.
Base year is the statutory time for collection of activity data, calculation of
GHG emissions of a country, sector or facility.
4.
Emission baseline is the assumption of total GHG emission in the year of a
sector following a Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario of that sector within a
certain period of time.
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Chapter
II
GHG INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT IN WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Section
1. SECTOR-LEVEL GHG INVENTORY
Article
4. Process for development of sector-level GHG inventory
1.
Identification of method for sector-level GHG inventory development.
2.
Selection of sector-level GHG emission factors.
3.
Collection of activity data for sector-level GHG inventory development.
4.
Calculation of sector-level GHG emission and absorption.
5.
Management of sector-level GHG inventory quality.
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7.
Assessment of uncertainties of sector-level GHG inventories0}
8.
Recalculation of sector-level GHG inventories.
9. Preparation
of reports serving sector-specific national GHG inventories.
Article
5. Identification of method for sector-level GHG inventory development
The
method for sector-level GHG inventory development shall comply with the 2006
IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories (hereinafter referred to as
"IPCC 2006) and the 2019 Refinement for the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for
National GHG Inventories (hereinafter referred to as "IPCC 2019").
Detailed
inventory development methods for each sub-field are specified in Appendix I.1
hereof.
Article
6. Selection of sector-level GHG emission factors
Emission
factors used for sector-level GHG inventory shall be applied according to the
list of emission factors announced by the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment.
Article
7. Collection of activity data for sector-level GHG inventory development
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Article
8. Calculation of sector-level GHG emission and absorption
Sector-level
GHG emissions shall be calculated using the methods for GHG inventory mentioned
in Article 5 of this Circular. GHG inventory results shall be calculated and
consolidated on the basis of activity data, emission factors, global warming
potential values for sources of emission and absorption that undergo GHG
inventory.
Article
9. Management of sector-level GHG inventory quality
The
process for management of GHG inventory quality is based upon IPCC 2006 and
IPCC 2019. Activities in the procedures include:
1. Inspect
the comprehensiveness, accuracy and adequacy of data
a)
Inspect the hypotheses and standards for selection of activity data, emission
factors and conversion factors;
b)
Inspect errors of data input and reference documents;
c)
Inspect data consolidation;
d)
Inspect numbering continuity;
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2.
Identify and rectify errors and mistakes
a)
Inspect the method for GHG inventory development;
b)
Inspect the method for writing parameters and units, and use of conversion factors;
c)
Inspect uncertainties of emission results.
3.
Inspect inventory documentation
a)
Inspect the adequacy of inventory documentation;
b)
Review archived documents.
Article
10. Assurance of quality of sector-level GHG inventories
The
process for assurance of GHG inventory quality is based upon IPCC 2006 and IPCC
2019. Activities in the procedures include. The activities in this process
shall be carried by agencies that do not participate in the sector-level GHG
inventory development
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Uncertainties
of sector-level GHG inventory shall be assessed according to IPCC 2006 and IPCC
2019.
2.
Prepare a datasheet of uncertainties of sector-level GHG inventories.
Article
12. Recalculation of sector-level GHG inventories
Recalculation
of sector-level GHG inventories of the previous period shall be carried in the
following cases:
1.
There are errors in the calculation results of greenhouse gas emissions.
2.
There are changes to the method for quantification of GHG, activity data and
emission factors.
Article
13. Preparation of reports on sector-level GHG inventories
Reports
on sector-level GHG inventories shall be prepared according to Form No. 04 in
Appendix II of the Government’s Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP.
Section
2. Development of facility-level GHG inventory
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Steps
of facility-level GHG inventory development:
1.
Identification of operational boundaries and method for facility-level GHG
inventory development.
2.
Selection of facility-level GHG emission factors.
3.
Selection and collection of activity data for facility-level GHG inventory
development.
4.
Calculation of facility-level GHG emissions;
5.
Management of facility-level GHG inventory quality.
6.
Assessment of uncertainties of facility-level GHG inventories.
7.
Recalculation of facility-level GHG inventories.
8.
Preparation of facility-level GHG inventory reports.
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Operational
boundaries shall be determined in accordance with TCVN ISO 14064-1:2011, Part
1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and
reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals, including:
a)
Identification of GHG-emitting activities;
b)
Classify sources of GHG emissions into direct emission sources and indirect
emission sources.
Article
16. Identification of method for facility-level GHG inventory development
Article
17. Selection of facility-level GHG emission factors
Emission
factors used for facility-level GHG inventory development shall be used
according to the list of emission factors announced by the Minister of Natural
Resources and Environment.
Article
18. Selection and collection of activity data for facility-level GHG inventory
development
Activity
data for each facility-level of GHG emission source shall be selected and
collected in accordance with Appendix II.2 hereof.
Article
19. Calculation of facility-level GHG emissions
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Article
20. Management of facility-level GHG inventory quality
The
process for management of facility-level GHG inventory development shall be
based upon TCVN ISO 14064-1:2011, Part 1: Specification with guidance at the
organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions
and removals, including the following steps:
1.
Identification and inspection of responsibility and authority of persons
responsible for GHG inventory development.
2.
Identification, implementation and review of appropriate training for members
of the GHG inventory development team.
3.
Identification and review of operational boundaries of the facility.
4.
Identification and review of sources of GHG emissions.
5.
Selection and inspection of quantification methodologies, including activity
data and GHG emission factors.
6.
Review of the application of GHG inventory development methods in order to
ensure consistency across multiple facilities.
7.
Use, maintenance and calibration of measurement equipment.
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9.
Regular accuracy checks.
Article
21. Assessment of uncertainties of facility-level GHG inventories
Assessment
of uncertainties of facility-level GHG inventories shall be carried out in
accordance with Appendix II.3 hereof.
Article
22. Recalculation of facility-level GHG inventories
1.
Recalculation of facility-level GHG inventories shall be carried in the
following cases:
a)
There are changes in operational boundaries that lead to changes in emission
sources and activity data of this facility;
b)
There are changes in GHG emission sources due to changes to the right to
ownership, operation of the facility;
c)
There are errors in the calculation results of greenhouse gas emissions and
application of emission factors;
d)
There are errors in collection, processing of activity data of the facility
which lead to a change in GHG emission by more than 10% of the reported result.
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Article
23. Preparation of reports on facility-level GHG inventories
1.
Reports on facility-level GHG inventories shall be prepared according to Form
No. 06 in Appendix II of the Government’s Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, and
submitted to competent authorities of the People’s Committees of provinces for
appraisal as per regulations.
2.
The appraised facility-level GHG inventories shall be sent to the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment via the online GHG inventory database
Chapter
III
MEASUREMENT, REPORTING, APPRAISAL OF GHG
EMISSION REDUCTION
Section
1. Guidance on measurement, reporting, appraisal of sector-level GHG emission
reduction
Article
24. Basis for measurement, reporting of sector-level GHG emission reduction
a)
Development of an emission baseline for the 2023 – 2030 period;
b)
Measurement of GHG emission reduction;
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2.
Reports on sector-level GHG emission reduction shall be prepared according to
Form No. 01 in Appendix III of the Government’s Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP.
3.
The measurement and reporting of GHG emission reduction shall be expressed in
Section IV Supervision Activities of the Plan for Sector-wide GHG Emission
Reduction in Form 01 of Appendix IV of the Government’s Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP.
Article
25. Development of an emission baseline in waste management
1.
The emission baseline in waste management shall be developed annually over the
2023 - 2030 period for every emission source being inventoried, including:
a)
Emission from burial of solid wastes;
b)
Emission from biological treatment of wastes;
c)
Emission from incineration and open burning of wastes;
d)
Emission from treatment and discharge of wastewater;
dd)
Emission from emission reduction activities during treatment and destruction of
wastes.
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a)
Develop a BAU scenario in waste management on the basis of current waste
management situation before implementation of GHG emission reduction policies
in the 2023 – 2030 period, relevant socio-economic development scenarios that
are relevant to waste management in the 2023 – 2030 period and forecasts about
the quantity of wastes to be treated in the 2023 – 2030 period;
b)
The method for calculation of GHG emissions following the BAU scenario shall
apply the method for sector-level GHG inventory development in Appendix I.1
hereof;
3.
The emission baseline must be updated every 02 years and included in the
sector-level GHG emission reduction report.
Article
26. Method for measurement of sector-level GHG emission reduction
The
sector-level GHG emission reduction in 01 year is calculated as follows:
ERCT = ∑d ERd
Where:
ERCT is the emission
reduction in waste management in 01 year (tCO2tđ);
ERd is emission
reduction in 01 year of policy d (tCO2tđ);
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ERd is calculated as
follows:
ERd = ∑i (BEd,i,k - PEd,i,k
)
Where:
BEd,i,k
is the GHG emission in 01 year following a BAU scenario with k amount of waste
from emission source i and treated by measure d (tCO2tđ). BEd,i
is calculated in accordance with regulations on GHG inventory development
in Appendix I.1 of this Circular.
PEd,i,k
is the GHG emission in 01 year with k amount of waste from emission source i
and treated by measure d (tCO2tđ).
i is
the emission source, including: emission from burial of solid wastes; (2)
emission from biological treatment of wastes; Emission from incineration and
open burning of wastes; Emission from treatment and discharge of wastewater;
and Emission from emission reduction activities during treatment and
destruction of wastes.
Article
27. Development of sector-level supervision plan
1. A
supervision plan has the following primary contents:
a)
Information about the supervision system, roles and responsibilities of
organizations in the supervision system, resources and equipment necessary for
supervision;
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c)
Information about parameters that need measuring, frequency and method of
measurement;
d)
Information about the system for management and storage of collected data;
dd)
Information about QA/QC process.
Article
28. Preparation of reports on sector-level GHG emission reduction
1. A
report on sector-level GHG emission reduction has the following primary
contents:
b)
Information about the emission baseline in waste management;
b)
Information about the policies;
c)
Information about methods for measurement and organization of measurement of
GHG emission reduction for each policy;
d)
The GHG emission reduction of each policy and the entire sector in the
reporting period.
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Article
29. Appraisal of sector-level GHG emission reduction
1.
Appraisal of sector-level GHG emission reduction in waste management shall be
carried out in accordance with Article 11 of Circular No. 01/2022/TT-BTNMT.
2.
The appraisal result shall be published on the website of the Minister of
Natural Resources and Environment.
Section
2. Guidance on facility-level measurement, reporting of GHG emission reduction
Article
30. Basis for measurement, reporting of facility-level
GHG emission reduction
1.
The measurement of facility-level GHG emission reduction shall be carried out
according to the facility-level GHG emission reduction plan, including the
following activities:
a)
Estimation of GHG emissions without application of GHG emission reduction
technology or measure (hereinafter referred to as "estimated emission");
b)
Measurement of GHG emission reduction;
2.
Reports on facility-level GHG emission reduction shall be prepared according to
Form No. 02 in Appendix III of the Government’s Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP.
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Article
31. Development of facility's estimated emissions
1. A
facility's estimated emissions include estimated emissions from all GHG
emission sources in each year over implementation period of the plan for GHG
emission reduction.
2.
Steps of estimating a facility's emissions:
a)
Develop the facility's BAU scenario;
b)
Identify of GHG emission sources within the facility's scope of operation;
c)
Identify the method for calculation of the estimated GHG emissions following
the BAU scenario;
d)
Calculated the estimated GHG emissions following the BAU scenario.
3. In
case the facility has not taken any reduction measure when developing the plan
for GHG emission reduction, the BAU scenario shall describe the entire process
of collection, transport, and treatment of wastes of the facility.
4. In
case the facility has not taken any reduction measure when developing the plan
for GHG emission reduction, the BAU scenario shall describe the entire process
of collection, transport, and treatment of wastes of the facility.
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b)
Emissions from the treatment and destruction of wastes include: Emissions of CH4
from landfills due to unavailability of a system for collection of gases
landfills or low effectiveness of the system leads to leakage of CH4;
Emissions of CH4 when unused landfill gases or biogas are burned in
treatment areas, when solid wastes are destructed causing leakage of CH4
due to incomplete incineration of landfill gases or biogas; Emission of CO2
from combustion of fossil fuel during incineration of wastes, consumption of
gasoline and diesel in vehicles; Emissions of CO2 due to electricity
consumption during the process of wastes treatment of the facility; Emission of
CH4 from leachate of landfills and waste reservoirs at
waste-to-energy (WTE) plants; Emissions of CH4 from organic
wastewater causing anaerobic digestion of wastes; Emission of CO2
from incineration of wastes; Emission of CH4 and N2O from
incineration of wastes; Emission of CH4 from anaerobic digestion of
organic materials; Emissions of CH4 due to leakage during the storage
of digesters in anaerobic digestion tanks; Emission of CH4 and N2O
during composting and treatment of organic wastes.
c)
Emission from classification and recycling of garbage;
d)
Emissions of CO2 due to electricity consumption by other activities of a waste
treatment facility.
6.
Identify the method for calculation of estimated emissions following the BAU
scenario:
a)
Identify the method for calculation of GHG emissions from each emission source
of the facility;
b)
Identify the monitoring parameters serving calculation of GHG emissions
following the BAU scenario.
Article
32. Method for measurement of GHG emission reduction of facility
1.
The GHG emission reduction of a facility in 01 year is calculated as follows:
ER = ERWCT
+ ERWT + ERWR
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ER is the emission reduction of the facility in 01 year (tCO2tđ).
ERWCT is the reduction in emissions from collection and
transport of wastes in 01 year (tCO2tđ).
ERWT is the reduction in emissions from treatment, destruction
of wastes in 01 year (tCO2tđ).
2.
Reduction in GHG emissions from collection, transport of wastes is calculated
as follows:
Reduction
in GHG emissions from collection, transport of wastes includes the reduction achieved
from replacement of waste collection and transport vehicles powered by gasoline
and diesel with electric vehicles and low emission vehicles. Reduction in GHG
emissions from transport of wastes is calculated as follows:
ERWCT =
ERBEV + ERBDS
Where:
ERBEV is emission reduction due to replacement of waste
collection and transport vehicles powered by gasoline and diesel with electric
vehicles in 01 year (tCO2tđ).
ERBDS is emission reduction due to replacement of waste
collection and transport vehicles powered by gasoline and diesel with low
emission vehicles in 01 year (tCO2tđ).
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3.
Reduction in GHG emissions from treatment and destruction of wastes is
calculated as follows:
ERWT = ∑d
ERd
Where:
ERWT is the reduction in emission from treatment, destruction
of wastes in 01 year năm.
ERd: is the GHG emission reduction of the facility after
having implemented GHG emission reduction measure d for 01 year, (tCO2tđ
/year). ERd is calculated as follows:
ERd = BEd
- PEd
Where:
BEd is the estimated emissions of the facility from treatment,
destruction of wastes following the BAU scenario in 01 year (tCO2tđ/year).
PEd is the GHG emissions of the facility in 01 year (tCO2tđ/year).
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4.
Reduction in GHG emissions from waste recycling is calculated as follows:
ERWR = ERWRPj + ERWRIj
Where:
ERWR
is the reduction in emission from waste
recycling at the facility (tCO2tđ /year).
ERWRPj
is the reduction in emission from reuse of
waste j as materials for production (tCO2tđ/year).
ERWRIj
is the reduction in emission from
recycling of waste j instead of incineration or burial (tCO2tđ/year).
j is
the recycled wastes, including paper, plastic, glass, metal.
Monitoring
parameters and method for calculation of ERWRPj and ERWRIj
are elaborated in Appendix III.2 hereof.
Article
33. Development of supervision plan
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a)
Detailed information about the supervision system, roles and responsibilities
of individuals and organizations in the supervision system, resources and
equipment necessary for supervision;
b)
Information about the methods for measurements of GHG emission reduction for
different measures for GHG emission reduction of the facility;
c)
Information about parameters that need measuring, measurement frequency in a
reporting period;
d)
Information about the system for management and storage of collected data;
dd)
Information about QA/QC process.
2.
The supervision plan must be presented in the facility's GHG emission reduction
report and updated in case of change during the implementation.
Article
34. Preparation of reports on GHG emission reduction of waste treatment
facilities
Steps
of preparation of a report on GHG emission reduction of a waste treatment
facility:
2.
Prepare reports according to Form No. 02 in Appendix III of the Government’s
Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP.
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4.
Complete the reports according to the appraisers' opinions, send them to Department
of Natural Resources and Environment and the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment via the online GHG inventory database.
Article
35. Appraisal of facility-level GHG emission reduction
1.
Appraisal of facility-level GHG emission reduction of waste treatment
facilities shall be carried out in accordance with Article 13 of Circular No.
01/2022/TT-BTNMT.
2.
Facilities shall send completed GHG emission reduction reports enclosed with
the appraisal reports to Department of Natural Resources and Environment and
the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Chapter
IV
IMPLEMENTATION CLAUSES
Article
36. Entry into force
This
Circular shall enter into force on February 15, 2023.
Article
37. Organization of implementation
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2.
Department of Climate Change shall be responsible for providing guidance,
inspect and supervise the implementation of this Circular.
3.
When the legislative documents referred to in this Circular are amended or
replaced, the newest regulations shall apply.
4.
Difficulties that arise during the implementation of this Circular should be
reported to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (via Department
of Climate Chang) for consideration and settlement./.
PP MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER
Le Cong Thanh