COUNCIL OF
JUSTICES
THE SUPREME PEOPLE’S COURT
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THE SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence - Freedom - Happiness
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No.
05/2019/NQ-HDTP
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Hanoi, August 15,
2019
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RESOLUTION
GUIDELINES
FOR APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 214 ON SOCIAL INSURANCE AND UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
FRAUD, ARTICLE 215 ON HEALTH INSURANCE FRAUD AND ARTICLE 216 ON EVADING PAYMENT
OF SOCIAL INSURANCE, HEALTH INSURANCE, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FOR WORKERS OF
THE CRIMINAL CODE
COUNCIL OF JUSTICES OF
THE SUPREME PEOPLE’S COURT
Pursuant to the Law on Organization of the
People’s Court dated November 24, 2014;
Aiming to consistently and precisely apply
regulations of Articles 214, 215, and 216 of the Criminal Code No.
100/2015/QH13 certain articles of which are amended by the Law No.
12/2017/QH14; the Criminal Procedure Code No. 101/2015/QH13;
With the opinions of the Chief Procurator of the
Supreme People’s Procuracy and the Minister of Justice,
HEREBY RESOLVES:
Article 1. Scope
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Article 2. Regarding certain
terms used in guidelines for application of Articles 214, 215 and 216 of the
Criminal Code
1. “forging or falsifying documents” prescribed
in Point a Clause 1 Article 214 of the Criminal Code means forging or
falsifying social insurance or unemployment insurance documents (for example:
unreal documents, documents which are not issued by competent authorities or
are issued against the law, ultra vires, or not within the time limit, etc.) to
obtain the following benefits: sickness benefit; maternity benefit;
occupational accidents and occupational diseases; pension; death benefit;
unemployment benefit; job counseling and placement; vocational training
support; assistance for advanced training program to improve skills and
knowledge for workers and other benefits as per the law.
2. “forging medical records” prescribed in
Point a Clause 1 Article 215 of the Criminal Code means that in fact a health insurance
participant does not have or has medical examination or treatment and he/she is
not required to be treated, but his/her medical record has been still made.
3. “forging prescriptions” prescribed in
Point a Clause 1 Article 215 of the Criminal Code means that in fact a health
insurance participant does not have or has medical examination or treatment and
no drug is prescribed, but his/her prescriptions has been still given.
4. “falsely increase the quantity or types of
medicines, medical equipment, services, treatment costs” prescribed in
Point a Clause 1 Article 215 of the Criminal Code means that in fact a health
insurance participant does not have or has medical examination or treatment but
an increased quantity of medicines, medical equipment, services has been
prescribed compared to quantity actually used by the patient or additional
types of medicines, medical equipment, services have been prescribed which are
not used by the patient; an increased quantity of inpatient days at the health
facility has been prescribed or incorrect names of medicines, medical
equipment, services have been prescribed compared to those actually used by the
patient to increase the costs of medical examination and treatment to be
covered by the health insurance fund.
5. “other costs” prescribed in Point a
Clause 1 Article 215 of the Criminal Code means the costs incurred during the
medical examination and treatment process at health facilities, excluding costs
of medicines, medical equipment, services and treatment costs (such as: medical
examination cost, patient transport cost, etc.).
6. “forging documents, health insurance cards” prescribed
in Point b Clause 1 Article 215 of the Criminal Code means prepare and use
documents, health insurance cards not issued by competent authorities or
falsify documents, health insurance cards of other people in order to illegally
obtain health insurance benefits.
7. “fictitious health insurance card” prescribed
in Point b Clause 1 Article 215 of the Criminal Code means a health insurance
card issued by the competent authority to a person who has not contributed to
the health insurance fund or is not entitled to receive contribution to health
insurance fund from other organizations or funds as prescribed.
8. “fake health insurance card” prescribed
in Point b Clause 1 Article 215 of the Criminal Code means a health insurance
card not issued by the competent authority.
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10. “evading payment of insurance” prescribed
in Article 216 of the Criminal Code means that an employer who is obliged to
pay social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance for its workers
deceives or uses other tricks to not to pay or pay insufficiently for its workers
who are eligible for social insurance, health insurance, and unemployment
insurance.
11. “deceive to not to pay or pay insufficiently
social insurance, health insurance, and unemployment insurance” prescribed
in Clause 1 Article 216 of the Criminal Code means a person who intentionally
fails to declare or declare untruthfully the payment of social insurance,
health insurance, and unemployment insurance to the competent authorities.
12. “fail to pay social insurance, health
insurance and unemployment insurance” prescribed in Clause 1 Article 216 of
the Criminal Code means that an employer fails to submit an application for
payment of social insurance, health insurance and unemployment insurance for
its workers or has submitted such an application and clarify sufficient
participants and amounts to be paid, prepare proof and salary statement for
workers and corporate income, but fails to pay social insurance, health
insurance and unemployment insurance to the social security agency as
prescribed.
13. “pay insufficiently" prescribed in
Clause 1 Article 216 of the Criminal Code means that an employer has clarified
sufficient insurance amounts to be paid, prepare proof and salary statements
for workers and corporate income but it has just partly paid the social
insurance, health insurance, and unemployment insurance to the social security
agency as prescribed.
14. “at least 6 months” prescribed in Clause
1 Article 216 of the Criminal Code means at least 6 consecutive months or 6
cumulative months.
For example: From May 2018 to March 2019, Company A
has failed to pay social insurance for 4 months in 2018 (including May, July,
September and November) and 2 months in 2019 (January and February), which
means it has failed to pay at least 6 cumulative months.
15. Damage caused by social insurance, health
insurance and unemployment insurance fraud prescribed in Article 214 and
Article 215 of the Criminal Code does not include the sum of social insurance,
unemployment insurance and health insurance payout which has been appropriated.
Article 3. Regarding certain
circumstances as the basis for determination of sentence bracket
1. “in a professional manner” prescribed in
Point b Clause 2 Article 214 and 215 of the Criminal Code means that the
offender has committed the social insurance, unemployment insurance and health
insurance fraud for at least 5 times (irrespective of whether he/she has been
prosecuted for criminal liability or not, if the prescriptive period for
criminal prosecution has not expired or the conviction has not been expunged)
and the offender regards the illicit earnings from the crime as his/her source
of income.
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3. “committing offense more than once” prescribed
in Point a Clause 2 Article 216 of the Criminal Code means that the offender
has evaded paying social insurance, health insurance and unemployment insurance
for workers at least 2 times but he/she has not been liable to criminal
prosecution and the prescriptive period for criminal prosecution has not
expired.
4. “fail to pay the insurance collected or
deducted from insurance contribution made by workers” prescribed in Point d
Clause 2 and Point c Clause 3 Article 216 of the Criminal Code means that the
employer has collected or deducted insurance contribution from the salary on
which the calculation of contribution is based from workers but fails to pay
them to the social security agency.
Article 4. Criminal prosecution
in specific circumstances
1. In a case where a person has committed the same
offense prescribed in Articles 214 and 215 of the Criminal Code multiple times
to appropriate social insurance, health insurance or unemployment insurance
payout and he/she has not incurred any penalty for administrative violation and
the prescriptive period for criminal prosecution has not expired, if total
appropriated sum of insurance payout he/she earned as mentioned above is equal
to or greater than the minimum amount for criminal prosecution as prescribed in
the Criminal Code, he/she shall face a criminal prosecution for the respective
offense according to the said total sum if the offense has been committed
continuously and successively in terms of time.
2. In a case where a person has committed the same
offense prescribed in Articles 214 and 215 of the Criminal Code multiple times
which causes damage to the social insurance, health insurance or unemployment
insurance fund and he/she has not incurred any penalty for administrative violation
and the prescriptive period for criminal prosecution has not expired, if total
sum at which the damage is assessed as mentioned above is equal to or greater
than the minimum amount for criminal prosecution as prescribed in the Criminal
Code, he/she shall face a criminal prosecution for the respective offense
according to the said total sum if the offense has been committed continuously
and successively in terms of time.
3. In a case where an offender has both
appropriated the social insurance, health insurance or unemployment insurance
payout and caused damage, the appropriated sum and the sum at which the damage
is assessed are both greater than the minimum amount for criminal prosecution
as prescribed in Articles 214 and 215 of the Criminal Code, the following
actions shall be taken:
a) If the appropriated sum of insurance payout and
the sum at which the damage is assessed fall under the ordinary sentence
bracket, the offender shall face a criminal prosecution under the ordinary
sentence bracket.
For example: If Nguyen Van A forges social
insurance documents to appropriate VND 20,000,000 and causes damage assessed at
VND 150,000,000, he shall face a criminal prosecution for the social insurance
or unemployment insurance fraud prescribed in Clause 1 Article 214 of the
Criminal Code.
b) If the appropriated sum of insurance payout and
the sum at which the damage is assessed fall under different sentence brackets,
the offender shall face a criminal prosecution under the higher sentence
bracket.
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c) If the appropriated sum of insurance payout, the
sum at which the damage is assessed falls under the same aggravating sentence
bracket, the offender shall face a criminal prosecution under both aggravating
circumstances for criminal prosecution.
For example: If Nguyen Van B forges social
insurance documents to appropriate VND 150.000.000 and causes damage assessed
at VND 250,000,000, he shall face a criminal prosecution for the social insurance
or unemployment insurance fraud with the aggravating circumstances prescribed
in Points c, d Clause 2 Article 214 of the Criminal Code.
4. A person who forges social insurance,
unemployment insurance, health insurance documents or health insurance cards to
appropriate social insurance, unemployment insurance or health insurance payout
or causes damage, apart from facing a criminal prosecution for the respective
offense prescribed in Articles 214 or 215 of the Criminal Code, the offender
also faces a criminal prosecution for forging seals and documents of
organizations; using fake seals or documents of organizations as prescribed in
Article 341 of the Criminal Code if there are sufficient constituent elements
of crime.
Article 5. Actions against evading
payment of social insurance, health insurance, and unemployment insurance for
workers committed prior to 00:00 on January 1, 2018
1. If a person evades payment of social insurance,
health insurance, unemployment insurance for workers prior to 00:00 on January
1, 2018, he/she shall not face a criminal prosecution as prescribed in Article
216 of the Criminal Code but the following actions shall be taken:
a) If he/she has not faced a penalty for
administrative violation and the prescriptive period for penalty for
administrative violation has not expired, the competent authority may consider
imposing an administrative penalty.
b) If he/she has incurred a penalty for
administrative violation but he/she knowingly evades and delays the execution,
the prescriptive period for execution of the decision on penalty for
administrative violation shall be determined as prescribed in Clause 2 Article
74 of the Law on Penalties for Administrative Violations. The execution and
coercive execution of such decision on penalty for administrative violation
shall conform to law on execution and coercive execution of decisions on
penalty for administrative violations.
c) If the act causes damage to workers, social
security agencies or other agencies, the injured parties may file a tort claim
against the defendant as prescribed in law on civil procedures.
2. The penalties for administrative violations
imposed on those who evaded paying social insurance, health insurance or
unemployment insurance for workers prior to 00:00 January 1, 2018 shall not be
regarded as basis for criminal prosecution as prescribed in Article 216 of the
Criminal Code.
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In criminal cases that suspects or defendants face
criminal prosecution for social insurance or unemployment insurance fraud as
prescribed in Article 214 of the Criminal Code; health insurance fraud
prescribed in Article 215 of the Criminal Code; evading payment of social
insurance, health insurance and unemployment insurance for workers prescribed
in Article 216 of the Criminal Code, social security agencies shall take the
legal proceeding position as the aggrieved party.
Article 7. Implementation
1. Upon detecting any sign of offenses prescribed
in Articles 214, 215 and 216 of the Criminal Code, within their scope of tasks
and powers, the social security agency shall submit a claim for bringing a
charge against the offender accompanied by relevant evidence and documents to
the competent presiding authority to consider bringing a charge against the
offender as prescribed in the Criminal Procedure Code.
If a trade union, labor union or other entity
detects any sign of offense prescribed in Articles 214, 215 and 216 of the
Criminal Code, they must report it immediately to the competent presiding
authority to consider bringing a charge against the offender as prescribed in
the Criminal Procedure Code.
2. On receiving such report on crime or the claim
for bringing a charge against the offender accompanied by relevant evidence and
documents, the competent presiding authority shall consider accepting and
settling the case as per the law.
3. The submission of claims for bringing charges
against the offenders and relevant evidence and documents to competent
presiding authorities shall conform to provisions of the Criminal Procedure
Code and Joint Circular No. 01/2017/TTLT-BCA-BQP-BTC-BNN&PTNT-VKSNDTC dated
December 29, 2017 of the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of National
Defense, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development, the Supreme People’s Procuracy on cooperation between competent
authorities in implementation of the Criminal Procedure Code 2015 concerning
receipt and settlement of denunciation and report on crime and claims for
bringing charges against the offenders.
Article 8. Entry in force
This Resolution is passed by the Council of Justice
of the Supreme People’s Court on June 25, 2019 and comes into force as of
September 1, 2019.
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ON BEHALF OF
THE COUNCIL OF JUSTICE
CHIEF JUSTICE
Nguyen Hoa Binh